As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 18, 2013
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its governing instruments)
14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas 75254
(972) 490-9600
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
David A. Brooks
14185 Dallas Parkway
Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas 75254
(972) 490-9600
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Jeffrey A. Chapman Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 2100 McKinney Ave., Suite 1100 Dallas, TX 75201 (214) 698-3100 |
Howard B. Adler Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 1050 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-5306 (202) 955-8500 |
Jeffrey M. Sullivan Hunton & Williams LLP 421 Fayetteville Street, Suite 1400 Raleigh, NC 27601 (919) 899-3094 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12-b2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | x (do not check if smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Securities Being Registered |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of Registration Fee(2) |
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Common Stock, $0.01 par value |
$75,000,000 | $9,660 | ||
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(1) | Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
(2) | Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission to cover the securities has become effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale of these securities is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 18, 2013
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Shares
Common Stock
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. is a newly-formed, externally-advised company that invests primarily in high RevPAR, luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. We own interests in eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia with 3,146 total rooms. We are externally advised by a subsidiary of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (NYSE: AHT).
We are offering shares of our common stock. Our shares of common stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AHP. On , 2013, the last reported sales price for our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $ per share.
We intend to elect to be taxed as, and to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify as, a real estate investment trust (REIT) for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2013. To assist us in complying with certain federal income tax requirements applicable to REITs, among other purposes, our charter contains certain restrictions relating to the ownership and transfer of our stock, including an ownership limit of 9.8% in value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding common stock. See Description of Our Capital StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer for a detailed description of the ownership and transfer restrictions applicable to our common stock.
We are an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the matters described in the Risk Factors section beginning on page 22.
Per
Share |
Total | |||||||
Public offering price |
$ | $ | ||||||
Underwriting discount |
$ | $ | ||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ |
We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus.
Delivery of the shares of our common stock is expected to be made on or about , 2013.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
BofA Merrill Lynch | Morgan Stanley |
The date of this prospectus is , 2013.
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MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS |
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You should rely only on information contained in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by us. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities, and this prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy shares in any state or jurisdiction where an offer or sale of shares would be unlawful. The information in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us may be accurate only as of their respective dates. You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or prospects may have changed since that date.
This prospectus contains registered trademarks that are the exclusive property of their respective owners, which are companies other than us, including Marriott International ® and Hilton Worldwide ® . None of the owners of these trademarks, their affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, agents or employees is an issuer of the shares described herein. In addition none of the owners of these trademarks, their affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, agents or employees has or will have any liability arising out of or related to the sale or offer of the shares being offered hereby, including any liability or responsibility for any financial statements, projections or other financial information or other information contained in this prospectus or otherwise disseminated in connection with the offer or sale of the shares offered hereby.
i
When used in this prospectus, the terms our company, we, us, our or Ashford Prime refer to Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as our operating partnership or Ashford Prime OP. Additionally, other terms that we use throughout this prospectus are defined as follows:
| ADR means average daily rate and is calculated by dividing total hotel rooms revenues by total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate. |
| Ashford Advisor means Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and subsidiary of Ashford Trust. |
| Ashford TRS means Ashford TRS Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Trust OP. |
| Ashford Trust means Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership and Ashford Trusts operating partnership, which we refer to as Ashford Trust OP. |
| EBITDA margin means EBITDA as a percent of total revenue. |
| GAAP means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. |
| Gateway market means, with respect to U.S. markets, any of the 20 most populous metropolitan statistical areas, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau and delineated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. With respect to foreign markets, a gateway market means an area that is a general destination or in close proximity to a major transportation hub or business center, such that it serves as a significant entry or departure point to a foreign country or region of a foreign country for business or leisure travelers. |
| High RevPAR, for purposes of our investment strategy, means RevPAR of at least twice the then current U.S. average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research ( i.e. , anticipated RevPAR of at least $136 for the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2013). |
| Hotel EBITDA margin means EBITDA for a specific hotel as a percent of total revenue, with no allocation of corporate general and administrative expenses or non-recurring expenses. |
| Occupancy means the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available. Occupancy measures the utilization of our hotels available capacity. We use occupancy to measure demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. |
| Our TRSs refers to our taxable REIT subsidiaries, including Ashford Prime TRS Corporation, a Delaware corporation, which we refer to as Ashford Prime TRS, and its subsidiaries, together with the two taxable REIT subsidiaries that lease our two hotels held in a consolidated joint venture and are wholly owned by the joint venture. |
| Portfolio flow-through means incremental total revenues flowing through to Hotel EBITDA. |
| Publicly-traded lodging REIT means one of the 16 corporations or trusts (including Ashford Prime and Ashford Trust) that are qualified as REITs for federal income tax purposes, own substantially only hotel properties and no other types of real estate properties and have common stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), according to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings as of September 30, 2013. |
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| Remington means Remington Lodging and Hospitality LLC, a property management company owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus of Ashford Trust. Mr. Monty Bennett serves as the chief executive officer of Remington. |
| RevPAR means revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying ADR by the average daily occupancy. RevPAR is one of the commonly used measures within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage sales, parking, telephone or other non-rooms revenues generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire period). |
| RevPAR penetration index measures a hotels RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotels competitive set. We use the RevPAR penetration index as an indicator of a hotels market share in relation to its competitive set. However, the RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is not necessarily reflective of that hotels relative share of any particular lodging market and instead provides the relative revenue per room generated by each such property as compared to the competitive set. The RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is calculated as the quotient of (1) the subject hotels RevPAR divided by (2) the average RevPAR of the hotels in the subject hotels competitive set, including the subject hotel, multiplied by 100. Each hotels competitive set consists of a small group of hotels in the relevant market that we and the hotel management company that manages the hotel believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. RevPAR data, other than the RevPAR of our eight initial hotels, used in calculating any RevPAR penetration index in this prospectus was provided by Smith Travel Research. |
| TSR or total return means, with respect to a company, the increase in the market price of the common stock of such company, assuming all dividends on the common stock are reinvested into additional shares of common stock. |
For more information about occupancy, ADR and RevPAR, see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsKey Indicators of Operating Performance. We also present five non-GAAP financial measures throughout this prospectus that we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance and liquidity: funds from operations (FFO); adjusted FFO (AFFO); earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA); adjusted EBITDA (Adjusted EBITDA); and hotel EBITDA (Hotel EBITDA). For an in-depth discussion of these financial measures, see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures.
References to websites included in this prospectus are intended to be inactive textual references only, and the information on such websites is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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MARKET DATA AND INDUSTRY FORECASTS
We use market data and industry forecasts and projections throughout this prospectus, including data from publicly available information and industry publications. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections are based on industry surveys and the preparers experience in the industry, and there can be no assurance that any of the forecasts or projections will be achieved. The quantitative information may be derived from estimates and subjective judgments and may be subject to limited audit and validation procedures. We believe that the surveys and market research others have performed are reliable, but we have not independently investigated or verified this information. In addition, the projections obtained from Smith Travel Research and PKF Hospitality Research, LLC that we have included in this prospectus have not been expertized within the meaning of the federal securities laws and are, therefore, solely our responsibility. As a result, neither Smith Travel Research nor PKF Hospitality Research, LLC has or will have any liability or responsibility to our stockholders or Ashford Prime OP unit holders for any market data and industry forecasts and projections that are contained in this prospectus.
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This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. It is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in shares of our common stock. You should read carefully the entire prospectus, including the information set forth under Risk Factors beginning on page 21, before deciding to invest in our common stock.
Unless indicated otherwise, the information included in this prospectus assumes (i) the sale of the shares of our common stock in this offering at a price of $ per share, the last reported sales price for our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on , 2013, and (ii) no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock.
Our Company
We are a newly formed, externally-advised Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high RevPAR, luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia with 3,146 total rooms. The hotels in our initial portfolio are located in U.S. gateway markets with favorable growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators and limited risk of additional supply. Our initial portfolio generated RevPAR of $153.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is 218% of the average of the U.S. lodging industry, according to Smith Travel Research, Inc.
We became a public company on November 19, 2013, when Ashford Trust, an NYSE-listed REIT, completed the spin-off of our company through the distribution of our outstanding common stock to the Ashford Trust stockholders. Ashford Advisor, a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, is our external advisor. All of the hotels in our portfolio are asset-managed by Ashford Advisor. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust beneficially owned common units of our operating partnership, Ashford Prime OP, representing 20% of our company on a fully-diluted basis.
Our strategy is to invest primarily in full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments which are anticipated to generate RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research (i.e. anticipated RevPAR of at least $136 for the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2013) (which we refer to as high RevPAR). Our hotels are located predominantly in domestic gateway markets. We may also seek to acquire hotels in international gateway markets and resort markets that satisfy the same anticipated RevPAR criteria as our domestic hotels (after any applicable currency conversion). We intend to acquire both premium-branded and independent hotels. We distinguish ourselves from Ashford Trust, which invests opportunistically across all segments and at all levels of the capital structure within the hospitality industry, based on our more conservative capital structure, our focus on higher RevPAR hotels and our interest in international assets predominantly in gateway markets.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals present favorable opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our eight initial hotels.
We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford Advisor pursuant to an advisory agreement.
We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Substantially all of our assets are held by, and all of our operations are conducted through, our operating partnership.
1
Our Acquisition Activity
In connection with the spin-off, we entered into two option agreements to acquire two hotels from Ashford Trust: the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida and the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. The Pier House Resort opened in 1968 and has 142 rooms. The Crystal Gateway Marriott opened in 1982 and has 697 rooms. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire the Pier House Resort. See Our Business and PropertiesOur Option HotelsPier House Resort, Key West, FL. We also intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to acquire additional properties in the ordinary course of business in a manner consistent with our investment guidelines and strategies and, to a lesser extent, for general corporate purposes and working capital.
In May 2013, Ashford Trust acquired the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida, for total cash consideration of $90 million ($634,000 per key). The purchase price, at acquisition, represented a trailing 12-month capitalization rate of 6.2% on net operating income and an EBITDA multiple of 14.3x. The Pier House Resort was built in 1968 and contains 142 rooms including 119 guest rooms and 23 suites. The hotel has 40 waterfront facing rooms and suites, 2,600 square feet of meeting space, a 10,000 square foot spa with 10 treatment rooms, three food and beverage outlets and the renowned Chartroom bar, a full-service fitness facility and private dock for charter pick-ups. The hotel is located at the northern end of Duval Street in the heart of Key West on a 6-acre compound with a private beach and immediate access to the Gulf of Mexico.
Following Ashford Trusts acquisition of the Pier House Resort, Ashford Trust implemented several initiatives intended to increase revenue and cut costs, including costs relating to salaries and wages, health insurance, property insurance and food and beverage. For the first four months ended September 30, 2013 post acquisition, total revenues and operating income for the Pier House Resort increased 8.2% and 42.4%, respectively, on a year over year basis.
We also entered into a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust, in connection with the spin-off, for 12 hotels currently held by Ashford Trust. We generally have the first right to acquire any of these hotels that Ashford Trust decides to sell, subject to any prior rights of the managers of the hotels or other third parties.
We frequently evaluate opportunities to acquire additional hotels, either through direct ownership, joint ventures, partnership participations or similar arrangements. We may use cash or issue common units in Ashford Prime OP as currency for a transaction. Some or all of these acquisitions, if completed, may be material to our company, individually or in the aggregate. We may, from time to time, be party to letters of intent, term sheets and other non-binding agreements relating to potential acquisitions. As of December 18, 2013, we were reviewing potential acquisition opportunities with estimated aggregate purchase prices in excess of $150 million (not including the Pier House Resort, the Crystal Gateway Marriott or the 12 hotels subject to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust). We cannot assure you that we will enter into definitive acquisition agreements with respect to any potential acquisitions.
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Our Hotels
As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia. All of the hotels in our portfolio operate under premium brands affiliated with either Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) or Hilton Worldwide, Inc. (Hilton). The following tables set forth additional information for our hotels (dollars in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR).
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA (1) |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (2) |
La Jolla, CA | 394 | 75 | % | 76 | % | $ | 166.41 | $ | 126.19 | 103.2 | $ | 8,898 | |||||||||||||||||
The Capital Hilton |
Washington, D.C. | 544 | 75 | % | 82 | % | 213.93 | 176.09 | 107.2 | 15,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
Plano, TX | 404 | 100 | % | 66 | % | 162.59 | 107.91 | 128.6 | 8,392 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
Seattle, WA | 358 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 200.34 | 155.64 | 109.9 | 10,521 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
San Francisco, CA | 405 | 100 | % | 85 | % | 206.95 | 176.66 | 103.7 | 10,135 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
Seattle, WA | 250 | 100 | % | 72 | % | 148.58 | 107.02 | 109.0 | 4,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
Philadelphia, PA | 498 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 161.20 | 125.56 | 114.4 | 9,805 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza (3) |
Tampa, FL | 293 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 154.68 | 120.57 | 127.6 | 5,144 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Total / Weighted Average (4) |
3,146 | 77 | % | $ | 181.13 | $ | 140.20 | 110.8 | $ | 73,040 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA (1) |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (2) |
La Jolla, CA | 78 | % | $ | 173.18 | $ | 135.53 | 99.6 | $ | 6,900 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The Capital Hilton |
Washington, D.C. | 87 | % | 216.16 | 188.42 | 106.6 | 12,144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
Plano, TX | 67 | % | 172.66 | 115.96 | 128.1 | 6,572 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
Seattle, WA | 80 | % | 224.36 | 179.97 | 113.6 | 9,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
San Francisco, CA | 90 | % | 224.66 | 202.39 | 104.7 | 9,617 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
Seattle, WA | 77 | % | 167.66 | 129.03 | 110.2 | 4,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
Philadelphia, PA | 81 | % | 164.39 | 132.37 | 118.3 | 8,424 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza (3) |
Tampa, FL | 79 | % | 155.20 | 121.90 | 123.4 | 3,764 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total /Weighted Average (4) |
80 | % | $ | 190.94 | $ | 153.50 | 111.0 | $ | 61,349 |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of Hotel EBITDA by property. We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA represents the total amount for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. |
(2) | Subject to a ground lease that expires in 2043. |
(3) | Subject to a ground lease that expires in 2080. |
(4) | RevPAR penetration represents a weighted average based on the sum of the product of RevPAR for the competitive set of each hotel and the total room count for the respective hotel for all eight hotels in our portfolio. All other values on this line are calculated on a portfolio basis for all eight hotels in our portfolio. |
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe we distinguish ourselves from other hotel owners through the following competitive strengths:
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High Quality Hotel Portfolio. The RevPAR of our initial hotel portfolio was $153.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is 218% of the average of the U.S. lodging industry, according to Smith Travel Research, Inc., and highlights the overall quality of our portfolio. Our portfolio strength is evidenced by its weighted average RevPAR penetration index of 111.0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Furthermore, our portfolio exhibits strong cash flow characteristics, with Hotel EBITDA per room of approximately $19,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which places us in the top quartile of all publicly-traded lodging REITs for 2013. Our Hotel EBITDA per room is supported by our strong portfolio flow-through, which resulted in Hotel EBITDA margin expansion of 462 basis points since 2009. Finally, our portfolio is in excellent physical |
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condition; Ashford Trust invested an average of nearly $23,000 per room in the portfolio from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2012. |
| Distinct Investment Strategy. Our strategy is to invest primarily in full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments which are anticipated to generate RevPAR of at least twice the then current U.S. average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research ( i.e. anticipated RevPAR of at least $136 for the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2013). Our hotels are located predominantly in domestic gateway markets. We may also seek to acquire hotels outside of the U.S. that satisfy the same anticipated RevPAR criteria as our domestic hotels (after any applicable currency conversion), with a primary focus on international gateway cities. In addition, we may invest in upper-upscale and luxury hotels situated in resort markets when those hotels meet our stated RevPAR criteria. We intend to acquire both premium branded and independent hotels. |
| Option Agreements for Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott. In connection with the spin-off, we entered into two option agreements to acquire two hotels from Ashford Trust: the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida and the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. The following tables set forth additional information for the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott: |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA |
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Pier House Resort |
Key West, FL | 142 | 100 | % | 82.8 | % | $ | 332.71 | $ | 275.50 | 97.7 | $ | 5,531 | |||||||||||||||||||
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
Arlington, VA | 697 | 100 | % | 75.1 | % | 182.39 | 136.97 | 112.5 | 15,972 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA |
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Pier House Resort |
Key West, FL | 82.5 | % | $ | 365.70 | $ | 301.80 | 96.8 | $ | 5,621 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
Arlington, VA | 76.1 | % | 175.64 | 133.65 | 111.7 | 11,596 |
For a detailed discussion of the option agreements, see Our Business and PropertiesOur Option Hotels and Certain AgreementsOption Agreements. |
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| Right of First Offer on Additional High-Quality Assets from Ashford Trust. In connection with the spin-off, we entered into a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust for the following 12 hotels currently held by Ashford Trust: |
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
RevPAR for
Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
RevPAR for
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
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Crowne Plaza Beverly Hills* |
Beverly Hills, CA | 260 | 100 | % | $ | 133.00 | $ | 140.04 | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Crystal City |
Arlington, VA | 267 | 100 | % | 156.81 | 157.94 | ||||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Key West |
Key West, FL | 160 | 100 | % | 177.08 | 200.37 | ||||||||||||
Hyatt Coral Gables |
Coral Gables, FL | 242 | 100 | % | 133.98 | 142.48 | ||||||||||||
One Ocean Jacksonville |
Jacksonville, FL | 193 | 100 | % | 108.41 | 119.56 | ||||||||||||
Houston Embassy Suites |
Houston, TX | 150 | 100 | % | 134.86 | 142.81 | ||||||||||||
Portland Embassy Suites |
Portland, OR | 276 | 100 | % | 131.83 | 149.29 | ||||||||||||
Ritz-Carlton Atlanta |
Atlanta, GA | 444 | 72 | %** | 123.60 | 133.28 | ||||||||||||
Hilton Boston Back Bay |
Boston, MA | 390 | 72 | %** | 184.47 | 189.89 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Boston Downtown |
Boston, MA | 315 | 72 | %** | 133.64 | 131.06 | ||||||||||||
The Churchill |
Washington, D.C. | 173 | 72 | %** | 122.99 | 121.52 | ||||||||||||
The Melrose |
Washington, D.C. | 240 | 72 | %** | 122.00 | 125.43 |
* | Ashford Trust has entered into a franchise agreement to convert this hotel to a Marriott after the expiration of the existing Crowne Plaza license agreement in March 2015. |
** | These hotels are owned by a joint venture in which Ashford Trust holds an approximate 71.74% common equity interest and a $25.0 million preferred equity interest. To the extent Ashford Trust has the opportunity to acquire the entire interest in these hotels or controls the right to sell these hotels, the right of first offer agreement between us and Ashford Trust will extend to these properties. |
For a detailed discussion of the right of first offer agreement, see Certain AgreementsRight of First Offer Agreement.
| Experienced Team with Proven Track Record of Delivering Stockholder Value. Ashford Advisors management team has generated an approximate 129% total return measured from September 1, 2003 through September 30, 2013. During the financial crisis, Ashford Trust entered into consensual foreclosures on three hotel properties, realizing a net loss on investments in these properties of $56.7 million; however, since January 2009, Ashford Trust has generated the highest total return to stockholders of all publicly-traded lodging REITs that existed throughout that period, with an approximate 933% total return measured from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. The Ashford Trust management team has successfully completed several multi-property acquisitions for Ashford Trust, including the $2.4 billion acquisition of the 51-property CNL Hotels & Resorts portfolio in 2007 and the $1.3 billion acquisition of the 28-property Highland Hospitality portfolio in 2011. Each of the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, chief operating officer and chief accounting officer of Ashford Trust has more than 20 years of lodging or real estate experience. |
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Highly Aligned Management Structure. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust, the parent of Ashford Advisor, beneficially owned 20% of the outstanding common units of our operating partnership. As of December 18, 2013, the executive management team and directors of Ashford Trust, together with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus and co-founder of Ashford Trust, owned, directly or indirectly, approximately 19% of the equity interest in our company on a fully-diluted basis. By comparison, the average level of insider ownership for publicly-traded lodging REITs was 3% (excluding Ashford Prime and Ashford Trust) as of the most recently available public information. The |
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fees payable pursuant to the advisory agreement are based upon our total enterprise value (which includes the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness) rather than our gross book value, resulting in lower advisory fees if our stock price decreases. Furthermore, the incentive fees payable under the advisory agreement are based on our total stockholder return outperformance compared to a defined peer group. |
| Attractive Corporate Governance. Our governance structure is designed to provide transparency to investors and promote the long-term interests of stockholders. Some of the significant features of our corporate governance structure include: |
| External advisor owned by publicly-traded company. |
| Non-classified seven member board with five independent directors, four of whom have no prior affiliation with Ashford Trust, and a lead independent director. |
| Corporate governance policy that requires the board consist of at least two-thirds independent directors at all times that we do not have an independent chairman. |
| Charter provision and corporate governance policy that address conflicts. |
| Ashford Trusts retained beneficial interest in our company is in the form of common units of our operating partnership, which generally do not convey voting power with respect to matters voted on by our stockholders. |
| Opt out of certain Maryland law antitakeover provisions. |
| No stockholder rights plan unless our stockholders approve or ratify the adoption of a plan. |
Our Investment and Growth Strategies
Our principal business objectives are to generate attractive returns on our invested capital and long-term growth in cash flow to maximize total returns to our stockholders. To achieve our objectives, we intend to pursue the following strategies:
Pursue Focused Investment Strategy . Our strategy is to invest in premium branded and high quality independent hotels that are:
| full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments which are anticipated to generate RevPAR at least twice the average RevPAR for the U.S. lodging industry, as determined by Smith Travel Research ( i.e. RevPAR of at least $136 for the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2013), located predominately in U.S. gateway markets; |
| hotels located outside of the U.S. that satisfy the same anticipated RevPAR criteria as our domestic hotels (after any applicable currency conversion), with a primary focus on international gateway markets; and |
| upper-upscale and luxury hotels in U.S. and international resort markets and meeting our stated RevPAR criteria. |
We intend to concentrate our investments in markets where we believe there are significant growth opportunities and limited risk of additional supply. In determining anticipated RevPAR for a particular asset, we may take into account forecasts and other considerations, including without limitation, conversions or repositions of assets, capital plans, brand changes and other factors which may reasonably be forecasted to raise RevPAR after stabilization. Stabilization with respect to a hotel, after the completion of an initiative such as a capital plan, conversion or change of brand name or change of the business mix or other operating characteristics, is generally expected to occur within 12 to 24 months after the completion of the related renovation, reposition or brand change.
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Continue Active Asset Management. Ashford Advisor aggressively asset-manages the hotels in our initial portfolio, and will aggressively asset manage any hotel properties we may acquire in the future, to help maximize the operating performance, cash flow and value of each hotel. Asset management functions include acquisition, renovation, financing and disposition of assets, operational accountability of managers, budget review, capital expenditures and property-level strategies, as compared to the day-to-day management of our hotels, which are performed by our property managers.
Employ Disciplined Capital Allocation Program. We intend to pursue a disciplined capital allocation strategy as it relates to the acquisition, operation, disposition and financing of assets in our initial portfolio and those that we may acquire in the future. Ashford Advisor utilizes its extensive industry experience and capital markets expertise to influence the timing of capital deployment and recycling, and we may selectively sell hotels that are no longer consistent with our investment strategy or as to which returns appear to have been maximized. To the extent we sell hotels, we generally intend to redeploy the capital into investment opportunities that we believe will achieve higher returns.
Our History and Relationship with Ashford Trust and Ashford Advisor
Until the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013, we were a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, an NYSE-listed REIT. Ashford Trust created us to concentrate its ownership of certain of its higher RevPAR hotels in gateway markets. The following chart summarizes the key similarities and distinctions between us and Ashford Trust:
Ashford Prime |
Ashford Trust |
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Investment Focus | Full-service and select-service hotels anticipated to generate RevPAR at least twice the national average. | All segments of the hospitality industry, with RevPAR criteria outside the Ashford Prime investment focus. | ||
Investment Type | Direct hotel investments and joint ventures. | Direct hotel investments, joint ventures and debt. | ||
Geography | Domestic and international gateway markets and select resort locations. | National focus, including primary, secondary and tertiary markets. | ||
Chain Scale | Upscale, upper-upscale and luxury. | Various chain scale segments. | ||
Mix of Service | Full-service and select-service in urban markets. | Full-service and select-service. | ||
Capital Structure/Leverage Policy | Conservative. Target < 5.0x net debt and preferred equity to EBITDA. | Opportunistic. Strategic use of debt designed to maximize returns. | ||
Brand Strategy | Premium brands and high quality independent hotels. | Premium brands and high quality independent hotels. | ||
Management | Ashford Advisor | Ashford Advisor |
Because of our unique relationship with Ashford Trust, we may be able to pursue attractive portfolio acquisition opportunities jointly, giving us a distinct advantage when only portions of the portfolio satisfy our investment focus.
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Relationship with Ashford Trust. Ashford Trust contributed our initial assets to us in the spin-off. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust beneficially owned 20% of the outstanding common units of our operating partnership. The executive management team and directors of Ashford Trust, together with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus and co-founder of Ashford Trust, owned, directly or indirectly, approximately 19% of the equity interest in our company on a fully-diluted basis. Beginning one year from the issuance date, the common units in our operating partnership will be redeemable by the holder for cash or, at our option, into shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Accordingly, Ashford Trust OPs initial ownership interest in our operating partnership represents a 20% ownership interest in our outstanding common stock, on a fully-diluted basis, assuming all common units are redeemed and we elect to issue shares of our common stock in lieu of paying the redemption price. We own approximately 64.7% of the common units in our operating partnership, meaning our stockholders own approximately 64.7% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis. See Certain Relationships and Related Person TransactionSpin-Off from Ashford Trust.
Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into two separate option agreements and a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust. See Certain AgreementsOption Agreement and Certain AgreementsRight of First Offer Agreement.
Relationship with Ashford Advisor. Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into an advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor. Pursuant to this agreement, Ashford Advisor manages the day-to-day operations of our company and all affiliates in conformity with our investment guidelines, which may be modified or supplemented by our board of directors from time to time except that our investment guidelines cannot be revised in a manner that is directly competitive with Ashford Trust. Our advisory agreement has an initial five-year term and will be automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless terminated either by us or Ashford Advisor. For more information about the advisory agreement, see Certain AgreementsRelationship with the Advisor.
Ashford Advisor is entitled to receive from us, among other fees, certain fees as payment for managing our day-to-day operations and an incentive fee based upon our total shareholder return versus our peer group. The amounts payable to Ashford Advisor under our advisory agreement are described in more detail under Certain AgreementsThe Advisory AgreementFees and Expenses.
We believe our relationship with Ashford Trust and Ashford Advisor benefits us because we believe the quality and depth of management expertise and experience available to us from Ashford Advisor could not be duplicated without a significant increase in our overhead costs.
Industry Overview
The U.S. lodging industry is in the fourth year of what we anticipate will be a continuing recovery from the recent financial crisis and related economic recession. We believe this is an attractive point in the lodging investment cycle.
Room night demand in the U.S. lodging industry historically has been directly correlated with macroeconomic trends, including growth in gross domestic product (GDP), corporate profitability, capital investments, consumer confidence and employment. Following a period of economic contraction and widespread job loss in 2008 and 2009, the U.S. economy has been exhibiting signs of a recovery, and the International Monetary Fund forecasts U.S. GDP growth of 2.6% in 2014 and 3.4% in 2015. Given the strong correlation between room night demand and growth in GDP, we believe the current projections of a gradual but consistent growth in GDP provide an attractive backdrop for a sustained recovery phase of the lodging cycle.
According to PKF Hospitality Research, LLC, hotel demand is expected to increase at a 2.6% compound annual rate from 2013 to 2016, including growth of 3.0% and 3.3%, respectively, for 2014 and 2015. In contrast,
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hotel supply is forecasted to grow more slowly, at a 1.5% compound annual rate from 2013 to 2016, including growth of 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively, for 2014 and 2015. We believe the strong growth in room night demand combined with limited addition to supply should provide hotel owners with the opportunity to increase ADR, as industry occupancy exceeds the long-term average. We further believe that this forecast for favorable demand/supply imbalance should result in significant gains in both RevPAR and hotel-level EBITDA. PKF Hospitality Research, LLC predicts industry-wide RevPAR will grow 6.6% in 2014, 7.5% in 2015, and 4.8% in 2016. We believe the prevailing industry supply and demand dynamic presents compelling growth opportunities for our portfolio of well-capitalized and well-located upscale and upper-upscale hotels. PKF Hospitality Research, LLC further predicts strong RevPAR growth across our key targeted investment segments, as indicated in the chart below:
Source: Colliers PKF Hospitality Research.
For more information, see Lodging Market Industry Overview.
Summary Risk Factors
You should carefully read and consider the risk factors set forth under Risk Factors, as well as all other information contained in this prospectus. If any of the risks described in this prospectus occur, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline. Some of the risks include:
| We are significantly influenced by the economies and other conditions in the markets in which we operate, particularly in the metropolitan areas where we have high concentrations of hotels. |
| Our investments are concentrated in the hotel industry, and the failure of the hotel industry to exhibit sustained improvement may adversely affect us. |
| We depend on Ashford Advisors key personnel and the loss of their continued service could threaten our ability to operate our business successfully. |
| The amount of fees and incentives paid to Ashford Advisor may exceed the average of internalized expenses of our industry peers. |
| The prior performance of Ashford Trust is not indicative of our future performance. |
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| Our business strategy depends on acquiring additional hotels on attractive terms. |
| We rely on third-party property managers to operate our hotels and for a substantial majority of our cash flow. |
| Conflicts of interest with Remington, a property management company owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus of Ashford Trust, could result in our management acting other than in our stockholders best interest. |
| Under the terms of our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington, Remington may be able to pursue lodging investment opportunities that compete with us. |
| Securities eligible for future sale, including the 20% of our company that Ashford Trust owned on a fully diluted basis as of December 18, 2013, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. |
| Our management agreements could adversely affect the sale or financing of hotel properties. |
| All of our hotels currently operate under either Marriott or Hilton brands; therefore, we are subject to risks associated with concentrating our portfolio in just two brand families. |
| Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur, and we would be adversely affected if we were unable to make required payments on our debt, comply with covenants in our indebtedness or refinance our indebtedness at maturity on favorable terms or at all. |
| We may not be able to make distributions at expected levels or at all. |
| Our separation and distribution agreement, our advisory agreement, the mutual exclusivity agreement, the master management agreement and other agreements entered into in connection with the spin-off were not negotiated on an arms-length basis and their terms may not be as favorable to us as if they were negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. |
| Ashford Advisor is a subsidiary of Ashford Trust and may manage other entities in the future and direct attractive investment opportunities away from us. If we amend our investment guidelines, Ashford Advisor is not restricted from advising clients with similar investment guidelines. |
| Ashford Advisor and its key employees, who are both our executive officers and Ashford Trusts executive officers, face competing demands on their time. |
| If we cannot obtain additional capital, our growth will be limited. |
| We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from our separation from Ashford Trust. |
| We may not acquire any of the properties in our current acquisition pipeline. |
| We may not be able to acquire any of the properties that are subject to the right of first offer agreement, either because Ashford Trust does not elect to sell such properties or we are not in a position to acquire the properties when Ashford Trust elects to sell. Likewise, we may not be able to acquire the properties subject to the option agreements because, in certain limited circumstances, Ashford Trust has a right to terminate such agreements. |
| If we exercise the option to purchase the Pier House Resort, the purchase price we pay for such hotel may be greater than the amount payable for a comparable property in a fully-marketed sale process. |
| Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders. |
| The market price of our shares may fluctuate widely. |
| Your percentage ownership in our company may be diluted in the future. |
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| The expansion of our business into new markets outside of the United States will expose us to risks relating to owning hotels in those international markets. |
| Some of our hotels are held in joint ventures, and such joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on a co-venturers financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers. |
Our Financing Strategy
As part of our separation from Ashford Trust, we assumed mortgage indebtedness secured by our eight initial hotels, which totaled $624.0 million (including the indebtedness secured by the two hotels we own through a consolidated joint venture) as of September 30, 2013. If we exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort, assuming it is encumbered by its existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $693.0 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.29% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). If we exercise our options to acquire both the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott, assuming both are encumbered by their existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $810.7 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.42% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). As of September 30, 2013, approximately 68.2% of our mortgage debt bears interest at fixed rates averaging 6.08% and the remaining 31.8% bears interest at the variable rate of LIBOR plus 3.5%. In connection with the spin-off, we assumed an interest rate cap with respect to our variable rate debt such that our interest rate is effectively capped at 6.5%. We intend to continue to use a mix of fixed and variable rate debt, and we may, if appropriate, enter into interest rate hedges related to our variable and fixed rate debt.
Concurrently with the completion of the spin-off, we entered into a three-year, $150 million secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility provides for a three-year term with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions, and bears interest at a range of 2.25%3.75% over LIBOR, depending on our leverage ratio (as defined in the agreement). The credit facility includes the opportunity to expand the borrowing capacity by up to $150 million to an aggregate size of $300 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. No amounts were drawn under the credit facility as of December 18, 2013.
Our objective, over time, is to effectively deleverage our portfolio by acquiring additional hotels and applying less leverage than we had upon completion of the spin-off. Alternatively, we may deleverage via retaining excess cash to reduce our net debt. As of September 30, 2013, we had a leverage ratio of approximately 6.5x, based on property-level indebtedness related to our properties, which had an outstanding consolidated principal balance at September 30, 2013 of approximately $624.0 million and a weighted average interest rate of 5.32% per annum. We expect to achieve and maintain a net debt and preferred equity-to-EBITDA ratio of 5.0x or less. We define net debt and preferred equity as the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness plus the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred equity, less cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.
We intend to finance our long-term growth and liquidity needs with operating cash flow, equity issuances, both common and preferred stock, joint ventures and secured and unsecured debt financings having staggered maturities. We may also issue common units in our operating partnership to acquire properties from sellers who seek a tax-deferred transaction.
Structure and Formation of Our Company
Prior to and concurrently with our separation from Ashford Trust and Ashford Trusts distribution of our common stock to its stockholders, which we refer to as the separation and distribution, we engaged in certain formation transactions, which were designed to consolidate the ownership of a portfolio of interests in eight properties owned by Ashford Trust into our operating partnership, provide for our external management,
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facilitate the separation and distribution, provide us with our initial capital and enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2013.
Pursuant to the terms of the separation and distribution agreement, on November 19, 2013, our operating partnership received a contribution of direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of eight hotel properties owned by Ashford Trust OP and certain of its subsidiaries plus approximately $145.3 million in exchange for approximately 8.8 million common units of our operating partnership and approximately 16.1 million shares of our common stock. We also assumed the property-level mortgage debt associated with our initial portfolio. The common units of our operating partnership issued to Ashford Trust OP were distributed to Ashford Trust OPs limited partners, including Ashford Trust. Our common stock was distributed to Ashford Trusts stockholders as a taxable pro rata special distribution. Ashford Prime TRS, a wholly-owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, purchased, for a cash payment of approximately $6.0 million, direct or indirect interests in the three taxable REIT subsidiaries that currently lease six of our eight properties. The two taxable REIT subsidiaries that currently lease the two properties in our portfolio held in a joint venture remain subsidiaries of the joint venture, but Ashford Trusts equity interest in the joint venture was contributed to our operating partnership.
In addition, concurrently with the completion of the spin-off, we entered into an advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor; our operating partnership entered into a revolving credit facility; we entered into two option agreements and a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust OP; we entered into various registration rights agreements; and we entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington that was consented and agreed to by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, and a master management agreement with Remington. See Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions. We will also reimburse Ashford Trust for the initial transaction cost of the separation and distribution of approximately $17.9 million.
Our Structure
The following diagram depicts our ownership structure.
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* | The total number of shares of Ashford Trusts common stock and our common stock outstanding used in calculating the ownership percentages assumes that all operating partnership units held by each of the officers and directors of Ashford Trust and our company, respectively, including long-term incentive plan units (LTIP units), have been redeemed for our common stock. |
** | Including Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus and co-founder of Ashford Trust. |
As shown in the chart above, we own two of our properties in a joint venture structure. We have a 75% ownership interest in this joint venture and serve as the general partner; however, all major decisions related to these properties, including decisions related to selling or refinancing the hotels, are subject to the written approval of our joint venture partner. We also have the benefit of a preferred distribution in an amount equal to an 11% annual return on our unreturned ordinary capital.
Conflicts of Interest
Advisory Agreement. We are dependent on Ashford Advisor for our day-to-day management, and we do not have any independent officers or employees. Each of our executive officers and two of our directors also serve as key employees and as officers of Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust. So long as Ashford Advisor is our external advisor, our governing documents require us to include two persons designated by Ashford Advisor as candidates for election as director at any stockholder meeting at which directors are to be elected. Such nominees may be executive officers of Ashford Trust. In connection with the spin-off, Messrs. Monty J. Bennett and Douglas A. Kessler were designated as candidates for election as directors by Ashford Advisor. Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, is also the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of Ashford Trust. We did not conduct arms-length negotiations with respect to the terms and structuring of our agreements, resulting in the principals of Ashford Trust having the ability to influence the type and level of benefits that they and our other affiliates received. We have not obtained third-party appraisals of the properties that were contributed to us in the separation and distribution or fairness opinions in connection with the separation and distribution. Accordingly, our advisory agreement and other agreements with Ashford Trust, including fees and other amounts payable, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated on an arms-length basis with unaffiliated third parties. In addition, the ability of Ashford Advisor and its officers and personnel to engage in other business activities, including the management of Ashford Trust and other entities, may reduce the time Ashford Advisor and its officers and personnel spend managing us.
Ashford Advisor personnel continue to advise Ashford Trust and may also advise other businesses in the future and will not be required to present us with investment opportunities that Ashford Advisor determines are outside of our investment guidelines and within the investment guidelines of another business advised by Ashford Advisor. Ashford Advisor must present us with investment opportunities it deems suitable for recommendation that satisfy our investment guidelines but will have discretion to determine which investment opportunities satisfy our investment guidelines. Any new individual investment opportunities that satisfy our initial investment guidelines will be presented to our board of directors, who will have up to 10 business days to accept any such opportunity prior to it being available to Ashford Trust or any other business advised by Ashford Advisor. However, if we materially change our investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, then Ashford Advisor will not have an obligation to present investment opportunities and instead Ashford Advisor will use its best judgment to allocate investment opportunities to us and other entities it advises, taking into account such factors as Ashford Advisor deems relevant, in its discretion, subject to any then existing obligations of Ashford Advisor to such other entities.
Portfolio investment opportunities (the acquisition of two or more properties in the same transaction) are treated differently. Some portfolio investment opportunities may include hotels that satisfy our investment guidelines as well as hotels that satisfy the investment guidelines of Ashford Trust or other businesses advised by Ashford Advisor. If the portfolio cannot be equitably divided by asset type and acquired on the basis of such
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asset types in satisfaction of each such entitys investment guidelines, Ashford Advisor will be required to allocate portfolio investment opportunities between us, Ashford Trust and any other businesses advised by Ashford Advisor in a fair and equitable manner, consistent with such other entities investment guidelines. In making this determination, Ashford Advisor, using substantial discretion, will consider the investment strategy and guidelines of each entity with respect to acquisition of properties, portfolio concentrations, tax consequences, regulatory restrictions, liquidity requirements, financing and other factors deemed appropriate by Ashford Advisor. In making the allocation determination, Ashford Advisor has no obligation to make any investment opportunity available to us.
Remington Mutual Exclusivity Agreement . Our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington provides that Remington will provide property management, project management and development services for all future properties that we acquire (including the Pier House Resort) to the extent we have the right or control the right to direct such matters, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington because they have determined, in their reasonable business judgment, that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. The initial term of the mutual exclusivity agreement is 10 years, with three seven year renewal options, followed by one four-year renewal option. Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, and his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. own 100% of Remington. Accordingly, they will benefit from the payment of property management, project management, development and other fees by us to Remington. The terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement between us and Remington limit our ability to engage other entities for property management, development, and other project management related services without the unanimous consent of our independent directors or, in certain circumstances, the majority vote of our independent directors. Remington may, subject to Ashford Trusts right of first refusal, pursue lodging investment opportunities that it refers to us and that we elect not to pursue. This may result in our chief executive officer and chairman, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, and Remington competing with us, while Remington is managing other hotels for us.
Our Directors and Officers . Mr. Monty J. Bennetts duties to us as a director and officer may conflict with his duties to, and pecuniary interest in, Remington and Ashford Trust. Therefore, the negotiations and agreements between us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and these entities and their affiliates may not solely reflect the interests of our stockholders.
To mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, five of the seven initial members of our board of directors are independent directors (and are also not directors of Ashford Trust). Furthermore, our charter requires that, at all times, a majority of our board of directors be independent directors and our corporate governance guidelines require that two-thirds of our board be independent directors at all times that we do not have an independent chairman. Our corporate governance policy provides that all decisions related to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust; decisions related to the mutual exclusivity agreement or the master management agreement with Remington; decisions related to the advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor; decisions related to the option agreements with Ashford Trust; and all decisions related to the enforcement of the separation and distribution agreement be approved by a majority of the independent directors. Our directors also are subject to provisions of Maryland law that address transactions between Maryland corporations and our directors or other entities in which our directors have a material financial interest. In addition, our charter, consistent with Maryland law, contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director or officer or an affiliate of any director or officer will require the approval of a majority of disinterested directors. However, there can be no assurance that these policies always will be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts, and if they are not successful, decisions could be made that might not fully reflect the interests of all of our stockholders.
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Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Maryland on April 5, 2013. Our principal executive offices are located at 14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100, Dallas, Texas 75254. Our telephone number is (972) 490-9600. Our website is www.ahpreit.com. The information found on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document that we file with or furnish to the SEC. We have included our website address in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
Our Tax Status
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2013. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels and the diversity of ownership of our shares. Additionally, under applicable Treasury Regulations, if Ashford Trust failed to qualify as a REIT in any of its 2009 through 2013 taxable years, unless Ashford Trusts failure to qualify as a REIT was subject to relief under U.S. federal income tax laws, we would be prevented from electing to qualify as a REIT prior to the fifth calendar year following the year in which Ashford Trust failed to qualify. We believe that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and that our current and proposed manner of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and would be precluded from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lost our REIT qualification. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income or property, and the income of our TRSs will be subject to taxation at regular corporate rates.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of our Stock
Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Code, among other purposes, our charter provides for restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares of stock, including, in general, prohibitions on any person actually or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or 9.8% in value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock or any other stock of our company. Our charter, however, permits exceptions to be made for stockholders provided that our board of directors determines such exceptions will not jeopardize our tax status as a REIT.
Distribution Policy
On December 16, 2013, we announced a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock. The common stock dividend will be paid on January 15, 2014 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2013.
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to:
(i) | 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP); plus |
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(ii) | 90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Code; less |
(iii) | any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Code). |
See Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Distributions made by us will be authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law and other factors described under Distribution Policy. We expect that, at least initially, our distributions may exceed our net income under GAAP because of non-cash expenses included in net income. To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than 90% of our REIT taxable income, we may consider various means to cover any such shortfall, including borrowing under our secured revolving credit facility or other loans, selling certain of our assets or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive from this or future offerings of equity, equity-related or debt securities or declaring taxable stock dividends. We cannot assure you that our distribution policy will not change in the future.
16
Common stock offered by us |
shares (1) |
Common stock to be outstanding after completion of this offering |
shares (1)(2) |
Use of proceeds |
We estimate that the net proceeds we will receive from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering will be approximately $ million, or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of common stock in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to acquire the Pier House Resort and to acquire additional properties in the ordinary course of business and, to a lesser extent, for general corporate purposes and working capital. See Use of Proceeds. |
NYSE Symbol |
AHP |
Distribution policy |
We intend to make quarterly distributions to our common stockholders consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any distributions made by us will be determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law, actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements and such other factors as our board of directs deems relevant. |
Ownership and transfer restrictions |
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2013. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, stockholders are generally restricted from owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares (whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding shares of common or capital stock without the prior consent of our board of directors. See Description of Our Capital StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer. |
Risk factors |
Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page and other information in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before investing in our common stock. |
17
(1) | Assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock. |
(2) | Does not include 8,776,153 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon redemption of common units of Ashford Prime OP issued to Ashford Trust OP in connection with the spin-off; 1,600,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance to Ashford Advisor under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan; 850,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance to our directors, executive officers and other Ashford Advisor employees under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan; any shares for which the common units of Ashford Prime OP we may issue to purchase the Pier House Resort or the Crystal Gateway Marriott may be redeemed; any shares we may issue to Ashford Advisor in payment of any portion of the incentive fee; and any shares for which common units of Ashford Prime OP we may issue to Ashford Advisor in payment of any portion of the incentive fee may be redeemed. |
18
SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
You should read the following summary historical and pro forma financial information in conjunction with Selected Historical Financial Information, Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the historical and pro forma combined consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The summary combined consolidated historical financial information is a combination of the historical financial information for the eight properties that were contributed to us as part of the separation and distribution. These properties and certain related assets and liabilities are reflected in the combined consolidated financial statements as if they were owned in an entity separate from Ashford Trust during such periods; however they were not owned in a separate legal entity during such periods.
We have not presented the historical financial information of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. because prior to the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013, it had no activity other than the issuance to Ashford TRS of 100 shares of common stock in connection with the initial capitalization of our company and activity in connection with the separation and distribution. Therefore, we do not believe a discussion of the historical results would be meaningful.
The summary historical combined consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 has been derived from the audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical combined consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2010 was derived from unaudited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The summary historical combined consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2013 and 2012 and the summary pro forma combined consolidated financial information for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been derived from the unaudited financial statements and unaudited pro forma financial statements, respectively, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical and pro forma financial information in this section is not intended to replace these audited and unaudited financial statements. In addition, the pro forma balance sheet and income statement data below have been adjusted to reflect the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott and the completion of this offering.
The summary historical and pro forma financial information below and the financial statements included in this prospectus do not necessarily reflect what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would have been if we had operated our initial eight properties, the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott as a stand-alone publicly traded company during all periods presented, and, accordingly, this historical and pro forma information should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.
19
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (1) |
9 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (2) |
Historical Combined
Consolidated |
10 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (1) |
9 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (2) |
Historical Combined
Consolidated |
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2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data |
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Revenue |
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Rooms |
$ | 170,291 | $ | 144,580 | $ | 132,852 | $ | 117,054 | $ | 209,879 | $ | 175,129 | $ | 160,811 | $ | 130,477 | $ | 114,940 | ||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
51,136 | 40,141 | 37,799 | 36,149 | 68,709 | 53,781 | 50,784 | 46,628 | 42,410 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | | | | | 5,341 | 5,435 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
10,727 | 8,813 | 7,737 | 6,827 | 12,933 | 10,969 | 9,593 | 9,545 | 10,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total hotel revenue |
232,154 | 193,534 | 178,388 | 160,030 | 291,521 | 239,879 | 221,188 | 191,991 | 172,830 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
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Hotel operating expenses: |
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Rooms |
38,058 | 31,796 | 30,183 | 26,666 | 46,995 | 39,103 | 37,001 | 31,429 | 28,625 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
34,661 | 27,153 | 25,323 | 23,847 | 45,601 | 35,870 | 33,377 | 30,341 | 28,382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
59,088 | 48,998 | 46,599 | 42,396 | 73,833 | 59,877 | 59,013 | 49,949 | 46,205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
9,263 | 8,105 | 7,651 | 6,700 | 11,470 | 9,921 | 9,360 | 7,246 | 6,514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total hotel expenses |
141,070 | 116,052 | 109,756 | 99,609 | 177,899 | 144,771 | 138,751 | 118,965 | 109,726 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
13,934 | 11,850 | 8,705 | 7,636 | 19,891 | 17,295 | 10,236 | 9,218 | 10,243 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
31,191 | 24,350 | 22,864 | 22,197 | 40,651 | 31,530 | 29,549 | 29,816 | 31,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
872 | 872 | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative (3) |
15,383 | 13,210 | 9,222 | 7,994 | 26,424 | 23,721 | 10,846 | 9,613 | 7,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total expenses |
202,450 | 166,334 | 150,547 | 137,436 | 264,865 | 217,317 | 189,382 | 167,612 | 159,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Operating income |
29,704 | 27,200 | 27,841 | 22,594 | 26,656 | 22,562 | 31,806 | 24,379 | 13,620 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
23 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 87 | 76 | 29 | 24 | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | 9,673 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(32,133 | ) | (27,240 | ) | (24,571 | ) | (23,422 | ) | (41,442 | ) | (34,812 | ) | (31,244 | ) | (31,803 | ) | (31,988 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | (1,971 | ) | (1,971 | ) | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(140 | ) | (140 | ) | (31 | ) | | | | | | (28 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
(4,517 | ) | (2,132 | ) | 1,287 | (809 | ) | (14,699 | ) | (12,174 | ) | 591 | 2,273 | (18,308 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,951 | ) | (2,376 | ) | (2,255 | ) | (3,287 | ) | (5,268 | ) | (4,549 | ) | (4,384 | ) | (2,636 | ) | (628 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
(7,468 | ) | (4,508 | ) | (968 | ) | (4,096 | ) | (19,967 | ) | (16,723 | ) | (3,793 | ) | (363 | ) | (18,936 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest |
575 | 575 | 575 | 471 | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | 989 | 2,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
2,434 | 1,389 | | | 7,314 | 6,169 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,459 | ) | $ | (2,544 | ) | $ | (393 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | $ | (13,405 | ) | $ | (11,306 | ) | $ | (4,545 | ) | $ | 626 | $ | (16,871 | ) | ||||||||||
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Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
(Unaudited | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash |
$ | 14,088 | $ | 18,032 | $ | 20,313 | $ | 16,451 | $ | 14,411 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
765,994 | 774,210 | 771,936 | 789,170 | 808,322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
832,746 | 849,257 | 847,280 | 863,418 | 862,908 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total indebtedness |
624,029 | 573,053 | 570,809 | 577,996 | 582,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
648,599 | 597,768 | 594,902 | 600,376 | 601,369 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total equity |
184,147 | 251,489 | 252,378 | 263,042 | 261,539 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
832,746 | 849,257 | 847,280 | 863,418 | 862,908 |
20
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (1) |
9 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (2) |
Historical Combined
Consolidated |
10 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (1) |
9 Properties
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated (2) |
Historical Combined
Consolidated |
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2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Data (unaudited): |
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Pro forma basic earnings per share |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.84 | ) | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per share |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.84 | ) | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
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Number of properties at period end (unaudited) |
10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (unaudited) |
$ | 60,965 | $ | 51,610 | $ | 48,328 | $ | 41,974 | $ | 68,730 | $ | 55,750 | $ | 56,195 | $ | 50,186 | $ | 41,517 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (4) (unaudited) |
78,566 | 66,970 | 61,349 | 53,281 | 94,542 | 78,570 | 73,040 | 66,292 | 53,065 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO (unaudited) |
28,234 | 23,308 | 22,992 | 16,387 | 24,322 | 17,300 | 22,080 | 17,612 | 10,884 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by: |
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Operating activities |
$ | 30,510 | $ | 21,725 | $ | 27,852 | $ | 15,395 | $ | 21,624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(17,380 | ) | (7,532 | ) | (11,944 | ) | (10,281 | ) | (22,695 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
(19,355 | ) | (12,612 | ) | (12,046 | ) | (3,074 | ) | (4,605 | ) |
(1) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(2) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the option to acquire the Pier House Resort and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(3) | Our corporate general and administrative expense following the spin-off will consist of direct general and administrative costs that we incur as well as reimbursable costs that Ashford Advisor incurs on our behalf. Without taking into account any additional growth of our company, including through acquisitions, we expect our annual corporate general and administrative costs for 2014 to range from approximately $4-5 million. We will also pay a base management fee of 0.70% times our total enterprise value to Ashford Advisor. Our total enterprise value as of December 15, 2013 was $1,115 million based on the definition of total enterprise value in the Advisory Agreement. As such, the annualized base management fee would be approximately $7.8 million based on that total enterprise value. We will also pay Ashford Advisor an incentive fee if our TSR exceeds the average TSR of our peer group as defined in the advisory agreement. The corporate general and administrative expense shown in this pro forma financial information includes allocated costs and expenses from Ashford Trust that we will not incur following the completion of the spin-off, as well as estimates of the base and incentive fees payable to Ashford Advisor, assuming that (i) the advisory agreement had been in effect, (ii) our company had the same TSR as Ashford Trust and (iii) our company had a total enterprise value based on a percentage of Ashford Trusts total enterprise value, during the periods presented. |
(4) | We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amounts for these hotels represent the total amounts for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. Also, Hotel EBITDA is calculated as if the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was operated as all other hotels for all periods presented, rather than as a triple-net lease through December 1, 2011. |
See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Hotel EBITDA and AFFO.
21
You should carefully consider the following risk factors in conjunction with the other information contained in this prospectus in evaluating us and our common stock. Any of the following risks, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Business and Properties
Our business is significantly influenced by the economies and other conditions in the specific markets in which we operate, particularly in the metropolitan areas where we have high concentrations of hotels.
Our hotels are located in the Washington DC, San Francisco, San Diego, Seattle, Dallas, Philadelphia and Tampa metropolitan areas. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse market conditions in these areas, including industry downturns, relocation of businesses and any oversupply of hotel rooms or a reduction in lodging demand. Adverse economic developments in the markets in which we have a concentration of hotels, or in any of the other markets in which we operate, or any increase in hotel supply or decrease in lodging demand resulting from the local, regional or national business climate, could adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects.
Our investments are concentrated in the hotel industry, and our business would be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector.
All of our investments are concentrated in the hotel industry. This concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in the hotel real estate sector to a greater extent than if our properties were more diversified across other sectors of the real estate industry.
The financial crisis and general economic slowdown, which began in late 2007, harmed the operating performance of the hotel industry generally. If these or similar events recur, our business may be harmed by declines in occupancy, average daily room rates and/or other operating revenues.
The performance of the lodging industry has been closely linked with the performance of the general economy and, specifically, growth in the U.S. GDP. We invest in hotels that are classified as luxury, upper-upscale and upscale. In an economic downturn, these types of hotels may be more susceptible to a decrease in revenue, as compared to hotels in other categories that have lower room rates. This characteristic may result from the fact that luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels generally target business and high-end leisure travelers. In periods of economic difficulties, business and leisure travelers may seek to reduce travel costs by limiting travel or seeking to reduce costs on their trips. Any economic recession will likely have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects.
We face risks related to changes in the global economic and political environment, including capital and credit markets.
Our business may be harmed by global economic conditions, which recently have been volatile. Political crises in individual countries or regions, including sovereign risk related to a deterioration in the creditworthiness of or a default by local governments, has contributed to this volatility. If the global economy experiences continued volatility or significant disruptions, such disruptions or volatility could hurt the U.S. economy and our business. More specifically, in addition to experiencing reduced demand for business and leisure travel because of a slow-down in the general economy, we could be harmed by disruptions resulting from tighter credit markets or by illiquidity resulting from an inability to access credit markets to obtain cash to support operations or make distributions to our stockholders as a result of global or international developments.
22
Failure of the hotel industry to exhibit sustained improvement or to improve as expected may adversely affect us.
A substantial part of our business plan is based on our belief that the lodging markets in which we invest will experience improving economic fundamentals in the future, despite the fact that fundamentals have already substantially improved over the last several years. In particular, our business strategy is dependent on our expectation that key industry performance indicators, especially RevPAR, will continue to improve. However, hotel industry fundamentals may not continue to improve and could deteriorate. In the event conditions in the industry do not sustain improvement or improve as we expect, or deteriorate, we may be adversely affected.
We invest in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments of the lodging market, which are highly competitive and generally subject to greater volatility than most other market segments and could negatively affect our profitability.
The luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments of the hotel business are highly competitive. Our hotel properties compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, amenities, service levels, reputation and reservations systems, among many factors. There are many competitors in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments, and many of these competitors may have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we have. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and rooms revenue at our hotels. Over-building in the lodging industry may increase the number of rooms available and may decrease occupancy and room rates. In addition, in periods of weak demand, as may occur during a general economic recession, our profitability may be negatively affected by the relatively high fixed costs of operating luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. If our hotels cannot compete effectively for guests, they will earn less revenue, which would result in lower cash available for us to meet debt service obligations, operating expenses, and make requisite distributions to stockholders.
Because we depend upon Ashford Advisor and its affiliates to conduct our operations, any adverse changes in the financial condition of Ashford Advisor or its affiliates or our relationship with them could hinder our operating performance.
We depend on Ashford Advisor to manage our assets and operations. Any adverse changes in the financial condition of Ashford Advisor or its affiliates or our relationship with Ashford Advisor could hinder its ability to manage us successfully.
We depend on Ashford Advisors key personnel with long-standing business relationships. The loss of Ashford Advisors key personnel could threaten our ability to operate our business successfully.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, upon the continued services of Ashford Advisors management team. In particular, the hotel industry experience of Messrs. Monty J. Bennett, Douglas A. Kessler, David A. Brooks, David J. Kimichik, Jeremy Welter, Mark L. Nunneley, Deric Eubanks and J. Robison Hays III, and the extent and nature of the relationships they have developed with hotel franchisors, operators, and owners and hotel lending and other financial institutions are critically important to the success of our business. The loss of services of one or more members of Ashford Advisors management team could harm our business and our prospects.
The amount of fees and incentives paid to Ashford Advisor may exceed the average of internalized expenses of our industry peers and the fees and incentives paid by other externally managed REITs to their advisors.
Pursuant to the advisory agreement between us and Ashford Advisor, we pay Ashford Advisor a quarterly base fee as well as an annual incentive fee based on total shareholder return versus our peer group. Because a portion of such fees are contingent on our performance, the fees we pay to Ashford Advisor may fluctuate over time. In addition, the amount of the base fee is based on our total enterprise value, including the aggregate
23
principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness; and therefore, the fee increases as our indebtedness increases. The base advisory fees paid by many other externally managed REITs are based on measures other than total enterprise value. We did not conduct arms-length negotiations of the terms of our advisory agreement, which we entered into in connection with the spin-off. The fees payable under our advisory agreement may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated on an arms-length basis with unaffiliated third parties. As a result, and due to the structure of our base fee and incentive fee arrangements with Ashford Advisor, there may be times when the total amount of fees and incentives paid to Ashford Advisor exceeds the average of internalized expenses of our industry peers and the fees and incentives paid by other externally managed REITs to their advisors.
We have no prior operating history, and the prior performance of Ashford Trust is not indicative of our future performance.
We have no prior operating history, and you should not rely on the performance of Ashford Trust or other real estate programs operated by Ashford Advisor to predict our future performance. We have presented information in this prospectus regarding the total returns of Ashford Trust as measured by the historical price of its common stock and its dividend history and the historical financial condition and results of operations of the portfolio of hotels Ashford Trust contributed to us. When considering this information you should consider that the historical results of Ashford Trust are not indicative of the future results that you should expect from us or our common stock. There are significant differences between Ashford Trust and us, and our financial condition and results of operations could vary significantly for the following reasons, among others:
| Ashford Trust did not contribute all of the hotels and other assets it owns to us. |
| Our investment, financing and other strategies differ from those of Ashford Trust. |
The operating performance of the hotels Ashford Trust contributed to us may decline and could adversely affect us. As described elsewhere in this prospectus, our future results are subject to many uncertainties and other factors that could cause our financial condition and results of operations to be materially different than that of Ashford Trust.
Our business strategy depends on acquiring additional hotels on attractive terms and the failure to do so or to otherwise manage our planned growth successfully may adversely affect our business and operating results.
We intend to acquire additional hotels in the future. We face significant competition for attractive investment opportunities from other well-capitalized investors, some of which have greater financial resources and greater access to debt and equity capital than we have. This competition increases as investments in real estate become increasingly attractive relative to other forms of investment. This competition could limit the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us. It may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms or on the terms contemplated in our business plan. As a result of such competition, we may be unable to acquire hotels that we deem attractive at prices that we consider appropriate or on terms that are satisfactory to us. If we do identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may not be able to successfully negotiate the terms of the acquisition. In addition, we expect to finance future acquisitions through a combination of borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility, the use of retained cash flows, property-level debt, and offerings of equity and debt securities, which may result in additional leverage or dilution to our stockholders. Any delay or failure on our part to identify, negotiate, finance on favorable terms, consummate and integrate such acquisitions could materially impede our growth.
In addition, we expect to compete to sell hotel properties. Availability of capital, the number of hotels available for sale and market conditions, all affect prices. We may not be able to sell hotel assets at our targeted price.
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There is no guarantee that Ashford Trust will sell us any of the properties that are subject to the right of first offer agreement or the option agreements.
We may not be able to acquire any of the properties that are subject to the right of first offer agreement, either because Ashford Trust does not elect to sell such properties or we are not in a position to acquire the properties when Ashford Trust elects to sell. Further, if we materially change our investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, no hotels acquired by Ashford Trust after the date of such change will be subject to the right of first offer. Also, if we exercise our right to purchase the properties subject to option agreements, Ashford Trust can terminate the option agreements if the value of the common units in our operating partnership payable in connection with such exercise (measured by the value of our common stock) decreases by more than 20% between the option exercise date and the closing date, and, in the case of exercise of the Pier House Resort option, Ashford Trust has elected to receive the purchase price in the form of common units in our operating partnership.
The option purchase price for the Pier House Resort may not be market price at the time the option is exercised.
If we exercise the option to purchase the Pier House Resort, the purchase price we pay for such hotel may be greater than the amount payable for a comparable property in a fully-marketed sale process. Pursuant to the option agreement related to the Pier House Resort, our purchase price for the hotel is determined based on the price that Ashford Trust paid for such hotel plus the cost of any owner-funded capital improvements made by Ashford Trust prior to our acquisition of the hotel. Accordingly, the purchase price we pay for such hotel may be greater than the amount payable for a comparable property in a fully-marketed sale process.
We may be unable to successfully integrate and operate acquired properties, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Even if we are able to make acquisitions on favorable terms, we may not be able to successfully integrate and operate them. We may be required to invest significant capital and resources after an acquisition to maintain or grow the properties that we acquire. In addition, we may need to adapt our management, administrative, accounting, and operational systems, or hire and retain sufficient operational staff, to integrate and manage successfully any future acquisitions of additional assets. These and other integration efforts may disrupt our operations, divert Ashford Advisors attention away from day-to-day operations and cause us to incur unanticipated costs. The difficulties of integration may be increased by the necessity of coordinating operations in geographically dispersed locations. Our failure to integrate successfully any acquisitions into our portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Further, acquired properties may have liabilities or adverse operating issues that we fail to discover through due diligence prior to the acquisition. The failure to discover such issues prior to such acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Because our board of directors and Ashford Advisor have broad discretion to make future investments, we may make investments that result in returns that are substantially below expectations or in net operating losses. In addition, our investment policies may be revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without a vote of our stockholders. Such discretion could result in investments with yield returns inconsistent with stockholders expectations.
We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from our separation from Ashford Trust.
We may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits that we expect will result from our separation from Ashford Trust or our realization of such benefits may be delayed or may not occur at all. For example, analysts and investors may not place a greater value on our company as a stand-alone REIT than on our businesses being a part of Ashford Trust.
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Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on a co-venturers financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
We own interests in two hotels through a joint venture and we do not have sole decision-making authority regarding these two properties. In addition, we may continue to co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring controlling or non-controlling interests in, or sharing responsibility for, managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. We may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding any future properties that we may hold in a partnership or joint venture. Investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt, suffer a deterioration in their financial condition or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, budgets, or financing, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by, or disputes with, partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers.
Hotel franchise or license requirements or the loss of a franchise could adversely affect us.
We must comply with operating standards, terms, and conditions imposed by the franchisors of the hotel brands under which our hotels operate. Franchisors periodically inspect their licensed hotels to confirm adherence to their operating standards. The failure of a hotel to maintain these standards could result in the loss or cancellation of a franchise license. With respect to operational standards, we rely on our property managers to conform to such standards. Franchisors may also require us to make certain capital improvements to maintain the hotel in accordance with system standards, the cost of which can be substantial. A franchisor could condition the continuation of a franchise based on the completion of capital improvements that Ashford Advisor or our board of directors determines is not economically feasible in light of general economic conditions, the operating results or prospects of the affected hotel or other circumstances. In that event, Ashford Advisor or our board of directors may elect to allow the franchise to lapse or be terminated, which could result in a termination charge as well as a change in brand franchising or operation of the hotel as an independent hotel. In addition, when the term of a franchise expires, the franchisor has no obligation to issue a new franchise.
The loss of a franchise could have a material adverse effect on the operations and/or the underlying value of the affected hotel because of the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. Any such material adverse effect on one or more of our hotels may, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Our reliance on third-party property managers, including Remington, to operate our hotels and for a substantial majority of our cash flow may adversely affect us.
Because federal income tax laws restrict REITs and their subsidiaries from operating or managing hotels, third parties must operate our hotels. A REIT may lease its hotels to taxable REIT subsidiaries in which the REIT can own up to a 100% interest. A taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) pays corporate-level income tax and may retain any after-tax income. A REIT must satisfy certain conditions to use the TRS structure. One of those conditions is that the TRS must hire, to manage the hotels, an eligible independent contractor (EIC) that is actively engaged in the trade or business of managing hotels for parties other than the REIT. An EIC cannot (i) own more than 35% of the REIT, (ii) be owned more than 35% by persons owning more than 35% of the REIT, or (iii) provide any income to the REIT (i.e., the EIC cannot pay fees to the REIT, and the REIT cannot own any debt or equity securities of the EIC). Accordingly, while we may lease hotels to a TRS that we own, the
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TRS must engage a third-party operator to manage the hotels. Thus, our ability to direct and control how our hotels are operated is less than if we were able to manage our hotels directly.
We are parties to hotel management agreements under which unaffiliated third-party property managers manage our hotels. We have also entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington contemplating Remingtons management of hotels we acquire in the future, including the Pier House Resort, if we exercise our option to acquire such hotel. We do not supervise any of the property managers or their respective personnel on a day-to-day basis. Without such supervision, our property managers may not manage our properties in a manner that is consistent with their respective obligations under the applicable management agreement or our obligations under our hotel franchise agreements, be negligent in their performance, engage in criminal or fraudulent activity, or otherwise default on their respective management obligations to us. If any of these events occur, our relationships with any franchisors may be damaged, we may be in breach of our franchise agreement, and we could incur liabilities resulting from loss or injury to our property or to persons at our properties. In addition, from time to time, disputes may arise between us and our third-party managers regarding their performance or compliance with the terms of the hotel management agreements, which in turn could adversely affect us. If we are unable to resolve such disputes through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to terminate our management agreement, litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution, the expense of which may be material and the outcome of which may harm our business, operating results or prospects.
Our management agreements could adversely affect our ability to sell or finance our hotel properties.
Our management agreements do not allow us to replace hotel managers on relatively short notice or with limited cost and also contain other restrictive covenants. We may enter into additional such agreements or acquire properties subject to such agreements in the future. For example, the terms of a management agreement may restrict our ability to sell a property unless the purchaser is not a competitor of the manager, assumes the management agreement and meets other conditions. Also, the terms of a long-term management agreement encumbering our property may reduce the value of the property. When we enter into or acquire properties subject to any such management agreements, we may be precluded from taking actions that we believe to be in our best interest and could incur substantial expense as a result.
All of our hotels currently operate under Marriott or Hilton brands; therefore, we are subject to risks associated with concentrating our portfolio in just two brand families.
All eight of our hotels utilize brands owned by Marriott or Hilton. (Remington will manage the Pier House Resort if we exercise our option to acquire that hotel.) As a result, our success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott and Hilton and their respective brands. We believe that building brand value is critical to increase demand and build customer loyalty. Consequently, if market recognition or the positive perception of Marriott and/or Hilton is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with the Marriott- and Hilton-branded hotels in our portfolio may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if our relationship with Marriott or Hilton were to deteriorate as a result of disputes regarding the management of our hotels or for other reasons, Marriott and/or Hilton might terminate its current management agreements or franchise licenses with us or decline to manage or provide franchise licenses for hotels we may acquire in the future.
If we cannot obtain additional capital, our growth will be limited.
We are required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, each year to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT. As a result, our retained earnings available to fund acquisitions, development, or other capital expenditures are nominal. As such, we rely upon the availability of additional debt or equity capital to fund these activities. Our long-term ability to grow through acquisitions or development, which is an important strategy for us, will be limited if we cannot obtain additional financing or equity capital. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain financing or equity capital, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing or obtain it on favorable terms.
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Two of our hotels are subject to ground leases; if we are found to be in breach of a ground lease or are unable to renew a ground lease, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
Two of our hotels are on land subject to ground leases. Accordingly, we only own a long-term leasehold or similar interest in those two hotels. If we are found to be in breach of a ground lease, we could lose the right to use the hotel. In addition, unless we can purchase a fee interest in the underlying land and improvements or extend the terms of these leases before their expiration, we will lose our right to operate these properties and our interest in the improvements upon expiration of the leases. We may not be able to renew any ground lease upon its expiration. Our ability to exercise any extension options relating to our ground leases is subject to the condition that we are not in default under the terms of the ground lease at the time that we exercise such options. If we lose the right to use a hotel due to a breach or non-renewal of the ground lease, we would be unable to derive income from such hotel and would be required to purchase an interest in another hotel to attempt to replace that income, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects.
We will not recognize any increase in the value of the land or improvements subject to our ground leases and may only receive a portion of compensation paid in any eminent domain proceeding with respect to the hotel.
Unless we purchase a fee interest in the land and improvements subject to our ground leases, we will not have any economic interest in the land or improvements at the expiration of our ground leases. As a result, we will not share in any increase in value of the land or improvements beyond the term of a ground lease, notwithstanding our capital outlay to purchase our interest in the hotel or fund improvements thereon, and will lose our right to use the hotel. Furthermore, if the state or federal government seizes a hotel subject to a ground lease under its eminent domain power, we may only be entitled to a portion of any compensation awarded for the seizure.
Tax indemnification obligations that will apply if we exercise our option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott hotel and then dispose of such hotel or reduce the debt encumbering such hotel below a specified threshold could limit our operating flexibility.
If we exercise our option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott hotel and then dispose of it in a taxable transaction or reduce the debt secured by that hotel below $43.3 million prior to July 13, 2016, Ashford Trust OP will be obligated to pay certain tax liabilities of the partners of the entity that originally contributed the hotel to Ashford Trust OP, under an existing tax reporting and protection agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Crystal Gateway option agreement, if we acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott we will be required to indemnify Ashford Trust OP for any such tax liabilities that it is required to pay because of our actions.
The potential tax liability generally consists of the aggregate federal, state and local income tax liability incurred by the partners of the original contributor to Ashford Trust (using an assumed combined federal, state and local income tax rate at the then-highest applicable marginal rate for such contributor) with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor under Section 704(c) of the Code. The terms of the original agreement, and accordingly the terms of our indemnification agreement with Ashford Trust OP, require the payment of a gross up of the tax indemnity payment for the amount of income taxes due as a result of the tax indemnity payment. While the tax indemnity obligations will not contractually limit our ability to conduct our business in the way we desire, if we elect to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott, we are less likely to dispose of it in a taxable transaction during the indemnity period. Instead, we would either hold the property for the remainder of the indemnity period or seek to transfer the property in a tax-deferred like-kind exchange. In addition, a condemnation of the property could trigger our tax indemnification obligations.
If we were to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott and then immediately dispose of it in a taxable transaction, our estimated total tax indemnification obligation to Ashford Trust OP, including the gross-up payment, would be approximately $35 million. See Certain Relationships and Related Person TransactionsAcquisition of the Initial PropertiesTax Indemnity.
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The expansion of our business into new markets outside of the United States will expose us to risks relating to owning hotels in those international markets.
As part of our business strategy, we may acquire hotels that meet our investment criteria and are located in international gateway markets. We may have difficulty managing our expansion into new geographic markets where we have limited knowledge and understanding of the local economy, an absence of business relationships in the area, or unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures and regulations. There are risks inherent in conducting business outside of the United States, which include risks related to:
| foreign employment laws and practices, which may increase the reimbursable costs incurred under our advisory agreement associated with international employees; |
| foreign tax laws, which may provide for income or other taxes or tax rates that exceed those of the U.S. and which may provide that foreign earnings that are repatriated, directly or indirectly, are subject to dividend withholding tax requirements or other restrictions; |
| compliance with and unexpected changes in regulatory requirements or monetary policy; |
| the willingness of domestic or international lenders to provide financing and changes in the availability, cost and terms of such financing; |
| adverse changes in local, political, economic and market conditions; |
| increased costs of insurance coverage related to terrorist events; |
| changes in interest rates and/or currency exchange rates; |
| regulations regarding the incurrence of debt; and |
| difficulties in complying with U.S. rules governing REITs while operating outside of the United States. |
Any of these factors could affect adversely our ability to obtain all of the intended benefits of expanding internationally. If we do not effectively manage this expansion and successfully integrate the international hotels into our organization, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Compliance with international laws and regulations may require us to incur substantial costs.
The operations of our international properties, if any, will be subject to a variety of U.S. and international laws and regulations, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Before we invest in international markets, we will adopt policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws, but we may not continue to be found to be operating in compliance with, or be able to detect violations of, any such laws or regulations. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international properties might be subject and the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.
Exchange rate fluctuations could affect adversely our financial results.
If we acquire hotels or conduct operations in an international jurisdiction, currency exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. If we have international operations, a portion of our revenue and expenses could be generated in foreign currencies such as the Euro, the Canadian dollar and the British pound sterling. Any steps we take to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies, such as entering into foreign exchange agreements or currency exchange hedging arrangements will not eliminate such risk entirely. To the extent that we are unable to match revenue received in foreign currencies with expenses paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, because our consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, if we generate revenues or earnings in other currencies, the conversion of such amounts into U.S. dollars can result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our revenues or earnings.
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For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies.
Upon the completion of the spin-off, we became subject to reporting and other obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). In April 2012, the Jump Start Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act) was enacted into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for emerging growth companies, including certain requirements relating to accounting standards and compensation disclosure. We are an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to:
| provide an auditors attestation report on managements assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
| comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards applicable to public companies until such standards are also applicable to private companies under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act; |
| comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the PCAOB) requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditors report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer; |
| comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 unless the SEC determines otherwise; |
| provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation; or |
| hold stockholder advisory votes on executive compensation. |
We are subject to financial reporting and other requirements for which the accounting, internal audit and other management systems and resources of our company and Ashford Advisor may not be adequately prepared and we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
Following the separation and distribution, we became subject to reporting and other obligations under the Exchange Act, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404(a) requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on the management, administrative, operational, internal audit and accounting resources of our company and those of Ashford Advisor and may cause us to incur significant expenses. We and/or Ashford Advisor may need to upgrade these systems or create new systems; implement additional financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures; expand the internal audit function; and hire additional accounting, internal audit and finance staff. If we and/or Ashford Advisor, as applicable, are unable to accomplish these objectives in a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with the financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies could be impaired. Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and stock price.
For as long as we are an emerging growth company under the recently enacted JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b). We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our managements assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation.
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Our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act may make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it.
Because of the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us as an emerging growth company and because we will have an extended transition period for complying with accounting standards that are newly issued or revised after April 5, 2012, our common stock may be less attractive to investors and it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry if they believe that our financial accounting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. Without access to additional capital, we may not be able to expand our business or take other actions we determine to be in our best interests. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and potential cyber attacks, security problems or other disruption and expanding social media vehicles present new risks.
Ashford Advisor and our hotel managers rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, reservations, billing and operating data. Ashford Advisor and our hotel managers may purchase some of our information technology from vendors, on whom our systems will depend, and Ashford Advisor will rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential operator and other customer information. We depend upon the secure transmission of this information over public networks. Ashford Advisors and hotel managers networks and storage applications could be subject to unauthorized access by hackers or others through cyber attacks, which are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly sophisticated, or by other means, or may be breached due to operator error, malfeasance or other system disruptions. In some cases, it will be difficult to anticipate or immediately detect such incidents and the damage they cause. Any significant breakdown, invasion, destruction, interruption or leakage of information from Ashford Advisors or hotel managers systems could harm our reputation and business.
In addition, the use of social media could cause us to suffer brand damage or information leakage. Negative posts or comments about us, our hotel managers or our hotels on any social networking website could damage our or our hotels reputations. In addition, employees or others might disclose non-public sensitive information relating to our business through external media channels. The continuing evolution of social media will present us with new challenges and risks.
Changes in laws, regulations, or policies may adversely affect our business.
The laws and regulations governing our business or the regulatory or enforcement environment at the federal level or in any of the states in which we operate may change at any time and may have an adverse effect on our business. For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as it is phased in over time, will significantly affect the administration of health care services and could significantly impact our hotel managers cost of providing employees with health care insurance. We are unable to predict how this or any other future legislative or regulatory proposals or programs will be administered or implemented or in what form, or whether any additional or similar changes to statutes or regulations, including the interpretation or implementation thereof, will occur in the future. Any such action could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways and could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Our inability to remain in compliance with regulatory requirements in a particular jurisdiction could have a material adverse effect on our operations in that market and on our reputation generally. Applicable laws or regulations may be amended or construed differently and new laws and regulations may be adopted, either of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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We may from time to time be subject to litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and trading price of our common stock.
We may from time to time be subject to litigation. Some of these claims may result in defense costs, settlements, fines or judgments against us, some of which may not be covered by insurance. Payment of any such costs, settlements, fines or judgments that are not insured could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. Negative publicity regarding claims or judgments made against us or involving our hotels may damage our, or our hotels, reputations. In addition, certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and/or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and directors.
Risks Related to our Debt Financing
Increases in interest rates could increase our debt payments.
As of September 30, 2013, we had approximately $624.0 million of outstanding indebtedness, including approximately $198.7 million of variable interest rate debt, and we expect to incur additional indebtedness, including additional variable-rate debt. If we exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort, assuming it is encumbered by its existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $693.0 million, including approximately $267.7 million of variable interest rate debt (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). If we exercise our options to acquire both the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott, assuming both are encumbered by their existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $810.7 million of debt, including approximately $267.7 million of variable interest rate debt (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). Increases in interest rates increase our interest costs on our variable-rate debt as well as any future fixed rate debt we may incur at higher interest rates, and interest we pay reduces our cash available for distributions, expansion, working capital and other uses. Moreover, periods of rising interest rates heighten the risks described immediately below under We may be unable to make required payments on our debt, and our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of debt we may incur.
We may be unable to make required payments on our debt, and our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of debt we may incur.
Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur, and we are subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that we may not be able to meet our debt service obligations or refinance our debt as it becomes due. We may not be able to refinance any maturing indebtedness, and any such refinancing may not be on terms as favorable as the terms of the maturing indebtedness. In addition, we may not be able to obtain funds by selling assets or raising equity to repay maturing indebtedness. We may not achieve our targeted low-leverage capital structure and limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred equity, less cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, to not more than 5.0x EBITDA, for the 12-month period preceding the incurrence of such debt or the issuance of such preferred equity, for a substantial period of time.
If we do not meet our debt service obligations, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on the foreclosure but would not receive any cash proceeds. As a result, we may be required to identify and utilize other sources of cash for distributions to our stockholders of that income.
Our future indebtedness may be cross-collateralized and, consequently, a default on any such indebtedness could cause us to lose part or all of our investment in multiple properties.
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Under the Advisory Agreement, Ashford Advisor is entitled to receive a quarterly base fee from us that is based on our total enterprise value. This fee increases as the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners proportionate share of consolidated debt) increases. As a result, any increase in our consolidated indebtedness will also increase the fees we pay to Ashford Advisor. The structure of this fee may incentivize Ashford Advisor to increase our indebtedness when it is not in the best interest of our stockholders to do so.
In addition, changes in economic conditions, our financial condition or operating results or prospects could:
| result in higher interest rates on our variable-rate debt, |
| reduce the availability of debt financing generally or debt financing at favorable rates, |
| reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders, or |
| increase the risk that we could be forced to liquidate assets to repay debt. |
Covenants, cash trap provisions or other terms in our mortgage loans and our secured revolving credit facility, as well as any future credit facility, could limit our flexibility and adversely affect our financial condition or our qualification as a REIT.
Some of our loan agreements and our secured revolving credit facility contain financial and other covenants. If we violate covenants in any debt agreements, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may also prohibit us from borrowing unused amounts under our lines of credit, even if repayment of some or all the borrowings is not required. In addition, financial covenants under our current or future debt obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow beyond certain amounts or for certain purposes.
Some of our loan agreements also contain cash trap provisions that are triggered if the performance of our hotels decline. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by our hotels is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of our various lenders. Cash is not distributed to us at any time after the cash trap provisions have been triggered until we have cured performance issues. This could affect our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. If we are not able to make distributions to our stockholders, we may not qualify as a REIT. See Material Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsDistribution Requirements.
Our hedging strategies may not be successful in mitigating our risks associated with interest rates and could reduce the overall returns on your investment.
We expect to use various derivative financial instruments to protect us against interest rate risks. The use of derivative financial instruments to hedge against such risk involves numerous uncertainties, such as the risk that the counterparties fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes and that a court could rule that such agreements are not legally enforceable. These instruments may also generate income that may not be treated as qualifying REIT income. In addition, the nature and timing of hedging transactions may influence the effectiveness of our hedging strategies. Poorly designed strategies or improperly executed transactions could actually increase our risk and losses. Moreover, hedging strategies involve transaction and other costs. Our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use may not adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility and our hedging transactions could result in losses that may reduce the overall return on your investment in our company.
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Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Our separation and distribution agreement, our advisory agreement, the mutual exclusivity agreement, the master management agreement and other agreements entered into in connection with the spin-off were not negotiated on an arms-length basis, and we may pursue less vigorous enforcement of their terms because of conflicts of interest with certain of our executive officers and directors and key employees of Ashford Advisor.
Because our officers and two of our directors are also key employees of Ashford Advisor or its affiliates and have ownership interests in Ashford Trust, our separation and distribution agreement, our advisory agreement, mutual exclusivity agreement and other agreements entered into in connection with the separation and distribution were not negotiated on an arms-length basis, and we did not have the benefit of arms-length negotiations of the type normally conducted with an unaffiliated third party. As a result, the terms, including fees and other amounts payable, may not be as favorable to us as the terms under an arms-length agreement. Furthermore, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under these agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with Ashford Advisor and Remington.
Termination by us of our advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor without cause would be difficult and costly.
The initial term of our advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor ends on November 19, 2018, and will be extended automatically for one-year renewal terms on each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated. Our board will review Ashford Advisors performance and fees annually and, following the five-year initial term the advisory agreement may be terminated by us with 180 days prior notice upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors based upon a good faith finding that either: (1) there has been unsatisfactory performance by Ashford Advisor that is materially detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole, or (2) the base fee and/or incentive fee is not fair (and Ashford Advisor does not offer to negotiate a lower fee that two-thirds of our independent directors determine is fair).
If we terminate the advisory agreement, Ashford Advisor will be paid a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual base and incentive fees for the 24-month period immediately preceding the termination. Additionally, if a change of control transaction is conditioned upon the termination of the advisory agreement, we will have the right to terminate the advisory agreement upon the payment of a termination fee equal to either:
| if Ashford Advisors common stock is not publicly traded, 14 times the earnings of Ashford Advisor attributable to our advisory agreement less costs and expenses (the net earnings) for the 12 months preceding termination of the advisory agreement; or |
| if at the time of the termination notice, Ashford Advisors common stock is publicly traded separate from the common stock of Ashford Trust, 1.1 multiplied by the greater of (i) 12 times the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement or (ii) the earnings multiple (based on net earnings after taxes) for Ashford Advisors common stock for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement multiplied by the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the same 12 month period; or (iii) the simple average of the earnings multiples (based on net earnings after taxes) for Ashford Advisors common stock for each of the three fiscal years preceding the termination of the advisory agreement, multiplied by the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement; |
plus, in either case, a gross-up amount for assumed federal and state tax liability, based on an assumed tax rate of 40%. Any such termination fee will be payable on or before the termination date. The obligation to pay this termination fee increases the cost to us of terminating our advisory agreement, which adversely affects our ability to terminate Ashford Advisor without cause.
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Ashford Advisor is owned by Ashford Trust and may be able to direct attractive investment opportunities to Ashford Trust and away from us.
Ashford Advisor is a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, a publicly-traded hotel REIT, with investment objectives that are similar to ours. So long as Ashford Advisor is our external advisor, our governing documents require us to include two persons designated by Ashford Advisor as candidates for election as director at any stockholder meeting at which directors are to be elected. Each of our executive officers and two of our directors also serve as key employees and as officers of Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust. Furthermore, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, is also the chief executive officer and chairman of Ashford Trust. Our advisory agreement requires Ashford Advisor to present investments that satisfy our investment guidelines to us before presenting them to Ashford Trust or any future client of Ashford Advisor. Our board may modify or supplement our investment guidelines from time to time so long as we do not change our investment guidelines in such a way as to be directly competitive with all or any portion of Ashford Trusts investment guidelines as of the date of the advisory agreement. If we materially change our investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, then Ashford Advisor will not have an obligation to present investment opportunities and instead Ashford Advisor will use its best judgment to allocate investment opportunities to us and other entities it advises, taking into account such factors as Ashford Advisor deems relevant, in its discretion, subject to any then existing obligations of Ashford Advisor to such other entities. However, some portfolio investment opportunities may include hotels that satisfy our investment objectives as well as hotels that satisfy the investment objectives of Ashford Trust or other entities advised by Ashford Advisor. If the portfolio cannot be equitably divided, Ashford Advisor will necessarily have to make a determination as to which entity will be presented with the opportunity. In such a circumstance, our advisory agreement requires Ashford Advisor to allocate portfolio investment opportunities between us and Ashford Trust or other entities advised by Ashford Advisor in a fair and equitable manner, consistent with our, Ashford Trusts and such other entities investment objectives. In making this determination, Ashford Advisor, using substantial discretion, is required to consider the investment strategy and guidelines of each entity with respect to acquisition of properties, portfolio concentrations, tax consequences, regulatory restrictions, liquidity requirements, leverage and other factors deemed appropriate. In making the allocation determination, Ashford Advisor has no obligation to make any such investment opportunity available to us. Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust have agreed that any new investment opportunities that satisfy our investment guidelines will be presented to our board of directors; however, our board will have only ten business days to make a determination with respect to such opportunity prior to it being available to Ashford Trust. The above mentioned dual responsibilities may create conflicts of interest for our officers that could result in decisions or allocations of investments that may benefit Ashford Trust more than they benefit our company, and Ashford Trust may compete with us with respect to certain investments that we may want to acquire.
Ashford Advisor and its key employees, who are our executive officers, face competing demands relating to their time and this may adversely affect our operations.
We rely on Ashford Advisor and its employees for the day-to-day operation of our business. Ashford Advisor is owned by Ashford Trust, and each of the key employees of Ashford Advisor are executive officers of Ashford Trust. Because Ashford Advisors key employees have duties to Ashford Trust as well as to our company, we do not have their undivided attention and they face conflicts in allocating their time and resources between our company and Ashford Trust. Ashford Advisor may also manage other entities in the future. During turbulent market conditions or other times when we need focused support and assistance from Ashford Advisor, other entities for which Ashford Advisor also acts as an external advisor or Ashford Trust may likewise require greater focus and attention, placing competing high levels of demand on the limited time and resources of Ashford Advisors key employees. We may not receive the necessary support and assistance we require or would otherwise receive if we were internally managed by persons working exclusively for us.
We must pay a minimum advisory fee to Ashford Advisor regardless of our performance.
Ashford Advisor is entitled to receive a quarterly base fee from us that is based on our total enterprise value (as defined in our advisory agreement), regardless of the performance of our portfolio. Ashford Advisors
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entitlement to nonperformance-based compensation might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio.
Conflicts of interest with Remington could result in our hotel-level management acting other than in our stockholders best interest.
We expect Remington will manage certain of the hotels we acquire in the future, including Pier House Resort if we exercise our option to acquire that hotel. We intend to use the proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. Conflicts of interest in general and specifically relating to Remington may lead to management decisions that are not in our stockholders best interest. Our chief executive officer and chairman, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, serves as the chief executive officer of Remington. Mr. Monty J. Bennett and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., beneficially own 100% of Remington.
We entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement and a master management agreement with Remington. To the extent we have the right or control the right to direct such matters, the exclusivity agreement requires us to engage Remington to provide certain project management and development services for our initial properties and to engage Remington to provide, under the master management agreement, property management, project management and development services for all future properties that we acquire, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington, or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington because they have determined, in their reasonable business judgment, that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. As one of the two beneficial owners of Remington, which would receive any property management, project management, development and termination fees payable by us under the master management agreement, Mr. Monty J. Bennett may influence our decisions to sell, acquire, or develop hotels when it is not in the best interest of our stockholders to do so.
Mr. Monty J. Bennetts ownership interests in and management obligations to Remington present him with conflicts of interest in making management decisions related to the commercial arrangements between us and Remington, and his management obligations to Remington reduce the time and effort he spends managing our company. Our board of directors has adopted a policy that requires all material approvals, actions or decisions which we have the right to make under the master management agreement with Remington be approved by a majority or, in certain circumstances, all, of our independent directors. However, given the authority and/or operational latitude provided to Remington under the master management agreement, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, as the chief executive officer of Remington, could take actions or make decisions that are not in our stockholders best interest or that are otherwise inconsistent with his obligations to us under the master management agreement or our obligations under the applicable franchise agreements.
Remingtons ability to exercise significant influence over the determination of the competitive set for any hotels managed by Remington could artificially enhance the perception of the performance of a hotel, making it more difficult to use managers other than Remington for future properties.
Under our master management agreement with Remington, we have the right to terminate Remington based on the performance of the applicable hotel, subject to the payment of a termination fee. The determination of performance is based on the applicable hotels gross operating profit margin and its RevPAR penetration index, which provides the relative revenue per room generated by a specified property as compared to its competitive set. For each hotel managed by Remington, its competitive set consists of a small group of hotels in the relevant market that we and Remington believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. Remington has significant influence over the determination of the competitive set for any of our hotels that it manages. Remington could artificially enhance the perception of the performance of a hotel by selecting a competitive set that is not performing well or is not comparable to the Remington-managed hotel, thereby making it more difficult for us to elect not to use Remington for future hotel management.
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Remington may be able to pursue lodging investment opportunities that compete with us.
Pursuant to the terms of our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington, if investment opportunities that satisfy our investment criteria are identified by Remington or its affiliates, Remington will give us a written notice and description of the investment opportunity. We will have 10 business days to either accept or reject the investment opportunity. If we reject the opportunity, Remington may then pursue such investment opportunity, subject to a right of first refusal in favor of Ashford Trust pursuant to an existing agreement between Ashford Trust and Remington, on materially the same terms and conditions as offered to us. If we reject such an investment opportunity, either Ashford Trust or Remington could pursue the opportunity and compete with us. In such a case, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, in his capacity as chairman and chief executive officer of Ashford Trust or as chief executive officer of Remington could be in a position of directly competing with us, and Remington may compete with us with respect to certain investments that we may want to acquire.
Our fiduciary duties as the general partner of our operating partnership could create conflicts of interest, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
As the general partner of our operating partnership, we have fiduciary duties to the other limited partners in our operating partnership, the discharge of which may conflict with the interests of our stockholders. The limited partners of our operating partnership have agreed that, in the event of a conflict in the fiduciary duties owed by us to our stockholders and, in our capacity as general partner of our operating partnership, to such limited partners, we are under no obligation to give priority to the interests of such limited partners. In addition, persons holding common units have the right to vote on certain amendments to the operating partnership agreement (which require approval by a majority in interest of the limited partners, including us) and individually to approve certain amendments that would adversely affect their rights. These voting rights may be exercised in a manner that conflicts with the interests of our stockholders. For example, we cannot modify the rights of limited partners to receive distributions as set forth in the operating partnership agreement in a manner that adversely affects their rights without their consent, even though such modification might be in the best interest of our stockholders.
In addition, conflicts may arise when the interests of our stockholders and the limited partners of our operating partnership diverge, particularly in circumstances in which there may be an adverse tax consequence to the limited partners. Tax consequences to holders of common units upon a sale or refinancing of our properties may cause the interests of Ashford Trust or the key employees of Ashford Advisor (who are executive officers of Ashford Trust and have ownership interests in Ashford Trust) to differ from our stockholders. As a result of unrealized built-in gain attributable to contributed property at the time of contribution, some holders of common units, including Ashford Trust, may suffer different and more adverse tax consequences than holders of our common stock upon the sale or refinancing of the properties owned by our operating partnership, including disproportionately greater allocations of items of taxable income and gain upon a realization event. As those holders will not receive a correspondingly greater distribution of cash proceeds, they may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing, timing and other material terms of any sale or refinancing of certain properties, or whether to sell or refinance such properties at all. As a result, Ashford Advisor, which is owned by Ashford Trust, may cause us to sell, not sell or refinance certain properties, even if such actions or inactions might be financially advantageous to our stockholders, or to enter into tax deferred exchanges with the proceeds of such sales when such a reinvestment might not otherwise be in our best interest.
Our conflicts of interest policy may not adequately address all of the conflicts of interest that may arise with respect to our activities.
We have adopted a conflicts of interest policy to address specifically some of the conflicts relating to our activities which requires the approval of a majority of our disinterested directors to approve any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our directors or officers, Ashford Advisor or its employees or Ashford
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Trust has an interest. This policy may not be adequate to address all of the conflicts that may arise. In addition, it may not address such conflicts in a manner that is favorable to us.
Risks Related to Hotel Investments
We are subject to general risks associated with operating hotels.
We own hotel properties, which have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets and a hotel REIT is structured differently than many other types of REITs. A typical office property, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provides a relatively stable long-term stream of revenue. Hotels, on the other hand, generate revenue from guests that typically stay at the hotel for only a few nights, which causes the room rate and occupancy levels at each of our hotels to change every day, and results in earnings that can be highly volatile.
In addition, our hotels are subject to various operating risks common to the hotel industry, many of which are beyond our control, including, among others, the following:
| competition from other hotel properties in our markets; |
| over-building of hotels in our markets, which results in increased supply and adversely affects occupancy and revenues at our hotels; |
| dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism; |
| increases in operating costs due to inflation, increased energy costs and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates; |
| changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing; |
| increases in assessed property taxes from changes in valuation or real estate tax rates; |
| increases in the cost of property insurance; |
| changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance; |
| unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns which could reduce travel, including pandemics and epidemics such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu), avian bird flu and SARS, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel-related accidents, travel infrastructure interruptions and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes; |
| adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions and increases in energy costs or labor costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists; |
| adverse effects of a downturn in the lodging industry; and |
| risks generally associated with the ownership of hotel properties and real estate, as we discuss in more detail below. |
These factors could adversely affect our hotel revenues and expenses, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We may have to make significant capital expenditures to maintain our hotel properties, and any development activities we undertake may be more costly than we anticipate.
Our hotels have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Managers or franchisors of our hotels also require that
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we make periodic capital improvements pursuant to our management agreements or as a condition of maintaining franchise licenses. Generally, we are responsible for the cost of these capital improvements. As part of our long-term growth strategy, we may also develop hotels. Hotel renovation and development involves substantial risks, including:
| construction cost overruns and delays; |
| the disruption of operations and displacement of revenue at operating hotels, including revenue lost while rooms, restaurants or meeting space under renovation are out of service; |
| the cost of funding renovations or developments and inability to obtain financing on attractive terms; |
| the return on our investment in these capital improvements or developments failing to meet expectations; |
| inability to obtain all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy, and construction permits; |
| loss of substantial investment in a development project if a project is abandoned before completion; |
| environmental problems; and |
| disputes with franchisors or property managers regarding compliance with relevant franchise agreements or management agreements. |
If we have insufficient cash flow from operations to fund needed capital expenditures, then we will need to borrow, sell assets or sell additional equity securities to fund future capital improvements.
The hotel business is seasonal, which affects our results of operations from quarter to quarter.
The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. This seasonality can cause quarterly fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results, including in the amount available for distributions on our common stock. Our quarterly operating results may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors in certain markets in which we operate. Our cash flows may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur as a result of these fluctuations. As a result, we may have to reduce distributions or enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to make distributions to our stockholders. Such borrowings may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.
The cyclical nature of the lodging industry may cause fluctuations in our operating performance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
The lodging industry historically has been highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, hotel operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the lodging industrys performance, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. An adverse change in lodging fundamentals could result in returns that are substantially below our expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Many of our real estate-related costs are fixed, and will not decrease even if revenue from our hotels decreases.
Many costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance premiums and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced even when a hotel is not fully occupied, room rates decrease or other circumstances cause a reduction in revenues. In addition, newly acquired or renovated hotels may not produce the revenues we anticipate immediately, or at all, and the hotels operating cash flow may be insufficient to pay the operating expenses and
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debt service associated with these new hotels. If we are unable to offset real estate costs with sufficient revenues across our portfolio, our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may adversely affect our profitability.
Some of our hotel rooms are booked through Internet travel intermediaries, including, but not limited to, Travelocity.com, Expedia.com and Priceline.com. As Internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from our management companies. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality (such as three-star downtown hotel) at the expense of brand identification. These intermediaries hope that consumers will eventually develop brand loyalties to their reservations system rather than to the brands under which our properties are franchised. If the amount of sales made through Internet intermediaries increases significantly and results in a decrease in consumer loyalty to the brands under which our hotels are franchised, our rooms revenues may be lower than expected, and our profitability may be adversely affected.
Our revenues and profitability may be adversely affected by increased use of business-related technology, which may reduce the need for business-related travel.
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, hotel room demand may decrease and our revenues, profitability and ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could materially and adversely affect our business.
Previous terrorist attacks and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the U.S. travel and hospitality industries since 2001, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy. The extent of the impact that actual or threatened terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be determined, but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on travel and hotel demand, our ability to finance our business and our ability to insure our hotels. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, our operating results and our prospects.
We are subject to risks associated with the employment of hotel personnel, particularly with respect to hotels that employ unionized labor.
Our third-party managers are responsible for hiring and maintaining the labor force at each of our hotels. Although we do not directly employ or manage employees at our hotels, we still are subject to many of the costs and risks generally associated with the hotel labor force, particularly with respect to hotels with unionized labor. From time to time, hotel operations may be disrupted as a result of strikes, lockouts, public demonstrations or other negative actions and publicity. We also may incur increased legal costs and indirect labor costs as a result of contract disputes or other events. The resolution of labor disputes or re-negotiated labor contracts could lead to increased labor costs, either by increases in wages or benefits or by changes in work rules that raise hotel operating costs. We do not have the ability to affect the outcome of these disputes.
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Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties and harm our financial condition.
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to sell promptly one or more hotel properties for reasonable prices in response to changing economic, financial, and investment conditions is limited.
The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:
| adverse changes in international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions; |
| changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost, and terms of debt financing; |
| changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies, and zoning and other ordinances, and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning and other ordinances; |
| the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures; |
| changes in operating expenses; and |
| civil unrest, acts of war or terrorism, and acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured and underinsured losses. |
We may decide to sell hotel properties in the future. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We may not have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In addition, when we acquire a hotel property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These and other factors could impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties or a need for liquidity.
Increases in property taxes would increase our operating costs, reduce our income and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Each of our hotel properties is subject to real and personal property taxes. These taxes may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. If property taxes increase, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be materially and adversely affected and the market price of our common stock could decline.
The costs of compliance with or liabilities under environmental laws may harm our operating results.
Operating expenses at our hotels could be higher than anticipated due to the cost of complying with existing or future environmental laws and regulations. In addition, our hotel properties may be subject to environmental liabilities. An owner or operator of real property can face liability for environmental contamination created by the presence or discharge of hazardous substances on the property. We may face liability regardless of:
| our knowledge of the contamination; |
| the timing of the contamination; |
| the cause of the contamination; or |
| the party responsible for the contamination. |
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There may be environmental problems associated with our hotel properties of which we are unaware. Some of our hotel properties use, or may have used in the past, underground tanks for the storage of petroleum-based or waste products that could create a potential for release of hazardous substances. If environmental contamination exists on a hotel property, we could become subject to strict, joint and several liabilities for the contamination if we own the property.
The discovery of material environmental liabilities at our properties could subject us to unanticipated significant costs. The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property on favorable terms or at all, and we may incur substantial remediation costs.
Our environmental insurance policies may not provide sufficient coverage for any environmental liabilities at our properties. In addition, if environmental liabilities are discovered during the underwriting of the insurance policies for any property that we acquire in the future, we may be unable to obtain insurance coverage for the liabilities at commercially reasonable rates or at all. We may experience losses as a result of any of these events.
Numerous treaties, laws and regulations have been enacted to regulate or limit carbon emissions. Changes in the regulations and legislation relating to climate change, and complying with such laws and regulations, may require us to make significant investments in our hotels and could result in increased energy costs at our properties.
Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. Some of the properties in our portfolio may contain microbial matter such as mold and mildew. As a result, the presence of significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property. In addition, the presence of significant mold could expose us to liability from hotel guests, hotel employees, and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire, safety, and other regulations may require us to incur substantial costs.
All of our properties are required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (the ADA). The ADA requires that public accommodations, such as hotels, be made accessible to people with disabilities. Compliance with the ADAs requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants, or both. In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes, and other land use regulations as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. Any requirement to make substantial modifications to our hotel properties, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, could be costly.
We may experience uninsured or underinsured losses.
We maintain property and casualty insurance with respect to our hotel properties and other insurance, in each case, with loss limits and coverage thresholds deemed reasonable by our management team (and to satisfy the requirements of lenders and franchisors). In doing so, we make decisions with respect to what deductibles, policy limits, and terms are reasonable based on managements experience, our risk profile, the loss history of
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our property managers and our properties, the nature of our properties and our businesses, our loss prevention efforts, and the cost of insurance.
Various types of catastrophic losses may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable. In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors might cause insurance proceeds to be insufficient to fully replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Accordingly, it is possible that:
| the insurance coverage thresholds that we have obtained may not fully protect us against insurable losses (i.e., losses may exceed coverage limits); |
| we may incur large deductibles that adversely affect our earnings; |
| we may incur losses from risks that are not insurable or that are not economically insurable; and |
| current coverage thresholds may not continue to be available at reasonable rates. |
In the future, we may choose not to maintain terrorism insurance on any of our properties. As a result, one or more large uninsured or underinsured losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Each of our current lenders requires us to maintain certain insurance coverage thresholds. If a lender does not believe we have complied with these requirements, the lender could obtain additional coverage thresholds and seek payment from us, or declare us in default under the loan documents. In the former case, we could spend more for insurance than we otherwise deem reasonable or necessary or, in the latter case, the hotels collateralizing one or more loans could be foreclosed upon. In addition, a material casualty to one or more hotels collateralizing loans may result in the insurance company applying to the outstanding loan balance insurance proceeds that otherwise would be available to repair the damage caused by the casualty, which would require us to fund the repairs through other sources, The lender may also foreclose on the hotels if there is a material loss that is not insured.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Our charter contains provisions that may delay or prevent a change of control transaction.
Our charter contains 9.8% ownership limits. For the purpose of preserving our REIT qualification, our charter prohibits direct or constructive ownership by any person of more than:
| 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of our common stock, or |
| 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock or any other stock of our company, |
unless our board of directors grants a waiver.
Our charters constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our common stock by an individual or entity could nevertheless cause that individual or entity to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of the outstanding common stock, and thus be subject to our charters ownership limit. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock in excess of the ownership limit without the consent of our board of directors will be void, and could result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust.
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Our board of directors may create and issue a class or series of preferred stock without stockholder approval.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to issue preferred stock in one or more classes and to establish the preferences and rights of any class of preferred stock issued. These actions can be taken without soliciting stockholder approval. Our preferred stock issuances could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from taking control of us, even if our stockholders believe that a change in control was in their best interests.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.
Provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes in our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include, among others:
| redemption rights of qualifying parties; |
| transfer restrictions on our common units; |
| the ability of the general partner in some cases to amend the partnership agreement without the consent of the limited partners; and |
| the right of the limited partners to consent to transfers of the general partnership interest and mergers of the operating partnership under specified circumstances. |
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (MGCL) permits our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to implement certain takeover defenses. To the extent we implement these takeover defenses, they may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our company or of delaying, deterring or preventing a charge in control of our company under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price.
In addition, certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock, including:
| business combination provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an interested stockholder (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate thereof) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter impose special appraisal rights and special stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and |
| control share provisions that provide that control shares of our company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a control share acquisition (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of control shares) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. |
Our charter, bylaws, the partnership agreement for our operating partnership and Maryland law contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. See Material
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Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and BylawsThe Board of Directors, Business Combinations, Control Share Acquisitions, Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act, Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business and Partnership Agreement.
Our board of directors can take many actions without stockholder approval.
Our board of directors has overall authority to oversee our operations and determine our major corporate policies. This authority includes significant flexibility. For example, our board of directors can do the following:
| terminate Ashford Advisor under certain conditions pursuant to our advisory agreement; |
| amend or revise at any time and from time to time our investment, financing, borrowing and dividend policies and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, debt, capitalization and operations; |
| amend our policies with respect to conflicts of interest provided that such changes are consistent with applicable legal requirements; |
| subject to the terms of our charter, prevent the ownership, transfer and/or accumulation of shares in order to protect our status as a REIT or for any other reason deemed to be in the best interests of us and our stockholders; |
| issue additional shares without obtaining stockholder approval, which could dilute the ownership of our then-current stockholders; |
| amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series, without obtaining stockholder approval; |
| classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of such classified or reclassified shares, without obtaining stockholder approval; |
| employ and compensate affiliates; |
| direct our resources toward investments that do not ultimately appreciate over time; and |
| determine that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT. |
Any of these actions could increase our operating expenses, impact our ability to make distributions or reduce the value of our assets without giving you, as a stockholder, the right to vote on whether we should take such actions.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter eliminates our directors and officers liability to us and our stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. Our charter requires us to indemnify our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law for liability actually incurred in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party, except to the extent that the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was either committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services, or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. As a result,
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we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers if actions are taken against them in their capacity as directors and officers.
Risks Related to this Offering
The shares of common stock issued in this offering and securities eligible for future sale, including the 20% of our company that Ashford Trust OP owns on a fully diluted basis as of December 18, 2013, may adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Our common stock has only traded on the NYSE since November 20, 2013. Assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares, we are selling shares of our common stock in this offering, an amount equal to % of common stock outstanding prior to the offering. Also, the three-month average trading volume in our common stock as reported by the NYSE as of December 17, 2013 was only 270,911 shares per day. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of this offering or of future sales of securities, or the availability of securities for future sales, on the market price of our outstanding securities. The shares of our common stock that Ashford Trust distributed to its stockholders in the spin-off generally may be sold immediately in the public market. Some Ashford Trust stockholders, including possibly some of our large stockholders, may sell our common stock that they received in the distribution for a variety of reasons. For example, Ashford Trust stockholders may sell our stock because our business profile or market capitalization as an independent company does not fit their investment objectives or because our common stock is not included in certain indices after the distribution. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or upon exchange of the common units owned by Ashford Trust OP or others, or speculation that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the liquidity of the market for our common stock or the prevailing market price of our common stock. In addition, the exchange of common units for common stock, the exercise of any stock options or the vesting of any restricted stock granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan, the issuance of our common stock or common units in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common stock or common units could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Ashford Trust OP owns common units constituting 20% of our company on a fully diluted basis as of December 18, 2013. Beginning one year from the issuance date, these common units may be redeemed by Ashford Trust OP for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Ashford Trust OP is a party to an agreement that provides for registration rights with respect to shares issued upon redemption of the common units. So long as Ashford Trust OP or Ashford Trust retains significant ownership in us and is able to sell such shares in the public markets, the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected. Moreover, the existence of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance as restricted shares or upon exchange of options or common units may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. Any future sales by us of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
Each of our executive officers and directors and certain other existing security holders (including Ashford Trust OP) have entered into lock-up agreements with respect to their shares of common stock and common units of our operating partnership, restricting the sale of their shares and units, for 90 days. The representatives, at any time, may release all or a portion of the shares and units subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. If the restrictions under such agreements are waived, the affected shares may be available for sale into the market, which could reduce the market price for our common stock.
Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our stock.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. Some of the factors that could affect our stock price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
| actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results; |
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| changes in our operations or earnings estimates or publication of research reports about us or the industry; |
| changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
| adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the future; |
| additions or departures of key management personnel; |
| actions by institutional stockholders; |
| failure to meet and maintain REIT qualification; |
| speculation in the press or investment community; and |
| general market and economic conditions. |
In addition, the stock market has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and may have been unrelated to operating performances of these companies. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common stock.
Our cash available for distribution to stockholders may be insufficient to pay distributions at any particular levels or in amounts sufficient to maintain our REIT qualification, and we may borrow funds to make distributions.
As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. However, all distributions will be authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and will depend upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law, actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements and such other factors as our board deems relevant. Our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus.
In the event of downturns in our financial condition or operating results, economic conditions or otherwise, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our stockholders to the extent required to maintain our REIT qualification. We may be required either to fund distributions from borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility or to reduce our distributions. If we borrow to fund distributions, our interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been.
We may elect to pay dividends on our common stock in cash or a combination of cash and shares of securities as permitted under federal income tax laws governing REIT distribution requirements. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital. To the extent that we make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for federal income tax purposes), such distributions would generally be considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the holders adjusted tax basis in its shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it has the effect of reducing the holders adjusted tax basis in its investment. To the extent that distributions exceed the adjusted tax basis of a holders shares, they will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such stock. See Material Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsDistribution Requirements.
The market price of our common stock could be adversely affected by our level of cash distributions.
The market value of the equity securities of a REIT is based primarily upon the markets perception of the REITs growth potential and its current and potential future cash distributions, whether from operations, sales or refinancings, and is secondarily based upon the real estate market value of the underlying assets. For that reason,
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our common stock may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net asset value per share. To the extent we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes, working capital reserves or other purposes, these retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may not correspondingly increase the market price of our common stock. Our failure to meet the markets expectations with regard to future earnings and cash distributions likely would adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Future offerings of debt securities, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities, which would dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt or equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes, convertible securities, and classes of preferred stock or common stock or classes of preferred units. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred stock or preferred units and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Preferred stock and preferred units, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to make a distribution to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our securities and diluting their securities holdings in us.
This offering may be dilutive, and there may be future dilution of our common stock.
After giving effect to the issuance of common stock in this offering, the receipt of the expected net proceeds and the use of those proceeds as described under Use of Proceeds, this offering may have a dilutive effect on our estimated earnings per share and funds from operations per share. The actual amount of dilution cannot be determined at this time and will be based on numerous factors. Additionally, subject to the 90-day lock-up restrictions described in Underwriting, we are not restricted from issuing additional common stock or preferred stock, including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or preferred stock or any substantially similar securities in the future. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of common stock in the market after this offering or the perception that such sales could occur.
We may not acquire any of the properties in our current acquisition pipeline.
We currently intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire one or more properties in our acquisition pipeline, including the Pier House Resort. However, we may not acquire any of the properties in our acquisition pipeline because the acquisition of any property in our pipeline may be subject to:
| the negotiation and execution of definitive purchase and sale agreements; |
| our completion of satisfactory due diligence with respect to the property; and |
| satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals. |
If we are unable to acquire any of these properties, we may experience delays in locating and securing attractive alternative real estate investments. These potential acquisitions, whether or not they are successful, will require substantial time and attention from our management. In addition, we will incur significant expenses in connection with our due diligence, including legal fees. To the extent we do not acquire properties that we are currently reviewing to acquire, these expenses will not be offset by revenues from these properties.
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We may use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to make distributions to our shareholders, which would, among other things, reduce our cash available to develop or acquire properties and may reduce the returns on your investment in our common shares.
Prior to the time we have fully invested the net proceeds of this offering, we may fund distributions to our shareholders out of the net proceeds of this offering, which would reduce the amount of cash we have available to acquire properties and may ultimately reduce the returns on your investment in our common shares. The use of these net proceeds for distributions to shareholders could adversely affect our financial results. In addition, funding distributions from the net proceeds of this offering may constitute a return of capital to our shareholders, which would have the effect of reducing each shareholders tax basis in our common shares.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distributions to our stockholders.
We intend to operate in a manner intended to allow us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We believe that our organization and current and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2013. However, we may not qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. In connection with this offering we will receive an opinion from Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws and our proposed method of operation will enable us to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for the taxable year ending December 31, 2013 and subsequent taxable years. Stockholders should be aware that Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or any court and speaks only as of the date issued. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion is further conditioned upon an opinion, we received from Andrews Kurth LLP, upon which Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP is entitled to rely, that Ashford Trust has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for its five taxable years ending December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2013. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. In addition, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion is based on existing U.S. federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, it is possible that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year may not satisfy such requirements. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more REIT savings provisions discussed below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distributions to our stockholders because:
| we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates; |
| we could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local income taxes; and |
| unless we are entitled to relief under certain U.S. federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT. |
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In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to make distributions. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our common stock. See Material Federal Income Tax Considerations for a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to us and our common stock.
If Ashford Trust failed to qualify as a REIT in any of its 2009 through 2013 taxable years, we would be prevented from electing to qualify as a REIT under applicable Treasury Regulations.
Under applicable Treasury Regulations, if Ashford Trust failed to qualify as a REIT in any of its 2009 through 2013 taxable years, unless Ashford Trusts failure to qualify as a REIT was subject to relief under U.S. federal income tax laws, we would be prevented from electing to qualify as a REIT prior to the fifth calendar year following the year in which Ashford Trust failed to qualify.
Even if we qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we qualify and remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state, and local taxes on our income and assets, as well as foreign taxes to the extent that we own assets or conduct operations in international jurisdictions. For example:
| We will be required to pay tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. |
| We may be required to pay the alternative minimum tax on our items of tax preference. |
| If we have net income from the disposition of foreclosure property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we must pay tax on that income at the highest corporate rate. |
| If we sell a property in a prohibited transaction, our gain from the sale would be subject to a 100% penalty tax. |
| Each of our taxable REIT subsidiaries is a fully taxable corporation and will be subject to federal and state taxes on its income. |
| We may experience increases in our state and local income tax burden. Over the past several years, certain states have significantly changed their income tax regimes in order to raise revenues. The changes enacted include the taxation of modified gross receipts (as opposed to net taxable income), the suspension of and/or limitation on the use of net operating loss deductions, increases in tax rates and fees, the addition of surcharges, and the taxation of our partnership income at the entity level. Facing mounting budget deficits, more state and local taxing authorities have indicated that they are going to revise their income tax regimes in this fashion and/or eliminate certain federally allowed tax deductions such as the REIT dividends paid deduction. |
Failure to make required distributions would subject us to U.S. federal corporate income tax.
We intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code.
Our TRS lessee structure increases our overall tax liability.
Our TRS lessees are subject to federal, state and local income tax on their taxable income, which consists of the revenues from the hotel properties leased by our TRS lessees, net of the operating expenses for such hotel
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properties and rent payments to us. Accordingly, although our ownership of our TRS lessees allows us to participate in the operating income from our hotel properties in addition to receiving rent, that operating income is fully subject to income tax. The after-tax net income of our TRS lessees is available for distribution to us.
If our leases with our TRS lessees are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to satisfy two gross income tests, pursuant to which specified percentages of our gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to the hotel leases with our TRS lessees, which constitutes substantially all of our gross income, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. We have structured our leases, and intend to structure any future leases, so that the leases will be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, but the IRS may not agree with this characterization. If the leases were not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs and likely would fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our ownership of TRSs is limited and our transactions with our TRSs will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arms-length terms.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross operating income from hotels that are operated by eligible independent contractors pursuant to hotel management agreements. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
Our TRSs are subject to federal, foreign, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income is available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. We believe that the aggregate value of the stock and securities of our TRSs is less than 25% of the value of our total assets (including our TRS stock and securities).
We monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRSs for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. In addition, we scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arms-length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. For example, in determining the amounts payable by our TRSs under our leases, we engaged a third party to prepare transfer pricing studies to ascertain whether the lease terms we established are on an arms-length basis as required by applicable Treasury Regulations. However, as illustrated by the discussion below under One of our TRSs may be subject to significant taxes and penalties based on transactions that occurred prior to the separation and distribution, the receipt of a transfer pricing study does not prevent the IRS from challenging the arms length nature of the lease terms between a REIT and its TRS lessees. Consequently, we may not be able to avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above.
One of our TRSs may be subject to significant taxes and penalties based on transactions that occurred prior to the separation and distribution.
As part of our separation and distribution from Ashford Trust, Ashford Trust contributed to us its indirect ownership in CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. (CHH), the parent of the TRS lessees for two of our properties,
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which we have elected to treat as a TRS. In September 2010, the IRS completed an audit of CHH for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. The IRS issued a notice of proposed adjustment that reduced the amount of rent Ashford Trust charged CHH. In connection with the TRS audit, the IRS also selected Ashford Trust for audit for the same tax year. In October 2011, the IRS issued an income tax adjustment to Ashford Trust as an alternative to the TRS proposed adjustment, based on the REIT 100% federal excise tax on Ashford Trusts share of the amount by which the rent was held to be greater than the arms length rate. Ashford Trust and CHH appealed their cases to the IRS Appeals office. The IRS Appeals Office reviewed the cases in 2012 and in July 2013, issued no-change letters for Ashford Trust and CHH indicating that the 2007 tax returns were accepted as filed and the examinations resulted in no deficiencies. U.S. federal income tax assessment statutes of limitations generally limit the time the IRS has to make assessments to within three years after a return is due or filed, whichever is later. The IRS requested and Ashford Trust agreed to extend the assessment statute of limitations for both Ashford Trust and CHH for the 2007 tax year to March 31, 2014. Accordingly, the IRS has the right to reopen the cases until March 31, 2014. However, the IRS typically only reopens closed cases in very limited circumstances, none of which Ashford Trust believes are applicable to these cases.
In June 2012, the IRS completed audits of CHH and Ashford Trust for the tax years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009. With respect to the 2009 tax year, the IRS has not proposed any adjustments to CHH or Ashford Trust. For the 2008 tax year, the IRS has issued notices of proposed adjustments for both Ashford Trust and CHH. The Ashford Trust adjustment is for $3.3 million of U.S. federal excise taxes and represents the amount by which the IRS asserts that the rent charged to the TRS was greater than the arms length rate pursuant to IRC Section 482. The CHH adjustment is for $1.6 million of additional income which would equate to approximately $467,000 of additional U.S. federal income taxes and potential state income taxes of $83,000, net of federal benefit. The TRS adjustment represents the IRS imputation of compensation to the TRS for agreeing to be a party to the lessor entitys bank loan agreement. A written protest was filed requesting an IRS Appeals Office review. The IRS has granted the Appeals Office review and has assigned the same Appeals team that oversaw the 2007 cases to oversee the 2008 cases. The initial Appeals Office conference for the 2008 cases occurred in August 2013. One or more conferences with the Appeals Office will be required to resolve these cases and Ashford Trust anticipates these will occur in 2014.
To the extent the ultimate resolution of the 2008 case results in additional tax owed by CHH, we, through our ownership of CHH, will bear the burden of those additional taxes. Consequently, as part of the separation and distribution, Ashford Trust agreed to indemnify us and CHH for (i) any expenses incurred in connection with the audits and (ii) any additional taxes, interest or penalty incurred upon resolution of the audit and any tax liability incurred as a result of such indemnity payment. However, if Ashford Trust is unable to pay the amounts required under the indemnity for any reason, we, through our ownership of CHH, would bear the burden of the additional taxes, interest and penalties owed by CHH.
If our hotel managers do not qualify as eligible independent contractors, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a related party tenant of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We lease all of our hotels to our TRS lessees. A TRS lessee will not be treated as a related party tenant, and will not be treated as directly operating a lodging facility, which is prohibited, to the extent the TRS lessee leases properties from us that are managed by an eligible independent contractor.
We believe that the rent paid by our TRS lessee is qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests and that our TRSs qualify to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes, but the IRS could challenge this treatment and a court could sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in challenging this treatment, it is possible that we would fail to meet the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to meet either the asset or gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT qualification for federal income tax purposes, unless certain relief provisions applied. If our hotel managers do not qualify as eligible independent contractors, we
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would fail to qualify as a REIT. Each of the hotel management companies that enters into a management contract with our TRS lessees must qualify as an eligible independent contractor under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRS lessees to be qualifying income for our REIT income test requirements. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor a manager must not own more than 35% of our outstanding shares (by value) and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the ownership interests of the manager, taking into account only owners of more than 5% of our shares and, with respect to ownership interests in such managers that are publicly-traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests. Complex ownership attribution rules apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds. Although we intend to monitor ownership of our shares by our property managers and their owners, it is possible that these ownership levels could be exceeded.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our shares of beneficial interest. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may have a material adverse effect on our performance.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities, and qualified REIT real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and suffer adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to borrow to make distributions to stockholders.
As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, (subject to certain adjustments) to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our net income for financial reporting purposes or our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to stockholders. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds, sell investments at disadvantageous prices, or find another alternative source of funds to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce the value of our equity. We may elect to pay dividends on our common stock in cash or a combination of cash and shares as permitted under federal income tax laws governing REIT distribution requirements.
53
We may pay taxable dividends in our common stock and cash, in which case stockholders may sell our common stock to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common stock at the election of each stockholder. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as taxable dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers to whom they were issued. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and common stock.
If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and our common stock and a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. We do not currently intend to pay taxable dividends of our common stock and cash, although we may choose to do so in the future.
The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to dispose of our properties.
A REITs net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to the prohibited transaction tax equal to 100% of net gain upon a disposition of real property. We may not be able to comply with the safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of real property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of our properties or we may conduct such sales through our TRS, which would be subject to federal and state income taxation.
The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal and state and local income taxes on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return received by our stockholders.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates on qualified dividend income. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividends received from us. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT
54
corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could effectively reduce the market price of our common stock.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in the U.S. federal income tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations.
If our operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe that our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership is not subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, is allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our operating partnerships income. The IRS could challenge the status of our operating partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and a court could sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our operating partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership could cause it to become subject to federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code. Your investment in our common stock has various federal, state, and local income tax risks that could affect the value of your investment.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which, in certain instances, only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. New legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. We strongly urge you to consult your tax advisor concerning the effects of federal, state, and local income tax law on an investment in our common stock. See Material Federal Income Tax Considerations in this prospectus for a description of the provisions of the Code relevant to your investment in our common stock.
55
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains certain forward looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward looking terminology such as may, will, should, potential, intend, expect, outlook, seek, anticipate, estimate, approximately, believe, could, project, predict, or other similar words or expressions. Additionally, statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:
| our business and investment strategy; |
| our projected operating results, including cash available for distribution, and dividend rates; |
| our ability to obtain future financing arrangements; |
| our understanding of our competition; |
| market trends; |
| projected capital expenditures; |
| anticipated acquisitions; and |
| the impact of technology on our operations and business. |
Forward looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, taking into account all information currently available to us, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in our forward looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our forward looking statements include, but are not limited to:
| the factors referenced in this prospectus, including those set forth under the section captioned Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations and Our Business and Properties; |
| general volatility of the capital markets, the general economy or the hospitality industry, whether the result of market events or otherwise; |
| our ability to deploy the capital contributions we received in the spin-off and raise additional capital at reasonable costs to repay debts, invest in our properties and fund future acquisitions; |
| unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates; |
| the degree and nature of our competition; |
| actual and potential conflicts of interest with Ashford Trust, Remington, our executive officers and our non-independent directors; |
| changes in personnel of Ashford Advisor or the lack of availability of qualified personnel; |
| changes in governmental regulations, accounting rules, tax rates and similar matters; |
| legislative and regulatory changes, including changes to the Code and related rules, regulations and interpretations governing the taxation of REITs; and |
| limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
When considering forward looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this prospectus. The matters summarized under Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus could cause our actual results and performance to differ significantly from those contained in our
56
forward looking statements. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee future results or performance. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward looking statements, which reflect our views as of the date of this prospectus. Furthermore, we do not intend to update any of our forward looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results and performance, except as may be required by applicable law.
Smith Travel Research, PKF Hospitality Research, LLC or other independent industry sources provided the market data and industry forecasts and projections used in this prospectus. These forecasts and projections are forward looking statements and subject to the qualifications and uncertainties that apply to other forward looking statements in this prospectus.
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We estimate that the net proceeds we will receive from the sale of our common stock in this offering will be approximately $ million, or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of common stock in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire the Pier House Resort. See Our Business and PropertiesOur Option HotelsPier House Resort, Key West, FL. We also intend to use the proceeds of this offering to acquire additional properties in the ordinary course of business in a manner consistent with our investment objectives and strategies and, to a lesser extent, for general corporate purposes and working capital.
Pending the permanent use of the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality interest-bearing, short-term investment-grade securities, money-market accounts or other investments that are consistent with our intention to maintain our qualification as a REIT and our intention not to be deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
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Our common stock has been listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol AHP since November 20, 2013. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock. At the close of business on December 17, 2013, the closing price for our common stock was $19.59 per share and there were 119 holders of record. The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices of our common stock for the period beginning on November 20, 2013, the date our common stock commenced trading on the NYSE, and ending on December 17, 2013.
2013 |
High | Low | ||||||
Period beginning on November 20, 2013 and ending on December 17, 2013 |
$ | 22.10 | $ | 18.80 |
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On December 16, 2013, we announced a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock. The common stock dividend will be paid on January 15, 2014 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2013.
We intend to make quarterly distributions to our common stockholders. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to:
(i) | 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP); plus |
(ii) | 90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Code; less |
(iii) | any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Code). See Material Federal Income Tax Considerations. |
Distributions made by us are authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and are dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law, actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially and adversely affect our ability to make distributions, please see Risk Factors. We expect that, at least initially, our distributions may exceed our net income under GAAP because of non-cash expenses included in net income. To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than 90% of our REIT taxable income, we may consider various means to cover any such shortfall, including borrowing under our secured revolving credit facility or other loans, selling certain of our assets or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive from future offerings of equity, equity-related or debt securities or declaring taxable stock dividends. In addition, our charter allows us to issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions, and if we do, the distribution preference on the preferred stock could limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our common stock. We cannot assure you that our distribution policy will not change in the future.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a taxable U.S. stockholder under current U.S. federal income tax law to the extent those distributions do not exceed the stockholders adjusted tax basis in his or her common stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of the shares. In that case, the gain (or loss) recognized on the sale of those shares or upon our liquidation will be increased (or decreased) accordingly. To the extent those distributions exceed a taxable U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in his or her shares, they generally will be treated as a gain realized from the taxable disposition of those shares. The percentage of distributions to our stockholders that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits may vary substantially from year to year. For a more complete discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to holders of our common stock, see Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.
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The following table sets forth:
| our audited historical consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2013; |
| our unaudited pro forma combined consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2013, to give effect to the completion of the separation and distribution; |
| our unaudited pro forma combined consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2013, to give effect to the completion of the separation and distribution and the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott; and |
| our unaudited pro forma combined consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2013, as adjusted to give effect to the sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $ per share (the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE on , 2013), net of the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the application of the net proceeds as described in Use of Proceeds. |
You should read this table together with Use of Proceeds, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the historical and pro forma financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
As of September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||
Historical |
Hotel
Group Historical Post Spin-off |
Pro Forma Options
Exercised |
Pro Forma
As Adjusted |
|||||||||||
(audited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||
(In thousands, except share information) | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1 | $ | 135,480 | $ | 112,384 | ||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | | $ | 624,029 | $ | 810,655 | ||||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interest in operating partnership |
| 103,942 | 221,091 | |||||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 100, 16,129,112, 16,129,112 and shares issued and outstanding, respectively |
$ | | $ | 161 | $ | 161 | ||||||||
Owners equity |
1 | 203,872 | 203,872 | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities |
| (2,436 | ) | (2,436 | ) | |||||||||
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Total stockholders equity |
1 | 201,597 | 201,597 | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
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Total Capitalization |
$ | 1 | $ | 929,568 | $ | 1,233,343 | ||||||||
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|
|
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(1) | Does not include 8,776,153 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon redemption of common units of Ashford Prime OP issued to Ashford Trust OP in connection with the spin-off; 1,600,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance to Ashford Advisor under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan; 850,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance to our directors, executive officers and other Ashford Advisor employees under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan; any shares for which the common units of Ashford Prime OP we may issue to purchase the Pier House Resort or the Crystal Gateway Marriott may be redeemed; any shares we may issue to Ashford Advisor in payment of any portion of the incentive fee; and any shares for which common units of Ashford Prime OP we may issue to Ashford Advisor in payment of any portion of the incentive fee may be redeemed. |
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
You should read the following selected financial information in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the historical combined consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The selected combined consolidated historical financial information is a combination of the historical financial information for the eight properties that were contributed to us as part of the separation and distribution. These properties and certain related assets and liabilities are reflected in the combined consolidated financial statements as if they were owned in an entity separate from Ashford Trust during such periods; however they were not owned in a separate legal entity during such periods.
We have not presented the historical financial information of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. because prior to the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013, it had no activity other than the issuance to Ashford TRS of 100 shares of common stock in connection with the initial capitalization of our company and activity in connection with the separation and distribution. Therefore, we do not believe a discussion of the historical results would be meaningful.
The selected historical combined consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 has been derived from the audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical combined consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009 has been derived from unaudited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The summary historical combined consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 has been derived from the unaudited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical information in this section is not intended to replace these audited and unaudited financial statements.
The selected historical financial information below and the financial statements included in this prospectus do not necessarily reflect what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would have been if we had operated our initial eight properties as a stand-alone publicly traded company during all periods presented, and, accordingly, this historical information should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data |
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Revenue |
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Rooms |
$ | 132,852 | $ | 117,054 | $ | 160,811 | $ | 130,477 | $ | 114,940 | $ | 116,061 | $ | 140,995 | ||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
37,799 | 36,149 | 50,784 | 46,628 | 42,410 | 42,391 | 55,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | 5,341 | 5,435 | 5,649 | 6,218 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
7,737 | 6,827 | 9,593 | 9,545 | 10,045 | 10,836 | 13,080 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Total hotel revenue |
178,388 | 160,030 | 221,188 | 191,991 | 172,830 | 174,937 | 216,013 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses |
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Hotel operating expenses: |
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Rooms |
30,183 | 26,666 | 37,001 | 31,429 | 28,625 | 28,079 | 30,397 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
25,323 | 23,847 | 33,377 | 30,341 | 28,382 | 29,236 | 37,491 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
46,599 | 42,396 | 59,013 | 49,949 | 46,205 | 47,350 | 56,177 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
7,651 | 6,700 | 9,360 | 7,246 | 6,514 | 6,454 | 8,075 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Total hotel expenses |
109,756 | 99,609 | 138,751 | 118,965 | 109,726 | 111,119 | 132,140 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
8,705 | 7,636 | 10,236 | 9,218 | 10,243 | 11,288 | 11,303 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | 22,197 | 29,549 | 29,816 | 31,255 | 34,215 | 35,213 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate, general and administrative (1) |
9,222 | 7,994 | 10,846 | 9,613 | 7,986 | 6,837 | 6,683 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Total expenses |
150,547 | 137,436 | 189,382 | 167,612 | 159,210 | 163,459 | 185,339 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income |
27,841 | 22,594 | 31,806 | 24,379 | 13,620 | 11,478 | 30,674 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
19 | 19 | 29 | 24 | 88 | 78 | 545 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | 9,673 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(24,571 | ) | (23,422 | ) | (31,244 | ) | (31,803 | ) | (31,988 | ) | (32,130 | ) | (34,753 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | | | | | | (513 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(31 | ) | | | | (28 | ) | (2 | ) | (30 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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|
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,287 | (809 | ) | 591 | 2,273 | (18,308 | ) | (20,576 | ) | (4,077 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,255 | ) | (3,287 | ) | (4,384 | ) | (2,636 | ) | (628 | ) | (611 | ) | (353 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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|
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Net loss |
(968 | ) | (4,096 | ) | (3,793 | ) | (363 | ) | (18,936 | ) | (21,187 | ) | (4,430 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entity attributable to noncontrolling interest |
575 | 471 | (752 | ) | 989 | 2,065 | 594 | (1,097 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | $ | (4,545 | ) | $ | 626 | $ | (16,871 | ) | $ | (20,593 | ) | $ | (5,527 | ) | ||||||||
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Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
(Unaudited | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash |
$ | 14,088 | $ | 18,032 | $ | 20,313 | $ | 16,451 | $ | 14,411 | $ | 20,087 | $ | 21,379 | ||||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
765,994 | 774,210 | 771,936 | 789,170 | 808,322 | 819,629 | 834,459 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
832,746 | 849,257 | 847,280 | 863,418 | 862,908 | 885,534 | 915,118 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total indebtedness |
624,029 | 573,053 | 570,809 | 577,996 | 582,713 | 588,929 | 591,171 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
648,599 | 597,768 | 594,902 | 600,376 | 601,369 | 609,302 | 614,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total equity |
184,147 | 251,489 | 252,378 | 263,042 | 261,539 | 276,232 | 300,398 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
832,746 | 849,257 | 847,280 | 863,418 | 862,908 | 885,534 | 915,118 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
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Number of properties at period end (unaudited) |
8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (unaudited) |
$ | 48,328 | $ | 41,974 | $ | 56,195 | $ | 50,186 | $ | 41,517 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (2) (unaudited) |
61,349 | 53,281 | 73,040 | 66,292 | 53,065 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO (unaudited) |
22,992 | 16,387 | 22,080 | 17,612 | 10,884 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by: |
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Operating activities |
$ | 30,510 | $ | 21,725 | $ | 27,852 | $ | 15,395 | $ | 21,624 | ||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(17,380 | ) | (7,532 | ) | (11,944 | ) | (10,281 | ) | (22,695 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
(19,355 | ) | (12,612 | ) | (12,046 | ) | (3,074 | ) | (4,605 | ) |
(1) | Our corporate general and administrative expense following the spin-off will consist of direct general and administrative costs that we incur as well as reimbursable costs that Ashford Advisor incurs on our behalf. Without taking into account any additional growth of our company, including through acquisitions, we expect our annual corporate general and administrative costs for 2014 to range from approximately $4-5 million. We will also pay a base management fee of 0.70% times our total enterprise value to Ashford Advisor. Our total enterprise value as of December 15, 2013 was $1,115 million based on the definition of total enterprise value in the advisory agreement. As such, the annualized base management fee would be approximately $7.8 million based on that total enterprise value. We will also pay Ashford Advisor an incentive fee if our TSR exceeds the average TSR of our peer group as defined in the advisory agreement. The corporate general and administrative expense shown in this pro forma financial information includes allocated costs and expenses from Ashford Trust that we will not incur following the completion of the spin-off, as well as estimates of the base and incentive fees payable to Ashford Advisor, assuming that (i) the advisory agreement had been in effect, (ii) our company had the same TSR as Ashford Trust and (iii) our company had a total enterprise value based on a percentage of Ashford Trusts total enterprise value, during the periods presented. |
(2) | We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amount for these hotels represents the total amounts for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. Also, Hotel EBITDA is calculated as if the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was operated as all other hotels for all periods presented, rather than as a triple-net lease through December 1, 2011. |
See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Hotel EBITDA and AFFO.
64
SELECTED UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following selected unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine months then ended and for the year ended December 31, 2012 has been derived from the unaudited pro forma financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following selected unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial information has been adjusted to give effect to the following:
| the historical financial results of our eight initial hotels; |
| the contribution to us of our initial properties and capital of $145.3 million, together with liabilities secured by the initial properties of $624.0 million; |
| the completion of the separation and distribution, including the distribution of our common stock to Ashford Trust stockholders by Ashford Trust (based on the one to five distribution ratio) and the related transfer to us from Ashford Trust of the Ashford Prime TRS entities; |
| the issuance of 16,000 shares of our common stock to our non-employee directors upon completion of the separation and distribution; |
| the sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $ per share, net of the underwriting discount and offering costs; and |
| the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott, together with liabilities secured by the option properties of $186.6 million. |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Group
Historical Combined Consolidated |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort |
Pro Forma
Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal Gateway
Marriott |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 132,852 | $ | | $ | 132,852 | $ | 11,728 | $ | 144,580 | $ | 25,711 | $ | 170,291 | ||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
37,799 | | 37,799 | 2,342 | 40,141 | 10,995 | 51,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
7,737 | | 7,737 | 1,076 | 8,813 | 1,914 | 10,727 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
178,388 | | 178,388 | 15,146 | 193,534 | 38,620 | 232,154 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
30,183 | | 30,183 | 1,613 | 31,796 | 6,262 | 38,058 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
25,323 | | 25,323 | 1,830 | 27,153 | 7,508 | 34,661 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
46,599 | | 46,599 | 2,399 | 48,998 | 10,090 | 59,088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
7,651 | | 7,651 | 630 | 8,105 | 1,158 | 9,263 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(176 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
109,756 | | 109,756 | 6,296 | 116,052 | 25,018 | 141,070 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
8,705 | | 8,705 | 3,145 | 11,850 | 2,084 | 13,934 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | | 22,864 | 1,385 | 24,350 | 3,309 | 31,191 | |||||||||||||||||||||
101 | 3,532 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
| | | 872 | 872 | | 872 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
9,222 | 5,340 | 12,667 | 378 | 13,210 | 1,418 | 15,383 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(2,059 | ) | 362 | 1,239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
164 | (212 | ) | (509 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
150,547 | 3,445 | 153,992 | 12,342 | 166,334 | 36,116 | 202,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Group
Historical Combined Consolidated |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort |
Pro Forma
Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal Gateway
Marriott |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income |
27,841 | (3,445 | ) | 24,396 | 2,804 | 27,200 | 2,504 | 29,704 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
19 | | 19 | | 19 | 4 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(24,571 | ) | | (24,571 | ) | (901 | ) | (27,240 | ) | (4,893 | ) | (32,133 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(1,768 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(31 | ) | | (31 | ) | (109 | ) | (140 | ) | | (140 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,287 | (3,445 | ) | (2,158 | ) | 26 | (2,132 | ) | (2,385 | ) | (4,517 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,255 | ) | | (2,255 | ) | (56 | ) | (2,376 | ) | (951 | ) | (2,951 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(65 | ) | 376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(968 | ) | (3,445 | ) | (4,413 | ) | (95 | ) | (4,508 | ) | (2,960 | ) | (7,468 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest |
575 | | 575 | | 575 | | 575 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
| 1,355 | 1,355 | 34 | 1,389 | 1,045 | 2,434 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (2,090 | ) | $ | (2,483 | ) | $ | (61 | ) | $ | (2,544 | ) | $ | (1,915 | ) | $ | (4.459 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 765,994 | $ | 92,680 | $ | 232,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
832,746 | 72,996 | 243,266 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total indebtedness |
624,029 | 69,000 | 117,626 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
648,599 | 72,996 | 126,117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total equity |
184,147 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
832,746 | 72,996 | 243,266 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma basic earnings per share |
$ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.28 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per share |
$ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | (0.28 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of properties at period end |
8 | 9 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 48,328 | $ | 51,610 | $ | 60,965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
61,349 | 62,209 | 73,805 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO |
22,992 | 23,308 | 28,234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | 30,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(17,380 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
(19,355 | ) |
(1) | We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amounts for these hotels represent the total amounts for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. Also, Hotel EBITDA is calculated as if the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was operated as all other hotels for all periods presented, rather than as a triple-net lease through December 1, 2011. |
66
See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Hotel EBITDA and AFFO.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Group
Combined Consolidated |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort |
Pro Forma
Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal
Gateway Marriott |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 160,811 | $ | | $ | 160,811 | $ | 14,318 | $ | 175,129 | $ | 34,750 | $ | 209,879 | ||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
50,784 | | 50,784 | 2,997 | 53,781 | 14,928 | 68,709 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
9,593 | | 9,593 | 1,376 | 10,969 | 1,964 | 12,933 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
221,188 | | 221,188 | 18,691 | 239,879 | 51,642 | 291,521 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
37,001 | | 37,001 | 2,102 | 39,103 | 7,892 | 46,995 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
33,377 | | 33,377 | 2,493 | 35,870 | 9,731 | 45,601 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
59,013 | | 59,013 | 864 | 59,877 | 13,956 | 73,833 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
9,360 | | 9,360 | 935 | 9,921 | 1,549 | 11,470 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(374 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
138,751 | | 138,751 | 6,020 | 144,771 | 33,128 | 177,899 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
10,236 | 10,236 | 7,059 | 17,295 | 2,596 | 19,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,549 | | 29,549 | 1,489 | 31,530 | 5,836 | 40,651 | |||||||||||||||||||||
492 | 3,285 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative (1) |
10,846 | | 23,221 | | 23,721 | 1,668 | 26,424 | |||||||||||||||||||||
6,745 | 483 | 1,652 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7,912 | 17 | (647 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
275 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2,752 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
189,382 | 12,375 | 201,757 | 15,560 | 217,317 | 47,548 | 264,865 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Operating income |
31,806 | (12,375 | ) | 19,431 | 3,131 | 22,562 | 4,094 | 26,656 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
29 | | 29 | 47 | 76 | 11 | 87 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(31,244 | ) | | (31,244 | ) | (1,626 | ) | (34,812 | ) | (6,630 | ) | (41,442 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(1,942 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
591 | (12,375 | ) | (11,784 | ) | (390 | ) | (12,174 | ) | (2,525 | ) | (14,699 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(4,384 | ) | | (4,384 | ) | (165 | ) | (4,549 | ) | (1,303 | ) | (5,268 | ) | |||||||||||||||
584 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(3,793 | ) | (12,375 | ) | (16,168 | ) | (555 | ) | (16,723 | ) | (3,244 | ) | (19,967 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(752 | ) | | (752 | ) | | (752 | ) | | (752 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
| 5,973 | 5,973 | 196 | 6,169 | 1,145 | 7,314 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,545 | ) | $ | (6,402 | ) | $ | (10,947 | ) | $ | (359 | ) | $ | (11,306 | ) | $ | (2,099 | ) | $ | (13,405 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma basic earnings per share |
$ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.70 | ) | $ | (0.84 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per share |
$ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.70 | ) | $ | (0.84 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
16,045 | 16,045 | 16,045 |
67
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Group
Combined Consolidated |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort |
Pro Forma
Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal
Gateway Marriott |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Number of properties at period end |
8 | 9 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 56,195 | $ | 55,750 | $ | 68,730 | ||||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (2) |
73,040 | 78,570 | 94,542 | |||||||||||||||||
AFFO |
22,080 | 17,300 | 24,322 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | 27,852 | ||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(11,944 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
(12,046 | ) |
(1) | Our corporate general and administrative expense following the spin-off will consist of direct general and administrative costs that we incur as well as reimbursable costs that Ashford Advisor incurs on our behalf. Without taking into account any additional growth of our company, including through acquisitions, we expect our annual corporate general and administrative costs for 2014 to range from approximately $4-5 million. We will also pay a base management fee of 0.70% times our total enterprise value to Ashford Advisor. Our total enterprise value as of December 15, 2013 was $1,115 million based on the definition of total enterprise value in the Advisory Agreement. As such, the annualized base management fee would be approximately $7.8 million based on that total enterprise value. We will also pay Ashford Advisor an incentive fee if our TSR exceeds the average TSR of our peer group as defined in the advisory agreement. The corporate general and administrative expense shown in this pro forma financial information includes allocated costs and expenses from Ashford Trust that we will not incur following the completion of the spin-off, as well as estimates of the base and incentive fees payable to Ashford Advisor, assuming that (i) the advisory agreement had been in effect, (ii) our company had the same TSR as Ashford Trust and (iii) our company had a total enterprise value based on a percentage of Ashford Trusts total enterprise value, during the periods presented. |
(2) | We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amounts for these hotels represent the total amounts for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. Also, Hotel EBITDA is calculated as if the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was operated as all other hotels for all periods presented, rather than as a triple-net lease through December 1, 2011. |
68
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward looking statements based upon current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Risk Factors or elsewhere in this prospectus. See Risk Factors and Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements.
In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to we, us and our refer to the eight selected properties for which we have provided financial information in this prospectus.
Overview
Ashford Prime is a newly formed, externally-advised Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high RevPAR, luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia with 3,146 total rooms. The hotels in our initial portfolio are located in U.S. gateway markets with favorable growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators and limited risk of additional supply. Our initial portfolio generated RevPAR of $153.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is 218% of the average of the U.S. lodging industry, according to Smith Travel Research, Inc.
Ashford Trust, an NYSE-listed REIT focused on investing opportunistically across all segments and at all levels of the capital structure within the hospitality industry, contributed our initial assets to us. We became a public company on November 19, 2013, when Ashford Trust completed the spin-off of our company through the distribution of our outstanding common stock to the Ashford Trust stockholders. Ashford Advisor, a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, is our external advisor. All of the hotels in our initial portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford Advisor. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust beneficially owned common units of our operating partnership, Ashford Prime OP, representing 20% of our company on a fully-diluted basis.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals present favorable opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our eight initial hotels.
We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and we intend to conduct our business and own substantially all of our assets through our operating partnership.
We own six of our initial hotel properties directly, and the remaining two hotel properties through a majority-owned investment in an entity, which represents 3,146 total rooms, or 2,912 net rooms excluding those attributable to our partner. Currently, all of our hotel properties are located in the United States.
Discussion of Presentation
The discussion below relates to the financial condition and results of operation of the eight initial properties contributed to us by Ashford Trust as if they were owned by an entity separate from Ashford Trust during the periods presented. These combined consolidated historical financial statements have been prepared on a carve-out basis from Ashford Trusts consolidated financial statements using the historical results of operations, cash flows, assets and liabilities attributable to our eight initial properties and include allocations of income, expenses, assets and liabilities from Ashford Trust. These allocations reflect significant assumptions, and the financial statements do not fully reflect what our financial positions, results of operations and cash flows would have been had we been a stand-alone publicly traded company owning the eight initial properties during all periods presented. As a result, historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial positions and cash flows.
69
As an example of allocations relating to the carve out presentation, we note that corporate general and administrative expense and certain indirect costs have been allocated. Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain Ashford Trust corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense and office expenses. Any expenses that were determined to be directly related to any hotel property or specific transaction were allocated directly to the related hotel. However, any indirect costs were allocated pro rata across all hotels owned by Ashford Trust, including the eight initial properties contributed to us, based on the gross investment value for all such hotels. Indirect costs are primarily attributable to certain ownership costs related to specific hotel properties but paid by Ashford Trust. Indirect costs are included in Other expenses in the combined consolidated financial statements. Additionally, interest income reflects earnings on amounts held as reserves by lenders and property managers.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance
We use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisitions to determine each hotels contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. These key indicators include:
| OccupancyOccupancy means the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available. Occupancy measures the utilization of our hotels available capacity. We use occupancy to measure demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. |
| ADRADR means average daily rate and is calculated by dividing total hotel rooms revenues by total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate. |
| RevPARRevPAR means revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying ADR by the average daily occupancy. RevPAR is one of the commonly used measures within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage sales or parking, telephone or other non-rooms revenues generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire period). |
RevPAR changes that are primarily driven by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenues and profitability than changes that are driven primarily by changes in ADR. For example, an increase in occupancy at a hotel would lead to additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room supplies) and could also result in increased other operating department revenue and expense. Changes in ADR typically have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability as they do not have a substantial effect on variable operating costs.
Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel level and across our entire business. We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only rooms revenue. Rooms revenue comprised approximately 74% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and is dictated by demand (as measured by occupancy), pricing (as measured by ADR) and our available supply of hotel rooms.
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Another commonly used measure in the lodging industry is the RevPAR penetration index, which measures a hotels RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotels competitive set. We use the RevPAR penetration index as an indicator of a hotels market share in relation to its competitive set. However, the RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is not necessarily reflective of that hotels relative share of any particular lodging market, and instead provides the relative revenue per room generated by each such property as compared to the competitive set. The RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is calculated as the quotient of (1) the subject hotels RevPAR divided by (2) the average RevPAR of the hotels in the subject hotels competitive set including the subject hotel, multiplied by 100. For example, if a hotels RevPAR is $150 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $150 including our hotel, the RevPAR penetration index would be 100, which would indicate that the subject hotel is capturing its fair market share in relation to its competitive set (i.e., the hotels RevPAR is, on average, the same as its competitors). If, however, a hotels RevPAR is $175 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $150, the RevPAR penetration index of the subject hotel would be 116.7, which would indicate that the subject hotel maintains a RevPAR premium of approximately 16.7% (and, therefore, a market share premium) in relation to its competitive set. RevPAR data, other than the RevPAR of our eight initial hotels, used in calculating RevPAR penetration indices in this prospectus was provided by Smith Travel Research.
One critical component in this calculation is the determination of a hotels competitive set, which consists of a small group of hotels in the relevant market that we and the hotel management company that manages the hotel believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. A hotels competitive set is mutually agreed upon by us and the hotels management company. Factors that we consider when establishing a competitive set include geographic proximity, brand affiliations and rate structure, as well as the level of service provided at the hotel. Competitive set determinations are highly subjective, however, and our methodology for determining a hotels competitive set may differ materially from those used by other hotel owners and/or management companies.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the portfolio wide RevPAR penetration index of our initial hotels was 111.0, which indicates that, on average, our initial hotels maintained a market share premium of approximately 111% in relation to its competitive set.
We also use FFO, AFFO, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA as measures of the operating performance of our business. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations and Hotel EBITDA
The principal factors affecting our operating results include overall demand for hotel rooms compared to the supply of available hotel rooms, and the ability of our third-party management companies to increase or maintain revenues while controlling expenses.
Demand . The demand for lodging, including business travel, is directly correlated to the overall economy; as GDP increases, lodging demand increases. Historically, periods of declining demand are followed by extended periods of relatively strong demand, which typically occurs during the growth phase of the lodging cycle.
Following the recession that commenced in 2008, the lodging industry has experienced improvement in fundamentals, including demand, which has continued into 2013. We believe improvements in the economy will continue to benefit the lodging industry and hotel operating results for several years to come.
Supply . The development of new hotels is driven largely by construction costs, the availability of financing and expected performance of existing hotels.
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In its December 2013January 2014 edition of Hotel Horizons, PKF Hospitality Research, LLC projected the following growth in room demand, RevPAR and supply through 2016:
Year |
Room
Demand Growth |
RevPAR
Growth |
Supply
Growth |
|||||||||
2013 |
2.1 | % | 5.2 | % | 0.8 | % | ||||||
2014 |
3.0 | % | 6.6 | % | 1.2 | % | ||||||
2015 |
3.3 | % | 7.5 | % | 1.4 | % | ||||||
2016 |
1.6 | % | 4.8 | % | 1.9 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Compound Annual Growth Rate |
2.5 | % | 6.0 | % | 1.3 | % |
We expect that our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance will be impacted by macroeconomic factors such as national and local employment growth, personal income and corporate earnings, GDP, consumer confidence, office vacancy rates and business relocation decisions, airport and other business and leisure travel, new hotel construction, the pricing strategies of competitors and currency fluctuations. In addition, our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance are dependent on the continued success of the Marriott and Hilton brands.
Revenue . Substantially all of our revenue is derived from the operation of hotels. Specifically, our revenue is comprised of:
| Rooms revenueOccupancy and ADR are the major drivers of rooms revenue. Rooms revenue accounts for the substantial majority of our total revenue. |
| Food and beverage revenueOccupancy and the type of customer staying at the hotel are the major drivers of food and beverage revenue (i.e., group business typically generates more food and beverage business through catering functions when compared to transient business, which may or may not utilize the hotels food and beverage outlets or meeting and banquet facilities). |
| Other hotel revenueOccupancy and the nature of the property are the main drivers of other ancillary revenue, such as telecommunications, parking and leasing services. |
Hotel Operating Expenses . The following presents the components of our hotel operating expenses:
| Rooms expenseThese costs include housekeeping wages and payroll taxes, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and front desk costs. Like rooms revenue, occupancy is the major driver of rooms expense and, therefore, rooms expense has a significant correlation to rooms revenue. These costs can increase based on increases in salaries and wages, as well as the level of service and amenities that are provided. |
| Food and beverage expenseThese expenses primarily include food, beverage and labor costs. Occupancy and the type of customer staying at the hotel (i.e., catered functions generally are more profitable than restaurant, bar or other on-property food and beverage outlets) are the major drivers of food and beverage expense, which correlates closely with food and beverage revenue. |
| Management feesBase management fees are computed as a percentage of gross revenue. Incentive management fees generally are paid when operating profits exceed certain threshold levels. See Certain AgreementsHotel Management Agreements. |
| Other hotel expensesThese expenses include labor and other costs associated with the other operating department revenues, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, franchise fees, sales and marketing, repairs and maintenance and utility costs. |
Most categories of variable operating expenses, including labor costs such as housekeeping, fluctuate with changes in occupancy. Increases in occupancy are accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating expenses, while increases in ADR typically only result in increases in limited categories of operating
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costs and expenses, such as franchise fees, management fees and credit card processing fee expenses which are based on hotel revenues. Thus, changes in ADR have a more significant impact on operating margins than changes in occupancy.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies are fully described in Note 2 of Notes to The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels Combined Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, representing those policies considered most vital to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require managements most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments.
Management Agreements . We have assumed certain management agreements that were first assumed by Ashford Trust when Ashford Trust acquired our initial hotel properties. Based on a review of these management agreements, Ashford Trust concluded that certain terms of these management agreements were more favorable to the respective managers than typical current market management agreements at the time of the acquisition. As a result, Ashford Trust recorded unfavorable contract liabilities related to these management agreements of $1.5 million as of the respective acquisition dates based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial terms of the related agreements. At September 30, 2013, $514,000 of unfavorable contract liabilities remained related to a hotel management agreement. Such unfavorable contract liabilities are being amortized as non-cash reductions to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the related agreements.
Income Taxes . At September 30, 2013, we had deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities of $2.7 million. Management determined that it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax asset will not be realized, resulting in a valuation allowance of $2.7 million. We evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets by assessing our valuation allowance and adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. In evaluating our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including historical results of operations, projected future taxable income, and scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss). At September 30, 2013, we had net operating loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes of $3.9 million, which are attributable to the subsidiaries conveyed to us in the separation, and which begin to expire in 2023. The loss carry forwards may be available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2023; however, there could be substantial limitations on their use imposed by the Code. Accordingly, the deferred tax assets related to these loss carry forwards have been fully reserved against.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities. Income tax examinations of certain of our taxable corporate subsidiaries are currently in process; see Note 10 of the unaudited interim Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 2013 included in this prospectus. Accordingly, we believe that the results of the completion of these examinations will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Investment in Hotel Properties . Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. For hotel properties owned through our majority-owned entities, the carrying basis attributable to the partners minority ownership is recorded at historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our majority
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ownership is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interests in the entities. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties. Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed undiscounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, we record an impairment charge for the amount that the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value less cost to sell. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense . Depreciation expense is based on the estimated useful life of the assets, while amortization expense for leasehold improvements is based on the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over lives which range from 7.5 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and three to five years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.
Revenue Recognition. Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Rental income represents income from leasing hotel properties to third-party tenants on triple-net operating leases. Base rent on the triple-net lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and variable rent is recognized when earned. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue.
Share-Based Compensation . We have two equity incentive plans that provide for the grant of restricted or unrestricted shares of our common stock, options to purchase our common stock and share awards (including restricted shares and restricted share units), share appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units and other equity-based awards, including LTIP units, or any combination of the foregoing. Equity-based compensation is recognized as an expense in the financial statements over the vesting period and measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The amount of the expense may be subject to adjustment in future periods depending on the specific characteristics of the equity-based award and the application of the accounting guidance.
Results of Operations
Marriott currently manages six of our properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, through fiscal 2012, the fiscal year reflects 12 weeks of operations for each of the first three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Beginning in 2013, the fiscal quarters end on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31. Therefore, in any given period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years began on December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The 2013 and 2012 fiscal periods ended September 30, 2013 and September 7, 2012, respectively, and contained 276 days and 252 days, respectively. Prior results have not been adjusted.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
The following table summarizes the changes in key line items from our combined consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 132,852 | $ | 117,054 | $ | 15,798 | 13.5 | % | ||||||||
Food and beverage |
37,799 | 36,149 | 1,650 | 4.6 | % | |||||||||||
Other |
7,737 | 6,827 | 910 | 13.3 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
178,388 | 160,030 | 18,358 | 11.5 | % | |||||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
30,183 | 26,666 | 3,517 | 13.2 | % | |||||||||||
Food and beverage |
25,323 | 23,847 | 1,476 | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||
Other expenses |
46,599 | 42,396 | 4,203 | 9.9 | % | |||||||||||
Management fees |
7,651 | 6,700 | 951 | 14.2 | % | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
109,756 | 99,609 | 10,147 | 10.2 | % | |||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
8,705 | 7,636 | 1,069 | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | 22,197 | 667 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||||
Corporate, general and administrative |
9,222 | 7,994 | 1,228 | 15.4 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total expenses |
150,547 | 137,436 | 13,111 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income |
27,841 | 22,594 | 5,247 | 23.2 | % | |||||||||||
Interest income |
19 | 19 | |
|
|
% |
||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(24,571 | ) | (23,422 | ) | (1,149 | ) | 4.9 | % | ||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | |||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(31 | ) | | (31 | ) | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,287 | (809 | ) | 2,096 | 259.1 | % | ||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,255 | ) | (3,287 | ) | 1,032 | (31.4 | )% | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net loss |
(968 | ) | (4,096 | ) | 3,128 | (76.4 | )% | |||||||||
Loss from consolidated entity attributable to noncontrolling interests |
575 | 471 | 104 | 22.1 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | $ | 3,232 | 89.2 | % | ||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) represents the operating results of eight hotel properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.
The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of these hotels:
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Occupancy |
80.39 | % | 79.05 | % | ||||
ADR (average daily rate) |
$ | 190.94 | $ | 182.04 | ||||
RevPAR (revenue per available room) |
$ | 153.50 | $ | 143.90 | ||||
Room revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 132,852 | $ | 117,054 | ||||
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 178,388 | $ | 160,030 |
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Rooms Revenue . Rooms revenue from our hotels increased $15.8 million, or 13.5%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 (the 2013 period) compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 (the 2012 period). During the 2013 period, we experienced a 134 basis point increase in occupancy and a 4.9% increase in room rates as the economy continued to improve. Rooms revenue at The Capital Hilton increased $857,000 which was primarily attributable to the presidential inauguration in the 2013 period. Rooms revenue increased $17,000 at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. Rooms revenue at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines has improved since the completion of a major renovation earlier in the 2013 period. Additionally, our six Marriott-managed hotels had 24 additional days in the 2013 period when compared to the 2012 period.
Food and Beverage Revenue . Food and beverage revenues from our hotels increased $1.7 million, or 4.6%, to $37.8 million during the 2013 period. This increase is primarily attributable to our six Marriott-managed hotels having 24 additional days in the 2013 period when compared to the 2012 period, offset by lower food and beverage revenue at The Capital Hilton and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. The Capital Hilton has been negatively affected by the sequestration and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines was negatively affected as a result of a major renovation.
Other Revenue . Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of telecommunications, parking and rentals, experienced an increase of $910,000 primarily attributable to our six Marriott-managed hotels that had 24 additional days in the 2013 period when compared to the 2012 period.
Rooms Expense . Rooms expense increased $3.5 million, or 13.2%, to $30.2 million in the 2013 period. Rooms margin was 77.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to 77.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase is attributable to higher rooms revenue as well as the 24 additional days during the 2013 period for our Marriott-managed hotels.
Food and Beverage Expense . Food and beverage expense increased $1.5 million, or 6.2%, to $25.3 million during the 2013 period. The increase is attributable to increased food and beverage revenue resulting from the 24 additional days during the 2013 period for our Marriott-managed hotels offset by lower food and beverage expense at The Capital Hilton and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines.
Other Operating Expenses . Other expense increased $4.2 million, or 9.9%, to $46.6 million in the 2013 period. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced an increase of $156,000 in direct expenses and an increase of $4.0 million in indirect expenses and incentive management fees in the 2013 period. The increase in indirect expenses is primarily attributable to higher general and administrative costs, increased repairs and maintenance and higher incentive management fees. The direct expenses were 1.8% of total hotel revenue for the 2013 period and 1.9% for the 2012 period.
Management Fees . Base management fees increased $951,000, or 14.2%, to $7.7 million in the 2013 period as a result of higher hotel revenue in the 2013 period.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other . Property taxes, insurance and other increased $1.1 million for the 2013 period to $8.7 million. The increase is primarily due to higher property taxes at one hotel property as a result of a higher assessed value in the 2013 period.
Depreciation and Amortization . Depreciation and amortization increased $667,000 for the 2013 period compared to the 2012 period due to a major renovation at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines during 2012 and early 2013.
Corporate General and Administrative . Corporate general and administrative expenses increased to $9.2 million in the 2013 period compared to $8.0 million in the 2012 period primarily due to additional expense associated with accelerated vestings of LTIP units of Ashford Trusts chairman emeritus as a result of his retirement and new role.
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Interest Income . Interest income was $19,000 for both the 2013 and 2012 periods.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs . Interest expense and amortization of loan costs increased $1.2 million to $24.6 million for the 2013 period from $23.4 million for the 2012 period as a result of a higher loan balance and a higher weighted average interest rate as a result of the refinance of our $141.7 million loan. The average LIBOR rates for the 2013 period and the 2012 period were 0.19% and 0.24%, respectively.
Write-off of Loan Costs and Exit Fees . In the 2013 period, we refinanced our $141.7 million mortgage loan due August 2013, with an outstanding balance of $141.0 million, with a $199.9 million mortgage loan due February 2018. As a result, we wrote-off unamortized loan costs of $472,000 and incurred additional loan costs of $1.5 million. In the 2012 period, we did not incur any write-offs of loan costs.
Unrealized Loss on Derivatives . We recorded an unrealized loss on derivatives of $31,000 for the 2013 period. The unrealized loss for the 2013 period is an unrealized loss on an interest rate cap entered into in conjunction with our $199.9 million mortgage loan. No unrealized gain or loss was recorded in the 2012 period. The fair value of the interest rate cap is primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time.
Income Tax Expense . We recorded income tax expense of $2.3 million and $3.3 million for the 2013 period and the 2012 period, respectively. The decrease in tax expense in the 2013 period is primarily due to lower profitability in our taxable corporate subsidiaries resulting from an increase in certain indirect expenses.
Loss from Consolidated Entity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests . The noncontrolling interest partner in a consolidated entity was allocated losses of $575,000 and $471,000 for the 2013 period and the 2012 period, respectively. At September 30, 2013, noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 160,811 | $ | 130,477 | $ | 30,334 | 23.2 | % | ||||||||
Food and beverage |
50,784 | 46,628 | 4,156 | 8.9 | % | |||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| 5,341 | (5,341 | ) | (100.0 | %) | ||||||||||
Other |
9,593 | 9,545 | 48 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
221,188 | 191,991 | 29,197 | 15.2 | % | |||||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
37,001 | 31,429 | 5,572 | 17.7 | % | |||||||||||
Food and beverage |
33,377 | 30,341 | 3,036 | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||
Other expenses |
59,013 | 49,949 | 9,064 | 18.1 | % | |||||||||||
Management fees |
9,360 | 7,246 | 2,114 | 29.2 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
138,751 | 118,965 | 19,786 | 16.6 | % | |||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
10,236 | 9,218 | 1,018 | 11.0 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,549 | 29,816 | (267 | ) | (0.9 | %) | ||||||||||
Corporate, general and administrative |
10,846 | 9,613 | 1,233 | 12.8 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total expenses |
189,382 | 167,612 | 21,770 | 13.0 | % | |||||||||||
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|
|
|
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Year Ended
December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
Operating income |
31,806 | 24,379 | 7,427 | 30.5 | % | |||||||||||
Interest income |
29 | 24 | 5 | 20.8 | % | |||||||||||
Other income |
| 9,673 | (9,673 | ) | (100.0 | %) | ||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(31,244 | ) | (31,803 | ) | 559 | (1.8 | %) | |||||||||
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|
|
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|
|||||||||
Income before income taxes |
591 | 2,273 | (1,682 | ) | (74.0 | %) | ||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(4,384 | ) | (2,636 | ) | (1,748 | ) | 66.3 | % | ||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net loss |
(3,793 | ) | (363 | ) | (3,430 | ) | 944.9 | % | ||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(752 | ) | 989 | (1,741 | ) | (176.0 | %) | |||||||||
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|
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|
|||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,545 | ) | $ | 626 | $ | (5,171 | ) | (826.0 | %) | ||||||
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Net loss represents the operating results of eight hotel properties for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. We began consolidating the operations of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown in Philadelphia, PA (Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown) on December 2, 2011. This hotel previously was under a triple-net operating lease for which we only recorded rental income through December 1, 2011. The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of our hotels for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Occupancy |
77.40 | % | 75.90 | % | ||||
ADR (average daily rate) |
$ | 181.13 | $ | 175.64 | ||||
RevPAR (revenue per available room) |
$ | 140.20 | $ | 133.31 | ||||
Room revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 160,811 | $ | 130,477 | ||||
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 221,188 | $ | 191,991 |
Rooms Revenue . Rooms revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2012) increased $30.3 million, or 23.2%, to $160.8 million from $130.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2011). During 2012, we experienced a 150 basis point increase in occupancy and a 3.1% increase in room rates as the economy continued to improve. Rooms revenue increased $21.7 million as a result of the related assignment to us of the remaining 11% ownership interest in an entity which previously held the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown under a triple-net lease until December 2011. Rooms revenue increased $1.8 million at the Seattle Marriott Waterfront as a result of the hotel being under renovation in 2011. These increases were offset by lower rooms revenue at The Capital Hilton during the fourth quarter of 2012 due to the U.S. federal government cutbacks and Hurricane Sandy.
Food and Beverage Revenue . Food and beverage revenue experienced an increase of $4.2 million, or 8.9%, to $50.8 million in 2012. Food and beverage revenue increased $3.8 million as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown.
Rental Income from Operating Leases . Rental income from the triple-net operating lease decreased $5.3 million in 2012 as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown.
Other Revenue . Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of telecommunications, parking and rent, experienced a slight increase of $48,000 during 2012.
Rooms Expense . Rooms expense increased $5.6 million or 17.7%, to $37.0 million in 2012. Rooms expense increased $4.6 million as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. Rooms margin increased 110 basis points from 75.9% to 77.0%.
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Food and Beverage Expense . Food and beverage expense increased $3.0 million, or 10.0%, to $33.4 million during 2012. Food and beverage expense increased $2.3 million as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown.
Other Operating Expense . Other expense increased $9.1 million, or 18.1%, to $59.0 million in 2012. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced increases of $171,000 in direct expenses and $8.9 million in indirect expenses. Of those amounts, increases in direct expenses of $98,000 and increases in indirect expenses of $7.3 million were attributable to consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. Direct expenses were 1.8% and 2.0% of total hotel revenue for 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Management Fees . Base management fees increased $2.1 million, or 29.2%, to $9.4 million in 2012. Base management fees increased $1.7 million as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The remaining increase is attributable to higher hotel revenue.
Property Taxes, Insurance, and Other . Property taxes, insurance, and other increased $1.0 million during 2012 to $10.2 million. The increase is primarily due to a $1.3 million increase in property taxes resulting from refunds and reductions in 2011 related to successful appeals and increased property value assessments related to certain hotels in 2012, partially offset by decreased insurance expense of $241,000 resulting from lower premiums for insurance policies and a reduction in deductibles for losses of $33,000.
Depreciation and Amortization . Depreciation and amortization decreased $267,000 for 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a decrease in depreciation for certain assets that became fully depreciated during 2012.
Corporate General and Administrative . Corporate general and administrative expenses increased $1.2 million to $10.8 million for 2012 compared to $9.6 million for 2011. This increase was primarily attributable to stock based compensation related to LTIP grants.
Interest Income . Interest income was $29,000 and $24,000 for 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Other Income . Through December 1, 2011, the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was held by an entity in which we had an ownership interest of 89% and was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant. Effective December 2, 2011, we obtained the remaining 11% ownership interest from our partner as a result of a dispute resolution. The triple-net lease agreement was canceled and the operating results of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown have been included in our combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011. We recognized a gain of $9.7 million for this transaction, consisting of the assignment of an $8.1 million note receivable and an agreement to retain $1.6 million of security deposits that were originally refundable.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs . Interest expense and amortization of loan costs decreased $559,000 to $31.2 million for 2012 from $31.8 million for 2011. The decrease is primarily due to lower loan balances in 2012 compared to 2011. The average LIBOR rates for 2012 and 2011 were 0.24% and 0.23%, respectively.
Income Tax Expense . We recorded income tax expense of $4.4 million and $2.6 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase in income tax expense in 2012 is primarily due to increased profitability in our taxable corporate subsidiaries.
(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests . Noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated entities were allocated income of $752,000 in 2012 and a loss of $989,000 during 2011. At December 31, 2012, noncontrolling interests in a consolidated entity represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
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Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
The following table summarizes the changes in key line items from our combined consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
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Rooms |
$ | 130,477 | $ | 114,940 | $ | 15,537 | 13.5 | % | ||||||||
Food and beverage |
46,628 | 42,410 | 4,218 | 9.9 | % | |||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
5,341 | 5,435 | (94 | ) | (1.7 | %) | ||||||||||
Other |
9,545 | 10,045 | (500 | ) | (5.0 | %) | ||||||||||
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Total hotel revenue |
191,991 | 172,830 | 19,161 | 11.1 | % | |||||||||||
Expenses |
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Hotel operating expenses: |
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Rooms |
31,429 | 28,625 | 2,804 | 9.8 | % | |||||||||||
Food and beverage |
30,341 | 28,382 | 1,959 | 6.9 | % | |||||||||||
Other expenses |
49,949 | 46,205 | 3,744 | 8.1 | % | |||||||||||
Management fees |
7,246 | 6,514 | 732 | 11.2 | % | |||||||||||
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Total hotel expenses |
118,965 | 109,726 | 9,239 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
9,218 | 10,243 | (1,025 | ) | (10.0 | %) | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,816 | 31,255 | (1,439 | ) | (4.6 | %) | ||||||||||
Corporate, general and administrative |
9,613 | 7,986 | 1,627 | 20.4 | % | |||||||||||
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Total expenses |
167,612 | 159,210 | 8,402 | 5.3 | % | |||||||||||
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Operating income |
24,379 | 13,620 | 10,759 | 79.0 | % | |||||||||||
Interest income |
24 | 88 | (64 | ) | (72.7 | %) | ||||||||||
Other income |
9,673 | | 9,673 | | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(31,803 | ) | (31,988 | ) | 185 | (0.6 | %) | |||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
| (28 | ) | 28 | (100.0 | %) | ||||||||||
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Income before income taxes |
2,273 | (18,308 | ) | 20,581 | (112.4 | %) | ||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,636 | ) | (628 | ) | (2,008 | ) | 319.7 | % | ||||||||
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Net loss |
(363 | ) | (18,936 | ) | 18,573 | (98.1 | %) | |||||||||
Loss from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling interests |
989 | 2,065 | (1,076 | ) | (52.1 | %) | ||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 626 | $ | (16,871 | ) | $ | 17,497 | (103.7 | %) | |||||||
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Net income (loss) represents the operating results of eight hotel properties for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. We began consolidating the operations of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown as of December 2, 2011. This hotel previously was under a triple-net operating lease for which we only recorded rental income through December 1, 2011.
The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of these hotels:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Occupancy |
75.90 | % | 71.85 | % | ||||
ADR (average daily rate) |
$ | 175.64 | $ | 165.80 | ||||
RevPAR (revenue per available room) |
$ | 133.33 | $ | 119.13 | ||||
Room revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 130,477 | $ | 114,940 | ||||
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 191,991 | $ | 172,830 |
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Rooms Revenue . Rooms revenue from our hotels increased $15.6 million, or 13.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2011 (2011) compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 (2010). During 2011, we experienced a 405 basis point increase in occupancy and a 5.9% increase in room rates as the economy continued to improve. Rooms revenue increased $1.1 million as a result of the related assignment to us of the remaining 11% ownership interest in an entity which previously held the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown under a triple-net lease until December 2011. The Capital Hilton had increased rooms revenue of $5.0 million resulting from a renovation during 2010 while the Courtyard San Francisco Downtown recognized higher rooms revenue of $3.6 million as a result of a strong convention market during 2011.
Food and Beverage Revenue . Food and beverage revenues from our hotels increased $4.2 million, or 9.9%, to $46.6 million during 2011. Food and beverage revenue increased $252,000 as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The remaining increase was attributable to increased banquet and catering business.
Rental Income from Operating Leases . Rental income of $5.3 million was recognized through December 1, 2011 for the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown that was leased to a third party under a triple-net basis. Effective December 2, 2011, Ashford Trust was assigned the remaining 11% ownership interest in the entity which previously held the hotel property under a triple-net lease. The lease agreement was canceled and the operating results of this hotel property have been included in our combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011.
Other Revenue . Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of telecommunications, parking and rentals, experienced a decrease of $500,000.
Rooms Expense . Rooms expense increased $2.8 million, or 9.8%, to $31.4 million in 2011. Rooms expense increased $278,000 as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. Rooms margin increased 82 basis points from 75.1% to 75.9%.
Food and Beverage Expense . Food and beverage expense increased $2.0 million, or 6.9%, to $30.3 million during 2011. Food and beverage expense increased $147,000 as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The remaining increase is primarily attributable to increased banquet and catering business.
Other Operating Expenses . Other expense increased $3.7 million, or 8.1%, to $49.9 million in 2011. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced decreases of $546,000 in direct expenses and increases of $4.3 million in indirect expenses and incentive management fees in 2011. Of those amounts, increases in direct expenses of $5,000 and increases in indirect expenses of $466,000 were attributable to consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The direct expenses were 2.0% of total hotel revenue for 2011 and 2.6% for 2010.
Management Fees . Base management fees increased $732,000, or 11.2%, to $7.2 million in 2011. Base management fees increased $88,000 as a result of consolidating the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The remaining increase is attributable to higher hotel revenue.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other . Property taxes, insurance and other decreased $1.0 million for 2011 to $9.2 million. The decrease is primarily due to an $862,000 reduction in property taxes resulting from our continued successful appeals as we secured significant reductions in the assessed value related to certain of our hotel properties and a reduction in deductibles for losses of $167,000.
Depreciation and Amortization . Depreciation and amortization decreased $1.4 million for 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to a decrease in depreciation for certain assets that had been fully depreciated during 2011.
81
Corporate General and Administrative . Corporate general and administrative expenses increased to $9.6 million in 2011 period compared to $8.0 million in 2010 as a result of higher allocated expenses.
Interest Income . Interest income was $24,000 and $88,000 for 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Other Income . Through December 1, 2011, the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown was held by an entity in which we had an 89% equity interest. Certain affiliates of Marriott International, Inc. held the other 11% equity interest and leased the hotel on a triple-net basis. Effective December 2, 2011, we obtained Marriotts 11% ownership interest and the triple-net lease was replaced with a management agreement with Courtyard Management Corporation dated effective December 3, 2011. In addition, on December 2, 2011, Marriot International Capital Corporation assigned to us an $8.1 million note receivable representing a loan made by Marriott to the Philadelphia Authority for Industrial Development to fund a tax-incremental financing loan benefiting the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. Pursuant to the tax increment financing, a portion of the real estate tax payments for the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown are used to repay the tax increment financing loan, which amounts are in turn used to repay the loan originally made by Marriott. The assignment of the 11% interest, the replacement of the triple net lease with a management agreement, and the assignment of the $8.1 million note receivable were given to us in exchange for our waiving all claims in a dispute with Marriott regarding an unrelated hotel. The cancellation of the triple-net lease and the operating results of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown have been included in our combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011. We recognized a gain of $9.7 million for this transaction, consisting of the assignment of an $8.1 million note receivable and an agreement to retain $1.6 million of security deposits that were originally refundable.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs . Interest expense and amortization of loan costs decreased $185,000 to $31.8 million for 2011 from $32.0 million for 2010. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower loan balances and slightly lower average LIBOR rates. The average LIBOR rates for 2011 and 2010 were 0.23% and 0.27%, respectively.
Unrealized Loss on Derivatives . We recorded an unrealized loss of $28,000 for 2010 on derivatives. The unrealized loss for 2010 is an unrealized loss on an interest rate cap. The fair value of the interest rate cap decreased during 2010 primarily due to the movements in the LIBOR forward curve used in determining the fair value and the passage of time. The interest rate cap expired in 2011. No unrealized gain or loss was recorded in 2011.
Income Tax Expense . We recorded an income tax expense of $2.6 million and $628,000 for 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in tax expense in 2011 is primarily due to increased profitability in our taxable corporate subsidiaries.
Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests . The noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated entities were allocated losses of $989,000 and $2.1 million during 2011 and 2010, respectively. At December 31, 2011, noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Hotel EBITDA, FFO and AFFO are made to help our investors in evaluating our operating performance.
EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to our company (or the eight-hotel group, as applicable) before interest expense and amortization of loan costs, interest income, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. We adjust EBITDA to exclude certain additional items such as write-off of loan costs and exit fees, non-cash items, and various other items which are detailed in the following table. We also present Hotel EBITDA, which is Adjusted EBITDA for the hotel properties before corporate general and administrative expense, before corporate-level property taxes, insurance and other items and after other adjustments shown in the following table.
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Unless otherwise indicated, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA exclude amounts attributable to the portion of our joint venture owned by the third party. We present EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA because we believe they reflect more accurately the ongoing performance of our hotel assets and other investments and provide more useful information to investors as they are indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payment requirements and working capital requirements, and they provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. We also believe, with respect to Hotel EBITDA, that property-level results provide investors with supplemental information on the ongoing operational performance of our hotels and effectiveness of the management companies operating our business on a property-level basis. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA exactly as we define these terms. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Hotel EBITDA do not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP as an indicator of liquidity.
The following table reconciles net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA on a historical basis for the eight hotels and a pro forma basis adjusted to reflect the completion of the separation and distribution and the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 10
Properties 2013 (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties 2013 (2) |
2013 | 2012 |
Pro Forma 10
Properties 2012 (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties 2012 (2) |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (7,468 | ) | $ | (4,508 | ) | $ | (968 | ) | $ | (4,096 | ) | $ | (19,967 | ) | $ | (16,723 | ) | $ | (3,793 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (18,936 | ) | |||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests |
575 | 575 | 575 | 471 | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | 989 | 2,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
2,434 | 1,389 | | | 7,314 | 6,169 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
(4,459 | ) | (2,544 | ) | (393 | ) | (3,625 | ) | (13,405 | ) | (11,306 | ) | (4,545 | ) | 626 | (16,871 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs (3) |
30,780 | 25,887 | 23,218 | 22,427 | 40,115 | 33,485 | 29,917 | 30,119 | 30,240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (3) |
28,825 | 21,984 | 20,498 | 20,012 | 37,727 | 28,606 | 26,625 | 26,659 | 27,727 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fee adjustment (5) |
176 | 176 | | | 374 | 374 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
2,951 | 2,376 | 2,255 | 3,287 | 5,268 | 4,549 | 4,384 | 2,636 | 628 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income (3) |
(22 | ) | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | (86 | ) | (75 | ) | (28 | ) | (23 | ) | (77 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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EBITDA |
58,251 | 47,861 | 45,560 | 42,083 | 69,993 | 55,633 | 56,353 | 60,017 | 41,647 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of unfavorable management contract liability |
(1,154 | ) | (119 | ) | (119 | ) | (109 | ) | (1,538 | ) | (158 | ) | (158 | ) | (158 | ) | (158 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
1,045 | 1,045 | 173 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees, net |
1,971 | 1,971 | 1,971 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uncollectible rental income |
712 | 712 | 712 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
140 | 140 | 31 | | | | | | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (4) |
| | | | | | | (9,673 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | | | 275 | 275 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 60,965 | $ | 51,610 | $ | 48,328 | $ | 41,974 | $ | 68,730 | $ | 55,750 | $ | 56,195 | $ | 50,186 | $ | 41,517 | ||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
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(2) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the option to acquire the Pier House Resort and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(3) | Net of adjustment for noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities. The following table presents the amounts of the adjustments for non-controlling interests for each line item: |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 10
Properties |
Pro Forma 9
Properties |
Historical |
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Pro Forma 10
Properties |
Pro Forma 9
Properties |
Historical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
$ | (1,353 | ) | $ | (1,353 | ) | $ | (1,353 | ) | $ | (995 | ) | $ | (1,327 | ) | $ | (1,327 | ) | $ | (1,327 | ) | $ | (1,684 | ) | $ | (1,748 | ) | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(2,366 | ) | (2,366 | ) | (2,366 | ) | (2,185 | ) | (2,924 | ) | (2,924 | ) | (2,924 | ) | (3,157 | ) | (3,528 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
(4) | Other income recognized for the acquisition of 11% ownership interest in an entity obtained as a result of a dispute resolution. |
(5) | Represents a contractual adjustment to management fees for differences between the management fee the seller was obligated to pay and the management fee the company contracted to pay. |
The following table further reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to Hotel EBITDA on a historical basis for the eight hotels and a pro forma basis adjusted to reflect the completion of the separation and distribution and the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 10
Properties 2013 (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties 2013 (2) |
2013 | 2012 |
Pro Forma 10
Properties 2012 (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties 2012 (2) |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 60,965 | $ | 51,610 | $ | 48,328 | $ | 41,974 | $ | 68,730 | $ | 55,750 | $ | 56,195 | $ | 50,186 | $ | 41,517 | ||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA adjustments attributable to JV partner |
3,718 | 3,718 | 3,718 | 3,179 | 4,250 | 4,250 | 4,250 | 4,840 | 5,265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
(2,180 | ) | (1,964 | ) | (575 | ) | (471 | ) | (6,562 | ) | (5,417 | ) | 752 | (989 | ) | (2,065 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA (including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interest) |
62,503 | 53,364 | 51,471 | 44,682 | 66,418 | 54,583 | 61,197 | 54,037 | 44,717 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated corporate general and administrative |
14,554 | 13,210 | 9,223 | 7,994 | 26,424 | 23,721 | 10,847 | 9,614 | 7,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated corporate property taxes, insurance, and other |
355 | 277 | 536 | 496 | 162 | 108 | 838 | 1,279 | 400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown adjustment from triple net lease (3) |
| | | | | | | 1,204 | (196 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unfavorable contract liability |
1,154 | 119 | 119 | 109 | 1,538 | 158 | 158 | 158 | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA (including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interest |
78,566 | 66,970 | 61,349 | 53,281 | 94,542 | 78,570 | 73,040 | 66,292 | 53,065 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(4,761 | ) | (4,761 | ) | (4,761 | ) | (4,830 | ) | (6,046 | ) | (6,046 | ) | (6,046 | ) | (6,753 | ) | (5,320 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA |
$ | 73,805 | $ | 62,209 | $ | 56,588 | $ | 48,451 | $ | 88,496 | $ | 72,524 | $ | 66,994 | $ | 59,539 | $ | 47,745 | ||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(2) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the option to acquire the Pier House Resort and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(3) | Includes operations for Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown as opposed to triple net lease rent through December 1, 2011. |
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The following table reconciles hotel-level net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA on a property-by-property basis for each of the eight hotels and on a corporate basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The
Capital Hilton |
Hilton
La Jolla Torrey Pines |
Courtyard
San Francisco Downtown |
Courtyard
Seattle Downtown |
Marriott
Plano Legacy Town Center |
Seattle
Marriott Waterfront |
Renaissance
Tampa International Plaza |
Courtyard
Philadelphia Downtown |
Corporate /
Allocated (1) |
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. |
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 4,662 | $ | 1,682 | $ | 7,951 | $ | 2,818 | $ | 3,769 | $ | 6,913 | $ | 2,093 | $ | 4,183 | $ | (34,464 | ) | $ | (393 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
1,648 | 632 | | | | | | | (2,855 | ) | (575 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
6,310 | 2,314 | 7,951 | 2,818 | 3,769 | 6,913 | 2,093 | 4,183 | (37,319 | ) | (968 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non Property Adjustments (2) |
| | | | | | | | 15,535 | 15,535 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | (12 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| | | | | | | 1,547 | 21,199 | 22,746 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
| | | | | | | 24 | 448 | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5,628 | 4,335 | 1,653 | 1,398 | 2,780 | 2,749 | 1,666 | 2,656 | (2,367 | ) | 20,498 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
225 | 225 | | | | | | | 1,805 | 2,255 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
(18 | ) | 27 | 14 | 32 | 24 | 19 | 5 | 15 | 711 | 829 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA (including amounts attributable to non-controlling interest) |
$ | 12,144 | $ | 6,900 | $ | 9,617 | $ | 4,248 | $ | 6,572 | $ | 9,680 | $ | 3,764 | $ | 8,424 | $ | | $ | 61,349 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(3,036 | ) | (1,725 | ) | | | | | | | | (4,761 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA attributable to the Company |
$ | 9,108 | $ | 5,175 | $ | 9,617 | $ | 4,248 | $ | 6,572 | $ | 9,680 | $ | 3,764 | $ | 8,424 | $ | | $ | 56,588 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Represents expenses not recorded at the individual hotel property level. |
(2) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
85
The following table reconciles hotel-level net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA on a property-by-property basis for each of the eight hotels and on a corporate basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The
Capital Hilton |
Hilton
La Jolla Torrey Pines |
Courtyard
San Francisco Downtown |
Courtyard
Seattle Downtown |
Marriott
Plano Legacy Town Center |
Seattle
Marriott Waterfront |
Renaissance
Tampa International Plaza |
Courtyard
Philadelphia Downtown |
Corporate /
Allocated (1) |
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 4,392 | $ | 1,756 | $ | 4,703 | $ | 2,101 | $ | 3,048 | $ | 4,571 | $ | 2,130 | $ | 2,768 | $ | (29,094 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
1,545 | 665 | | | | | | | (2,681 | ) | (471 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
5,937 | 2,421 | 4,703 | 2,101 | 3,048 | 4,571 | 2,130 | 2,768 | (31,775 | ) | (4,096 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non Property Adjustments (2) |
| | | | | | | | 11,524 | 11,524 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) | (10 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| | | | | | | 1,571 | 20,086 | 21,657 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
| | | | | | | 25 | 745 | 770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5,597 | 3,627 | 2,128 | 1,322 | 2,484 | 2,834 | 1,642 | 2,564 | (2,186 | ) | 20,012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
630 | 1,041 | | | | | | | 1,616 | 3,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
66 | 3 | 2 | 57 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | | 145 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA (including amounts attributable to non-controlling interest) |
$ | 12,229 | $ | 7,091 | $ | 6,831 | $ | 3,479 | $ | 5,544 | $ | 7,405 | $ | 3,773 | $ | 6,929 | $ | | $ | 53,281 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(3,057 | ) | (1,773 | ) | | | | | | | | (4,830 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA attributable to the Company |
$ | 9,172 | $ | 5,318 | $ | 6,831 | $ | 3,479 | $ | 5,544 | $ | 7,405 | $ | 3,773 | $ | 6,929 | $ | | $ | 48,451 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Represents expenses not recorded at the individual hotel property level. |
(2) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
86
The following table reconciles hotel-level net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA on a property-by-property basis for each of the eight hotels and on a corporate basis for the year ended December 31, 2012 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The
Capital Hilton |
Hilton
La Jolla Torrey Pines |
Courtyard
San Francisco Downtown |
Courtyard
Seattle Downtown |
Marriott
Plano Legacy Town Center |
Seattle
Marriott Waterfront |
Renaissance
Tampa International Plaza |
Courtyard
Philadelphia Downtown |
Corporate /
Allocated (1) |
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. |
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 5,144 | $ | 2,592 | $ | 7,363 | $ | 3,037 | $ | 5,045 | $ | 6,724 | $ | 2,950 | $ | 4,337 | $ | (41,737 | ) | $ | (4,545 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
1,824 | 966 | | | | | | | (2,038 | ) | 752 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
6,968 | 3,558 | 7,363 | 3,037 | 5,045 | 6,724 | 2,950 | 4,337 | (43,775 | ) | (3,793 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non Property Adjustments (2) |
| | | | | | | | 15,583 | 15,583 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(1 | ) | (2 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | (16 | ) | (28 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| | | | | | | 2,096 | 27,788 | 29,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
| | | | | | | 33 | | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
7,474 | 4,855 | 2,773 | 1,778 | 3,338 | 3,783 | 2,193 | 3,356 | (2,925 | ) | 26,625 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
572 | 484 | | | | | | (17 | ) | 3,345 | 4,384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
272 | 3 | 2 | 46 | 10 | 16 | 1 | 2 | | 352 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA (including amounts attributable to non-controlling interest) |
$ | 15,285 | $ | 8,898 | $ | 10,135 | $ | 4,860 | $ | 8,392 | $ | 10,521 | $ | 5,144 | $ | 9,805 | $ | | $ | 73,040 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(3,821 | ) | (2,225 | ) | | | | | | | | (6,046 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA attributable to the Company |
$ | 11,464 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 10,135 | $ | 4,860 | $ | 8,392 | $ | 10,521 | $ | 5,144 | $ | 9,805 | $ | | $ | 66,994 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Represents expenses not recorded at the individual hotel property level. |
(2) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
87
The following table reconciles hotel-level net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA on a property-by-property basis for each of the eight hotels and on a corporate basis for the year ended December 31, 2011 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The
Capital Hilton |
Hilton
La Jolla Torrey Pines |
Courtyard
San Francisco Downtown |
Courtyard
Seattle Downtown |
Marriott
Plano Legacy Town Center |
Seattle
Marriott Waterfront |
Renaissance
Tampa International Plaza |
Courtyard
Philadelphia Downtown |
Corporate /
Allocated (1) |
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. |
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 5,731 | $ | 1,743 | $ | 5,764 | $ | 2,847 | $ | 4,745 | $ | 5,640 | $ | 2,221 | $ | 480 | $ | (28,545 | ) | $ | 626 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
1,876 | 760 | | | | | | 184 | (3,809 | ) | (989 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
7,607 | 2,503 | 5,764 | 2,847 | 4,745 | 5,640 | 2,221 | 664 | (32,354 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non Property Adjustments (3) |
| | | | | | | | 5,913 | 5,913 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(1 | ) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | | (1 | ) | (14 | ) | (23 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expense |
| | | | | | | 2,096 | 27,990 | 30,086 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
| | | | | | | 33 | | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
7,253 | 5,246 | 2,765 | 1,707 | 3,179 | 3,729 | 2,156 | 3,782 | (3,158 | ) | 26,659 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
18 | 885 | | | | | | 110 | 1,623 | 2,636 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment for Philadelphia CY triple net lease to operations (1) |
| | | | | | | 1,204 | | 1,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
1 | | | | | 10 | | 136 | | 147 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA |
$ | 14,878 | $ | 8,632 | $ | 8,528 | $ | 4,553 | $ | 7,923 | $ | 9,377 | $ | 4,377 | $ | 8,024 | $ | | $ | 66,292 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(3,720 | ) | (2,158 | ) | | | | | | (875 | ) | | (6,753 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA attributable to the Company |
$ | 11,158 | $ | 6,474 | $ | 8,528 | $ | 4,553 | $ | 7,923 | $ | 9,377 | $ | 4,377 | $ | 7,149 | $ | | $ | 59,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Includes operations for Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, as opposed to triple net lease rent through December 1, 2011. |
(2) | Represents expenses not recorded at the individual hotel property level. |
(3) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
88
The following table reconciles hotel-level net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA on a property-by-property basis for each of the eight hotels and on a corporate basis for the year ended December 31, 2010 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The
Capital Hilton |
Hilton
La Jolla Torrey Pines |
Courtyard
San Francisco Downtown |
Courtyard
Seattle Downtown |
Marriott
Plano Legacy Town Center |
Seattle
Marriott Waterfront |
Renaissance
Tampa International Plaza |
Courtyard
Philadelphia Downtown |
Corporate /
Allocated (1) |
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. |
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Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | 4,444 | $ | 741 | $ | 2,888 | $ | 1,454 | $ | 3,780 | $ | 4,393 | $ | 1,054 | $ | 38 | $ | (35,663 | ) | $ | (16,871 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interest |
1,071 | 354 | | | | | | 148 | (3,638 | ) | (2,065 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
5,515 | 1,095 | 2,888 | 1,454 | 3,780 | 4,393 | 1,054 | 186 | (39,301 | ) | (18,936 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non Property Adjustments (3) |
| | | | | | | | 13,679 | 13,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
(37 | ) | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (6 | ) | | (2 | ) | (24 | ) | (77 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| | | | | | | 2,096 | 28,111 | 30,207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
| | | | | | | 33 | | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
6,445 | 6,103 | 2,723 | 2,464 | 3,009 | 4,032 | 2,578 | 3,902 | (3,529 | ) | 27,727 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(553 | ) | 18 | | | | | | 99 | 1,064 | 628 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment for Philadelphia CY triple net lease to operations (1) |
| | | | | | | (196 | ) | | (196 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA |
$ | 11,370 | $ | 7,215 | $ | 5,608 | $ | 3,915 | $ | 6,788 | $ | 8,419 | $ | 3,632 | $ | 6,118 | $ | | $ | 53,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Hotel EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(2,843 | ) | (1,804 | ) | | | | | | (673 | ) | | (5,320 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hotel EBITDA attributable to the Company |
$ | 8,527 | $ | 5,411 | $ | 5,608 | $ | 3,915 | $ | 6,788 | $ | 8,419 | $ | 3,632 | $ | 5,445 | $ | | $ | 47,745 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Includes operations for Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, as opposed to triple net lease rent through December 1, 2011. |
(2) | Represents expenses not recorded at the individual property level. |
(3) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
We calculate FFO and AFFO in the following table. FFO is calculated on the basis defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), which is net income (loss) attributable to our company (or the eight-hotel group, as applicable), computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. Our calculation of AFFO excludes write-off of loan costs and exit fees, non-cash items, and various other items as detailed in the following table. FFO and AFFO exclude amounts attributable to the portion of our joint venture owned by the third party. We consider FFO and AFFO to be appropriate measures of our ongoing normalized operating performance as a REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO and AFFO do not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. FFO and AFFO are also not indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO and AFFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in the combined consolidated financial statements.
89
The following table reconciles net loss to FFO and Adjusted FFO on a historical basis for the eight hotels and on a pro forma basis adjusted to reflect the completion of the separation and distribution and the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott (in thousands) (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 10
Properties (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties (2) |
Historical |
Pro Forma 10
Properties (1) |
Pro Forma 9
Properties (2) |
Historical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (7,468 | ) | $ | (4,508 | ) | $ | (968 | ) | $ | (4,096 | ) | $ | (19,967 | ) | $ | (16,723 | ) | $ | (3,793 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (18,936 | ) | |||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests |
575 | 575 | 575 | 471 | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | (752 | ) | 989 | 2,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
2,434 | 1,389 | | | 7,314 | 6,169 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders |
(4,459 | ) | (2,544 | ) | (393 | ) | (3,625 | ) | (13,405 | ) | (11,306 | ) | (4,545 | ) | 626 | (16,871 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate (1) |
28,825 | 21,984 | 20,498 | 20,012 | 37,727 | 28,606 | 26,625 | 26,659 | 27,727 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FFO available to common stockholders |
24,366 | 19,440 | 20,105 | 16,387 | 24,322 | 17,300 | 22,080 | 27,285 | 10,856 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees, net |
1,971 | 1,971 | 1,971 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uncollectible rental income |
712 | 712 | 712 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
1,045 | 1,045 | 173 | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (2) |
| | | | | | | (9,673 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
140 | 140 | 31 | | | | | | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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AFFO available to common stockholders |
$ | 28,234 | $ | 23,308 | $ | 22,992 | $ | 16,387 | $ | 24,322 | $ | 17,300 | $ | 22,080 | $ | 17,612 | $ | 10,884 | ||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the options to acquire the Pier House Resort and the Crystal Gateway Marriott and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(2) | Pro forma information reflects the completion of the separation and distribution, the exercise of the option to acquire the Pier House Resort and the completion of this offering, including the issuance and sale of shares in this offering. |
(3) | Net of adjustment for noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities. The following table presents the amounts of the adjustments for non-controlling interests for each line item: |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 10
Properties |
Pro Forma 9
Properties |
Historical |
Pro Forma 10
Properties |
Pro Forma 9
Properties |
Historical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate |
$ | (2,366 | ) | $ | (2,366 | ) | $ | (2,366 | ) | $ | (2,185 | ) | $ | (2,924 | ) | $ | (2,924 | ) | $ | (2,924 | ) | $ | (3,157 | ) | $ | (3,528 | ) |
(2) | Other income recognized for the acquisition of 11% ownership interest in an entity as a result of a dispute resolution. |
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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA for the Pier House Resort for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 30, 2012 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
Year Ended
December 31, |
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2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,828 | $ | 2,170 | ||||
Non Property Adjustments (1) |
1,337 | 293 | ||||||
Interest income |
| (47 | ) | |||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
901 | 1,626 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,385 | 1,489 | ||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
109 | | ||||||
Income tax expense |
56 | | ||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
5 | | ||||||
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Hotel EBITDA |
$ | 5,621 | $ | 5,531 | ||||
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(1) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Hotel EBITDA for the Crystal Gateway Marriott for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the years ended December 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands) (unaudited):
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
Year Ended
December 31, |
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2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Net income |
$ | 951 | $ | 492 | ||||
Non Property Adjustments (1) |
1,476 | 1,718 | ||||||
Interest income |
(4 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
4,893 | 6,630 | ||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
| | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,309 | 5,836 | ||||||
Income tax expense |
951 | 1,303 | ||||||
Non-Hotel EBITDA ownership expense |
20 | 4 | ||||||
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Hotel EBITDA |
$ | 11,596 | $ | 15,972 | ||||
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(1) | Includes allocated amounts which were not specific to hotel properties, such as corporate taxes, insurance and legal expenses. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotels, including:
| advisory fees payable to Ashford Advisor; |
| recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our initial hotels in accordance with brand standards; |
| interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness, including our secured revolving credit facility (see Contractual Obligations and Commitments); |
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| distributions necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT; and |
| capital expenditures to improve our hotels. |
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional hotels and redevelopments, renovations, expansions and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to our hotels and scheduled debt payments. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including our secured revolving credit facility and future equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term hotel mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.
Our hotels will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of hotels will require significant capital outlays. We may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Certain of our loan agreements contain cash trap provisions that may be triggered if the performance of our hotels decline. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by our hotels is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of our various lenders. Cash is not distributed to us at any time after the cash trap provisions have been triggered until we have cured the performance issues. Currently, none of the cash trap provisions of our loans are triggered.
Revolving Credit Facility
Concurrently with completion of the spin-off, on November 19, 2013, we entered into a three-year, $150 million secured revolving credit facility, which we believe will provide us with significant financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and hotel redevelopments.
The credit facility is provided by a syndicate of financial institutions with Bank of America, N.A. serving as the administrative agent to Ashford Prime OP as the borrower. We and certain of our subsidiaries guarantee the credit facility. The facility is secured by a pledge of 100% of the equity interests we hold in Ashford Prime OP and 100% of the equity interest issued by any guarantor (other than Ashford Prime) or any other subsidiary of ours that is not restricted under its loan documents or organizational documents from having its equity pledged (subject to certain exclusions), all mortgage receivables held by the borrower or any guarantor, and certain deposit accounts and securities accounts held by the borrower and any guarantor. The proceeds of the credit facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, property acquisitions, and any other lawful purposes.
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The credit facility also contains customary terms, covenants, negative covenants, events of default, limitations and other conditions for credit facilities of this type. Subject to certain exceptions, we are subject to restrictions on incurring additional indebtedness, mergers and fundamental changes, sales or other dispositions of property, changes in the nature of our business, investments, and capital expenditures.
We also are subject to certain financial covenants, as set forth below, which will be tested on a consolidated basis and include, but are not limited to, the following:
| Consolidated indebtedness (less cash and cash equivalents and amounts represented by marketable securities) to EBITDA not to exceed 7.00x initially, with such ratio being reduced beginning December 1, 2014 to 6.5x and beginning December 1, 2015 to 5.75x; provided however, that a one-time allowance will be made if we are out of compliance with such covenant by an amount of 0.50x for the first three fiscal quarters following a significant acquisition occurring after November 30, 2014. |
| Consolidated recourse indebtedness other than the credit facility not to exceed $50,000,000. |
| Consolidated fixed charge coverage ratios not less than 1.15x initially, with such ratio being increased beginning December 1, 2014 to 1.25x and beginning December 1, 2015 to 1.35x. |
| Indebtedness of the consolidated parties that accrues interest at a variable rate (other than the credit facility) that is not subject to a cap, collar, or other similar arrangement not to exceed 25% of consolidated indebtedness. |
| Consolidated tangible net worth not less than 75% of the consolidated tangible net worth on the closing date of the credit facility plus 75% of the net proceeds of any future equity issuances. |
| Secured debt that is secured by real property (excluding our initial eight hotels and, if we exercise our option to acquire it, the Crystal Gateway Marriott) not to exceed 70% of the asis appraised value of such real property. |
All financial covenants will be tested and certified by the borrower on a quarterly basis. If we acquire the Pier House Resort, the amounts and effects of such acquisition will be excluded in the calculation of the financial covenants for the first four quarters following such acquisition.
The credit facility includes customary events of default, and the occurrence of an event of default will permit the lenders to terminate commitments to lend under the facility and accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. If a default occurs and is continuing, we will be precluded from making distributions on our shares of common stock (other than those required to allow us to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, so long as such default does not arise from a payment default or event of insolvency).
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR for a designated interest period plus an applicable margin, or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings under the credit facility for base rate loans range from 1.25% to 2.75% per annum and the applicable margin for borrowings under the credit facility for LIBOR loans range from 2.25% to 3.75% per annum, depending on the ratio of consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA described above, with the lowest rate applying if such ratio is less than 4x, and the highest rate applying if such ratio is greater than 6.5x.
The facility is a three-year interest-only facility with all outstanding principal being due at maturity, subject to two one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions. The credit facility has an accordion feature whereby the aggregate commitments may be expanded up to $300 million dollars, subject to certain terms and conditions. No amounts were drawn under the facility as of December 18, 2013.
We intend to repay indebtedness incurred under our secured revolving credit facility from time to time out of net cash provided by operations and from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities, as market conditions permit. See Our Business and PropertiesOur Indebtedness.
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Indebtedness
As of September 30, 2013, we had approximately $624.0 million in outstanding indebtedness. The following table sets forth our indebtedness (in thousands):
Originator/(Securitization Vehicle) Property(ies) |
Number of
Assets Encumbered |
Outstanding
Balance at September 30, 2013 |
Effective
Annual Interest Rate at September 30, 2013 |
Amortization
Period (Years) |
Maturity
Date |
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Aareal Capital Corporation (not securitized) |
2 | $ | 198,666 | (1) | 3.68 | % (1) | 30 | Feb-2018 | ||||||||||
The Capital Hilton, Washington, DC |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA |
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Wells Fargo (WBCMT 2007-C32, |
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Loan No. 502860793) |
1 | 34,420 | 5.91 | % | 30 (2) | Apr-2017 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, Philadelphia, PA |
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Wells Fargo (WBCMT 2007-C31, |
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Loan No. 502860051) |
2 | 126,147 | 5.95 | % | 30 (2) | Apr-2017 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown, Seattle, WA |
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Courtyard San Francisco Downtown, San Francisco, CA |
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Wells Fargo (WBCMT 2007-C33, |
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Loan No. 502859541) |
3 | 256,698 | 5.95 | % | 30 (2) | Apr-2017 | ||||||||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center, Plano, TX |
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Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Seattle, WA |
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Renaissance Tampa International Plaza, Tampa, FL |
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TIF Loan (not securitized) (3) |
| 8,098 | 12.85 | % | Interest Only (4) | Jun-2018 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, Philadelphia, PA |
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Total/Weighted Average |
8 | $ | 624,029 | 5.32 | % | |||||||||||||
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(1) | Interest rate is variable at LIBOR plus 3.50%. In connection with the origination of this loan, Ashford Trust entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a counterparty, and the terms of that agreement provide for a LIBOR cap of 3.00%. |
(2) | Loan was interest only at origination in 2007 but began amortizing in May 2012. |
(3) | This loan relates to a tax increment financing district in the City of Philadelphia with respect to which we also hold a note receivable in the same principal amount and on the same terms. |
(4) | Principal amortization to the extent of excess tax revenues. |
We intend to invest our initial capital contribution from the spin-off into additional hotel properties rather than repaying the assumed mortgage debt secured by our hotels because we believe that the costs associated with repaying the assumed mortgage debt at this time would be excessive and outweigh the benefits of investing the capital in additional hotel properties. We do not plan to use the proceeds from this offering to repay indebtedness. The Aareal Capital Corporation loan may not be prepaid prior to February 26, 2014, and for two years thereafter, the loan can only be prepaid with a prepayment fee of 0.5% in the first year (February 27, 2014February 26, 2015) and 0.25% for the second year (February 27, 2015February 26, 2016), except that the loan may be prepaid in certain limited circumstances without a prepayment fee and may be prepaid upon a permitted transfer in connection with a property resale and after a one year lockout, with a prepayment fee. The Wells Fargo loans cannot be prepaid prior to February 11, 2017, but may be defeased if certain conditions are satisfied.
The loans identified in the table above were assumed in connection with the spin-off and include various financial cash trap triggers, including the following:
| The Wells Fargo loans each have a 1.10x debt service coverage ratio requirement, and if we are unable to maintain that level of debt service coverage, substantially all of the net cash flow from those hotels will be held as additional collateral in an account for the benefit of the lender. |
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| The Aareal Capital Corporation loan has a mandatory partial prepayment obligation if the debt service coverage ratio is less than 1.05x in an amount necessary to achieve a debt service coverage ratio of at least 1.05x; additionally, if the assumed debt service, as defined in the loan agreements, falls below 1.25x, substantially all of the net cash flow from the hotels will be held as additional collateral in an account for the benefit of the lender, and if the assumed debt service remains below 1.25x for 12 months, the lender can apply the held cash to loan paydown. |
As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance with the aforementioned financial covenants.
Sources and Uses of Cash
As of September 30, 2013, we had $14.1 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to $20.3 million at December 31, 2012, and $16.5 million at December 31, 2011.
We anticipate that our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements will include cash on hand (including approximately $139.3 million that we received from Ashford Trust in connection with the spin-off), positive cash flow from operations and capital market activities. We anticipate using funds to pay for (i) capital expenditures for our initial hotels estimated to be approximately $20.1 million through 2014, which includes approximately $9.8 million in expenditures for the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown over the next 12 months (primarily for a guest room renovation), (ii) new investments, including $24.7 million for the anticipated acquisition of the Pier House Resort, and (iii) debt interest and principal payments estimated to be approximately $50.4 million through 2014.
Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities . Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $30.5 million and $21.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to increased Hotel EBITDA. Cash flows from operations are also impacted by changes in restricted cash due to the release of cash deposits for certain loans and capital expenditures as well as the timing of collecting receivables from hotel guests, paying vendors, and settling with hotel managers.
Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $27.9 million and $15.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to increased Hotel EBITDA and the timing of collecting receivables from hotel guests, paying vendors, and settling with hotel manager, offset by an increase in restricted cash due to the timing of cash deposits for certain loans and capital expenditures.
Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities . For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, investing activities used net cash flows of $17.4 million and $7.5 million, respectively. These cash outlays were attributable to capital improvements made to various hotel properties.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, investing activities used net cash flows of $11.9 million and $10.3 million, respectively. These cash outlays were attributable to capital improvements made to various hotel properties.
Net Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, net cash flows used in financing activities were $19.4 million. Cash outlays primarily consisted of $146.7 million for repayments of indebtedness, $15.7 million for distributions to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entity, $78.1 million of distributions to Ashford Trust and payments of loan costs and prepayment penalties of $2.8 million. These outflows were partially offset by borrowings on indebtedness of $199.9 million and contributions from Ashford Trust of $24.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, net cash flows used in financing activities were $12.6 million. Cash outlays consisted of $4.9 million for repayments of indebtedness, $21.7 million related to distributions to Ashford Trust and $212,000 for distributions to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entity. These cash outlays were partially offset by cash inflows of $14.2 million related to contributions from Ashford Trust.
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For the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash flows used in financing activities were $12.1 million. Cash outlays consisted of $7.2 million for repayments of indebtedness, $212,000 for distributions to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entities and $24.1 million of distributions to Ashford Trust partially offset by contributions from Ashford Trust of $19.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, net cash flows used in financing activities were $3.1 million. Cash outlays consisted of $4.7 million for repayments of indebtedness, $491,000 for distributions to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entities and $22.0 million related to distributions to Ashford Trust. These cash outlays were partially offset by cash inflows of $24.1 million related to contributions from Ashford Trust.
Inflation
We rely entirely on the performance of our properties and the ability of the properties managers to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Hotel operators can generally increase room rates rather quickly, but competitive pressures may limit their ability to raise rates faster than inflation. Our general and administrative costs, real estate and personal property taxes, property and casualty insurance, and utilities are subject to inflation as well.
Seasonality
Our properties operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our future REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize other cash on hand or borrowings to fund required distributions. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 we did not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements and do not currently anticipate entering into any such arrangements.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The table below summarizes future obligations for principal and estimated interest payments on our debt and future minimum lease payments on our operating and capital leases, each as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
< 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | >5 Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Contractual obligations excluding extension options: |
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Long-term debt obligations (1) |
$ | 147,141 | $ | 11,973 | $ | 403,597 | $ | 8,098 | $ | 570,809 | ||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
2,248 | 4,358 | 4,242 | 70,244 | 81,092 | |||||||||||||||
Estimated interest obligations (2) |
27,456 | 48,735 | 31,662 | | 107,853 | |||||||||||||||
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Total contractual obligations |
$ | 176,845 | $ | 65,066 | $ | 439,501 | $ | 78,342 | $ | 759,754 | ||||||||||
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(1) | On February 26, 2013, Ashford Trust refinanced the $141.7 million loan due August 2013, which had an outstanding balance of $141.0 million, with a $199.9 million loan due February 2018. |
(2) | For variable-rate indebtedness, interest obligations are estimated based on the LIBOR interest rate as of December 31, 2012. |
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In addition to the amounts discussed above, we also have management agreements which require us to pay monthly management fees, incentive fees, group service fees and other general fees, if required. These management agreements expire from 2016 through 2041. See Note 10 of the unaudited interim Notes to the Combined Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 2013 included in this prospectus.
Some of our loan agreements contain financial and other covenants, as described above under Indebtedness. If we violate these covenants, we could be required to repay a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our debt instruments that bear interest at variable rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. We seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower the overall borrowing costs by closely monitoring our variable-rate debt and converting such debt to fixed rates when we deem such conversion advantageous. From time to time, we may enter into interest rate swap agreements or other interest rate hedging contracts. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates, they also expose us to the risks that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under GAAP guidance.
To the extent that we acquire assets or conduct operations in an international jurisdiction, we will also have currency exchange risk. We may enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to manage interest rate and currency fluctuations. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.
At September 30, 2013, the total indebtedness of $624.0 million included $198.7 million of variable-rate debt. The impact on the results of operations of a 25-basis point change in interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at September 30, 2013 would be approximately $497,000 per year. Interest rate changes will have no impact on the remaining $425.3 million of fixed rate debt.
The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. The information presented above includes those exposures that existed at September 30, 2013, but it does not consider exposures or positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at the time, and the related interest rates.
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LODGING MARKET INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Lodging Fundamentals
The U.S. lodging industry is in the fourth year of what we anticipate will be a continuing recovery from the recent financial crisis and related economic recession. We believe this is an attractive point in the lodging investment cycle.
The deteriorating economic environment from the recession, combined with above average U.S. hotel supply growth in 2008 and 2009, contributed to a combined 18.7% decline in RevPAR from the end of 2007 to the end of 2009, according to data published by Smith Travel Research. RevPAR growth turned positive in 2010 and grew at rates of 5.4%, 8.1% and 6.7% respectively in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Given the strong correlation between room night demand and growth in GDP, we believe the current projections of a gradual but consistent growth in GDP provides an attractive backdrop for a sustained recovery phase of the lodging cycle.
We believe we are currently entering the most profitable years of the current cycle resulting from favorable supply and demand dynamics. According to data provided by PKF Hospitality Research, LLC, hotel demand is expected to increase at a 2.6% compound annual rate from 2013 to 2016. This growth in demand represents a nearly 37% premium relative to the 25-year average per Smith Travel Research. At the same time, hotel supply is forecasted to grow more slowly, at a 1.5% compound annual rate from 2013 to 2016 including growth of 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively, for 2014 and 2015. The combination of strong growth in room night demand with limited addition to supply should provide hotel owners with the opportunity to drive increases in ADR as industry occupancy exceeds long-term averages.
Given the high degree of operating leverage in the lodging industry, we believe that increases in ADR should result in significant gains in RevPAR and Hotel EBITDA. PKF Hospitality Research, LLC projects industry-wide RevPAR to grow 6.6% in 2014, 7.5% in 2015 and 4.8% in 2016, and a compounded annual growth rate of 6.3% for 2013 to 2016. This is over two times the historical long-term annual average RevPAR growth rate of 2.9%.
We believe the prevailing industry supply and demand dynamic presents compelling growth opportunities for our portfolio of well-capitalized and well-located upscale and upper-upscale hotels. PKF Hospitality Research, LLC further predicts strong RevPAR growth across our key targeted segments, as indicated in the chart below:
Source: Colliers PKF Hospitality Research.
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Macroeconomic Fundamentals
Following a period of economic contraction and widespread job loss that occurred in 2008 and 2009, the U.S. economy has been exhibiting signs of a gradual yet persistent recovery. According to data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, GDP resumed a positive growth trend in the third quarter of 2009 and has registered positive growth every quarter since that time. In a similar manner, data published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that unemployment peaked at 10% in October 2009 and has since declined to 7.0% as of November 2013. Hotel operating fundamentals have reacted strongly to recent economic growth as demonstrated by the 6.7% RevPAR growth in 2012 which was far in excess of the 25-year average of 2.9% according to data from Smith Travel Research. We believe improvements in the economy will continue to positively impact the lodging industry and hotel operating results for several years to come. Data from PKF Hospitality Research, LLC predicts RevPAR will surpass prior peak levels in 2013 with continued improvement expected for each successive year through 2016. We believe this to be an attractive point in the lodging investment cycle and will seek to identify ways to benefit from the cyclical nature of the hotel industry.
Demand Overview
Room night demand in the U.S. lodging industry historically has been directly correlated with macroeconomic trends. Key drivers of this demand include growth in GDP, corporate profitability, capital investments, consumer confidence and employment. Since the industry downturn in 2009, lodging demand, as measured by total rooms sold, has demonstrated steady growth over the past three years and has exceeded prior peak levels. The International Monetary Fund is forecasting U.S. GDP growth of 2.6% in 2014 and 3.4% in 2015, and PKF Hospitality Research, LLC expects that hotel room night demand will grow by 3.0% and 3.3%, respectively, over the same period. Given the strong correlation between room night demand and growth in GDP, we believe the current projections of a gradual but consistent growth in GDP provide an attractive backdrop for a sustained recovery phase of the lodging cycle.
The following chart illustrates the historical correlation between U.S. GDP and hotel room night demand.
Source: Smith Travel Research and the World Bank (1988-2012); PKF Hospitality Research, LLC and International Monetary Fund (2013E-2015E).
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With expected growth in room night demand and limited new supply, occupancy is projected to increase from industry lows experienced in 2009, as demonstrated in the chart below.
Source: Smith Travel Research (1988-2012); PKF Hospitality Research, LLC (2013E-2016E).
Supply Overview
Key drivers of lodging supply growth include the availability and cost of capital, construction costs, local real estate market conditions, room night availability and valuation of existing hotels. New hotel room supply is cyclical and typically lags the growth in hotel room night demand because developers often seek to ascertain the certainty of the recovery before investing in new construction. Although lodging industry fundamentals are improving, we expect lenders will remain hesitant to fund new construction. New hotel supply growth is not expected to return to historical levels until 2015, according to PKF Hospitality Research, LLC. We believe that this continued limitation on new supply will contribute to a sustained recovery with the potential to endure longer than prior lodging cycles would generally indicate. Accordingly, we expect the industry to have a sustained period of higher-than-average RevPAR growth. The following table portrays historical and projected changes in hotel supply, demand and RevPAR.
Source: Smith Travel Research (1988-2012); PKF Hospitality Research, LLC (2013E-2016E).
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Our Company
We are a newly formed, externally-advised Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high RevPAR, luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia with 3,146 total rooms. The hotels in our initial portfolio are located in U.S. gateway markets with favorable growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators and limited risk of additional supply. Our initial portfolio generated RevPAR of $153.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is 218% of the average of the U.S. lodging industry, according to Smith Travel Research, Inc.
We became a public company on November 19, 2013, when Ashford Trust, an NYSE-listed REIT, completed the spin-off of our company through the distribution of our outstanding common stock to the Ashford Trust stockholders. Ashford Advisor, a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, is our external advisor. All of the hotels in our initial portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford Advisor. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust beneficially owned common units of our operating partnership, Ashford Prime OP, representing 20% of our company on a fully-diluted basis.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals present favorable opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our eight initial hotels.
We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and we intend to conduct our business and own substantially all of our assets through our operating partnership.
We own six of our initial hotel properties directly, and the remaining two hotel properties through a majority-owned investment in an entity, which represents 3,146 total rooms, or 2,912 net rooms excluding those attributable to our partner.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe we distinguish ourselves from other hotel owners through the following competitive strengths:
| High Quality Hotel Portfolio . As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in eight hotels, representing 3,146 total rooms. Our hotels are concentrated in U.S. gateway markets, including Washington, D.C., San Francisco, San Diego, Seattle, Dallas and Philadelphia. The RevPAR of our initial hotel portfolio was $153.50 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is 218% of the average of the U.S. lodging industry, according to Smith Travel Research, Inc., and highlights the overall quality of our portfolio. Our portfolio strength is evidenced by its weighted average RevPAR penetration index of 111.0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Furthermore, our portfolio exhibits strong cash flow characteristics, with Hotel EBITDA per room of approximately $19,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which places us in the top quartile of all publicly-traded hotel REITs for 2013. Our Hotel EBITDA per room is supported by our strong portfolio flow-through, which resulted in Hotel EBITDA margin expansion of 462 basis points since 2009. Finally, we believe that our portfolio is in excellent physical condition; Ashford Trust invested an average of nearly $23,000 per room in the portfolio from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2012. |
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Acquisition Pipeline . In connection with the spin-off, we entered into two option agreements to acquire two hotels from Ashford Trust: the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida and the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. The hotels have 839 total rooms. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. We also entered into a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust for 12 hotels currently held by Ashford Trust. |
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We generally have the first right to acquire any of these hotels that Ashford Trust decides to sell, subject to any prior rights of the managers of the hotels or other third parties. Having these rights to acquire these properties creates a potential pipeline for acquisition growth that could benefit our future performance. We believe that having these unique sources of hotel investment opportunities provides a competitive advantage for us compared to our peer group. |
| Distinct Investment Strategy . Our strategy is to invest primarily in full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments which are anticipated to generate RevPAR of at least twice the then current U.S. average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research ( i.e. anticipated RevPAR of at least $136 for the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2013). Our hotels are located predominantly in domestic gateway markets. We may also seek to acquire hotels outside of the U.S. that satisfy the same anticipated RevPAR criteria as our domestic hotels (after any applicable currency conversion), with a primary focus on international gateway cities. In addition, we may invest in upper-upscale and luxury hotels situated in resort markets when those hotels meet our stated RevPAR criteria. We intend to acquire both premium branded and independent hotels. |
| Experienced Team with Proven Track Record of Delivering Stockholder Value . We are advised by Ashford Advisor, which is staffed by the Ashford Trust management team, through an external advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor. Ashford Advisors management team has generated strong stockholder returns for Ashford Trust since its inception in 2003, with an approximate 129% total return measured from September 1, 2003 through September 30, 2013. Total return is measured as the increase in the market price of the Ashford Trust common stock over the specified time period, assuming all dividends are reinvested into additional shares of Ashford Trust common stock. During the financial crisis, Ashford Trust entered into consensual foreclosures on three hotel properties, realizing a net loss on investments in these properties of $56.7 million; however, since January 2009, Ashford Trust has generated the highest total return to stockholders of all publicly-traded lodging REITs that existed throughout that period, with an approximate 933% total return measured from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. The Ashford Trust management team has successfully completed several multi-property acquisitions for Ashford Trust, including the $2.4 billion acquisition of the 51-property CNL Hotels & Resorts portfolio in 2007 and the $1.3 billion acquisition of the 28-property Highland Hospitality portfolio in 2011. Each of the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, chief operating officer and chief accounting officer of Ashford Trust has more than 20 years of lodging or real estate experience. Furthermore, the members of the Ashford Trust management team have developed strong relationships with hotel owners, management companies, brand companies, brokers, lenders and institutional investors that will provide value-added benefits. |
| Highly Aligned Management Structure . Our structure is designed to ensure strong management alignment with our stockholders. As of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust, the parent of Ashford Advisor, beneficially owned 20% of the common units of our operating partnership. As of December 18, 2013, the executive management team and directors of Ashford Trust, together with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus and co-founder of Ashford Trust, owned, directly or indirectly, approximately 19% of the equity interest in our company on a fully-diluted basis. By comparison, the average level of insider ownership for publicly-traded lodging REITs (excluding Ashford Prime and Ashford Trust) was 3% as of the most recently available public information. Our insider ownership is the highest insider ownership among all publicly-traded lodging REITs, according to SEC filings, excluding Ashford Trust, and creates a strong alignment between management and stockholders. The fees payable pursuant to the advisory agreement are based upon our total enterprise value (which includes the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness) rather than our gross book value, resulting in lower advisory fees if our stock price decreases. Furthermore, the incentive fees payable under the advisory agreement are based on our total stockholder return outperformance compared to a defined peer group. |
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| Attractive Corporate Governance . Our governance structure is designed to provide transparency to investors and promote the long-term interests of stockholders. Some of the significant features of our corporate governance structure include: |
| External advisor owned by publicly-traded company . Unlike many externally-managed REITs, Ashford Advisor is a subsidiary of a publicly-traded company. Investors can therefore obtain certain information about Ashford Advisor through publicly available filings of its parent. |
| Non-classified board . Our board of directors consists of seven members, five of whom are independent and four of whom have no prior affiliations with Ashford Trust. All board members are subject to re-election on an annual basis. We also have a lead independent director with well-defined duties that support the boards oversight responsibilities. |
| Corporate governance policy requires that the board consist of at least two-thirds independent directors. Our corporate governance policy provides that at least two-thirds of our board of directors shall be independent directors at all times that we do not have an independent chairman. This super-majority requirement mandates a greater number of independent directors than we are otherwise required to have on our board of directors. |
| Charter provision and corporate governance policy that address conflicts . Our charter contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director, officer or an affiliate of a director or officer will require the approval of a majority of the disinterested directors. Our corporate governance policy provides that all decisions related to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust; decisions related to the mutual exclusivity agreement or the master management agreement with Remington; decisions related to the advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor; decisions related to the option agreements with Ashford Trust; and all decisions related to the enforcement of the separation and distribution agreement be approved by a majority of the independent directors. |
| Opt out of certain Maryland law antitakeover provisions . We have opted out of certain Maryland law antitakeover provisions and, in the future, we may not opt back in to these provisions without stockholder approval. |
| No stockholder rights plan. We do not have, and will not adopt, a stockholder rights plan unless our stockholders approve in advance the adoption of a plan or, if our board of directors adopts a plan for our company, we submit the stockholder rights plan to our stockholders for a ratification vote within 12 months of adoption, without which the plan will terminate. |
| Ashford Trusts 20% retained beneficial interest in our company as of December 18, 2013 is in the form of common units, which generally will not convey voting power with respect to matters voted on by our stockholders . The management team of Ashford Trust, together with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus and co-founder of Ashford Trust, own approximately 11% of the common units of our operating partnership. Unless and until such common units are redeemed for shares of our common stock, the holders of such common units will not have any voting power on matters voted on by our stockholders as a result of such ownership. |
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Prudent Capital Structure . Over time, we will target a low-leverage capital structure and intend to limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred equity, less cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, to not more than 5.0x EBITDA, for the 12-month period preceding the incurrence of such debt or the issuance of such preferred equity. Although we have exceeded these target levels since the spin-off, we expect, over time, to meet these leverage thresholds. As of September 30, 2013, we had a leverage ratio of approximately 6.5x, based on property-level indebtedness related to our properties, which had an outstanding consolidated principal balance at September 30, 2013 of approximately $624.0 million and a weighted average interest rate of 5.32% per annum. If we exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort, assuming it is encumbered by its existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect |
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our leverage ratio to be approximately 7.1x, based on property-level indebtedness of approximately $693.0 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.29% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). If we exercise our options to acquire both the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott, assuming both are encumbered by their existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our leverage ratio to be approximately 7.0x, based on property-level indebtedness of approximately $810.7 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.42% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). Of the indebtedness on our initial eight hotels, none is expected to mature prior to 2017. In addition, concurrently with the completion of the spin-off, on November 19, 2013, we entered into a three-year, $150 million secured revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. As of December 18, 2013, we did not have any amounts drawn under the credit facility. We believe that our capital structure and our ability to access our credit facility allow us to capitalize on favorable acquisition and investment opportunities. |
Our Investment and Growth Strategies
Our principal business objectives are to generate attractive returns on our invested capital and long-term growth in cash flow to maximize total returns to our stockholders. To achieve our objectives, we intend to pursue the following strategies:
Pursue Focused Investment Strategy . Our strategy is to invest in premium branded and high quality independent hotels that are:
| full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments which are anticipated to generate RevPAR at least twice the average RevPAR for the U.S. lodging industry, as determined by Smith Travel Research, located predominately in U.S. gateway markets; |
| located outside of the U.S. that satisfy the same anticipated RevPAR criteria as our domestic hotels (after any applicable currency conversion), with a primary focus on international gateway markets; and |
| upper-upscale and luxury hotels in U.S. and international resort markets and meeting our stated RevPAR criteria. |
We intend to concentrate our investments in markets where we believe there are significant growth opportunities and limited risk of additional supply. In determining anticipated RevPAR for a particular asset, we may take into account forecasts and other considerations, including without limitation, conversions or repositions of assets, capital plans, brand changes and other factors which may reasonably be forecasted to raise RevPAR after stabilization. Stabilization with respect to a hotel, after the completion of an initiative such as a capital plan, conversion or change of brand name or change of the business mix or other operating characteristics, is generally expected to occur within 12 to 24 months after the completion of the related renovation, reposition or brand change.
In connection with this investment strategy, we frequently evaluate opportunities to acquire additional hotels, either through direct ownership, joint ventures, partnership participations or similar arrangements. We may use cash or issue common units in Ashford Prime OP as currency for a transaction. Some or all of these acquisitions, if completed, may be material to our company, individually or in the aggregate. We may, from time to time, be party to letters of intent, term sheets and other non-binding agreements relating to potential acquisitions. As of December 18, 2013, we were reviewing potential acquisition opportunities with estimated aggregate purchase prices in excess of $150 million (not including the Pier House Resort, the Crystal Gateway Marriott or the 12 hotels subject to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust). We cannot assure you that we will enter into definitive acquisition agreements with respect to any potential acquisitions.
Continue Active Asset Management . Ashford Advisor aggressively asset-manages the hotels in our initial portfolio, and will aggressively asset manage any hotel properties we may acquire in the future, to help maximize the operating performance, cash flow and value of each hotel. Aggressive asset management is intended to include actively managing the third-party property manager and holding them accountable to drive industry
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leading top line and bottom line operating performance. Ashford Advisor aims to achieve this goal by benchmarking each assets performance compared to similar hotels within our portfolio. Ashford Advisor also closely monitors expenses, including general staffing levels, food and beverage margins, and overtime, as well as third-party vendor and service contracts. If expense levels are not commensurate with the property revenues, Ashford Advisor works with the property manager to implement cost cutting initiatives. Ashford Advisor is also very active in critiquing and proposing improved strategies for the sales, marketing and revenue management initiatives of the property manager as well as its ability to drive ancillary hotel revenues (for example, spa, food and beverage, parking, and internet). In addition to managing the property manager, Ashford Advisor works with the brands and management companies to negotiate favorable franchise agreement and property management agreement terms. Ashford Advisor also actively participates in brand advisory committee meetings to provide feedback and input on new hotel brand initiatives.
Asset management functions include acquisition, renovation, financing and disposition of assets, operational accountability of managers, budget review, capital expenditures and property-level strategies as compared to the day-to-day management of our hotels, which is performed by our property managers.
Employ Disciplined Capital Allocation Program . We intend to pursue a disciplined capital allocation strategy as it relates to the acquisition, operation, disposition and financing of assets in our initial portfolio and those that we may acquire in the future. Ashford Advisor utilizes its extensive industry experience and capital markets expertise to influence the timing of capital deployment and recycling, and we may selectively sell hotels that are no longer consistent with our investment strategy or as to which returns appear to have been maximized. To the extent we sell hotels, we generally intend to redeploy the capital into investment opportunities that we believe will achieve higher returns.
Our Initial Hotels
As of December 18, 2013, we owned interests in a high-quality, geographically diverse portfolio of eight hotels located in five states and the District of Columbia comprising 3,146 total rooms. All of the hotels in our initial portfolio are located in top U.S. markets that exhibit strong growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators and limited addition to supply. All of the hotels in our initial portfolio operate under premium brands affiliated with either Marriott or Hilton. Each of our properties is encumbered by loans as described in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsIndebtedness. For 2012, approximately 44% of the rooms revenue for our initial hotel portfolio was generated by transient corporate business, approximately 22% by transient leisure business, approximately 31% was group sales and 3% was contract sales. The following tables set forth additional information for our hotels (dollars in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR):
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA (1) |
Capital
Invested per Room (2) |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (3) |
La Jolla, CA | 394 | 75 | % | 76 | % | $ | 166.41 | $ | 126.19 | 103.2 | $ | 8,898 | $ | 32.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
The Capital Hilton |
Washington, D.C. | 544 | 75 | % | 82 | % | 213.93 | 176.09 | 107.2 | 15,285 | 64.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
Plano, TX | 404 | 100 | % | 66 | % | 162.59 | 107.91 | 128.6 | 8,392 | 16.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
Seattle, WA | 358 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 200.34 | 155.64 | 109.9 | 10,521 | 14.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
San Francisco, CA | 405 | 100 | % | 85 | % | 206.95 | 176.66 | 103.7 | 10,135 | 7.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
Seattle, WA | 250 | 100 | % | 72 | % | 148.58 | 107.02 | 109.0 | 4,860 | 13.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
Philadelphia, PA | 498 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 161.20 | 125.56 | 114.4 | 9,805 | 8.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza (4) |
Tampa, FL | 293 | 100 | % | 78 | % | 154.68 | 120.57 | 127.6 | 5,144 | 6.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total / Weighted Average (5) |
3,146 | 77 | % | $ | 181.13 | $ | 140.20 | 110.8 | $ | 73,040 | $ | 23.0 |
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA (1) |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (3) |
La Jolla, CA | 78 | % | $ | 173.18 | $ | 135.53 | 99.6 | $ | 6,900 | ||||||||||||||||||
The Capital Hilton |
Washington, D.C. | 87 | % | 216.16 | 188.42 | 106.6 | 12,144 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
Plano, TX | 67 | % | 172.66 | 115.96 | 128.1 | 6,572 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
Seattle, WA | 80 | % | 224.36 | 179.97 | 113.6 | 9,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
San Francisco, CA | 90 | % | 224.66 | 202.39 | 104.7 | 9,617 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
Seattle, WA | 77 | % | 167.66 | 129.03 | 110.2 | 4,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
Philadelphia, PA | 81 | % | 164.39 | 132.37 | 118.3 | 8,424 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza (4) |
Tampa, FL | 79 | % | 155.20 | 121.90 | 123.4 | 3,764 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Total / Weighted Average (5) |
80 | % | $ | 190.94 | $ | 153.50 | 111.0 | $ | 61,349 |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of Hotel EBITDA by property. We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA represents the total amount for each hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our ownership percentage. |
(2) | Consists of all capital expenditures by Ashford Trust since January 1, 2008 and represents the total investment for each hotel, not its pro-rated investment based on its ownership percentage. In aggregate, Ashford Trust has invested capital of $72.5 million in these hotels during that period. Based on Ashford Trusts capital budget, we expect that we will invest an additional approximately $20.1 million in these hotels in the next 12 months, or approximately $6,400 per room. |
(3) | Subject to a ground lease that expires in 2043. |
(4) | Subject to a ground lease that expires in 2080. |
(5) | RevPAR penetration represents a weighted average based on the sum of the product of RevPAR for the competitive set of each hotel and the total room count for the respective hotel for all eight hotels in our portfolio. All other values on this line are calculated on a portfolio basis for all eight hotels in our portfolio. |
Each of our hotels is operated under a management with either Hilton or Marriott, and the material terms of these agreements are described in Certain AgreementsHotel Management Agreements.
Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA
We own a 75% partnership interest in Ashford HHC Partners III LP, which has a ground lease in the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines expiring in 2043. The remaining 25% partnership interest in Ashford HHC Partners III LP is owned by Hilton. The hotel opened in 1989 and is comprised of 394 guest rooms, including 229 king rooms, 153 queen/queen rooms, 10 one-bedroom suites and two parlor suites. Approximately $17.4 million was spent on capital expenditures since the acquisition of the property by Ashford HHC Partners III LP in 2007, which included lobby, restaurant and room renovations. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $700,000 for various small projects.
The hotel is located on the famous Torrey Pines Golf Course, with newly renovated guest rooms. Each room has a private balcony or patio with ocean, garden or golf course views. In addition to the attraction of the golf course, the hotel is located near the Torrey Pines State Nature Reserve with access to a number of outdoor activities, and numerous hospitals and research facilities are located near the hotel.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 60,000 square feet of meeting space, including: |
| 26,000 square feet of function space in 21 rooms to accommodate up to 1,500 people; |
| over 17,000 square feet of outdoor function space; and |
| the 6,203 square foot Fairway Pavilion Ballroom overlooking the 18th fairway of Torrey Pines Golf Course South Course. |
| Food and Beverage : The Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines hosts the Torreyanae Grill, an all-purpose three-meal restaurant with 295 seats and the Horizons Lounge with 60 seats. |
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| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, outdoor pool, outdoor whirlpool, tennis courts, basketball court, business center and a gift shop. |
Location and Access . The hotel is located near the Pacific Ocean in a secluded area of the famous Torrey Pines golf course. The hotel is approximately 15 miles from the San Diego International AirportLindbergh Field.
Competition. Competitor hotels include the Marriott La Jolla, Loews Coronado Bay, Embassy Suites La Jolla, Hyatt Regency Aventine and Estancia La Jolla. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked fourth out of our six hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
78.3 | % | 75.8 | % | 75.9 | % | 73.0 | % | 69.6 | % | 71.9 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 173.18 | $ | 166.41 | $ | 157.27 | $ | 153.44 | $ | 159.63 | $ | 193.47 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 135.53 | $ | 126.19 | $ | 119.39 | $ | 111.96 | $ | 111.10 | $ | 139.18 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 23,899 | $ | 30,934 | $ | 30,116 | $ | 28,640 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
14,578 | 18,197 | 17,169 | 16,101 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
6,900 | 8,898 | 8,632 | 7,214 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
28.9 | % | 28.8 | % | 28.7 | % | 25.2 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. We own the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amount for this hotel represents the total amount for this hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our 75% ownership percentage. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines were 1.12% and $1.3 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $87.2 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
The Capital Hilton, Washington, D.C.
We own a 75% partnership interest in Ashford HHC Partners III LP, which has a fee simple interest in The Capital Hilton. The remaining 25% partnership interest in Ashford HHC Partners III LP is owned by Hilton. The hotel opened in 1943 and is comprised of 544 guest rooms, including 253 king rooms, 94 queen/queen rooms, 83 double/double rooms, 80 single queen rooms and 34 suites. Approximately $35.2 million was spent on capital expenditures since the acquisition of the property by Ashford HHC Partners III LP in 2007, which included renovations to the guest rooms, public space, meeting rooms, lobby and restaurant. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $3.0 million to re-locate the concierge lounge, convert the existing lounge into three additional guest rooms and convert an existing suite into two guest rooms.
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The hotel is strategically located at 16th and K Street, in close proximity to the White House. The hotel has significant historical connotations and is located near numerous Washington, D.C. attractions including the National Mall.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 30,000 square feet of contiguous meeting space located on the same floor. |
| Food and Beverage : The Capital Hilton hosts (i) the Northgate Grill, a full service restaurant with 130 seats and (ii) the Statler Lounge, a lobby bar with 58 seats. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has the MINT Health Club and Day Spa, gift shop, business center, valet parking and an executive lounge. |
Location and Access . The hotel is conveniently located in the center of Washington, D.C., north of the White House and near the National Mall and numerous tourist attractions. By virtue of its size and clear signage, it is visible from both directions on 16th street. The hotel is approximately five miles from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include Hyatt Regency, JW Marriott, Renaissance Mayflower, The Madison, Westin City Center and Hamilton Crowne Plaza. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked second out of our seven hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding The Capital Hilton hotel since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
544 | 544 | 544 | 544 | 544 | 544 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
87.2 | % | 82.3 | % | 82.2 | % | 70.8 | % | 79.1 | % | 83.2 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 216.16 | $ | 213.93 | $ | 212.17 | $ | 210.71 | $ | 206.62 | $ | 217.55 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 188.42 | $ | 176.09 | $ | 174.16 | $ | 149.24 | $ | 163.34 | $ | 181.07 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding The Capital Hilton hotel since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 38,719 | $ | 49,162 | $ | 48,516 | $ | 42,847 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
27,983 | 35,060 | 34,640 | 29,632 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
12,144 | 15,285 | 14,879 | 11,371 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
31.4 | % | 31.1 | % | 30.7 | % | 26.5 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. We own The Capital Hilton in a joint venture. The Hotel EBITDA amount for this hotel represents the total amount for this hotel, not our pro rata amount based on our 75% ownership percentage. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on The Capital Hilton hotel were 1.85% for real property and 3.40% for personal property, and $2.3 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $123.1 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
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Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center, Plano, TX
We own a fee simple interest in the Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center. The hotel opened in 2001 and is comprised of 404 guestrooms, including 220 king rooms, 136 double/double room, and 48 suites. Approximately $7.9 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2007, which included major suite room and corridor renovations. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $2.4 million to renovate the ballroom and for other discretionary projects.
The hotel is located in West Plano in a prime location near high occupancy office buildings and Legacy Town Center, a master planned community featuring urban style housing, retail, dining and office space. The Shops at Legacy Town Center provide a main street style shopping experience with numerous patio dining options.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 32,000 square feet of meeting space, including foyer space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center hosts (i) the Copper Bottom Grill, a full-service restaurant open for breakfast and lunch with 120 seats and (ii) Chaddicks, a lounge offering food options after 2:00 p.m., with 103 seats, including outdoor seating. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, outdoor pool, whirlpool and sauna, a business center and gift shop. |
Location and Access . The hotel is conveniently located in west Plano near Legacy Town Center, just off of the North Dallas Tollway. The hotel is approximately 23 miles from the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Marriott Dallas Quorum, Hilton Dallas Lincoln Centre, InterContinental Hotel Dallas, Westin Galleria, Courtyard Dallas Legacy Park and Westin Stonebriar. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked second out of our seven hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center hotel since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
404 | 404 | 404 | 404 | 404 | 404 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
67.2 | % | 66.4 | % | 63.2 | % | 61.8 | % | 63.7 | % | 71.3 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 172.66 | $ | 162.59 | $ | 160.48 | $ | 148.06 | $ | 143.32 | $ | 154.36 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 115.96 | $ | 107.91 | $ | 101.42 | $ | 91.45 | $ | 91.35 | $ | 109.99 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center hotel since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 19,572 | $ | 25,330 | $ | 24,298 | $ | 22,002 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
12,930 | 15,869 | 14,915 | 13,448 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
6,572 | 8,392 | 7,923 | 6,788 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
33.6 | % | 33.1 | % | 32.6 | % | 30.9 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
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During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center hotel were 2.2% and $1.0 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $83.4 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Seattle, WA
We own a fee simple interest in the Seattle Marriott Waterfront hotel. The hotel opened in 2003 and is comprised of 358 guestrooms, including 188 king rooms, 155 double/double rooms and 15 suites. Approximately $5.2 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2007, which included a soft goods guestroom renovation. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $1.8 million to renovate the lobby and meeting space as well as to undertake other discretionary projects.
The hotel is located on the Seattle Waterfront near Pike Place Market, a public market for locally produced food featuring unique shops. The hotel is also located near the Pier 66 cruise terminal, positioning it to take advantage of any rise in cruise departures.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 11,300 square feet of meeting space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Seattle Marriott Waterfront hosts (i) Hook and Plow, a full-service restaurant with 128 seats and (ii) Trolly Café and gift shop. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, indoor/outdoor connected pool, whirlpool, business center, guest laundry facilities and gift shop. |
Location and Access . The hotel is conveniently located on the Seattle waterfront, just off of Highway 99/ Alaskan Way Viaduct. The hotel is approximately 15 miles from the Seattle/Tacoma International Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Hilton Seattle, Renaissance Seattle, the Edgewater, W Hotel Seattle and Grand Hyatt Seattle. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked first out of our six hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Seattle Marriott Waterfront hotel since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
358 | 358 | 358 | 358 | 358 | 358 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
80.2 | % | 77.7 | % | 74.8 | % | 73.4 | % | 71.8 | % | 74.0 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 224.36 | $ | 200.34 | $ | 189.63 | $ | 178.96 | $ | 181.18 | $ | 209.76 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 179.97 | $ | 155.64 | $ | 141.92 | $ | 131.27 | $ | 130.06 | $ | 155.30 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Seattle Marriott Waterfront hotel since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 23,215 | $ | 27,195 | $ | 25,239 | $ | 23,329 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
17,782 | 20,282 | 18,494 | 17,106 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
9,680 | 10,521 | 9,377 | 8,419 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
41.7 | % | 38.7 | % | 37.2 | % | 36.1 | % |
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(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Seattle Marriott Waterfront hotel were 1.1% and $900,000, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $140.7 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown, San Francisco, CA
We own a fee simple interest in the Courtyard San Francisco Downtown. The hotel opened in 2001 and is comprised of 405 guestrooms, including 206 king rooms, 168 queen/queen room and 31 suites. Approximately $5.5 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2007, which included a restaurant renovation and a guestroom soft goods renovation. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $400,000 to upgrade the business center and to undertake other discretionary projects.
The hotel is located conveniently downtown in the heart of the SOMA district of San Francisco. The hotel is located near numerous businesses and attractions, including the Moscone Convention Center, AT&T Park, Union Square and the Metreon Complex.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 9,900 square feet of meeting space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Courtyard San Francisco Downtown hosts (i) Whispers Bar and Grill, a dinner only restaurant with 50 seats, (ii) Jasmines, a breakfast only restaurant with 100 seats and (iii) a Starbucks coffee shop. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, indoor pool and whirlpool and an outdoor courtyard. |
Location and Access . The hotel is located in downtown San Francisco and is easily accessible from Interstate 80. The hotel is approximately 14 miles from the San Francisco International Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Marriott Union Square, Hilton Financial District, Sir Francis Drake, Hotel Nikko San Francisco and Harbor Court Hotel. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked third out of our six hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Courtyard San Francisco Downtown since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
405 | 405 | 405 | 405 | 405 | 405 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
90.1 | % | 85.4 | % | 86.0 | % | 82.9 | % | 76.5 | % | 81.5 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 224.66 | $ | 206.95 | $ | 183.21 | $ | 160.68 | $ | 162.98 | $ | 188.80 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 202.39 | $ | 176.66 | $ | 157.52 | $ | 133.24 | $ | 124.70 | $ | 153.83 |
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Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Courtyard San Francisco Downtown since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 26,189 | $ | 30,233 | $ | 27,199 | $ | 23,033 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
22,624 | 26,043 | 23,221 | 19,643 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
9,617 | 10,135 | 8,528 | 5,608 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
36.7 | % | 33.5 | % | 31.4 | % | 24.3 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Courtyard San Francisco Downtown were 1.2% and $1.1 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $82.0 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Courtyard Seattle Downtown, Seattle, WA
We own a fee simple interest in the Courtyard Seattle Downtown. The hotel opened in 1999 and is comprised of 250 guestrooms, including 175 king rooms, 73 double/double rooms and two suites. Approximately $3.8 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2007, which included guestroom and restaurant renovations. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $1.5 million for various small projects.
The hotel is located on Lake Union, with beautiful water views and access to numerous outdoor activities. The hotel is also located near the Space Needle, Seattle Center, Key Arena and Pacific Science Center, as well as numerous corporate offices including Amazons corporate headquarters and campus.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 2,300 square feet of meeting space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Courtyard Seattle Downtown hosts (i) Regatta View Restaurant, an all-purpose restaurant open for breakfast and dinner with 146 seats and (ii) the Lobby Bar and Grill, with 96 seats. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, indoor pool and whirlpool, a sundries shop, guest laundry facilities, business center and a covered parking garage. |
Location and Access . The hotel is located in downtown Seattle on the Western Shore of Lake Union on Westlake Avenue. The hotel is accessible from Interstate 5 and has easy access to the Seattle streetcar system and monorail. The hotel is approximately 17 miles from the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Holiday Inn Express Seattle, Hampton Inn Seattle, Four Points Seattle, Silver Cloud Lake Union, Holiday Inn Seattle Center and Hyatt Place Seattle. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked second out of our seven hotel competitive set.
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Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Courtyard Seattle Downtown since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
77.0 | % | 72.0 | % | 69.9 | % | 66.8 | % | 58.8 | % | 72.7 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 167.66 | $ | 148.58 | $ | 139.81 | $ | 133.01 | $ | 141.75 | $ | 161.57 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 129.03 | $ | 107.02 | $ | 97.68 | $ | 88.89 | $ | 83.33 | $ | 117.41 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Courtyard Seattle Downtown since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 10,343 | $ | 11,423 | $ | 10,458 | $ | 9,464 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
8,903 | 9,739 | 8,889 | 8,089 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
4,248 | 4,860 | 4,552 | 3,915 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
41.1 | % | 42.5 | % | 43.5 | % | 41.4 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Courtyard Seattle Downtown were 1.1% and $0.5 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $63.5 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, Philadelphia, PA
We own a fee simple interest in the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown. The hotel opened in 1999 and is comprised of 498 guestrooms, including 236 king rooms, 124 queen/queen rooms, 77 double/double rooms and 61 suites. Approximately $5.1 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition in 2007, which included a lobby bistro renovation and the purchase of new televisions and select case goods for the guestrooms. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $9.8 million, primarily for a guest room renovation.
The hotel is located in the center of Philadelphias downtown business district, across the street from city hall and a block away from the Philadelphia Convention Center. The hotel is a historic landmark itself, on the national register of historic places, and is convenient to the historical district, the University of Pennsylvania and Independence Hall.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 11,000 square feet of meeting space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown hosts (i) Nineteen 26, an all-purpose restaurant and (ii) a Starbucks coffee shop. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, sundries shop/market, indoor pool and whirlpool, business center, guest laundry facilities and gift shop. |
Location and Access . The hotel is located in downtown Philadelphia and is accessible from Interstate 636. The hotels corner location and clear signage make it easily visible from both directions on Juniper Street. The hotel is approximately 10 miles from the Philadelphia International Airport.
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Competition . Competitor hotels include the Sonesta Hotel Philadelphia, Doubletree Philadelphia, Sheraton Hotel Philadelphia, Loews Philadelphia and Hilton Garden Inn Philadelphia. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked first out of our six hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
498 | 498 | 498 | 498 | 498 | 498 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
80.5 | % | 77.9 | % | 78.1 | % | 75.7 | % | 75.0 | % | 78.7 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 164.39 | $ | 161.20 | $ | 147.17 | $ | 133.53 | $ | 143.25 | $ | 155.62 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 132.37 | $ | 125.56 | $ | 114.92 | $ | 101.09 | $ | 107.48 | $ | 123.76 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 21,941 | $ | 27,476 | $ | 24,820 | $ | 22,091 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
18,194 | 22,761 | 20,832 | 18,325 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
8,424 | 9,805 | 8,023 | 6,118 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
38.4 | % | 35.7 | % | 32.3 | % | 27.7 | % |
(1) | Includes operations for Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown as opposed to triple net lease rent for all periods presented. |
(2) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown were 3.35% and $1.3 million. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $80.5 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza, Tampa, FL
We own a ground lease in the Renaissance Tampa International Plaza expiring in 2080. The hotel opened in 2004 and is comprised of 293 guestrooms, including 173 king rooms, 114 double/double rooms and six suites. Approximately $2.5 million was spent on capital expenditures since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2007, which included a meeting space renovation and a fitness center expansion. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $400,000 for renovation of the concierge lounge, lobby, bar and restaurant.
The hotel is located within Tampa International Plaza, which provides many fine dining and retail options immediately adjacent to the hotel. The hotel is also located near the shopping of the Westshore business market and is close to the Tampa International Airport.
Additional property highlights include:
| Me eting Space : Approximately 12,500 square feet of meeting space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Renaissance Tampa International Plaza hosts (i) the Pelagia Trattoria, an all-purpose restaurant and (ii) Gabriellas, a lobby bar and restaurant. |
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| Other Amenities : The hotel has a fitness center, outdoor pool and whirlpool, a gift shop and a business center. |
Location and Access . The hotel is in Tampa International Plaza near the Tampa International Airport. The hotel is approximately two miles from the Tampa International Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Sheraton Tampa Airport, Hilton Tampa Airport, Grand Hyatt Tampa Bay and InterContinental Tampa Bay. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked first out of our five hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Renaissance Tampa International Plaza since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
293 | 293 | 293 | 293 | 293 | 293 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
78.5 | % | 78.0 | % | 75.9 | % | 73.3 | % | 71.8 | % | 70.8 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 155.2 | $ | 154.68 | $ | 149.43 | $ | 139.68 | $ | 147.65 | $ | 178.82 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 121.90 | $ | 120.57 | $ | 113.40 | $ | 102.39 | $ | 105.98 | $ | 126.54 |
Selected Financial Information . The following tables show certain selected financial information regarding the Renaissance Tampa International Plaza since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 14,512 | $ | 19,435 | $ | 18,300 | $ | 16,975 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
9,858 | 12,860 | 12,095 | 10,920 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
3,764 | 5,144 | 4,377 | 3,632 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
25.9 | % | 26.5 | % | 23.0 | % | 21.4 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Renaissance Tampa International Plaza were 2.1% and $0.6 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $56.8 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Our Option Hotels
In connection with the spin-off, we entered into two option agreements to acquire two hotels from Ashford Trust: the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida and the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. The hotels have an aggregate of 839 total rooms. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. For a detailed discussion of the option agreements, see Our Business and PropertiesOur Option Hotels and Certain AgreementsOption Agreements.
Pursuant to the Pier House Resort option agreement, we have an 18-month option to acquire the Pier House Resort and the purchase price initially will be $92.7 million (which is the price Ashford Trust paid when it acquired the property in May 2013 plus the out of pocket costs incurred by Ashford Trust in connection with the acquisition and subsequent financing), plus the cost of any owner-funded capital improvements made by Ashford Trust prior to our acquisition of the hotel. The purchase price will increase by 1% six months following the spin-off and will increase an additional 1% 12 months following the spin-off. The Crystal Gateway Marriott option
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agreement provides us with an option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott beginning six months from the spin-off date and extending for 12 months from such date. The purchase price will be equal to the fair market value at the time the option is exercised, based on an appraisal process. The purchase price for the Pier House Resort is payable in cash or common units of our operating partnership, at the option of Ashford Trust, while the purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott is payable in common units only.
Having the option to acquire these properties creates a potential pipeline for acquisition growth that could benefit our future performance. We believe that having these unique sources of hotel investment opportunities provides a competitive advantage for us compared to our peer group.
The following table sets forth additional information for the two option hotels (dollars in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR):
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pier House Resort |
Key West, FL | 142 | 100 | % | 82.8 | % | $ | 332.71 | $ | 275.50 | 97.7 | $ | 5,531 | |||||||||||||||||||
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
Arlington, VA | 697 | 100 | % | 75.1 | % | 182.39 | 136.97 | 112.5 | 15,972 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
RevPAR
Penetration Index |
Hotel
EBITDA |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pier House Resort |
Key West, FL | 82.5 | % | $ | 365.70 | $ | 301.80 | 96.8 | $ | 5,621 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
Arlington, VA | 76.1 | % | 175.64 | 133.65 | 111.7 | 11,596 |
Pier House Resort, Key West, FL
We have an option to acquire a fee simple interest in the Pier House Resort. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. The hotel opened in 1968 and is comprised of 142 guestrooms, including 79 king rooms, 42 queen/queen rooms and 21 suites. Ashford Trust acquired this hotel in May 2013, and, as of December 18, 2013, has not spent any money on any owner-funded capital improvements. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $900,000 for fitness center renovations and other small projects.
The hotel is located on a six acre compound in Key West, Florida. In addition to its secluded private beach, the hotel is well situated at the north end of Duvall Street providing easy access to the heart of Key West and its many demand generators.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 2,600 square feet of conference space. |
| Food and Beverage : The Pier House Resort provides an al fresco beach bar, the 150 Harbour View Café and a 41 seat piano bar as well as the 20 seat Chart Room. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has a full service spa, a private beach, a heated outdoor pool and a private dock for charter pick-ups. |
Location and Access . The hotel is located on a six acre compound in the historic district of Key West, Florida, on Duval Street, at the Gulf of Mexico. Key West, which is the southernmost point of the Florida peninsula, is 160 miles south of Miami. Key West, Marathon and Miami airports are all within driving distance.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Hyatt Key West Resort and Marina, Waldorf Astoria Casa Marina Resort, Ocean Key Resort and Spa and Westin Key West Resort and Marina.
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Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Pier House Resort since 2008:
Selected Financial Information . The following table shows certain selected financial information regarding the Pier House Resort since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 15,104 | $ | 18,691 | $ | 17,579 | $ | 16,133 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
11,699 | 14,318 | 13,404 | 12,372 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
5,621 | 5,531 | ||||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
37.2 | % | 33.2 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Pier House Resort were 1.06474% for real property and 1.06474% for personal property, and $261,400 million, respectively.
Crystal Gateway Marriott, Arlington, VA
Commencing six months following the spin-off, we have an option to acquire a fee simple interest in the Crystal Gateway Marriott. The hotel opened in 1982 and is comprised of 697 guestrooms, including 340 king rooms, 353 double/double rooms and four suites. Approximately $25.5 million was spent on capital improvements since acquisition by Ashford Trust in 2006, which included major guest room renovations. Capital expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to be approximately $1.0 million to enhance the front entrance, modernize the elevators and to undertake other discretionary projects.
The hotel is centrally located in Crystal City, above a Washington, D.C. Metro Station, with access to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. The hotel is situated near the Crystal City Shops, a network of outdoor storefront shopping including numerous restaurants and a theatre, as well as Arlington National Cemetery and other Washington, D.C. attractions.
Additional property highlights include:
| Meeting Space : Approximately 34,300 square feet of meeting space, including a multi-faceted and functional single floor meeting room that is accessible from all guest rooms. |
| Food and Beverage : The Crystal Gateway Marriott hosts (i) Restaurant Mez, a full service restaurant with 120 seats, (ii) the Atrium, a dinner only restaurant/bar with 96 seats and (iii) a grab and go Einsteins Bagels. |
| Other Amenities : The hotel has an indoor/outdoor connected pool, whirlpool, fitness center, sundries shop and business center. |
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Location and Access . The hotel benefits from convenient access. By virtue of the buildings height and clear signage, the Crystal Gateway Marriott hotel is highly visible from either direction on Jefferson Davis Highway. The Crystal Gateway Marriott is located near the Pentagon building and approximately three miles from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
Competition . Competitor hotels include the Sheraton Crystal City, Doubletree Crystal City, Hyatt Regency Crystal City, Embassy Suites Crystal City and Hilton Crystal City. When compared with our competitors, our RevPAR for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 ranked second out of our six hotel competitive set.
Operating History . The following table shows certain historical information regarding the Crystal Gateway Marriott since 2008:
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | 697 | ||||||||||||||||||
Average Occupancy |
76.1 | % | 75.1 | % | 73.7 | % | 75.9 | % | 76.9 | % | 74.9 | % | ||||||||||||
ADR |
$ | 175.64 | $ | 182.39 | $ | 186.69 | $ | 188.30 | $ | 188.63 | $ | 186.28 | ||||||||||||
RevPAR |
$ | 133.65 | $ | 136.97 | $ | 137.60 | $ | 142.97 | $ | 145.05 | $ | 139.61 |
Selected Financial Information . The following table shows certain selected financial information regarding the Crystal Gateway Marriott since 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2013 |
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenue |
$ | 38,620 | $ | 51,641 | $ | 52,494 | $ | 53,598 | ||||||||
Rooms Revenue |
25,711 | 34,750 | 34,911 | 36,273 | ||||||||||||
Hotel EBITDA (1) |
11,596 | 15,972 | 16,415 | 16,984 | ||||||||||||
EBITDA Margin |
30.0 | % | 30.9 | % | 31.3 | % | 31.7 | % |
(1) | See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsNon-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of net income to Hotel EBITDA by property. |
During 2012, the realty tax rate and annual realty taxes on the Crystal Gateway Marriott hotel were 1.139% for real property and 5.0% for personal property, and $2.1 million, respectively. The adjusted tax basis for the building for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $25.9 million, which is depreciated on a straight line basis over an estimated life of 39 years.
Right of First Offer Agreement
In connection with the spin-off, we entered into a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust for 12 hotels currently held by Ashford Trust. For a detailed discussion of the right of first offer agreement, see Certain AgreementsRight of First Offer Agreement.
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The hotels currently held by Ashford Trust and subject to the right of first offer are as follows:
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
RevPAR for
Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
RevPAR for
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
|||||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Beverly Hills* |
Beverly Hills, CA | 260 | 100 | % | $ | 133.00 | $ | 140.04 | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Crystal City |
Arlington, VA | 267 | 100 | % | 156.81 | 157.94 | ||||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Key West |
Key West, FL | 160 | 100 | % | 177.08 | 200.37 | ||||||||||||
Hyatt Coral Gables |
Coral Gables, FL | 242 | 100 | % | 133.98 | 142.48 | ||||||||||||
One Ocean Jacksonville |
Jacksonville, FL | 193 | 100 | % | 108.41 | 119.56 | ||||||||||||
Houston Embassy Suites |
Houston, TX | 150 | 100 | % | 134.86 | 142.81 | ||||||||||||
Portland Embassy Suites |
Portland, OR | 276 | 100 | % | 131.83 | 149.29 | ||||||||||||
Ritz-Carlton Atlanta |
Atlanta, GA | 444 | 72 | %** | 123.60 | 133.28 | ||||||||||||
Hilton Boston Back Bay |
Boston, MA | 390 | 72 | %** | 184.47 | 189.89 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Boston Downtown |
Boston, MA | 315 | 72 | %** | 133.64 | 131.06 | ||||||||||||
The Churchill |
Washington, D.C. | 173 | 72 | %** | 122.99 | 121.52 | ||||||||||||
The Melrose |
Washington, D.C. | 240 | 72 | %** | 122.00 | 125.43 |
* | Ashford Trust has entered into a franchise agreement to convert this hotel to a Marriott after the expiration of the existing Crowne Plaza license agreement in March 2015. |
** | These hotels are owned by a joint venture in which Ashford Trust holds an approximate 71.74% common equity interest and a $25.0 million preferred equity interest. To the extent Ashford Trust has the opportunity to acquire the entire interest in these hotels or controls the right to sell these hotels, the right of first offer agreement between us and Ashford Trust will extend to these properties. |
The right of first offer agreement provides us the first right to acquire each of the subject hotels, to the extent the board of directors of Ashford Trust determines to market and sell the hotel, subject to any prior rights of the managers of the hotel or other third parties and the limitation noted in the footnote to the table above with respect to hotels in a joint venture. In addition, so long as we do not materially change our initial investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, the right of first offer agreement extends to hotels later acquired by Ashford Trust that satisfy our investment guidelines.
These properties are being included as right of first offer properties because they, similar to the option properties, satisfy our initial investment criteria and create a potential pipeline for acquisition growth that could benefit our future performance. We believe that having these unique sources of hotel investment opportunities provides a competitive advantage for us compared to our peer group.
Asset Management
Our senior management team, provided to us by Ashford Advisor, provided all asset management services for our properties prior to the spin-off and continues to do so. The team of professionals provided by Ashford Advisor proactively works with our third-party hotel management companies to maximize profitability at each of our hotels. Our asset management team monitors the performance of our hotels on a daily basis and holds frequent ownership meetings with personnel at the hotels and key executives with the brands and management companies. Our asset management team works closely with our third-party hotel management companies on key aspects of each hotels operation, including, among others, revenue management, market positioning, cost structure, capital and operational budgeting as well as the identification of return on investment initiatives and overall business strategy. In addition, we retain approval rights on key staffing positions at many of our hotels, such as the hotels general manager and director of sales. We believe that our strong asset management process helps to ensure that each hotel is being operated to our and our franchisors standards, that our hotels are being adequately maintained in order to preserve the value of the asset and the safety of the hotel to customers, and that our hotel management companies are maximizing revenue and enhancing operating margins.
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Our Financing Strategy
As part of our separation from Ashford Trust, we assumed mortgage indebtedness secured by our eight initial hotels, which totaled $624.0 million (including the indebtedness secured by the two hotels we own through a consolidated joint venture) as of September 30, 2013. If we exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort, assuming it is encumbered by its existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $693.0 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.29% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). If we exercise our options to acquire both the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott, assuming both are encumbered by their existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $810.7 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.42% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). As of September 30, 2013, approximately 68.2% of our mortgage debt bears interest at fixed rates averaging 6.08% and the remaining 31.8% bears interest at the variable rate of LIBOR plus 3.5%. In connection with the spin-off, we assumed an interest rate cap with respect to our variable-rate debt such that our interest rate will be effectively capped at 6.5%. We intend to continue to use a mix of fixed and variable-rate debt, and we may, if appropriate, enter into interest rate hedges related to our variable-rate debt. Concurrently with the completion of the spin-off, we entered into a three-year, $150 million secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility provides for a three-year term with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions, and bears interest at a range of 2.25%3.75% over LIBOR, depending on our leverage ratio (as defined in the agreement). The credit facility includes the opportunity to expand the borrowing capacity by up to $150 million to an aggregate size of $300 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. No amounts were drawn under the credit facility as of December 18, 2013.
Our objective, over time, is to effectively deleverage our portfolio by acquiring additional hotels and applying less leverage than we had upon completion of the spin-off. Alternatively, we may deleverage via retaining excess cash to reduce our net debt. We expect to achieve and maintain a net debt and preferred equity-to-EBITDA ratio of 5.0x or less. We define net debt and preferred equity as the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness plus the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred equity, less cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We intend to finance our long-term growth and liquidity needs with operating cash flow, equity issuances, both common and preferred stock, joint ventures and secured and unsecured debt financings having staggered maturities. We may also issue common units in our operating partnership to acquire properties from sellers who seek a tax-deferred transaction.
Regulation
General
Our initial hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that each of our initial hotels has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Our hotels must comply with applicable provisions of the ADA, to the extent that such hotels are public accommodations as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our hotels where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our hotels are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, non-compliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our hotels and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
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Environmental Matters
Under various laws relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator (including tenants) of real estate may be liable for contamination resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances at that property and may be required to investigate and clean up such contamination at that property or emanating from that property. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the liability may be joint and several. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our hotels may expose us to third-party liability or materially and adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to incur debt using the real estate as collateral.
Our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew and waste management. Our hotels incur costs to comply with these laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance.
Some of our hotels may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other adverse conditions, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation. The presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected hotel or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from guests or employees at our hotels and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Insurance
We carry comprehensive general liability, fire, extended coverage, business interruption, rental loss coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all of our hotels and earthquake, wind, flood and hurricane coverage on hotels in areas where we believe such coverage is warranted, in each case with limits of liability that we deem adequate. Similarly, we are insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts we believe to be adequate to reimburse us, on a replacement basis, for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each hotel, including loss of rental income during the reconstruction period. We have selected policy specifications and insured limits which we believe to be appropriate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. We do not carry insurance for generally uninsured losses, including, but not limited to losses caused by riots, war or acts of God. In the opinion of our management, our initial hotels are adequately insured.
Competition
The hotel industry is highly competitive and the hotels in which we invest are subject to competition from other hotels for guests. Competition is based on a number of factors, most notably convenience of location, brand affiliation, price, range of services, guest amenities or accommodations offered and quality of customer service. Competition is often specific to the individual markets in which our properties are located and includes competition from existing and new hotels. We believe that hotels, such as our hotels that are affiliated with leading national brands, such as the Marriott or Hilton brands, will enjoy the competitive advantages associated with operating under such brands. Increased competition could have a material adverse effect on the occupancy rate, average daily room rate and rooms revenue per available room of our hotels or may require us to make capital improvements that we otherwise would not have to make, which may result in decreases in our profitability.
Our principal competitors include other hotel operating companies, ownership companies (including hotel REITs) and national and international hotel brands. We face increased competition from providers of less expensive accommodations, such as select service hotels or independent owner-managed hotels, during periods of economic downturn when leisure and business travelers become more sensitive to room rates.
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We face competition for the acquisition of hotels from institutional pension funds, private equity funds, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. Some of these competitors have substantially greater financial and operational resources and access to capital than we have and may have greater knowledge of the markets in which we seek to invest. This competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and decrease the attractiveness of the terms on which we may acquire our targeted hotel investments, including the cost thereof.
Third-Party Agreements
Hotel Management Agreements . Each of our initial hotels is operated pursuant to a hotel management agreement with one of two brand hotel management companies. Each hotel management company receives a base management fee and is also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, as defined in the respective management agreement, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after we have received a priority return on our investment in the hotel. See Certain AgreementsHotel Management Agreements, for more information related to our hotel management agreements.
Franchise Agreements . None of our hotels operate under franchise agreements. The hotel management agreements with Marriott and Hilton allow each of our hotels to operate under the Marriott or Hilton brand names, as applicable, and provide benefits typically associated with franchise agreements and licenses, including, among others, the use of the Marriott or Hilton, as applicable, reservation system and guest loyalty and reward program. Any intellectual property and trademarks of Marriott or Hilton (as applicable) are exclusively owned and controlled by the applicable manager or an affiliate of such manager who grants the manager rights to use such intellectual property or trademarks with respect to the applicable hotel.
In addition, we are a party to a Mutual Exclusivity Agreement and a Master Management Agreement with Remington. See Certain AgreementsRemington Master Management Agreement and Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
Ground Leases
Two of our initial hotels are subject to ground leases that cover all of the land underlying the respective hotel. See Certain AgreementsGround Leases for more information related to our ground leases.
Our Indebtedness
As part of our separation from Ashford Trust, we assumed mortgage indebtedness secured by our eight initial hotels, which totaled $624.0 million (including the indebtedness secured by the two hotels we own through a consolidated joint venture) as of September 30, 2013. If we exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort, assuming it is encumbered by its existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $693.0 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.29% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). If we exercise our options to acquire both the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott, assuming both are encumbered by their existing debt at the time of the acquisition, we expect our property-level indebtedness to be approximately $810.7 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.42% per annum (based on outstanding principal balances at September 30, 2013). See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsIndebtedness.
Concurrently with the completion of the spin-off, we entered into a three-year, $150 million secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility provides for a three-year term with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions, and includes the opportunity to expand the borrowing capacity by up to $150 million to an aggregate size of $300 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. The credit facility
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contains customary terms, covenants and other conditions for credit facilities of this type. We intend to use this facility to fund future acquisitions, as well as for hotel redevelopments, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes.
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR for a designated interest period plus an applicable margin, or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings under the credit facility for base rate loans range from 1.25% to 2.75% per annum and the applicable margin for borrowings under the credit facility for LIBOR loans range from 2.25% to 3.75% per annum, depending on the ratio of consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA, with the lowest rate applying if such ratio is less than 4x, and the highest ratio applying if such ratio is greater than 6.5x. We are required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders assessed on the unused portion of this facility.
Our ability to borrow under this facility is subject to our ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on liens, mergers, consolidations, investments, restricted payments, and affiliate transactions, as well as financial covenants.
The facility includes customary events of default, and the occurrence of an event of default will permit the lenders to terminate commitments to lend under the facility and accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. If a default occurs and is continuing, we will be precluded from making distributions on our shares of common stock (other than those required to allow us to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, so long as such default does not arise from a payment default or event of insolvency).
No amounts were drawn under the credit facility as of December 18, 2013.
Employees
We have no employees other than our appointed officers provided by Ashford Advisor. Services which would otherwise be provided by employees are provided by Ashford Advisor and by our executive officers. Ashford Advisor has approximately 82 full time employees. These employees directly or indirectly perform various acquisition, development, asset management, capital markets, accounting, tax, risk management, legal, redevelopment, and corporate management functions pursuant to the terms of our external advisory agreement.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any legal proceedings which, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations if determined adversely to us.
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The Advisory Agreement
The following summary of the terms of our advisory agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into an advisory agreement with our advisor, Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Trust. Pursuant to our advisory agreement, Ashford Advisor acts as our external advisor, responsible for implementing our investment strategies and decisions and the management of our day-to-day operations, subject to the supervision and oversight of our board. We rely on Ashford Advisor to provide, or obtain on our behalf, the personnel and services necessary for us to conduct our business, and we have no employees of our own. All of our officers are also employees of Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust. The executive offices of Ashford Advisor are located at 14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100, Dallas, Texas 75254, and the telephone number of Ashford Advisors executive offices is (972) 490-9600.
Pursuant to the terms of our advisory agreement, Ashford Advisor and its affiliates provide us with our management team, including without limitation, the initial positions of the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, chief operating officer, chief accounting officer and executive vice president-asset management, senior vice president-corporate strategy and senior vice president-finance, along with appropriate support personnel as Ashford Advisor deems reasonably necessary. Ashford Advisor and its affiliates are not obligated to dedicate any of their respective employees exclusively to us, nor are Ashford Advisor, its affiliates or any of their employees obligated to dedicate any specific portion of its or their time to our business except as necessary to perform the service required of them in their capacity as our advisor. Ashford Advisor is at all times subject to the supervision and oversight of our board. So long as Ashford Advisor is our external advisor, our governing documents require us to include two persons designated by Ashford Advisor as candidates for election as director at any stockholder meeting at which directors are to be elected. Such nominees may be executive officers of Ashford Trust. The advisory agreement requires Ashford Advisor to manage our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board. Additionally, Ashford Advisor must refrain from taking any action that would (a) adversely affect our status as a REIT, (b) subject us to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act), (c) violate any law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over us, (d) violate any of the rules or regulations of any exchange on which our securities are listed or (e) violate our charter, bylaws or resolutions of our board of directors, all as in effect from time to time.
Duties of Ashford Advisor. Subject to the supervision of our board of directors, Ashford Advisor is responsible for our day-to-day operations, including all of our subsidiaries and joint ventures, and shall perform (or cause to be performed) all services relating to the acquisition and disposition of hotels, asset management and operations of our company as may be reasonably required, which shall include, without limitation, the following related to our hotel investments:
| source, investigate and evaluate acquisitions and dispositions consistent with our investment guidelines and make recommendations to our board; |
| engage and supervise, on our behalf and at our expense, third parties to provide development management, property management, project management, design and construction services, investment banking services, financial services, property disposition brokerage services, independent accounting and auditing services and tax reviews and advice, transfer agent and registrar services, feasibility studies, appraisals, engineering studies, environmental property inspections and due diligence services, underwriting review services and consulting services; |
| negotiate, on our behalf, any acquisitions, dispositions, financings, restructurings or other transactions with sellers, purchasers, lenders, brokers, agents and other applicable representatives; |
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| coordinate and manage our joint ventures, including monitoring and enforcing compliance with applicable joint venture or partnership governing documents; |
| negotiate, on our behalf, terms of hotel management agreements, franchise agreements and other contracts or agreements of the company, and modifications, extensions or terminations thereof including, without limitation, the negotiation and approval of annual operating and capital budgets under the management agreements; |
| enforce, monitor and manage compliance, on our behalf, with hotel management agreements, franchise agreements and other contracts or agreements of the company, and modifications, extensions, waivers or terminations thereof; |
| negotiate, on our behalf, terms of loan documents for our financings; |
| enforce, monitor and manage compliance, on our behalf, loan documents to which we are a party; |
| administer bookkeeping and accounting functions as are required for our management and operation, contract for audits and prepare or cause to be prepared such periodic reports and filings as may be required by any governmental authority in connection with the ordinary conduct of our business, and otherwise advise and assist us with our compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including without limitation, periodic reports, returns or statements required under the Exchange Act, the Code and any regulations or rulings thereunder, the securities and tax statutes of any jurisdiction in which we are obligated to file such reports, or the rules and regulations promulgated under any of the foregoing; |
| advise and assist in the preparation and filing of all offering documents, registration statements, prospectuses, proxies, and other forms or documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) or any state securities regulators; provided, however, that we are responsible for the content of any and all of our offering documents, SEC filings or state regulatory filings; |
| retain counsel, consultants and other third-party professionals on our behalf, coordinate, supervise and manage all consultants, third-party professionals and counsel, and investigate, evaluate, negotiate and oversee the processing of claims by or against us; |
| advise and assist with our risk management and oversight function; |
| provide office space, office equipment and personnel necessary for the performance of services; |
| perform or supervise the performance of such administrative functions reasonably necessary for the establishment of bank accounts, related controls, collection of revenues and the payment of our debts and obligations; |
| communicate with our investors and analysts as required to satisfy reporting or other requirements of any governing body or exchange on which our securities are traded and to maintain effective relations with such investors; |
| advise and assist us with respect to our public relations, preparation of marketing materials, website and investor relation services; |
| counsel us regarding qualifying, and maintaining our qualification, as a REIT; |
| assist us in complying with all regulatory requirements applicable to us; |
| counsel us in connection with policy decisions to be made by our board of directors; |
| furnish reports and statistical and economic research to us regarding our investments, financing and capital market activities and services performed for us by Ashford Advisor; |
|
asset manage and monitor the operating performance of our real estate investments, including the management and implementation of capital improvement programs, pursue property tax appeals (as |
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appropriate), and provide periodic reports with respect to our investments to our board of directors, including comparative information with respect to such operating performance and budgeted or projected operating results; |
| maintain cash in U.S. Treasuries or bank accounts (with the understanding that Ashford Advisors duties shall not include providing or assisting in proactive investment management strategies or investment in securities other than U.S. Treasuries), and pay, on our behalf, fees, costs and expenses, or distributions to our stockholders; |
| advise us as to our capital structure and capital raising; |
| take all actions reasonably necessary to enable us to comply with and abide by all applicable laws and regulations in all material respects, subject to our providing appropriate funding or capital; |
| provide us with an internal audit staff with the ability to satisfy any applicable regulatory requirements, including requirements of the NYSE and the SEC, and any additional duties that are determined reasonably necessary or appropriate by our audit committee; and |
| take such other actions and render such other services as may reasonably be requested by us consistent with the purpose of the advisory agreement. |
Any increase in the scope of duties or services to be provided by Ashford Advisor must be jointly approved by us and Ashford Advisor and will be subject to additional compensation.
Ashford Advisor also has the power to delegate all or any part of its rights and powers to manage and control our business and affairs to such officers, employees, affiliates, agents and representatives of Ashford Advisor or our company as it may deem appropriate. Any authority delegated by Ashford Advisor to any other person is subject to the limitations on the rights and powers of our advisor specifically set forth in the advisory agreement or our charter.
Ashford Advisor is required to make available sufficient experienced and appropriate personnel to perform the services and functions specified and such personnel are to devote such of their time and attention as is reasonably necessary to perform such services.
Ashford Advisor also acknowledges receipt of our code of business conduct and ethics and policy on insider trading and agrees to require its employees who provide services to us to comply with the code and the policy.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification. The advisory agreement provides that Ashford Advisor has no responsibility other than to render the services and take the actions described in the advisory agreement in good faith and with the exercise of due care and will not be responsible for any action our board of directors takes in following or declining to follow any of Ashford Advisors advice or recommendations. The advisory agreement provides that Ashford Advisor (including its officers, directors, managers, employees and members) will not be liable for any act or omission by it (or them) performed in accordance with and pursuant to the advisory agreement, except by reason of acts constituting gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or reckless disregard of duties under the advisory agreement.
We have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Ashford Advisor (including its partners, directors, officers, stockholders, managers, members, agents, employees and each other person or entity, if any, controlling Ashford Advisor) to the full extent lawful, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages or liabilities of any nature whatsoever with respect to or arising from Ashford Advisors acts or omission (including ordinary negligence) in its capacity as such, except with respect to losses, claims, damages or liabilities with respect to or arising out of Ashford Advisors gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct, or reckless disregard of its duties under the advisory agreement (for which Ashford Advisor will indemnify us).
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Term and Termination. The initial term of our advisory agreement is five years from the effective date of the advisory agreement, with automatic one-year renewal terms on each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated as described below. Following the five-year initial term, the advisory agreement may be terminated by us with 180 days prior written notice on the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors based upon a good faith finding that either (a) there has been unsatisfactory performance by Ashford Advisor that is materially detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole, or (b) the base fee and/or incentive fee is not fair (and Ashford Advisor does not offer to negotiate a lower fee that at least two-thirds of the independent directors determine is fair). If the reason for non-renewal specified by us in our termination notice is (b) in the preceding sentence, then Ashford Advisor may, at its option, provide a notice of proposal to renegotiate the base fee and incentive fee not less than 150 days prior to the pending termination date. Thereupon, each party has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate in good faith to a resolution on fees within 120 days following our receipt of the renegotiation proposal. If a resolution is achieved between Ashford Advisor and at least two-thirds of the independent directors within the 120-day period, then the advisory agreement will continue in full force and effect with modification only to the agreed upon base fee and/or incentive fee, as applicable. If no resolution on fees is reached within the 120-day period, or if we terminate the advisory agreement by reason of clause (a) above, the advisory agreement will terminate, and we will be required to pay Ashford Advisor a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual base and incentive fees for the 24-month period immediately preceding the termination.
We may also terminate the advisory agreement with 60 days notice upon a change of control of us, if the change of control transaction is conditioned upon the termination of the advisory agreement. In such a circumstance, we would be required to pay a termination fee equal to either:
| if Ashford Advisors common stock is not publicly traded, 14 times the earnings of Ashford Advisor attributable to our advisory agreement less costs and expenses (the net earnings) for the 12 months preceding termination of the advisory agreement; or |
| if at the time of the termination notice, Ashford Advisors common stock is publicly traded separate from the common stock of Ashford Trust, 1.1 multiplied by the greater of (i) 12 times the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement or (ii) the earnings multiple (based on net earnings after taxes) for Ashford Advisors common stock for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement multiplied by the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the same 12 month period; or (iii) the simple average of the earnings multiples (based on net earnings after taxes) for Ashford Advisors common stock for each of the three fiscal years preceding the termination of the advisory agreement, multiplied by the net earnings of Ashford Advisor for the 12 months preceding the termination of the advisory agreement; |
plus, in either case, a gross-up amount for assumed federal and state tax liability, based on an assumed tax rate of 40%. Any such termination fee will be payable on or before the termination date.
We may also terminate the advisory agreement at any time, including during the five-year initial term, without the payment of a termination fee under the following circumstances:
| upon a default by Ashford Advisor in the performance or observance of any material term, condition or covenant under the advisory agreement; provided, however, that we must, before terminating the advisory agreement, give written notice of the default to Ashford Advisor and provide it with an opportunity to cure the default within 45 days, or if such default is not reasonably susceptible to cure within 45 days, such additional cure period as is reasonably necessary to cure the default (not to exceed 90 days) so long as Ashford Advisor is diligently and in good faith pursuing such cure; |
| immediately upon providing written notice to Ashford Advisor, following a voluntary or collusive bankruptcy event of Ashford Advisor or an involuntary bankruptcy event that remains undismissed and unstayed for a period exceeding 60 days; |
| immediately, upon the commencement of an action for dissolution of Ashford Advisor by Ashford Advisor; |
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| immediately upon providing written notice to Ashford Advisor, following its conviction (including a plea or nolo contendere) of a felony; |
| immediately upon providing written notice to Ashford Advisor, if it commits an act of fraud against us, misappropriates our funds or acts in a manner constituting willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of its material duties under the advisory agreement (including a failure to act); provided, however, that if any such actions or omissions are caused by an employee and/or an officer of Ashford Advisor (or an affiliate of Ashford Advisor) and Ashford Advisor takes all reasonable necessary and appropriate action against such person and cures the damage caused by such actions or omissions within 45 days of Ashford Advisors actual knowledge of its commission or omission, we will not have the right to terminate the advisory agreement; and |
| immediately upon providing written notice to Ashford Advisor following certain changes of control of Ashford Advisor, exclusive of any change of control that is an assignment permitted as described in Assignment below or a change of control of Ashford Trust at any time that Ashford Advisor remains under the control of Ashford Trust. |
Upon any termination of the advisory agreement, Ashford Advisor is expected to cooperate with and assist us, in executing an orderly transition of the management of our assets to a new advisor, providing a full accounting of all accounts held in the name of or on behalf of us, returning any funds held on behalf of us and returning any and all of our books and records. We are responsible for paying all accrued fees and expenses. We will be subject to certain non-solicitation obligations with respect to Ashford Advisors employees upon any termination of the advisory agreement.
Ashford Advisor may terminate the advisory agreement prior to the renewal of each term with 180 days prior written notice. Additionally, Ashford Advisor may terminate the advisory agreement if we default in the performance or observance of any material term, condition or covenant under the advisory agreement; provided, however, before terminating the advisory agreement, Ashford Advisor must give us written notice of the default and provide us with an opportunity to cure the default within 45 days, or if such default is not reasonably susceptible to cure within 45 days, such additional cure period as is reasonably necessary to cure the default (not to exceed 90 days) so long as we are diligently and in good faith pursuing such cure. In the event of such a termination, Ashford Advisor will be entitled to all accrued fees and expenses.
Fees and Expenses.
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Base Fee. The total quarterly base fee is equal to 0.70% per annum of the total enterprise value of our company, subject to a minimum quarterly base fee. The total enterprise value for purposes of determining the base fee is calculated on a quarterly basis as (i) the average of the volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock for each trading day of the preceding quarter multiplied by the average number of shares of our common stock outstanding during such quarter, on a fully-diluted basis (assuming all common units and long term incentive partnership units in the operating partnership which have achieved economic parity with common units in the operating partnership have been redeemed for our common stock), plus (ii) the quarterly average of the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners proportionate share of consolidated debt), plus (iii) the quarterly average of the liquidation value of our outstanding preferred equity. The minimum base fee each quarter is equal to the greater of (i) 90% of the base fee paid for the same quarter in the prior year and (ii) the G&A ratio multiplied by our total enterprise value. The G&A ratio is calculated as the simple average of the ratios of total general and administrative expenses, including any dead deal costs, less any non-cash expenses, paid in the applicable quarter by each member of a select peer group, divided by the total enterprise value of such peer group member. Our peer group for purposes of our advisory fees includes: Strategic Hotels and Resorts, Inc., Chesapeake Lodging Trust, DiamondRock Hospitality Co., Lasalle Hotel Properties, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and |
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Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. This peer group may be adjusted from time-to-time by mutual agreement of Ashford Advisor and a majority of our independent directors, negotiating in good faith. The base fee is payable in cash on a quarterly basis. |
| Incentive Fee. In each year that our TSR exceeds the average TSR of our peer group we have agreed to pay an incentive fee. For purposes of this calculation, our TSR will be calculated using a year-end stock price equal to the closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of the year as compared to the closing stock price of our common stock on the last trading day of the prior year, assuming all dividends on the common stock are reinvested into additional shares of common stock. The average TSR for each member of our peer group is calculated in the same manner, and the simple average for our entire peer group is the average TSR for our peer group. If our TSR exceeds the average TSR for our peer group, Ashford Advisor will be paid an incentive fee. |
The annual incentive fee is calculated as (i) 10% of the amount (expressed as a percentage) by which our annual TSR exceeds the average TSR for our peer group, multiplied by (ii) the fully diluted equity value of our company at December 31 of the applicable year; provided, for the stub period ending December 31, 2013, the product from the preceding calculation shall be reduced proportionately based on the number of days in which the advisory agreement is in effect for the calendar year 2013 divided by 365 days. To determine the fully diluted equity value, we will assume that all units in our operating partnership, including LTIP units that have achieved economic parity with the common units, if any, are redeemed for our common stock and that the per share value of each share of our common stock is equal to the closing price of our stock on the last trading day of the year. For the purpose of calculating TSR during the first year, the starting price of our common stock will be based on the closing price per share of our common stock on November 20, 2013, the first trading day on which our common stock was listed and available for trading on the NYSE, and for our peers, the closing price on the same trading day.
The incentive fee, if any, shall be payable in arrears on an annual basis, on or before January 15 following each year or on the date of termination of the advisory agreement, if applicable. Except in the case when the incentive fee is payable on the date of termination of the advisory agreement, up to 50% of the incentive fee may be paid in our common stock or in common units of our operating partnership, at our discretion, with the balance payable in cash unless at the time for payment of the incentive fee, Ashford Advisor owns common stock or common units in an amount greater than or equal to three times the base fee for the preceding four quarters. If Ashford Advisor owns common stock or common units in an amount more than the base fee limitation then the entire incentive fee shall be payable in cash.
| Equity Compensation. To incentivize employees, officers, consultants, non-employee directors, affiliates and representatives of Ashford Advisor to achieve our goals and business objectives, as established by our board of directors, in addition to the base fee and the incentive fee described above, our board of directors has the authority to make annual equity awards to Ashford Advisor or directly to employees, officers, consultants and non-employee directors of Ashford Advisor, based on our achievement of certain financial and other hurdles established by our board of directors. These annual equity awards are intended to provide an incentive to Ashford Advisor and its employees to promote the success of our business. The compensation committee of our board of directors has full discretion regarding the grant of any annual equity awards to be provided to Ashford Advisor and its employees, and other than the overall limitation on the total number of shares that are authorized to be granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan, there are no limitations on the amount of these annual equity awards. |
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Expense Reimbursement. Ashford Advisor is responsible for all wages, salaries, cash bonus payments and benefits related to its employees providing services to us (including any of our officers who are also officers of Ashford Advisor), with the exception of any equity compensation that may be awarded by us to the employees of Ashford Advisor who provide services to us, the provision of certain internal audit services and the international office expenses described below. We are responsible to pay or |
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reimburse Ashford Advisor monthly for all other costs incurred by it on our behalf or in connection with the performance of its services and duties to us, including, without limitation, tax, legal, accounting advisory, investment banking and other third- party professional fees, director fees and insurance (including errors and omissions insurance and any other insurance required pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement), debt service, taxes, insurance, underwriting, brokerage, reporting, registration, listing fees and charges, travel and entertainment expenses, conference sponsorships, transaction diligence and closing costs, dead deal costs, dividends, office space, the cost of all equity awards or compensation plans established by us, including the value of awards made by us to Ashford Advisors employees, and any other costs which are reasonably necessary for the performance by Ashford Advisor of its duties and functions. In addition, we pay a pro rata share of Ashford Advisors office overhead and administrative expenses incurred in the performance of its duties and functions under the advisory agreement. There is no specific limitation on the amount of such reimbursements. |
In addition to the expenses described above, we are required to reimburse Ashford Advisor monthly for our pro-rata share (as reasonably agreed to between Ashford Advisor and a majority of our independent directors or our audit committee, chairman of our audit committee or lead director) of (i) employment expenses of Ashford Advisors internal audit managers and other Ashford Advisor employees who are actively engaged in providing internal audit services, (ii) the reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses of Ashford Advisor relating to the activities of its internal audit employees and the reasonable third-party expenses which Ashford Advisor incurs in connection with its provision of internal audit services to us and (iii) all reasonable international office expenses, overhead, personnel costs, travel and other costs directly related to Ashford Advisors non-executive personnel who are located internationally. Such expenses shall include but are not limited to, salary, wage payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans.
| Additional Services. If, and to the extent that, we request Ashford Advisor to render services on our behalf other than those required to be rendered by it under the advisory agreement, such additional services shall be compensated separately at market rates, as defined in the advisory agreement. |
Assignment. Ashford Advisor may assign its rights under the agreement without our approval to any affiliate that remains under the control of Ashford Trust. It may also assign its rights under the agreement without our approval to a publicly-traded company newly formed through a spin-off, carve-out, split-off or similar distribution of Ashford Advisor, its property and affairs to Ashford Advisors or Ashford Trusts stockholders.
The Ashford Trademark. Ashford Trust and its affiliates have a proprietary interest in the Ashford trademark, and Ashford Advisor agreed to license its use to us. Within 60 days following the termination of the advisory agreement, we must, upon the written request of Ashford Advisor, cease to conduct business under or use the Ashford name or logo, as well as change our name and the names of any of our subsidiaries to a name that does not contain the name Ashford.
Relationship with the Advisor. Ashford Advisor is a subsidiary of Ashford Trust. As of the spin-off, Ashford Advisor advises us and its parent Ashford Trust; however, Ashford Advisor, its equityholders and employees are permitted to have other advisory clients, which may include other REITs operating in the real estate industry, provided Ashford Advisor may not act as external advisor for an entity with investment guidelines substantially similar to ours, as initially set forth in our advisory agreement. If we materially revise our initial investment guidelines without the express written consent of Ashford Advisor, Ashford Advisor will use its best judgment to allocate investment opportunities to us and other entities it advises, taking into account such factors as it deems relevant, in its discretion, subject to any then existing obligations of Ashford Advisor to such other entities. We have agreed that we will not revise our initial investment guidelines to be directly competitive with Ashford Trust. The advisory agreement gives us the right to equitable treatment with respect to other clients of Ashford Advisor, but does not give us the right to preferential treatment, except that Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust have agreed that, so long as we have not materially changed our initial investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, any individual hotel investment opportunities that
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satisfy our investment focus will be presented to our board of directors, who will have up to 10 business days to accept such opportunity prior to it being available to Ashford Trust or any other entity advised by Ashford Advisor.
To minimize conflict between us and Ashford Trust, the advisory agreement requires us to designate an investment focus by targeted RevPAR, segments, markets and other factors or financial metrics. After consultation with Ashford Advisor, we may modify or supplement our investment guidelines from time to time by giving written notice to Ashford Advisor; however, if we materially change our investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, Ashford Advisor will use its best judgment to allocate investment opportunities to us and Ashford Trust, taking into account such factors as it deems relevant, in its discretion, subject to any then existing obligations of Ashford Advisor to other entities. In the advisory agreement, we declared our initial investment guidelines to be hotel real estate assets primarily consisting of equity or ownership interests, as well as debt investments when such debt is acquired with the intent of obtaining an equity or ownership interest, in:
| full service and urban select service hotels with trailing 12 month average RevPAR or anticipated 12 month average RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. national average RevPAR for all hotels as determined with reference to the most current Smith Travel Research reports, generally in the 20 most populous metropolitan statistical areas, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau and delineated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget; |
| upscale, upper-upscale and luxury hotels meeting the RevPAR criteria set forth above and situated in markets that may be generally recognized as resort markets; and |
| international hospitality assets predominantly focused in areas that are general destinations or in close proximity to major transportation hubs or business centers, such that the area serves as a significant entry or departure point to a foreign country or region of a foreign country for business or leisure travelers and meet the RevPAR criteria set forth above (after any applicable currency conversion to U.S. dollars). |
When determining whether an asset satisfies our investment guidelines, Ashford Advisor must make a good faith determination of projected RevPAR, taking into account historical RevPAR as well as such additional considerations as conversions or reposition of assets, capital plans, brand changes and other factors that may reasonably be forecasted to raise RevPAR after stabilization of such initiative.
If we elect to spin-off, carve-out, split-off or otherwise consummate a transfer of a division or subset of assets for the purpose of forming a joint venture, a newly created private platform or a new publicly traded company to hold such division or subset of assets constituting a distinct asset type and/or investment guidelines, we have agreed that any such new entity will be externally advised by Ashford Advisor pursuant to an advisory agreement containing substantially the same material terms set forth in our advisory agreement.
If we desire to engage a third party for services or products (other than services exclusively required to be provided by our property managers), Ashford Advisor has the exclusive right to provide such services or products at typical market rates provided that we are able to control the award of the applicable contract. Ashford Advisor will have at least 20 days after we give notice of the terms and specifications of the products or services that we intend to solicit to provide such services or products at market rates, as determined by reference to fees charged by third-party providers who are not discounting their fees as a result of fees generated from other sources. If a majority of our independent directors determine that Ashford Advisors pricing proposal is not at market rates, we are required to engage a consultant to determine the market rate for the services or products in question. We will be required to pay for the services of the consultant and to engage Ashford Advisor at the market rates determined by the consultant if the consultant finds that the proposed pricing of Ashford Advisor was at or below market rates. Alternatively, Ashford Advisor will pay the consultants fees and will have the option to provide the services or product at the market rates determined by the consultant should the consultant find that the proposed pricing was above market rates.
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Hotel Management Agreements
For us to qualify as a REIT, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. Third parties must operate our hotels. Our hotels are leased to TRS lessees, which in turn have engaged property managers to manage our hotels. Each of our hotels are operated pursuant to a hotel management agreement with one of two independent hotel management companies, Hilton Management LLC and Marriott Hotel Services, Inc. or its affiliates, Courtyard Management Corporation and Renaissance Hotel Management Company, LLC. Courtyard by Marriott and Renaissance are both registered trademarks of Marriott International, Inc.
The initial terms of each of the hotel management agreements, as well as any remaining extension, are set forth in the table below:
Hotel |
Effective Date | Expiration Date |
Extension Options By Manager |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines |
12/17/2003 | 12/31/2023 | three 10-year options remaining | |||||
The Capital Hilton |
12/17/2003 | 12/31/2023 | three 10-year options remaining | |||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
8/15/2003 | 12/29/2023 | two 10-year options | |||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
5/23/2003 | 12/29/2028 | five 10-year options | |||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
6/14/2002 | 12/31/2027 | five 5-year options | |||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
12/3/2011 | 12/27/2041 | two 10-year options | |||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
1/4/2003 | 12/31/2016 | two 10-year options | |||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza |
4/9/2003, with
8/9/2004 opening date |
12/28/2029 | five 10-year options |
Each hotel management company receives a base management fee (expressed as a percentage of gross revenues) ranging from 3.0%7.0%, as well as an incentive management fee calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income, in certain cases after funding of certain requirements, including the capital renewal reserve, and in all cases after we have received a priority return on our investment in the hotel (referred to as the owners priority), as summarized in the chart below:
Hotel |
Management
|
Incentive Fee |
Marketing Fee | Owners Priority (2) |
Owners
Investment (2) |
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Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines |
3% | 20% of operating cash flow (after deduction for capital renewals reserve and owners priority) |
Reimbursement
of owners pro rata share of group services |
11.5% of owners
total investment |
$106,500,000 | |||||||
The Capital Hilton |
3% | 20% of operating cash flow (after deduction for capital renewals reserve and owners priority) |
Reimbursement
of owners pro rata share of group services |
11.5% of owners
total investment |
$132,100,000 | |||||||
Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center |
3% | 35% of the excess of operating profit (after deduction for contributions to the FF&E reserve) over owners priority |
Reimbursement of
the hotels pro rata share of chain services, capped at 2.1% of gross revenues per fiscal year |
11% of owners
investment |
$56,734,968 |
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Hotel |
Management
|
Incentive Fee |
Marketing Fee | Owners Priority (2) |
Owners
Investment (2) |
|||||||
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |
3% | After payment of owners 1st priority, remaining operating profit is split between owner and manager, such that manager receives 30% of remaining operating profit that is less than the sum of $15,133,000 plus 10.75% of owner- funded capital expenses, and 50% of the operating profit in excess of such sum. |
Reimbursement
of the hotels pro rata share of chain services, capped at 2.2% of gross revenues per fiscal year |
Owners 1st
Priority: $9,556,750 plus 10.75% of owner funded capital expenses Owners 2nd Priority: After payment of the owners 1st priority, remaining operating profit is split between owner and manager, such that owner receives 70% of remaining operating profit that is less than the sum of $15,133,000 plus 10.75% of owner- funded capital expenses, and 50% of the operating profit in excess of such sum. |
Not applicable | |||||||
Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |
7% | 50% of the excess of operating profit (after deduction for contributions to the FF&E reserve) over owners priority |
System wide
contribution to the marketing fund (2% of guest room revenues on the effective date). |
$9,500,000 plus
11.5% of owner funded capital expenses |
Not applicable | |||||||
Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown |
6.5% | 20% of the excess of operating profit (after deduction for contributions to the FF&E reserve) over owners priority |
System wide
contribution to the marketing fund (2% of guest room revenues on the effective date). |
2011$5 million
2012
|
Not applicable | |||||||
Courtyard Seattle Downtown |
7% | 50% of the excess of operating profit (after deduction for contributions to the FF&E reserve) over Owners Priority |
System wide
contribution to the marketing fund (2% of guest room revenues on the effective date). |
$3,670,983 plus
10.25% of owner funded capital expenses |
Not applicable |
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Hotel |
Management
|
Incentive Fee |
Marketing Fee | Owners Priority (2) |
Owners
Investment (2) |
|||||||
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza |
3.5% | First Incentive Fee: 100% of operating profit (after deduction for contributions to the FF&E reserve) after Owners First Priority until an aggregate amount of $2 million is paid to manager. Second Incentive Fee: After payment of owners 1st priority and managers first incentive fee, remaining operating profit is split between owner and manager, such that manager receives 30% of remaining operating profit that is less than the sum of 6,675,000 plus 15% of owner-funded capital expenses, and 40% of the operating profit in excess of such sum. |
Reimbursement
of the hotels pro rata share of chain services, capped at 2.8% of gross revenues per fiscal year |
Owners 1st
Priority: $5,006,250 plus 11.25% of owner funded capital expenses Owners 2nd Priority: After payment of the owners 1st priority and managers fee, remaining operating profit is split between owner and manager, such that owner receives 70% of remaining operating profit that is less than the sum of $6,675,000 plus 15% of owner- funded capital expenses, and 60% of the operating profit in excess of such sum. |
Not applicable |
(1) | Management fee is expressed as a percentage of gross hotel revenue |
(2) | Owners priority and owners investment amounts disclosed in the table are based on the most recent certification provided to us by the applicable manager. These amounts will continue to increase over time by the amount of additional owner-funded capital expenses. |
The hotel management agreements allow each hotel to operate under the Marriott or Hilton brand names, as applicable, and provide benefits typically associated with franchise agreements, including, among others, the use of the Marriott or Hilton, as applicable, reservation system and guest loyalty and reward program. Any intellectual property and trademarks of Marriott or Hilton, as applicable are exclusively owned and controlled by the applicable manager or an affiliate of such manager who grants the manager rights to use such intellectual property or trademarks with respect to the applicable hotel.
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Our TRS lessees, as lessees of the respective hotels, have entered into hotel management agreements with Hilton Management LLC for two of the hotels and Marriott Hotel Services, Inc. or its affiliates (Courtyard Management Corporation and Renaissance Hotel Management Company, LLC) for six of the hotels. Below is a summary of the principal terms of the hotel management agreements with Hilton and Marriott.
Marriott Management Agreements
Term. The base term of each of our six Marriott management agreements ranges from 14 to 30 years, expiring between December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2041. Each of these agreements has automatic extension options at the discretion of the manager, ranging from two 10-year extensions to five 10-year extensions.
Events of Default. An Event of Default under the Marriott hotel management agreements is generally defined to include the bankruptcy or insolvency of either party, the failure to make a payment under the hotel management agreement and failure to cure such non-payment after due notice, and a breach by either party of any other covenants or obligations in the hotel management agreement which continues beyond the applicable notice and grace period.
Termination Upon Event of Default. A non-defaulting party may terminate the hotel management agreement upon an Event of Default (as defined in the applicable hotel management agreement) after the expiration of any notice and cure periods; provided, however, the hotel management agreement may not be terminated by the non-defaulting party unless and until such Event of Default has a material adverse effect on the non-defaulting party. In the case of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, if the defaulting party contests such Event of Default or such material adverse effect, we may not terminate unless a court of competent jurisdiction has issued a final, binding and non-appealable order finding that the Event of Default has occurred and that the default resulted in a material adverse effect.
Early Termination for Casualty. The termination provisions for our initial hotels in the event of casualty are summarized as follows:
| Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown: If damage or destruction to the hotel from any cause materially and adversely affects the operation of the hotel and we fail to promptly commence and complete the repair, rebuilding or replacement of the same to bring it back to substantially its prior condition, manager may, at its option, terminate the management agreement by written notice. |
| Marriott Plano Legacy Town Center; Courtyard San Francisco Downtown; Seattle Marriott Waterfront; Courtyard Seattle Downtown; Renaissance Tampa International Plaza: If the hotel suffers a total casualty (meaning the cost of the damage to be repaired or replaced would be equal to 30% or more of the then total replacement cost of the hotel), then either party may terminate the hotel management agreement. |
Early Termination for Condemnation. If all or substantially all of the hotel is taken in any condemnation or similar proceeding, or a portion of the hotel is so taken, and the result is that it is unreasonable to continue to operate the hotel in accordance with the hotel management agreement, the hotel management agreement shall terminate.
Performance Termination. All of the Marriott hotel management agreements are structured to provide us with a right to terminate the hotel management agreement without the payment of a termination fee if manager fails to achieve certain criteria relating to the performance of the hotel managed by Marriott. The performance period is measured with respect to any two consecutive fiscal years, except that for the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, the performance period will not include any fiscal year prior to 2015, and for the Courtyard Seattle Downtown, the performance period will not include any period prior to 2013. The performance criteria includes each of the following: (i) operating profit for each such fiscal year is less than the applicable performance termination threshold (as defined in the hotel management agreement) which ranges from 9.5% to 10.25% of the
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approximate total investment in the hotel, and in the case of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown is 85% of the owners priority return (as defined in the hotel management agreement), (ii) the RevPAR penetration index of the hotel during each such fiscal year is less than the revenue index threshold (as such terms are defined in the hotel management agreements) which range from 0.85 to 1.00, and (iii) the fact that the criteria set forth in (i) or (ii) is not the result of an extraordinary event or force majeure, any major renovation of the hotel adversely affecting a material portion of the income generating areas (or any major renovation with respect to the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown), or any default by us under the hotel management agreement. The manager has a right to avoid a performance termination by paying to us the total amount by which the operating profit for each of the fiscal years in question was less than the performance termination threshold for such fiscal years, or in the case of Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, by waiving base management fees until such time as the total amount of waived base management fees equals the shortfall of operating profit for each of the fiscal years in question to the performance termination threshold for such fiscal years.
Limitation on Termination Rights. Our ability to exercise termination rights is subject to certain limitations if the manager or any of its affiliates are providing certain credit enhancements, loans or fundings as described in the hotel management agreement, or in certain cases, if managers incentive management fee is outstanding.
Assignment and Sale. Each Marriott management agreement provides that we cannot sell the applicable hotel to any unrelated third party or engage in certain change of control actions if (i) we are in default under the hotel management agreement, (ii) such party is known to be of bad moral character or has been convicted of a felony or is in control of or controlled by persons who have been convicted of felonies, (iii) such party does not (in the reasonable judgment of manager) have sufficient financial resources and liquidity to fulfill our obligations under the hotel management agreement, (iv) such party has an ownership interest, either directly or indirectly, in a brand or group of hotels totaling at least 10 hotels and such brand or group competes with manager or Marriott or any affiliate thereof, or (v) with respect to the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, such party is a specially designated national or blocked person as designated by the applicable governmental entity. Any sale of the property (which includes any equity transfer, whether directly or indirectly) is subject to certain conditions, including the provision of notice of such sale to the manager.
Right of First Offer. All of the Marriott management agreements provide Marriott with a right of first negotiation with respect to a sale of the hotel (which includes the equity transfer of a controlling interest in the owner of the hotel, whether directly or indirectly). A sale or transfer to an affiliate is specifically excluded from this right. After notice of a proposed sale to the manager, we have a specified time period, ranging from 20 to 45 days, to negotiate an acceptable purchase and sale agreement. If after such time period no agreement is signed, we are free to sell or lease the hotel to a third party, subject to certain conditions, such as providing notice of sale to manager (with certain details regarding the terms of sale). Manager then has a specified time period, ranging from 20 to 45 days, depending on our compliance with the assignment and sale provisions above, to either consent to such sale or not consent to such sale. If manager does not timely respond or does not consent to such sale, certain of the management agreements provide that the sale must occur 180 days after provision of the notice of sale or the notice of sale is deemed void and we must provide a new notice to manager.
Hilton Management Agreements
Term. The base term of each of our two Hilton management agreements was 10 years, expiring December 31, 2013. Each of these agreements has been extended through December 31, 2023 and has three 10-year automatic extension options remaining, at the discretion of the manager.
Events of Default. An Event of Default under the Hilton hotel management agreements is generally defined to include the bankruptcy or insolvency of either party, the failure to make a payment under the hotel management agreement and failure to cure such non-payment after due notice, a breach by either party of any other covenants or obligations in the hotel management agreement which continues beyond the applicable notice and grace period, failure to maintain certain alcohol licenses and permits under certain circumstances due to our
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default under the operating lease or mortgage, failure by us to provide manager with sufficient working capital to operate the hotel after due notice and a termination of our operating lease due to our default under the operating lease.
Termination Upon Event of Default. If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any applicable notice and cure periods set forth in the hotel management agreement, the non-defaulting party generally has, among other remedies, the option of terminating the applicable hotel management agreement upon written notice to the defaulting party.
Performance Termination. Each of the Hilton management agreements provide us with a right to terminate the hotel management agreement without the payment of a termination fee if the manager fails to achieve certain criteria relating to the performance of the hotel managed by Hilton. The performance period is measured with respect to any two consecutive fiscal years. The performance criteria are: (i) the hotels operating cash flow (before deducting our priority return) does not equal or exceed 85% of the our priority return (as defined in the hotel management agreement); and (ii) the hotels yield index is below the base yield index (as such terms are defined in the hotel management agreement), which is 90%. The manager has a right to avoid a performance termination by paying to us an amount equal to the deficiency set forth in subparagraph (i) above to cure such performance default, but in no event may manager exercise such cure with respect to more than four full operating years during the initial term or with respect to more than four full operating years during any single extension term. The amount of any shortfall payable by manager to us shall be reduced to the extent of any portion attributable to a force majeure event, performance of certain capital renewals and major capital improvements adversely affecting a material portion of the income generating areas of the hotel, or certain uncontrollable expenses that could not have been reasonably anticipated by manager.
Assignment and Sale. Each Hilton management agreement provides that we cannot sell the applicable hotel to any unrelated third party, which includes the transfer of an equity interest, or engage in certain change of control actions (i) if such party has an ownership interest, either directly or indirectly, in a brand of hotels totaling at least 10 hotels and such brand competes with the manager or Hilton or any affiliate thereof; (ii) if such party is known to be of ill repute or an unsuitable business associate (per gaming industry regulations where the manager holds a gaming license); (iii) if such party does not have the ability to fulfill our financial obligations under the hotel management agreement; or (iv) if certain conditions are not satisfied, including cure of any existing or potential defaults, receipt of evidence of proper insurance coverage, payment of fees and expenses which will accrue to the manager through the date of closing, and provision of sufficient notice of the contemplated sale to the manager.
Right of First Offer. Each of the Hilton management agreements provides the manager with a right of first negotiation with respect to a sale of the hotel (which includes any equity transfer, whether directly or indirectly) or lease of the hotel (if applicable). After notice of a proposed sale or lease to the manager, the manager has 30 days to elect or decline to exercise its right to purchase or lease. If manager makes an election to purchase or lease, the parties have 30 days to execute an agreement for purchase (or lease, if applicable) and an additional 30 days to consummate the purchase or lease (if applicable). If the manager declines to exercise its right to purchase or lease, the sale or lease must occur within 180 days at greater than 90% of the price or the notice of sale must be renewed to manager.
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Remington Master Management Agreement
The following summary of the terms of the master management agreement with Remington does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
As described below under Mutual Exclusivity Agreement, we entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington upon completion of the spin-off. Remington will manage the Pier House Resort if we exercise our option to acquire that hotel. Remington is owed 100% by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors and the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of Ashford Trust, and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. Pursuant to this agreement, we have agreed to engage Remington for the property management, project management, development and certain other work for all hotels we acquire, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to engage Remington, or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington because, in their reasonable business judgment, they have determined that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. We believe Remington to be one of the premier third-party hotel managers in the country, and our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington offers us a unique competitive advantage over other lodging REITs.
The following summarizes the terms of the master management agreement that we have agreed will control to the extent that Remington manages future properties that we acquire and that will control with respect to the project management of each of our properties, including our initial properties. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of Remington master management agreement filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Term. The master management agreement provides for an initial term of 10 years as to each hotel governed by the agreement. The term may be renewed by Remington, at its option, subject to certain performance tests, for three successive periods of seven years each and, thereafter, a final term of four years, provided that at the time the option to renew is exercised, Remington is not then in default under the master management agreement. If at the time of the exercise of any renewal period, Remington is in default, then the exercise of the renewal option will be conditional on timely cure of such default, and if such default is not timely cured, then our TRS lessee may terminate the management agreement regardless of the exercise of such option and without the payment of any fee or liquidated damages. If Remington desires to exercise any option to renew, it must give our TRS lessee written notice of its election to renew the master management agreement no less than 90 days before the expiration of the then current term of the master management agreement.
Amounts Payable under the Remington Master Management Agreement. Remington receives a base management fee, and if the hotels meet and exceed certain thresholds, an additional incentive fee. The base management fee for each hotel will be due monthly and will be equal to the greater of:
| $12,673.48 (increased annually based on consumer price index adjustments); and |
| 3% of the gross revenues associated with that hotel for the related month. |
The incentive management fee, if any, for each hotel will be due annually in arrears within 90 days of the end of the fiscal year and will be equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of gross revenues and (ii) the amount by which the actual house profit (gross operating profit of the applicable hotel before deducting management fees or franchise fees) exceeds the target house profit as set forth in the annual operating budget approved for the applicable fiscal year. If, however, based on actual operations and revised forecasts from time to time, it is reasonably anticipated that the incentive fee is reasonably expected to be earned, the applicable TRS lessee will consider payment of the incentive fee pro-rata on a quarterly basis.
The incentive fee is designed to encourage Remington to generate higher house profit at each hotel by increasing the fee due to Remington when the hotels generate house profit above certain threshold levels. Any increased revenues will generate increased lease payments under the percentage leases and should thereby benefit our stockholders.
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Termination. The master management agreement may be terminated as to one or more of the hotels earlier than the stated term if certain events occur, including:
| a sale of a hotel; |
| the failure of Remington to satisfy certain performance standards; |
| for the convenience of our TRS lessee; |
| in the event of a casualty to, condemnation of, or force majeure involving a hotel; or |
| upon a default by Remington or us that is not cured prior to the expiration of any applicable cure periods. |
In certain cases of early termination of the master management agreement with respect to one or more of the hotels, we must pay Remington termination fees, plus any amounts otherwise due to Remington pursuant to the terms of the master management agreement. We will be obligated to pay termination fees in the circumstances described below, provided that Remington is not then in default, subject to certain cure and grace periods:
| Sale. If any hotel subject to the Remington master management agreement is sold during the first 12 months of the date such hotel becomes subject to the master management agreement, our TRS lessee may terminate the master management agreement with respect to such sold hotel, provided that it pays to Remington an amount equal to the management fee (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be payable to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget for the balance of the first year of the term. If any hotel subject to the Remington master management agreement is sold at any time after the first year of the term and the TRS lessee terminates the master management agreement with respect to such hotel, our TRS lessee will have no obligation to pay any termination fees. |
| Casualty. If any hotel subject to the Remington master management agreement is the subject of a casualty during the first year of the initial 10-year term and the TRS lessee elects not to rebuild, then we must pay to Remington the termination fee, if any, that would be owed if the hotel had been sold. However, after the first year of the initial 10-year term, if a hotel is the subject of a casualty and the TRS lessee elects not to rebuild the hotel even though sufficient casualty insurance proceeds are available to do so, then the TRS lessee must pay to Remington a termination fee equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) nine. |
| Condemnation or Force Majeure. In the event of a condemnation of, or the occurrence of any force majeure event with respect to, any of the hotels, the TRS lessee has no obligation to pay any termination fees if the master management agreement terminates as to those hotels. |
|
Failure to Satisfy Performance Test. If any hotel subject to the Remington master management agreement fails to satisfy a certain performance test, the TRS lessee may terminate the master management agreement with respect to such hotel, and in such case, the TRS lessee must pay to Remington an amount equal to 60% of the product obtained by multiplying (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be paid to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) nine. Remington will have failed the performance test with respect to a particular hotel if during any fiscal year during the term (i) such hotels gross operating profit margin for such fiscal year is less than 75% of the average gross operating profit margins of comparable hotels in similar markets and geographical locations, as reasonably determined by Remington and the TRS lessee, and (ii) such hotels RevPAR yield penetration is less than 80%. Upon a performance test failure, the TRS lessee must give Remington two years to cure. If, after the first year, the performance test failure has not been cured, then the TRS |
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lessee may, in order not to waive any such failure, require Remington to engage a consultant with significant hotel lodging experience reasonably acceptable to both Remington and the TRS lessee, to make a determination as to whether or not another management company could manage the hotel in a materially more efficient manner. If the consultants determination is in the affirmative, then Remington must engage such consultant to assist with the cure of such performance failure for the second year of the cure period after that failure. If the consultants determination is in the negative, then Remington will be deemed not to be in default under the performance test. The cost of such consultant will be shared by the TRS lessee and Remington equally. If Remington fails the performance test for the second year of the cure period and, after that failure, the consultant again makes a finding that another management company could manage the hotel in a materially more efficient manner than Remington, then the TRS lessee has the right to terminate the management agreement with respect to such hotel upon 45 days written notice to Remington and to pay to Remington the termination fee described above. Further, if any hotel subject to the Remington management agreement is within a cure period due to a failure of the performance test, an exercise of a renewal option shall be conditioned upon timely cure of the performance test failure, and if the performance failure is not timely cured, the TRS lessee may elect to terminate the management agreement without paying any termination fee. |
| For Convenience. With respect to any hotel managed by Remington pursuant to the Remington master management agreement, if the TRS lessee elects for convenience to terminate the management of such hotel, at any time, including during any renewal term, the TRS lessee must pay a termination fee to Remington, equal to the product of (i) 65% of the aggregate management fees for such hotel (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be payable to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) and (ii) nine. With respect to any non-managed hotel for which services are provided pursuant to the Remington master management agreement, if the TRS lessee elects for convenience to terminate the master management agreement with respect to such non-managed hotel, at any time, including during any renewal term, the TRS lessee must pay a termination fee to Remington, equal to the product of (i) 65% of the aggregate project management fees and market service fees estimated for the non-managed hotel for the then current fiscal year in which such termination is to occur (but in no event less than the project management fees and market service fees for the preceding full fiscal year) by (ii) nine. |
If the master management agreement terminates as to all of the hotels covered in connection with a default under the master management agreement, the mutual exclusivity agreement can also be terminated at the non-defaulting partys election. See Mutual Exclusivity Agreement.
Maintenance and Modifications. Remington must maintain each hotel in good repair and condition and make such routine maintenance, repairs and minor alterations as it deems reasonably necessary. The cost of all such maintenance, repairs and alterations will be paid by the TRS lessee.
Insurance. Remington must coordinate with the TRS lessee the procurement and maintenance of all workers compensation, employers liability, and other appropriate and customary insurance related to its operations as a property manager, the cost of which is the responsibility of the TRS lessee.
Assignment and Subleasing. Neither Remington nor the TRS lessee may assign or transfer the master management agreement without the other partys prior written consent. However, Remington may assign its rights and obligations to an affiliate that satisfies the eligible independent contractor requirements and is controlled by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., or their respective family partnerships or trusts, the sole members or beneficiaries of which are at all times lineal descendants of Messrs. Monty or Archie Bennett, Jr. (including step children) and spouses. Controlled means (i) the possession of a majority of the capital stock (or ownership interest) and voting power of such affiliate, directly or indirectly, or (ii) the power
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to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such affiliate in the capacity of chief executive officer, president, chairman, or other similar capacity where they are actively engaged or involved in providing such direction or control and spend a substantial amount of time managing such affiliate. No assignment will release Remington from any of its obligations under the master management agreement.
Damage to Hotels. If any of our insured properties is destroyed or damaged, the TRS lessee is obligated, subject to the requirements of the underlying lease, to repair or replace the damaged or destroyed portion of the hotel to the same condition as existed prior to such damage or destruction. If the lease relating to such damaged hotel is terminated pursuant to the terms of the lease, the TRS lessee has the right to terminate the master management agreement with respect to such damaged hotel upon 60 days written notice. In the event of a termination, neither the TRS lessee nor Remington will have any further liabilities or obligations under the master management agreement with respect to such damaged hotel, except that we may be obligated to pay to Remington a termination fee, as described above. If the management agreement remains in effect with respect to such damaged hotel, and the damage does not result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, the TRS lessees to pay management fees will be unabated. If, however, the master management agreement remains in effect with respect to such damaged hotel, but the damage does result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, the TRS lessee will be entitled to partial, pro rata abatement of the management fees while the hotel is being repaired.
Condemnation of a Property or Force Majeure. If all or substantially all of a hotel is subject to a total condemnation or a partial taking that prevents use of the property as a hotel, the Remington master management agreement, with respect to such hotel, will terminate, subject to the requirements of the applicable lease. In the event of termination, neither the TRS lessee nor Remington will have any further rights, remedies, liabilities or obligations under the Remington master management agreement with respect to such hotel. If any partial taking of a property does not make it unreasonable to continue to operate the hotel, there is no right to terminate the master management agreement. If there is an event of force majeure or any other cause beyond the control of Remington that directly involves a hotel and has a significant adverse effect upon the continued operations of that hotel, then the Remington management agreement may be terminated by the TRS lessee. In the event of such a termination, neither the TRS lessee nor Remington will have any further rights, remedies, liabilities or obligations under the Remington master management agreement with respect to such hotel.
Annual Operating Budget. The master management agreement provides that not less than 45 days prior to the beginning of each fiscal year during the term of the master management agreement, Remington will submit to the TRS lessee for each of the hotels, an annual operating budget setting forth in detail an estimated profit and loss statement for each of the next 12 months (or for the balance of the fiscal year in the event of a partial first fiscal year), including a schedule of hotel room rentals and other rentals and a marketing and business plan for each of the hotels. The budget is subject to the TRS lessee approval, which may not be unreasonably withheld. The budget may be revised from time to time, taking into account such circumstances as the TRS lessee deems appropriate or as business and operating conditions shall demand, subject to the reasonable approval of Remington.
Capital Improvement Budget. Remington must prepare a capital improvement budget of the expenditures necessary for replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment and building repairs for the hotels during the following fiscal year and provide such budget to the relevant TRS lessee and landlord for approval at the same time Remington submits the proposed annual operating budget for approval by TRS lessee. Remington will, in accordance with the capital improvement budget, make such substitutions and replacements of or renewals to furniture, fixtures and equipment and non-routine repairs and maintenance as it deems necessary to maintain our hotels. Remington may not make any other expenditures for these items without the relevant TRS lessee and landlord approval, except expenditures which are provided in the capital improvements budget or are required by reason of any (i) emergency, (ii) applicable legal requirements, (iii) the terms of any franchise agreement or (iv) are otherwise required for the continued safe and orderly operation of our hotels. The cost of all such changes, repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals, or replacements will be paid from the capital improvement reserve or other monies advanced by the TRS lessee.
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Service and Project Management Fees. The master management agreement provides that each TRS lessee will pay Remington a project management fee equal to 4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the approved capital improvement budget for a hotel until such time that the capital improvement budget and/or renovation project costs involve expenditures in excess of 5% of gross revenues of such hotel, whereupon the project management fee will be 3% of total project costs in excess of the 5% of gross revenue threshold. In addition, each TRS lessee will pay Remington additional fees at then-current market rates for other services beyond managing the hotels or implementing the capital improvement budget. These other services include: (i) construction management, (ii) interior design assistance involved in implementing the capital improvement budget, (iii) managing architects for the implementation of the capital improvement budget, overseeing all conceptual designs and reviewing plans, drawings, shop drawings and other matters necessary for the proper implementation of the capital improvement budget, (iv) purchasing of furniture, fixtures, and equipment, (v) managing freight selection and shipping processes of furniture, fixtures, and equipment, (vi) the warehousing of goods delivered at the job site, inspection of materials delivered, and the filing of claims associated with the delivery of defective or damaged goods and (vii) management and oversight of the installation of furniture, fixtures and equipment.
The fees for the additional services will be consistent with the approved capital improvement budget and will be deemed approved by the TRS lessee and landlord unless a majority of our independent directors determine that such fees for the additional services are not in line with market rates for similar services. In the event that the majority of our independent directors determine that the fees for the additional services are not market, the TRS lessee and Remington will engage a consultant reasonably satisfactory to both parties to provide then current market information with respect to the proposed fees and a written recommendation as to whether such fees are market rates or not. If the consultant determines that such fees as proposed by Remington are market, then the landlord will pay any consultant fees incurred by such consultant in making the determination. If the consultants recommendation does not support the fees as proposed by Remington, then Remington will pay the consultants fees incurred in connection with the determination and may, at its election, perform such service for fees consistent with the market research and recommendation of the consultant or elect not to provide such services and no termination fee will be payable. If Remington elects not to provide project related services for a non-managed hotel, no termination fee will be payable.
If the TRS lessee elects, for convenience, to terminate the project management and other market services being provided by Remington with respect to a hotel property (not taking into consideration any property management services), we must pay a termination fee to Remington equal to the product of (i) 65% of the project management fees and market service fees estimated to be payable to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current capital budget (but in no event less than the aggregate project management fees and market services fees for the preceding full fiscal year) and (ii) nine.
Indemnity Provisions. Remington has agreed to indemnify each TRS lessee against all damages not covered by insurance that arise from: (i) the fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence of Remington subject to certain limitations; (ii) infringement by Remington of any third partys intellectual property rights; (iii) employee claims based on a substantial violation by Remington of employment laws or that are a direct result of the corporate policies of Remington; (iv) the knowing or reckless placing, discharge, leakage, use or storage of hazardous materials in violation of applicable environmental laws on or in any of our hotels by Remington; or (v) the breach by Remington of the master management agreement, including action taken by Remington beyond the scope of its authority under the master management agreement, which is not cured.
Except to the extent indemnified by Remington as described in the preceding paragraph, each TRS lessee will indemnify Remington against all damages not covered by insurance and that arise from: (i) the performance of Remingtons services under the master management agreement; (ii) the condition or use of our hotels; (iii) certain liabilities to which Remington is subjected, including pursuant to the WARN Act, in connection with the termination of the master management agreement; (iv) all employee cost and expenses; or (v) any claims made by an employee of Remington against Remington that are based on a violation or alleged violation of the employment laws.
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Events of Default. Events of default under the Remington master management agreement include:
| The TRS lessee or Remington files a voluntary bankruptcy petition, or experiences a bankruptcy-related event not discharged within 90 days. |
| The TRS lessee or Remington fails to make any payment due under the master management agreement, subject to a 10-day notice and cure period. |
| The TRS lessee or Remington fails to observe or perform any other term of the management agreement, subject to a 30-day notice and cure period. There are certain instances in which the 30-day notice and cure period can be extended to up to 120 days. |
| Remington does not qualify as an eligible independent contractor as such term is defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Code. |
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any grace period, the non-defaulting party will have the option of terminating the Remington management agreement, on 30 days notice to the other party.
Option Agreements
The following summary of the terms of the option agreements does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreements, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Upon the completion of the spin-off, we entered into an option agreement to acquire the Pier House Resort from Ashford Trust and a separate option agreement to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott from Ashford Trust. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. Pursuant to the Pier House Resort option agreement, we have an 18-month option to acquire the Pier House Resort. The purchase price initially will be $92.7 million (which is the price Ashford Trust paid when it acquired the property in May 2013 plus the out-of-pocket costs incurred by Ashford Trust in connection with the acquisition and subsequent financing), plus the cost of any owner-funded capital improvements made by Ashford Trust prior to our acquisition of the hotel. The purchase price (excluding any amount attributable to owner-funded capital expenditures) will increase by 1% six months following the spin-off and will increase an additional 1% 12 months following the spin-off. The Crystal Gateway option agreement provides us with an option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott beginning six months from the spin-off date and extending for 12 months from such date. The purchase price will be equal to the fair market value at the time the option is exercised, based on an appraisal prepared by a nationally recognized appraiser jointly selected by us and Ashford Trust. The purchase price for the Pier House Resort is payable in cash or common units of our operating partnership, at the option of Ashford Trust, while the purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott is payable in common units only. If we exercise our right to purchase either of these properties, Ashford Trust can terminate the option agreements if the value of the common units in our operating partnership payable in connection with such exercise (measured by the value of our common stock) decreases by more than 20% between the option exercise date and the closing date. In connection with the Pier House option, this termination right will only apply if the purchase price is payable in common units of our operating partnership.
Under the terms of a tax reporting and protection agreement entered into when Ashford Trust OP acquired the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia, Ashford Trust OP will be required to pay certain tax liabilities of partners of the original contributor if the indebtedness related to the Crystal Gateway Marriott is reduced, or the hotel is disposed of, in a taxable transaction before July 13, 2016. We have agreed that if we exercise our option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott, we will indemnify Ashford Trust OP for any tax liability that Ashford Trust OP is required to pay under the existing tax reporting and protective agreement. The potential tax liability generally consists of the aggregate federal, state and local income tax liability incurred by the partners of the original contributor to Ashford Trust (using an assumed combined federal, state and local income tax rate at the then-highest applicable marginal rate for such contributor) with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor under Section 704(c) of the Code.
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The terms of the existing tax reporting and protection agreement require us to gross up the tax indemnity payment for the amount of income taxes due as a result of the tax indemnity payment. No tax indemnity payment will be due if we acquire the hotel and then dispose of it in a tax-deferred transaction, such as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Code. The existing tax reporting and protection agreement also requires Ashford Trust OP to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse indebtedness in the amount of at least $43.3 million through July 13, 2016, which will allow the partners of the original contributor to continue to defer recognition of gain in connection with the contribution of the Crystal Gateway Marriott to Ashford Trust. We have agreed to use such commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the minimum non-recourse indebtedness if we exercise our option to acquire this hotel.
Right of First Offer Agreement
The following summary of the terms of the right of first offer agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Upon the completion of the spin-off, we entered into a right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust. The hotels currently held by Ashford Trust and subject to the right of first offer are as follows:
Hotel Property |
Location |
Total
Rooms |
%
Owned |
RevPAR for
Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
RevPAR for
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
|||||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Beverly Hills* |
Beverly Hills, CA | 260 | 100 | % | $ | 133.00 | $ | 140.04 | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Crystal City |
Arlington, VA | 267 | 100 | % | 156.81 | 157.94 | ||||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Key West |
Key West, FL | 160 | 100 | % | 177.08 | 200.37 | ||||||||||||
Hyatt Coral Gables |
Coral Gables, FL | 242 | 100 | % | 133.98 | 142.48 | ||||||||||||
One Ocean Jacksonville |
Jacksonville, FL | 193 | 100 | % | 108.41 | 119.56 | ||||||||||||
Houston Embassy Suites |
Houston, TX | 150 | 100 | % | 134.86 | 142.81 | ||||||||||||
Portland Embassy Suites |
Portland, OR | 276 | 100 | % | 131.83 | 149.29 | ||||||||||||
Ritz-Carlton Atlanta |
Atlanta, GA | 444 | 72 | %** | 123.60 | 133.28 | ||||||||||||
Hilton Boston Back Bay |
Boston, MA | 390 | 72 | %** | 184.47 | 189.89 | ||||||||||||
Courtyard Boston Downtown |
Boston, MA | 315 | 72 | %** | 133.64 | 131.06 | ||||||||||||
The Churchill |
Washington, D.C. | 173 | 72 | %** | 122.99 | 121.52 | ||||||||||||
The Melrose |
Washington, D.C. | 240 | 72 | %** | 122.00 | 125.43 |
* | Ashford Trust has entered into a franchise agreement to convert this hotel to a Marriott after the expiration of the existing Crowne Plaza license agreement in March 2015. |
** | These hotels are owned by a joint venture in which Ashford Trust holds an approximate 71.74% common equity interest and a $25.0 million preferred equity interest. To the extent Ashford Trust has the opportunity to acquire the entire interest in these hotels or controls the right to sell these hotels, the right of first offer agreement between us and Ashford Trust will extend to these properties. |
The right of first offer agreement provides us the first right to acquire each of the subject hotels, to the extent the board of directors of Ashford Trust determines to market and sell the hotel, subject to any prior rights of the managers of the hotel or other third parties and the limitation noted in the footnote to the table above with respect to hotels in a joint venture. In addition, so long as we do not materially change our initial investment guidelines without the express consent of Ashford Advisor, the right of first offer agreement extends to hotels later acquired by Ashford Trust that satisfy our initial investment guidelines. We believe this right of first offer provides us with significant external growth opportunities. We further believe the hotels listed in the table above fit our desired RevPAR and geographic location profile.
If Ashford Trust decides to offer for sale an asset that fits our investment guidelines, it must give us a written notice describing the sale terms and granting us the right to purchase the asset at a purchase price equal to
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the price set forth in the offer. We will have 30 days to agree to the terms of the sale, failing which Ashford Trust will be free to sell the asset to any person upon substantially the same terms as those contained in the written notice for 180 days, but not for a price less than 95% of the offered purchase price. If during such 180-day period, Ashford Trust desires to accept an offer that is not on substantially the same terms as those contained in the written notice or that is less than 95% of the offered purchase price, Ashford Trust must give us written notice of the new terms and we will have 10 days in which to agree to the terms of the sale. If Ashford Trust does not close on the sale or refinancing of the asset within 180 days following the expiration of the initial 30-day period, the right to purchase the asset will be reinstated on the same terms.
Likewise, we have agreed to give Ashford Trust a right of first offer with respect to any properties that we acquire in a portfolio transaction, to the extent our board of directors determines it is appropriate to market and sell such assets and we control the disposition, provided such assets satisfy Ashford Trusts investment guidelines. Any such right of first offer granted to Ashford Trust will be subject to certain prior rights, if any, granted to the managers of the related properties or other third parties.
The right of first offer agreement has an initial term of 10 years and is subject to automatic one year renewal periods unless one party notifies the other that it does not intend to renew the agreement. The agreement may be terminated by either party (i) upon a default of the other party upon giving notice of such default and the defaulting party fails to cure within 45 days subject to certain exclusions, and (ii) if the other party experiences specified bankruptcy events. Also, if we materially modify our initial investment guidelines without consent of Ashford Trust (which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion), our right of first refusal for any assets owned or later acquired by Ashford Trust and its affiliates, other than the initial assets subject to the right of first offer agreement, will terminate unless otherwise agreed by the parties. Further, the agreement will automatically terminate upon a termination of our advisory agreement or upon a change of control of either us or Ashford Trust, excluding any change of control that may occur as a result of a spin-off, carve-out, split-off or other similar event.
TRS Leases
Six of our initial hotels are owned by our operating partnership and leased to subsidiaries of Ashford Prime TRS. Two of our initial hotels are held in a joint venture in which we have a 75% equity interest. The two hotels owned by the joint venture are leased to subsidiaries of the joint venture, which two subsidiaries we have elected to treat as TRSs. In connection with the spin-off, Ashford Prime TRS acquired one TRS lessee, which has three subsidiaries one of which is a TRS (that collectively lease six of our properties). Ashford Prime TRS has elected to be treated as a TRS. Each of the existing leases will remain in place. We intend to lease all hotels we acquire in the future, other than pursuant to sale-leaseback transactions with unrelated third parties, to a TRS lessee, pursuant to the terms of leases that are generally similar to the terms of the existing leases. Ashford Advisor will negotiate the terms and provisions of each future lease, considering such things as the purchase price paid for the hotel, then current economic conditions and any other factors deemed relevant at the time.
Term. The leases for each of the initial hotels includes a term of five years, which began on January 1, 2013, except in the case of the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown, the term began on December 2, 2011 and expires on December 31, 2016. The leases may be terminated earlier than the stated term if certain events occur, including specified damages to the related hotel, a condemnation of the related hotel or the sale of the related hotel, or an event of default that is not cured within any applicable cure or grace periods. The lessor must pay a termination fee to the TRS lessee if and to the extent the TRS lessee is obligated to pay a termination fee to the managers as a result of the termination of the lease.
Amounts Payable Under Leases. The leases generally provide for each TRS lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any. The percentage rent for each hotel equals: (i) an agreed percentage of gross revenue that exceeds a threshold amount, less (ii) all prior percentage rent payments.
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Maintenance and Modifications. Each TRS lessee is required to establish and fund, in respect of each fiscal year during the terms of the leases, a reserve account, in the amount of at least 4% of gross revenues per year to cover the cost of capital expenditures, which costs will be paid by our operating partnership. Each TRS lessee shall be required to make (at our sole cost and expense) all capital expenditures required in connection with emergency situations, legal requirements, maintenance of the applicable franchise agreement, the performance by lessee of its obligations under the lease and other permitted additions to the leased property. We also have the right to make additions, modifications or improvements so long as our actions do not significantly alter the character or purposes of the property, significantly detract from the value or operating efficiency of the property or affect the ability of the lessor to comply with the terms of their lease. All capital expenditures relating to material structural components involving expenditures of $1 million or more are subject to the approval of our operating partnership. Any capital improvements to the hotels will be made pursuant to the capital improvement budget as approved by our board of directors. Each TRS lessee is responsible for all routine repair and maintenance of the hotels, and our operating partnership will be responsible for non-routine capital expenditures.
We own substantially all personal property (other than inventory, linens and other nondepreciable personal property) not affixed to, or deemed a part of, the real estate or improvements on our hotels, unless ownership of such personal property would cause the rent under a lease not to qualify as rents from real property for REIT income test purposes. See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REITIncome Tests.
Insurance and Property Taxes. We pay real estate and personal property taxes on the hotels (except to the extent that personal property associated with the hotels is owned by the applicable TRS lessee). We pay for property and casualty insurance relating to the hotel properties and any personal property owned by us. Each TRS lessee pays for all insurance on its personal property, business interruption, comprehensive general public liability, workers compensation, vehicle, and other appropriate and customary insurance. Each TRS lessee must name us as an additional insured on any policies it carries.
Assignment and Subleasing. The TRS lessees are not permitted to sublet any part of the hotels or assign their respective interests under any of the leases without our prior written consent. No assignment or subletting will release any TRS lessee from any of its obligations under the leases.
Damage to Hotels. If any of our insured hotels is destroyed or damaged, whether or not such destruction or damage prevents use of the property as a hotel, the applicable TRS lessee will have the obligation, but only to the extent of insurance proceeds that are made available, to restore the hotel. All insurance proceeds will be paid to our operating partnership (except such proceeds payable for loss or damage to the TRS lessees personal property) and be paid to the applicable TRS lessee for the reasonable costs of restoration or repair. Any excess insurance proceeds remaining after the cost of repair or restoration will be retained by us. If the insurance proceeds are not sufficient to restore the hotel, the TRS lessee or we have the right to terminate the lease upon written notice. In that event, neither we nor the TRS lessee will have any further liabilities or obligations under the lease, except that, if we terminate the lease, we have to pay the TRS lessee termination fees, if any, that become due under the management agreement. If the lease is so terminated, we will keep all insurance proceeds received as a result of such destruction or damage. If the lease is terminated by a TRS lessee, we have the right to reject the termination of the lease and to require the TRS lessee to restore the hotel, provided we agree to pay for all restoration costs in excess of available insurance proceeds. In that event, the related lease will not terminate and we will pay all insurance proceeds to the TRS lessee.
If the cost of restoration exceeds the amount of insurance proceeds, we will contribute any excess amounts necessary to complete the restoration to the TRS lessee before requiring the work to begin. In the event of damage or destruction not covered by insurance, our obligations, as well as those of the applicable TRS lessee, will be the same as in the case of inadequate insurance proceeds. However, regardless of insurance coverage, if damage or destruction rendering the property unsuitable for its primary intended purpose occurs within 24 months of the end of the lease term, we may terminate the lease with 30 days notice. If the lease remains in effect and the damage does not result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, the TRS lessees obligation to
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pay rent will be unabated. If, however, the lease remains in effect but the damage does result in a reduction of gross revenues at the hotel, the TRS lessee will be entitled to a certain amount of rent abatement while the hotel is being repaired. We will keep all proceeds from loss of income insurance.
Condemnation. If any of our hotels is subject to a total condemnation or a partial taking that prevents use of the property as a hotel, we and the TRS lessee each have the option to terminate the related lease. We will share in the condemnation award with the TRS lessee in accordance with the provisions of the related lease. If any partial taking of a hotel does not prevent use of the property as a hotel, the TRS lessee is obligated to restore the untaken portion of the hotel to a complete architectural unit but only to the extent of any available condemnation award. If the condemnation award is not sufficient to restore the hotel, the TRS lessee or we have the right to terminate the lease upon written notice. If the lease is terminated by the TRS lessee, we have the right to reject the termination of the lease and to require the TRS lessee to restore the hotel, provided we agree to pay for all restoration costs in excess of the available condemnation award. We will contribute the cost of such restoration to the TRS lessee. If a partial taking occurs, the base rent will be abated to some extent, taking into consideration, among other factors, the number of usable rooms, the amount of square footage, or the revenues affected by the partial taking.
Events of Default. Events of Default under the leases include:
| The TRS lessee fails to pay rent or other amounts due under the lease, provided that the TRS lessee has a 10-day cure period after receiving a written notice from us that such amounts are due and payable before an event of default would occur. |
| The TRS lessee does not observe or perform any other term of a lease, provided that the TRS lessee has a 30-day cure period after receiving a written notice from us that a term of the lease has been violated before an event of default of default would occur. There are certain instances in which the 30-day grace period can be extended to a maximum of 120 days. |
| The TRS lessee is the subject of a bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation or dissolution event. |
| The TRS lessee voluntarily ceases operations of the hotels for a period of more than 30 days, except as a result of damage, destruction, condemnation, or certain specified unavoidable delays. |
| The default of the TRS lessee under the management agreement for the related hotel because of any action or failure to act by the TRS lessee and the TRS lessee has failed to cure the default within 30 days. |
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any grace period, we have the option of terminating the related lease. If we decide to terminate a lease, we must give the TRS lessee 10 days written notice. Unless the event of default is cured before the termination date we specify in the termination notice, the lease will terminate on the specified termination notice. In that event, the TRS lessee will be required to surrender possession of the related hotel and pay liquidated damages at our option, as provided by the applicable lease.
Termination of Leases. Our operating partnership has the right to terminate any lease prior to the expiration date so long as we pay a termination fee. The termination fee is equal to any termination fee due to a manager under the management agreement.
Indemnification. Each TRS lessee is required to indemnify us for claims arising out of (i) accidents occurring on or about the leased property, (ii) any past, present or future use or condition of the hotel by TRS lessee or any of its agents, employees or invitees, (iii) any impositions that are the obligation of the TRS hotel by lessee, (iv) any failure of the TRS lessee to perform under the lease, and (v) the non-performance of obligations under any sub-lease by the landlord thereunder. We are required to indemnify each TRS lessee for any claim arising out of our gross negligence or willful misconduct arising in connection with the lease and for any failure to perform our obligations under the lease. All indemnification amounts must be paid within 10 days of a determination of liability.
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Breach by Us. If we breach any of the leases, we will have 30 days from the time we receive written notice of the breach from the TRS lessee to cure the breach. This cure period may be extended in the event of certain specified, unavoidable delays.
Ground Leases
Two of our hotels are subject to ground leases that cover the land underlying the respective hotels.
Renaissance Tampa International Plaza. The Renaissance Tampa International Plaza is subject to a land sublease with an initial term that expires December 30, 2080. We pay minimum rent of $300,000 per year through July 31, 2014, and effective as of the August 1, 2014, our annual rent will increase to $350,000.00 per year. In addition, we pay percentage rent in the amount of 2% of gross revenues (less the minimum rent paid) through July 31, 2014 and 3% beginning August 1, 2014. The lease may be assigned at any time to an affiliate, a successor corporation by merger, or a third party which has a net worth of at least $10 million, provided that we give landlord notice of any such assignment, which notice shall include the name of the assignee.
Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. The Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines is subject to a ground lease with the City of San Diego and expires June 30, 2043. Rent is payable monthly and is the greater of minimum rent or percentage rent, determined monthly, with annual true-up. Commencing January 1, 1993 and every five years thereafter, minimum rent is adjusted to be 80% of the annual average of actual rents paid or accrued during the preceding five-year period, but in no event may such rent be adjusted downwards. Percentage rent is determined from a percentage of room and banquet rental revenue, food and beverage sales, alcohol sales, lobby, gift shop and coin operated machine and telephone sales and other authorized uses. Percentage rent is adjusted at least six months prior to the end of the 30th lease year (December 31, 2017) and thereafter at least six months prior to each 10th year by mutual agreement to provide fair rental to landlord. The lease may be assigned with the landlords prior written consent (not to be unreasonably withheld), provided that the hotel is operated by a competent manager. The landlord will not withhold its consent if the assignee is a qualified assignee (defined to be a party, including a successor, who has a net worth not less than us and who is in good standing and has a good reputation within the community) and we satisfy certain other conditions, including that we provide 30 days notice of such assignment, certain financial and other information regarding assignee and an acceptable form of assumption agreement, and that there are no uncured defaults under the lease.
Mutual Exclusivity Agreement
The following summary of the terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Upon completion of the spin-off, we and Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington that was consented and agreed to by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, regarding lodging investment opportunities any of us identifies in the future.
Term. The initial term of the mutual exclusivity agreement is 10 years. This term automatically extends for three additional renewal periods of seven years each and a final renewal period of four years, for a total of up to 35 years. The agreement may be sooner terminated because of:
| an event of default (see Events of Default), |
| a partys early termination rights (see Early Termination), or |
| a termination of all Remington management agreements between the TRS lessee and Remington because of an event of default under the management agreements that affects all properties (see Relationship with Management Agreement). |
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Modification of Investment Guidelines. In the event that we materially modify our initial investment guidelines without the written consent of Ashford Advisor, the Remington parties will have no obligation to present or offer us investment opportunities at any time thereafter. Instead, the Remington parties, subject to the superior rights of the Ashford Trust parties or any other party with which the Remington parties may have an existing agreement, shall use their reasonable discretion to determine how to allocate investment opportunities it identifies. In the event we materially modify our investment guidelines without the consent of Ashford Advisor, the Ashford Trust parties will have superior rights to investment opportunities identified by the Remington parties, and we will no longer retain preferential treatment to investment opportunities identified by the Remington parties. A material modification for this purpose means any modification of our initial investment guidelines to be competitive with Ashford Trusts investment guidelines.
Our Exclusivity Rights. Remington and Mr. Monty Bennett have granted us a first right of refusal to pursue certain lodging investment opportunities identified by Remington or its affiliates (including Mr. Bennett), including opportunities to buy hotel properties, to buy land and build hotels, or to otherwise invest in hotel properties that satisfy our initial investment guidelines and are not considered excluded transactions pursuant to the mutual exclusivity agreement. If investment opportunities are identified and are subject to the mutual exclusivity agreement, and we have not materially modified our initial investment guidelines without the written consent of Remington, then Remington, Mr. Bennett and their affiliates, as the case may be, will not pursue those opportunities (except as described below) and will give us a written notice and description of the investment opportunity, and we will have 10 business days to either accept or reject the investment opportunity. If we reject the opportunity, Remington may then pursue such investment opportunity, subject to a right of first refusal in favor of Ashford Trust pursuant to an existing agreement between Ashford Trust and Remington, on materially the same terms and conditions as offered to us. If the terms of such investment opportunity materially change, then Remington must offer the revised investment opportunity to us, whereupon we will have 10 business days to either accept or reject the opportunity on the revised terms.
Reimbursement of Costs. If we accept an investment opportunity from Remington, we will be obligated to reimburse Remington or its affiliates for the actual out-of-pocket and third-party costs and expenses paid by Remington or its affiliates in connection with such investment opportunity, including any earnest money deposits, but excluding any finders fee, brokerage fee, development fee or other compensation paid by Remington or its affiliates. Remington must submit to us an accounting of the costs in reasonable detail.
Exclusivity Rights of Remington. If we elect to pursue an investment opportunity that consists of the management and operation of a hotel property, and/or the construction, development, project management or the performance of project related services, we will hire Remington to provide such services unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously elect not to engage Remington, or (ii) by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington because they have determined, in their reasonable business judgment, (A) special circumstances exist such that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington for the particular hotel, or (B) based on the prior performance of Remington, another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better than Remington for the particular hotel. In return, Remington has agreed that it will provide those services.
Excluded Investment Opportunities. The following are excluded from the mutual exclusivity agreement and are not subject to any exclusivity rights or right of first refusal:
| With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors have unanimously voted not to engage Remington as the manager or developer. |
| With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors, by a majority vote, have elected not to engage Remington as the manager or developer based on their determination, in their reasonable business judgment, that special circumstances exist such that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington with respect to the particular hotel. |
|
With respect to Remington, an investment opportunity where our independent directors, by a majority vote, have elected not to engage Remington as the manager or developer because they have |
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determined, in their reasonable business judgment, that another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other duties materially better than Remington for the particular hotel, based on Remingtons prior performance. |
| Existing hotel investments of Remington or its affiliates with any of their existing joint venture partners, investors or property owners. |
| Existing bona fide arms length third-party management arrangements (or arrangements for other services such as project management) of Remington or any of its affiliates with third parties other than us and our affiliates. |
| Like-kind exchanges made pursuant to existing contractual obligations by any of the existing joint venture partners, investors or property owners in which Remington or its affiliates have an ownership interest, provided that Remington provides us with notice 10 days prior to such transaction. |
| Any hotel investment that does not satisfy our initial investment guidelines. |
Management or Development. If we hire Remington to manage or operate a hotel or construct hotel improvements, it will be pursuant to the terms of the form of management agreement agreed to between us and Remington. If we hire Remington to develop and construct a hotel, the terms of the development and construction will be pursuant to a form of development agreement that has been agreed to by us and Remington.
Events of Default. Each of the following is a default under the mutual exclusivity agreement:
| we or Remington experience a bankruptcy-related event; |
| we fail to reimburse Remington as described under Reimbursement of Costs, subject to a 30-day cure period; and |
| we or Remington does not observe or perform any other term of the agreement, subject to a 30-day cure period (which may be increased to a maximum of 120 days in certain instances). |
If a default occurs, the non-defaulting party will have the option of terminating the mutual exclusivity agreement and pursuing its rights and remedies under applicable law.
Early Termination. Remington has the right to terminate the exclusivity rights granted to us if:
| Mr. Monty J. Bennett is removed as our chief executive officer or as chairman of our board of directors or is not re-appointed to either position, or he resigns as chief executive officer or chairman of our board of directors; |
| we terminate the Remington exclusivity rights pursuant to the terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement; or |
| our advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor is terminated for any reason pursuant to its terms and Mr. Monty J. Bennett is no longer serving as our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors. |
We may terminate the exclusivity rights granted to Remington if:
| Remington fails to qualify as an eligible independent contractor as defined in Section 856(d)(9) of the Code and for that reason, we terminate the master management agreement with Remington; |
| Remington is no longer controlled by Mr. Monty Bennett or his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. or their respective family partnership or trusts, the sole members of which are at all times lineal descendants of Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. or Mr. Monty Bennett (including step children) and spouses; |
|
we experience a change in control and terminate the master management agreement between us and Remington and have paid a termination fee equal to the greater of (a) the product of (i) 65% of the |
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aggregate management fees for such hotel (both base fees and incentive fees) estimated to be payable to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current annual operating budget (but in no event less than the management fees for the preceding full fiscal year) and (ii) nine, or (b) the product of (i) 65% of the project management fees and market services fees estimated to be payable to Remington with respect to the applicable hotel pursuant to the then current capital improvement budget (but in no event less than the aggregate project management fees and market service fees, for the preceding full fiscal year) and (ii) nine; |
| the Remington parties terminate our exclusivity rights pursuant to the terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement; or |
| our advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor is terminated for any reason pursuant to its terms and Mr. Monty J. Bennett is no longer serving as our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors. |
Assignment. The mutual exclusivity agreement may not be assigned by any of the parties to the agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties, provided that Remington can assign its interest in the mutual exclusivity agreement, without the written consent of the other parties, to one of its affiliates so long as such affiliate qualifies as an eligible independent contractor at the time of such transfer.
Relationship with Management Agreement. The rights provided to us and to Remington in the mutual exclusivity agreement may be terminated if the master management agreement between us and Remington terminates in its entirety because of an event of default as to all of the then-managed properties. A termination of Remingtons management rights with respect to one or more hotels (but not all hotels) does not terminate the mutual exclusivity agreement. A termination of the mutual exclusivity agreement does not terminate any management agreement either in part or in whole, and the management agreements would continue in accordance with their terms as to the hotels covered, despite a termination of the mutual exclusivity agreement.
Licensing Agreement
The following summary of the terms of the licensing agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into a licensing agreement with Ashford Trust pursuant to which Ashford Trust has granted us a non-exclusive, perpetual, royalty-free license to use certain trademarks associated with the Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. name. The license agreement terminates immediately if we end our advisory relationship with Ashford Advisor or one of its affiliates.
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Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors. The board is responsible for the management and control of our affairs. The board has retained Ashford Advisor to manage our operations and our portfolio of hotel assets, subject to the boards supervision. Because of the conflicts of interest created by the relationships among us, Ashford Trust, Ashford Advisor, and Remington, as an expected future property manager and each of their affiliates, many of the responsibilities of the board have been delegated to our independent directors, as discussed below and under Conflicts of Interest.
Our board consists of seven members, five of whom are independent under the director independence standards of the NYSE. Two of our directors, Mr. Monty J. Bennett and Mr. Douglas A. Kessler serve as the chief executive officer and president, respectively, of our company, Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust. Mr. Bennett also serves as the chairman of the board of Ashford Trust.
All directors serve one-year terms, expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders. The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors:
Monty J. Bennett |
48 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | ||||
Douglas A. Kessler |
53 | President and Director | ||||
Stefani D. Carter |
35 | Director | ||||
Curtis B. McWilliams |
58 | Director | ||||
W. Michael Murphy |
68 | Director | ||||
Matthew D. Rinaldi |
38 | Director | ||||
Andrew L. Strong |
47 | Director |
Biographical Information of Directors
Monty J. Bennett has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board since April 2013. Mr. Bennett has also served as the Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the board of directors of Ashford Trust since May 2003. He has served as chairman of the Ashford Trust board of directors since January 2013. Mr. Bennett is a member of the American Hotel & Lodging Associations Industry Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC), the Urban Land Institutes Hotel Council, and is on the Advisory Editorial board for GlobalHotelNetwork.com. He is also a member of the CEO Fiscal Leadership Council for Fix the Debt, a non-partisan group dedicated to reducing the nations federal debt level and on the advisory board of Texans for Education Reform. Formerly, Mr. Bennett was a member of Marriotts Owner Advisory Council and Hiltons Embassy Suites Franchise Advisory Council. Mr. Bennett is a frequent speaker and panelist for various hotel development and investment conferences including the NYU conference and the ALIS conference. Mr. Bennett received the Top-Performing CEO Award from HVS for 2011. This award is presented each year to the CEO in the hospitality industry who offers the best value to shareholders based on HVSs pay-for-performance model. The model compares financial results relative to CEO compensation, as well as a stock appreciation, company growth and increases in EBITDA. Mr. Bennett holds a Masters degree in Business Administration from Cornells S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management and received a Bachelor of Science degree with distinction from the School of Hotel Administration also at Cornell. He is a life member of the Cornell Hotel Society.
Mr. Bennetts extensive industry experience as well as the strong and consistent leadership qualities he has displayed in his role as the chief executive officer and a director of Ashford Trust since its inception are vital skills that make him uniquely qualified to serve as the chairman of our board of directors.
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Douglas A. Kessler has served as our President and as a member of our board of directors since April 2013. Mr. Kessler is also the President of Ashford Advisor, a position he has held since November 19, 2013 and has served as President of Ashford Trust since January 2009. He served on the board of directors of Ashford Trust from January 2013 until the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013. Prior to being appointed President, Mr. Kessler served as Ashford Trusts Chief Operating Officer and Head of Acquisitions beginning in May 2003. Mr. Kessler has spearheaded numerous key initiatives while at Ashford Trust and has been responsible for several billion dollars of capital transactions along with the growth of the companys asset base to in excess of $4 billion. From July 2002 until August 2003, Mr. Kessler also served as the managing director/chief investment officer of Remington Hotel Corporation.
Prior to joining Remington Hotel Corporation in 2002, from 1993 to 2002, Mr. Kessler was employed at Goldman Sachs Whitehall Real Estate Funds, where he assisted in the management of more than $11 billion of real estate (including $6 billion of hospitality investments) involving over 20 operating partner platforms worldwide. During his nine years at Whitehall, Mr. Kessler served on the boards or executive committees of several lodging companies, including Westin Hotels and Resorts and Strategic Hotel Capital. Mr. Kessler has diverse real estate experience totaling nearly 30 years and is a member of Urban Land Institutes Hotel Council and is a frequent speaker and panelist at lodging industry conferences including International Hotel Investment Forum, Americas Lodging Investment Summit and the NYU Lodging Conference. Mr. Kessler has a Masters degree in Business Administration and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Stanford University.
Mr. Kessler has 30 years experience in real estate acquisition, development, sales, finance, asset management, operating companies and fund raising, and he has been involved with the sale or acquisition of over $5 billion in real estate assets with public and private companies and has negotiated over $5 billion in real estate financings. Mr. Kesslers service with Ashford Trust since its initial public offering, first as chief operating officer and currently as president, together with his prior experience in the real estate industry, allows him to bring a valuable perspective to our board that he is uniquely positioned to provide.
Stefani D. Carter is a member of our board of directors. She was appointed to our board on November 5, 2013. Ms. Carter has been a practicing attorney since 2005, specializing in civil litigation, contractual disputes and providing general counsel and advice to small businesses and individuals. Ms. Carter has served as a partner at the law firm of Stefani Carter & Associates, LLC since 2011. In addition, Ms. Carter has served as an elected representative of Texas House District 102 in the Texas House of Representatives since 2011 and has served as a member on several House committees, including the Committee on Appropriations, the Energy Resources Committee and the Select Committee on Criminal Procedure Reform. Ms. Carter has also served as a member and then Vice-Chair of the House Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence. From 2008 to 2011, Ms. Carter was employed as an associate attorney at the law firm of Sayles Werbner and from 2007 to 2008 was a prosecutor in the Collin County District Attorneys Office. Prior to joining the Collin County District Attorneys Office, Ms. Carter was an associate at Vinson & Elkins from 2005 to 2007. Ms. Carter has a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School, a Masters in Public Policy from Harvard Universitys John F. Kennedy School of Government and a Bachelor of Arts in Government and a Bachelor of Journalism in News/Public Affairs from The University of Texas at Austin.
Ms. Carter brings her extensive legal experience in advising and counseling clients in civil litigation and contractual disputes, as well as her many experiences as an elected official, to our board of directors.
Curtis B. McWilliams is a member of our board of directors. He was appointed to our board on November 5, 2013. Mr. McWilliams retired from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of CNL Real Estate Advisors, Inc. in 2010 after serving in such role since 2007. CNL Real Estate Advisors, Inc. provides advisory services relating to commercial real estate acquisitions and asset management and structures strategic relationships with U.S. and international real estate owners and operators for investments in commercial properties across a wide variety of sectors. From 1997 to 2007, Mr. McWilliams also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer, as well as serving as a director from 2005 to 2007, of Trustreet Properties, Inc., which
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under his leadership became the then-largest publicly-traded restaurant REIT with over $3.0 billion in assets. Mr. McWilliams has approximately 13 years of experience with REITs and, during his career at CNL Real Estate Advisors, Inc., helped launch and then served as the President of two REIT joint ventures between CNL and Macquarie Capital and the external advisor for both such REITs. Mr. McWilliams previously served on the board of directors and as the audit committee chairman of CNL Bank, a state bank in the State of Florida, from 1999 to 2004. Mr. McWilliams also has approximately 13 years of investment banking experience at Merrill Lynch & Co., where he started as an associate and later served for several years as a Managing Director. Mr. McWilliams has a Masters in Business with a Concentration in Finance from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business and a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University.
Mr. McWilliams brings his business and management experience gained while serving as president and chief executive officer of two different companies, including one NYSE-listed REIT, as well as his investment banking experience and his experience as a public company director and audit committee chairman, to our board of directors.
W. Michael Murphy is a member of our board of directors. He was appointed to our board on November 5, 2013. Mr. Murphy served on the board of directors of Ashford Trust from August 2003 until the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013. Mr. Murphy also serves as Head of Lodging and Leisure Capital Markets of the First Fidelity Mortgage Corporation and as a director of American Hotel Investment Properties REIT LP, listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol HOT.UN. From 1998 to 2002 Mr. Murphy served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer of ResortQuest International, Inc., a public, NYSE-listed company. Prior to joining ResortQuest, from 1995 to 1997, he was President of Footprints International, a company involved in the planning and development of environmentally friendly hotel properties. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Murphy was a Senior Managing Director of Geller & Co., a Chicago-based hotel advisory and asset management firm. Prior to that, Mr. Murphy was a partner in the investment firm of Metric Partners where he was responsible for all hospitality related real estate matters including acquisitions, sales and the companys investment banking platform. Mr. Murphy served in various development roles at Holiday Inns, Inc. from 1973 to 1980. Mr. Murphy has been Co-Chairman of the Industry Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC) three times and currently serves on the board of the Atlanta Hospitality Alliance. Mr. Murphy is a member of the Hotel Development Council of the Urban Land Institute.
Mr. Murphy brings over 35 years of hospitality experience to our board of directors. During his career at Holiday Inns, Inc. and Metric Partners, Mr. Murphy negotiated the acquisition of over fifty hotels, joint ventures and hotel management contracts. At Geller & Co. he served as asset manager for institutional owners of hotels, and at ResortQuest he led the acquisition of the companys portfolio of rental management operations. Mr. Murphy has extensive contacts in the hospitality industry and in the commercial real estate lending community that will be beneficial in his service on our board of directors.
Matthew D. Rinaldi is a member of our board of directors. He was appointed to our board on November 5, 2013. Mr. Rinaldi is a licensed attorney whose practice has focused on representing businesses in a broad range of complex commercial litigation and appellate matters, including securities class action lawsuits, director and officer liability, real estate, antitrust, insurance and intellectual property litigation. Mr. Rinaldi has served as counsel with the law firm of Miller, Egan, Molter & Nelson, LLP from 2009 to November 22, 2013, and has been practicing law as a solo practitioner since November 22, 2013. Prior to joining Miller, Egan, Molter & Nelson, LLP, Mr. Rinaldi was an associate attorney at the law firm of K&L Gates LLP from 2006 to 2009 and an associate attorney at the law firm of Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, LLP from 2001 to 2006, where he defended corporate officers and accounting firms in securities class action lawsuits and assisted with SEC compliance issues. Mr. Rinaldi has extensive experience in federal, state and appellate courts and has represented and counseled a broad spectrum of clients, including Fortune 500 companies, Big Four accounting firms and insurance companies, as well as small businesses and individuals. Mr. Rinaldi has a Juris Doctor, cum laude, from Boston University and a Bachelor of Business Administration in Economics, cum laude, from James Madison University.
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Mr. Rinaldi brings his extensive legal experience advising and counseling corporate officers of public companies and independent auditors in matters involving SEC compliance, director and officer liability and suits brought by shareholders and bondholders, as well as his experience in real estate, employment, insurance and intellectual property-related legal matters, to our board of directors.
Andrew L. Strong is a member of our board of directors. He was appointed to our board on November 5, 2013. Since 2011, Mr. Strong has served as the founding President and Chief Executive Officer of Kalon Biotherapeutics, LLC, a biotechnology company owned by the State of Texas through the Texas A&M University System and the Texas Emerging Technology Fund, which primarily manufactures vaccines and biologics for cancer therapies and infectious diseases. From 2009 to 2011, Mr. Strong served as the General Counsel and System Compliance Officer for the Texas A&M University System where he served as the chief legal counsel to the Texas A&M University System and the Board of Regents and was responsible for all legal matters including business and real estate transactions, treasury and bond issuances, litigation and governance. From 2005 to 2009, Mr. Strong served as a partner and section head for the Environmental, Land Use and Natural Resources section for the Houston office of the law firm of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, LLP, where he was involved in shareholder litigation, real estate transactions, business mergers and acquisitions, and regulatory compliance. From 1994 to 2005, Mr. Strong served as a founding partner, including serving as managing partner from 1999 to 2005, at the law firm of Campbell George & Strong, LLP, which specialized in real estate, natural resource and environmental law. Mr. Strong has a Juris Doctor from South Texas College of Law and a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Texas A&M University.
Mr. Strong brings his extensive business and management experience as the founding President and Chief Executive Officer of Kalon Biotherapeutics, LLC, including his experience raising seed funding and follow-on capital for the company, in addition to his extensive legal experience as General Counsel and System Compliance Officer for the Texas A&M University System and as a partner at two law firms, to our board of directors.
Corporate GovernanceBoard of Directors and Committees
Our business is managed by Ashford Advisor, subject to the oversight and direction of our board of directors, which has established investment guidelines for Ashford Advisor to follow in its day to day management of our business. A majority of our board of directors are independent, with independence being defined in the manner established by our board of directors and in a manner consistent with listing standards established by the NYSE.
Upon completion of the spin-off, our board established an audit committee, a compensation committee and nominating/corporate governance committee and adopted written charters for each of these committees. Each of these committees is composed exclusively of independent directors, as defined by the listing standards of the NYSE. Moreover, the compensation committee is composed exclusively of individuals who are, to the extent provided by Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, non-employee directors and will, at such times as we are subject to Section 162(m) of the Code, qualify as outside directors for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code.
Lead Independent Director
Pursuant to our corporate governance guidelines, because Mr. Monty J. Bennett serves as both the chairman of the board and our chief executive officer, our board of directors has appointed Mr. Curtis B. McWilliams to serve as the lead independent director for a one-year term. The lead director presides at all meetings of the non-employee directors and is responsible for advising the chief executive officer of decisions reached and suggestions made at these meetings. The lead director has the following duties and responsibilities:
| preside at all meetings of the board at which the chairman is not present and all executive sessions of the independent or non-employee directors; |
| advise the chairman and chief executive officer of decisions reached and suggestions made at meetings of independent directors/non-employee directors; |
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| serve as liaison between the chairman and the independent directors; |
| approve information sent to the board; |
| approve meeting agendas for the board; |
| approve meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for discussion of all agenda items; |
| authorize the retention of outside advisors and consultants who report directly to the board of directors; |
| authorize the calling of meetings of the independent directors; and |
| if requested by major stockholders, being available for consultation and direct communication. |
Audit Committee
Our audit committee is composed of three independent directors, Ms. Stefani D. Carter and Messrs. Curtis B. McWilliams and W. Michael Murphy. Mr. Murphy serves as the chairperson of the audit committee and, along with Mr. McWilliams, satisfies the financial expert requirements set forth by the SEC. Each of the audit committee members is financially literate under the rules of the NYSE. The audit committee assists the board in overseeing (i) our accounting and financial reporting processes; (ii) the integrity and audits of our financial statements; (iii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) the qualifications and independence of our independent auditors; and (v) the performance of our internal and independent auditors. The audit committee also:
| has sole authority to appoint or replace our independent auditors; |
| has sole authority to approve in advance all audit and non-audit engagement fees, scope and terms with our independent auditors; |
| monitors compliance of our employees with our standards of business conduct and conflict of interest policies; and |
| meets at least quarterly with our senior executive officers, internal audit staff and our independent auditors in separate executive sessions. |
The specific functions and responsibilities of the audit committee are set forth in the audit committee charter.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee is composed of three independent directors, Messrs. W. Michael Murphy, Matthew D. Rinaldi and Andrew L. Strong. Mr. Rinaldi serves as the chairperson of the compensation committee. The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:
| evaluate the performance of our officers; |
| review and approve the officer compensation plans, policies and programs; |
| evaluate the performance of Ashford Advisor; |
| review the compensation and fees payable to Ashford Advisor under the advisory agreement; |
| prepare compensation committee reports; and |
| administer the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan. |
The committee has the authority to retain and terminate any compensation consultant to be used to assist in the evaluation of officer compensation.
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Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee
Our nominating/corporate governance committee is composed of two independent directors, Ms. Stefani D. Carter and Mr. Andrew L. Strong. Ms. Carter serves as the chairperson of the nominating/corporate governance committee. The nominating/corporate governance committee is responsible for seeking, considering and recommending to the board qualified candidates for election as directors and recommending a slate of nominees for election as directors at our annual meetings of stockholders. The nominating/corporate governance committee also periodically prepares and submits to the board for adoption the committees selection criteria for director nominees. It reviews and makes recommendations on matters involving general operation of the board and our corporate governance and annually recommends to the board nominees for each committee of the board. In addition, the committee annually facilitates the assessment of the board of directors performance as a whole and of the individual directors and reports thereon to the board. The committee has the sole authority to retain and terminate any search firm to be used to identify director candidates.
Stockholders wishing to recommend director candidates for consideration by the committee can do so by writing to our secretary at our corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas, giving the candidates name, biographical data and qualifications. The secretary will, in turn, deliver any stockholder recommendations for director candidates prepared in accordance with our bylaws to the nominating/corporate governance committee. Any such recommendation must be accompanied by a written statement from the individual of his or her consent to be named as a candidate and, if nominated and elected, to serve as director.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The members of the compensation committee of the board of directors are independent directors. None of these directors, or any of our executive officers, serve as a member of a board of directors or any compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board.
Director Compensation
Each of our non-employee directors is paid an annual base retainer of $55,000. The lead director is paid an additional annual retainer of $25,000, the chairman of our audit committee is paid an additional annual retainer of $25,000, each member of our audit committee other than the chairman is paid an additional annual retainer of $5,000, the chairman of our compensation committee is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000 and the chairman of our nominating/corporate governance committee is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000. Each director is also paid of fee of $2,000 for each board or committee meeting that he or she attends, except that the chairman of each committee is paid a fee of $3,000 for each committee meeting that he or she attends. Each non-employee director is also paid a fee of $500 for each board or committee meeting that he or she attends via teleconference. Officers receive no additional compensation for serving on the board. In addition, we will reimburse all directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their services on the board of directors.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, our directors received a pro-rated portion of the fees described above for their service beginning upon the completion of our spin-off on November 19, 2013. In addition, as an inducement to the directors to agree to serve on our board, upon the completion of the spin-off, each of our non-employee directors received restricted stock grants of 3,200 shares of our common stock, which shares vested in full upon grant.
On the date of the first meeting of the board of directors following each annual meeting of stockholders at which a non-employee director is initially elected or re-elected to our board of directors, we anticipate that each non-employee director will receive additional stock grants of 3,200 shares of our common stock. We anticipate that these stock grants will be issued under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and will be fully vested immediately.
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Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers:
Monty J. Bennett |
48 | Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Douglas A. Kessler |
53 | President | ||||
David A. Brooks |
54 | Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and Secretary | ||||
David J. Kimichik |
53 | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||||
Jeremy Welter |
36 | Executive Vice President, Asset Management | ||||
Mark L. Nunneley |
56 | Chief Accounting Officer |
Biographical Information of Executive Officers
The biographies for Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Douglas A. Kessler, our President, are located in the section Biographical Information of Directors above.
David A. Brooks has served as our Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and Secretary since April 2013. He has served in that capacity for Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013 and for Ashford Trust since January 2009. Prior to assuming the role of Chief Operating Officer of Ashford Trust, he served as Chief Legal Officer, Head of Transactions and Secretary from August 2003 to January 2009. Prior to that, he served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel for Remington Hotel Corporation and Ashford Financial Corporation, an affiliate of Ashford Trust, from January 1992 until August 2003, where he co-led the formation of numerous investment partnerships, negotiated and closed approximately $1 billion in asset acquisitions and asset managed nearly $750 million dollars in non-performing hospitality loans. Prior to joining Remington Hotel Corporation, Mr. Brooks served as a partner with the law firm of Sheinfeld, Maley & Kay.
Mr. Brooks earned his Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from the University of North Texas in 1981, his Juris Doctor from the University of Houston Law Center in 1984 and became licensed as a CPA in the State of Texas in 1984 (currently non-practicing status).
David J. Kimichik has served as our Chief Financial Officer since April 2013. Mr. Kimichik has served as Chief Financial Officer for Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013 and as Chief Financial Officer of Ashford Trust since its inception in May 2003. In addition to his duties as Chief Financial Officer of Ashford Trust, he has held the position of Director of Asset Management at Ashford Trust where he was responsible for leading a team of asset managers in the daily supervision of Ashford Trusts hotels and Ashford Trusts annual capital improvement activities. Mr. Kimichik has been associated with the principals of Ashford Trust and its predecessor for the past 30 years and was President of Ashford Financial Corporation from 1992 until August 2003. Mr. Kimichik previously served as Executive Vice President of Mariner Hotel Corporation, in which capacity he administered all corporate activities, including business development, financial management and operations. Mariner Hotel Corporation was a hotel developer and owner and at one time was Marriott Corporations largest Franchisee.
Mr. Kimichik holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University.
Jeremy J. Welter has served as our Executive Vice President, Asset Management since April 2013. Mr. Welter has also served in that capacity for Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013, has been employed by Ashford Trust since January 2011 and has served as Executive Vice President, Asset Management for Ashford Trust since March 2011 where he oversees a $4 billion portfolio of 122 hotels. From August 2005 until December 2010, Mr. Welter was employed by Remington Hotels, LP in various capacities, most recently serving as chief financial officer. He is a current member of Marriotts Owner Advisory Council. From July 2000 through July 2005, Mr. Welter was an investment banker at Stephens, where he worked on mergers and
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acquisitions, public and private equity and debt, capital raises, company valuations, fairness opinions and recapitalizations. Before working at Stephens, Mr. Welter was part of Bank of Americas Global Corporate Investment Banking group. Mr. Welter is a speaker and panelist for various lodging investment and development conferences, including the NYU Lodging Conference.
Mr. Welter earned his Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in Economics from Oklahoma State University, where he served as student body president and graduated Summa Cum Laude.
Mark L. Nunneley has served as our Chief Accounting Officer since April 2013. Mr. Nunneley has also served as Chief Accounting Officer of Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013. He has served as the Chief Accounting Officer of Ashford Trust since May 2003. From 1992 until 2003, Mr. Nunneley served as Chief Financial Officer of Remington Hotel Corporation. He previously served as a tax consultant at Arthur Andersen & Company and as a tax manager at Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Nunneley is a certified public accountant (CPA) in the State of Texas and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Texas Society of CPAs and Dallas Chapter of CPAs.
Mr. Nunneley holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from Pepperdine University and a Master of Science in Accounting from the University of Houston.
Deric S. Eubanks has served as our Senior Vice President-Finance since April 2013. Mr. Eubanks has also served as Senior Vice President-Finance for Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013. He has served as the Senior Vice President-Finance at Ashford Trust since September 2011. Mr. Eubanks is responsible for assisting our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer with all corporate finance and financial reporting initiatives and capital market activities including equity raises, debt financings, and loan modifications. He also oversees Investor Relations and is responsible for overseeing and executing our hedging strategies. Prior to his role as Senior Vice President-Finance at Ashford Trust, Mr. Eubanks was Vice President of Investments and was responsible for sourcing and underwriting hotel investments including direct equity investments, joint venture equity, preferred equity, mezzanine loans, first mortgages, B-notes, construction loans, and other debt securities for Ashford Trust. Mr. Eubanks has been with Ashford Trust since its initial public offering in August of 2003. Mr. Eubanks has written several articles for industry publications and is a frequent speaker at industry conferences and industry round tables. Before joining Ashford Trust, Mr. Eubanks was a Manager of Financial Analysis for ClubCorp, where he assisted in underwriting and analyzing investment opportunities in the golf and resort industries.
Mr. Eubanks earned a BBA from Southern Methodist University and is a CFA charter holder. He is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Dallas-Fort Worth.
J. Robison Hays III has served as our Senior Vice President-Corporate Finance and Strategy since April 2013. Mr. Hays has also served as the Senior Vice President-Corporate Finance and Strategy for Ashford Advisor since November 19, 2013. He has also served as Senior Vice President-Corporate Finance and Strategy for Ashford Trust since 2010 and has been with Ashford Trust since April 2005. Mr. Hays is responsible for the formation and execution of our strategic initiatives, working closely with our Chief Executive Officer. He also oversees all financial analysis as it relates to the corporate model, including acquisitions, divestitures, refinancings, hedging, capital market transactions and major capital outlays. Prior to 2013, in addition to his other responsibilities, Mr. Hays was in charge of Ashford Trusts investor relations group. Mr. Hays has been a frequent speaker at industry and Wall Street investor conferences.
Prior to joining Ashford Trust, Mr. Hays worked in the Corporate Development office of Dresser, Inc., a Dallas-based oil field service & manufacturing company, where he focused on mergers, acquisitions, and strategic direction. Before working at Dresser, Mr. Hays was a member of the Merrill Lynch Global Power & Energy Investment Banking Group based in Texas.
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Executive Compensation
Because our advisory agreement provides that Ashford Advisor is responsible for managing our affairs, our executive officers, who are employees of Ashford Advisor, do not receive cash compensation from us for serving as our officers.
Except for certain equity grants we may make pursuant to our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, Ashford Advisor or one of its affiliates compensates each of our executive officers. We pay Ashford Advisor an advisory fee, the proceeds of which are used in part to pay compensation to its personnel. We have adopted our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan to provide incentive compensation to our officers, our non-employee directors, Ashford Advisors personnel and other service providers to encourage their efforts toward our continued success, long-term growth and profitability and to attract, reward and retain key personnel. See Equity Incentive Plans for detailed description of our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our code of business conduct and ethics applies to our officers and directors and to Ashford Advisors personnel when such individuals are acting for or on our behalf. Among other matters, our code of business conduct and ethics is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
| honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; |
| full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in our public communications; |
| compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; |
| prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons identified in the code; and |
| accountability for adherence to the code. |
Any waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics for our officers or directors may be made only by our board or one of our board committees and will be promptly disclosed if and to the extent required by law or stock exchange regulations.
Equity Incentive Plans
We have adopted two equity incentive plans: the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan. Our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive awards to employees, consultants and non-employee directors of our company, Ashford Advisor or each of their respective affiliates, and our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive awards to Ashford Advisor, including grants made as partial payment of the incentive fee to be paid to Ashford Advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement. The purpose of our equity incentive plans is to encourage the persons subject to such plans and Ashford Advisor to (i) to acquire or increase their equity interests in our company to give an added incentive to work toward its growth and success, and (ii) to allow us to compete for services of the persons needed for the growth and success of our company and for the continued services of Ashford Advisor. The total number of shares that may be made subject to awards under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan is equal to 850,000 shares, which is the equivalent of approximately 5.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately following the spin-off. The total number of shares that may be made subject to awards under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan is equal to 1,600,000 shares, which is the equivalent of approximately 10.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately following the spin-off. Both of our equity incentive plans will be administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors.
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Material Terms of Our Equity Incentive Plans. Our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes (i) the purchase of common stock for cash at a purchase price to be decided by the compensation committee, but not more than the fair market value per share of such common stock purchased on the date of such purchase, and (ii) the grant of:
| nonqualified stock options to purchase common stock; |
| incentive options to purchase common stock; |
| unrestricted stock; |
| restricted stock; |
| phantom stock; |
| stock appreciation rights; |
| performance awards; and |
| other stock-based awards, including LTIP units in our operating partnership. |
Our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan authorizes (i) the purchase of common stock for cash at a purchase price to be decided by our compensation committee, but not more than the fair market value per share of such common stock purchased on the date of such purchase, and (ii) the grant of:
| unrestricted stock; |
| restricted stock; and |
| other stock-based awards, including LTIP units in our operating partnership. |
Shares Subject to Our Equity Incentive Plans . We have reserved 850,000 shares of common stock for issuance under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, which is the equivalent of approximately 5.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately following the spin-off. We have reserved 1,600,000 shares of common stock for issuance under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan, which is the equivalent of approximately 10.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately following the spin-off. In the event the outstanding shares of common stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the company by reason of a merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares or the like, the aggregate number and class of securities available under our equity incentive plans will be ratably adjusted. In the event the number of shares to be delivered upon the exercise or payment of any award granted under the equity incentive plans is reduced for any reason whatsoever, including any optional forfeitures for the payment of taxes, or in the event any award granted under our equity incentive plans can no longer under any circumstances be exercised or paid, the number of shares no longer subject to such award will be released from such award and be available under the equity incentive plans for the grant of additional awards.
Eligibility. Under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, we may grant awards to the employees, consultants and non-employee directors of our company, Ashford Advisor or their affiliates. While we may grant incentive stock options only to employees of the company or its affiliates, we may grant nonqualified stock options, bonus stock, stock appreciation rights, stock awards and performance awards to any eligible participant. We have no employees, six executive officers, two non-executive officers and five non-employee directors, and Ashford Advisor has a total of approximately 82 employees, all of whom are eligible to participate in the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. Under the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan, we may grant bonus stock and stock awards to Ashford Advisor.
Administration. Our equity incentive plans are administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors. With respect to any grant or award to any individual covered by Section 162(m) of the Code which is
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intended to be performance-based compensation, the compensation committee will consist solely of two or more members of our board of directors, each of whom qualifies as an outside director as described in such Section 162(m) of the Code and a non-employee director within the meaning of Section 16b-3 under the Exchange Act.
The compensation committee selects the participants who are granted any award, and employees, consultants and non-employee directors of our company, Ashford Advisor or each of their respective affiliates are eligible to receive awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, except that only employees of our company are eligible to receive an award of an incentive stock option and only employees, consultants and non-employee directors of our company are eligible to receive an award of a nonqualified stock option or stock appreciation right.
The compensation committee may condition any award upon the achievement of any one or more performance goals established solely on the basis of one or more of the following business criteria:
| operating income; |
| return on net assets; |
| return on assets; |
| return on investment; |
| return on equity; |
| pretax earnings; |
| pretax earnings before interest, depreciation, and amortization; |
| pretax operating earnings after interest expense and before incentives, service fees, and extraordinary or special items; |
| total stockholder return; |
| earnings per share; |
| increase in revenues; |
| increase in cash flow; |
| increase in cash flow return; |
| economic value added; |
| gross margin; |
| net income; |
| debt reduction; or |
| any of the above goals determined on an absolute or relative basis or as compared to the performance of a published or special peer index. |
The performance goals may be measured before or after taking taxes, interest, depreciation, amortization, extraordinary expenses, and/or pension-related expense or income into consideration, will exclude unusual or infrequently occurring items, charges for restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting treatment and other items, and will be determined in accordance with GAAP (to the extent applicable).
The 2013 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of (i) options intended to qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code and (ii) options that are not intended to so qualify. The principal difference between incentive stock options and other options is that a participant generally will not recognize ordinary income at the time an incentive stock option is granted or exercised, but rather at the time the participant
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disposes of the shares acquired under the incentive stock option. In contrast, the exercise of an option that is not an incentive stock option generally is a taxable event that requires the participant to recognize ordinary income equal to the difference between the shares fair market value and the option price. The employer will not be entitled to a federal income tax deduction with respect to incentive stock options except in the case of certain dispositions of shares acquired under the options. The employer may claim a federal income tax deduction on account of the exercise of an option that is not an incentive stock option equal to the amount of ordinary income recognized by the participant. Options may be exercised in accordance with requirements set by the compensation committee. The maximum period in which an option may be exercised will be fixed by the compensation committee but cannot exceed 10 years. Options generally will be nontransferable except in the event of the participants death, but the compensation committee may allow the transfer of options to members of the participants immediate family, a family trust or a family partnership.
Consistent with the terms of the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, the compensation committee prescribes the terms of each award of any incentive stock option. No participant may be granted incentive stock options that are first exercisable in a calendar year for shares of common stock having a total fair market value (determined as of the option grant), exceeding $100,000. The exercise price for each incentive stock option cannot be less than each such option shares fair market value on the date the incentive stock option is granted; provided that a grant of an incentive stock option to any employee who is a ten percent (10%) stockholder will have an exercise price of not less than 110% of such incentive stock option shares fair market value on the date the incentive stock option is granted. No reload stock option (the right to receive a new option to purchase a share upon the exercise and payment of the exercise price for the original option) may be granted with respect to any incentive stock option. Incentive options must be exercised within three months after the optionee ceases to be an employee for any reason other than death or disability and within one year in the event of death or disability.
Consistent with the terms of the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, the compensation committee prescribes the terms of each award of a nonqualified option. The option price for each nonqualified option cannot be less than each such option shares fair market value on the date the nonqualified option is granted. The option price may be paid in cash, by surrendering common stock or through a cashless brokerage exercise.
The Advisor Equity Incentive Plan provides that, unless otherwise agreed to by Ashford Advisor, any awards granted to Ashford Advisor as partial payment of the incentive fee pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement will be in the form of bonus stock, which will be fully vested upon grant.
Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, all grants of restricted stock will be subject to vesting, meaning that we will have the right to repurchase the stock for the amount paid, if any, by the participant. Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, this repurchase right will lapse (i.e., the shares will vest) with respect to one-third of the restricted stock on the first anniversary of the date of grant and on each of the following two anniversaries of the date of grant, provided (i) the participant remains in our service, the service of Ashford Advisor or the service of an affiliate of the company, as applicable, or as an employee, consultant or non-employee director, or (ii) if the participant is Ashford Advisor, under the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan, the participant remains Ashford Advisor. Our compensation committee has the authority to shorten or lengthen the typical three-year vesting period. Any unvested shares will vest if we, Ashford Advisor, one of our affiliates or Ashford Advisors affiliates terminate the participants service without cause, or the participant terminates his or her service to us, Ashford Advisor, one of our affiliates or Ashford Advisors affiliates for good reason. In addition, any unvested shares will vest if the participants service is terminated for any reason within one year after a change in control or due to death or disability of the participant.
A stock appreciation right will be exercisable at such times and subject to such conditions as may be established by the compensation committee. The amount payable upon the exercise of a stock appreciation right may be settled in cash, by the issuance of common stock or a combination of cash and common stock. The initial or base value of a stock appreciation right cannot be less than the fair market value of the stock appreciation right on the grant date.
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Consistent with the terms of our equity incentive plans, the compensation committee will establish the terms of awards to be granted under such plans. These awards may also be subject to vesting requirements as determined by the compensation committee, which may include completion of a period of service or attainment of performance objectives. Certain awards may also vest upon termination without cause or termination by the participant with good reason, termination in connection with a change in control, death, disability or such other events as the compensation committee shall determine.
Prohibition on Repricing . The compensation committee does not have the right to reprice, replace, regrant through a cancellation or otherwise modify or make a cash payment with respect to any outstanding share option or share appreciation right without first obtaining stockholder approval.
Amendment; Duration, Termination . The board of directors may amend or terminate our equity incentive plans at any time, but such amendment will not become effective without the approval of our stockholders if it increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the equity incentive plans (other than changes to reflect certain corporate transactions and changes in capitalization) or otherwise materially revises the terms of the equity incentive plans. No amendment or termination of the equity incentive plans will affect a participants rights under outstanding awards without the participants consent. If not sooner terminated as described above, the equity incentive plans will terminate on the tenth anniversary of the date of approval by our stockholders, and no new awards may be granted after the termination date. Awards made before the termination of our equity incentive plans will continue in accordance with their terms.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Agreements
We entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors that obligate us to indemnify them and advance expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. These indemnification agreements provide that:
| if a director or executive officer is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of such directors or executive officers status as a director, officer or employee of our company, we must indemnify such director or executive officer for all reasonable expenses and liabilities actually incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, unless it has been established that: |
| the act or omission of the director or executive officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the director or executive officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, the director or executive officer had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful; |
provided, however, that we will (i) have no obligation to indemnify such director or executive officer for a proceeding by or in the right of our company if it has been adjudged that such director or executive officer is liable to us with respect to such proceeding and (ii) have no obligation to indemnify or advance expenses of such director or executive officer for a proceeding brought by such director or executive officer against the company, except for a proceeding brought to enforce indemnification under Section 2-418 of the MGCL or as otherwise provided by our bylaws, our charter, a resolution of the board of directors or an agreement approved by the board of directors. Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer in a suit by or in the right of the corporation in which the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received.
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Upon application of a director or executive officer of our company to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the court may order indemnification of such director or executive officer if:
| the court determines that such director or executive officer is entitled to indemnification under Section 2-418(d)(1) of the MGCL, in which case the director or executive officer shall be entitled to recover from us the expenses of securing such indemnification; or |
| the court determines that such director or executive officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, whether or not the director or executive officer has met the standards of conduct set forth in Section 2-418(b) of the MGCL or has been adjudged liable for receipt of an improper personal benefit under Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL; provided, however, that our indemnification obligations to such director or executive officer will be limited to the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, in connection with any proceeding by or in the right of our company or in which the officer or director shall have been adjudged liable for receipt of an improper personal benefit under Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL. |
Notwithstanding, and without limiting any other provisions of the indemnification agreements, if a director or executive officer is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of such directors or executive officers status as our director, officer or employee, and such director or executive officer is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such proceeding, we must indemnify such director or executive officer for all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter, including any claim, issue or matter in such a proceeding that is terminated by dismissal, with or without prejudice.
We must pay all indemnifiable expenses in advance of the final disposition of any proceeding if the director or executive officer furnishes us with a written affirmation of the directors or executive officers good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse us if a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the director or executive officer is not entitled to indemnification. In addition, with respect to any director, we will be the indemnitor of first resort to the extent that such director simultaneously is entitled to indemnification from Ashford Trust with respect to any of the same matters for which we are obligated to provide indemnification pursuant to the applicable indemnification agreement.
In addition to the indemnification agreements, our charter and bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (1) any of our present or former directors or officers who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (2) any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, REIT, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, REIT, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS
Our Relationship with Ashford Trust and Ashford Advisor
Until the completion of the spin-off on November 19, 2013, we were a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, an NYSE-listed REIT. Ashford Trust created us to concentrate its ownership of certain of its higher RevPAR hotels in gateway markets. The following chart summarizes the key similarities and distinctions between us and Ashford Trust:
Ashford Prime |
Ashford Trust |
|||
Investment Focus |
Full-service and select-service hotels anticipated to generate RevPAR at least twice the national average. | All segments of the hospitality industry, with RevPAR criteria outside the Ashford Prime investment focus. | ||
Investment Type |
Direct hotel investments and joint ventures. | Direct hotel investments, joint ventures and debt. | ||
Geography |
Domestic and international gateway markets and select resort locations. | National focus, including primary, secondary and tertiary markets. | ||
Chain Scale |
Upscale, upper-upscale and luxury. | Various chain scale segments. | ||
Mix of Service |
Full-service and select-service in urban markets. | Full-service and select-service. | ||
Capital Structure/Leverage Policy |
Conservative. Target < 5.0x net debt and preferred equity to EBITDA. | Opportunistic. Strategic use of debt designed to maximize returns. | ||
Brand Strategy |
Premium brands and high quality independent hotels. | Premium brands and high quality independent hotels. | ||
Management |
Ashford Advisor | Ashford Advisor |
Because of our unique relationship with Ashford Trust, we may be able to pursue attractive portfolio opportunities jointly, giving us a distinct advantage when only portions of the portfolio satisfy our investment focus.
Prior to the spin-off, Ashford Trust owned approximately 80.9% of the outstanding common units of Ashford Trust OP, with the remaining approximately 19.1% of the common units of Ashford Trust OP being owned by other limited partners, including officers and directors of Ashford Trust. Upon the completion of the spin-off, Ashford Prime OP distributed common units such that Ashford Trust OP owns 20% of Ashford Prime OPs common units. The remaining 80% of Ashford Prime OPs common units are owned by Ashford Prime and other limited partners, including certain of our officers and directors and certain officers and directors of Ashford Trust, in the same relative proportions that Ashford Trust and such other limited partners owned common units in Ashford Trust OP prior to the spin-off. Additionally, in connection with the spin-off, Ashford Trust distributed 100% of the common stock of our company to its stockholders.
Beginning one year from the issuance date, the common units in our operating partnership will be redeemable by the holder for cash or, at our option, into shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Accordingly, as of December 18, 2013, Ashford Trust OPs initial ownership interest in our operating partnership represents a 20% ownership interest in our outstanding common stock, on a fully-diluted basis, assuming all common units are redeemed and we elect to issue shares of our common stock in lieu of paying the redemption price. We own approximately 64.7% of the common units in our operating partnership, meaning investors who received shares of our common stock in the distribution own approximately 64.7% of our outstanding common
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stock on a fully diluted basis. Ashford Trust OPs 20% retained beneficial interest in our company is in the form of common units, which generally do not convey voting power with respect to matters voted on by our stockholders.
We do not have any employees. All of the services which might be provided by employees will be provided to us pursuant to an advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor. The officers and employees of Ashford Advisor also are responsible for the internal management of Ashford Trust.
Spin-Off from Ashford Trust
We entered into a separation and distribution agreement with Ashford Trust, Ashford Trust OP, Ashford TRS, on the one hand, and us, Ashford Prime OP and Ashford Prime TRS, on the other hand, to effect our separation from Ashford Trust and provide a framework for the relationship of the parties after the separation. The separation and distribution agreement governs the relationship between the parties thereto subsequent to the completion of the separation plan and provides for the allocation between us and Ashford Trust of Ashford Trusts assets, liabilities and obligations (including tax-related assets and liabilities) attributable to periods prior to the separation of Ashford Prime from Ashford Trust. It also sets forth other agreements that govern certain aspects of our relationship with Ashford Trust after the completion of the separation plan. For purposes of the separation and distribution agreement: (i) the Ashford Prime Group means Ashford Prime and its subsidiaries and (ii) the Ashford Trust Group means Ashford Trust and its subsidiaries other than the Ashford Prime Group. The Ashford Prime Group and the Ashford Trust Group, together, are sometimes referred to herein as the Groups, and each a Group.
Transfer and Contribution of Assets and Assumption of Liabilities. Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, Ashford Trust contributed to us all of the equity interests in the entities owning the initial hotel properties, and Ashford TRS transferred to Ashford Prime TRS all of the equity interests it held in various taxable REIT subsidiaries that leased six of the eight initial hotel properties. Additionally, we, along with Ashford Prime OP, assumed the obligations of Ashford Trust and Ashford Trust OP, respectively, arising under any and all guarantees in favor of lenders, managers or franchisors, relating to any debt or other contractual obligations of the entities owning the initial hotel properties or their respective subsidiaries. Except as otherwise provided in the separation and distribution agreement, the parties each retained all of their respective other assets and liabilities.
Except as expressly set forth in the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement thereto, all assets were transferred on an as is, where is basis without representation or warranty.
Certain of the liabilities and obligations assumed by one party or for which one party has an indemnification obligation under the separation and distribution agreement continue to be the legal or contractual liabilities or obligations of another party. Each such party that continues to be subject to such legal or contractual liability or obligation will rely on the applicable party that assumed the liability or obligation or the applicable party that undertook an indemnification obligation with respect to the liability or obligation, as applicable, under the separation and distribution agreement, to satisfy the performance and payment obligations or indemnification obligations with respect to such legal or contractual liability or obligation.
The Distribution. We distributed to Ashford Trust, as consideration for the contribution of assets, the number of shares of our common stock distributable in the distribution to effectuate the separation. In addition, Ashford Trust distributed to Ashford Trust stockholders that hold shares of Ashford Trust common stock as of the applicable record date all the shares of common stock of our company.
Releases and Indemnification Except as expressly provided for in the transfer of liabilities, the separation and distribution agreement provides that we, Ashford Prime OP and Ashford Prime TRS, on the one hand, and Ashford Trust, Ashford Trust OP and Ashford TRS, on the other hand, generally release the members of the other parties respective Group from all liabilities existing or arising from acts or events occurring or failing to occur or alleged to have occurred or to have failed to occur or any conditions existing or alleged to have existed prior to or on the effective date of the distribution.
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In addition, the separation and distribution agreement provides that, except as otherwise provided for in other documents related to the separation, we will indemnify each member of the Ashford Trust Group and its affiliates (other than members of Ashford Prime Group) and each of their respective current or former directors, officers, agents and employees and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns against losses arising from:
| any of our liabilities, including the failure of any member of the Ashford Prime Group or any other person to pay, perform or otherwise promptly discharge any of our liabilities in accordance with their respective terms; |
| any breach by any member of the Ashford Prime Group of any provision of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement thereto, subject to any limitations of liability provisions and other provisions applicable to any such breach set forth therein; and |
| (i) the guaranty by Ashford Trust OP or Ashford Trust of any debt secured by any of the initial hotel properties, or any portion thereof, that continues after the distribution is completed or (ii) any guaranty of any management agreement or franchise matters related to any of the initial hotel properties that continues after the distribution is completed, and such indemnification obligation shall extend until all debt or management or franchise obligations associated with the continuing guarantees has been paid in full or Ashford Trust OP or Ashford Trust, as applicable, has been released from all such guarantees; |
Ashford Trust will indemnify us and our affiliates and representatives against losses arising from:
| any of Ashford Trusts liabilities, including the failure of any member of the Ashford Trust Group or any other person to pay, perform or otherwise promptly discharge any of such liabilities in accordance with their respective terms; |
| any member of the Ashford Trust Group of any provision of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement thereto, subject to any limitations of liability provisions and other provisions applicable to any such breach set forth therein; and |
| (i) all taxes of the entities that directly or indirectly, wholly or jointly, own the initial hotel properties and certain taxable REIT subsidiaries and their respective subsidiaries for all tax periods ending on or before the effective date of the distribution, (ii) with respect to any tax period including but not ending on the effective date of the distribution, all taxes of such entities attributable to the portion of such tax period that ends on and includes the effective date of the distribution, and (iii) all taxes of any person imposed on such entities as a transferee or successor, by contract or pursuant to any law (including, but not limited to, Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 and V.T.C.A., Tax Code, Chapter 171) with respect to obligations or relationships existing on or prior to the effective date of the distribution or by agreements entered into or transactions entered into on or prior to the effective date of the distribution. |
Indemnification obligations are generally net of any insurance proceeds actually received by the indemnified person. The separation and distribution agreement provides that we and Ashford Prime will waive any right to exemplary, punitive, special, indirect, consequential, remote or speculative damages provided that any such liabilities with respect to third party claims shall be considered direct damages. The separation and distribution agreement also contains customary procedures relating to the receipt of any indemnification payments that may constitute non-qualifying REIT income.
Competition. The advisory agreement and the right of first offer agreement include certain restrictive arrangements with respect to the range of business activities that may be conducted, or investments that may be made, by Ashford Trust and Ashford Prime following the distribution. Each of the parties has agreed that, subject to the terms of the advisory agreement and the right of first offer agreement, the business activities of the Ashford Prime Group and the Ashford Trust Group may overlap or compete with the business of such other entity. Subject to the terms of the advisory agreement, the right of first offer agreement and our investment guidelines, each Group shall have the right to, and shall have no duty to abstain from exercising such right to,
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(i) engage or invest, directly or indirectly, in the same, similar or related business activities or lines of business as the other Group, (ii) make investments in the same or similar types of investments as the other Group, (iii) do business with any client, customer, vendor or lessor of any of the other Group or (iv) employ or otherwise engage any officer, director or employee of the other Group.
Certain Tax-Related Covenants. If we are treated as a successor to Ashford Trust under applicable U.S. federal income tax rules, and if Ashford Trust fails to qualify as a REIT, we could be prohibited from electing to be a REIT. Accordingly, Ashford Trust has (i) represented that it has no knowledge of any fact or circumstance that would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, (ii) covenanted to use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with us as necessary to enable us to qualify for taxation as a REIT and receive customary legal opinions concerning our qualification and status as a REIT, including by providing information and representations to us and our tax counsel with respect to the composition of Ashford Trusts income and assets, the composition of its stockholders and its organization, operation, and qualification as a REIT; and (iii) covenanted to use its reasonable best efforts to maintain its REIT status for each of its taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2014, unless Ashford Trust obtains an opinion from a nationally recognized tax counsel or a private letter ruling from the IRS, on which Ashford Prime can rely, substantially to the effect that Ashford Trusts failure to maintain its REIT status will not prevent us from making a valid REIT election for any taxable year, or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT for any taxable year, under the successor REIT rule referred to above. Additionally, in the separation and distribution agreement, we covenant to use our reasonable best efforts to qualify for taxation as a REIT for our taxable year ending December 31, 2013.
Insurance. Ashford Trust maintains its currently existing insurance policies related to director and officer liability (the Ashford Trust D&O Policies). We have obtained separate insurance policies on substantially similar terms as the Ashford Trust D&O Policies. We are responsible for all premiums, costs and fees associated with any new insurance policies placed for our benefit, which, for the avoidance of doubt, excludes any premiums, costs and fees associated with any run-off insurance policy obtained by Ashford Trust in connection with the separation.
Tax Indemnity. Ashford Trust contributed to us its indirect ownership in CHH, the parent of the TRS lessees for two of our initial properties, which we have elected to treat as a TRS. In September 2010, the IRS completed an audit of CHH for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. The IRS issued a notice of proposed adjustment that reduced the amount of rent Ashford Trust charged CHH. In connection with the TRS audit, the IRS also selected Ashford Trust for audit for the same tax year. In October 2011, the IRS issued an income tax adjustment to Ashford Trust as an alternative to the TRS proposed adjustment, based on the REIT 100% federal excise tax on Ashford Trusts share of the amount by which the rent was held to be greater than the arms length rate. Ashford Trust and CHH appealed their cases to the IRS Appeals Office. The IRS Appeals Office reviewed the cases in 2012 and in July 2013, issued no-change letters for Ashford Trust and CHH indicating that the 2007 tax returns were accepted as filed and the examinations resulted in no deficiencies. U.S. federal income tax assessment statutes of limitations generally limit the time the IRS has to make assessments to within three years after a return is due or filed, whichever is later. The IRS requested and Ashford Trust agreed to extend the assessment statute of limitations for both Ashford Trust and CHH for the 2007 tax year to March 31, 2014. Accordingly, the IRS has the right to reopen the cases until March 31, 2014.
In June 2012, the IRS completed audits of CHH and Ashford Trust for the tax years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009. With respect to the 2009 tax year, the IRS has not proposed any adjustments to CHH or Ashford Trust. For the 2008 tax year, the IRS has issued notices of proposed adjustments for both Ashford Trust and CHH. The Ashford Trust adjustment is for $3.3 million of U.S. federal excise taxes and represents the amount by which the IRS asserts that the rent charged to the TRS was greater than the arms length rate pursuant to Code Section 482. The CHH adjustment is for $1.6 million of additional income which would equate to approximately $467,000 of additional U.S. federal income taxes and potential state income taxes of $83,000, net of federal benefit. The TRS adjustment represents the IRS imputation of compensation to the TRS for agreeing to be a party to the lessor entitys bank loan agreement. A written protest was filed requesting an IRS Appeals Office
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review. The IRS has granted the Appeals Office review and has assigned the same Appeals team that oversaw the 2007 cases to oversee the 2008 cases. The initial Appeals Office conference for the 2008 cases occurred in August 2013. One or more additional conferences with the Appeals Office will be required to resolve these cases and Ashford Trust anticipates these will occur in 2014. The IRS requested, and Ashford Trust agreed to, extend the assessment statute of limitations for both Ashford Trust and CHH for the 2008 tax year to September 30, 2014.
To the extent the ultimate resolution of the 2008 case results in additional tax owed by CHH, we, through our ownership of CHH, will bear the burden of those additional taxes. Consequently, as part of the spin-off, Ashford Trust agreed to indemnify us and CHH for (i) any expenses incurred in connection with the audit and (ii) any additional taxes, interest or penalty incurred upon resolution of the audits and any tax liability incurred as a result of such indemnity payment. However, if Ashford Trust were to be unable to pay the amounts required under the indemnity for any reason, we, through our ownership of CHH, would bear the burden of the additional taxes, interest and penalties owed by CHH.
Option Agreements
We entered into two option agreements with Ashford Trust pursuant to which we have the option to acquire the Pier House Resort in Key West, Florida and the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington Virginia, subject to limited termination rights exercisable by Ashford Trust. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to exercise our option to acquire the Pier House Resort. See Certain AgreementsOption Agreement.
Right of First Offer Agreement
Pursuant to a right of first offer agreement, we and Ashford Trust have agreed to grant to each other rights of first offer to purchase each others property that satisfies such offerors investment focus in the event that either party desires to sell its property to a non-affiliate third party. See Certain AgreementsRight of First Offer Agreement.
Registration Rights Agreement
We entered into a registration rights agreement with Ashford Trust OP in connection with our issuance to it of shares of common units in connection with the spin-off and Ashford Advisors in connection with an issuance to it of common stock or common units in connection with the future payment of the incentive fee pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement. See Shares Eligible for Future SaleRegistration Rights.
Our Relationship and Agreements with Remington
Remington currently performs all of the project management functions related to our initial hotels, and we intend to continue to utilize Remington for such services. Remington will manage the Pier House Resort if we exercise our option to acquire that hotel. Remington provides these services to us pursuant to the terms set forth in the master management agreement that we entered in connection with the spin-off. Additionally, Remington may, in the future, provide us with property management, project management and certain development services pursuant to the terms outlined in the mutual exclusivity agreement (as described below). Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and the chairman of our board of directors, and his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. own 100% of Remington. Accordingly, they will benefit from the payment of property management, project management, development and other fees by us to Remington. Set forth below is a summary of each of the fees paid to Remington and affiliated entities, for our initial properties, for the year ended December 31, 2012.
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Type of Fee |
Calculation |
Actual Amount for the
Initial Properties for the Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
||||
Project Management |
4% of the total project costs associated with the implementation of the capital improvement budget until the total project costs equal 5% of gross revenues; then 3% of project costs for expenditures in excess of 5% of the gross revenue threshold | $ | 392,695 | |||
Development |
3% of total project costs associated with the development | 0 | ||||
Other (1) |
Then-current market rates | 547,663 | ||||
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 940,358 | ||||
|
|
(1) | Includes fees for purchasing, design and construction management. |
Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington, pursuant to which we have a first right of refusal to purchase any lodging-related investments identified by Remington and any of its affiliates that meet our investment criteria. Ashford Trust has a similar mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington but has agreed to subordinate its right with respect to any properties that satisfy our investment criteria such that any new investment opportunities that satisfy our investment guidelines will be presented to our board of directors, who will have up to 10 business days to accept any such opportunity prior to it being available to Ashford Trust. Our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington also provides that Remington will provide property management, project management and development services for all future properties that we acquire to the extent we have the right or control the right to direct such matters, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington or (ii) based on special circumstances or past performance, by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington because they have determined, in their reasonable business judgment, that it would be in our best interest not to engage Remington or that another manager or developer could perform the duties materially better. Mr. Monty Bennett will benefit from the payment by us of property management fees, project management fees and development fees to Remington pursuant to the master management agreement.
Conflicts of Interest
We are dependent on Ashford Advisor for our day-to-day management, and we do not have any independent officers or employees. Each of our executive officers and non-executive officers and two of our directors also serve as key employees and as officers of Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust, and will continue to do so. Furthermore, so long as Ashford Advisor is our external advisor, our governing documents require us to include two persons designated by Ashford Advisor as candidates for election as director at any stockholder meeting at which directors are to be elected. Such nominees may be executive officers of Ashford Trust. In connection with the spin-off, Messrs. Monty J. Bennett and Douglas A. Kessler were designated as candidates for election as directors by Ashford Advisor. Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and chairman, is also the chief executive officer and a director of Ashford Trust. We did not conduct arms-length negotiations with respect to the terms and structuring of our agreements, resulting in the principals of Ashford Trust having the ability to influence the type and level of benefits that they and our other affiliates will receive. We have not obtained third-party appraisals of the properties contributed to us in the separation and distribution or fairness opinions in connection with the separation and distribution. Accordingly, our advisory agreement and other agreements with Ashford Trust, including fees and other amounts payable, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated on an arms-length basis with unaffiliated third parties. In addition, the ability of Ashford Advisor and
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its officers and personnel to engage in other business activities, including the management of Ashford Trust and other entities, may reduce the time Ashford Advisor and its officers and personnel spend managing us.
Ashford Advisor is a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, a publicly-traded hotel REIT with investment objectives that are similar to ours. Our advisory agreement requires Ashford Advisor to present investments it deems suitable for recommendation that satisfy our investment guidelines to us before presenting them to Ashford Trust or any future client of Ashford Advisor. However, some portfolio investment opportunities may include hotels that satisfy our investment objectives as well as hotels that satisfy the investment objectives of Ashford Trust. If the portfolio cannot be equitably divided, Ashford Advisor will necessarily have to make a determination as to which entity will be presented with the opportunity. In such a circumstance, our advisory agreement requires Ashford Advisor to allocate portfolio investment opportunities between us and Ashford Trust in a fair and equitable manner, consistent with our and Ashford Trusts investment objectives. In making this determination, Ashford Advisor, using substantial discretion, will consider the investment strategy and guidelines of each entity with respect to acquisition of properties, portfolio concentrations, tax consequences, regulatory restrictions, liquidity requirements, financing and other factors deemed appropriate. In making the allocation determination, Ashford Advisor has no obligation to make any such investment opportunity available to us. Further, Ashford Advisor and Ashford Trust have agreed that any new investment opportunities that satisfy our investment guidelines will be presented to our board of directors; however, our board will have only ten business days to make a determination with respect to such opportunity prior to it being available to Ashford Trust. The above mentioned dual responsibilities may create conflicts of interest for our officers which could result in decisions or allocations of investments that may benefit one entity more than the other.
Upon completion of the spin-off, we entered into a master management agreement and a mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington. Because Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our chief executive officer and the chairman of our board of directors, is also the chief executive officer of Remington and, together with his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., beneficially owns 100% of Remington, they will benefit from the fees paid to Remington under the master management agreement. The terms of the mutual exclusivity agreement limit our ability to engage other entities for property management, development, and other project management related services without the unanimous consent of our independent directors or, in certain circumstances, the majority vote of our independent directors. The initial term of the mutual exclusivity agreement is 10 years, with three seven-year renewal options, followed by one four-year renewal option. Remington will manage the Pier House Resort if we exercise our option to acquire that hotel.
Pursuant to our mutual exclusivity agreement with Remington, Remington may, subject to Ashford Trusts right of first refusal, pursue lodging investment opportunities that it refers to us and that we elect not to pursue. This may result in our chief executive officer and chairman, Mr. Monty J. Bennett, and Remington competing with us, while Remington is managing other hotels for us.
Mr. Monty J. Bennett is an owner and the chief executive officer of Remington and is an owner, the chief executive officer and a director of Ashford Trust. As a result, his duties to us as a director and officer may conflict with his duties to, and pecuniary interest in, Remington and Ashford Trust. Therefore, the negotiations and agreements between us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and these entities and their affiliates may not solely reflect the interests of our stockholders.
To mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, our board of directors consists of five independent directors, out of a total of seven directors. Furthermore, our charter requires that, at all times, a majority of our board of directors be independent directors and our corporate governance guidelines require that two-thirds of our board be independent directors at all times that we do not have an independent chairman. Also, our corporate governance policy provides that all decisions related to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust; decisions related to the mutual exclusivity agreement or the master management agreement with Remington; decisions related to the advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor; decisions related to the option agreements with Ashford Trust; and all decisions related to the enforcement of the separation and distribution agreement be
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approved by a majority of the independent directors. Our directors also are subject to provisions of Maryland law that address transactions between Maryland corporations and our directors or other entities in which our directors have a material financial interest. In addition, our charter, consistent with Maryland law, contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director or officer or an affiliate of any director or officer will require the approval of a majority of disinterested directors. However, there can be no assurance that these policies always will be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts, and if they are not successful, decisions could be made that might not fully reflect the interests of all of our stockholders.
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POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
The following is a discussion of our investment policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors without stockholder approval. Any change to any of these policies by our board of directors, however, would be made only after a thorough review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our board of directors believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our stockholders best interests. We intend to disclose any changes in our investment policies in periodic reports that we file or furnish under the Exchange Act. We cannot assure you that our investment objectives will be attained.
Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate
We conduct substantially all of our investment activities through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Our primary objective is to enhance stockholder value over time by generating strong risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. We plan to invest principally in high RevPAR, full-service and urban select-service hotels located predominantly in domestic and international gateway markets. We target primarily premium-branded, select-service and full-service hotels that are consistent with our investment and growth strategies. For a discussion of our initial hotels and our acquisition and other strategic objectives, see Our Business and Properties.
We intend to engage in future investment activities in a manner that is consistent with the requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes. We expect to pursue our investment objectives primarily through the ownership by our operating partnership of hotels, but we may also make equity investments in other entities, including joint ventures that own hotels. Ashford Advisor will identify and negotiate acquisition and other investment opportunities, subject to the approval by our board of directors. For information concerning the investing experience of these individuals, see Management.
We may enter into joint ventures from time to time, if we determine that doing so would be the most cost-effective and efficient means of raising capital. Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness may be incurred in connection with acquiring investments. Any such financing or indebtedness will have priority over our equity interest in such property. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income. From time to time, we may make investments in pursuit of our business and growth strategies that do not provide current cash flow. We believe investments that do not generate current cash flow may be, in certain instances, consistent with enhancing stockholder value over time.
We do not have any specific policy as to the amount or percentage of our assets which will be invested in any specific asset, other than the tax rules applicable to REITs. Additionally, no limits have been set on the concentration of investments in any single geographic location, hotel type or franchise brand. We currently anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be concentrated in premium-branded, select-service and full-service hotels. We anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be located predominantly in domestic gateway markets.
Investments in Real Estate Mortgages
We do not presently intend to invest in loans secured by properties or make loans to persons other than in connection with the acquisition of mortgage loans through which we expect to achieve equity ownership of the underlying property in the near-term.
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Investments in Securities or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Investments in Other Securities
Subject to the gross income and asset requirements for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We do not currently have any policy limiting the types of entities in which we may invest or the proportion of assets to be so invested, whether through acquisition of an entitys shares of common stock, limited liability or partnership interests, interests in another REIT or entry into a joint venture. However, we do not presently intend to invest in these types of securities.
We have no current intention to underwrite securities of other issuers.
Purchase and Sale of Investments
We expect to invest in hotels primarily for generation of current income and long-term capital appreciation. Although we do not currently intend to sell any hotels, subject to REIT qualification and prohibited transaction rules under the Code, we may deliberately and strategically dispose of assets in the future and redeploy funds into new acquisitions and redevelopment, renovation and expansion opportunities that align with our investment and growth strategies.
Lending and Borrowing Policies
Subject to the applicable law and the requirements for listed companies on the NYSE, we do not expect to engage in any significant lending in the future. However, we do not have a policy limiting our ability to make loans to other persons, although our ability to do so may be limited by applicable law, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Subject to tax rules applicable to REITs, we may make loans to unaffiliated third parties. For example, we may consider offering purchase money financing in connection with the disposition of assets in instances where the provision of that financing would increase the value to be received by us for the asset sold. We may choose to guarantee debt of certain joint ventures with third parties. Consideration for those guarantees may include, but is not limited to, fees, long-term management contracts, options to acquire additional ownership interests and promoted equity positions. Our board of directors may, in the future, adopt a formal lending policy without notice to or consent of our stockholders.
We do not have any current limitations on our borrowing, but we intend to target a net debt and preferred equity-to-EBITDA ratio of 5.0x or less. See Our Business and PropertiesOur Financing Strategy.
Issuance of Additional Securities
Subject to applicable law and the requirements for listed companies on the NYSE, if our board of directors determines that obtaining additional capital would be advantageous to us, we may, without stockholder approval, issue debt or equity securities, including causing our operating partnership to issue additional operating partnership units, retain earnings (subject to the REIT distribution requirements for federal income tax purposes) or pursue a combination of these methods. As long as our operating partnership is in existence, the proceeds of all equity capital raised by us will be contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for additional common or preferred units, which will dilute the ownership interests of any other limited partners.
We may offer shares of our common stock, common or preferred units in our operating partnership, or other debt or equity securities in exchange for cash, real estate assets or other investment targets, and to repurchase or otherwise re-acquire shares of our common stock, common or preferred units in our operating partnership or other debt or equity securities. We may issue preferred stock from time to time, in one or more classes or series, as authorized by our board of directors without stockholder approval. We have not adopted a specific policy governing the issuance of senior securities at this time.
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We may, under certain circumstances, purchase shares of our common or preferred stock in the open market or in private transactions with our stockholders, if those purchases are approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors has no present intention of causing us to repurchase any shares of our common stock, and any action would only be taken in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the applicable requirements for qualifying as a REIT.
In the future, we may institute a dividend reinvestment plan, which would allow our stockholders to acquire additional shares of common stock by automatically reinvesting their cash dividends. Shares would be acquired pursuant to the plan at a price equal to the then-prevailing market price, without payment of brokerage commissions or service charges. Stockholders who do not participate in the plan will continue to receive cash dividends as declared.
Reporting Policies
We intend to make available to our stockholders audited annual financial statements and annual reports. We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, pursuant to which we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the SEC.
Conflict of Interest Policies
Relationship with Our Operating Partnership
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any limited partner thereof (including Ashford Trust OP), on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company and our stockholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as the general partner, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and to its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as the general partner to our operating partnership and its limited partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders.
Unless otherwise provided for in the relevant partnership agreement, Delaware law generally requires a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership to adhere to fiduciary duty standards under which it owes its limited partners the highest duties of good faith, fairness and loyalty and which generally prohibit such general partner from taking any action or engaging in any transaction as to which it has a conflict of interest.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that the provisions limiting our liability, as the general partner, to our operating partnership and the limited partners act as an express limitation of any fiduciary or other duties that we would otherwise owe our operating partnership and the limited partners. The provisions of Delaware law that allow the common law fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a partnership agreement have not been resolved in a court of law, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict our fiduciary duties that would be in effect under common law were it not for the partnership agreement.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership expressly limits our liability by providing that neither we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, nor any of our directors or officers, will be liable or accountable in damages to our operating partnership, the limited partners or assignees for errors in judgment, mistakes of fact or law or for any act or omission if we, or such director or officer, acted in good faith. In addition, our operating partnership is required to indemnify us, and our officers, directors, employees, agents and designees to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership, unless it is established that (1) the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the indemnified person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
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Policies Applicable to All Directors and Officers
We are subject to certain conflicts of interest resulting from our relationship with Remington and Ashford Advisor. Remington is ultimately owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our Chief Executive Officer and chairman of our board of directors, and his father Archie Bennett, Jr. In addition to their ownership interest in Remington, Mr. Monty Bennett is the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Remington, and his father Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., is the chairman of Remingtons board of directors. Additionally, Mr. Monty Bennett is the Chief Executive Officer and chairman of the board of directors of Ashford Advisor, our advisor. We have entered into numerous transactions with Remington and Ashford Advisor, including the following:
| Ashford Advisor handles all of our day-to-day operations pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement. |
| We entered into an agreement pursuant to which, subject to certain conditions, we have a right of first offer with respect to properties belonging to Ashford Trust that satisfy our investment guidelines, to the extent that Ashford Trust controls the disposition of such assets, and Ashford Trust has a similar right with respect to our assets. |
| Subject to the right of our independent directors to hire a third-party manager under certain circumstances, we will engage Remington as the property manager for any future hotel properties that we may acquire that are unencumbered by management agreements. |
| Subject to certain limited exceptions, we have the right of first refusal to purchase any investments identified by Remington that satisfy our investment criteria. |
| Subject to the right of our independent directors to hire a third-party manager under certain circumstances, we will hire Remington, on a fee basis, for any future development of new properties and for providing project management and other services. |
| Remington may from time to time provide other services on the hotels it manages for a fee, subject to the determination by a majority of our independent directors that the fees charged by Remington are not comparable to then-current market rates for such services. |
Please refer to the more detailed description of our agreements with Remington and Ashford Advisor contained in Certain Agreements.
Because we could be subject to various conflicts of interest arising from our relationship with Remington, Ashford Advisor and other parties, to mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, our board of directors currently consists of five independent directors, out of a total of seven. Furthermore, our charter requires that, at all times, a majority of our board of directors be independent directors and our corporate governance guidelines require that two-thirds of our board be independent directors at all times that we do not have an independent chairman. The charter requirement that a majority of our board be independent directors may not be amended, altered, changed or repealed without the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors and the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of our then-outstanding common stock. Also, our corporate governance policy provides that all decisions related to the right of first offer agreement with Ashford Trust, all decisions related to the mutual exclusivity agreement or the master management agreement with Remington, all decisions related to the advisory agreement with Ashford Advisor, all decisions related to the option agreements with Ashford Trust, and all decisions related to the enforcement of the separation and distribution agreement be approved by a majority of the independent directors, except as specifically provided otherwise in such agreements. In addition, our directors also are subject to provisions of Maryland law that address transactions between Maryland corporations and our directors or other entities in which our directors have a material financial interest. In addition, our charter, consistent with Maryland law, contains a requirement that any transaction or agreement involving us, any of our wholly-owned subsidiaries or our operating partnership and a director or officer or an affiliate of any director or officer will require the approval of a majority of disinterested directors. However, there can be no assurance that these policies always will be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts, and if they are not successful, decisions could be made that might not fully reflect the interests of all of our stockholders.
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The MGCL provides that a contract or other transaction between a corporation and any of that corporations directors and any other entity in which that director is also a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the fact that the director was present at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is approved or the fact that the directors vote was counted in favor of the contract or transaction, if:
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to the board or a committee of the board, and the board or the committee authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum; |
| the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to stockholders entitled to vote on the contract or transaction, and the contract or transaction is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the matter, other than votes of shares owned of record or beneficially by the interested director, corporation, firm or other entity; or |
| the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the corporation. |
We cannot assure you that our rights under the mutual exclusivity agreement, the right of first offer agreement, our conflicts of interest policies or code of ethics or the MGCL will successfully eliminate conflicts of interest.
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The following table sets forth information as of December 18, 2013 regarding the ownership of our common stock by (1) each person known to us who is beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of our outstanding common stock, (2) each of our directors and named executive officers and (3) all of our directors and executive officers as a group. In accordance with SEC rules, each listed persons beneficial ownership includes: (1) all shares the person actually owns beneficially or of record; (2) all shares over which the person has or shares voting or dispositive control (such as in the capacity of a general partner of an investment fund); and (3) all shares the person has the right to acquire within 60 days. Unless otherwise indicated, each person or entity named below has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown to be beneficially owned by such person or entity. As of December 18, 2013, we had an aggregate of 16,113,112 shares of common stock outstanding. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table below, the address of each person listed below is the address of our principal executive office, 14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100, Dallas, Texas 75254.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership (1) |
Percent of
Class (2) |
||||||
Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership |
4,977,899 | 23.58 | % | |||||
Monty J. Bennett |
1,278,217 | 7.47 | % | |||||
Douglas A. Kessler |
330,746 | 2.02 | % | |||||
David A. Brooks |
353,733 | 2.16 | % | |||||
David J. Kimichik |
221,068 | 1.36 | % | |||||
Jeremy J. Welter |
63,451 | * | ||||||
Mark L. Nunneley |
167,494 | 1.03 | % | |||||
Stefani D. Carter |
3,200 | * | ||||||
Curtis B. McWilliams |
3,200 | * | ||||||
W. Michael Murphy |
16,360 | * | ||||||
Matthew D. Rinaldi |
3,200 | * | ||||||
Andrew L. Strong |
3,200 | * | ||||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (11 persons) |
2,443,870.2 | 13.57 | % |
* | Denotes less than 1.0% |
(1) | Ownership includes common units issued in connection with the spin-off. Beginning one year from the issuance date, such common units issued are redeemable by the holder for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Assumes that all common units of our operating partnership held by such person or group of persons are redeemed for common stock (regardless of when such units are redeemable). |
(2) | In computing the percentage ownership of a person or group, we have assumed that the common units held by that person or the persons in the group have been redeemed for shares of common stock and that those shares are outstanding but that no common units held by other persons are redeemed for shares of common stock. |
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In addition to the stockholders listed above, the following stockholders owned more than 5% of our common stock as of December 18, 2013:
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership |
Percent of
Class |
||||||
The Vanguard Group, Inc . |
1,924,517 | (1) | 11.93 | % | ||||
Archie Bennett, Jr . |
1,139,987 | (2) | 6.70 | % (3) | ||||
Blackrock, Inc. |
870,216 | (4) | 5.40 | % | ||||
Morgan Stanley |
856,829 | (5) | 5.31 | % | ||||
Vanguard Specialized FundsVanguard REIT Index Fund |
856,816 | (6) | 5.31 | % |
(1) | Based on information provided by The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard Group) in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on December 9, 2013 in relation to its ownership of 1,924,517 shares of our common stock. Per such Schedule 13G, Vanguard Group has sole voting power over 35,983 of such shares, shared voting power over 0 of such shares, sole power to dispose of 1,901,592 of such shares and shared power to dispose of 22,925 of such shares. The principal business address of Vanguard Group is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355. |
(2) | Based on information provided by Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr. in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on December 4, 2013 in relation to his ownership of 1,139,987 shares of our common stock. Per such Schedule 13G, Mr. Bennett has sole voting and dispositive power over all 1,139,987 shares. Ownership includes common units issued in connection with the spin-off. Beginning one year from the issuance date, such common units issued are redeemable by the holder for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Assumes that all common units of our operating partnership held by Mr. Bennett are redeemed for common stock (regardless of when such units are redeemable). |
(3) | In computing the percentage ownership for Mr. Bennett, we have assumed that the common units held by him have been redeemed for shares of common stock and that those shares are outstanding but that no common units held by other persons are redeemed for shares of common stock. |
(4) | Based on information provided by Blackrock, Inc. in an amendment to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 6, 2013 in relation to its ownership of 4,351,083 shares of common stock of Ashford Trust. Per such Schedule 13G, Blackrock, Inc. has sole voting and dispositive power over all such shares. The principal business address of Blackrock, Inc. is 40 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10022. |
(5) | Based on information provided by Morgan Stanley in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on October 8, 2013 in relation to its ownership of 4,284,148 shares of common stock of Ashford Trust. Per such Schedule 13G, Morgan Stanley has sole voting power over 3,997,085 of such shares, shared voting power over 232,137 of such shares, and sole power to dispose of all such shares. The principal business address of Morgan Stanley is 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. |
(6) | Based on information provided by Vanguard Specialized FundsVanguard REIT Index Fund (Vanguard Fund) in an amendment to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2013 in relation to its ownership of 4,284,084 shares of common stock of Ashford Trust. Per such Schedule 13G, Vanguard Fund has sole voting power over all such shares and does not have sole or shared dispositive power over any of such shares. The principal business address of Vanguard Fund is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355. |
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK
General
We were formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. Rights of our stockholders are governed by the MGCL, our charter and our bylaws. The following is a summary of the material provisions of our capital stock. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the MGCL, our charter and bylaws. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find Additional Information.
Authorized Stock
Our charter provides that we may issue up to 200 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and up to 50 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of our common stock or the number of shares of our stock of any class or series. As of December 18, 2013, we had 16,113,112 shares of our common stock outstanding. No shares of our preferred stock are outstanding.
Common Stock
Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors out of assets or funds legally available therefor and declared by us and to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities of our company, including the preferential rights on dissolution of any class or classes of preferred stock.
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company. Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, shares of our common stock have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, consolidate, transfer all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporations charter. Our charter provides for the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least a majority of the shares entitled to be cast to approve each of these matters, except that two-thirds of all votes are required to amend the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on the transfer and ownership of our stock and 80% of all votes, plus two-thirds of all votes of persons (if any) who are not interested stockholders or affiliates or associates of interested stockholders, are required to amend the provisions of our charter regarding the inapplicability of the business combinations statute under Maryland law. Because operating assets may be held by a corporations subsidiaries, as in our situation, a subsidiary of a corporation may be able to merge or transfer all of its assets without a vote of the corporations stockholders.
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Our charter authorizes our board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or that stockholders believe may be in their best interests.
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power of our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to amend our charter to increase the aggregate number of shares of our authorized stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series, to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock provides us with flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the rules of the NYSE or any other stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not currently intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue an additional class or series of stock that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company, even if such transaction or change of control involves a premium price for our stockholders or our stockholders believe that such transaction or change of control may be in their best interests.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us). In addition, if we, or one or more owners (actually or constructively) of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of our capital stock, actually or constructively own 10% or more of a tenant of ours (or a tenant of any partnership in which we are a partner), other than a TRS, the rent received by us (either directly or through any such partnership) from such tenant will not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests of the Code. Our stock must also be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us).
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our capital stock that are intended to assist us in complying with these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The relevant sections of our charter provide that, subject to the exceptions described below, no person or persons acting as a group may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than (i) 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of our common stock or (ii) 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock or any other stock of our company. We refer to this restriction as the ownership limit.
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The ownership attribution rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our common stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our common stock) by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding common stock and thereby subject the common stock to the ownership limit.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive the ownership limit with respect to one or more stockholders who would not be treated as individuals for purposes of the Code if it determines that such ownership will not cause any individuals beneficial ownership of shares of our capital stock to violate the ownership limit and that any exemption from the ownership limit will not jeopardize our status as a REIT (for example, by causing any tenant of ours to be considered a related party tenant for purposes of the REIT qualification rules).
As a condition of our waiver, our board of directors may require an opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of directors, and/or representations or undertakings from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.
In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit or at any other time, our board of directors may decrease the ownership limit for all other persons and entities; provided, however, that the decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person or entity whose percentage ownership in our capital stock is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person or entitys percentage of our capital stock equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of our capital stock in excess of such percentage ownership of our capital stock will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally, the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer individuals (as defined for purposes of the REIT ownership restrictions under the Code) to beneficially own more than 49.5% of the value of our outstanding capital stock.
Our charter provisions further prohibit:
| any person from actually or constructively owning shares of our capital stock that would result in us being closely held under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of the taxable year); |
| any person from transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution); |
| any person from beneficially or constructively owning our stock to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause us to constructively own ten percent or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a TRS) of our real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or |
| any person from beneficially or constructively owning or transferring our stock if such ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code, including, but not limited to, as a result of any hotel management companies failing to qualify as eligible independent contractors under the REIT rules. |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our common stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership is required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
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Pursuant to our charter, if any purported transfer of our capital stock or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limits or the other restrictions in our charter, then any such purported transfer will be void and of no force or effect with respect to the purported transferee or owner (collectively referred to hereinafter as the purported owner) as to that number of shares in excess of the ownership limit (rounded up to the nearest whole share). The number of shares in excess of the ownership limit will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by us. The trustee of the trust will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us or with any purported owner. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the purported owner, prior to our discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary of the trust and all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to such excess shares prior to the sale by the trustee of such shares shall be paid to the trustee for the beneficiary. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit, then our charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will be void. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such excess shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustees sole discretion and subject to applicable law) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported owner prior to our discovery that such shares have been transferred to the trust and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust, provided that if we have already taken irreversible action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Shares of our capital stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares of our capital stock at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our capital stock to the trust) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept(s) such offer. We have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of our capital stock held in the trust pursuant to the clauses discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold terminates and the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the purported owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to such capital stock will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.
If we do not buy the shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own the shares without violating the ownership limits. After that, the trustee must distribute to the purported owner an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the net price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our capital stock to the trust) and (ii) the net sales proceeds received by the trust for the shares. Any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the purported owner will be distributed to the charitable beneficiary.
Our charter also provides that Benefit Plan Investors (as defined in our charter) may not hold, individually or in the aggregate, 25% or more of the value of any class or series of shares of our capital stock to the extent such class or series does not constitute Publicly Offered Securities (as defined in our charter).
All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 5% (or such other percentage as provided in the regulations promulgated under the Code) of the lesser of the number or value of the shares of our outstanding capital stock must give written notice to us within 30 days after the end of each calendar year. In addition, each stockholder will, upon demand, be required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of our stock as our board of directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to comply with the requirements or any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.
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All certificates representing shares of our capital stock bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price over the then-prevailing market price for the holders of some, or a majority, of our outstanding shares of common stock or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.
Stock Exchange Listing
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol AHP.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and preferred stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
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MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAWAND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following is a summary of material provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the MGCL, our charter and bylaws. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find Additional Information.
The Board of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company may be established by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number permitted under the MGCL and not more than 15. Pursuant to Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL, our charter provides that any and all vacancies on the board of directors will be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors even if the remaining directors constitute less than a quorum. Any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies. Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors. For cause means, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to us through bad faith or active deliberate dishonesty. However, because of the boards exclusive power to fill vacant directorships, stockholders will be precluded from filling the vacancies created by any removal with their own nominees.
Pursuant to our charter, members of our board of directors serve one year terms and until their successors are elected and qualified. Holders of shares of our common stock have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders at which our board of directors is elected, the holders of a plurality of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors. Pursuant to our charter, for so long as Ashford Advisor serves as our external advisor, we are required to include two persons designated by Ashford Advisor as candidates for election as director at any stockholder meeting at which directors are elected.
Business Combinations
Maryland law prohibits business combinations between a corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and transfers, liquidation plans and reclassifications involving interested stockholders and their affiliates as asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder of a corporation as:
| any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the voting stock of the corporation; or |
| an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.
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After the five year prohibition, any business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the then-outstanding shares of common stock; and |
| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the common stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if certain fair price requirements set forth in the MGCL are satisfied.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are approved by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
Our charter includes a provision opting out of these provisions of the MGCL. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any interested stockholder of ours unless we later amend our charter, with stockholder approval, to modify or eliminate this provision. Any such amendment may not be effective until 18 months after the stockholder vote, may not apply to any business combination involving us and an interested stockholder (or affiliate) who became an interested stockholder on or before the date of the vote and requires the vote of at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding voting stock and two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by persons (if any) who are not interested stockholders or affiliates or associates of interested stockholders. We believe that our ownership restrictions will substantially reduce the risk that a stockholder would become an interested stockholder within the meaning of the Maryland business combination statute.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (ii) an officer of the corporation or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any person of ownership, or the power to direct the exercise of voting power with respect to, issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting. If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for
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fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (i) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (ii) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation at any time prior to the acquisition of the shares.
Our charter contains a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our common stock. Consequently, the control share acquisitions statute will not apply unless we later amend our charter, with stockholder approval, to modify or eliminate this provision.
Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act, and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors, to any or all of five provisions:
| a classified board; |
| a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; |
| a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of directors; |
| a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred; and |
| a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders. |
In our charter, we have elected that vacancies on the board be filled only by the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we:
| vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships; and |
| provide that unless called by our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our chief executive officer, a special meeting of stockholders may only be called by our secretary upon the written request of the holders of common stock entitled to cast not less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. |
Amendment to Our Charter and Bylaws
Our charter may be amended only if declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except that two-thirds of all votes are required to amend the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on the transfer and ownership of our stock and 80% of all votes, plus two-thirds of all votes of stockholders (if any) who are not interested stockholders (or their affiliates or associates), are required to amend the provisions of our charter regarding the inapplicability of the business combinations statute under Maryland law. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter contains a provision permitting our directors, without any action by our stockholders, to amend the charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. Our board of directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and make new bylaws.
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Dissolution of Our Company
The dissolution of our company must be declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Special Meetings of Stockholders
Special meetings of stockholders may be called only by our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer or, in the case of a stockholder requested special meeting, by our secretary upon the written request of the holders of common stock entitled to cast not less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Only matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that:
| with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, the only business to be considered and the only proposals to be acted upon, including nominations of persons for election to our board of directors, will be those properly brought before the annual meeting: |
| pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
| by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or |
| by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws; |
| with respect to a special meeting of stockholders, only the business specified in our companys notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders; and |
| with respect to a special meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of directors may be made only: |
| by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or |
| by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. |
Generally, in accordance with our bylaws, a stockholder seeking to nominate a director or bring other business before our annual meeting of stockholders must deliver a notice to our secretary not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the prior years annual meeting of stockholders (for purposes of our 2014 annual meeting, notice of the prior years annual meeting shall be deemed to have been mailed on April 12, 2013). For a stockholder seeking to nominate a candidate for our board of directors, the notice must include all information regarding the nominee that would be required in connection with the solicitation for the election of such nominee, including name, address, occupation and number of shares held. For a stockholder seeking to propose other business, the notice must include a description of the proposed business, the reasons for the proposal and other specified matters.
No Stockholder Rights Plan
We do not have, and we do not intend to adopt, a stockholder rights plan unless our stockholders approve in advance the adoption of a plan or, if our board of directors adopts a plan for our company, we will submit the stockholder rights plan to our stockholders for a ratification vote within 12 months of adoption, without which the plan will terminate.
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Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws
The provisions restricting ownership and transfer of our stock in our charter, as well as the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or that stockholders otherwise believe may be in their best interest. In addition, our board of directors has the power to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares and classify and reclassify any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of stock, and to authorize us to issue the newly-classified shares, and could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock or another class or series of stock, including a class or series of preferred stock, that could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a transaction or a change of control of us. See Description of StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Description of StockPower to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock. Further, our charter and bylaws also provide that the number of directors may be established only by our board of directors, which prevents our stockholders from increasing the number of our directors and filling any vacancies created by such increase with their own nominees.
If our charter were to be amended to avail the corporation of the business combination provisions of the MGCL or to remove or modify the provision in the charter opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL, or if we elect to be subject to any of the other provisions of Subtitle 8, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors and Officers Liability
Our charter and the partnership agreement provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law, as amended from time to time.
Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and: |
| was committed in bad faith; or |
| was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation (other than for expenses incurred in a successful defense of such an action) or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporations receipt of:
| a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
| a written undertaking by the director or on the directors behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
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Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. These limitations of liabilities do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and do not generally affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
| any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or |
| any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that obligate us to indemnify our directors and executive officers, and advance expenses as described above.
Our bylaws also obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above. Subject to the approval of our board of directors, we are also obligated, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, and to such further extent as we shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, to indemnify and advance expenses to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that we, as the general partner, and our officers and directors are indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law. See Partnership AgreementExculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
General
Shares of our common stock started trading on the NYSE since November 20, 2013. Prior to the spin-off, there was no market for our common stock. Therefore, future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices.
Upon completion of this offering, we will have shares of common stock outstanding (or shares if the underwriters option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full).
Pursuant to the terms of the separation and distribution agreement, 8,776,152 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance upon redemption of common units (redemption shares). In addition, we have reserved for issuance to our directors, executive officers and Ashford Advisor employees who provide services to us under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan an aggregate of 850,000 shares of our common stock and have reserved for issuance to Ashford Advisor under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan an aggregate of 1,600,000 shares of common stock, in each case that, if and when such shares are issued, may be subject in whole or in part to vesting requirements or the lapsing of restrictions. All shares not otherwise reserved are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, except for shares received by persons who may be deemed to be our affiliates under the Securities Act. Persons who may be deemed to be our affiliates generally include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by or are under common control with us and may include our directors and certain officers or principal stockholders. Our affiliates will be permitted to sell their shares of our common stock only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, such as the exemptions afforded by Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
Redemption/Exchange Rights
Pursuant to the partnership agreement of our operating partnership, persons that own the common units of our operating partnership will have the right to redeem their units. When a limited partner exercises this right with respect to common units, the partnership must redeem the common units for cash or, at our option, common stock, on a one-for-one basis. These redemption rights generally may be exercised by the limited partners, including Ashford Trust OP and the other unit holders who received the common units in connection with the spin-off, at any time after one year following the issuance of the common units. See Partnership AgreementRedemption Rights. Any amendment to the Partnership Agreement that would affect these redemption rights would require our consent as the general partner and the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the units held by limited partners.
Rule 144
Shares of common stock that are restricted securities under the meaning of Rule 144 of the Securities Act may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including exemptions contained in Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, if six months have elapsed since the date of acquisition of restricted shares from us or any of our affiliates, the holder of such restricted shares can sell such shares; provided that the number of shares sold by such person within any three-month period cannot exceed the greater of:
| 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, or |
| the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC. |
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Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates also are subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.
Registration Rights
We have agreed to file a shelf registration statement with the SEC by the first anniversary of the completion of the spin-off, and thereafter use our efforts to have the registration statement declared effective, covering the continuous resale of the shares of common stock issuable, at our option, to the limited partners of our operating partnership, including Ashford Trust OP, upon redemption of common units. We may, at our option, satisfy our obligation to prepare and file a resale registration statement by filing a registration statement registering the issuance by us of shares of our common stock under the Securities Act (other than shares issued to affiliates) to holders of common units upon redemption. We have also agreed that we will file a registration statement with respect to such common stock if Ashford Trust OP, Ashford Advisor, or any successor to Ashford Trust OP or Ashford Advisor, requests such a registration, provided Ashford Trust OP, Ashford Advisor, or any successor to Ashford Trust OP or Ashford Advisor, requests registration of at least 100,000 shares of common stock, and provided that only one such registration may occur each year and no more than two such registrations may occur in total. Upon such request, we will use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective. In addition, unless the shelf registration is effective, Ashford Trust OP and Ashford Advisor will have piggyback registration rights, subject to certain volume and marketing limitations imposed by the underwriter of the offering with respect to which the rights are exercised. Upon effectiveness of any such registration statement, whether a shelf registration, a demand registration or a registration with respect to which piggyback rights are successfully exercised, those persons may sell such shares covered by the registration statement in the secondary market without being subject to the volume limitations or other requirements of Rule 144. We will bear expenses incident to the registration requirements other than any selling commissions, SEC or state securities registration fees, and transfer taxes or certain other fees or taxes relating to such shares.
Registration rights may be granted to future sellers of properties to our operating partnership who may receive, in lieu of cash, common stock, units or other securities convertible into common stock. Registration rights may also be granted to holders of shares of common stock issuable under our Advisory Equity Incentive Plan.
No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares, or the availability of shares for future sale, will have on the market price of our common stock prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.
Grants Under Our Equity Incentive Plans
We have adopted two equity incentive plans: the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Advisor Equity Incentive Plan. Our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive awards to employees, consultants and non-employee directors of our company, Ashford Advisor or each of their respective affiliates, and our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive awards to Ashford Advisor, including grants made as payment of the incentive fee to be paid to Ashford Advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement. The total number of shares that may be made subject to awards under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan is equal to 850,000 shares, which is the equivalent of approximately 5.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately prior to this offering. The total number of shares that may be made subject to awards under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan is equal to 1,600,000 shares, which is the equivalent of approximately 10.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock immediately prior to this offering.
We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering the shares of common stock issuable under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. Common stock covered by this registration statement, including any shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options or restricted stock, will be eligible for transfer
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or resale without restriction under the Securities Act unless held by affiliates. We intend to grant registration rights, as described above under Registration Rights, for shares of common stock issuable under our Advisor Equity Incentive Plan.
Lock-up Agreement
Our directors, executive officers and certain other security holders are subject to lock-up agreements entered into in connection with this offering, pursuant to which they have agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 90 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters.
The 90-day restricted period described in the preceding paragraph will be automatically extended if: (i) during the last 17 days of the 90-day restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs; or (ii) prior to the expiration of the 90-day restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day restricted period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.
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Management
Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, has been organized as a Delaware limited partnership. One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the sole general partner of this partnership, and one of our subsidiaries holds limited partnership units in this partnership. As of December 18, 2013, we owned, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, approximately 64.7% of the partnership interests in our operating partnership, Ashford Trust OP owned 20% and the limited partners of Ashford Trust OP owned the remaining approximately 15.3% of the partnership interests in our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue additional interests in our operating partnership to third parties.
Pursuant to the partnership agreement of our operating partnership, we, as the sole managing member of the general partner, generally have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management, operation and control of the partnership, including the ability to cause the partnership to enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions, developments and dispositions of properties, borrowings and refinancings of existing indebtedness. No limited partner may take part in the operation, management or control of the business of our operating partnership by virtue of being a holder of limited partnership units.
Our subsidiary may not be removed as general partner of the partnership. Upon the bankruptcy or dissolution of the general partner, the general partner shall be deemed to be removed automatically.
The limited partners of our operating partnership have agreed that in the event of a conflict in the fiduciary duties owed (i) by us to our stockholders and (ii) by us, as general partner of our operating partnership, to those limited partners, we may act in the best interests of our stockholders without violating our fiduciary duties to the limited partners of our operating partnership or being liable for any resulting breach of our duties to the limited partners.
Transferability of Interests
General Partner . The partnership agreement provides that we may not transfer our interest as a general partner (including by sale, disposition, merger or consolidation) except:
| in connection with a merger of our operating partnership, a sale of substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership or other transaction in which the limited partners receive a certain amount of cash, securities or property; or |
| in connection with a merger of us or the general partner into another entity, if the surviving entity contributes substantially all its assets to our operating partnership and assumes the duties of the general partner under the operating partnership agreement. |
Limited Partner . The partnership agreement prohibits the sale, assignment, transfer, pledge or disposition of all or any portion of the limited partnership units without our consent, which we may give or withhold in our sole discretion. However, an individual partner may donate his units to his immediate family or a trust wholly-owned by his immediate family, without our consent. The partnership agreement contains other restrictions on transfer if, among other things, that transfer:
| would cause us to fail to comply with the REIT rules under the Code; or |
| would cause our operating partnership to become a publicly-traded partnership under the Code. |
Capital Contributions
The partnership agreement provides that if the partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to the partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may borrow such funds from a
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financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the partnership. Under the partnership agreement, we will be obligated to contribute the proceeds of any offering of stock as additional capital to our operating partnership. Our operating partnership is authorized to cause the partnership to issue partnership interests for less than fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in both the partnerships and our best interests.
The partnership agreement provides that we may make additional capital contributions, including properties, to the partnership in exchange for additional partnership units. If we contribute additional capital to the partnership and receive additional partnership interests for such capital contribution, our percentage interests will be increased on a proportionate basis based on the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the other limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis. In addition, if we contribute additional capital to the partnership and receive additional partnership interests for such capital contribution, the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any unrealized gain or loss attributable to our properties as if there were an actual sale of such properties at the fair market value thereof. Limited partners have no preemptive right to make additional capital contributions.
The operating partnership could also issue preferred partnership interests in connection with the acquisitions of property or otherwise. Any such preferred partnership interests have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the partnership, including the partnership interests that our wholly-owned subsidiaries own.
Redemption Rights
Under the partnership agreement, we have granted to each limited partner holding common units (other than our subsidiary) the right to redeem its common units. This right may be exercised at the election of a limited partner by giving us written notice, subject to some limitations. The purchase price for the common units to be redeemed will equal the fair market value of our common stock. The purchase price for the common units may be paid in cash, or, in our discretion, by the issuance by us of a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of common units with respect to which the rights are being exercised. However, no limited partner will be entitled to exercise its redemption rights to the extent that the issuance of common stock to the redeeming partner would be prohibited under our charter or, if after giving effect to such exercise, would cause any person to own, actually or constructively, more than 9.8% of our common stock, unless such ownership limit is waived by us in our sole discretion. The common units issued to the limited partners generally may be redeemed at any time after the first anniversary of their issuance.
In all cases, however, no limited partner may exercise the redemption right for fewer than 1,000 partnership units or, if a limited partner holds fewer than 1,000 partnership units, all of the partnership units held by such limited partner.
Certain of our executive officers may elect to receive a special class of partnership units in our operating partnership referred to as LTIP units pursuant to the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. LTIP units vest over a number of years and whether vested or not, generally receive the same treatment as common units of our operating partnership, with the key difference being, at the time of the award, LTIP units do not have full economic parity with common units but can achieve such parity over time. The LTIP units will achieve parity with the common units upon the sale or deemed sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership at a time when our stock is trading at some level in excess of the price it was trading on the date of the LTIP issuance. More specifically, LTIP units will achieve full economic parity with common units in connection with (i) the actual sale of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership or (ii) the hypothetical sale of such assets, which results from a capital account revaluation, as defined in the partnership agreement, for our operating partnership. A capital account revaluation generally occurs whenever there is an issuance of additional partnership interests or the redemption of partnership interests. If a sale, or deemed sale as a result of a capital
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account revaluation, occurs at a time when the operating partnerships assets have sufficiently appreciated, the LTIP units will achieve full economic parity with the common units. However, in the absence of sufficient appreciation in the value of the assets of the operating partnership at the time a sale or deemed sale occurs, full economic parity would not be reached. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units become convertible into an equal number of common units and at that time, the holder will have the redemption rights described above. Until and unless such parity is reached, the LTIP units are not redeemable.
As of November 19, 2013, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights by holders of common units is 8,776,152. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted to account for share splits, mergers, consolidations or similar pro rata share transactions.
Conversion Rights
The holders of the LTIP units will have the right to convert vested LTIP units into ordinary common units on a one-for-one basis at any time after such LTIP units have achieved economic parity with the common units. No other limited partners have any conversion rights.
Operations
The partnership agreement requires the partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to minimize any excise tax liability imposed by the Code and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a publicly-traded partnership taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the partnership, the partnership pays all of our administrative costs and expenses. These expenses are treated as expenses of the partnership and generally include:
| all expenses relating to our continuity of existence; |
| all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities; |
| all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic reports under federal, state or local laws or regulations; |
| all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and |
| all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of its business on behalf of the partnership. |
Distributions
The partnership agreement provides that the partnership will make cash distributions in amounts and at such times as determined by us in our sole discretion, to us and other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests of the partners in the partnership.
Upon liquidation of the partnership, after payment of, or adequate provisions for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the other limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with the respective positive capital account balances of the partners.
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Allocations
Profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year generally are allocated to us and the other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests of the partners in the partnership. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
Amendments
Generally, we, as sole managing member of the sole general partner of our operating partnership, may amend the partnership agreement without the consent of any limited partner to clarify the partnership agreement, to make changes of an inconsequential nature, to reflect the admission, substitution or withdrawal of limited partners, to reflect the issuance of additional partnership interests or if, in the opinion of counsel, necessary or appropriate to satisfy the Code with respect to partnerships or REITs or federal or state securities laws. However, any amendment which alters or changes the distribution or redemption rights of a limited partner (other than a change to reflect the seniority of any distribution or liquidation rights of any preferred units issued in accordance with the partnership agreement), changes the method for allocating profits and losses, imposes any obligation on the limited partners to make additional capital contributions or adversely affects the limited liability of the limited partners requires the consent of holders of at least two-thirds of the limited partnership units. Other amendments require approval of the general partner and holders of 50% of the limited partnership units.
In addition, the partnership agreement may be amended, without the consent of any limited partner, in the event that we or any of our subsidiaries engages in a merger or consolidation with another entity and immediately after such transaction the surviving entity contributes to our operating partnership substantially all of the assets of such surviving entity and the surviving entity agrees to assume our subsidiarys obligation as general partner of the partnership. In such case, the surviving entity will amend the partnership agreement to arrive at a new method for calculating the amount a limited partner is to receive upon redemption or conversion of a partnership unit (such method to approximate the existing method as much as possible).
Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that neither the general partner, nor any of its directors and officers will be liable to the partnership or to any of its partners as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission, if the general partner acted in good faith.
In addition, the partnership agreement requires our operating partnership to indemnify and hold the general partner and its directors, officers and any other person it designates, harmless from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership in which any such indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that:
| the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
No indemnitee may subject any partner of our operating partnership to personal liability with respect to this indemnification obligation as this indemnification obligation will be satisfied solely out of the assets of the partnership.
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Term
The partnership has a perpetual life, unless dissolved upon:
| the general partners bankruptcy or dissolution or withdrawal (unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership); |
| the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the partnership; |
| the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held by us, if any); or |
| an election by us in our capacity as the sole owner of the general partner. |
Tax Matters
The general partner is the tax matters partner of the operating partnership. We have the authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of the partnership. The net income or net loss of the operating partnership is generally allocated to us and the limited partners in accordance with our and their respective percentage interests in the partnership, subject to compliance with the provisions of the Code.
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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a summary of the material federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a prospective holder of our common stock. The discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular investors in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of investors that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as:
| insurance companies; |
| financial institutions or broker-dealers; |
| tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed in Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders); |
| foreign corporations; |
| persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States (except to the limited extent discussed in Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Stock); |
| investors who hold or will hold our common stock as part of hedging or conversion transactions; |
| investors subject to federal alternative minimum tax; |
| investors that have a principal place of business or tax home outside the United States; |
| investors whose functional currency is not the United States dollar; |
| U.S. expatriates; |
| persons who mark-to-market our common stock; |
| subchapter S corporations; |
| regulated investment companies and REITs; and |
| persons who receive our common stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation. |
This summary assumes that stockholders will hold our common stock as capital assets.
The statements of law in this discussion are based on current provisions of the Code, existing temporary and final Treasury regulations thereunder, and current administrative rulings and court decisions. No assurance can be given that future legislative, judicial, or administrative actions or decisions, which may be retroactive in effect, will not affect the accuracy of any statements in this prospectus with respect to the transactions entered into or contemplated prior to the effective date of such changes. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any tax consequences described below.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of ownership of our common stock and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, we urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such ownership and election and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2013. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we have been organized and operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to
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continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to continue to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, under applicable Treasury Regulations, if Ashford Trust failed to qualify as a REIT in any of its 2009 through 2013 taxable years, unless Ashford Trusts failure to qualify as a REIT was subject to relief under as described below under Failure to Qualify, we would be prevented from electing to qualify as a REIT prior to the fifth calendar year following the year in which Ashford Trust failed to qualify. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its investors. These laws are highly technical and complex.
In connection with this offering, we will receive an opinion of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP to the effect that, commencing with our short year ending December 31, 2013, we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT, and our current and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for our short taxable year ending December 31, 2013. Investors should be aware that Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon the accuracy of certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our properties and the future conduct of our business, and is not binding upon the IRS or any court. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion is further conditioned upon an opinion we received from Andrews Kurth LLP, upon which Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP is entitled to rely, that Ashford Trust has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for its five taxable years ending December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2013. In addition, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion will be based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT as of the date of the opinion, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our continued qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws and the continued qualification and taxation of Ashford Trust as a REIT for 2013. Those qualification tests include the percentage of income that we and, for 2013, Ashford Trust earn from specified sources, the percentage of our and, for 2013, Ashford Trusts assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our and, for 2013, Ashford Trusts share ownership, and the percentage of our and, for 2013, Ashford Trusts earnings that we and, for 2013, Ashford Trust, respectively, distribute. While Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP will have reviewed those matters in connection with its opinion, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our or Ashford Trusts operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPs opinion will not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more REIT savings provisions discussed below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to Qualify.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the double taxation, or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
| We will pay federal income tax at regular corporate rates on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned. |
| Under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on items of tax preference. |
| We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (foreclosure property) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and (2) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property. |
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| We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. |
| If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under Income Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on (1) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
| If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of this required distribution over the sum of the amount we actually distributed, plus any retained amounts on which income tax has been paid at the corporate level. |
| We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a U.S. holder, as defined below under Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Stock, would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that a timely designation of such gain is made by us to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. |
| If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference to the C corporations basis in the asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of such asset during a specified period after we acquire such asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax generally is the lesser of: (1) the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition; or (2) the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired the asset. |
| We will incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS that are not conducted on an arms-length basis. |
| If we fail to satisfy certain asset tests, described below under Asset Tests and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet certain other requirements, we will be subject to a tax of the greater of $50,000 or at the highest corporate rate on the income generated by the non-qualifying assets. |
| We may be subject to a $50,000 tax for each failure if we fail to satisfy certain REIT qualification requirements, other than income tests or asset tests, and the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. |
In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, any TRS in which we own an interest will be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on its taxable income.
Requirements for REIT Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets the following requirements:
1. | it is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
2. | its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
3. | it would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
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4. | it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
5. | at least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates; |
6. | no more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the federal income tax laws to include certain entities, during the last half of each taxable year; |
7. | it elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
8. | it uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws; |
9. | it meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions; and |
10. | it has no earnings and profits from any non-REIT taxable year at the close of any taxable year. |
We must meet requirements 1 through 4, 7, 8 and 9 during our entire taxable year, must meet requirement 10 at the close of each taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for such taxable year. For purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6, an individual generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An individual, however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding shares of our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6. Requirements 5 and 6 will apply to us beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2014.
After the issuance of common stock pursuant to the spin-off, we had issued sufficient common stock with enough diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 set forth above. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our stock so that we should continue to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of the stock are described in Description of Our Capital StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy such stock ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these stock ownership requirements, our qualification as a REIT may terminate.
If we comply with regulatory rules pursuant to which we are required to send annual letters to holders of our stock requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our stock, and we do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we failed to meet requirement 6 above, we will be treated as having met the requirement.
In addition, we must satisfy all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries
A corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are
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treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described in this section, any qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of that subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit. Similarly, any wholly-owned limited liability company or certain wholly-owned partnerships that we own will be disregarded, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such limited liability company will be treated as ours.
Other Disregarded Entities and Partners
An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership or limited liability company that has a single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate from its parent for federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners is generally treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. For purposes of the 10% value test (as described below under Asset Tests), our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of our operating partnership and of any other partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we own or will acquire an interest, directly or indirectly (each, a Partnership and, together, the Partnerships), are treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.
We may in the future acquire interests in partnerships and limited liability companies that are joint ventures in which we do not own general partner or managing member interests. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT savings provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
Subject to restrictions on the value of TRS securities held by the REIT, a REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation. The TRS and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will be automatically treated as a TRS. A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotels or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any hotel or health care facility is operated but is permitted to lease hotels from a related REIT as long as the hotels are operated on behalf of the TRS by an eligible independent contractor. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of TRS securities. A timely election has been made with respect to each of our TRSs. Each of our hotel properties is leased by one of our TRSs. Additionally, we may form or acquire one or more additional TRSs in the future. See the separate section entitled Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or
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indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:
| rents from real property; |
| interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; |
| dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs; |
| gain from the sale of real estate assets; |
| income derived from the temporary investment of new capital or qualified temporary investment income, that is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the date on which we received such new capital; and |
| income and gain derived from foreclosure property, as defined below under Foreclosure Property. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of dividends and interest, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or any combination of these. Gross income from our sale of any property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and cancellation of indebtedness, or COD, income is excluded from both income tests. Certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests, as discussed below in Foreign Currency Gain. In addition, income and gain from hedging transactions, as defined in the section below entitled Hedging Transactions, that we enter into will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test. Rules similar to those applicable to income from hedging transactions apply to income arising from transactions that we enter into primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain included in the computation of the 95% income test or the 75% income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.
Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive from real property that we own and lease to tenants will qualify as rents from real property, which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:
| First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or gross sales. |
| Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our shares of stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant, other than a TRS, from whom we receive rent. If the tenant is a TRS either (i) at least 90% of the property is leased to unrelated tenants and the rent paid by the TRS is substantially comparable to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space or (ii) the TRS leases a qualified lodging facility or qualified health care property and engages an eligible independent contractor to operate such facility or property on its behalf. |
| Third, if the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to that personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. If rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease, then the rent attributable to personal property will qualify as rents from real property. |
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Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage our real property or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated, from whom we do not derive revenue, and who does not, directly or through its stockholders, own more than 35% of our shares of stock, taking into consideration the applicable ownership attribution rules. However, |
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we need not provide services through an independent contractor, but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are usually or customarily rendered in the geographic area in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of non-customary services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost of performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a TRS which may provide customary and noncustomary services to our tenants without tainting our rental income from the related properties. See Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. |
Pursuant to percentage leases, our TRSs lease each of our properties. The percentage leases provide that the our TRSs are obligated to pay to the Partnerships (1) a minimum base rent plus percentage rent based on gross revenue and (2) additional charges or other expenses, as defined in the leases. Percentage rent is calculated by multiplying fixed percentages by revenues for each of the hotels. Both base rent and the thresholds in the percentage rent formulas may be adjusted for inflation.
In order for the base rent, percentage rent, and additional charges to constitute rents from real property, the percentage leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not treated as service contracts, joint ventures, or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether the percentage leases are true leases depends on an analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. In making such a determination, courts have considered a variety of factors, including the following:
| the property owners expectation of receiving a pre-tax profit from the lease; |
| the intent of the parties; |
| the form of the agreement; |
| the degree of control over the property that is retained by the property owner, or whether the lessee has substantial control over the operation of the property or is required simply to use its best efforts to perform its obligations under the agreement; |
| the extent to which the property owner retains the risk of loss with respect to the property, or whether the lessee bears the risk of increases in operating expenses or the risk of damage to the property or the potential for economic gain or appreciation with respect to the property; |
| the lessee will be obligated to pay, at a minimum, substantial base rent for the period of use of the properties under the lease; and |
| the lessee will stand to incur substantial losses or reap substantial gains depending on how successfully it, through the property managers, who work for the lessees during the terms of the leases, operates the properties. |
In addition, federal income tax law provides that a contract that purports to be a service contract or a partnership agreement will be treated instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such, taking into account all relevant factors, including whether or not:
| the service recipient is in physical possession of the property; |
| the service recipient controls the property; |
| the service recipient has a significant economic or possessory interest in the property, or whether the propertys use is likely to be dedicated to the service recipient for a substantial portion of the useful life of the property, the recipient shares the risk that the property will decline in value, the recipient shares in any appreciation in the value of the property, the recipient shares in savings in the propertys operating costs, or the recipient bears the risk of damage to or loss of the property; |
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| the service provider bears the risk of substantially diminished receipts or substantially increased expenditures if there is nonperformance under the contract; |
| the service provider uses the property concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to the service recipient; and |
| the total contract price substantially exceeds the rental value of the property for the contract period. |
Since the determination of whether a service contract should be treated as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor will not be dispositive in every case.
We believe that our percentage leases will be treated as true leases for federal income tax purposes. Such belief is based, in part, on the following facts:
| the Partnerships, on the one hand, and our TRSs, on the other hand, intend for their relationship to be that of a lessor and lessee, and such relationship is documented by lease agreements; |
| our TRSs have the right to the exclusive possession, use, and quiet enjoyment of the hotels during the term of the percentage leases; |
| our TRSs bear the cost of, and are responsible for, day-to-day maintenance and repair of the hotels and generally dictate how the hotels are operated, maintained, and improved; |
| our TRSs bear all of the costs and expenses of operating the hotels, including the cost of any inventory used in their operation, during the term of the percentage leases, other than, in certain cases, real estate taxes; |
| our TRSs benefit from any savings in the costs of operating the hotels during the term of the percentage leases; |
| our TRSs generally indemnify the Partnerships against all liabilities imposed on the Partnerships during the term of the percentage leases by reason of (1) injury to persons or damage to property occurring at the hotels, (2) our TRSs use, management, maintenance, or repair of the hotels, (3) any environmental liability caused by acts or grossly negligent failures to act of our TRSs, (4) taxes and assessments in respect of the hotels that are the obligations of our TRSs, or (5) any breach of the percentage leases or of any sublease of a hotel by our TRSs; |
| our TRSs are obligated to pay, at a minimum, substantial base rent for the period of use of the hotels; |
| our TRSs stand to incur substantial losses or reap substantial gains depending on how successfully they operate the hotels; |
| the Partnerships cannot use the hotels concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to our TRSs; |
| the total contract price under the percentage leases does not substantially exceed the rental value of the hotels for the term of the percentage leases; |
| each lease, at the time we entered into it enabled the tenant to derive a meaningful profit, after expenses and taking into account the risks associated with the lease, from the operation of the hotels during the term of its leases (and we expect that each lease, at any time it is subsequently renewed or extended, will do the same); and |
| upon termination of each lease, the applicable hotel is expected to have a substantial remaining useful life and substantial remaining fair market value. |
Investors should be aware that there are no controlling Treasury regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions involving leases with terms substantially the same as the percentage leases that discuss whether such
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leases constitute true leases for federal income tax purposes. If the percentage leases are characterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than as true leases, part or all of the payments that the Partnerships receive from our TRSs may not be considered rent or may not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as rents from real property. In that case, we likely would not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test and, as a result, would lose our REIT status. As described above, in order for the rent received by us to constitute rents from real property, several other requirements must be satisfied. One requirement is that the percentage rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. The percentage rent, however, will qualify as rents from real property if it is based on percentages of gross receipts or gross sales and the percentages:
| are fixed at the time the percentage leases are entered into; |
| are not renegotiated during the term of the percentage leases in a manner that has the effect of basing percentage rent on income or profits; and |
| conform with normal business practice. |
More generally, the percentage rent will not qualify as rents from real property if, considering the percentage leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing the percentage rent on income or profits. Since the percentage rent is based on fixed percentages of the gross revenues from the hotels that are established in the percentage leases, and we believe (and have represented to Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP in connection with its opinion) that the percentages (1) will not be renegotiated during the terms of the percentage leases in a manner that has the effect of basing the percentage rent on income or profits and (2) conform with normal business practice, the percentage rent should not be considered based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Furthermore, we anticipate (and have represented to Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP in connection with its opinion) that, with respect to other hotel properties that we acquire in the future, we will not charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person, except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenues, as described above.
Another requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the stock of any corporate lessee or 10% or more of the assets or net profits of any non-corporate lessee (a related party tenant) other than a TRS. All of our hotels are leased to TRSs. In addition, our charter prohibits transfers of our stock that would cause us to own actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in any non-TRS lessee. Based on the foregoing, we should never own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of any lessee other than a TRS. However, because the constructive ownership rules are broad and it is not possible to monitor continually direct and indirect transfers of our stock, no absolute assurance can be given that such transfers or other events of which we have no knowledge will not cause us to own constructively 10% or more of a lessee (or a subtenant, in which case only rent attributable to the subtenant is disqualified) other than a TRS at some future date.
As described above, we may own up to 100% of the capital stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation that generally may engage in any business, including the provision of customary or noncustomary services to tenants of its parent REIT, except that a TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any lodging facilities or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any lodging or health care facility is operated, unless such rights are provided to an eligible independent contractor to operate or manage a lodging or health care facility if such rights are held by the TRS as a franchisee, licensee, or in a similar capacity and such hotel is either owned by the TRS or leased to the TRS by its parent REIT. A TRS will not be considered to operate or manage a qualified lodging facility solely because the TRS directly or indirectly possesses a license, permit, or similar instrument enabling it to do so. Additionally, a TRS that employs individuals working at a qualified lodging facility outside the United States will not be considered to operate or manage a qualified lodging facility located outside of the United States, as long as an eligible independent contractor is responsible for the daily supervision and direction of such individuals on behalf of the
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TRS pursuant to a management agreement or similar service contract. However, rent that we receive from a TRS with respect to any property will qualify as rents from real property as long as the property is a qualified lodging facility and such property is operated on behalf of the TRS by a person from whom we derive no income who is adequately compensated, who does not, directly or through its stockholders, own more than 35% of our shares, taking into account certain ownership attribution rules, and who is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging facilities for any person unrelated to us and the TRS lessee (an eligible independent contractor). A qualified lodging facility is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A qualified lodging facility includes customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging facility as long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other unrelated owners. See Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.
Our TRS lessees engaged Marriott and Hilton, and in the future may engage other independent third-party hotel managers, that qualify as eligible independent contractors to operate the related hotels on behalf of such TRS lessees.
A third requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that the rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with the lease of a hotel must not be greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. The rent attributable to the personal property contained in a hotel is the amount that bears the same ratio to total rent for the taxable year as the average of the fair market values of the personal property at the beginning and at the end of the taxable year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market values of both the real and personal property contained in the hotel at the beginning and at the end of such taxable year (the personal property ratio). With respect to each hotel, we believe either that the personal property ratio is less than 15% or that any income attributable to excess personal property will not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS would not challenge our calculation of a personal property ratio or that a court would not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge were successfully asserted, we could fail to satisfy the 95% or 75% gross income test and thus lose our REIT status.
A fourth requirement for qualification of our rent as rents from real property is that, other than within the 1% de minimis exception described above (i.e., we may provide a minimal amount of non-customary services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property) and other than through a TRS, we cannot furnish or render noncustomary services to the tenants of our hotels, or manage or operate our hotels, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or receive any income. Provided that the percentage leases are respected as true leases, we should satisfy that requirement, because the Partnerships will not perform any services other than customary services for our TRSs. Furthermore, we have represented that, with respect to other hotel properties that we acquire in the future, we will not perform noncustomary services for our TRSs.
If a portion of our rent from a hotel does not qualify as rents from real property because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. If, however, the rent from a particular hotel does not qualify as rents from real property because either (1) the percentage rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related lessee, (2) the lessee is a related party tenant other than a TRS, or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the hotel, or manage or operate the hotel, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a TRS, none of the rent from that hotel would qualify as rents from real property.
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In that case, we likely would be unable to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test and, as a result, would lose our REIT status. However, in either situation, we may still qualify as a REIT if the relief described below under Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests is available to us.
In addition to the rent, our TRSs are required to pay to the Partnerships certain additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges represent either (1) reimbursements of amounts that the Partnerships are obligated to pay to third parties or (2) penalties for nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, such charges should qualify as rents from real property. However, to the extent that such charges represent interest that is accrued on the late payment of the rent or additional charges, such charges will not qualify as rents from real property, but instead should be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.
Interest. The term interest, as defined for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following: (i) an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales, and (ii) an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying rents from real property if received directly by a REIT. Furthermore, to the extent that interest from a loan that is based on the residual cash proceeds from the sale of the property securing the loan constitutes a shared appreciation provision, income attributable to such participation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property.
Dividends. Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any TRS, but excluding any REIT) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends or other distributions received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
COD Income. From time-to-time, we and our subsidiaries may recognize COD income in connection with repurchasing debt at a discount. COD income is excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test.
Foreign Currency Gain. Certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. Real estate foreign exchange gain is excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Real estate foreign exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interest in real property and certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain qualified business units of a REIT. Passive foreign exchange gain is excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain as described above, and also includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations. Because passive foreign exchange gain includes real estate foreign exchange gain, real estate foreign exchange gain is excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. These exclusions for real estate foreign exchange gain and passive foreign exchange gain do not apply to foreign currency gain derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities. Such gain is treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income (including foreign currency gain) derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the facts and
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circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. We believe that none of the assets owned by the Partnerships is held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any such asset would not be to a customer in the ordinary course of the owning entitys business. There are safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot provide assurance, however, that we can comply with such safe-harbor provisions or that the Partnerships will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income (including foreign currency gain) from foreclosure property, other than income that would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of such income. However, gross income from such foreclosure property will qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:
| that is acquired by a REIT as the result of such REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on an indebtedness that such property secured; |
| for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when the REIT had no intent to evict or foreclose or the REIT did not know or have reason to know that default would occur; and |
| for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat such property as foreclosure property. |
However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property with respect to a REIT at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired such property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. The foregoing grace period is terminated and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
| on which a lease is entered into with respect to such property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; |
| on which any construction takes place on such property, other than completion of a building, or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction of such building or other improvement was completed before default became imminent; or |
| which is more than 90 days after the day on which such property was acquired by the REIT and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income. |
As a result of the rules with respect to foreclosure property, if a lessee defaults on its obligations under a percentage lease, we terminate the lessees leasehold interest, and we are unable to find a replacement lessee for the hotel within 90 days of such foreclosure, gross income from hotel operations conducted by us from such hotel would cease to qualify for the 75% and 95% gross income tests unless we are able to hire an independent contractor to manage and operate the hotel. In such event, we might be unable to satisfy the 75% and 95% gross income tests and, thus, might fail to qualify as a REIT.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, floors,
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options to purchase such items, futures and forward contracts. To the extent that we enter into hedging transactions, income arising from clearly identified hedging transactions that are entered into by the REIT in the normal course of business, either directly or through certain subsidiary entities, to manage the risk of interest rate movements, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings or obligations incurred or to be incurred by the REIT to acquire or carry real estate assets is excluded from the 95% income test and the 75% income test. In general, for a hedging transaction to be clearly identified, (A) the transaction must be identified as a hedging transaction before the end of the day on which it is entered into, and (B) the items or risks being hedged must be identified substantially contemporaneously with the hedging transaction, meaning that the identification of the items or risks being hedged must generally occur within 35 days after the date the transaction is entered into. Rules similar to those applicable to income from hedging transactions, discussed above, apply to income arising from transactions that are entered into by the REIT primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain included in the computation of the 95% income test or the 75% income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT. The REIT income and asset rules may limit our ability to hedge loans or securities acquired as investments.
We may enter into derivative transactions to protect against risks not specifically associated with debt incurred to acquire qualified REIT assets. The REIT provisions of the Code limit our income and assets in each year from such derivative transactions. Failure to comply with the asset or income limitations within the REIT provisions of the Code could result in penalty taxes or loss of our REIT status. We may contribute non-qualifying derivatives into our TRSs to preserve our REIT status, which may result in any income from such transactions being subject to federal income taxation.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
| our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; and |
| following our identification of the failure to meet one or both gross income tests for a taxable year, a description of each item of our gross income included in the 75% or 95% gross income tests is set forth in a schedule for such taxable year filed as specified by Treasury regulations. |
We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in Taxation of Our Company, even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the close of each quarter of each taxable year:
| First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of: |
| cash or cash items, including certain receivables; |
| government securities; |
| interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds; |
| interests in mortgages on real property; |
| stock in other REITs; and |
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| investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt with at least a five-year term. |
| Second, except with respect to a TRS, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuers securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. |
| Third, except with respect to a TRS, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or value of any one issuers outstanding securities, or the 10% vote test or the 10% value test, respectively. |
| Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more TRSs. |
For purposes of the second and third asset tests, the term securities does not include stock in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS, or equity interests in a partnership.
For purposes of the 10% value test, the term securities does not include:
| Straight debt securities, which is defined as a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (i) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (ii) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrowers discretion, or similar factors. Straight debt securities do not include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled TRS (i.e., a TRS in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock) hold non-straight debt securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the issuers outstanding securities. However, straight debt securities include debt subject to the following contingencies: |
| a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as either (i) there is no change to the effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield, or (ii) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuers debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be prepaid; and |
| a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice. |
| Any loan to an individual or an estate. |
| Any section 467 rental agreement, other than an agreement with a related party tenant. |
| Any obligation to pay rents from real property. |
| Certain securities issued by governmental entities. |
| Any security issued by a REIT. |
| Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership. |
| Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the partnerships gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in Income Tests. |
For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, without regard to the securities described in the last two bullet points above.
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We monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and seek to manage our assets to comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurances, however, that we will be successful in this effort. In this regard, to determine our compliance with these requirements, we need to estimate the value of the real estate securing our mortgage loans at various times. In addition, we have to value our investment in our other assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests. Although we seek to be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurances that the IRS might not disagree with these determinations and assert that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not satisfy the 75% and the other asset tests and would fail to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if:
| we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and |
| the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets. |
If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
In the event that we violate the second or third asset tests described above at the end of any calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if (i) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (ii) we dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified such failure. In the event of a more than de minimis failure of any of the asset tests, as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT qualification if we (i) dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified such failure, (ii) file a schedule with the IRS describing the assets that caused such failure in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Treasury and (iii) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest rate of federal corporate income tax (currently 35%) of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
Distribution Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:
| the sum of (1) 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain, and (2) 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus |
| the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for such year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration. Any dividends declared in the last three months of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date during such period, will be treated as paid on December 31 of such year if such dividends are distributed during January of the following year.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January following such calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:
| 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; |
| 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and |
| any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, |
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we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distributed. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. See Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of StockDistributions. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between (1) the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and (2) the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, under some of the percentage leases, the percentage rent is not due until after the end of the calendar quarter. In that case, we still would be required to recognize as income the excess of the percentage rent over the base rent paid by the lessee in the calendar quarter to which such excess relates. In addition, we may not deduct recognized net capital losses from our REIT taxable income. Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred shares.
We may satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirements by making taxable distributions of our stock. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and stock. We currently do not intend to pay taxable dividends payable in cash and stock.
In order for distributions to be counted towards our distribution requirement and to give rise to a tax deduction by us, they must not be preferential dividends. A dividend is not a preferential dividend if it is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and is in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in the organizational documents
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping Requirements
To avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding shares of stock. We intend to comply with such requirements.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described in Income Tests and Asset Tests.
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If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no relief provision applied, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax. In calculating our taxable income in a year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders in such year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders would be taxable as regular corporate dividends. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders might be eligible for the dividends received deduction and individual and certain non-corporate trust and estate stockholders may be eligible for a reduced maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 20% on such dividends. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Stock
The term U.S. holder means a holder of our common stock that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a U.S. person. A U.S. person means:
| a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any of its states, or the District of Columbia; |
| an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock by the partnership.
Distributions
As long as we qualify as a REIT, (1) a taxable U.S. holder of our common stock must report as ordinary income distributions that are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits and that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain, and (2) a corporate U.S. holder of our common stock will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. In addition, dividends paid to a U.S. holder generally will not qualify for a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% for qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends from most U.S. corporations but does not generally include REIT dividends. As a result, our ordinary REIT dividends generally will continue to be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income. Currently, the highest marginal individual federal income tax rate on ordinary income is 39.6%. However, the maximum federal income tax rate of 20% for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends, if any, that are (1) attributable to dividends received by us from non-REIT corporations, such as our TRSs, and (2) attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate federal income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold our stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which our stock becomes ex-dividend. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividends received from us.
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A U.S. holder generally will report distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends as long-term capital gain without regard to the period for which the U.S. holder has held our stock. A corporate U.S. holder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay federal income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, a U.S. holder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, to the extent that we designate such amount in a timely notice to such holder. The U.S. holder would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. The U.S. holder would increase the basis in its stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.
To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distribution will not be taxable to a U.S. holder to the extent that it does not exceed the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. holders stock. Instead, such distribution will reduce the adjusted tax basis of such stock. To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. holders adjusted tax basis in its stock, such stockholder will recognize long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the stock has been held for one year or less. The IRS has ruled that if total distributions for two or more classes of stock are in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, dividends must be treated as having been distributed to those stockholders having a priority under the corporate charter before any distribution to stockholders with lesser priority. If we declare a dividend in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. holder of record on a specified date in any such month, such dividend shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. holder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the dividend during January of the following calendar year.
Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, we would carry over such losses for potential offset against our future income generally. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income, and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any passive activity losses, such as losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of the stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations.
We will notify stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
Disposition of Common Stock
In general, a U.S. holder who is not a dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the stock for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, a U.S. holder must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. holder previously has characterized as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. holder realizes upon a taxable disposition of the stock may be disallowed if the U.S. holder purchases the same type of stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and Losses
A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. In general, a U.S. holder will realize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the fair market value of any property and the amount of cash
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received in such disposition and the U.S. holders adjusted tax basis. A U.S. holders adjusted tax basis generally will equal the U.S. holders acquisition cost, increased by the excess of net capital gains deemed distributed to the U.S. holder (discussed above) less tax deemed paid on such gains and reduced by any returns of capital. In general, the maximum federal income tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 20% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year. The maximum federal income tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of section 1250 property, or depreciable real property, is 25% to the extent that such gain, not otherwise treated as ordinary, would have been treated as ordinary income if the property were section 1245 property. In addition, individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on gain from the sale of our common stock. With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable to our non-corporate stockholders at a 20% or 25% federal income tax rate. In addition, the characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay federal income tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate federal income tax rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three years and forward five years.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless such holder:
| comes within certain exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or |
| provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholders income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. See Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Stock.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income. While many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the IRS has issued a published ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income, provided that the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of our stock with debt, a portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income pursuant to the debt-financed property rules. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as
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unrelated business taxable income. Finally, if we are a pension-held REIT, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our shares of stock is required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. That percentage is equal to the gross income that we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our shares of stock only if:
| the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust would be required to treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%; |
| we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our stock be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust (see Taxation of Our CompanyRequirements for Qualification); and |
| either (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (2) a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock. |
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Stock
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of non-U.S. holders of our common stock are complex. A non-U.S. holder means a holder that is not a U.S. holder, as defined above, and is not an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We urge non-U.S. holders to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax laws on ownership of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.
The portion of a distribution that is received by a non-U.S. holder that we cannot designate as a capital gain dividend and that is payable out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits will be subject to U.S. income tax withholding at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid unless either:
| a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. holder files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us; or |
| the non-U.S. holder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income. |
If a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. holders conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. holders are taxed with respect to such distributions. A non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax with respect to a distribution treated as effectively connected with its conduct of a U.S. trade or business, unless reduced or eliminated by a tax treaty.
Except as described in the following paragraph, a non-U.S. holder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A non-U.S. holder will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis of its stock, if the non-U.S. holder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its stock, as described below. If we cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we will treat the entire amount of any distribution as a taxable dividend. However, a non-U.S. holder may obtain a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
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If our stock constitutes a United States real property interest, as defined below, unless we are a domestically-controlled REIT, as defined below or the distribution is with respect to a class of our stock regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States the distribution will give rise to gain from the sale or exchange of such stock, the tax treatment of which is described below and, we must withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, we may withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. holder may incur tax on distributions that are attributable (or deemed so attributable pursuant to applicable Treasury regulations) to gain from our sale or exchange of United States real property interests under special provisions of the federal income tax laws referred to as FIRPTA. The term United States real property interests includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consists of interests in real property. Under those rules, a non-U.S. holder is taxed on distributions attributable (or deemed attributable) to gain from sales of United States real property interests as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States business of the non-U.S. holder. A non-U.S. holder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal rates, including applicable capital gains rates, applicable to U.S. holders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporate holder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. Except as described below with respect to regularly traded stock, we must withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. holder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold. Any distribution with respect to any class of stock which is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States, will not be treated as gain recognized from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest if the non-U.S. holder did not own more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the date of the distribution. As a result, non-U.S. holders generally will be subject to withholding tax on such capital gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to withholding tax on ordinary dividends. Our common stock has been regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States since the completion of the spin-off. If our common stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States or the non-U.S. holder owned more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the date of the distribution, capital gain distributions that are attributable to our sale of real property would be subject to tax under FIRPTA, as described above. Moreover, if a non-U.S. holder disposes of our common stock during the 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a dividend, and such non-U.S. holder (or a person related to such non-U.S. holder) acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our common stock within 61 days of the first day of the 30-day period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment would, but for the disposition, be treated as a United States real property interest capital gain to such non-U.S. holder, then such non-U.S. holder will be treated as having United States real property interest capital gain in an amount that, but for the disposition, would have been treated as United States real property interest capital gain.
Any distribution that is made by a REIT that would otherwise be subject to FIRPTA because the distribution is attributable to the disposition of a United States real property interest shall retain its character as FIRPTA income when distributed to any regulated investment company or other REIT, and shall be treated as if it were from the disposition of a United States real property interest by that regulated investment company or other REIT.
Non-U.S. holders could incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon a disposition of our common stock if we are a United States real property holding corporation during a specified testing period. If at least 50% of a REITs assets are United States real property interests, then the REIT will be a United States real property holding corporation. We anticipate that we will be a United States real property holding corporation based on our investment strategy. However, if we are a United States real property holding corporation, a non-U.S. holder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon a disposition of our
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stock as long as we are a domestically-controlled REIT. A domestically-controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares are held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders. We cannot assure you that that test will be met. However, a non-U.S. holder that owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our stock at all times during a specified testing period will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to any such gain if the stock is regularly traded on an established securities market. As noted above, our common stock has been regularly traded on an established securities market since immediately following the separation and distribution. If the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, and if shares of the applicable class of our common stock were not regularly traded on an established securities market, the purchaser of such common stock would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 10% of the purchase price. If the gain on the sale of the stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. holder would be taxed in the same manner as U.S. holders with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Furthermore, a non-U.S. holder generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holders U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to such gain, or (2) the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. holder will incur a 30% tax on his capital gains.
If we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity and a non-U.S. holder disposes of our stock during the 30-day period preceding a dividend payment, and such non-U.S. holder (or a person related to such non-U.S. holder) acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our stock within 61 days of the first day of the 30-day period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment would, but for the disposition, be treated as a United States real property interest capital gain to such non-U.S. holder, then such non-U.S. holder shall be treated as having United States real property interest capital gain in an amount that, but for the disposition, would have been treated as United States real property interest capital gain.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of distributions on our stock, and backup withholding may apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an exemption.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our stock to or through the U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and, possibly, backup withholding unless the non-U.S. holder certifies as to its non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual knowledge that the stockholder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The proceeds of the disposition by a non-U.S. holder of our stock to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, information reporting generally will apply unless the broker has documentary evidence as to the non-U.S. holders foreign status and has no actual knowledge to the contrary. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a stockholder will be allowed as a credit against such stockholders U.S. federal income tax liability (which might entitle such stockholder to a refund), provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Applicable Treasury Regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of stockholders when payments to the stockholders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payer. Because the application of these Treasury Regulations varies depending on the stockholders particular circumstances, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.
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Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act Withholding
Pursuant to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA, foreign financial institutions (which include most foreign hedge funds, private equity funds, mutual funds, securitization vehicles and any other investment vehicles) and certain other foreign entities must comply with new information reporting rules with respect to their U.S. account holders and investors or be subject to a new withholding tax on U.S.-source payments made to them (whether received as a beneficial owner or as an intermediary for another party). A foreign financial institution or other foreign entity that does not comply with the FATCA reporting requirements will generally be subject to a new 30% withholding tax on withholdable payments. For this purpose, withholdable payments generally include U.S.-source payments (including U.S.-source dividends), as well as the entire gross proceeds from a sale of equity or debt instruments of issuers who are considered U.S. issuers under the FATCA rules. The new FATCA withholding tax will apply even if the payment would otherwise not be subject to U.S. nonresident withholding tax (e.g., because it is capital gain). Applicable Treasury regulations and IRS administrative guidance defer this FATCA withholding obligation until no earlier than July 1, 2014 for payments of dividends on our common stock and until January 1, 2017 for gross proceeds from dispositions of our common stock. We will not pay additional amounts in respect of amounts withheld.
Tax Aspects of Our Investments in the Partnerships
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments in the Partnerships. The discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.
Classification as Partnerships. We are entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnerships income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnerships losses only if such Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity has only one owner or member), rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An organization with at least two owners or members will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:
| is treated as a partnership under Treasury regulations relating to entity classification (the check-the-box regulations); and |
| is not a publicly-traded partnership. |
Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Each Partnership intends to be classified as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity has only one owner or member) for federal income tax purposes, and no Partnership will elect to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the check-the-box regulations.
A publicly-traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A publicly-traded partnership will not, however, be treated as a corporation for any taxable year if 90% or more of the partnerships gross income for such year consists of certain passive-type income, including real property rents (which includes rents that would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, with certain modifications that make it easier for the rents to qualify for the 90% passive income exception), gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the 90% passive income exception).
Treasury regulations (the PTP regulations) provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a publicly-traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors (the private placement exclusion), interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if
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(1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnerships taxable year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owners interest in the entity is attributable to the entitys direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation. We anticipate that each Partnership will qualify for the private placement exclusion.
We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that the Partnerships will be classified as partnerships (or disregarded entities, if the entity has only one owner or member) for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason a Partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership or a disregarded entity, for federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT. See Taxation of Our CompanyIncome Tests and Asset Tests. In addition, any change in a Partnerships status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See Taxation of Our CompanyDistribution Requirements. Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would not be deductible in computing such Partnerships taxable income.
Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their Partners
Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax. A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our allocable share of each Partnerships income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for any taxable year of such Partnership ending within or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive any distribution from such Partnership.
Partnership Allocations. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for federal income tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Each Partnerships allocations of taxable income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits are intended to comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.
Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution (the 704(c) Allocations). The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss (built-in gain or built-in loss) is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a book-tax difference). Any property purchased for cash initially will have an adjusted tax basis equal to its fair market value, resulting in no book-tax difference. A book-tax difference generally is decreased on an annual basis as a result of depreciation deductions to the contributing partner for book purposes but not for tax purposes. The 704(c) Allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. In connection with the separation and distribution, appreciated property was acquired by our operating partnership or one of its subsidiaries in exchange for common units. Our operating
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partnership has a carryover, rather than a fair market value, adjusted tax basis in such contributed assets equal to the adjusted tax basis of the contributors in such assets, resulting in a book-tax difference. As a result of that book-tax difference, we will have a lower adjusted tax basis with respect to that portion of our operating partnerships assets than we would have with respect to assets having a tax basis equal to fair market value at the time of acquisition. This will result in lower depreciation deductions with respect to the portion of our operating partnerships assets attributable to such contributions, which could cause us to be allocated tax gain in excess of book gain in the event of a property disposition.
The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring partnerships to use a reasonable method for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods. Under certain available methods, the carryover basis of contributed properties in the hands of our operating partnership (1) could cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (2) in the event of a sale of such properties, could cause us to be allocated taxable gain in excess of the economic or book gain allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding benefit to the contributing partners. An allocation described in (2) above might cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which may adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and may result in a greater portion of our distributions being taxed as dividends. We have not yet decided what method our operating partnership will use to account for book-tax differences.
Basis in Partnership Interest. Our adjusted tax basis in our partnership interest in the operating partnership generally is equal to:
| the amount of cash and the basis of any other property contributed by us to the operating partnership; |
| increased by our allocable share of the operating partnerships income and gains and our allocable share of indebtedness of the operating partnership; and |
| reduced, but not below zero, by our allocable share of the operating partnerships losses, deductions and credits and the amount of cash distributed to us, and by constructive distributions resulting from a reduction in our share of indebtedness of the operating partnership. |
If the allocation of our distributive share of the operating partnerships loss would reduce the adjusted tax basis of our partnership interest in the operating partnership below zero, the recognition of such loss will be deferred until such time as the recognition of such loss would not reduce our adjusted tax basis below zero. To the extent that the operating partnerships distributions, or any decrease in our share of the indebtedness of the operating partnership, which is considered a constructive cash distribution to the partners, reduce our adjusted tax basis below zero, such distributions will constitute taxable income to us. Such distributions and constructive distributions normally will be characterized as long-term capital gain.
Depreciation Deductions Available to our Operating Partnership. To the extent that our operating partnership acquires its hotels in exchange for cash, its initial basis in such hotels for federal income tax purposes generally was or will be equal to the purchase price paid by our operating partnership. Our operating partnerships initial basis in hotels acquired in exchange for units in our operating partnership should be the same as the transferors basis in such hotels on the date of acquisition by our operating partnership. Although the law is not entirely clear, our operating partnership generally will depreciate such depreciable hotel property for federal income tax purposes over the same remaining useful lives and under the same methods used by the transferors. Our operating partnerships tax depreciation deductions will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective interests in our operating partnership, except to the extent that our operating partnership is required under the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations to use a method for allocating tax depreciation deductions attributable to contributed properties that results in our receiving a disproportionate share of such deductions.
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Sale of a Partnerships Property
Generally, any gain realized by us or a Partnership on the sale of property held for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to the partners who contributed such properties to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners built-in gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the difference between the partners proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution. Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the other properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Partnership.
Our share of any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of any property held by the Partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnerships trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See Taxation of Our CompanyIncome Tests. We, however, do not presently intend to acquire or hold or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold any property that represents inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our or such Partnerships trade or business.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
As of the completion of the spin-off, we owned 100% of the stock of one TRS, which has three subsidiaries, one of which is a TRS, and an indirect interest in another TRS that has TRS subsidiaries. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation for which a TRS election is properly made. A TRS may lease hotels from us under certain circumstances, provide services to our tenants, and perform activities unrelated to our tenants, such as third-party management, development, and other independent business activities. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities of TRSs and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.
A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotels or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any hotel or health care facility is operated. However, rents received by us from a TRS pursuant to a hotel lease will qualify as rents from real property as long as the hotel is operated on behalf of the TRS by a person who satisfies the following requirements:
| such person is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging facilities for any person unrelated to us and the TRS; |
| such person does not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our stock; |
| no more than 35% of such person is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our stock; and |
| we do not directly or indirectly derive any income from such person. |
A qualified lodging facility is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, unless wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A qualified lodging facility includes customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging facility as long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other unrelated owners.
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The TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to us to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and us or our tenants that are not conducted on an arms-length basis. We intend that all of our transactions with any TRS that we form will be conducted on an arms-length basis, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in this regard.
We have formed and made a timely election with respect to our TRSs, which lease each of our properties not owned by a TRS. Additionally, we may form or acquire additional TRSs in the future.
State and Local Taxes
We and/or you may be subject to state and local tax in various states and localities, including those states and localities in which we or you transact business, own property, or reside. The state and local tax treatment in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The present federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Additionally, several of the tax considerations described herein are currently under review and are subject to change. Prospective stockholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our common stock.
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Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC are acting as representatives of each of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an underwriting agreement among us, our operating partnership and the underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each of the underwriters has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase from us, the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below.
Underwriter |
Number
of Shares |
|
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
||
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC |
||
|
||
Total |
||
|
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, the underwriters have agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase all of the shares sold under the underwriting agreement if any of these shares are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the nondefaulting underwriters may be increased or the underwriting agreement may be terminated.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters are offering the shares, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officers certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
Commissions and Discounts
The representatives have advised us that the underwriters propose initially to offer the shares to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $ per share. After the initial offering, the public offering price, concession or any other term of the offering may be changed.
The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares.
Per Share |
Without
Option |
With
Option |
||||||||||
Public offering price |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Underwriting discount |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ | $ |
The expenses of this offering, including the filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the underwriters in connection with the FINRA filings, but not including the underwriting discount, are estimated at $ and are payable by us.
Option to Purchase Additional Shares
We have granted an option to the underwriters, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. If the
227
underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares proportionate to that underwriters initial amount reflected in the above table.
No Sales of Similar Securities
We, our executive officers and directors and certain other existing security holders have agreed not to sell or transfer any common stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for, exercisable for (including common units of our operating partnership), or repayable with common stock, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus without first obtaining the written consent of the representatives. Specifically, we and our executive officers and directors and our other existing security holders have agreed during the 90-day lock-up period, with certain limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly
| offer, pledge, sell or contract to sell any common stock, |
| sell any option or contract to purchase any common stock, |
| purchase any option or contract to sell any common stock, |
| grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of any common stock, |
| lend or otherwise dispose of or transfer any common stock, |
| request or demand that we file a registration statement related to the common stock, or |
| enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequence of ownership of any common stock whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise. |
This lock-up provision applies to common stock and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for (including common partnership units of our operating partnership) or repayable with, common stock. It also applies to common stock and such securities owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition. In the event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the lock-up period referred to above, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the lock-up period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.
NYSE Listing
The shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol AHP.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions
Until the distribution of our shares is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our common stock. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of our common stock, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in this offering. Covered short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters option to purchase additional shares described above. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their option to purchase additional shares or purchasing shares
228
in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the option granted to them. Naked short sales are sales in excess of such option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of shares of common stock made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of this offering.
Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Electronic Distribution
In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail.
Other Relationships
Some of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings, including serving as lenders to us, in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions. Affiliates of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC are lenders under our $150 million secured revolving credit facility. As of December 18, 2013, there were no borrowings outstanding under the credit facility. In connection with their participation in our revolving credit facility, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC or their affiliates receive customary fees. In addition, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated acted in an advisory capacity in connection with our spin-off from Ashford Trust.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the European Economic Area
In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), including each Relevant Member State that has implemented the 2010 PD Amending Directive with regard to persons to whom an offer of securities is addressed and the denomination per unit of the offer of securities (each, an Early Implementing Member State), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the
229
Relevant Implementation Date), no offer of shares will be made to the public in that Relevant Member State (other than offers (the Permitted Public Offers) where a prospectus will be published in relation to the shares that has been approved by the competent authority in a Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive), except that with effect from and including that Relevant Implementation Date, offers of shares may be made to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:
A. | to qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive, including: |
(a) | (in the case of Relevant Member States other than Early Implementing Member States), legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities, or any legal entity which has two or more of (i) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (ii) a total balance sheet of more than 43.0 million and (iii) an annual turnover of more than 50.0 million as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; or |
(b) | (in the case of Early Implementing Member States), persons or entities that are described in points (1) to (4) of Section I of Annex II to Directive 2004/39/EC, and those who are treated on request as professional clients in accordance with Annex II to Directive 2004/39/EC, or recognized as eligible counterparties in accordance with Article 24 of Directive 2004/39/EC unless they have requested that they be treated as non-professional clients; or |
B. | to fewer than 100 (or, in the case of Early Implementing Member States, 150) natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted in the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or |
C. | in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, |
provided that no such offer of shares shall result in a requirement for the publication of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive or of a supplement to a prospectus pursuant to Article 16 of the Prospectus Directive.
Each person in a Relevant Member State (other than a Relevant Member State where there is a Permitted Public Offer) who initially acquires any shares or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that (A) it is a qualified investor, and (B) in the case of any shares acquired by it as a financial intermediary, as that term is used in Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, (x) the shares acquired by it in the offering have not been acquired on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in any Relevant Member State other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive, or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the Subscribers has been given to the offer or resale, or (y) where shares have been acquired by it on behalf of persons in any Relevant Member State other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive, the offer of those shares to it is not treated under the Prospectus Directive as having been made to such persons.
For the purpose of the above provisions, the expression an offer to the public in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer of any shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares, as the same may be varied in the Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in the Relevant Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC (including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, in the case of Early Implementing Member States) and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State and the expression 2010 PD Amending Directive means Directive 2010/73/EU.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Switzerland
We have not and will not register with the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) as a foreign collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 of the Federal Act on Collective Investment
230
Scheme of 23 June 2006, as amended (CISA), and accordingly the shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus have not and will not be approved, and may not be licenseable, with FINMA. Therefore, the shares have not been authorized for distribution by FINMA as a foreign collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 CISA and the shares offered hereby may not be offered to the public (as this term is defined in Article 3 CISA) in or from Switzerland. The shares may solely be offered to qualified investors, as this term is defined in Article 10 CISA, and in the circumstances set out in Article 3 of the Ordinance on Collective Investment Scheme of 22 November 2006, as amended (CISO), such that there is no public offer. Investors, however, do not benefit from protection under CISA or CISO or supervision by FINMA. This prospectus and any other materials relating to the shares are strictly personal and confidential to each offeree and do not constitute an offer to any other person. This prospectus may only be used by those qualified investors to whom it has been handed out in connection with the offer described herein and may neither directly or indirectly be distributed or made available to any person or entity other than its recipients. It may not be used in connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be copied and/or distributed to the public in Switzerland or from Switzerland. This prospectus does not constitute an issue prospectus as that term is understood pursuant to Article 652a and/or 1156 of the Swiss Federal Code of Obligations. We have not applied for a listing of the shares on the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated securities market in Switzerland, and consequently, the information presented in this prospectus does not necessarily comply with the information standards set out in the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange and corresponding prospectus schemes annexed to the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre
This prospectus relates to an exempt offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA). This prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with exempt offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for this prospectus. The shares to which this prospectus relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Australia
No placement document, prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document has been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), in relation to the offering. This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act 2001 (the Corporations Act), and does not purport to include the information required for a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act.
Any offer in Australia of the shares may only be made to persons (the Exempt Investors) who are sophisticated investors (within the meaning of section 708(8) of the Corporations Act), professional investors (within the meaning of section 708(11) of the Corporations Act) or otherwise pursuant to one or more exemptions contained in section 708 of the Corporations Act so that it is lawful to offer the shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act.
The shares applied for by Exempt Investors in Australia must not be offered for sale in Australia in the period of 12 months after the date of allotment under the offering, except in circumstances where disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act would not be required pursuant to an exemption under section 708 of the Corporations Act or otherwise or where the offer is pursuant to a disclosure document which complies with Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. Any person acquiring shares must observe such Australian on-sale restrictions.
231
This prospectus contains general information only and does not take account of the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person. It does not contain any securities recommendations or financial product advice. Before making an investment decision, investors need to consider whether the information in this prospectus is appropriate to their needs, objectives and circumstances, and, if necessary, seek expert advice on those matters.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Hong Kong
The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to professional investors as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a prospectus as defined in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to professional investors as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom
In addition, in the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer subsequently made may only be directed at persons who are qualified investors (as defined in the Prospectus Directive) (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19 (5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the Order) and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as relevant persons). This document must not be acted on or relied on in the United Kingdom by persons who are not relevant persons. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity to which this document relates is only available to, and will be engaged in with, relevant persons.
232
Certain legal matters, including our status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be passed upon for us by Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters by Hunton & Williams LLP. Certain Maryland law matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Hogan Lovells US LLP.
The consolidated balance sheet of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries at September 30, 2013 appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The combined consolidated financial statements of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and the schedule as of December 31, 2012 appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The combined financial statements of Ashford Crystal Gateway at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements of Pier House Joint Venture as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, included in this prospectus have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their report appearing herein, and are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits, schedules and amendments filed with this registration statement, under the Securities Act with respect to our common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and our common stock to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the exhibit to which the reference relates. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Exchange Act.
You may review a copy of our SEC filings, including the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules, at the SECs public reference room, located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you on the SECs Web site at www.sec.gov .
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | ||||
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Subsidiaries |
||||
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Statements |
||||
F-4 | ||||
F-5 | ||||
F-6 | ||||
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Statements |
F-7 | |||
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Subsidiaries |
||||
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements |
||||
F-15 | ||||
F-16 | ||||
F-17 | ||||
The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels |
||||
Audited Combined Consolidated Financial Statements |
||||
F-19 | ||||
F-20 | ||||
F-21 | ||||
Combined Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
F-22 | |||
F-23 | ||||
F-24 | ||||
F-25 | ||||
F-41 | ||||
Unaudited Interim Combined Consolidated Financial Statements |
||||
F-42 | ||||
F-43 | ||||
Condensed Combined Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss |
F-44 | |||
F-45 | ||||
F-46 | ||||
Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements |
F-47 | |||
Pier House Resort |
||||
Audited Financial Statements |
||||
F-57 | ||||
F-58 | ||||
F-59 | ||||
F-60 | ||||
F-61 | ||||
F-62 | ||||
Unaudited Interim Condensed Financial Statements |
||||
F-67 | ||||
F-68 |
F-1
Page | ||||
F-69 | ||||
F-70 | ||||
F-71 | ||||
Unaudited Interim Combined Financial Statements |
||||
F-74 | ||||
Condensed Combined Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss |
F-75 | |||
F-76 | ||||
F-77 | ||||
F-78 | ||||
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
||||
Audited Combined Financial Statements |
||||
F-85 | ||||
F-86 | ||||
F-87 | ||||
F-88 | ||||
F-89 | ||||
F-90 | ||||
Unaudited Interim Combined Financial Statements |
||||
F-99 | ||||
Condensed Combined Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
F-100 | |||
F-101 | ||||
F-102 | ||||
F-103 |
F-2
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and for the year ended December 31, 2012 have been derived from the historical (i) consolidated financial statements of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries (Ashford Prime), (ii) combined consolidated financial statements of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels (the Hotel Group), (iii) financial statements of the Pier House Resort, and (iv) combined financial statements of the Crystal Gateway Marriott.
The pro forma adjustments give effect to the following separate transactions:
| the historical financial results of the Hotel Group; |
| the contribution of $145.3 million of capital for common units of limited partnership interests (common units) in Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership (the Ashford Prime OP); |
| the completion of the separation and distribution, including the distribution of Ashford Primes common stock to stockholders of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (Ashford Trust) and the related transfer to Ashford Prime from Ashford Trust of Ashford Trusts taxable REIT subsidiaries, that lease Ashford Primes hotels; |
| the issuance of 16,000 shares of common stock of Ashford Prime to Ashford Primes non-employee directors upon completion of the separation and distribution; |
| the sale of shares of common stock in the offering contemplated by this prospectus at an assumed public offering price of $ per share, net of the underwriting discount and offering costs; and |
| the exercise of the options to acquire Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott as we consider it probable that the options will be exercised. |
The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 is presented to reflect adjustments to Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries consolidated balance sheet as if the separation and distribution offering and the related transactions were completed on September 30, 2013. The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 are presented as if the separation and distribution and the related transactions were completed on January 1, 2012.
The following unaudited pro forma financial statements should be read in conjunction with (i) Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, (ii) the Hotel Groups historical combined consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, (iii) the Pier House Resorts historical financial statements as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and (iv) the Crystal Gateway Marriotts historical combined financial statements as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. We have based the unaudited pro forma adjustments on available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The following unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position would have been as of September 30, 2013 assuming the separation and distribution and the related transactions had been completed on September 30, 2013 or what actual results of operations would have been for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 assuming the separation and distribution and the related transactions had been completed on January 1, 2012, nor are they indicative of future results of operations or financial condition and should not be viewed as indicative of future results of operations or financial condition.
F-3
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
SEPTEMBER 30, 2013
(in thousands)
Ashford
Hospitality Prime, Inc. Historical Consolidated (A) |
Hotel Group
Combined Consolidated (B) |
Separation
Adjustments |
Taxable
REIT Subsidiaries (F) |
Capital
Raise (M) |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort (C) |
Pro
Forma Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal
Gateway Marriott (D) |
Pro
Forma Options Exercised |
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Assets |
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Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | | $ | 765,994 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 765,994 | $ | 89,094 | $ | 858,674 | $ | 113,271 | $ | 1,091,174 | ||||||||||||||||||||
3,586 | (J) | 119,229 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
1 | 14,088 | 145,343 | (E) | (6,049 | ) | 135,480 | 3,698 | 114,509 | 50 | 112,384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(17,902 | ) (G) | (24,669 | ) (K) | (2,175 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1 | ) (H) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash |
| 6,951 | | | | 6,951 | 300 | 7,251 | 542 | 7,793 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |
| 9,975 | | | | 9,975 | 209 | 10,184 | 1,864 | 12,048 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventories |
| 284 | | | | 284 | 82 | 366 | 85 | 451 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes receivable, net of allowance |
| 8,098 | | | | 8,098 | | 8,098 | | 8,098 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred costs, net |
| 2,379 | | | | 2,379 | 1,737 | 2,379 | 447 | 2,379 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1,737 | ) | (447 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
| 2,544 | | | | 2,544 | 657 | 3,201 | 998 | 4,199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets |
| 5 | | | | 5 | 39 | 44 | | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
| 1,155 | | | | 1,155 | | 1,155 | 2,295 | 1,155 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2,295 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible asset, net |
| 2,654 | | | | 2,654 | | 2,654 | | 2,654 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
| 18,619 | | | | 18,619 | | 18,619 | 9,402 | 28,021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 1 | $ | 832,746 | $ | 127,440 | $ | (6,049 | ) | $ | | $ | 954,138 | $ | 72,996 | $ | 1,027,134 | $ | 243,266 | $ | 1,270,400 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Liabilities and Equity |
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Liabilities: |
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Indebtedness |
$ | | $ | 624,029 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 624,029 | $ | 69,000 | $ | 693,029 | $ | 101,604 | $ | 810,655 | ||||||||||||||||||||
16,022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
| 18,635 | | | | 18,635 | 3,927 | 22,562 | 2,628 | 25,190 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unfavorable management contract liabilities |
| 514 | | | | 514 | | 514 | 5,863 | 6,377 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
| 693 | | | | 693 | | 693 | | 693 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
| 4,728 | | | | 4,728 | 69 | 4,797 | | 4,797 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | | $ | 648,599 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 648,599 | $ | 72,996 | $ | 721,595 | $ | 126,117 | $ | 847,712 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership (I) |
| | 65,004 | (6,049 | ) | | 103,942 | | 103,942 | 117,149 | 221,091 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(6,319 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owners equity of the Company |
1 | 186,583 | (65,004 | ) | | 204,033 | | 204,033 | | 204,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(51,306 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6,319 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
145,343 | (E) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(17,902 | ) (G) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1 | ) (H) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
275 | (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(275 | ) (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities |
| (2,436 | ) | | | | (2,436 | ) | | (2,436 | ) | | (2,436 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total equity |
1 | 184,147 | 17,449 | | | 201,597 | | 201,597 | | 201,597 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 1 | $ | 832,746 | $ | 127,440 | $ | (6,049 | ) | $ | | $ | 954,138 | $ | 72,996 | $ | 1,027,134 | $ | 243,266 | $ | 1,270,400 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Hotel Group
Historical Combined Consolidated (AA) |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort (BB) |
Pro
Forma Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal Gateway
Marriott (CC) |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 160,811 | $ | | $ | 160,811 | $ | 14,318 | $ | 175,129 | $ | 34,750 | $ | 209,879 | ||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
50,784 | | 50,784 | 2,997 | 53,781 | 14,928 | 68,709 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
9,593 | | 9,593 | 1,376 | 10,969 | 1,964 | 12,933 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
221,188 | | 221,188 | 18,691 | 239,879 | 51,642 | 291,521 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
37,001 | | 37,001 | 2,102 | 39,103 | 7,892 | 46,995 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
33,377 | | 33,377 | 2,493 | 35,870 | 9,731 | 45,601 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
59,013 | | 59,013 | 864 | 59,877 | 13,956 | 73,833 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
9,360 | | 9,360 | 935 | 9,921 | 1,549 | 11,470 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(374 | ) (JJ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
138,751 | | 138,751 | 6,020 | 144,771 | 33,128 | 177,899 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
10,236 | | 10,236 | 7,059 | 17,295 | 2,596 | 19,891 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,549 | | 29,549 | 1,489 | 31,530 | 5,836 | 40,651 | |||||||||||||||||||||
492 | (KK) | 3,285 | (KK) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
10,846 | 6,745 | (DD) | 23,221 | 483 | (DD) | 23,721 | 1,668 | 26,424 | |||||||||||||||||||
7,912 | (EE) | | (GG) | 1,652 | (DD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
275 | (FF) | 17 | (HH) | (647 | ) (GG) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(2,752 | ) (GG) | 30 | (HH) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
195 | (HH) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
189,382 | 12,375 | 201,757 | 15,560 | 217,317 | 47,548 | 264,865 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Operating income |
31,806 | (12,375 | ) | 19,431 | 3,131 | 22,562 | 4,094 | 26,656 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
29 | | 29 | 47 | 76 | 11 | 87 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(31,244 | ) | | (31,244 | ) | (1,626 | ) | (34,812 | ) | (6,630 | ) | (41,442 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(1,942 | ) (MM) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
591 | (12,375 | ) | (11,784 | ) | (390 | ) | (12,174 | ) | (2,525 | ) | (14,699 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(4,384 | ) | | (4,384 | ) | | (4,549 | ) | (1,303 | ) | (5,268 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
(165 | ) (LL) | 584 | (LL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(3,793 | ) | (12,375 | ) | (16,168 | ) | (555 | ) | (16,723 | ) | (3,244 | ) | (19,967 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(752 | ) | | (752 | ) | | (752 | ) | | (752 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership (II) |
| 5,973 | 5,973 | 196 | 6,169 | 1,145 | 7,314 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,545 | ) | $ | (6,402 | ) | $ | (10,947 | ) | $ | (359 | ) | $ | (11,306 | ) | $ | (2,099 | ) | $ | (13,405 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Basic outstanding shares |
N/A | 16,045 | (NN) | 16,045 | (NN) | 16,045 | (NN) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic EPS |
N/A | $ | (0.68 | ) (NN) | $ | (0.70 | ) (NN) | $ | (0.84 | ) (NN) | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted outstanding shares |
N/A | 16,045 | (OO) | 16,045 | (OO) | 16,045 | (PP) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS |
N/A | $ | (0.68 | ) (OO) | $ | (0.70 | ) (OO) | $ | (0.84 | ) (PP) |
See Notes to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Hotel Group
Historical Combined Consolidated (AA) |
Separation
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
No Options Exercised |
Pier House
Resort (BB) |
Pro
Forma Pier House Option Exercised |
Crystal Gateway
Marriott (CC) |
Pro Forma
Options Exercised |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 132,852 | $ | | $ | 132,852 | $ | 11,728 | $ | 144,580 | $ | 25,711 | $ | 170,291 | ||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
37,799 | | 37,799 | 2,342 | 40,141 | 10,995 | 51,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
7,737 | | 7,737 | 1,076 | 8,813 | 1,914 | 10,727 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
178,388 | | 178,388 | 15,146 | 193,534 | 38,620 | 232,154 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rooms |
30,183 | | 30,183 | 1,613 | 31,796 | 6,262 | 38,058 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
25,323 | | 25,323 | 1,830 | 27,153 | 7,508 | 34,661 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense |
46,599 | | 46,599 | 2,399 | 48,998 | 10,090 | 59,088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
7,651 | | 7,651 | 630 | 8,105 | 1,158 | 9,263 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(176 | ) (JJ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
109,756 | | 109,756 | 6,296 | 116,052 | 25,018 | 141,070 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
8,705 | | 8,705 | 3,145 | 11,850 | 2,084 | 13,934 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | | 22,864 | 1,385 | 24,350 | 3,309 | 31,191 | |||||||||||||||||||||
101 | (KK) | 3,532 | (KK) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction cost |
| | | 872 | 872 | | 872 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
9,222 | 5,340 | (DD) | 12,667 | 378 | 13,210 | 1,418 | 15,383 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(2,059 | ) (GG) | 362 | (DD) | 1,239 | (DD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
164 | (HH) | (212 | ) (GG) | (509 | ) (GG) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | (HH) | 25 | (HH) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
150,547 | 3,445 | 153,992 | 12,342 | 166,334 | 36,116 | 202,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Operating income |
27,841 | (3,445 | ) | 24,396 | 2,804 | 27,200 | 2,504 | 29,704 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
19 | | 19 | | 19 | 4 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(24,571 | ) | | (24,571 | ) | (901 | ) | (27,240 | ) | (4,893 | ) | (32,133 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(1,768 | ) (MM) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | | (1,971 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(31 | ) | | (31 | ) | (109 | ) | (140 | ) | | (140 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,287 | (3,445 | ) | (2,158 | ) | 26 | (2,132 | ) | (2,385 | ) | (4,517 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(2,255 | ) | | (2,255 | ) | (56 | ) | (2,376 | ) | (951 | ) | (2,951 | ) | |||||||||||||||
(65 | ) (LL) | 376 | (LL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(968 | ) | (3,445 | ) | (4,413 | ) | (95 | ) | (4,508 | ) | (2,960 | ) | (7,468 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest |
575 | | 575 | | 575 | | 575 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership (II) |
| 1,355 | 1,355 | 34 | 1,389 | 1,045 | 2,434 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (2,090 | ) | $ | (2,483 | ) | $ | (61 | ) | $ | (2,544 | ) | $ | (1,915 | ) | $ | (4,459 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Basic outstanding shares |
N/A | 16,045 | (NN) | 16,045 | (NN) | 16,045 | (NN) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic EPS |
N/A | $ | (0.15 | ) (NN) | $ | (0.16 | ) (NN) | $ | (0.28 | ) (NN) | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted outstanding shares |
N/A | 16,045 | (OO) | 16,045 | (OO) | 16,045 | (PP) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted EPS |
N/A | $ | (0.15 | ) (OO) | $ | (0.16 | ) (OO) | $ | (0.28 | ) (PP) |
See Notes to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands)
1. Basis of Presentation
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (Ashford Prime) is a newly formed, externally-advised Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high RevPAR, luxury, upper-upscale and upscale hotels. Ashford Primes hotels will be located predominantly in domestic and international gateway markets. Concurrent with the separation and distribution, Ashford Prime acquired interests in eight hotel properties, which Ashford Prime collectively refers to as its properties, and options to acquire Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott from Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (Ashford Trust OP).
Ashford Prime was formed as a Maryland corporation on April 5, 2013. Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, Ashford Primes operating partnership (the Ashford Prime OP), was formed as a Delaware limited partnership on April 5, 2013. Ashford Prime OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Prime, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 5, 2013 and owns the general partnership interest in Ashford Prime OP. Ashford Prime OP Limited Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Prime, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 5, 2013 and owns a limited partnership interest in Ashford Prime OP.
Ashford Prime has filed a Registration Statement on Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to the separation and distribution. Ashford Prime's operations are carried on through Ashford Prime OP. Ashford Prime owns indirectly approximatley 64.7% of Ashford Prime OP and has control of Ashford Prime OP, as determined under the consolidation rules of generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, Ashford Prime will consolidate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Ashford Prime OP.
2. Adjustments to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Balance Sheet
The adjustments to the pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 are as follows:
(A) | Represents the historical consolidated balance sheet of Ashford Prime as of September 30, 2013. Ashford Prime was incorporated on April 5, 2013 and has had no activity since its inception other than the issuance of 100 shares of common stock for $10 per share that was initially funded with cash. |
(B) | Represents the historical combined consolidated balance sheet of the Hotel Group as of September 30, 2013. |
(C) | Represents the exercise of an option to acquire the Pier House Resort as of September 30, 2013. |
In connection with the separation and distribution, Ashford Prime entered into an option agreement with Ashford Trust to acquire the Pier House Resort. Pursuant to the Pier House Resort option agreement, Ashford Prime will have an 18 month option to acquire the Pier House Resort. The purchase price for the Pier House Resort for the initial six month option period will be $92.7 million, which is the $90 million purchase price that Ashford Trust paid to acquire the property in May 2013 plus $872,000 of out of pocket costs Ashford Trust incurred in connection with the acquisition and $1.8 million of costs associated with the $69 million financing. The purchase price will increase by 1% (excluding any amount attributable to owner funded capital expenditures) during months six through 12 of the option period and an additional 1% during the final six months of the option period. In each case, the purchase price will be reduced by the outstanding principal amounts of any mortgage and mezzanine loans assumed by Ashford Prime or its subsidiaries on the closing date. The purchase price for the Pier House Resort is payable in cash or common units of Ashford Prime OP, at Ashford Trusts option. For purposes of the unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements, management has assumed the purchase price for the Pier House Resort will be $92.7 million, adjusted for working capital and a $69.0 million loan assumed
F-7
by Ashford Prime, resulting in a cash payment of $23.4 million. Management believes the purchase price approximates fair value because it is based on the purchase price recently negotiated by Ashford Trust with a third-party plus the enhanced value of the property due to the assumable financing being put in place by Ashford Trust as well as the current title policy and diligence reports that will be delivered to Ashford Prime at the time of the exercise of the option. Management believes that the 1% increase in the purchase price during months six through 12 and the additional 1% increase in the purchase price in the final six months of the option period approximates the expected increase in fair market value over the period of the option agreement. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition based on a third party appraisal.
Pier House Resort is recorded at acquisition cost and depreciated using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment, 39 years for building and improvements and 15 years for land improvements). The estimated allocation of the purchase price for the Pier House Resort is as follows:
Pier House
Resort |
||||
Land |
$ | 56,900 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
29,680 | |||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
6,100 | |||
|
|
|||
Allocated purchase price |
92,680 |
The following table reconciles the historical assets and liabilities of the Pier House Resort as of September 30, 2013 to the pro forma balances included in the pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013:
As of September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Historical
Pier House Resort |
Acquisition
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Pier House Resort |
||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 89,094 | $ | 3,586 | (i) | $ | 92,680 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
3,698 | (24,669 | )(ii) | (20,971 | ) | |||||||
Restricted cash |
300 | | (ii) | 300 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable |
209 | | (ii) | 209 | ||||||||
Inventories |
82 | | (ii) | 82 | ||||||||
Deferred costs, net |
1,737 | (1,737 | )(iii) | | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
657 | | (ii) | 657 | ||||||||
Derivative assets |
39 | | (ii) | 39 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total assets |
$ | 95,816 | $ | (22,820 | ) | $ | 72,996 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 69,000 |
$
|
|
(iii) |
$ | 69,000 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
3,927 | | (ii) | 3,927 | ||||||||
Other liabilities |
69 | | (ii) | 69 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 72,996 | $ | | $ | 72,996 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(i) | Represents the preliminary adjustment required to record step-up in hotel property to fair value. |
(ii) | Assumes working capital at September 30, 2013 was acquired and approximates fair value. |
(iii) | Represents the preliminary adjustment required to record the indebtedness at fair value and remove deferred loan costs not acquired. |
F-8
(D) | Represents the exercise of an option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott as of September 30, 2013 and the assumption of $101.6 million in debt. |
In connection with the separation and distribution, Ashford Prime entered into an option agreement with Ashford Trust to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott. The Crystal Gateway Marriott option agreement provides Ashford Prime with an option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott from Ashford Trust beginning six months from the date of the separation and distribution and extending for 12 months from such date. The purchase price for this hotel will be equal to the fair market value at the time the option is exercised, based on an appraisal process. The purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott is payable in common units of Ashford Prime OP only. For purposes of the unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements, management has assumed the purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott will be $232.5 million based on managements estimate of current market value. We utilized several acceptable valuation methods including discounted cash flow analysis based on future expected operating results and a sales comparison approach for similar asset trades.
Additionally, we estimated that the preliminary fair value of the land is approximately 15% of the $232.5 million fair value based on current ad valorem tax value percentages. We assigned a preliminary value of 10% of the fair value to furniture, fixtures and equipment with the remaining preliminary value attributed to the building. Our preliminary estimate is that the current carrying value of the unfavorable contract liability of $5.9 million at September 30, 2013 approximates fair value as the current carrying value is based on current market rates. We also estimate that the fair value of the fixed rate debt exceeds the carrying value by $16.0 million based on Ashford Trusts estimate of fair value, which was based on future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates. We estimate the carrying value of the working capital as of September 30, 2013 approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Crystal Gateway Marriott is recorded at acquisition cost and depreciated using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment, 39 years for building and improvements and 15 years for land improvements). The allocation of purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott is as follows:
Crystal Gateway
Marriott |
||||
Land |
$ | 34,875 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
174,375 | |||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
23,250 | |||
|
|
|||
Allocated purchase price |
232,500 |
F-9
The following table reconciles the historical assets and liabilities of the Crystal Gateway Marriott as of September 30, 2013 to the pro forma balances included in the pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013:
As of September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Historical
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
Acquisition
Adjustments |
Pro Forma
Crystal Gateway Marriott |
||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 113,271 | $ | 119,229 | (i) | $ | 232,500 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
50 | | (ii) | (2,125 | ) | |||||||
(2,175 | )(vi) | |||||||||||
Restricted cash |
542 | | (ii) | 542 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |
1,864 | | (ii) | 1,864 | ||||||||
Inventories |
85 | | (ii) | 85 | ||||||||
Deferred costs, net |
447 | (447 | )(iii) | | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
998 | | (ii) | 998 | ||||||||
Other assets |
2,295 | (2,295 | )(iv) | | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
9,402 | | (ii) | 9,402 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total assets |
$ | 128,954 | $ | 114,312 | $ | 243,266 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 101,604 | $ | 16,022 | (iii) | $ | 117,626 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
2,628 | | (ii) | 2,628 | ||||||||
Unfavorable management contract liabilities |
5,863 | | (v) | 5,863 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 110,095 | $ | 16,022 | $ | 126,117 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(i) | Represents the preliminary adjustment required to record step-up in hotel property to fair value. |
(ii) | Assumes working capital at September 30, 2013 was acquired and approximates fair value. |
(iii) | Represents the preliminary adjustment required to record the indebtedness at fair value and remove deferred loan costs not acquired. |
(iv) | Represents the adjustment required to remove the deferred tax asset not acquired. |
(v) | Represents the preliminary adjustment required to record the unfavorable management contract at fair value. |
(vi) | Represents $2.2 million of cash to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott taxable REIT subsidiary. |
(E) | Reflects the contribution of $145.3 million of capital by Ashford Trust in exchange for common units of Ashford Prime OP. |
(F) | Reflects the $6 million cash consideration given in connection with the acquisition of the TRS subsidiaries. Since the transaction will be accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control, the $6 million is treated as a distribution. |
(G) | Reflects an estimate of transaction costs related to the separation and distribution, including expenditures associated with (i) the attainment of lender consents to transfer Ashford Primes eight initial hotel properties from Ashford Trust OP to Ashford Prime OP, (ii) legal, accounting, tax and other advisory fees, (iii) transfer taxes, and (iv) other estimated expenses (e.g., acquisition costs related to the Pier House Resort and Crystal Gateway Marriott). |
(H) | Reflects the redemption of 100 outstanding shares of common stock of Ashford Prime. |
F-10
(I) | Reflects the ownership of common units of Ashford Prime OP by Ashford Trust OP, officers and directors of Ashford Prime, officers and directors of Ashford Trust and Common B unit holders in Ashford Trust OP. The adjustments to the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership line item were calculated as follows: |
Separation Adjustments
(i) | $65.0 million represents the 35.3% noncontrolling interest in the $184.1 million total equity of Ashford Prime. The 35.3% represents the 20% ownership of Ashford Prime OP common units by Ashford Trust and the 15.3% ownership of Ashford Prime OP common units by officers and directors of Ashford Prime and officers and directors of Ashford Trust as a result of the separation. |
(ii) | $51.3 million represents the 35.3% noncontrolling interest in the $145.3 million owners equity associated with footnote (E) above. |
(iii) | $(6.3) million represents the 35.3% noncontrolling interest in the $(17.9) million owners equity associated with footnote (G) above. |
Crystal Gateway Marriott
(iv) | $117.1 million represents the fair value of the common units of Ashford Prime OP issued to Ashford Trust upon exercising the Crystal Gateway Marriott option and is further explained in footnote (D) above. |
(J) | Reflects the step-up to fair market value (FMV) for the acquisition of the Pier House Resort. |
(K) | Reflects the net cash purchase price for the acquisition of the Pier House Resort. |
(L) | Represents stock based compensation associated with initial stock grants, which are immediately vested, with an estimated value of $55,000 to each of the five independent members of the Board of Directors of Ashford Prime. |
(M) | Represents gross cash proceeds of $ million less the % underwriter discount of approximately $ million and approximately $ million of estimated offering expenses (assuming no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares occurs) and owner's equity from the issuance of shares of common stock at an estimated price to the public of $ per share (the closing stock price on , 2013) in this offering. |
3. Adjustments to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations
The adjustments to the pro forma combined consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are as follows:
(AA) | Represents the historical combined consolidated statements of operations of the Hotel Group for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
(BB) | Represents the historical statements of operations of the Pier House Resort for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
(CC) | Represents the historical combined statements of operations of the Crystal Gateway Marriott for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
(DD) |
Represents an estimate of the base fee payable to Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, Ashford Primes external advisor pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement. The base fee will be equal to 0.70% per annum of the total enterprise value of Ashford Prime, subject to a minimum quarterly base fee. The total enterprise value for purposes of determining the base fee will be calculated on a quarterly basis as (i) the average of the volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock for each trading day of the preceding quarter multiplied by the average number of shares of our common stock and common units outstanding during such quarter, on a fully-diluted basis (assuming all common units and long term incentive partnership units in the operating partnership which have achieved economic parity with common units in the operating partnership have been converted to common stock |
F-11
in the company), plus (ii) the quarterly average of the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners proportionate share of consolidated debt), plus (iii) the quarterly average of the liquidation value of our outstanding preferred equity. |
To determine the appropriate pro forma adjustment for the base fee without any options being exercised, the total enterprise value of Ashford Trust was calculated pursuant to the definition of total enterprise value above. A portion of the total enterprise value was then allocated to Ashford Prime based on the pro forma total asset value of Ashford Prime as compared to Ashford Trust. The contractual advisory fee of 0.70% per annum was then applied to the total enterprise value allocated to Ashford Prime for purposes of making the pro forma adjustment. This calculation reflects an estimated base fee greater than the minimum base fee provided in the advisory agreement. However, the calculation is an estimate based on the historical total enterprise value of Ashford Trust and may not accurately reflect the total enterprise value of Ashford Prime following the separation and distribution. As a result, the pro forma base advisory fee adjustment may be understated.
If Ashford Prime acquires the Pier House Resort, the total enterprise value of Ashford Prime will be increased by the amount of debt that will be assumed in connection with the acquisition, based on the contractual formula for calculating total enterprise value. For pro forma purposes, as described in (L) above, management has estimated that $69.0 million of debt will be assumed in connection with the acquisition of the Pier House Resort. Accordingly, to estimate the incremental base fee attributable to the Pier House Resort acquisition, the 0.7% base management fee was applied to the $69.0 million of debt that will be assumed in connection with the exercise of the option to acquire the Pier House Resort. This calculation is an estimate and may not accurately reflect the incremental base fee attributable to the Pier House Resort acquisition.
The option purchase price payable for the Crystal Gateway Marriott is payable in common units of Ashford Prime OP. For pro forma purposes, as described in (D) above, management has assumed a purchase price for the Crystal Gateway Marriott of $234.8 million (which includes working capital) and the assumption of related debt of $101.6 million. If Ashford Prime acquires the Crystal Gateway Marriott, the total enterprise value of Ashford Prime will be increased by the purchase price, because it is payable in Ashford Prime OP units, and the amount of debt that will be assumed in connection with the acquisition, based on the contractual formula for calculating total enterprise value. Accordingly, to estimate the incremental base fee attributable to the Crystal Gateway Marriott acquisition, the 0.7% base management fee was applied to the aggregate of the purchase price in connection with the exercise of the option to acquire the Crystal Gateway Marriott. This calculation is an estimate and may not accurately reflect the incremental base fee attributable to the Crystal Gateway Marriott acquisition.
The calculation of the base fee after the consummation of the separation and distribution will be based on the total enterprise value of Ashford Prime, calculated pursuant to the definition of total enterprise value described above.
(EE) |
The incentive fee payable to Ashford Primes external advisor, if any, will be based on Ashford Primes total stockholder return performance as compared to a defined peer group. To determine an appropriate pro forma adjustment to reflect an estimate of the incentive fee, management has assumed that the performance of Ashford Prime during the period ended December 31, 2012 would have mirrored the actual performance of Ashford Trust for such period. While it is unlikely there will be an exact correlation between the performance of Ashford Trust and Ashford Prime in the future, we believe the historical performance of Ashford Trust for the year ended December 31, 2012 (which included the Ashford Prime properties) is the best factually supportable indicator of Ashford Prime performance for purposes of determining an estimated incentive fee. This estimate is derived by applying the incentive fee calculation methodology provided for in the advisory agreement to the historical performance of Ashford Trust, and assuming that the fully diluted value of equity for Ashford Prime is equal to the total enterprise value used in calculating the base fee as described in footnote (DD) above, less Ashford Primes indebtedness, reduced by the non-controlling interests |
F-12
share. Because of the assumptions used in this calculation, it may not accurately reflect the actual incentive fee, if any, that will be payable by Ashford Prime following the separation and distribution. Because the incentive fee is a performance-based fee that is not finalized until the end of each fiscal year, no pro forma adjustment is being made for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, consistent with Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 13.A, suggesting that it is not appropriate to recognize revenue based upon the probability of a factor being achieved. |
No additional adjustment for incremental incentive fees is being made in connection with the acquisition of either option property because those properties were included in the operations and resulting financial performance metrics for Ashford Trust in 2012, and the 2012 financial performance of Ashford Trust was used as an indicator of Ashford Prime financial performance for purposes of calculating the pro forma adjustment for estimated incentive fees.
(FF) | Represents stock based compensation associated with initial stock grants, which are immediately vested, with a value of $55,000 to each of the five independent members of the Board of Directors of Ashford Prime. |
(GG) | Represents elimination of allocated salaries and benefits, exclusive of stock-based compensation, per the terms of Ashford Primes advisory agreement with Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC. |
(HH) | Represents reimbursement to the external advisor for certain expenses, including employment and travel expenses of employees of Ashford Primes external advisor providing internal audit services, as specified in the Advisory Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Advisors, LLC and Ashford Prime. These reimbursement amounts will reflect Ashford Primes pro rata portion of such expenses incurred by Ashford Hospitality Advisors, LLC, as reasonably agreed to between the advisor and certain independent members of the board of directors of Ashford Prime. The adjustment represents the allocated salaries of the internal audit staff, which will be reimbursable by Ashford Prime pursuant to the advisory agreement, but which were eliminated in the adjustment described in (GG) above. To calculate the pro forma adjustment for the salary allocation, the total payroll and benefit expense of the internal audit department was multiplied by the same percentage originally used to allocate general and administrative expenses to Ashford Prime in the historical combined consolidated statements of operations. |
(II) | Represents net (income) loss attributable to the non-controlling interest in Ashford Prime OP, calculated as 35.3% of net income (loss), which is based on the ownership percentage of Ashford Trust, officers and directors of Ashford Prime and officers and directors of Ashford Trust. |
(JJ) | Represents a contractual adjustment to management fees for differences between the historical management fee of 5% the seller was obligated to pay and the 3% management fee Ashford Trust contracted to pay. |
(KK) | Reflects incremental depreciation expense based on Ashford Primes new cost basis in the acquired hotels. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment, 39 years for buildings and improvements and 15 years for land improvements.) The increase reflects twelve months and nine months of depreciation on the step-up in basis reflected in the adjustments for footnotes (C) and (D) to the pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet. |
(LL) | Reflects the adjustment to income tax expense for this property as if it were a part of the combined consolidated group and owned and operated in the same hotel REIT structure as the other hotels in the group. The entity that would own the hotel would be a partnership and not subject to income taxes. The entity that would operate the hotel would be a taxable corporation. The incremental income tax for each property was calculated by multiplying the hotel operating income by the combined consolidated groups effective tax rate, which was 41.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 37.3% for the year ended December 31, 2012. |
F-13
(MM) | Represents the incremental interest expense for Pier House based on a $69.0 million interest only loan at LIBOR + 4.90%. Average LIBOR rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 were 0.19% and 0.24%, respectively. |
(NN) | Pro forma basic earnings per share and basic weighted average shares outstanding reflect the number of shares of common stock to be outstanding upon the completion of the distribution (based on a distribution ratio of one share of Ashford Prime common stock for every five shares of Ashford Trust common stock), including 16,000 shares for initial grants to the five independent members of the Board of Directors of Ashford Prime described in footnote (FF) above and the sale of shares of common stock in the offering contemplated by this prospectus. There are approximately 84,000 unvested restricted shares which are considered outstanding but excluded from basic weighted average shares outstanding. |
(OO) | Pro forma diluted earnings per share and pro forma weighted-average diluted shares outstanding are identical to pro forma basic earnings per share and basic weighted average shares outstanding. Weighted-average diluted shares of 8.9 million have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The 8.9 million shares include 84,000 unvested restricted shares and the assumed conversion of 8.8 million Ashford Prime operating partnership units, which are comprised of 5.0 million units held by Ashford Trust which represents the 20% retained ownership interest in Ashford Prime and 3.8 million units of Ashford Prime held by current Ashford Trust unit holders based on the distribution ratio noted in footnote (NN) above. While the actual dilutive impact will depend on various factors, we believe this estimate reflects a reasonable approximation of the dilutive impact of the Ashford Prime equity incentive plans. |
(PP) | Pro forma diluted earnings per share and pro forma weighted-average diluted shares outstanding are identical to pro forma basic earnings per share and basic weighted average shares outstanding. Weighted-average diluted shares of 14.3 million have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The 14.3 million shares include 84,000 unvested restricted shares and the assumed conversion of 14.2 million Ashford Prime operating partnership units, which include 8.8 million Ashford Prime operating partnership units, which are comprised of 5.0 million units held by Ashford Trust which represents the 20% retained ownership interest in Ashford Prime and 3.8 million units of Ashford Prime held by current Ashford Trust unit holders based on the distribution ratio noted in footnote (NN) above as well as 5.5 million operating partnership units issued in connection with the exercise of the Crystal Gateway Marriott option. The number of diluted shares excluded 1.2 million shares that would have been issued to Ashford Trust in connection with the Pier House Resort option exercise if Ashford Trust had opted to receive units rather than cash. While the actual dilutive impact will depend on various factors, we believe this estimate reflects a reasonable approximation of the dilutive impact of the Ashford Prime equity incentive plans. |
F-14
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors of
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2013. This consolidated balance sheet is the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this consolidated balance sheet based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the balance sheet referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries at September 30, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Dallas, Texas
December 17, 2013
F-15
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
September 30, 2013
Assets |
||||
Cash |
$ | 1,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Total assets |
$ | 1,000 | ||
|
|
|||
Stockholders Equity |
||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,000 shares authorized; 100 shares issued and outstanding |
$ | 1 | ||
Additional paid-in capital |
999 | |||
|
|
|||
Total stockholders equity |
$ | 1,000 | ||
|
|
See Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet.
F-16
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
As of September 30, 2013
1. Organization
Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (Prime) was formed as a Maryland corporation on April 5, 2013. Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership (Ashford Prime OP), was formed as a Delaware limited partnership on April 5, 2013 and will hold substantially all of Primes assets and conduct substantially all of its business. Ashford Prime OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prime (Prime GP), was created to serve as the sole general partner of Ashford Prime OP. Prime, Ashford Prime OP and Prime GP are collectively referred to herein as the Company. The Company will receive a contribution of direct and indirect interests in eight hotel properties plus cash from Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Ashford Trust), in exchange for common partnership units in Ashford Prime OP and shares of Prime common stock. Ashford Trust intends to distribute all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Prime to holders of Ashford Trusts common stock. The Company intends to be externally advised by a subsidiary of Ashford Trust. The Company was created to invest primarily in full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments. Prime intends to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (REIT), for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the portion of its taxable year ending December 31, 2013.
As of September 30, 2013, six of the eight hotel properties were leased by Ashford Trusts wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes. The two hotel properties owned through a majority owned investment in a partnership were leased to taxable REIT subsidiaries wholly owned by such partnership.
The Company has no assets other than cash and has not yet commenced operations.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The consolidated balance sheet includes all of the accounts of the Company as of September 30, 2013, prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates The preparation of this consolidated balance sheet in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash Cash includes cash on hand or held in banks.
Income Taxes Prime will elect to be taxed as, and will operate in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify as a REIT, Prime must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain) and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP. As a REIT, Prime generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent Prime currently distributes its REIT taxable income to its stockholders.
REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If Prime fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during
F-17
which the qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants Prime relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Companys net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, Prime intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
3. Stockholders Equity
Under Primes charter, the total number of shares initially authorized for issuance is 1,000 shares of common stock. At formation, Prime issued 100 shares of common stock at $10 per share to its stockholder.
4. Subsequent Events
On October 30, 2013, Ashford Trust announced that its board of directors had formally declared the distribution of shares of common stock of Prime. The distribution consisted of 100% of the common stock of Prime, which was distributed to Ashford Trust shareholders. Prime owns approximately 65% of the Ashford Prime OP. Ashford Trust owns 20% of Ashford Prime OP, while existing Ashford Trust Operating Partnership unit holders own the remaining approximate 15%.
The spin-off was completed through a pro-rata taxable distribution of Prime common stock on November 19, 2013 (the Distribution Date) to Ashford Trust stockholders of record (Ashford Trust Record Holders) as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on November 8, 2013 (the Record Date). On the Distribution Date, each Ashford stockholder received one share of Prime common stock for every five shares of Ashford Trust common stock held by such stockholder on the Record Date. In addition, the 100 previously outstanding shares of Prime common stock were redeemed.
Concurrent with the distribution, Prime received a contribution of direct and indirect interests in eight hotel properties plus cash from Ashford Trust, in exchange for common partnership units in Ashford Prime OP and shares of Prime common stock. Additionally, Prime purchased three taxable REIT subsidiaries that currently lease six of the eight initial properties.
In connection with the spin-off, Prime entered into a new $150.0 million secured credit facility. The new credit facility provides for a three-year term with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain terms and conditions and bears interest at a range of 2.25% - 3.75% over LIBOR, depending on the leverage ratio (as defined in the agreement) of Prime. The new credit facility includes the opportunity to expand the borrowing capacity by up to $150.0 million to an aggregate size of $300.0 million, subject to certain terms and conditions.
On December 16, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a common stock dividend for the fourth quarter ending December 31, 2013, of $0.05 per diluted share, payable January 15, 2014, for shareholders of record as of December 31, 2013.
F-18
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors of
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying combined consolidated balance sheets of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels (the Company) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related combined consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule Schedule III Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined consolidated financial position of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the combined consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Dallas, Texas
June 14, 2013
F-19
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
COMBINED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net |
$ | 771,936 | $ | 789,170 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
20,313 | 16,451 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
16,891 | 10,808 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $33 and $33, respectively |
5,892 | 6,455 | ||||||
Inventories |
304 | 289 | ||||||
Note receivable |
8,098 | 8,098 | ||||||
Deferred costs, net |
2,064 | 3,317 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
1,402 | 1,552 | ||||||
Other assets |
1,518 | 1,701 | ||||||
Intangible asset, net |
2,721 | 2,810 | ||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
16,141 | 22,767 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 847,280 | $ | 863,418 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 570,809 | $ | 577,996 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
18,109 | 16,389 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liabilities |
633 | 791 | ||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
585 | 663 | ||||||
Intangible liability, net |
3,852 | 3,909 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
914 | 628 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
594,902 | 600,376 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Owners equity of the Company |
239,863 | 249,055 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities |
12,515 | 13,987 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total equity |
252,378 | 263,042 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 847,280 | $ | 863,418 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-20
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 160,811 | $ | 130,477 | $ | 114,940 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
50,784 | 46,628 | 42,410 | |||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
| 5,341 | 5,435 | |||||||||
Other |
9,593 | 9,545 | 10,045 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel revenue |
221,188 | 191,991 | 172,830 | |||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
37,001 | 31,429 | 28,625 | |||||||||
Food and beverage |
33,377 | 30,341 | 28,382 | |||||||||
Other expenses |
59,013 | 49,949 | 46,205 | |||||||||
Management fees |
9,360 | 7,246 | 6,514 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel expenses |
138,751 | 118,965 | 109,726 | |||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
10,236 | 9,218 | 10,243 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,549 | 29,816 | 31,255 | |||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
10,846 | 9,613 | 7,986 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total expenses |
189,382 | 167,612 | 159,210 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating income |
31,806 | 24,379 | 13,620 | |||||||||
Interest income |
29 | 24 | 88 | |||||||||
Other income |
| 9,673 | | |||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(31,244 | ) | (31,803 | ) | (31,988 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | (28 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
591 | 2,273 | (18,308 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax expense |
(4,384 | ) | (2,636 | ) | (628 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net loss |
(3,793 | ) | (363 | ) | (18,936 | ) | ||||||
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(752 | ) | 989 | 2,065 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,545 | ) | $ | 626 | $ | (16,871 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-21
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (3,793 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (18,936 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |
||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | (56 | ) | ||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| 435 | 425 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total other comprehensive income |
| 435 | 369 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
(3,793 | ) | 72 | (18,567 | ) | |||||||
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities |
(752 | ) | 880 | 1,972 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company |
$ | (4,545 | ) | $ | 952 | $ | (16,595 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-22
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Owners
Equity |
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss |
Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Entities |
Total | |||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2010 |
$ | 262,669 | $ | (602 | ) | $ | 14,165 | $ | 276,232 | |||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |
| | 1,034 | 1,034 | ||||||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | (334 | ) | (334 | ) | ||||||||||
Net loss |
(16,871 | ) | | (2,065 | ) | (18,936 | ) | |||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| (42 | ) | (14 | ) | (56 | ) | |||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| 318 | 107 | 425 | ||||||||||||
Capital contributions |
17,224 | | | 17,224 | ||||||||||||
Capital distributions |
(14,050 | ) | | | (14,050 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 248,972 | $ | (326 | ) | $ | 12,893 | $ | 261,539 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | (703 | ) | (703 | ) | ||||||||||
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest |
(2,677 | ) | | 2,677 | | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
626 | | (989 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| 326 | 109 | 435 | ||||||||||||
Capital contributions |
24,097 | | | 24,097 | ||||||||||||
Capital distributions |
(21,963 | ) | (21,963 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 249,055 | $ | | $ | 13,987 | $ | 263,042 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | (2,224 | ) | (2,224 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(4,545 | ) | | 752 | (3,793 | ) | ||||||||||
Capital contributions |
19,421 | | | 19,421 | ||||||||||||
Capital distributions |
(24,068 | ) | | | (24,068 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 |
$ | 239,863 | $ | | $ | 12,515 | $ | 252,378 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-23
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (3,793 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (18,936 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
29,549 | 29,816 | 31,255 | |||||||||
Amortization of OCI to interest expense |
| 435 | 425 | |||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
1,253 | 1,278 | 1,251 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
(215 | ) | (214 | ) | (215 | ) | ||||||
Gain on acquisition of note receivable and other |
| (9,673 | ) | | ||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | 28 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||||||
Restricted cash |
(6,083 | ) | 2,144 | 9,807 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
548 | (2,588 | ) | 660 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
1,380 | (229 | ) | 703 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
(1,621 | ) | 1,561 | 679 | ||||||||
Due to/from third-party hotel managers |
6,548 | (7,377 | ) | (4,033 | ) | |||||||
Other liabilities |
286 | 605 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
27,852 | 15,395 | 21,624 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||||||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel properties |
(11,944 | ) | (10,281 | ) | (22,695 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(11,944 | ) | (10,281 | ) | (22,695 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Repayments of indebtedness |
(7,187 | ) | (4,717 | ) | (5,598 | ) | ||||||
Payments of loan costs and prepayment penalties |
| | (1,248 | ) | ||||||||
Contributions from owners |
19,421 | 24,097 | 17,224 | |||||||||
Distributions to owners |
(24,068 | ) | (21,963 | ) | (14,050 | ) | ||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities |
(212 | ) | (491 | ) | (933 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(12,046 | ) | (3,074 | ) | (4,605 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
3,862 | 2,040 | (5,676 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
16,451 | 14,411 | 20,087 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 20,313 | $ | 16,451 | $ | 14,411 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 30,055 | $ | 30,105 | $ | 29,897 | ||||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | 870 | $ | 1,882 | $ | 857 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Note receivable assigned to the Company by a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
$ | | $ | 8,098 | $ | | ||||||
Financed insurance premiums |
$ | 1,047 | $ | 1,014 | $ | 963 | ||||||
Contributions from a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
$ | | $ | | $ | 1,034 | ||||||
Distributions declared but not paid to a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
$ | 2,224 | $ | 212 | $ | |
See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-24
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
NOTES TO COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (AHT) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and was formed in Maryland on May 13, 2003. AHT commenced operations in August 2003 and has been focused on investing in the hospitality industry across all segments and in all methods including direct real estate, securities, equity, and debt. AHT owns its lodging investments and conducts its business through the majority-owned Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (AHLP), an operating partnership that was formed in Delaware on May 13, 2003. The general partner of AHLP is Ashford OP Limited Partner LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. AHLP will continue into perpetuity unless earlier dissolved or terminated pursuant to law or the provisions of the AHLP limited partnership agreement. The accompanying combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of certain wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries of AHLP that own and operate eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia. The portfolio includes six wholly-owned hotel properties and two hotel properties that are owned through a partnership in which AHT has a controlling interest. These hotels represent 3,146 total rooms, or 2,912 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our partner. As of December 31, 2012, six of the eight hotel properties were leased by AHTs indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS) for federal income tax purposes and two hotel properties owned through a consolidated partnership were leased to a TRS wholly-owned by such consolidated partnership. Each hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for each lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the TRS is eliminated in consolidation. The hotels are operated under management contracts with Marriott International, Inc. and Hilton Worldwide, which are eligible independent contractors under the Code.
With respect to six of the eight hotels, the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the following subsidiaries of AHT:
1 | Ashford Plano-M LP |
2 | Ashford Seattle Waterfront LP |
3 | Ashford Tampa International Hotel Partnership LP |
4 | Ashford Seattle Downtown LP |
5 | Ashford San Francisco II LP |
6 | Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP (from December 2, 2011) |
7 | Ashford TRS Philadelphia Annex LLC (from December 2, 2011) |
8 | Ashford TRS Sapphire III LLC |
9 | Ashford TRS Sapphire VII LLC |
With respect to the other two hotels, the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ashford HHC Partners III, LP and its subsidiaries which include:
1 | CHH Torrey Pines Hotel Partners, LP |
2 | CHH Capital Hotel Partners, LP |
3 | CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. |
4 | CHH Torrey Pines Tenant Corp. |
5 | CHH Capital Tenant Corp. |
F-25
6 | CHH Torrey Pines Hotel GP, LLC |
7 | CHH Capital Hotel GP, LLC |
With respect to the Philadelphia hotel, through December 1, 2011, the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AHTs majority-owned investment in Ashford Philadelphia Annex, LLC.
The eight hotels which are owned and operated through each of the aforementioned entities are collectively referred to as The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our refers to The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Combination and Consolidation The accompanying historical combined consolidated financial statements of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels have been carved out of AHTs consolidated financial statements and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. These hotels are under AHTs common control. The combined consolidated financial statements were prepared using the financial position and results of operations of the entities set forth above after adjustments for certain ownership related activities that have been historically accounted for by AHT. These ownership activities include mortgage indebtedness associated with the eight initial hotels, debt related expenses and other owner related expenses. In addition, the combined consolidated statements of operations include allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses from AHT, which in the opinion of management, are reasonable. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Through December 1, 2011, a hotel property held by a partnership in which AHT previously had an ownership of 89% was leased on a triple-net lease arrangement to a third-party tenant who operated the hotel property. Rental income from this operating lease is included in the combined consolidated results of operations for the period from January 1, 2010 through December 1, 2011. Effective December 2, 2011, the remaining 11% ownership interest in the partnership was obtained from AHTs partner as a result of a dispute resolution. The operating results of this hotel property have been included in the combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between combined consolidated entities have been eliminated in these historical, combined consolidated financial statements.
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages six of our properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations in each of the first three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in any given period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the fourth quarters of 2012, 2011 and 2010 ended December 28, 2012, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Use of Estimates The preparation of these combined consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 5% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
F-26
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of guests to make required payments for services. The allowance is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated receivable losses. The estimate is based on past receivable loss experience, known and inherent credit risks, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including specific reserves for certain accounts.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Investments in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. For hotel properties owned through our majority-owned entities, the carrying basis attributable to the partners minority ownership is recorded at historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our majority ownership is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interests in the entities. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations We classify assets as held for sale when we have obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from our ongoing operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the disposal.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.
Intangible Asset, net and Intangible Liability, net Intangible asset represents the market value related to a lease agreement obtained in connection with AHTs acquisition of a hotel property that was below the market rate at the date of the acquisition and is amortized over the remaining term of the lease. Intangible liability represents the market value related to a lease agreement obtained in connection with AHTs acquisition of a hotel property that was above the market rate at the date of the acquisition and is amortized over the remaining term of the lease. See Note 6.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps, which are designated as cash flow hedges, and provide us with interest rate protection above the strike rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap strike rate. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. These derivatives are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. As the derivatives are subject to master netting settlement arrangements, we report derivatives with the same counterparty net on the combined consolidated balance sheets.
F-27
Derivatives are recorded at fair value in accordance with the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. For interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (OCI) in the equity section of the combined consolidated balance sheets. The amount recorded in OCI is reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the combined consolidated statements of operations.
Due to/from Third-Party Hotel Managers Due from third-party hotel managers primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott corporate level related to operating, capital improvements, insurance, real estate taxes, and other items. Due to third-party hotel managers primarily consists of amounts due to Marriott and/or Hilton related to rebilled expenses.
Unfavorable Management Contract Liabilities A management agreement assumed by AHT in an acquisition of a hotel in 2007 has terms that are more favorable to the respective manager than typical market management agreements at the acquisition date. As a result, AHT recorded an unfavorable contract liability related to that management agreement totaling $1.5 million based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial term of the related agreement. The unfavorable contract liability is amortized as a reduction to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the related agreement.
Noncontrolling Interests The noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity represents an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and is reported in equity in the combined consolidated balance sheets. Through December 1, 2011, a hotel property held by an entity in which AHT previously had an ownership of 89% was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant who operated the hotel property. Effective December 2, 2011, the remaining 11% ownership interest was obtained from AHTs partner as a result of a dispute resolution, which resulted in an adjustment to noncontrolling interest of $2.7 million, which was in a deficit position as of the time of the transaction. The triple-net lease agreement was canceled and the operating results of this hotel property have been included in the combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011. Separately, the Company was assigned an $8.1 million note receivable associated with the venture and reached an agreement to retain $1.6 million of security deposits that were originally refundable. This resulted in a gain of $9.7 million, which is included in Other income in the combined consolidated statements of operations.
Income/loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entities are reported as deductions/additions from/to net income/loss. Comprehensive income/loss attributable to these noncontrolling interests is reported as reductions/additions from/to comprehensive income/loss.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Rental income represents income from leasing hotel properties to third-party tenants on triple-net operating leases. Base rent on the triple-net lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and variable rent is recognized when earned. There was no variable rent for the year ended December 31, 2012. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, variable rent was $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Variable rent is included in Rental income from operating leases on the combined consolidated statements of operations. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. For the hotel that was leased to a third party, we reported deposits into our escrow accounts for capital expenditure reserves as income up to the point in time the lease was terminated.
Other Expenses Other expenses include telephone charges, guest laundry, valet parking, and hotel-level general and administrative expenses, sales and marketing expenses, repairs and maintenance, franchise fees and utility costs. They are expensed as incurred.
F-28
Advertising Costs Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred advertising costs of $652,000, $566,000 and $400,000, respectively. Advertising costs are included in Other expenses in the accompanying combined consolidated statements of operations.
Corporate General and Administrative Expense Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain AHT corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense, insurance expense and office expenses. The costs were allocated based on the pro rata share of our undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties in relation to AHTs undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties for all indirect costs. All direct costs associated with the operations of the eight initial hotel properties are included in the combined consolidated financial statements.
Depreciation and Amortization Hotel properties are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the assets and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over lives ranging from 7.5 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated useful lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.
Income Taxes The entities that own the eight hotels are considered partnerships for federal income tax purposes. Partnerships are not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. The partnerships revenues and expenses pass through to and are taxed on the owners. The states and cities where the partnerships operate in follow the U.S. federal income tax treatment, with the exception of the District of Columbia, Texas, and the city of Philadelphia. Accordingly, we provide for income taxes in these jurisdictions for the partnerships. The combined consolidated entities that operate the eight hotels are considered taxable corporations for U.S. federal, state, and city income tax purposes. The combined consolidated entities that operate the two hotels owned by a consolidated partnership elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS) in April 2007, when the partnership was acquired by AHT. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions. As more fully described in Note 13, income tax expense in the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements was calculated on a carve-out basis from AHT.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. We and our subsidiaries will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities. As more fully described in Note 11, income tax examinations of certain of our taxable corporate subsidiaries are currently in process. We believe that the results of completion of these examinations will not have a material adverse effect on the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance for common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements. The guidance requires disclosures of (i) quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for level 3 measurements; (ii) description of the valuation processes surrounding level 3 measurements; (iii) narrative description of the sensitivity of recurring level 3 measurements to unobservable inputs; (iv) hierarchy classification for items whose fair value is only disclosed in the footnotes; and (v) any transfers between level 1 and 2 of the fair value
F-29
hierarchy. The new accounting guidance was effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We have adopted this accounting guidance and provided the additional required disclosures in Notes 9 and 10. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not affect our financial position or results of operations.
In December 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance to clarify how to determine whether a reporting entity should derecognize the in substance real estate upon loan defaults when it ceases to have controlling interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate. Under this guidance, a reporting entity would not satisfy the requirements to derecognize the in substance real estate before the legal transfer of the real estate to the lender and the extinguishment of the related non-recourse indebtedness. That is, even if the reporting entity ceases to have a controlling financial interest, the reporting entity would continue to include the real estate, debt, and the results of the subsidiarys operations in its financial statements until legal title to the real estate is transferred to legally satisfy the debt. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after June 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. This guidance was adopted early. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not affect our financial position or results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2011 and further amended in November 2012, the FASB issued accounting guidance to require disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements that are either netted on the balance sheet or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after January 1, 2013 and the disclosures should be reported retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
3. Investment in Hotel Properties, net
Investment in hotel properties, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Land |
$ | 129,994 | $ | 129,994 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
739,055 | 735,242 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
49,160 | 58,352 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
2,759 | 730 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total cost |
920,968 | 924,318 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(149,032 | ) | (135,148 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 771,936 | $ | 789,170 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The cost of land and depreciable property, net of accumulated depreciation, for federal income tax purposes was approximately $717.2 million and $735.5 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, depreciation expense was $29.4 million, $29.7 million and $31.2 million, respectively.
F-30
4. Note Receivable
In December 2011, in connection with the restructuring of the entity in which AHT previously owned an 89% interest, the remaining 11% was obtained as a result of a dispute resolution. AHTs partner also assigned a note receivable of $8.1 million from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and an agreement to retain $1.6 million of security deposits that were originally refundable. This resulted in a gain of $9.7 million, which is included in Other income in the combined consolidated statements of operations. The note bears interest at a rate of 12.85% and matures in 2018. The interest income recorded on the note receivable is offset against the interest expense recorded on the TIF loan of the same amount. See Note 7.
5. Deferred Costs, net
Deferred costs, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Deferred loan costs |
$ | 8,285 | $ | 8,285 | ||||
Accumulated amortization |
(6,221 | ) | (4,968 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred costs, net |
$ | 2,064 | $ | 3,317 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Amortization of loan costs was $1.3 million, $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
6. Intangible Asset, net and Intangible Liability, net
Intangible asset, net and intangible liability, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
Intangible
Asset, net |
Intangible
Liability, net |
|||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Cost |
$ | 3,233 | $ | 3,233 | $ | 4,179 | $ | 4,179 | ||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(512 | ) | (423 | ) | (327 | ) | (270 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
$ | 2,721 | $ | 2,810 | $ | 3,852 | $ | 3,909 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible asset represents a favorable market-rate lease which relates to the acquisition of the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines hotel in La Jolla, CA which is being amortized over the remaining lease term that expires in 2043. Intangible liability represents an unfavorable market-rate lease which relates to the acquisition of the Renaissance Tampa International Plaza in Tampa, FL which is being amortized over the remaining lease term that expires in 2080.
For the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, amortization expense related to intangible asset was $89,000. Estimated future amortization expense is $89,000 for each of the next five years. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, amortization related to the intangible liability was $57,000. Estimated future amortization is $57,000 for each of the next five years.
F-31
7. Indebtedness
Indebtedness and the carrying values of related collateral were as follows at December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
Collateral | Maturity |
Interest
Rate |
Debt
Balance |
Book Value of
Collateral (3) |
Debt
Balance |
Book Value of
Collateral |
|||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
2 hotels | August 2013 | LIBOR+2.75% (1) | $ | 141,667 | $ | 259,496 | $ | 145,667 | $ | 264,147 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loan (2) |
1 hotel | April 2017 | 5.91% | 34,735 | 91,222 | 35,000 | 93,956 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
2 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 127,288 | 145,275 | 128,251 | 148,244 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
3 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 259,021 | 275,190 | 260,980 | 282,823 | |||||||||||||||
TIF loan (2)(4) |
1 hotel | June 2018 | 12.85% | 8,098 | | 8,098 | | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 570,809 | $ | 771,183 | $ | 577,996 | $ | 789,170 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | LIBOR rates were 0.209% and 0.295% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
(2) | These loans are collateralized by the same property. |
(3) | Book value of collateral does not include $753,000 of construction in progress that has not been allocated to the various hotel properties. |
(4) | The interest expense from the TIF loan is offset against interest income recorded on the note receivable of the same amount. See Note 4. |
Maturities and scheduled amortization of indebtedness as of December 31, 2012 for each of the following five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
2013 |
$ | 147,139 | ||
2014 |
5,807 | |||
2015 |
6,162 | |||
2016 |
6,538 | |||
2017 |
397,065 | |||
Thereafter |
8,098 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 570,809 | ||
|
|
The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of the combined consolidated group. Presently, our existing financial covenants are non-recourse and primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and related agreements as amended. Subsequent to December 31, 2012, AHT refinanced the $141.7 million mortgage loan, which had an outstanding balance of $141.0 million at the time of the refinance. See Note 17.
8. Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Interest Rate Derivatives We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage the risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt as a way to potentially improve cash flows. The interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps, which are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.
In 2008, AHT entered into two interest rate caps with identical notional amounts and strike rates of $160.0 million and 5.00% that were designated as cash flow hedges. The first had an effective date of August 2008, maturity date of September 2010 and total cost of $352,000. The second had an effective date of September 2010, maturity date of September 2011 and a total cost of $632,000. The two instruments capped the
F-32
interest rate on our mortgage loan with a principal balance of $141.7 million and a maturity date of August 2013. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had no derivative instruments.
9. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
| Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. |
| Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. |
| Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. |
The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterpartys non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.
We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period.
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations
The following table summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on the combined consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Gain or (Loss)
Recognized in Income |
Reclassified from Accumulated
OCI into Interest Expense |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
$ | | $ | | $ | (28 | ) (1) | $ | | $ | 435 | $ | 425 |
(1) | Reported as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the combined consolidated statements of operations. |
F-33
In 2012, 2011 and 2010, the change in fair values of interest rate derivatives that were recognized as a change in other comprehensive income (loss) totaled $0, $0 and $(56,000), respectively.
10. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring basis
Derivative assets, net . Fair value of the interest rate derivatives are determined using the net present value of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of the Company and the counterparties.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis on the combined consolidated balance sheets.
Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value
Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as notes receivable and indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
Financial assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 20,313 | $ | 20,313 | $ | 16,451 | $ | 16,451 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 16,891 | $ | 16,891 | $ | 10,808 | $ | 10,808 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable |
$ | 5,892 | $ | 5,892 | $ | 6,455 | $ | 6,455 | ||||||||
Notes receivable |
$ | 8,098 | $ | 11,796 to $13,037 | $ | 8,098 | $ | 9,819 to $10,853 | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
$ | 16,141 | $ | 16,141 | $ | 22,767 | $ | 22,767 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 570,809 | $ | 552,245 to $610,376 | $ | 577,996 | $ | 516,662 to $571,047 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 18,109 | $ | 18,109 | $ | 16,389 | $ | 16,389 | ||||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
$ | 585 | $ | 585 | $ | 663 | $ | 663 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and due to/from third-party hotel managers . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Notes receivable . Fair value of the note receivable was determined by using similar loans with similar collateral. Since there is very little to no trading activity, we had to rely on our internal analysis of what we believe a willing buyer would pay for this note at December 31, 2012 and 2011. We estimated the fair value of the note receivable to be approximately 45.7% to 61.0% higher than the carrying value of $8.1 million at December 31, 2012, and approximately 21.3% to 34.0% higher than the carrying value of $8.1 million at December 31, 2011. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
F-34
Indebtedness . Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. For the December 31, 2012 and 2011 indebtedness valuations, we used estimated future cash flows discounted at applicable index forward curves adjusted for credit spreads. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 96.7% to 106.9% of the carrying value of $570.8 million at December 31, 2012, and approximately 89.4% to 98.8% of the carrying value of $578.0 million at December 31, 2011. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at December 31, 2012, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Management Fees Under management agreements for our hotel properties existing at December 31, 2012, we paid a) 3% to 7% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, for certain hotels, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by AHTs independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2041, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Leases We lease land under two non-cancelable operating ground leases, which expire in 2043 and 2080, related to our hotel properties in La Jolla, CA and Tampa, FL. These leases are subject to base rent plus contingent rent based on the related propertys financial results and escalation clauses. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, we recognized rent expense of $2.9 million, $2.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively, which included contingent rent of $660,000, $125,000 and $693,000, respectively. Rent expense is included in other expenses in the combined consolidated statements of operations. Future minimum rentals due under non-cancelable leases are as follows for each of the years ending December 31, (in thousands):
2013 |
$ | 2,248 | ||
2014 |
2,186 | |||
2015 |
2,172 | |||
2016 |
2,122 | |||
2017 |
2,120 | |||
Thereafter |
70,244 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 81,092 | ||
|
|
Capital Commitments At December 31, 2012, we had capital commitments of $9.2 million relating to general capital improvements that are expected to be paid in the next twelve months.
Litigation The Company is engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss for these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect upon the combined consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company. However, the final results of legal
F-35
proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if the Company failed to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses were to exceed the Companys current estimates of the range of potential losses, the Companys combined consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
Income Taxes We and our subsidiaries will file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
As part of our formation transactions, AHT will contribute its indirect interest in CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. (CHH), the parent of the TRS lessees for two of our initial properties, and for which we intend to elect to treat as a TRS. AHT also elected to treat CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. as a TRS.
In September 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) completed an audit of CHH for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. The IRS issued a notice of proposed adjustment based on Section 482 of the Code that reduced the amount of rent AHT charged CHH. AHT owns a 75% interest in the hotel properties and CHH. In connection with the CHH audit, the IRS selected AHT for audit for the same tax year. In October 2011, the IRS issued an income tax adjustment to AHT as an alternative to the CHH proposed adjustment. The AHT adjustment is based on the REIT 100% federal excise tax on its share of the amount by which the rent was held to be greater than the arms length rate. AHT strongly disagrees with the IRS position. AHT filed written protests with the IRS and requested an IRS Appeals Office review of the CHH and AHT cases simultaneously. The IRS granted the Appeals Office review and AHTs representatives attended Appeals Office conferences. One or more additional conferences with the Appeals Office may be required to resolve the cases, and AHT anticipates these will occur in 2013. In determining amounts payable by CHH under its leases, AHT engaged a third party to prepare a transfer pricing study which concluded that the lease terms have been consistent with arms length terms as required by applicable Treasury regulations. However, if the IRS were to pursue CHHs case and prevail, CHH would owe approximately $1.1 million of additional U.S. federal income taxes plus possible additional state income taxes of $199,000, net of federal benefit. Alternatively, if the IRS were to pursue the AHT case and prevail, AHT would owe approximately $4.6 million of U.S. federal excise taxes. The excise taxes assessed on AHT would be in lieu of the CHH additional income taxes. AHT believes the IRS transfer pricing methodologies applied in the audits contain flaws and that the IRS adjustments to the rent charged are inconsistent with the U.S. federal tax laws related to REITs and true leases. U.S. federal income tax assessment statutes of limitations generally limit the time the IRS has to make assessments to within three years after a return is due or filed, whichever is later. As a result, the IRS has requested and AHT agreed to extend the assessment statute of limitations three times for CHH and AHT for the 2007 tax year. The most recent IRS request was made in January 2013, and extends the statute for the 2007 tax year to March 31, 2014.
In June 2012, the IRS completed audits of CHH and AHT for the tax years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009. With respect to the 2009 tax year, the IRS has not proposed any adjustments to CHH or AHT. For the 2008 tax year, the IRS has issued notices of proposed adjustments for both AHT and CHH. The AHT adjustment is for $3.3 million of U.S. federal excise taxes and represents the amount by which the IRS asserts that the rent charged to CHH was greater than the arms length rate pursuant to IRC Section 482. The CHH adjustment is for $1.6 million of additional income, which would equate to approximately $467,000 of additional U.S. federal income taxes and potential state income taxes of $83,000, net of federal benefit. The CHH adjustment represents the IRS imputation of compensation to CHH under IRC Section 482 for agreeing to be a party to the lessor entitys bank loan agreement. AHT owns a 75% interest in the lessor entity. AHT strongly disagrees with both of the IRS adjustments for the reasons noted under the 2007 audits, and in addition, AHT believes the IRS has misinterpreted certain terms of the lease, third-party hotel management, and bank loan agreements. AHT has filed a written protest and requested an IRS Appeals Office review. The IRS has granted the Appeals Office review and has assigned the same Appeals team that is overseeing the 2007 cases to the 2008 cases. The initial Appeals conference for the 2008 cases is scheduled to occur in August 2013. In March 2012, the IRS requested and AHT consented to extend the statute of limitations for CHH and AHT for the 2008 tax year to March 31, 2013. In January 2013, the IRS requested and AHT agreed to extend the statute of limitations to March 31, 2014.
F-36
With respect to both the 2007 and 2008 IRS audits, AHT believes CHH and AHT will substantially prevail in the eventual settlement of the audits and that the settlements will not have a material adverse effect on the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements. AHT has concluded that the positions reported on the tax returns under audit by the IRS are, solely on their technical merits, more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination.
12. Equity
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities At December 31, 2012 and 2011, a noncontrolling entity partner had ownership interests of 25% in two hotel properties with a total carrying value of $12.5 million and $14.0 million, respectively. Through December 1, 2011, AHT owned the Courtyard Philadelphia Downtown hotel in an entity in which AHT had an ownership interest of 89%, and the hotel was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant. Rental income from this operating lease is included in the combined consolidated results of operations for the period from January 1, 2010 through December 1, 2011. Effective December 2, 2011, AHT obtained the remaining 11% ownership interest from its partner as a result of a dispute resolution. The triple-net lease agreement was canceled and the operating results of this hotel property have been included in the combined consolidated statements of operations since December 2, 2011. Income (loss) from consolidated entities attributable to these noncontrolling interests was $752,000, $(989,000) and $(2.1) million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
13. Income Taxes
At December 31, 2012, all of our eight hotel properties were leased by taxable corporations. The taxable corporations recognized net book income before income taxes of $11.0 million, $6.7 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Income tax expense for the taxable corporation that operates six hotels has been calculated on a separate stand-alone basis. For 2012, and the period from December 2, 2011 through December 31, 2011, the results of operations of the six hotels were included in the consolidated tax returns in various jurisdictions of a TRS subsidiary of AHT. For 2010 and the period January 1, 2011 through December 1, 2011, the results of operations of the same hotels, with the exception of the Philadelphia hotel, were included in the consolidated tax returns in various jurisdictions of a TRS subsidiary of AHT. Through December 1, 2011, the Philadelphia hotel was owned by a consolidated partnership in which AHT previously had an ownership interest of 89% and was leased under a triple-net lease to a third-party tenant who operated the hotel property. The partnership was not subject to federal and state income taxes. However, the partnership was subject to city income taxes. The city income tax expense for the consolidated joint venture for 2010 and the period from January 1, 2011 through December 1, 2011, has been included in the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements at the same amounts included in AHTs consolidated financial statements with minor adjustments to reflect the actual tax liabilities per tax returns filed. Income tax expense for the taxable corporations that lease the two hotels owned by the other consolidated partnership and the District of Columbia tax on the partnership has been included in the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements at the same amounts included in AHTs consolidated financial statements with certain adjustments made between current and deferred income tax expense to reflect the actual current tax liabilities per tax returns filed.
F-37
The following table reconciles the income tax expense at statutory rates to the actual income tax (expense) benefit recorded (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense at federal statutory income tax rate of 35% |
$ | (3,729 | ) | $ | (2,282 | ) | $ | (628 | ) | |||
State income tax expense, net of federal income tax benefit |
(366 | ) | (151 | ) | (98 | ) | ||||||
State and local income tax expense on pass-through entity subsidiaries |
(139 | ) | (123 | ) | (101 | ) | ||||||
Gross receipts and margin taxes |
(177 | ) | (170 | ) | (154 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(36 | ) | 27 | | ||||||||
Valuation allowance |
63 | 63 | 353 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | (4,384 | ) | $ | (2,636 | ) | $ | (628 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
The components of income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (3,693 | ) | $ | (1,417 | ) | $ | (323 | ) | |||
State |
(711 | ) | (397 | ) | (305 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total current |
(4,404 | ) | (1,814 | ) | (628 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
18 | (744 | ) | | ||||||||
State |
2 | (78 | ) | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total deferred |
20 | (822 | ) | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | (4,384 | ) | $ | (2,636 | ) | $ | (628 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, income tax expense (benefit) includes interest and penalties paid to taxing authorities of $(2,000), $0 and $0, respectively. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we determined that there were no amounts to accrue for interest and penalties due to taxing authorities.
In May 2006, the State of Texas adopted House Bill 3, which modified the states franchise tax structure, replacing the previous tax based on capital or earned surplus with a margin tax (the Texas Margin Tax) effective with franchise tax reports filed on or after January 1, 2008. The Texas Margin Tax is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for our business) to the profit margin, which is generally determined by total revenue less either the cost of goods sold or compensation as applicable. Although House Bill 3 states that the Texas Margin Tax is not an income tax, we believe that the authoritative accounting guidance related to income taxes applies to the Texas Margin Tax. We recorded an income tax provision for the Texas Margin Tax of $177,000, $170,000 and $154,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
F-38
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, our net deferred tax liability, included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the combined consolidated balance sheets, consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 13 | $ | 13 | ||||
Unearned income |
80 | 81 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liability |
255 | 311 | ||||||
Federal and state net operating losses |
2,027 | 1,858 | ||||||
Accrued expenses |
594 | 538 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
(1,172 | ) | (1,227 | ) | ||||
Accrued revenue |
(224 | ) | (133 | ) | ||||
Tax property basis less than book basis |
(174 | ) | (231 | ) | ||||
Other |
6 | 6 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax asset |
1,405 | 1,216 | ||||||
Valuation allowance |
(2,202 | ) | (2,033 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax liability |
$ | (797 | ) | $ | (817 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a valuation allowance of $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, to substantially offset our deferred tax asset. As a result of cumulative consolidated losses in 2012, 2011 and 2010, and the limitation imposed by the Code on the utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely than not our deferred tax asset will not be realized, and therefore, have provided a valuation allowance to substantially reserve against the balances. The cumulative consolidated losses in 2012, 2011 and 2010 were determined on a carve out basis from AHT. For tax purposes, the Companys activities related to the six wholly-owned properties that were included in the federal, state and local income tax return filings for AHT and its subsidiaries. Net operating losses for AHT and its subsidiaries during 2010, 2011 and 2012 were not able to be carried back. Accordingly, the tax accounts for the Company have been determined, assuming that net operating losses and other tax attributes cannot be carried back. At December 31, 2012, the taxable corporation had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $3.9 million, and are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2023. The $3.9 million of net operating loss carryforwards is attributable to acquired subsidiaries and subject to substantial limitation on its use. The following table summarizes the changes in the valuation allowance (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 2,033 | $ | 2,071 | $ | 2,572 | ||||||
Additions charged to other |
232 | 366 | 14 | |||||||||
Deductions |
(63 | ) | (404 | ) | (515 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 2,202 | $ | 2,033 | $ | 2,071 | ||||||
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|
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14. Segment Reporting
We operate in one business segment within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotels through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, all of our hotel properties were domestically located.
F-39
15. Related Party Transactions
AHT has management agreements with Remington Lodging (Remington), which is beneficially wholly owned by its chairman and chief executive officer and its chairman emeritus. Under the agreements, AHT pays Remington market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project budget cumulatively, including project management fees of up to 4% of project cost.
The following fees related to the management agreements with the related party (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Market service and project management fees |
$ | 940 | $ | 665 | $ | 1,352 |
Management agreements with Remington include exclusivity clauses that requires AHT to engage Remington, unless its independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington or (ii) by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington because either special circumstances exist such that it would be in the best interest of AHT not to engage Remington, or, based on the Remingtons prior performance, it is believed that another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other duties materially better.
16. Concentration of Risk
Our investments are all concentrated within the hotel industry. Our investment strategy is to acquire primarily full-service and select-service hotels in the luxury, upper-upscale and upscale segments located predominantly in domestic and international gateway markets. At present, all of our hotels are located domestically with two located in Seattle, WA comprising 17% of total revenues. During 2012, six of our hotels generated revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues amounting to 86% of total hotel revenue.
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. We are exposed to credit risk with respect to cash held at various financial institutions. At December 31, 2012, our exposure risk related to our cash is spread among a diversified group of investment grade financial institutions.
17. Subsequent Event
On February 26, 2013, AHT refinanced the $141.7 million loan due August 2013, which had an outstanding balance of $141.0 million, with a $199.9 million loan due February 2018. The new loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%, with no LIBOR floor. In connection with the refinance, AHT entered into an interest rate cap with a counterparty, capping LIBOR at 3.00%. The new loan continues to be secured by The Capital Hilton in Washington, D.C. and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines in La Jolla, CA. We have a 75% ownership interest in the properties, with Hilton holding the remaining 25%. The excess loan proceeds above closing costs and reserves were distributed to the partners on a pro rata basis. AHTs share of the distribution was $40.5 million.
F-40
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
Column A | Column B | Column C | Column D | Column E | Column F | Column G | Column H | Column I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Cost |
Costs Capitalized
Since Acquisition |
Gross Carrying Amount
At Close of Period |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel Property |
Location |
Encumbrances | Land |
FF&E,
Buildings and improvements |
Land |
FF&E,
Buildings and improvements |
Land |
FF&E,
Buildings and improvements |
Total |
Accumulated
Depreciation |
Construction
Date |
Acquisition
Date |
Income
Statement |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton |
Washington, D.C. | $ | 79,688 | $ | 45,720 | $ | 111,469 | $ | | $ | 29,772 | $ | 45,720 | $ | 141,241 | $ | 186,961 | $ | 31,505 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton |
La Jolla, CA | 61,979 | | 123,932 | | 13,170 | | 137,102 | 137,102 | 33,063 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott |
Seattle, WA | 134,691 | 31,888 | 112,177 | | 4,963 | 31,888 | 117,140 | 149,028 | 18,980 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott |
Plano, TX | 78,978 | 2,725 | 93,118 | | 5,839 | 2,725 | 98,957 | 101,682 | 16,521 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard by Marriott |
Philadelphia, PA | 42,833 | 9,814 | 94,035 | | 4,235 | 9,814 | 98,270 | 108,084 | 16,861 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard by Marriott |
Seattle, WA | 59,263 | 17,194 | 46,767 | | 3,526 | 17,194 | 50,293 | 67,487 | 7,945 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard by Marriott |
San Francisco, CA | 68,025 | 22,653 | 72,734 | | 3,160 | 22,653 | 75,894 | 98,547 | 12,814 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance |
Tampa, FL | 45,352 | | 69,185 | | 2,139 | | 71,324 | 71,324 | 11,343 | | 04/2007 | (1),(2),(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Construction in Progress |
Various | | | | | 753 | | 753 | 753 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 570,809 | $ | 129,994 | $ | 723,417 | $ | | $ | 67,557 | $ | 129,994 | $ | 790,974 | $ | 920,968 | $ | 149,032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
(1) | Estimated useful life for buildings is 39 years. |
(2) | Estimated useful life for building improvements is 7.5 years. |
(3) | Estimated useful life for furniture and fixtures is 3 to 5 years. |
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Investment in Real Estate: |
||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
$ | 924,318 | $ | 919,356 | $ | 928,258 | ||||||
Additions |
12,183 | 10,555 | 19,859 | |||||||||
Write-offs |
(15,533 | ) | (5,593 | ) | (28,761 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Ending balance |
920,968 | 924,318 | 919,356 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Accumulated Depreciation: |
||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
135,148 | 111,034 | 108,629 | |||||||||
Depreciation expense |
29,417 | 29,707 | 31,166 | |||||||||
Write-offs |
(15,533 | ) | (5,593 | ) | (28,761 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Ending balance |
149,032 | 135,148 | 111,034 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Investment in Real Estate, net |
$ | 771,936 | $ | 789,170 | $ | 808,322 | ||||||
|
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|
F-41
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net |
$ | 765,994 | $ | 771,936 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
14,088 | 20,313 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
6,951 | 16,891 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $38 and $33, respectively |
9,975 | 5,892 | ||||||
Inventories |
284 | 304 | ||||||
Note receivable |
8,098 | 8,098 | ||||||
Deferred costs, net |
2,379 | 2,064 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
2,544 | 1,402 | ||||||
Derivative assets |
5 | | ||||||
Other assets |
1,155 | 1,518 | ||||||
Intangible asset, net |
2,654 | 2,721 | ||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
18,619 | 16,141 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 832,746 | $ | 847,280 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 624,029 | $ | 570,809 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
18,635 | 18,109 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liabilities |
514 | 633 | ||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
693 | 585 | ||||||
Intangible liability, net |
3,810 | 3,852 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
918 | 914 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
648,599 | 594,902 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |
||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Owners equity of the Company |
186,583 | 239,863 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
(2,436 | ) | 12,515 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total equity |
184,147 | 252,378 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 832,746 | $ | 847,280 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-42
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 132,852 | $ | 117,054 | ||||
Food and beverage |
37,799 | 36,149 | ||||||
Other |
7,737 | 6,827 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total hotel revenue |
178,388 | 160,030 | ||||||
Expenses |
||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||
Rooms |
30,183 | 26,666 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
25,323 | 23,847 | ||||||
Other expenses |
46,599 | 42,396 | ||||||
Management fees |
7,651 | 6,700 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total hotel expenses |
109,756 | 99,609 | ||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
8,705 | 7,636 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | 22,197 | ||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
9,222 | 7,994 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
150,547 | 137,436 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Operating income |
27,841 | 22,594 | ||||||
Interest income |
19 | 19 | ||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(24,571 | ) | (23,422 | ) | ||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
(1,971 | ) | | |||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(31 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,287 | (809 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense |
(2,255 | ) | (3,287 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss |
(968 | ) | (4,096 | ) | ||||
Loss from consolidated entity attributable to noncontrolling interests |
575 | 471 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-43
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
Nine Months
Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (968 | ) | $ | (4,096 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |
||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | ||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total other comprehensive loss |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(968 | ) | (4,096 | ) | ||||
Comprehensive loss attributable to a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
575 | 471 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company |
$ | (393 | ) | $ | (3,625 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-44
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
Owners
Equity |
Noncontrolling
Interest in a Consolidated Entity |
Total | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2013 |
$ | 239,863 | $ | 12,515 | $ | 252,378 | ||||||
Distributions to a noncontrolling interest |
| (14,376 | ) | (14,376 | ) | |||||||
Net loss |
(393 | ) | (575 | ) | (968 | ) | ||||||
Capital contributions |
25,255 | | 25,255 | |||||||||
Capital distributions |
(78,142 | ) | | (78,142 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Balance at September 30, 2013 |
$ | 186,583 | $ | (2,436 | ) | $ | 184,147 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-45
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Nine Months
Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (968 | ) | $ | (4,096 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
22,864 | 22,197 | ||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
544 | 940 | ||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
(161 | ) | (149 | ) | ||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
1,971 | | ||||||
Bad debt expense |
712 | | ||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
31 | | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||
Restricted cash |
9,940 | 1,005 | ||||||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
(2,954 | ) | (3,073 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
(284 | ) | 1,201 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
1,181 | 1,915 | ||||||
Due to/from third-party hotel managers |
(2,370 | ) | 1,727 | |||||
Other liabilities |
4 | 58 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
30,510 | 21,725 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel properties |
(17,380 | ) | (7,532 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(17,380 | ) | (7,532 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||||||
Borrowings on indebtedness |
199,875 | | ||||||
Repayments of indebtedness |
(146,654 | ) | (4,943 | ) | ||||
Payments of loan costs and exit fees |
(2,831 | ) | | |||||
Payments for derivatives |
(36 | ) | | |||||
Contributions from owners |
24,146 | 14,243 | ||||||
Distributions to owners |
(78,142 | ) | (21,700 | ) | ||||
Distributions to a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity |
(15,713 | ) | (212 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(19,355 | ) | (12,612 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
(6,225 | ) | 1,581 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
20,313 | 16,451 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 14,088 | $ | 18,032 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 23,891 | $ | 22,642 | ||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities |
||||||||
Financed insurance premiums |
$ | 1,207 | $ | 1,087 | ||||
Non cash contribution from owners |
$ | 1,109 | $ | |
See Notes to Condensed Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-46
THE ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME HOTELS
NOTES TO CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (AHT) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and was formed in Maryland on May 13, 2003. AHT commenced operations in August 2003 and has been focused on investing in the hospitality industry across all segments and in all methods including direct real estate, securities, equity, and debt. AHT owns its lodging investments and conducts its business through the majority-owned Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (AHLP), an operating partnership that was formed in Delaware on May 13, 2003. The general partner of AHLP is Ashford OP Limited Partner LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. AHLP will continue into perpetuity unless earlier dissolved or terminated pursuant to law or the provisions of the AHLP limited partnership agreement. The accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of certain wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries of AHLP that own and operate eight hotels in five states and the District of Columbia. The portfolio includes six wholly-owned hotel properties and two hotel properties that are owned through a partnership in which AHT has a controlling interest. These hotels represent 3,146 total rooms, or 2,912 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our partner. As of September 30, 2013, six of the eight hotel properties were leased by AHTs indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS) for federal income tax purposes and two hotel properties owned through a consolidated partnership were leased to a TRS wholly-owned by such consolidated partnership. Each hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for each lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the TRS is eliminated in consolidation. The hotels are operated under management contracts with Marriott International, Inc. and Hilton Worldwide, which are eligible independent contractors under the Code.
With respect to six of the eight hotels, the accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the following subsidiaries of AHT:
1 | Ashford Plano-M LP |
2 | Ashford Seattle Waterfront LP |
3 | Ashford Tampa International Hotel Partnership LP |
4 | Ashford Seattle Downtown LP |
5 | Ashford San Francisco II LP |
6 | Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP |
7 | Ashford TRS Philadelphia Annex LLC |
8 | Ashford TRS Sapphire III LLC |
9 | Ashford TRS Sapphire VII LLC |
With respect to the other two hotels, the accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ashford HHC Partners III, LP and its subsidiaries which include:
1 | CHH Torrey Pines Hotel Partners, LP |
2 | CHH Capital Hotel Partners, LP |
3 | CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. |
4 | CHH Torrey Pines Tenant Corp. |
5 | CHH Capital Tenant Corp. |
F-47
6 | CHH Torrey Pines Hotel GP, LLC |
7 | CHH Capital Hotel GP, LLC |
The eight hotels which are owned and operated through each of the aforementioned entities are collectively referred to as The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our refers to The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Combination and Consolidation The accompanying historical unaudited condensed combined consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These historical condensed combined consolidated financial statements of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels have been carved out of AHTs consolidated financial statements and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The hotels are under AHTs common control. The condensed combined consolidated financial statements were prepared using the financial position and results of operations of the entities set forth above after adjustments for certain ownership related activities that have been historically accounted for by AHT. These ownership activities include mortgage indebtedness associated with the eight initial hotels, debt related expenses and other owner related expenses. In addition, the condensed combined consolidated statements of operations include allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses from AHT, which in the opinion of management, are reasonable. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between combined consolidated entities have been eliminated in these historical, condensed combined consolidated financial statements. These historical condensed combined consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the historical audited combined consolidated financial statements included in this document.
The following items affect reporting comparability related to our historical condensed combined consolidated financial statements:
| Historical seasonality patterns at some of our properties cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2013. |
| Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages six of our hotel properties. For these Marriott-managed hotels, the 2012 fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations in each of the first three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Beginning in 2013, the fiscal quarters end on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31. Therefore, in any given period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For Marriott-managed hotels, the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years began on December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The 2013 and 2012 fiscal periods ended on September 30, 2013 and September 7, 2012, respectively, and contained 276 days and 252 days, respectively. Prior results have not been adjusted. |
Use of Estimates The preparation of these condensed combined consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
F-48
Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 5% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of guests to make required payments for services. The allowance is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated receivable losses. The estimate is based on past receivable loss experience, known and inherent credit risks, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including specific reserves for certain accounts.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Investments in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are generally stated at cost. For hotel properties owned through our majority-owned entities, the carrying basis attributable to the partners minority ownership is recorded at historical cost, net of any impairment charges, while the carrying basis attributable to our majority ownership is recorded based on the allocated purchase price of our ownership interests in the entities. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations We classify assets as held for sale when we have obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from our ongoing operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the disposal.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.
Intangible Asset, net and Intangible Liability, net Intangible asset represents the market value related to a lease agreement obtained in connection with AHTs acquisition of a hotel property that was below the market rate at the date of the acquisition and is amortized over the remaining term of the lease. Intangible liability represents the market value related to a lease agreement obtained in connection with AHTs acquisition of a hotel property that was above the market rate at the date of the acquisition and is amortized over the remaining term of the lease.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps which provide us with interest rate protection above the strike rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when
F-49
actual rates exceed the cap strike rate. These derivatives are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. We report derivatives with the same counterparty net on the condensed combined consolidated balance sheets.
Derivatives are recorded at fair value in accordance with the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the condensed combined consolidated statements of operations.
Due to/from Third-Party Hotel Managers Due from third-party hotel managers primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott corporate level related to operating, capital improvements, insurance, real estate taxes, and other items. Due to third-party hotel managers primarily consists of amounts due to Marriott and/or Hilton related to rebilled expenses.
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities The noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity represents an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and is reported in equity in the condensed combined consolidated balance sheets.
Income/loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated entities are reported as deductions/additions from/to net income/loss. Comprehensive income/loss attributable to these noncontrolling interests is reported as reductions/additions from/to comprehensive income/loss.
The total carrying value of the noncontrolling interest in a consolidated entity was $(2.4) million and $12.5 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities were allocated losses of $575,000 and $471,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue.
Corporate General and Administrative Expense Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain AHT corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense, insurance expense and office expenses. The costs were allocated based on the pro rata share of our undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties in relation to AHTs undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties for all indirect costs. All direct costs associated with the operations of the eight initial hotel properties are included in the condensed combined consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes The entities that own the eight hotels are considered partnerships for federal income tax purposes. Partnerships are not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. The partnerships revenues and expenses pass through to and are taxed on the owners. The states and cities where the partnerships operate in follow the U.S. federal income tax treatment, with the exception of the District of Columbia, Texas, and the city of Philadelphia. Accordingly, we provide for income taxes in these jurisdictions for the partnerships. The combined consolidated entities that operate the eight hotels are considered taxable corporations for U.S. federal, state, and city income tax purposes. The combined consolidated entities that operate the two hotels owned by a consolidated partnership elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS) in April 2007, when the partnership was acquired by AHT. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions. Income tax expense in the accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements was calculated on a carve-out basis from AHT.
F-50
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. We and our subsidiaries will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities. As more fully described in Note 10, an income tax examination of one of our taxable corporate subsidiaries is currently in process. We believe that the results of completion of this examination will not have a material adverse effect on the accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In December 2011 and further amended in November 2012, the FASB issued accounting guidance to require disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements that are either netted on the balance sheet or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after January 1, 2013 and the disclosures should be reported retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. We adopted this accounting guidance on January 1, 2013. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have any impact on our financial position or results of operations.
3. Summary of Significant Transactions
On February 26, 2013, AHT refinanced the $141.7 million loan due August 2013, which had an outstanding balance of $141.0 million, with a $199.9 million loan due February 2018. The new loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%, with no LIBOR floor. In connection with the refinance, AHT entered into an interest rate cap with a counterparty, capping LIBOR at 3.00%. The new loan continues to be secured by The Capital Hilton in Washington, D.C. and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines in La Jolla, CA. We have a 75% ownership interest in the properties, with Hilton holding the remaining 25%. The excess loan proceeds above closing costs and reserves were distributed to the partners on a pro rata basis. AHTs share of the distribution was approximately $40.5 million.
4. Investment in Hotel Properties, net
Investment in hotel properties, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||
Land |
$ | 129,994 | $ | 129,994 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
745,826 | 739,055 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
43,578 | 49,160 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
1,122 | 2,759 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total cost |
920,520 | 920,968 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(154,526 | ) | (149,032 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 765,994 | $ | 771,936 | ||||
|
|
|
|
F-51
5. Note Receivable
As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, AHT owned a note receivable of $8.1 million from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The note bears interest at a rate of 12.85% and matures in 2018. The interest income recorded on the note receivable is offset against the interest expense recorded on the TIF loan of the same amount. See Note 6.
6. Indebtedness
Indebtedness was as follows at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
Indebtedness | Collateral | Maturity |
Interest
Rate |
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||||||
Mortgage loan (3) |
2 hotels | August 2013 | LIBOR (1) +2.75% | $ | | $ | 141,667 | |||||||||
Mortgage loan (2) |
1 hotel | April 2017 | 5.91% | 34,420 | 34,735 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
2 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 126,147 | 127,288 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
3 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 256,698 | 259,021 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loan (3) |
2 hotels | February 2018 | LIBOR (1) +3.50% | 198,666 | | |||||||||||
TIF loan (2)(4) |
1 hotel | June 2018 | 12.85% | 8,098 | 8,098 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 624,029 | $ | 570,809 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | LIBOR rates were 0.179% and 0.209% at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. |
(2) | These loans are collateralized by the same property. |
(3) | On February 26, 2013, AHT refinanced the $141.7 million loan due August 2013 with a $199.9 million loan due February 2018. The new loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%, with no LIBOR floor. |
(4) | The interest expense from the TIF loan is offset against interest income recorded on the note receivable of the same amount. See Note 5. |
On February 26, 2013, AHT refinanced the $141.7 million loan due August 2013, which had an outstanding balance of $141.0 million, with a $199.9 million loan due February 2018. The new loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%, with no LIBOR floor. In connection with the refinance, AHT entered into an interest rate cap with a counterparty, capping LIBOR at 3.00%. The new loan continues to be secured by The Capital Hilton in Washington, D.C. and the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines in La Jolla, CA. We have a 75% ownership interest in the properties, with Hilton holding the remaining 25%. The excess loan proceeds above closing costs and reserves were distributed to the partners on a pro rata basis. AHTs share of the excess loan proceeds was approximately $40.5 million.
The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of the combined consolidated group. Presently, our existing financial covenants are non-recourse and primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios. As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt agreements as amended.
7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Interest Rate Derivatives We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage the risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt as a way to potentially improve cash flows. The interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps, which are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.
In 2013, AHT entered into an interest rate cap with a notional amount and strike rate of $199.9 million and 3.00%, respectively, which had an effective date of March 2013, a maturity date of March 2015 and total cost of
F-52
$36,000. The instrument was not designated as a cash flow hedge. This instrument caps the interest rate on our mortgage loan with a principal balance of $198.7 million and a maturity date of February 2018.
8. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
| Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. |
| Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. |
| Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. |
The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterpartys non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.
We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
Significant Other
Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Total | |||||||
September 30, 2013 |
||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Derivative assets: |
||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
$ | 5 | $ | 5 | (1) |
(1) | Reported as Derivative assets in the condensed combined consolidated balance sheets. |
At December 31, 2012 there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
F-53
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Condensed Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations
The following tables summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on the condensed combined consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Derivative assets: |
||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
$ | (31 | ) (1) | $ | |
(1) | Reported as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the condensed combined consolidated statements of operations. |
9. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as notes receivable and indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
Financial assets mearsured at fair value: |
||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets |
$ | 5 | $ | 5 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Financial assets not meaured at fair value: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 14,088 | $ | 14,088 | $ | 20,313 | $ | 20,313 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 6,951 | $ | 6,951 | $ | 16,891 | $ | 16,891 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable |
$ | 9,975 | $ | 9,975 | $ | 5,892 | $ | 5,892 | ||||||||
Notes receivable |
$ | 8,098 | $ | 11,218 to $12,399 | $ | 8,098 | $ | 11,796 to $13,037 | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
$ | 18,619 | $ | 18,619 | $ | 16,141 | $ | 16,141 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value: |
||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 624,029 | $ | 616,965 to $681,908 | $ | 570,809 | $ | 552,245 to $610,376 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 18,635 | $ | 18,635 | $ | 18,109 | $ | 18,109 | ||||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
$ | 693 | $ | 693 | $ | 585 | $ | 585 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and due to/from third-party hotel managers . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
F-54
Notes receivable . Fair value of the note receivable was determined by using similar loans with similar collateral. Since there is very little to no trading activity, we had to rely on our internal analysis of what we believe a willing buyer would pay for this note at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. We estimated the fair value of the note receivable to be approximately 38.5% to 53.1% higher than the carrying value of $8.1 million at September 30, 2013, and approximately 45.7% to 61.0% higher than the carrying value of $8.1 million at December 31, 2012. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
Derivative assets . Fair value of the interest rate derivatives are determined using the net present value of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of the Company and the counterparties. See Notes 2, 7 and 8 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining fair values.
Indebtedness . Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 98.9% to 109.3% of the carrying value of $624.0 million at September 30, 2013, and approximately 96.7% to 106.9% of the carrying value of $570.8 million at December 31, 2012. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2013, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Management Fees Under management agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2013, we paid a) 3% to 7% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, for certain hotels, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by AHTs independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2041, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Litigation The Company is engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss for these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect upon the combined consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if the Company failed to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses were to exceed the Companys current estimates of the range of potential losses, the Companys combined consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
Income Taxes We and our subsidiaries will file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
F-55
As part of our formation transactions, AHT will contribute its indirect interest in CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. (CHH), the parent of the TRS lessees for two of our initial properties, and for which we intend to elect to treat as a TRS. AHT also elected to treat CHH III Tenant Parent Corp. as a TRS.
In September 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) completed an audit of CHH for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. The IRS issued a notice of proposed adjustment based on Section 482 of the Code that reduced the amount of rent AHT charged CHH. AHT owns a 75% interest in the hotel properties and CHH. In connection with the CHH audit, the IRS selected AHT for audit for the same tax year. In October 2011, the IRS issued an income tax adjustment to AHT as an alternative to the CHH proposed adjustment. The AHT adjustment is based on the REIT 100% federal excise tax on its share of the amount by which the rent was held to be greater than the arms length rate. AHT strongly disagreed with the IRS position and appealed its cases to the IRS Appeals Office. In determining amounts payable by CHH under its leases, AHT engaged a third party to prepare a transfer pricing study which concluded that the lease terms were consistent with arms length terms as required by applicable Treasury regulations. AHT believes the IRS transfer pricing methodologies applied in the audits contained flaws and that the IRS adjustments to the rent charged were inconsistent with the U.S. federal tax laws related to REITs and true leases. The IRS Appeals Office reviewed the AHT and CHH cases in 2012. In July 2013, the IRS Appeals Office issued no-change letters for CHH and AHT indicating that the 2007 tax returns were accepted as filed and the examinations resulted in no deficiencies. U.S. federal income tax assessment statutes of limitations generally limit the time the IRS has to make assessments to within three years after a return is due or filed, whichever is later. As a result, the IRS has requested and AHT agreed to extend the assessment statute of limitations for both CHH and AHT for the 2007 tax year to March 31, 2014. Accordingly, the IRS has the right to reopen the cases until March 31, 2014. However, the IRS typically only reopens closed cases in very limited circumstances, none of which AHT believes are applicable to its cases.
In June 2012, the IRS completed audits of CHH and AHT for the tax years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009. With respect to the 2009 tax year, the IRS has not proposed any adjustments to CHH or AHT. For the 2008 tax year, the IRS issued notices of proposed adjustments for both AHT and CHH. The AHT adjustment is for $3.3 million of U.S. federal excise taxes and represents the amount by which the IRS asserts that the rent charged to CHH was greater than the arms length rate pursuant to IRC Section 482. The CHH adjustment is for $1.6 million of additional income, which would equate to approximately $467,000 of additional U.S. federal income taxes and potential state income taxes of $83,000, net of federal benefit. The CHH adjustment represents the IRS imputation of compensation to CHH under IRC Section 482 for agreeing to be a party to the lessor entitys bank loan agreement. AHT owns a 75% interest in the lessor entity. AHT strongly disagrees with both of the IRS adjustments for the reasons noted under the 2007 audits, and in addition, AHT believes the IRS has misinterpreted certain terms of the lease, third-party hotel management, and bank loan agreements. AHT appealed the cases to the IRS Appeals Office, and the IRS has assigned the same Appeals team that oversaw the 2007 cases to the 2008 cases. AHT's representatives attended the initial Appeals conference for the 2008 cases in August 2013. One or more additional conferences with the Appeals Office will be required to resolve the cases and AHT anticipates these will occur in 2014. The IRS has requested and AHT has agreed to extend the assessment statute of limitations three times for both CHH and AHT for the 2008 tax year. The most recent request was made in August 2013, and extends the statute for the 2008 tax year to September 30, 2014.
With respect to the 2008 IRS audit, AHT believes CHH and AHT will substantially prevail in the eventual settlement of the audits and that the settlements will not have a material adverse effect on the accompanying condensed combined consolidated financial statements. AHT has concluded that the positions reported on the tax returns under audit by the IRS are, solely on their technical merits, more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination.
11. Segment Reporting
We operate in one business segment within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotels through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all of our hotel properties were domestically located.
F-56
To the Venturers of
Pier House Joint Venture
Cleveland, Ohio
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Pier House Joint Venture (the Joint Venture) which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive income, venturers equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.
Managements Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditors Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the Joint Ventures preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Joint Ventures internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Pier House Joint Venture as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 25, 2013
F-57
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
See notes to financial statements.
F-58
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
REVENUES: |
||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 14,318,374 | $ | 13,404,236 | ||||
Food and beverage |
2,996,998 | 2,686,927 | ||||||
Telephone |
2,188 | 3,060 | ||||||
Caribbean Spa |
982,399 | 1,018,892 | ||||||
Other |
391,099 | 465,805 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
18,691,058 | 17,578,920 | |||||||
DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES: |
||||||||
Rooms |
2,102,368 | 2,120,361 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
2,492,752 | 2,347,454 | ||||||
Telephone |
65,870 | 64,893 | ||||||
Caribbean Spa |
798,229 | 800,953 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
5,459,219 | 5,333,661 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
13,231,839 | 12,245,259 | |||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: |
||||||||
Management fees |
935,054 | 886,411 | ||||||
Real estate taxes |
261,397 | 257,442 | ||||||
Loss on disposal of assets |
26,371 | 71,489 | ||||||
Other operating expenses |
5,336,570 | 5,226,264 | ||||||
Other expenses, net |
1,434,456 | 1,156,677 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
7,993,848 | 7,598,283 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
5,237,991 | 4,646,976 | |||||||
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |
||||||||
Interest income |
47,055 | 53,361 | ||||||
Interest expense |
(1,625,663 | ) | (1,622,405 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
(1,578,608 | ) | (1,569,044 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
3,659,383 | 3,077,932 | |||||||
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION |
1,489,260 | 1,513,566 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
NET INCOME |
2,170,123 | 1,564,366 | ||||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of reclassification adjustment |
(31,878 | ) | (13,908 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
$ | 2,138,245 | $ | 1,550,458 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See notes to financial statements.
F-59
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
STATEMENTS OF VENTURERS EQUITY
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
2012 | ||||||||||||
Total |
JG Key West LLC |
JG Pier House LLC |
||||||||||
CASH INVESTMENTJanuary 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012 |
$ | 9,835,347 | $ | 5,165,347 | $ | 4,670,000 | ||||||
ACCUMULATED LOSSJanuary 1, 2012 |
(6,731,327 | ) | (3,613,337 | ) | (3,117,990 | ) | ||||||
Net income |
2,170,123 | 1,085,062 | 1,085,061 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
ACCUMULATED LOSSDecember 31, 2012 |
(4,561,204 | ) | (2,528,275 | ) | (2,032,929 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
INVESTMENTDecember 31, 2012 |
5,274,143 | 2,637,072 | 2,637,071 | |||||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE |
||||||||||||
LOSSJanuary 1, 2012 |
(83,838 | ) | (41,919 | ) | (41,919 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
(31,878 | ) | (15,939 | ) | (15,939 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE |
||||||||||||
LOSSDecember 31, 2012 |
(115,716 | ) | (57,858 | ) | (57,858 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
VENTURERS EQUITYDecember 31, 2012 |
$ | 5,158,427 | $ | 2,579,214 | $ | 2,579,213 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
2011 | ||||||||||||
Total |
JG Key West
LLC |
JG Pier House
LLC |
||||||||||
CASH INVESTMENTJanuary 1, 2011 |
9,845,347 | 5,170,347 | 4,675,000 | |||||||||
DISTRIBUTIONS |
(10,000 | ) | (5,000 | ) | (5,000 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
CASH INVESTMENTDecember 31, 2011 |
9,835,347 | 5,165,347 | 4,670,000 | |||||||||
ACCUMULATED LOSSJanuary 1, 2011 |
(8,295,693 | ) | (4,395,520 | ) | (3,900,173 | ) | ||||||
Net income |
1,564,366 | 782,183 | 782,183 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
ACCUMULATED LOSSDecember 31, 2011 |
(6,731,327 | ) | (3,613,337 | ) | (3,117,990 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
INVESTMENTDecember 31, 2011 |
3,104,020 | 1,552,010 | 1,552,010 | |||||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE |
||||||||||||
LOSSJanuary 1, 2011 |
(69,930 | ) | (34,965 | ) | (34,965 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
(13,908 | ) | (6,954 | ) | (6,954 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE |
||||||||||||
LOSSDecember 31, 2011 |
(83,838 | ) | (41,919 | ) | (41,919 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
VENTURERS EQUITYDecember 31, 2011 |
$ | 3,020,182 | $ | 1,510,091 | $ | 1,510,091 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to financial statements.
F-60
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 2,170,123 | $ | 1,564,366 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,522,167 | 1,545,552 | ||||||
Loss on disposal of assets |
26,371 | 71,489 | ||||||
Decrease (increase) in receivables |
34,184 | (29,132 | ) | |||||
Decrease (increase) in inventories |
9,372 | (39,842 | ) | |||||
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets |
8,349 | (24,234 | ) | |||||
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
13,316 | 151,471 | ||||||
Increase in advanced deposits |
188,797 | 360,777 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
3,972,679 | 3,600,447 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Purchase of land |
(7,632,243 | ) | | |||||
Additions to hotel facilities |
(375,500 | ) | (540,705 | ) | ||||
Decrease (increase) of restricted deposits |
350,831 | (389,288 | ) | |||||
Cash invested in pooled funds |
(10,923,966 | ) | (7,215,955 | ) | ||||
Cash received from pooled funds |
11,966,442 | 4,812,044 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(6,614,436 | ) | (3,333,904 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Distributions to venturers |
| (10,000 | ) | |||||
Payments on mortgage note payable |
(629,729 | ) | (588,668 | ) | ||||
Repayment of capital lease obligations |
(28,244 | ) | (3,922 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from loan payable to related party |
3,300,000 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
2,642,027 | (602,590 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
270 | (336,047 | ) | |||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSBeginning of year |
312,189 | 648,236 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSEnd of year |
$ | 312,459 | $ | 312,189 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Additions to hotel facilities |
$ | | $ | (94,659 | ) | |||
Increase in capital lease obligations |
| 94,659 |
See notes to financial statements.
F-61
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation The financial statements of Pier House Joint Venture (the Joint Venture) are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include only those assets, liabilities and results of operations which relate to the business of the Joint Venture.
Fair Value Measurements Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The FASBs ASC establishes a three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable input be used when available.
The only asset or liability held by the Joint Venture that is measured at fair value is the Investment in Pooled Funds. The Investment in Pooled Funds is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as defined by the FASBs ASC. Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy includes valuation inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents The Joint Venture considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand.
Restricted Deposits At December 31, 2012 and 2011, deposits include escrows under the mortgage notes payable. At December 31, 2011 deposits also include a $315,000 bid bond submitted to the City of Key West for purchase of the Spa building land which in 2012 was applied toward the purchase of Spa building land.
Investment in Pooled Funds The Joint Venture participates in a pooled fund arrangement, along with other entities affiliated through common ownership. Through an affiliate, cash is accumulated and invested in money market funds and various debt securities (marketable securities). Included in the balance sheet is the Joint Ventures undivided interest in marketable securities. Included in interest income is the Joint Ventures proportionate share of income earned on the pooled funds arrangement, including realized gains computed on the basis of specific identification of $27,485 and $28,480 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Joint Venture is allocated its share of income based upon the daily weighted average balance of its investment relative to all other participants in the pooled funds. The investment in pooled funds is classified as available-for-sale and is carried at fair value based on quoted market rates of the underlying marketable securities.
The following table presents the relative composition of marketable securities by category at fair value and amortized cost held in the pooled funds at December 31, 2012 and 2011:
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Money market funds |
56 | % | 27 | % | ||||
U.S. government securities |
38 | 58 | ||||||
U.S. agency securities |
6 | 15 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
F-62
The relative contractual maturities of debt securities held in the pooled funds at December 31, 2012, are as follows:
Due in one year or less |
3 | % | ||
Due after one year through five years |
97 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
100 | % | ||
|
|
Inventories Inventories of food, beverage and market items are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. China, glassware, silver, linen and uniforms are adjusted periodically to reflect actual quantities and are valued at cost. A valuation reserve for certain items in use has been recorded at 25% of cost.
Land Land is stated at cost and includes the land under the Spa Building which was purchased by the Joint Venture from the City of Key West for $7,500,000 in 2012.
Hotel Buildings and Equipment Hotel buildings and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated using the straight line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Buildings and improvements |
5 - 40 years | |||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
3 - 10 years |
Revenue Recognition Revenue from operation of the hotel is recognized as services are provided. These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy tax collected from guests as earned and fee commissions to wholesalers.
Deferred Loan Costs These costs represent the costs of obtaining financing and are being amortized over the term of the related loan. Accumulated amortization for these costs was $270,618 and $237,711 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Income Taxes No provision has been made for federal and state income taxes since these taxes are the responsibility of the venturers.
Management has evaluated its tax positions, including its pass-through status, and has determined that the positions have no effect on the Joint Ventures financial position or results of operations.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Joint Venture computes unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities on the basis of specific identification. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive income (loss) in the statements of venturers equity.
Subsequent Events The Joint Venture has evaluated subsequent events through February 25, 2013, the date that the Joint Ventures financial statements were available for issuance.
2. | OPERATIONS |
The Joint Venture was formed in June 1980 for the purpose of owning and operating a resort hotel in Key West, Florida.
F-63
3. | MORTGAGE NOTES PAYABLE |
Mortgage notes payable are collateralized by certain hotel facilities and receivables, restricted deposits, and inventories. The terms of the mortgage notes are summarized as follows:
Jackson National Life | Jackson National Life | |||||||
Mortgagee |
Insurance Company | Insurance Company | ||||||
Original date |
October 26, 2004 | October 26, 2004 | ||||||
Maturity date |
November 1, 2014 | November 1, 2014 | ||||||
Original amount |
$ | 14,000,000 | $ | 2,400,000 | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 |
$ | 11,749,729 | $ | 560,558 | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 12,100,009 | $ | 840,007 | ||||
Monthly payment |
$ | 99,844 | (1) | $ | 27,057 | (1) | ||
Interest rate (fixed) |
7.10 | % | 6.34 | % |
(1) | Payment represents principal and interest amortized over a period of 10 years. |
As of December 31, 2012, scheduled payments on the mortgage notes payable are as follows:
2013 |
$ | 615,776 | ||
2014 |
11,694,511 | |||
|
|
|||
$ | 12,310,287 | |||
|
|
Pursuant to the provisions of the mortgage note, real estate taxes and repair and maintenance reserves are being deposited into an escrow account.
Interest paid totaled $893,076 and $934,139 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Interest expense includes loan fee amortization of $32,907 and $31,986 in 2012 and 2011, respectively.
4. | OPERATING LEASE OBLIGATIONS |
At December 31, 2012, the Joint Venture is obligated under operating leases for certain other hotel equipment. The ground lease for the land under the Spa Building was terminated in 2012 upon acquisition of the land by the Joint Venture.
As of December 31, 2012, scheduled minimum future operating lease obligations are summarized as follows:
Year ending December 31: |
||||
2013 |
$ | 16,968 | ||
2014 |
16,968 | |||
2015 |
14,392 | |||
2016 |
1,512 | |||
2017 |
1,512 | |||
Thereafter |
| |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 51,352 | ||
|
|
Rental expense for operating leases for 2012 and 2011 was $21,998 and $25,144, respectively.
F-64
5. | CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATION |
The Joint Venture is obligated under two capital equipment leases that expire in 2014. The future minimum capital lease obligations at December 31, 2012 are as follows:
2013 |
$ | 35,860 | ||
2014 |
30,000 | |||
|
|
|||
Total minimum capital lease payments |
65,860 | |||
Less imputed interest |
3,367 | |||
|
|
|||
Present value of net minimum capital lease payments |
$ | 62,493 | ||
|
|
Assets of $94,659 held under the capitalized lease at December 31, 2012, are included in furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Amortization of assets under the capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.
6. | RENTAL INCOME UNDER OPERATING LEASES |
The Joint Venture has an operating lease for operation of a restaurant and lounge at the hotel. The lease is for 18 years commencing March 17, 2006, and includes base rent and percentage rent based on sales volume. Base rent is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. No percentage rent was due for 2012 and 2011.
Base rent under the lease is as follows:
2013 |
$ | 112,440 | ||
2014 |
112,440 | |||
2015 |
112,440 | |||
2016 |
112,440 | |||
2017 |
112,440 | |||
Thereafter |
684,010 |
7. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
The Joint Venture is provided a variety of services by affiliated entities including legal, accounting, administration, architectural, engineering and construction management services. Fees for these services are based upon an hourly rate for the actual hours of work performed by employees of the affiliates. Total amounts charged for these services were $123,024 and $84,635 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Additionally, annual management fees of 5% of hotel revenues are charged to the Joint Venture for various services provided by Jacobs Group Hospitality LLC and The Richard E. Jacobs Group on behalf of the hotel. These fees totaled $935,054 and $886,411 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Accounts payable to related entities at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were $87,882 and $81,373, respectively.
During 2012 the Joint Venture borrowed an additional $3,300,000. The terms of the additional borrowings follow the existing loan terms. At December 31, 2012 and 2011 the following amounts were outstanding under loans to the following related entities:
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
The D.H. Jacobs Trust |
$ | 9,038,802 | $ | 7,611,275 | ||||
REJ Realty LLC |
11,855,698 | 9,983,225 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 20,894,500 | $ | 17,594,500 | |||||
|
|
|
|
F-65
The loans mature on December 31, 2015 and require quarterly interest payments. The interest rates are based on the rate of available bank lines of credit. The interest rates were 3.75% at December 31, 2012 and 2011. Interest paid totaled $670,790 and $643,055 in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Accrued interest payable on these loans were $187,521 and $168,614 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
8. | SUBSEQUENT EVENT |
Subsequent to year end, management began to market the hotel property for sale.
* * * * * *
F-66
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
MAY 13, 2013 AND DECEMBER 31, 2012 (UNAUDITED)
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-67
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 2013 THROUGH MAY 13, 2013 AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Period From
January 1, 2013 Through May 13, 2013 |
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2012 |
|||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
REVENUES: |
||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 6,755,013 | $ | 10,901,540 | ||||
Food and beverage |
1,345,776 | 2,232,398 | ||||||
Telephone |
1,791 | 1,836 | ||||||
Caribbean Spa |
434,790 | 754,936 | ||||||
Other |
165,676 | 287,556 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
8,703,046 | 14,178,266 | |||||||
DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES: |
||||||||
Rooms |
795,422 | 1,419,647 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
987,962 | 1,833,104 | ||||||
Telephone |
24,725 | 49,826 | ||||||
Caribbean Spa |
320,502 | 605,792 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
2,128,611 | 3,908,369 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
6,574,435 | 10,269,897 | |||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: |
||||||||
Management fees |
437,348 | 711,331 | ||||||
Real estate taxes |
129,282 | 196,947 | ||||||
Other operating expenses |
1,879,044 | 4,111,985 | ||||||
Other expenses, net |
685,991 | 1,009,283 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
3,131,665 | 6,029,546 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
3,442,770 | 4,240,351 | |||||||
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |
||||||||
Interest income |
291 | 34,799 | ||||||
Interest expense |
(625,413 | ) | (1,208,423 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
(625,122 | ) | (1,173,624 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
2,817,648 | 3,066,727 | |||||||
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION |
553,807 | 1,143,150 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
NET INCOME |
2,263,841 | 1,923,577 | ||||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSUnrealized loss on marketable securities, net of reclassification adjustment |
(2,046 | ) | (21,914 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
$ | 2,261,795 | $ | 1,901,663 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-68
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF VENTURERS EQUITY
PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 2013 THROUGH MAY 13, 2013 (UNAUDITED)
Total | ||||
CASH INVESTMENTJanuary 1, 2013 |
$ | 9,835,347 | ||
ACCUMULATED LOSSJanuary 1, 2013 |
(4,561,204 | ) | ||
Net income |
2,263,841 | |||
|
|
|||
ACCUMULATED LOSSMay 13, 2013 |
(2,297,363 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
INVESTMENTMay 13, 2013 |
7,537,984 | |||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSJanuary 1, 2013 |
(115,716 | ) | ||
Other comprehensive loss |
(2,046 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSMay 13, 2013 |
(117,762 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
VENTURERS EQUITYMay 13, 2013 |
$ | 7,420,222 | ||
|
|
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-69
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 2013 THROUGH MAY 13, 2013 AND
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 (UNAUDITED)
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-70
PIER HOUSE JOINT VENTURE
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF MAY 13, 2013 AND DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 2013 THROUGH MAY 13, 2013 AND FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 (UNAUDITED)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation The financial statements of Pier House Joint Venture (the Joint Venture) are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The financial statements include only those assets, liabilities and results of operations which relate to the business of the Joint Venture. The financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included earlier in this document. Historical seasonality patterns cause fluctuations in the overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Fair Value Measurements Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The FASBs ASC establishes a three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable input be used when available.
The only asset or liability held by the Joint Venture that is measured at fair value is the Investment in Pooled Funds. The Investment in Pooled Funds is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as defined by the FASBs ASC. Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy includes valuation inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents The Joint Venture considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand.
Restricted Deposits At May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012, deposits include escrows under the mortgage notes payable.
Investment in Pooled Funds The Joint Venture participates in a pooled fund arrangement, along with other entities affiliated through common ownership. Through an affiliate, cash is accumulated and invested in money market funds and various debt securities (marketable securities). Included in the balance sheet is the Joint Ventures undivided interest in marketable securities. Included in interest income is the Joint Ventures proportionate share of income earned on the pooled funds arrangement, including realized gains computed on the basis of specific identification of $38 and $18,326 in the periods ended May 13, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively. The Joint Venture is allocated its share of income based upon the daily weighted average balance of its investment relative to all other participants in the pooled funds. The investment in pooled funds is classified as available-for-sale and is carried at fair value based on quoted market rates of the underlying marketable securities.
F-71
The relative contractual maturities of debt securities held in the pooled funds at May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, are as follows:
May 13, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
Due in one year or less |
6 | % | 3 | % | ||||
Due after one year through five years |
94 | 97 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
Inventories Inventories of food, beverage and market items are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. China, glassware, silver, linen and uniforms are adjusted periodically to reflect actual quantities and are valued at cost. A valuation reserve for certain items in use has been recorded at 25% of cost.
Land Land is stated at cost and includes the land under the Spa Building which was purchased by the Joint Venture from the City of Key West for $7,500,000 in 2012.
Hotel Buildings and Equipment Hotel buildings and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated using the straight line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Buildings and improvements |
5 - 40 years | |||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
3 - 10 years |
Revenue Recognition Revenue from operation of the hotel is recognized as services are provided. These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy tax collected from guests as earned and fee commissions to wholesalers.
Deferred Loan Costs These costs represent the costs of obtaining financing and are being amortized over the term of the related loan. Accumulated amortization for these costs was $282,842 and $270,618 at May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Income Taxes No provision has been made for federal and state income taxes since these taxes are the responsibility of the venturers.
Management has evaluated its tax positions, including its pass-through status, and has determined that the positions have no effect on the Joint Ventures financial position or results of operations.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Other Comprehensive Loss The Joint Venture computes unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities on the basis of specific identification. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive loss in the statements of venturers equity.
2. OPERATIONS
The Joint Venture was formed in June 1980 for the purpose of owning and operating a resort hotel in Key West, Florida.
F-72
3. MORTGAGE NOTES PAYABLE
Mortgage notes payable are collateralized by certain hotel facilities and receivables, restricted deposits, and inventories. The terms of the mortgage notes are summarized as follows:
Jackson National Life | Jackson National Life | |||||||
Mortgagee |
Insurance Company | Insurance Company | ||||||
Original date |
October 26, 2004 | October 26, 2004 | ||||||
Maturity date |
November 1, 2014 | November 1, 2014 | ||||||
Original amount |
$ | 14,000,000 | $ | 2,400,000 | ||||
Balance at May 13, 2013 |
$ | 11,627,350 | $ | 463,411 | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 |
$ | 11,749,729 | $ | 560,558 | ||||
Monthly payment |
$ | 99,844 | (1) | $ | 27,057 | (1) | ||
Interest rate (fixed) |
7.10 | % | 6.34 | % |
(1) | Payment represents principal and interest amortized over a period of 10 years. |
Pursuant to the provisions of the mortgage note, real estate taxes and repair and maintenance reserves are being deposited into an escrow account.
Interest paid totaled $288,076 and $676,435 for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. Interest expense includes loan fee amortization of $12,225 and $24,700 for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively.
4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Joint Venture is provided a variety of services by affiliated entities including legal, accounting, administration, architectural, engineering and construction management services. Fees for these services are based upon an hourly rate for the actual hours of work performed by employees of the affiliates. Total amounts charged for these services were $136,492 and $76,989 for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. Additionally, annual management fees of 5% of hotel revenues are charged to the Joint Venture for various services provided by Jacobs Group Hospitality LLC and The Richard E. Jacobs Group on behalf of the hotel. These fees totaled $437,348 and $711,331 for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. Accounts payable to related entities at May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $136,080 and $87,882, respectively.
During 2012 the Joint Venture borrowed an additional $3,300,000. The terms of the additional borrowings follow the existing loan terms. At May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012 the following amounts were outstanding under loans to the following related entities:
May 13, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
The D.H. Jacobs Trust |
$ | 9,038,802 | $ | 9,038,802 | ||||
REJ Realty LLC |
11,855,698 | 11,855,698 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 20,894,500 | $ | 20,894,500 | |||||
|
|
|
|
The loans mature on December 31, 2015 and require quarterly interest payments. The interest rates are based on the rate of available bank lines of credit. The interest rates were 3.75% at May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Interest paid totaled $383,406 and $502,176 for the period from January 1, 2013 through May 13, 2013 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. Accrued interest payable on these loans was $95,766 and $187,521 at May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
5. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On May 14, 2013, the property was sold to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. for $90,000,000 in cash.
F-73
CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands)
September 30,
2013 |
||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Assets |
||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 89,094 | ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
3,698 | |||
Restricted cash |
300 | |||
Accounts receivable |
209 | |||
Inventories |
82 | |||
Derivative assets |
39 | |||
Deferred costs, net |
1,737 | |||
Prepaid expenses and other |
657 | |||
|
|
|||
Total assets |
$ | 95,816 | ||
|
|
|||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||
Liabilities: |
||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 69,000 | ||
Capital lease payable |
37 | |||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
3,927 | |||
Due to related party, net |
32 | |||
|
|
|||
Total liabilities |
72,996 | |||
|
|
|||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||
Equity: |
||||
Owners equity |
22,820 | |||
|
|
|||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 95,816 | ||
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-74
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
For the Period from
May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 |
||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Revenue |
||||
Rooms |
$ | 4,973 | ||
Food and beverage |
996 | |||
Other |
474 | |||
|
|
|||
Total hotel revenue |
6,443 | |||
Expenses |
||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||
Rooms |
818 | |||
Food and beverage |
842 | |||
Other expenses |
2,053 | |||
Management fees |
193 | |||
|
|
|||
Total hotel expenses |
3,906 | |||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
451 | |||
Depreciation |
831 | |||
Acquisition costs |
872 | |||
Corporate general and administrative |
378 | |||
|
|
|||
Total expenses |
6,438 | |||
|
|
|||
Operating income |
5 | |||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(276 | ) | ||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
(109 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Loss before income taxes |
(380 | ) | ||
Income tax expense |
(56 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Net loss |
$ | (436 | ) | |
|
|
|||
Comprehensive loss |
$ | (436 | ) | |
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-75
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Owners
Equity |
||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Balance at May 14, 2013 |
$ | | ||
Net loss |
(436 | ) | ||
Capital contributions |
89,962 | |||
Capital distributions |
(66,706 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at September 30, 2013 |
$ | 22,820 | ||
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-76
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
For the Period from
May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 |
||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||
Net loss |
$ | (436 | ) | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |
||||
Depreciation |
831 | |||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
109 | |||
Amortization of loan costs |
71 | |||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effect of hotel acquisition |
||||
Restricted cash |
(300 | ) | ||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
(90 | ) | ||
Prepaid expenses and other |
246 | |||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
1,152 | |||
Due to related party, net |
32 | |||
|
|
|||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
1,615 | |||
|
|
|||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||
Acquisition of hotel property, net of cash acquired |
(88,204 | ) | ||
Improvements and additions to hotel property |
(1 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(88,205 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||
Borrowings on indebtedness |
69,000 | |||
Repayments of capital lease |
(12 | ) | ||
Payments of loan costs |
(1,808 | ) | ||
Payments for derivatives |
(148 | ) | ||
Contributions from owner |
89,962 | |||
Distributions from owner |
(66,706 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
90,288 | |||
|
|
|||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
3,698 | |||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
| |||
|
|
|||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 3,698 | ||
|
|
|||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||
Interest paid |
$ | 49 | ||
Income taxes paid |
$ | | ||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities |
||||
Financed insurance premiums |
$ | 804 | ||
Net other liabilities acquired |
$ | 1,690 |
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-77
PIER HOUSE RESORT
NOTES TO CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (AHT) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and was formed in Maryland on May 13, 2003. AHT commenced operations in August 2003. The accompanying condensed combined financial statements include the accounts of Ashford Pier House LP and Ashford TRS Pier House LLC. Ashford Pier House LP, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (AHLP), owns one hotel in Key West, Florida. This hotel contains 142 total rooms. As of September 30, 2013, the hotel property was leased and operated by Ashford TRS Pier House LLC, AHTs indirect wholly-owned subsidiary that is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) for federal income tax purposes. The hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for the lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the TRS is eliminated in combination. The hotel is operated under a management contract with Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, together with its affiliates (Remington Lodging), which is beneficially wholly owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, AHTs Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., AHTs Chairman Emeritus, and is an eligible independent contractor under the Code.
On May 14, 2013, we acquired a 100% interest in the Pier House Resort for a contractual purchase price of $90.0 million in cash. In connection with the acquisition, we incurred transaction costs of $872,000, which are included in transaction costs on the condensed combined statement of operations. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition based on a third party appraisal.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition (in thousands):
Land |
$ | 56,900 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
26,924 | |||
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment |
6,100 | |||
|
|
|||
89,924 | ||||
Net other assets and liabilities |
(1,690 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 88,234 | ||
|
|
The hotel which is owned and operated through each of the aforementioned entities are collectively referred to as Pier House. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our refers to Pier House.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Combination The accompanying historical unaudited condensed combined financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These historical condensed combined financial statements of Pier House have been carved out of AHTs consolidated financial statements and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The combined entities are under AHTs common control. The condensed combined financial statements were prepared using the financial position and results of operations of the entities set forth above after adjustments for certain ownership related activities that have been historically accounted for by AHT. These
F-78
ownership activities include owner related expenses. In addition, the condensed combined statement of operations include allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses from AHT, which in the opinion of management, are reasonable. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between combined entities have been eliminated in these historical condensed combined financial statements.
The following item affects reporting comparability related to our historical condensed combined financial statements:
| Historical seasonality patterns at our property cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the period from May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the period from May 14, 2013 through December 31, 2013. |
Use of Estimates The preparation of these condensed combined financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of 4% of property revenue for the hotel, as required by the management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of guests to make required payments for services. The allowance is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated receivable losses. The estimate is based on past receivable loss experience, known and inherent credit risks, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including specific reserves for certain accounts. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2013.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Investment in Hotel Property The investment in hotel property is stated at cost. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel property are capitalized.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps which provide us with interest rate protection above the strike rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap strike rate. These derivatives are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. We report derivatives with the same counterparty net on the condensed combined balance sheet.
Derivatives are recorded at fair value in accordance with the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the condensed combined statement of operations.
F-79
Due to/from Related Party Due to/from related party represents current receivables and payables resulting from transactions related to hotel management, project management and market services with Remington Lodging. Due to/from related party is generally settled within a period not exceeding one year.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Property The hotel property is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating impairment, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. During the period from May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue.
Other Expenses Other expenses include telephone charges, guest laundry, valet parking, and hotel-level general and administrative expenses, sales and marketing expenses, repairs and maintenance, franchise fees and utility costs. They are expensed as incurred.
Corporate General and Administrative Expense Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain AHT corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense, insurance expense and office expenses. The costs were allocated based on the pro rata share of our undepreciated gross investment in the hotel property in relation to AHTs undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties for all indirect costs. All direct costs associated with the operations of the hotel property are included in the condensed combined financial statements.
Depreciation and Amortization The hotel property is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the assets. Presently, the hotel property is depreciated using the straight-line method over lives ranging from 7.5 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated useful lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as the resulting gain or loss on the potential sale of the hotel.
Other Comprehensive Loss As there are no transactions requiring presentation in other comprehensive loss, but not in net loss, the Companys net loss equates to other comprehensive loss.
Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of guest and trade accounts receivable. Concentration of credit risk with respect to guest and trade accounts receivable is limited due to the wide variety of customers and industries to which the Companys services are sold. Cash and cash equivalents are placed with reputable institutions, and the balances may at times exceed federally insured deposit levels; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Income Taxes Ashford Pier House LP, the entity that owns the hotel is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such an entity is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes, but rather its activities are included in the tax return of its owner. The state of Florida follows the U.S. federal income tax treatment. Ashford TRS Pier House LLC, the entity that operates the hotel, is considered a taxable corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance,
F-80
we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions. Income tax expense in the accompanying condensed combined financial statements was calculated on a carve-out basis from AHT.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. Ashford TRS Pier House LLC will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Florida. For income tax purposes, activities related to Pier House Resort will be included in the federal, state and local income tax return filings for AHT and its subsidiaries beginning on May 14, 2013, the date of acquisition.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In December 2011 and further amended in November 2012, the FASB issued accounting guidance to require disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements that are either netted on the balance sheet or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after January 1, 2013 and the disclosures should be reported retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. We adopted this accounting guidance on May 14, 2013. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have any impact on our financial position or results of operations.
3. Investment in Hotel Property, net
Investment in hotel property, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
2013 |
||||
Land |
$ | 56,900 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
26,924 | |||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
6,101 | |||
|
|
|||
Total cost |
89,925 | |||
Accumulated depreciation |
(831 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 89,094 | ||
|
|
4. Indebtedness
Indebtedness was as follows at September 30, 2013 (in thousands):
Indebtedness | Collateral | Maturity |
Interest Rate |
September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | September 2015 | LIBOR (1) + 4.90% | $ | 69,000 | |||||||||
|
|
(1) | LIBOR rate was 0.179% at September 30, 2013. |
F-81
On September 10, 2013, AHT completed a $69.0 million financing secured by the hotel property. The new financing has a two-year term and three, one-year extension options with no test requirements for the first two extensions. The loan provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 4.90%, with no LIBOR Floor. AHT entered into interest rate caps with a counterparty, capping LIBOR at 1.80%.
Presently, our existing covenants are non-recourse. As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt agreements as amended.
5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Interest Rate Derivatives We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage the risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt as a way to potentially improve cash flows. The interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps, which are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.
In September 2013, AHT entered into interest rate caps with a notional amounts of $36 million, $23 million and $10 million. Each cap had a strike rate of 1.80%, an effective date of September 2013, a maturity date of September 2015 and a combined total cost of $148,000. These instruments were not designated as cash flow hedges. These instruments cap the interest rate on our mortgage loan with a total principal balance of $69.0 million and a maturity date of September 2015.
6. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
| Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. |
| Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. |
| Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. |
The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterpartys non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.
We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which
F-82
we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
Significant Other Observable
Inputs (Level 2) |
Total | |||||||
September 30, 2013 |
||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Derivative assets: |
||||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
$ | 39 | $ | 39 | (1) |
(1) | Reported as Derivative assets in the condensed combined balance sheet. |
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Condensed Combined Statement of Operations
The following table summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on the condensed combined statement of operations for the period from May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 (in thousands):
Loss Recognized in Income
for the Period From May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 |
||||
Assets |
||||
Derivative assets: |
||||
Interest rate derivatives |
$ | (109 | ) (1) |
(1) | Reported as Unrealized loss on derivatives in the condensed combined statement of operations. |
7. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2013 | ||||||||
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
|||||||
Financial assets measured at fair value: |
||||||||
Derivative assets |
$ | 39 | $ | 39 | ||||
Financial assets not measured at fair value: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,698 | $ | 3,698 | ||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 300 | $ | 300 | ||||
Accounts receivable |
$ | 209 | $ | 209 | ||||
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value: |
||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 69,000 | $ | 69,176 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 3,927 | $ | 3,927 | ||||
Due to related party, net |
$ | 32 | $ | 32 |
F-83
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and due to related party, net . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Derivative assets . Fair value of the interest rate derivatives are determined using the net present value of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of the Company and the counterparties. See Notes 2, 5 and 6 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining fair values.
Indebtedness . Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately $69.2 million at September 30, 2013. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
8. Related Party Transactions
We have management agreements with Remington Lodging, which is owned by AHTs Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and AHTs Chairman Emeritus. Under the agreements, we pay the related party a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted since 2003) or 3% of gross revenues as well as annual incentive management fees, if certain operational criteria are met, b) project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, c) market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project budget cumulatively, including project management fees, and d) other general fees at current market rates as approved by AHTs independent directors, if required. This management agreement expires on May 14, 2023, with renewal options. For the period from May 14, 2013 through September 30, 2013 we incurred management fees with Remington Lodging of $193,000.
Management agreements with Remington Lodging include exclusivity clauses that requires AHT to engage Remington Lodging, unless AHTs independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington Lodging or (ii) by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington Lodging because either special circumstances exist such that it would be in the best interest of AHT not to engage Remington Lodging, or, based on the Remington Lodgings prior performance, it is believed that another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other duties materially better.
F-84
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors of
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Ashford Crystal Gateway (the Company) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related combined statements of operations and comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined financial position of Ashford Crystal Gateway at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the combined results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Dallas, Texas
June 14, 2013
F-85
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
(in thousands)
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 113,865 | $ | 118,496 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
50 | 39 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
1,411 | 1,439 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $40 and $46, respectively |
1,578 | 2,030 | ||||||
Inventories |
77 | 86 | ||||||
Deferred costs, net |
497 | 564 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
294 | 222 | ||||||
Deferred tax asset |
2,699 | 3,238 | ||||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
9,369 | 6,658 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 129,840 | $ | 132,772 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 102,562 | $ | 103,759 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
2,636 | 1,964 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liability |
6,898 | 8,277 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
112,096 | 114,000 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |
||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Owners equity |
17,744 | 18,772 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 129,840 | $ | 132,772 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Financial Statements.
F-86
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 34,750 | $ | 34,911 | $ | 36,273 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
14,928 | 15,503 | 15,548 | |||||||||
Other |
1,964 | 2,080 | 1,778 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel revenue |
51,642 | 52,494 | 53,599 | |||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
7,892 | 7,628 | 7,534 | |||||||||
Food and beverage |
9,731 | 9,880 | 10,180 | |||||||||
Other expenses |
13,956 | 14,527 | 15,165 | |||||||||
Management fees |
1,549 | 1,575 | 1,608 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel expenses |
33,128 | 33,610 | 34,487 | |||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
2,596 | 2,526 | 2,175 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5,836 | 6,158 | 6,249 | |||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
1,668 | 1,500 | 1,241 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total expenses |
43,228 | 43,794 | 44,152 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating income |
8,414 | 8,700 | 9,447 | |||||||||
Interest income |
11 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(6,630 | ) | (6,686 | ) | (3,728 | ) | ||||||
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |
| | (3,893 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income before income taxes |
1,795 | 2,020 | 1,836 | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
(1,303 | ) | (1,409 | ) | (1,360 | ) | ||||||
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|
|
|
|||||||
Net income |
$ | 492 | $ | 611 | $ | 476 | ||||||
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|
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|
|||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 492 | $ | 611 | $ | 476 | ||||||
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|
|
|
|
See Notes to Combined Financial Statements.
F-87
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
(in thousands)
Owners
Equity |
||||
Balance at January 1, 2010 |
$ | 69,375 | ||
Net income |
476 | |||
Capital contributions |
3,071 | |||
Capital distributions |
(52,790 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 20,132 | ||
|
|
|||
Net income |
611 | |||
Capital contributions |
6,064 | |||
Capital distributions |
(8,035 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 18,772 | ||
|
|
|||
Net income |
492 | |||
Capital contributions |
6,452 | |||
Capital distributions |
(7,972 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at December 31, 2012 |
$ | 17,744 | ||
|
|
See Notes to Combined Financial Statements.
F-88
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 492 | $ | 611 | $ | 476 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5,836 | 6,158 | 6,249 | |||||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
67 | 67 | 387 | |||||||||
Amortization of unfavorable management contract liability |
(1,379 | ) | (1,380 | ) | (1,379 | ) | ||||||
Write-off of deferred loan costs and exit fees |
| | 3,893 | |||||||||
Deferred tax expense |
539 | 531 | 539 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||||||
Restricted cash |
28 | (107 | ) | 1,635 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
461 | (78 | ) | 154 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
107 | 77 | 134 | |||||||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
(2,711 | ) | (1,951 | ) | (452 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
488 | (217 | ) | (105 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
3,928 | 3,711 | 11,531 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||||||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel property |
(1,200 | ) | (592 | ) | (2,018 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(1,200 | ) | (592 | ) | (2,018 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Borrowings on indebtedness |
| | 105,000 | |||||||||
Repayments of indebtedness |
(1,197 | ) | (1,142 | ) | (60,899 | ) | ||||||
Payments of loan costs and exit fees |
| (21 | ) | (3,884 | ) | |||||||
Contributions from owners |
6,452 | 6,064 | 3,071 | |||||||||
Distributions to owners |
(7,972 | ) | (8,035 | ) | (52,790 | ) | ||||||
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|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(2,717 | ) | (3,134 | ) | (9,502 | ) | ||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
11 | (15 | ) | 11 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
39 | 54 | 43 | |||||||||
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|
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 50 | $ | 39 | $ | 54 | ||||||
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|
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|
|||||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 6,569 | $ | 6,625 | $ | 2,997 | ||||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Financed insurance premiums |
$ | 179 | $ | 171 | $ | 175 |
See Notes to Combined Financial Statements.
F-89
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (AHT) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and was formed in Maryland on May 13, 2003. AHT commenced operations in August 2003. The accompanying combined financial statements include the accounts of Ashford Crystal Gateway LP and Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation. Ashford Crystal Gateway LP, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (AHLP), owns and operates one hotel in Arlington, Virginia. This hotel represents 697 total rooms. As of December 31, 2012, the hotel property was leased by Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation, AHTs indirect wholly-owned subsidiary that is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) for federal income tax purposes. The hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for the lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the TRS is eliminated in combination. The hotel is operated under a management contract with Marriott International, Inc., which is an eligible independent contractor under the Code.
The hotel which is owned and operated through each of the aforementioned entities are collectively referred to as Ashford Crystal Gateway. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our refer to Ashford Crystal Gateway.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Combination The accompanying historical combined financial statements of Ashford Crystal Gateway have been carved out of AHTs consolidated financial statements and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The combined financial statements were prepared using the financial position and results of operations of the entities set forth above after adjustments for certain ownership related activities that have been historically accounted for by AHT. These ownership activities include mortgage indebtedness associated with the hotel, debt related expenses and other owner related expenses. In addition, the combined statements of operations include allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses from AHT, which in the opinion of management, are reasonable. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between combined entities have been eliminated in these historical, combined financial statements.
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages the property. The fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations in each of the first three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in any given period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. The fourth quarters of 2012, 2011 and 2010 ended December 28, 2012, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Use of Estimates The preparation of these combined financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
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Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of 5% of property revenue, as required by management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of guests to make required payments for services. The allowance is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated receivable losses. The estimate is based on past receivable loss experience, known and inherent credit risks, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including specific reserves for certain accounts.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Investment in Hotel Property The investment in hotel property is stated at cost. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel property are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Property The hotel property is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating impairment, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, we record an impairment charge for the amount that the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.
Due from Third-Party Hotel Manager Due from third-party hotel manager primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott corporate level related to operating, capital improvements, insurance, real estate taxes, and other items.
Unfavorable Management Contract Liability A management agreement assumed by AHT in the acquisition of the hotel property in 2006 has terms that are more favorable to the respective manager than typical market management agreements at the acquisition date. As a result, AHT recorded an unfavorable contract liability related to that management agreement totaling $15.8 million based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial term of the related agreement. The unfavorable contract liability is amortized as a reduction to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the related agreement.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue.
Other Expenses Other expenses include telephone charges, guest laundry, valet parking, and hotel-level general and administrative expenses, sales and marketing expenses, repairs and maintenance, franchise fees and utility costs. They are expensed as incurred.
F-91
Advertising Costs Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred advertising costs of $139,000, $100,000 and $125,000, respectively. Advertising costs are included in Other expenses in the accompanying combined statements of operations.
Corporate General and Administrative Expense Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain AHT corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense, insurance expense and office expenses. The costs were allocated based on the pro rata share of the undepreciated gross investment in the hotel property in relation to AHTs undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties for all indirect costs. All direct costs associated with the operations of the hotel property are included in the combined financial statements.
Depreciation and Amortization The hotel property is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the assets. Presently, the hotel property is depreciated using the straight-line method over lives ranging from 7.5 to 39 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated useful lives could affect depreciation expense and net income (loss) as well as the resulting gain or loss on the potential sale of the hotel.
Other Comprehensive Income As there are no transactions requiring presentation in other comprehensive income, but not in net income, the Companys net income equates to other comprehensive income.
Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of guest and trade accounts receivable. Concentration of credit risk with respect to guest and trade accounts receivable is limited due to the wide variety of customers and industries to which the Companys services are sold. Cash and cash equivalents are placed with reputable institutions, and the balances may at times exceed federally insured deposit levels; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Income Taxes Ashford Crystal Gateway, LP, the entity that owns the hotel is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such an entity is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes, but rather its activities are included in the tax return of its owner. The state of Virginia follows the U.S. federal income tax treatment. Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation, the entity that operates the hotel is considered a taxable corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions. As more fully described in Note 9, income tax expense in the accompanying combined financial statements was calculated on a carve-out basis from AHT.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Virginia. For income tax purposes, activities related to Ashford Crystal Gateway were included in the federal, state and local income tax returns filed for AHT and its subsidiaries. Tax years 2009 through 2012 for AHT and its subsidiaries remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance for common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements. The guidance requires disclosures of
F-92
(i) quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for level 3 measurements; (ii) description of the valuation processes surrounding level 3 measurements; (iii) narrative description of the sensitivity of recurring level 3 measurements to unobservable inputs; (iv) hierarchy classification for items whose fair value is only disclosed in the footnotes; and (v) any transfers between level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The new accounting guidance was effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We have adopted this accounting guidance. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not affect our financial position or results of operations.
In December 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance to clarify how to determine whether a reporting entity should derecognize the in substance real estate upon loan defaults when it ceases to have controlling interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate. Under this guidance, a reporting entity would not satisfy the requirements to derecognize the in substance real estate before the legal transfer of the real estate to the lender and the extinguishment of the related non-recourse indebtedness. That is, even if the reporting entity ceases to have a controlling financial interest, the reporting entity would continue to include the real estate, debt, and the results of the subsidiarys operations in its financial statements until legal title to the real estate is transferred to legally satisfy the debt. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after June 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. This guidance was adopted early. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not affect our financial position or results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2011 and further amended in November 2012, the FASB issued accounting guidance to require disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements that are either netted on the balance sheet or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after January 1, 2013 and the disclosures should be reported retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
3. Investment in Hotel Property, net
Investment in hotel property, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Land |
$ | 20,637 | $ | 20,637 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
112,588 | 112,244 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
6,448 | 12,978 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
9 | 73 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total cost |
139,682 | 145,932 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(25,817 | ) | (27,436 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 113,865 | $ | 118,496 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The cost of land and depreciable property, net of accumulated depreciation, for federal income tax purposes was approximately $25.9 million and $27.4 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, depreciation expense was $5.8 million, $6.2 million and $6.2 million, respectively.
F-93
4. Deferred Costs, net
Deferred costs, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Deferred loan costs |
$ | 642 | $ | 642 | ||||
Accumulated amortization |
(145 | ) | (78 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred costs, net |
$ | 497 | $ | 564 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Amortization of loan costs was $67,000, $67,000 and $387,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
5. Indebtedness
Indebtedness and the carrying value of the related collateral were as follows at December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness | Collateral | Maturity |
Interest
Rate |
Debt
Balance |
Book Value of
Collateral |
Debt
Balance |
Book Value of
Collateral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | November 2020 | 6.26 | % | $ | 102,562 | $ | 113,865 | $ | 103,759 | $ | 118,496 | ||||||||||||||||
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
Maturity and scheduled amortization of indebtedness as of December 31, 2012 for each of the following five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):
2013 |
$ | 1,294 | ||
2014 |
1,379 | |||
2015 |
1,469 | |||
2016 |
1,547 | |||
2017 |
1,666 | |||
Thereafter |
95,207 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 102,562 | ||
|
|
Presently, our existing financial covenants are non-recourse and primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and related agreements as amended.
6. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
| Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. |
| Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. |
F-94
| Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. |
There were no financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
7. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
Carrying
Value |
Estimated
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
Financial assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 50 | $ | 50 | $ | 39 | $ | 39 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 1,411 | $ | 1,411 | $ | 1,439 | $ | 1,439 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 1,578 | $ | 1,578 | $ | 2,030 | $ | 2,030 | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
$ | 9,369 | $ | 9,369 | $ | 6,658 | $ | 6,658 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 102,562 | $ | 114,510 to $126,563 | $ | 103,759 | $ | 111,554 to $123,297 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 2,636 | $ | 2,636 | $ | 1,964 | $ | 1,964 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and due from third-party hotel manager . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Indebtedness . Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. For the December 31, 2012 and 2011 indebtedness valuations, we used estimated future cash flows discounted at applicable index forward curves adjusted for credit spreads. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 111.6% to 123.4% of the carrying value of $102.6 million at December 31, 2012, and approximately 107.5% to 118.8% of the carrying value of $103.8 million at December 31, 2011. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash Under the management and debt agreement for our hotel property existing at December 31, 2012, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for the hotel property based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
F-95
Management Fees Under the management agreement for our hotel property existing at December 31, 2012, we paid a) 3% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by AHTs independent directors, if required. This management agreement expires on December 29, 2017, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Leases Rent expense is included in other expenses in the combined statements of operations.
Capital Commitments At December 31, 2012, we had capital commitments of $1.5 million relating to general capital improvements that are expected to be paid in the next twelve months.
Litigation The Company is engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss for these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect upon the combined financial position or results of operations of the Company. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if the Company failed to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses were to exceed the Companys current estimates of the range of potential losses, the Companys combined financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
Income Taxes Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in the state of Virginia. For tax purposes, activities related to Ashford Crystal Gateway were included in the federal, state and local income tax return filings for AHT and its subsidiaries. Tax years 2009 through 2012 for AHT and its subsidiaries remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
If AHT sells or transfers the hotel prior to July 2016, AHT would be required to indemnify the entity from which AHT acquired the property if, as a result of such transactions, such entity would recognize a gain for federal tax purposes. In general, tax indemnities equal the federal, state, and local income tax liabilities the contributor or their specified assignee incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor. The contribution agreements terms requires AHT to gross up tax indemnity payments for the amount of income taxes due as a result of such tax indemnities.
9. Income Taxes
At December 31, 2012, the hotel property was leased by a taxable corporation. The taxable corporation recognized net book income before income taxes of $3.4 million, $3.6 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Income tax expense for the taxable corporation that operates the hotel has been calculated on a separate stand-alone basis. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, the results of operations of the hotel were included in the tax returns in various jurisdictions of a TRS subsidiary of AHT.
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The following table reconciles the income tax expense at statutory rates to the actual income tax (expense) benefit recorded (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense at federal statutory income tax rate of 35% |
$ | (1,172 | ) | $ | (1,268 | ) | $ | (1,224 | ) | |||
State income tax expense, net of federal income tax benefit |
(131 | ) | (141 | ) | (136 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | (1,303 | ) | $ | (1,409 | ) | $ | (1,360 | ) | |||
|
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|
|
|
|
The components of income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (687 | ) | $ | (790 | ) | $ | (739 | ) | |||
State |
(77 | ) | (88 | ) | (82 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total current |
(764 | ) | (878 | ) | (821 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
(485 | ) | (478 | ) | (485 | ) | ||||||
State |
(54 | ) | (53 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total deferred |
(539 | ) | (531 | ) | (539 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | (1,303 | ) | $ | (1,409 | ) | $ | (1,360 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, income tax expense includes zero interest and penalties paid to taxing authorities. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we determined that there were no amounts to accrue for interest and penalties due to taxing authorities.
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, our net deferred tax asset consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 16 | $ | 18 | ||||
Unfavorable management contract liability |
2,683 | 3,220 | ||||||
Federal and state net operating losses |
1,263 | 1,263 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax asset |
$ | 3,962 | $ | 4,501 | ||||
Valuation allowance |
(1,263 | ) | (1,263 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax asset |
$ | 2,699 | $ | 3,238 | ||||
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a valuation allowance of $1.3 million to offset our deferred tax asset associated with the net operating losses incurred by the taxable corporation. While the taxable corporation has a history of book and tax earnings on a stand-alone basis, utilization of the taxable corporations net operating losses is currently dependent on the tax earnings of the consolidated group of AHTs subsidiaries with which it files. The consolidated group has shown a history of losses that are expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Based on this and a review of all other evidence, both positive and negative, we determined that it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax asset associated with the net operating losses of the taxable corporation are realizable. For all other deferred tax assets of the taxable corporation, we believe it is more likely than not that the results of future operations of the taxable corporation on a stand-alone basis will generate sufficient taxable income to realize these deferred tax assets.
F-97
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the taxable corporation had approximately $3.2 million of net operating loss carryforwards that will begin to expire in 2028.
10. Related Party Transactions
AHT has management agreements with Remington Lodging (Remington), which is beneficially wholly owned by its chairman and chief executive officer and its chairman emeritus. Under the agreements, AHT pays Remington market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project budget cumulatively, including project management fees of up to 4% of project cost.
The following fees related to the management agreements with the related party were incurred by the Company (in thousands):
Year Ended
December 31, |
||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Market service and project management fees |
$ | 69 | $ | 22 | $ | 29 |
Management agreements with Remington include exclusivity clauses that requires AHT to engage Remington, unless its independent directors either (i) unanimously vote not to hire Remington or (ii) by a majority vote elect not to engage Remington because either special circumstances exist such that it would be in the best interest of AHT not to engage Remington, or, based on the Remingtons prior performance, it is believed that another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other duties materially better.
F-98
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 113,271 | $ | 113,865 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
50 | 50 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
542 | 1,411 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $37 and $40, respectively |
1,864 | 1,578 | ||||||
Inventories |
85 | 77 | ||||||
Deferred costs, net |
447 | 497 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
998 | 294 | ||||||
Deferred tax asset |
2,295 | 2,699 | ||||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
9,402 | 9,369 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 128,954 | $ | 129,840 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 101,604 | $ | 102,562 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
2,628 | 2,636 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liability |
5,863 | 6,898 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
110,095 | 112,096 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |
||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Owners equity |
18,859 | 17,744 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 128,954 | $ | 129,840 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-99
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 25,711 | $ | 25,267 | ||||
Food and beverage |
10,995 | 10,235 | ||||||
Other |
1,914 | 1,349 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total hotel revenue |
38,620 | 36,851 | ||||||
Expenses |
||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||
Rooms |
6,262 | 5,793 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
7,508 | 6,984 | ||||||
Other expenses |
10,090 | 9,943 | ||||||
Management fees |
1,158 | 1,106 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total hotel expenses |
25,018 | 23,826 | ||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
2,084 | 1,942 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,309 | 4,499 | ||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
1,418 | 1,229 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
31,829 | 31,496 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Operating income |
6,791 | 5,355 | ||||||
Interest income |
4 | 7 | ||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(4,893 | ) | (4,970 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Income before income taxes |
1,902 | 392 | ||||||
Income tax expense |
(951 | ) | (977 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 951 | $ | (585 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | 951 | $ | (585 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-100
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Owners
Equity |
||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Balance at January 1, 2013 |
$ | 17,744 | ||
Net income |
951 | |||
Capital contributions |
7,073 | |||
Capital distributions |
(6,909 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at September 30, 2013 |
$ | 18,859 | ||
|
|
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-101
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Nine Months
Ended September 30, |
||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 951 | $ | (585 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,309 | 4,499 | ||||||
Amortization of loan costs |
50 | 50 | ||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
(1,035 | ) | (955 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax expense |
404 | 404 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||
Restricted cash |
869 | (12 | ) | |||||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
(294 | ) | 264 | |||||
Prepaid expenses |
(533 | ) | 33 | |||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
(33 | ) | (809 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
(240 | ) | 656 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
3,448 | 3,545 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel property |
(2,654 | ) | (906 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(2,654 | ) | (906 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||||||
Repayments of indebtedness |
(958 | ) | (882 | ) | ||||
Contributions from owners |
7,073 | 3,650 | ||||||
Distributions to owners |
(6,909 | ) | (5,396 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(794 | ) | (2,628 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
| 11 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
50 | 39 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 50 | $ | 50 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 4,866 | $ | 4,943 | ||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non Cash Investing and Financing Activities |
||||||||
Financed insurance premiums |
$ | 171 | $ | 183 |
See Notes to Condensed Combined Financial Statements.
F-102
ASHFORD CRYSTAL GATEWAY
NOTES TO CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (AHT) is a self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (Code) and was formed in Maryland on May 13, 2003. AHT commenced operations in August 2003. The accompanying condensed combined financial statements include the accounts of Ashford Crystal Gateway LP and Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation. Ashford Crystal Gateway LP, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (AHLP), owns one hotel in Arlington, Virginia. This hotel contains 697 total rooms. As of September 30, 2013, the hotel property was leased and operated by Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation, AHTs indirect wholly-owned subsidiary that is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) for federal income tax purposes. The hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for the lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the TRS is eliminated in combination. The hotel is operated under a management contract with Marriott International, Inc., which is an eligible independent contractor under the Code.
The hotel which is owned and operated through each of the aforementioned entities are collectively referred to as Ashford Crystal Gateway. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our refers to Ashford Crystal Gateway.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Combination The accompanying historical unaudited condensed combined financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These historical condensed combined financial statements of Ashford Crystal Gateway have been carved out of AHTs consolidated financial statements and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The combined entities are under AHTs common control. The condensed combined financial statements were prepared using the financial position and results of operations of the entities set forth above after adjustments for certain ownership related activities that have been historically accounted for by AHT. These ownership activities include mortgage indebtedness associated with the hotel, debt related expenses and other owner related expenses. In addition, the condensed combined statements of operations include allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses from AHT, which in the opinion of management, are reasonable. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between combined entities have been eliminated in these historical condensed combined financial statements. These historical condensed combined financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the historical audited combined financial statements included in this document.
The following items affect reporting comparability related to our historical condensed combined financial statements:
| Historical seasonality patterns at our property cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2013. |
|
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages the property. For this property, the 2012 fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations in each of the first three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Beginning in 2013, the fiscal quarters end on March 31, June 30, |
F-103
September 30 and December 31. Therefore, in any given period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For our Marriott-managed hotel, the first quarters of the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years began on December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The 2013 and 2012 fiscal periods ended on September 30, 2013 and September 7, 2012, respectively, and contained 276 days and 252 days, respectively. Prior results have not been adjusted. |
Use of Estimates The preparation of these condensed combined financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of 5% of property revenue for the hotel, as required by the management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of guests to make required payments for services. The allowance is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated receivable losses. The estimate is based on past receivable loss experience, known and inherent credit risks, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including specific reserves for certain accounts.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Investment in Hotel Property The investment in hotel property is stated at cost. All improvements and additions which extend the useful life of the hotel property are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Property The hotel property is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the propertys net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating impairment, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we have not recorded any impairment charges.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.
Due from Third-Party Hotel Manager Due from third-party hotel manager primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott corporate level related to operating, capital improvements, insurance, real estate taxes, and other items.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue.
F-104
Corporate General and Administrative Expense Corporate general and administrative expense represents an allocation of certain AHT corporate general and administrative costs including salaries and benefits, stock based compensation, legal and professional fees, rent expense, insurance expense and office expenses. The costs were allocated based on the pro rata share of our undepreciated gross investment in the hotel property in relation to AHTs undepreciated gross investment in hotel properties for all indirect costs. All direct costs associated with the operations of the hotel property are included in the condensed combined financial statements.
Other Comprehensive Income As there are no transactions requiring presentation in other comprehensive income, but not in net income, the Companys net income equates to other comprehensive income.
Income Taxes Ashford Crystal Gateway, LP, the entity that owns the hotel is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such an entity is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes, but rather its activities are included in the tax return of its owner. The state of Virginia follows the U.S. federal income tax treatment. Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation, the entity that operates the hotel is considered a taxable corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions. Income tax expense in the accompanying condensed combined financial statements was calculated on a carve-out basis from AHT.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Virginia. For income tax purposes, activities related to Ashford Crystal Gateway were included in the federal, state and local income tax returns filed for AHT and its subsidiaries. Tax years 2009 through 2012 for AHT and its subsidiaries remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In December 2011 and further amended in November 2012, the FASB issued accounting guidance to require disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements that are either netted on the balance sheet or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar arrangement. The new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after January 1, 2013 and the disclosures should be reported retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. We adopted this accounting guidance on January 1, 2013. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have any impact on our financial position or results of operations.
F-105
3. Investment in Hotel Property, net
Investment in hotel property, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||
Land |
$ | 20,637 | $ | 20,637 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
112,201 | 112,588 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
3,915 | 6,448 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
809 | 9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total cost |
137,562 | 139,682 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(24,291 | ) | (25,817 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Investment in hotel property, net |
$ | 113,271 | $ | 113,865 | ||||
|
|
|
|
4. Indebtedness
Indebtedness was as follows at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
Indebtedness | Collateral | Maturity |
Interest
Rate |
September 30,
2013 |
December 31,
2012 |
|||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | November 2020 | 6.26 | % | $ | 101,604 | $ | 102,562 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Presently, our existing financial covenants are non-recourse. As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt agreements as amended.
5. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
| Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets. |
| Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. |
| Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. |
There were no financial instruments measured at fair value as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
6. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a
F-106
material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying
Value |
Estimated Fair Value |
Carrying
Value |
Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Financial assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 50 | $ | 50 | $ | 50 | $ | 50 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 542 | $ | 542 | $ | 1,411 | $ | 1,411 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 1,864 | $ | 1,864 | $ | 1,578 | $ | 1,578 | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel manager |
$ | 9,402 | $ | 9,402 | $ | 9,369 | $ | 9,369 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness |
$ | 101,604 | $ | 111,744 to $123,507 | $ | 102,562 | $ | 114,510 to $126,563 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 2,628 | $ | 2,628 | $ | 2,636 | $ | 2,636 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash . These financial assets bear interest at market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and due from third-party hotel manager . The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Indebtedness . Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 110.0% to 121.6% of the carrying value of $101.6 million at September 30, 2013, and approximately 111.6% to 123.4% of the carrying value of $102.6 million at December 31, 2012. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash Under the management and debt agreements for our hotel property existing at September 30, 2013, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Management Fees Under the management agreement for our hotel property existing at September 30, 2013, we paid a) 3% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, and c) other general fees at current market rates as approved by AHTs independent directors, if required. This management agreement expires on December 29, 2017, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Litigation The Company is engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss for these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these
F-107
proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect upon the combined financial position or results of operations of the Company. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if the Company failed to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses were to exceed the Companys current estimates of the range of potential losses, the Companys combined financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
Income Taxes Ashford Gateway TRS Corporation will file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in the state of Virginia. For tax purposes, activities related to Ashford Crystal Gateway were included in the federal, state and local income tax return filings for AHT and its subsidiaries. Tax years 2009 through 2012 for AHT and its subsidiaries remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
If AHT sells or transfers the hotel prior to July 2016, AHT would be required to indemnify the entity from which AHT acquired the property if, as a result of such transactions, such entity would recognize a gain for federal tax purposes. In general, tax indemnities equal the federal, state, and local income tax liabilities the contributor or their specified assignee incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the contributor. The contribution agreements terms requires AHT to gross up tax indemnity payments for the amount of income taxes due as a result of such tax indemnities.
F-108
Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
BofA Merrill Lynch
Morgan Stanley
, 2013
PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 31. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. |
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered, all of which are being borne by us.
SEC registration fee |
$ | 9,660 | ||
FINRA filing fee |
11,750 | |||
NYSE listing fee |
* | |||
Legal fees and expenses |
* | |||
Accounting fees and expenses |
* | |||
Printing expenses |
* | |||
Other fees and expenses |
* | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | * | ||
|
|
* | To be filed by amendment. |
All expenses, except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the NYSE listing fee, are estimated.
Item 32. | Sales to Special Parties. |
In connection with our separation from Ashford Trust pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, on November 19, 2013, we issued approximately 16.1 million shares of our common stock to Ashford Trust, and our operating partnership issued approximately 8.8 million common units of our operating partnership which may be redeemed for shares of our common stock to Ashford Trust OP, in exchange for a contribution of direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of eight hotel properties, including the working capital associated with such properties, owned by Ashford Trust OP and certain of its subsidiaries plus approximately $145.3 million. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(a)(2) (formerly Section 4(2)) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act).
Item 33. | Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. |
In connection with our formation and initial capitalization, on April 5, 2013, we issued 100 shares of its common stock, $.01 par value per share, to Ashford TRS Corporation, a subsidiary of Ashford Trust, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(a)(2) (formerly Section 4(2)) of the Securities Act.
In connection with our separation from Ashford Trust pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, on November 19, 2013, we issued approximately 16.1 million shares of our common stock to Ashford Trust, and our operating partnership issued approximately 8.8 million common units of our operating partnership which may be redeemed for shares of our common stock to Ashford Trust OP, in exchange for a contribution of direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of eight hotel properties, including the working capital associated with such properties, owned by Ashford Trust OP and certain of its subsidiaries plus approximately $145.3 million. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(a)(2) (formerly Section 4(2)) of the Securities Act.
Upon the completion of the spin-off, we issued 3,200 shares of our common stock to each of our non-employee directors. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(a)(2) (formerly Section 4(2)) of the Securities Act.
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Item 34. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
Our charter and the partnership agreement provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law, as amended from time to time.
Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and: |
| was committed in bad faith; or |
| was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation (other than for expenses incurred in a successful defense of such an action) or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporations receipt of:
| a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
| a written undertaking by the director or on the directors behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. These limitations of liabilities do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and do not generally affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
| any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or |
| any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that obligate us to indemnify our directors and executive officers, and advance expenses as described above.
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Our bylaws also obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above. Subject to the approval of our board of directors, we are also obligated, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, and to such further extent as we shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, to indemnify and advance expenses to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
We also purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with us, whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
Item 35. | Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being Registered. |
Not applicable.
Item 36. | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
(a) Financial Statements. See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements included in this Registration Statement.
(b) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Registration Statement on Form S-11:
Exhibit
|
Exhibit Description |
|
1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
2.1 | Separation and Distribution Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
2.2** | Separation and Distribution Agreement Correction between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the other parties thereto | |
3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on October 23, 2013) | |
5.1* | Opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP as to the legality of the securities being registered | |
8.1* | Opinion of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, LLP regarding certain federal income tax considerations | |
8.2* | Opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP regarding certain federal income tax considerations | |
10.1 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.2 | Advisory Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) |
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Exhibit
|
Exhibit Description |
|
10.3 | Right of First Offer Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.4 | Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
10.5** | Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. Advisor Equity Incentive Plan | |
10.6 | Option Agreement Pier House Resort & Spa by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership with respect to the Properties Entities, and Ashford TRS Corporation and Ashford Prime TRS Corporation with respect to the TRS Entity, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.7 | Option Agreement Crystal Gateway Marriott by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership with respect to the Properties Entities, and Ashford TRS Corporation and Ashford Prime TRS Corporation with respect to the TRS Entity, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.8 | Mutual Exclusivity Agreement by and among Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, as consented and agreed to by Monty J. Bennett, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.9 | Ashford Prime Hotel Master Management Agreement by and between Ashford Prime TRS Corporation and Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.10 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and each of its executive officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.11 | Registration Rights Agreement by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.12 | Registration Rights Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., for the benefit of the holders of common partnership units in Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership named therein, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.13 | Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Rents, dated as of April 9, 2007 and effective as of April 11, 2007, by Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP (f/k/a Ashford Philadelphia Annex, LLC) for the benefit of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Bank of America, N.A., as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C32, as successor-in-interest to Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.13a | Schedule of Agreements omitted pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13a to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) |
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Exhibit
|
Exhibit Description |
|
10.14 | Form of Amendment to Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixture Filing, to be entered into by each of Ashford Plano-M LP, Ashford San Francisco II LP, Ashford Seattle Downtown LP, Ashford Seattle Waterfront LP and Ashford Tampa International Hotel Partnership, LP and the relevant lender for the deed of trust or mortgage to which each such entity is a party (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.15 | Form of First Amendment to Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Rents and to Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Deposits to be entered into by Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP (f/k/a Ashford Philadelphia Annex, LLC) for the benefit of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Bank of America, N.A., as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C32, as successor-in-interest to Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.16 | Amended and Restated Leasehold Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement, Fixture Filing and Assignment of Rents, dated as of February 26, 2013, by CHH Torrey Pines Hotel Partners, LP for the benefit of Aareal Capital Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.17 | Amended and Restated Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement, Fixture Filing and Assignment of Rents, dated as of February 26, 2013, by CHH Capital Hotel Partners, LP for the benefit of Aareal Capital Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.18 | Licensing Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.19 | Credit Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
21.1 | List of Subsidiaries of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
21.2 | List of Special Purpose Entities of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.2 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
23.1** | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | |
23.2** | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP | |
23.3* | Consent of Hogan Lovells US LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
23.4* | Consent of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) | |
23.5* | Consent of Andrews Kurth LLP (included in Exhibit 8.2) | |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (included on signature page of registration statement) |
* | To be filed by amendment. |
** | Filed herewith. |
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Item 37. | Undertakings. |
(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(b) The undersigned Registrant hereby further undertakes that:
(i) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance under Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(ii) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Dallas, state of Texas on December 18, 2013.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. | ||
By: |
/s/ David A. Brooks |
|
Name: | David A. Brooks | |
Title: | Chief Operating Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints David A. Brooks, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Registration Statement, and any additional related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (including post-effective amendments to the registration statement and any such related registration statements), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date |
||
/s/ Monty J. Bennett Monty J. Bennett |
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ David J. Kimichik David J. Kimichik |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ Douglas A. Kessler Douglas A. Kessler |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ Stefani D. Carter Stefani D. Carter |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ Curtis B. McWilliams Curtis B. McWilliams |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
/s/ W. Michael Murphy W. Michael Murphy |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ Matthew D. Rinaldi Matthew D. Rinaldi |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
||
/s/ Andrew L. Strong Andrew L. Strong |
Director |
December 17, 2013 |
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description |
|
1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
2.1 | Separation and Distribution Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
2.2** | Separation and Distribution Agreement Correction between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and the other parties thereto | |
3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on October 23, 2013) | |
5.1* | Opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP as to the legality of the securities being registered | |
8.1* | Opinion of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, LLP regarding certain federal income tax considerations | |
8.2* | Opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP regarding certain federal income tax considerations | |
10.1 | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.2 | Advisory Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.3 | Right of First Offer Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.4 | Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2013) | |
10.5** | Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. Advisor Equity Incentive Plan | |
10.6 | Option Agreement Pier House Resort & Spa by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership with respect to the Properties Entities, and Ashford TRS Corporation and Ashford Prime TRS Corporation with respect to the TRS Entity, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.7 | Option Agreement Crystal Gateway Marriott by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership with respect to the Properties Entities, and Ashford TRS Corporation and Ashford Prime TRS Corporation with respect to the TRS Entity, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.8 | Mutual Exclusivity Agreement by and among Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, as consented and agreed to by Monty J. Bennett, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) |
Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description |
|
10.9 | Ashford Prime Hotel Master Management Agreement by and between Ashford Prime TRS Corporation and Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.10 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and each of its executive officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.11 | Registration Rights Agreement by and between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.12 | Registration Rights Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., for the benefit of the holders of common partnership units in Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership named therein, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.13 | Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Rents, dated as of April 9, 2007 and effective as of April 11, 2007, by Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP (f/k/a Ashford Philadelphia Annex, LLC) for the benefit of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Bank of America, N.A., as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C32, as successor-in-interest to Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.13a | Schedule of Agreements omitted pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13a to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.14 | Form of Amendment to Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixture Filing, to be entered into by each of Ashford Plano-M LP, Ashford San Francisco II LP, Ashford Seattle Downtown LP, Ashford Seattle Waterfront LP and Ashford Tampa International Hotel Partnership, LP and the relevant lender for the deed of trust or mortgage to which each such entity is a party (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.15 | Form of First Amendment to Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement, Financing Statement and Assignment of Rents and to Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Deposits to be entered into by Ashford Philadelphia Annex LP (f/k/a Ashford Philadelphia Annex, LLC) for the benefit of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Bank of America, N.A., as Trustee, successor-in-interest to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C32, as successor-in-interest to Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.16 | Amended and Restated Leasehold Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement, Fixture Filing and Assignment of Rents, dated as of February 26, 2013, by CHH Torrey Pines Hotel Partners, LP for the benefit of Aareal Capital Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
10.17 | Amended and Restated Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Financing Statement, Fixture Filing and Assignment of Rents, dated as of February 26, 2013, by CHH Capital Hotel Partners, LP for the benefit of Aareal Capital Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) |
Exhibit
|
Exhibit Description |
|
10.18 | Licensing Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
10.19 | Credit Agreement between Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto, dated November 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2013) | |
21.1 | List of Subsidiaries of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
21.2 | List of Special Purpose Entities of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.2 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on September 24, 2013) | |
23.1** | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | |
23.2** | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP | |
23.3* | Consent of Hogan Lovells US LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
23.4* | Consent of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) | |
23.5* | Consent of Andrews Kurth LLP (included in Exhibit 8.2) | |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (included on signature page of registration statement) |
* | To be filed by amendment. |
** | Filed herewith. |
Exhibit 2.2
SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT CORRECTION
This Separation and Distribution Agreement Correction (this Correction ), effective as of November 8, 2013 is entered into by and between Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, Ashford TRS Corporation, Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership and Ashford Prime TRS Corporation. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement by and between such parties, dated as of November 8, 2013.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the parties hereto entered into the Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013, to effect the separation of Ashford Trust and Ashford Prime and now desire to correct two clerical errors in the Separation and Distribution Agreement
NOW, THEREFORE, the undersigned, in consideration of premises, covenants and agreements contained herein, do hereby agree as follows:
1. Section 2.1(b) . The number 16,133,112, which appears twice in Section 2.1(b), shall be corrected to be 16,113,122.
2. Schedule 2.2(b) . The amount of $1,470,093.84 in the last paragraph of Schedule 2.2(b), which is a parenthetical, shall be corrected to be $1,320,000.
3. Binding Effect of this Agreement . This Correction shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.
4. Execution in Counterparts . This Correction may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.
5. Governing Law . This Correction shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the substantive laws of the State of Texas, without regard to any conflicts of law provisions thereof that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction.
[Signature page follows]
1
In WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Correction to be duly executed, effectives as of the day and year first above written.
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. | ||
By: | ||
David A. Brooks | ||
Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel |
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP | ||
By: | Ashford OP General Partner LLC, its general partner | |
By: | ||
David A. Brooks, Vice President |
ASHFORD TRS CORPORATION | ||
By: | ||
David J. Kimichik, President |
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC. | ||
By: | ||
David A. Brooks | ||
Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel |
2
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME LIMITED PARTNERSHIP | ||
By: | Ashford Prime OP General Partner LLC, its general partner | |
By: | ||
David A. Brooks, Vice President |
ASHFORD PRIME TRS CORPORATION | ||
By: | ||
David J. Kimichik, President |
3
Exhibit 10.5
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC.
ADVISOR EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
November 5, 2013
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC.
ADVISOR EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
Table of Contents
ARTICLE I INTRODUCTION | 1 | |||||
1.1 |
Purpose |
1 | ||||
1.2 |
Shares Subject to the Plan |
1 | ||||
1.3 |
Administration of the Plan |
1 | ||||
1.4 |
Amendment and Discontinuance of the Plan |
1 | ||||
1.5 |
Granting of Awards |
2 | ||||
1.6 |
Term of Plan |
2 | ||||
1.7 |
Definitions |
2 | ||||
ARTICLE II PURCHASED STOCK | 4 | |||||
2.1 |
Purchased Stock |
4 | ||||
2.2 |
Purchase Price |
4 | ||||
2.3 |
Payment of Purchase Price |
4 | ||||
ARTICLE III BONUS STOCK | 4 | |||||
ARTICLE IV RESTRICTED STOCK | 4 | |||||
4.1 |
Restricted Period and Vesting |
4 | ||||
ARTICLE V OTHER STOCK-BASED AWARDS | 5 | |||||
ARTICLE VI CERTAIN PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL AWARDS | 5 | |||||
6.1 |
General |
5 | ||||
6.2 |
Stand-Alone, Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards |
5 | ||||
6.3 |
Term of Awards |
5 | ||||
6.4 |
Form and Timing of Payment under Awards; Deferrals |
5 | ||||
6.5 |
Vested and Unvested Awards |
6 | ||||
6.6 |
Other Provisions |
6 | ||||
6.7 |
Change of Control |
6 | ||||
6.8 |
Ownership Limit |
7 | ||||
ARTICLE VII MISCELLANEOUS | 7 | |||||
7.1 |
No Rights to Awards |
7 | ||||
7.2 |
No Right to Continued Service |
7 | ||||
7.3 |
Governing Law |
7 | ||||
7.4 |
Severability |
7 | ||||
7.5 |
Other Laws |
7 | ||||
7.6 |
No Guarantee of Tax Consequences |
8 | ||||
7.7 |
Claw-back Policy |
8 | ||||
7.8 |
Transfer of Awards |
8 |
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY PRIME, INC.
ADVISOR EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
ARTICLE I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose.
The Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. Advisor Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan ) is intended to promote the interest of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Company ), and its stockholders by encouraging Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with any successors and assigns, the Advisor ), to continue to serve as the advisor for the Company and to acquire or increase its equity interests in the Company, including by way of grants made by the Company as partial payment of the incentive fee to be paid to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (as defined below), thereby giving it an added incentive to work toward the continued growth and success of the Company.
1.2 Shares Subject to the Plan.
The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company ( Common Stock ) that may be issued under the Plan commencing on November 5, 2013, the date the stockholders approved the Plan set forth herein, shall not exceed 1,600,000 shares of outstanding Common Stock.
In the event that at any time after the Effective Date the outstanding shares of Common Stock are changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the Company by reason of a merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares or the like, the aggregate number and class of securities available under the Plan shall be ratably adjusted by the Committee (as defined below), whose determination shall be final and binding upon the Company and all other interested persons. In the event the number of shares to be delivered upon the exercise or payment of any Award granted under the Plan is reduced for any reason whatsoever or in the event any Award granted under the Plan can no longer under any circumstances be exercised or paid, the number of shares no longer subject to such Award shall thereupon be released from such Award and shall thereafter be available under the Plan for the grant of additional Awards. Shares issued pursuant to the Plan (i) may be treasury shares, authorized but unissued shares or, if applicable, shares acquired in the open market and (ii) shall be fully paid and nonassessable.
1.3 Administration of the Plan.
The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall interpret the Plan and all Awards under the Plan, shall make such rules as it deems necessary for the proper administration of the Plan, shall make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan and shall correct any defect or supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any Award under the Plan in the manner and to the extent that the Committee deems desirable to effectuate the Plan. Any action taken or determination made by the Committee pursuant to this and the other paragraphs of the Plan shall be final, binding and conclusive on all parties. The act or determination of a majority of the Committee shall be deemed to be the act or determination of the Committee.
1.4 Amendment and Discontinuance of the Plan.
The Board of Directors of the Company (the Board ) may amend, suspend or terminate the Plan; provided, however, no amendment, suspension or termination of the Plan may, without the consent of the Advisor, terminate an Award or adversely affect the Advisors rights with respect to an Award in any material respect; provided further, however, that any amendment which would constitute a material revision of the Plan (as that term is used in the rules of the New York Stock Exchange) shall be subject to shareholder approval.
1.5 Granting of Awards.
The Committee shall have the authority to grant, prior to the expiration date of the Plan, Awards to the Advisor on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth in the Plan. In determining the Awards to be granted, including the type and size of the Award, the Committee may consider any factors that it may deem relevant.
1.6 Term of Plan.
The Plan shall be effective as of November 5, 2013 (the Effective Date ), subject to approval by the shareholders of the Company. The provisions of the Plan are applicable to all Awards granted on or after the Effective Date. If not sooner terminated under the provisions of Section 1.4 , the Plan shall terminate upon, and no further Awards shall be made, after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date.
1.7 Definitions.
As used in the Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
1934 Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Advisory Agreement means the advisory agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013, between the Company, Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, and the Advisor.
Affiliate means (i) Remington, (ii) any entity in which the Company, the Advisor or Remington, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the combined voting power, as determined by the Committee, (iii) any parent corporation of the Company, the Advisor or Remington (as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code), (iv) any subsidiary corporation of any such parent corporation (as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code) of the Company, the Advisor or Remington and (v) any trades or businesses, whether or not incorporated which are members of a controlled group or are under common control (as defined in Sections 414(b) or (c) of the Code) with the Company, the Advisor or Remington.
Awards means, collectively, Bonus Stock, Restricted Stock or Other Stock-Based Awards.
Bonus Stock is defined in Article III.
Change of Control shall be deemed to have occurred upon any of the following events:
(i) any person (as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the 1934 Act, and as modified in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the 1934 Act) other than (A) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) Remington, the Advisor or any of their respective Affiliates, (D) a company owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company, or (E) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the shares of voting stock of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that an initial public offering of Common Stock shall not constitute a Change of Control;
(ii) the consummation of any merger, organization, business combination or consolidation of the Company or one of its subsidiaries with or into any other company, other than a merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation which would result in the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto holding securities which represent immediately after such merger, reorganization, business combination or consolidation more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or the surviving company or the parent of such surviving company;
(iii) the consummation of a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Companys assets, other than a sale or disposition if the holders of the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto hold securities immediately thereafter which represent more than 50%
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of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the acquiror, or parent of the acquiror, of such assets, or the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(iv) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the Incumbent Board ) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election by the Board, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Committee means the compensation committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan or, if none, the Board.
Fair Market Value or FMV Per Share . The Fair Market Value or FMV Per Share of the Common Stock shall be the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange or other national securities exchange or over-the-counter market, if applicable, for the date of the determination or, if no trade of the Common Stock shall have been reported for such date, the closing sales price quoted on such exchange for the most recent trade prior to the determination date. If shares of the Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any exchange, over-the-counter market or any similar organization as of the determination date, the FMV Per Share shall be determined by the Committee in good faith using any fair and reasonable means selected in its discretion.
Other Stock-Based Award means an award granted pursuant to Article V of the Plan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Common Stock, as deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan, including, without limitation, rights convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock, purchase rights for Common Stock, Awards with value and payment and/or settlement contingent upon performance of the Company or any other factors designated by the Committee, and Awards valued by reference to the value of Common Stock or the value of securities of or the performance of specified subsidiaries.
Outstanding Company Common Stock means, as of any date of determination, the then outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company.
Outstanding Company Voting Securities means, as of any date of determination, the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally on the election of directors.
Purchased Stock is defined in Section 2.1.
Remington means Remington Lodging & Hospitality LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its affiliates.
Restricted Period shall mean the period established by the Committee with respect to an Award during which the Award either remains subject to forfeiture or is not exercisable by the Advisor.
Restricted Stock shall mean any share of Common Stock, prior to the lapse of restrictions thereon, granted under Article IV of the Plan.
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ARTICLE II
PURCHASED STOCK
2.1 Purchased Stock.
The Committee shall have the authority to authorize the sale of shares of Common Stock ( Purchased Stock ) to the Advisor, on such terms and conditions as it may establish, subject to the further provisions of this Article II. Each issuance and sale of Purchased Stock under this Plan shall be evidenced by an agreement which shall be subject to applicable provisions of this Plan and to such other provisions not inconsistent with this Plan as the Committee may approve for the particular sale transaction.
2.2 Purchase Price.
The price per share of Purchased Stock under this Plan shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Committee, and may be less than, but shall not be greater than the FMV Per Share at the time of purchase.
2.3 Payment of Purchase Price.
Payment of the purchase price for Purchased Stock under this Plan shall be made in full in cash or by check payable and acceptable to the Company.
ARTICLE III
BONUS STOCK
The Committee may, from time to time and subject to the provisions of the Plan, grant shares of Bonus Stock to the Advisor. Bonus Stock shall be shares of Common Stock that are not subject to a Restricted Period under Article IV. Unless otherwise agreed to by the Advisor, Awards granted to the Advisor as partial payment of the incentive fee pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement will be in the form of Bonus Stock.
ARTICLE IV
RESTRICTED STOCK
4.1 Restricted Period and Vesting.
(a) Unless the Award specifically provides otherwise, Restricted Stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer by the Advisor and repurchase by the Company such that the Advisor shall not be permitted to transfer such shares and the Company shall have the right to repurchase or recover such shares for the lesser of the FMV Per Share on the forfeiture day or the amount of cash paid therefor, if any, if the Advisory Agreement is terminated, provided that such transfer and repurchase restrictions shall lapse with respect to 33.33% of such initial shares on the first anniversary of the date of grant and on each subsequent anniversary of the date of grant that the Advisor shall remain continuously in service to the Company.
(b) Each certificate representing Restricted Stock awarded under the Plan shall be registered in the name of the Advisor and, during the Restricted Period, shall be left in deposit with the Company and a stock power endorsed in blank. The grantee of Restricted Stock shall have all the rights of a stockholder with respect to such shares including the right to vote and the right to receive dividends or other distributions paid or made with respect to such shares. Any certificate or certificates representing shares of Restricted Stock shall bear a legend similar to the following:
The shares represented by this certificate have been issued pursuant to the terms of the Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. Advisor Equity Incentive Plan and Grant of Restricted Stock dated , 20 and may not be sold, pledged, transferred, assigned or otherwise encumbered in any manner except as is set forth in the terms of such plan or grant.
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ARTICLE V
OTHER STOCK-BASED AWARDS
The Committee is hereby authorized to grant to the Advisor, Other Stock-Based Awards, which shall consist of a right which (i) is not an Award described in any other Article and (ii) is denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to, shares of Common Stock (including, without limitation, securities convertible into shares of Common Stock) or cash as are deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of any such Other Stock-Based Award.
ARTICLE VI
CERTAIN PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL AWARDS
6.1 General.
Awards may be granted on the terms and conditions set forth herein. In addition, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as the Committee shall determine, including terms requiring forfeiture of Awards in the event of termination of the Advisory Agreement and terms permitting the Advisor to make elections relating to its Award. The Committee shall retain full power and discretion to accelerate or waive, at any time, any term or condition of an Award that is not mandatory under this Plan. Except in cases in which the Committee is authorized to require other forms of consideration under the Plan, or to the extent other forms of consideration must be paid to satisfy the requirements of the Maryland General Corporation Law, no consideration other than services may be required for the grant of any Award.
6.2 Stand-Alone, Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards.
Awards granted under the Plan may, in the discretion of the Committee, be granted either alone or in addition to, in tandem with, or in substitution or exchange for, any other Award or any award granted under another plan of the Company, the Advisor, any of their respective Affiliates, or any business entity to be acquired by the Company, the Advisor or any of their respective Affiliates, or any other right of the Advisor to receive payment from the Company or its Affiliates. Such additional, tandem and substitute or exchange Awards may be granted at any time. If an Award is granted in substitution or exchange for another Award, the Committee shall require the surrender of such other Award in consideration for the grant of the new Award. In addition, Awards may be granted in lieu of cash compensation, including in lieu of cash amounts payable under other plans of the Company or its Affiliates.
6.3 Term of Awards.
The term or Restricted Period of each Award that is Restricted Stock shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee; provided that in no event shall the term of any such Award exceed a period of ten (10) years.
6.4 Form and Timing of Payment under Awards; Deferrals.
Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award agreement, payments to be made by the Company or a subsidiary upon the exercise of an Award, or settlement of an Award may be made in a single payment or transfer, in installments, or on a deferred basis. The settlement of any Award may, subject to any limitations set forth in the Award agreement, be accelerated and cash paid in lieu of shares in connection with such settlement, in the discretion of the Committee or upon occurrence of one or more specified events. Installment or deferred payments may be required by the Committee (subject to Section 1.4 of the Plan, including the consent provisions thereof in the case of any deferral of an outstanding Award not provided for in the original Award agreement) or
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permitted at the election of the Advisor on terms and conditions established by the Committee. Payments may include, without limitation, provisions for the payment or crediting of reasonable interest on installment or deferred payments or the grant or crediting of amounts in respect of installment or deferred payments denominated in shares.
6.5 Vested and Unvested Awards.
After the satisfaction of all of the terms and conditions set by the Committee with respect to an Award of Restricted Stock, a certificate, without the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) , for the number of shares that are no longer subject to such restrictions, terms and conditions shall be delivered to the Advisor. Upon termination of the Advisory Agreement under circumstances that do not cause the Advisor to become fully vested, any remaining unvested shares of Restricted Stock or Other Stock-Based Awards, as the case may be, shall either be forfeited back to the Company or, if appropriate under the terms of the Award, shall continue to be subject to the restrictions, terms and conditions set by the Committee with respect to such Award.
6.6 Other Provisions.
No grant of any Award shall be construed as limiting any right which the Company may have to terminate the Advisory Agreement, pursuant to the terms thereof.
6.7 Change of Control.
In the event of a Change of Control, the following provisions shall apply.
(a) General . Unless otherwise provided in the Award, in connection with a Change of Control, the Board shall have the authority in its sole discretion to take any one or more of the following actions with respect to the Awards:
(i) The Board may accelerate vesting of any unvested Awards;
(ii) the Board may waive, alter and/or amend the performance goals and other restrictions and conditions of Awards then outstanding, with the result that the affected Awards may be deemed vested, and the Restricted Period or other limitations on payment in full with respect thereto shall be deemed to have expired, as of the date of the Change of Control or such other date as may be determined by the Board;
(iii) the Board may cause the acquirer to assume the Plan and the Awards or exchange the Awards for awards for the acquirers stock;
(iv) the Board may terminate the Plan; and
(v) the Board may terminate and cancel all outstanding unvested or unexercised Awards as of the date of the Change of Control on such terms and conditions as it deems appropriate.
Notwithstanding the above provisions of this Section 6.7(a) , the Board shall not be required to take any action described in the preceding provisions of this Section 6.7(a) , and any decision made by the Board, in its sole discretion, not to take some or all of the actions described in the preceding provisions of this Section 6.7(a) shall be final, binding and conclusive with respect to the Company and all other interested persons.
(b) Right to Cash-Out . The Board shall, in connection with a Change of Control, have the right to require the Advisor to transfer and deliver to the Company all Awards previously granted to the Advisor in exchange for an amount equal to the Cash Value (as defined below) of the Awards. Such right shall be exercised by written notice to the Advisor. The amount payable to the Advisor by the Company shall be in cash or by certified check paid within five (5) days following the transfer and delivery of such Award (but in no event later than fifty (50) days following the date of the Change of Control). Cash Value of an Award means the sum of (i) in the case of any Award which is not an Award of Restricted Stock, the value of all benefits to which the Advisor
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would be entitled as if the Award were vested and settled or exercised and (ii) in the case of an Award of Restricted Stock, the FMV Per Share of Restricted Stock, multiplied by the number of shares subject to such Award, all as determined by the Board as of the date of the Change of Control or such other date as may be determined by the Board.
6.8 Ownership Limit.
Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan or the terms of any Awards, the Company shall not be required to, and shall not, issue any Awards hereunder if such issuance would cause the Company to violate the Ownership Limits set forth in its Articles of Amendment and Restatement. As used herein and in the Companys Articles of Amendment and Restatement, the term Ownership Limit means (i) with respect to any class or series shares of Common Stock, 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of such class or series of Common Stock of the Company and (ii) with respect to any class or series of shares of preferred stock or other stock, 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of such class or series of preferred stock or other stock of the Company.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
7.1 No Rights to Awards.
The Advisor shall not have any claim to be granted any Award and the terms and conditions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each grant of an Award.
7.2 No Right to Continued Service.
The grant of an Award shall not be construed as giving the Advisor the right to continue to provide services to the Company or any of its Affiliates. Further, the Company may at any time terminate the Advisory Agreement, pursuant to the terms thereof, free from any liability or any claim under the Plan, unless otherwise expressly provided in the Plan or in any Award agreement.
7.3 Governing Law.
The validity, construction, and effect of the Plan and any rules and regulations relating to the Plan shall be determined in accordance with applicable federal law and the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to any principles of conflicts of law.
7.4 Severability.
If any provision of the Plan or any Award is, becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction or as to the Advisor or any Award, or would disqualify the Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Committee, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to the applicable laws, or if it cannot be construed or deemed amended without, in the determination of the Committee, materially altering the intent of the Plan or the Award, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction or Award and the remainder of the Plan and any such Award shall remain in full force and effect.
7.5 Other Laws.
The Committee may refuse to issue or transfer any shares or other consideration under an Award if, acting in its sole discretion, it determines that the issuance of transfer or such shares or such other consideration might violate any applicable law.
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7.6 No Guarantee of Tax Consequences.
The Advisor shall be solely responsible for and liable for any tax consequences (including but not limited to any interest or penalties) as a result of its participation in the Plan. None of the Board, the Company or the Committee makes any commitment or guarantee that any federal, state or local tax treatment will apply or be available to the Advisor and assumes no liability whatsoever for the tax consequences to the Advisor.
7.7 Claw-back Policy.
All Awards (including any proceeds, gains or other economic benefit actually or constructively received by the Advisor upon any receipt or exercise of any Award or upon the receipt or resale of any shares of Common Stock underlying the Award) shall be subject to the provisions of any claw-back policy implemented by the Company, the Advisor or any Affiliate, as applicable, including, without limitation, any claw-back policy adopted to comply with the requirements of any federal or state laws and any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, to the extent set forth in such claw-back policy and/or in the applicable Award agreement.
7.8 Transfer of Awards.
Following the end of any applicable Restricted Period for any Awards granted to the Advisor pursuant to this Plan, unless otherwise limited in the Award agreement or the underlying Award itself, the Advisor may allocate all or a portion of any Award, or ownership or profits interests in any Award, to the Advisors officers or other personnel of the Advisor or its Affiliates. Any such allocation shall not affect the applicable terms of this Plan or any such Award.
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Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption Experts and to the use of our report dated December 17, 2013, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and subsidiaries, in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 and related Prospectus of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. for the registration of $75,000,000 of common stock.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption Experts and to the use of our report dated June 14, 2013, with respect to the combined consolidated financial statements and schedule of The Ashford Hospitality Prime Hotels, in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 and related Prospectus of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. for the registration of $75,000,000 of common stock.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption Experts and to the use of our report dated June 14, 2013, with respect to the combined financial statements of Ashford Crystal Gateway, in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 and related Prospectus of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. for the registration of $75,000,000 of common stock.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Dallas, Texas
December 17, 2013
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the use in this Registration Statement of Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. on Form S-11 of our report dated February 25, 2013 related to the financial statements of Pier House Joint Venture as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, appearing in the prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement, and to the reference to us under the heading Experts in such prospectus.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cleveland, OH
December 18, 2013