UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form 8-K

 

 

Current Report

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 18, 2014

 

 

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Commission File No. 1-13146

 

Oregon   93-0816972

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200, Lake Oswego, OR 97035

(Address of principal executive offices)                                         (Zip Code)

(503) 684-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Former name or former address, if changed since last report: N/A

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 

 

 


Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

Joint Venture

On July 18, 2014, The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. (the “ Registrant ” or “ Greenbrier ”) and the Watco Companies, L.L.C. (“ Watco ”, Greenbrier and Watco are referred to herein collectively as the “ Members ”) completed the formation of their previously announced 50/50 joint venture (the “ Joint Venture ”) of the Member’s railcar repair, refurbishment and maintenance businesses. With 38 railcar repair, refurbishment and maintenance shops, 14 of which also perform tank car repairs, the Joint Venture is one of the largest independent railcar repair shop networks in North America ranked by the number of locations and geographic diversity.

In this regard, on July 18, 2014 the Members entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “ Contribution Agreement ”) pursuant to which each Member contributed assets in exchange for their membership interests in the Joint Venture and each Member executed the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “ Limited Liability Company Agreement ”) of GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C.

Contribution Agreement

Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, each Member contributed $10 million cash at closing and other assets (including intangible personal property, intellectual property, customer lists, goodwill and other intangibles) to the Joint Venture and agreed to lease to the Joint Venture real and personal properties which had been previously used by such Member in its railcar repair businesses in exchange for the membership interests in the Joint Venture. Each Member also sold their repair inventory to the JV at its book value. In addition, each Member committed to making an additional $5.0 million capital contribution to the Joint Venture in the near term. The Contribution Agreement contains customary terms, conditions, representations and warranties, including representations and warranties regarding each Member’s respective railcar repair businesses and the assets contributed to the Joint Venture or otherwise leased to or to be operated by the Joint Venture after the closing.

Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, each of Greenbrier and Watco retained their pre-closing accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other pre-closing liabilities and obligations. In the Contribution Agreement, the Members agreed to cooperate with respect to warranty obligations and the collection of accounts receivable, and other matters.

Limited Liability Company Agreement

Pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Joint Venture is managed by a four member board of managers comprised of two managers appointed by Watco and two managers appointed by Greenbrier. The voting power of the managers is based on the Members’ relative sharing ratios (currently 50/50) as determined in the Limited Liability Company Agreement and the agreement sets out the necessary votes by the managers and the members for certain actions and contains terms for resolving deadlocks. The Limited Liability Company Agreement provides for the approval by the Managers of the Joint Venture of an annual business plan, which plan is to provide for the Joint Venture’s anticipated funding needs for operations and capital expenditures, and other matters. In addition to the initial

 

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contributions described above, each Member is required to fund the Joint Venture through additional capital contributions and/or loans to the Joint Venture as provided for in the annual business plan and Limited Liability Company Agreement. Interest on outstanding Member loans to the Joint Venture is set at LIBOR plus the highest margin for LIBOR loans made under either Greenbrier or Watco loan agreements plus 100 basis points. The Joint Venture is to make quarterly distributions to the Members as provided for in the Limited Liability Agreement.

The Limited Liability Company Agreement contains provisions concerning dispute resolutions, the disposition of membership interests, including restrictions on dispositions, buy-sell provisions, rights of first refusal and other provisions. The agreement expressly permits certain affiliate transfers and pledges and permits one Member to purchase the interests of another Member upon the occurrence of certain events. In the Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Members agreed not to engage in the railcar repair business in North America while they are members of the Joint Venture and for a term of two years thereafter.

Credit Agreement

In connection with the above transactions, on July 18, 2014, Greenbrier entered into the Fourth Amendment (“ Fourth Amendment ”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (“ Credit Agreement ”). The Fourth Amendment amends certain financial covenants and their definitions including increasing the annual limitation on capital expenditures for fiscal year 2014 from $50 million to $70 million and provides the lenders’ consent for the transactions contemplated by the Contribution Agreement.

The descriptions of the Contribution Agreement, the Limited Liability Company Agreement and the Fourth Amendment in this Current Report on Form 8-K are qualified in their entirety by reference to the complete text of the Contribution Agreement, the Limited Liability Company Agreement and the Fourth Amendment, copies of which are filed hereto as Exhibits 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits

(d) Exhibits

 

Exhibit

  

Description

10.1    Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2014, by and among Watco Companies, L.L.C., The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and with respect to Article III and Article IX only, GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C.
10.2    Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C., dated as of July 18, 2014, by and among Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC, Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C., and Millennium Rail, Inc.
10.3    Fourth Amendment, dated July 18, 2014, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Union Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Book Manager, and the lenders identified therein, dated as of June 30, 2011.

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

   

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

(Registrant)

 
Date: July 24, 2014     By:  

/s/ Mark J. Rittenbaum

 
      Mark J. Rittenbaum  
     

Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

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Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit

  

Description

10.1    Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2014, by and among Watco Companies, L.L.C., The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and with respect to Article III and Article IX only, GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C.
10.2    Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C., dated as of July 18, 2014, by and among Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC, Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C., and Millennium Rail, Inc.
10.3    Fourth Amendment, dated July 18, 2014, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Union Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Book Manager, and the lenders identified therein, dated as of June 30, 2011.

Exhibit 10.1

EXECUTION VERSION

CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

by and among

WATCO COMPANIES, L.L.C.,

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

and

WITH RESPECT TO ARTICLE III AND ARTICLE IX ONLY

GBW RAILCAR SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.L.C.

JULY 18, 2014


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I FORMATION OF THE JOINT VENTURE AND OPERATING SUBSIDIARY

     3   
  1.1   LLC Agreements      3   

ARTICLE II CONTRIBUTIONS

     3   
  2.1   Contribution by Watco      3   
  2.2   Contribution by Greenbrier      6   

ARTICLE III ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

     9   
  3.1   Work in Process Warranty Obligations      9   
  3.2   Additional Capital Contributions      9   
  3.3   Confidentiality      10   
  3.4   Accounts Receivable      10   
  3.5   Access to Information      10   
  3.6   Actions of the Parties      11   
  3.7   Further Action      11   
  3.8   Use of Names and Marks      11   
  3.9   Taxes and Utilities      12   
  3.10   Conduct of Business      13   
  3.11   Non-Solicitation      13   
  3.12   Real Estate Matters      15   
  3.13   GATX Agreement      16   

ARTICLE IV CLOSING

     16   
  4.1   Time and Place      16   
  4.2   Assumption      16   
  4.3   Conditions      16   
  4.4   Conditions to Obligations of Watco      17   
  4.5   Conditions to Obligations of Greenbrier      19   

ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF WATCO

     21   
  5.1   Organization      21   
  5.2   Authority; Binding Effect      22   
  5.3   No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance      22   
  5.4   Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations      23   
  5.5   Compliance With Laws      23   
  5.6   Financial Statements      24   
  5.7   Absence of Certain Events      25   
  5.8   Title to, Condition and Sufficiency of Properties and Assets      26   
  5.9   Intellectual Property      27   

 

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  5.10   Contracts and Commitments      27   
  5.11   Tax Returns and Tax Audits      28   
  5.12   No Litigation      29   
  5.13   Employee Benefit Plans; Labor Matters      30   
  5.14   Environmental      33   
  5.15   Books and Records      35   
  5.16   Brokers and Finders      35   
  5.17   Inventories      35   
  5.18   Disclaimer of other Representations and Warranties      36   

ARTICLE VI REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF GREENBRIER

     36   
  6.1   Organization; Capitalization      37   
  6.2   Authority; Binding Effect      37   
  6.3   No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance      37   
  6.4   Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations      38   
  6.5   Compliance With Laws      38   
  6.6   Financial Statements      39   
  6.7   Absence of Certain Events      40   
  6.8   Title to, Condition and Sufficiency of Properties      41   
  6.9   Intellectual Property      42   
  6.10   Contracts and Commitments      43   
  6.11   Tax Returns and Tax Audits      44   
  6.12   No Litigation      45   
  6.13   Employee Benefit Plans; Labor Matters      45   
  6.14   Environmental      49   
  6.15   Books and Records      50   
  6.16   Brokers and Finders      51   
  6.17   Inventories      51   
  6.18   Disclaimer of other Representations and Warranties      51   

ARTICLE VII SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; INDEMNIFICATION

     52   
  7.1   Survival of Representations and Warranties      52   
  7.2   Indemnification by Watco      52   
  7.3   Indemnification by Greenbrier      53   
  7.4   Exclusive Remedy      55   
  7.5   Limitations      55   
  7.6   Third-Party Claims Procedures      56   

ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION

     57   

 

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  8.1   Grounds for Termination      57   
  8.2   Effect of Termination      57   

ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS

     58   
  9.1   Expenses      58   
  9.2   Press Releases      58   
  9.3   Notices      58   
  9.4   Amendments      59   
  9.5   Waivers      59   
  9.6   Assignments      60   
  9.7   Parties in Interest      60   
  9.8   Counterparts      60   
  9.9   Governing Law      60   
  9.10   Submission to Jurisdiction      60   
  9.11   Waiver of Jury Trial      60   
  9.12   Severability      60   
  9.13   Entire Agreement      60   

ARTICLE X DEFINITIONS

     61   
  10.1   Certain Terms Defined      61   
  10.2   Certain Interpretive Matters      70   

 

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CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

This Contribution Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of July 18, 2014, is entered into by and among Watco Companies, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (“ Watco ”), The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., an Oregon corporation (“ Greenbrier ”), and, with respect to Article III and Article IX only, GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Joint Venture ”).

RECITALS

A. Greenbrier and Watco formed the Joint Venture which, when the transactions described herein are consummated on the Closing Date, will be owned by the following entities in the percentages set forth below:

 

Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C.

     8.49

Millennium Rail, Inc.

     41.51

Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC

     50.00

B. In connection with the formation of the Joint Venture, the parties also formed GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C., as a new Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Joint Venture (the “ Operating Subsidiary ”).

C. Watco and Greenbrier, and certain of their respective Affiliates, currently own and operate the Business (as defined in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture), as of the Closing, at the Watco Locations and Greenbrier Locations, respectively (as to each of the Watco Group and the Greenbrier Group, and their respective members, the “ Business ”), and desire to contribute and assign to the Operating Subsidiary, at the direction of the Joint Venture, certain specified assets (collectively, the “ Assets ”) related to, and certain specified liabilities to be assumed by the Operating Subsidiary, at the direction of the Joint Venture, of their respective Businesses (the “ Asset Contribution ”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein.

D. Greenbrier and/or certain of its Affiliates desire to contribute to the Operating Subsidiary, at the direction of the Joint Venture, the issued share capital of Greenbrier Canada (the “ Shares ”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein (together with the Asset Contribution, the “ Contribution ”).

E. The parties desire to make certain representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with the Contribution, and the parties and their respective Affiliates desire to enter into the Transaction Documents and related transactions described herein.

F. Subject to the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture (as defined below), Greenbrier and Watco desire to provide the Joint Venture with loans to serve as a source of capital for the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement attached as Exhibit A (the “ Credit Agreement ”).

G. Concurrently with the Closing, each of Watco Mechanical and Millennium will enter into with the Operating Subsidiary Inventory Sale Agreements, in the forms attached as Exhibits B-1 and B-2 (the “ Watco Inventory Sale Agreements ”).


H. Concurrently with the Closing, Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC will enter into with the Joint Venture an Inventory Sale Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit C (the “ Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement ”).

I. Concurrently with the Closing, Greenbrier and certain of its Affiliates will enter into with the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary a Tucson Facility Services Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit D (the “ Tucson Facility Services Agreement ”) with respect to the railcar repair facility currently operated by Greenbrier and/or its Affiliates in Tucson, Arizona (the “ Tucson Facility ”), as more fully set forth in the Tucson Facility Services Agreement.

J. Concurrently with the Closing, Watco and Greenbrier will each separately enter into with the Joint Venture an Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement, each in substantially the form attached as Exhibit E (each an “ Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement ” and together the “ Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreements ”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Joint Venture will share with Watco and its Affiliates or Greenbrier and its Affiliates, as applicable, certain financial and other information of the Joint Venture, as more fully set forth in the applicable Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement.

K. Watco and Greenbrier, and certain of their respective Affiliates, will each grant leases to the Joint Venture for the owned real property related to the Business by each entering into a Master Real Property Lease Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit F (each, a “ Master Real Property Lease ”), and will each assign to the Joint Venture the leases underlying the leased real property related to the Business by each entering into Assignment and Assumption of Lease agreements, in the form attached as Exhibit G (each, an “ Assignment and Assumption of Lease ” and together with the Master Real Property Leases, collectively, the “ Real Property Documents ”).

L. Watco and Greenbrier, and certain of their respective Affiliates, will each grant leases to the Joint Venture for the tangible personal property related to the Business by each entering into a Master Personal Property Lease Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit H (each an “ Master Personal Property Lease Agreement ”).

M. In connection with the ongoing operations of the Joint Venture, the Joint Venture will enter into with each of Watco and Greenbrier or certain of their Affiliates agreements to provide to the Joint Venture support services for the operation and ownership of the Business after the Contribution, which will include certain support services pursuant to a Services Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit I (the “ Services Agreement ”).

N. Concurrently with the Closing, the Joint Venture will enter into a Secondment Agreement with Jim Cowan, in the form attached as Exhibit J (the “ Cowan Secondment Agreement ”) which will provide for Mr. Cowan’s services to the Joint Venture, and permit Mr. Cowan to provide services to Greenbrier.

O. Concurrently with the Closing, the parties will enter into an Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit K (the

 

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Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement ”) to provide for a transition period during which certain personnel of Greenbrier, Watco and their respective Affiliates will provide their expertise and experience with respect to employment, benefits and other matters that cannot be resolved by the Closing Date of the Contribution, and after which period such personnel are expected to become employees of the Joint Venture.

AGREEMENT

Accordingly, in consideration of the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

FORMATION OF THE JOINT VENTURE AND OPERATING SUBSIDIARY

1.1 LLC Agreements .

(a) Prior to the Closing, Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC and the Joint Venture entered into the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Joint Venture previously provided to Watco.

(b) On the Closing Date, (i) Watco Mechanical, Millennium and Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC will execute and deliver to each other the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Joint Venture in the form attached as Exhibit L (the “LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture”), and (ii) the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to Watco Mechanical, Millennium and Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Operating Subsidiary in the form attached as Exhibit M (the “LLC Agreement of the Operating Subsidiary”).

ARTICLE II

CONTRIBUTIONS

2.1 Contribution by Watco .

(a) Contributed Business and Assets . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, as of the Closing, Watco shall, and shall cause the applicable members of the Watco Group to, contribute, assign, transfer and convey to the Operating Subsidiary, at the direction of the Joint Venture, all right, title and interest in and to their respective Businesses (which reference, for the avoidance of doubt, is not intended to include (and does not include) any Assets other than the following Assets) and the following Assets used in their Businesses, free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens (except to the extent that such Assets constitute Watco Excluded Assets) (collectively, the “ Watco Contributed Assets ”):

(i) the Contracts to which members of the Watco Group are a party and that are to be assumed by the Joint Venture as set forth with respect to each such member of the Watco Group on Schedule 2.1(a)(i) (the “ Watco Assigned Contracts ”), excluding, however, any Watco Excluded Accounts Receivable, and any security, claim, remedy or other right related thereto;

 

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(ii) $10,000,000 in cash;

(iii) the leasehold estates in real property of certain members of the Watco Group related to the Business represented by the Real Property Documents with Watco and certain other members of the Watco Group as set forth with respect to each such member of the Watco Group on Schedule 2.1(a)(iii) ;

(iv) the leasehold estates in the tangible personal property of certain members of the Watco Group related to the Business represented by the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement with Watco or certain other members of the Watco Group (with a list of tangible personal property (A) requiring annual lease payments of at least $100,000 by any member of the Watco Group or (B) which has net book value of at least $100,000, individually, set forth with respect to each such member of the Watco Group on Schedule 2.1(a)(iv) );

(v) all lists of present and, to the extent available, potential customers and all goodwill and going concern value associated with the respective Businesses owned and operated by the members of the Watco Group;

(vi) certain transferrable licenses, permits, registrations, authorizations, use agreements, orders or approvals of Governmental Authorities held or obtained by the Watco Group related to the Business listed on Schedule 5.4(b) (the “ Watco Transferred Permits ”);

(vii) the Intellectual Property of the Watco Group related to the Business set forth on Schedule 2.1(a)(vii) ; and

(viii) originals or copies of all books, records, files and papers, whether in hard copy or electronic format, used in or related to each member of the Watco Group’s respective Business, including sales and advertising materials, sales and purchase correspondence, and lists of present and former suppliers, but with respect to information relating to Taxes, only the information that is necessary for the preparation of any Tax Returns to be filed by the Joint Venture after the Closing Date or the determination of the Tax basis of the assets contributed by the Watco Group.

(b) No other Assets Contributed . Except for the Watco Contributed Assets, the Watco Group shall retain and not contribute, assign, transfer or convey to the Joint Venture, and the Joint Venture shall not acquire any right, title or interest in or to, any property or assets of Watco or any other member of the Watco Group (such property and assets other than the Watco Contributed Assets, collectively, the “ Watco Excluded Assets ”).

(c) Assumption of Liabilities . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, and in reliance on the representations, warranties, covenants and

 

4


agreements made by Watco herein, effective as of the Closing, the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary shall assume and be obligated pursuant to this Agreement to pay when due, perform, or discharge, as applicable, the Liabilities of Watco and the other members of the Watco Group arising under the Watco Assigned Contracts of Watco and/or such other member of the Watco Group, as applicable, at any time after the Closing Date relating to periods after the Closing Date (collectively, the “ Watco Assumed Liabilities ”); provided that the Watco Assumed Liabilities will include the obligation of the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary to complete all WIP sold to the Joint Venture pursuant to the Watco Inventory Sale Agreement and all construction in progress as set forth on Schedule 2.1(c) ; provided , further , that in no event shall the Watco Assumed Liabilities include, and the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary shall not assume or be obligated pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise for, any Liabilities arising out of or with respect to any of the following: (i) any breach of, default under (including a payment default), or failure to perform or comply with any of the terms of, any of the Watco Assigned Contracts occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) any illegal, void or voidable Watco Assigned Contract or portion thereof, (iii) any acts of negligence or other torts occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, (iv) any violations of Law occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, or (v) any obligations for warranty and related obligations resulting from any work performed on or prior to the Closing Date, including on WIP on or prior to the Closing Date.

(d) No other Liabilities Assumed . Except for the Watco Assumed Liabilities, the Joint Venture shall not assume or otherwise become obligated pursuant to this Agreement to pay when due, perform or discharge, as applicable, any Liabilities of Watco or any other member of the Watco Group arising before, on or after the Closing Date (collectively, the “ Watco Excluded Liabilities ”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Watco Excluded Liabilities shall include, without limitation, the Liabilities set forth in the second proviso of Section 2.1(c) above and any and all Liabilities of Watco or any other member of the Watco Group for any accounts payable (or similar accruals) arising on or prior to the Closing Date.

(e) Issuance . In exchange for the contributions described in Section 2.1(a) , Greenbrier and Watco will cause the Joint Venture to issue, at the Closing and pursuant to the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, 8.49% of the Joint Venture’s Membership Interest to Watco Mechanical and 41.51% of the Joint Venture’s Membership Interest to Millennium.

(f) Treatment of Contribution . The contributions and conveyances described in this Section 2.1 will be treated by the parties as a contribution, on behalf of and to the credit of Watco Mechanical and Millennium as set forth in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, of the Watco Contributed Assets to the Joint Venture in exchange for the interests in the Joint Venture, pursuant to Section 721 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.

(g) Non-Assignment . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein (but not in limitation of the Watco Group’s obligations hereunder), the Watco Group will not be obligated to assign to the Joint Venture any Contract that

 

5


provides that it may not be assigned without the consent of the other parties thereto and for which such consents have not been obtained as of the Closing Date. The parties will reasonably cooperate, and the appropriate members of the Watco Group will use commercially reasonable efforts, to procure the consent to assignment to the Joint Venture of all Watco Assigned Contracts as promptly as practicable after the Closing Date. If, upon exercise by the appropriate members of the Watco Group of commercially reasonable efforts to procure such consents, Watco determines that any Contract included in the Watco Assigned Contracts is not or will not be assignable by the applicable member of the Watco Group to the Joint Venture, Watco will cause to be provided to the Joint Venture the benefit of such Contract to the same extent as if such member of the Watco Group had not been prevented from assigning such Contract to the Joint Venture to the extent legally permissible without violating such Contract, and the Joint Venture will act as subcontractors and agents of such member of the Watco Group, as applicable, and, if the benefit of such contract is provided to the Joint Venture, will perform all of the obligations and assume all of the liabilities under such Contracts arising after the Effective Time. Nothing in this Agreement or the Assignment and Assumption Agreement will be construed as an attempt to assign any agreement that by its terms is not assignable without the consent of the other party.

2.2 Contribution by Greenbrier .

(a) Contributed Business and Assets . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, as of the Closing, Greenbrier shall, and shall cause the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group to, contribute, assign, transfer and convey to the Operating Subsidiary, at the direction of the Joint Venture, all right, title and interest in and to their Businesses (which reference, for the avoidance of doubt, is not intended to include (and does not include) any Assets other than the following Assets) and the following Assets used in their Businesses, free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens (except to the extent that such Assets constitute Greenbrier Excluded Assets) (collectively, the “ Greenbrier Contributed Assets ”):

(i) the Contracts to which members of the Greenbrier Group are a party and that are to be assumed by the Joint Venture as set forth with respect to each such member of the Greenbrier Group on Schedule 2.2(a)(i) (the “ Greenbrier Assigned Contracts ”), excluding, however, any Greenbrier Excluded Accounts Receivable, and any security, claim, remedy or other right related thereto;

(ii) $10,000,000 in cash;

(iii) the leasehold estates in real property of certain members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business represented by the Real Property Documents with Greenbrier and certain other members of the Greenbrier Group as set forth with respect to each such member of the Greenbrier Group on Schedule 2.2(a)(iii) ;

 

6


(iv) the leasehold estates in the tangible personal property of certain members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business represented by the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement with Greenbrier or certain other members of the Greenbrier Group (with a list of tangible personal property (A) requiring annual lease payments of at least $100,000 by any member of the Greenbrier Group or (B) which had an original acquisition cost of at least $100,000, individually, set forth with respect to each such member of the Greenbrier Group on Schedule 2.2(a)(iv) );

(v) all lists of present and, to the extent available, potential customers and all goodwill and going concern value associated with the respective Businesses owned and operated by the members of the Greenbrier Group;

(vi) certain transferrable licenses, permits, registrations, authorizations, use agreements, orders or approvals of Governmental Authorities held or obtained by the Greenbrier Group related to the Business listed on Schedule 6.4(b) (the “ Greenbrier Transferred Permits ”);

(vii) the Intellectual Property of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business set forth on Schedule 2.2(a)(vii) ;

(viii) the Shares; and

(ix) originals or copies of all books, records, files and papers, whether in hard copy or electronic format, used in or related to each member of the Greenbrier Group’s respective Business, including sales and advertising materials, sales and purchase correspondence, and lists of present and former suppliers, but with respect to information relating to Taxes, only the information that is necessary for the preparation of any Tax Returns to be filed by the Joint Venture after the Closing Date or the determination of the Tax basis of the assets contributed by the Greenbrier Group.

(b) No other Assets Contributed . Except for the Greenbrier Contributed Assets, the Greenbrier Group shall retain and not contribute, assign, transfer or convey to the Joint Venture, and the Joint Venture shall not acquire any right, title or interest in or to, any property or assets of Greenbrier or any other member of the Greenbrier Group (such property and assets other than the Greenbrier Contributed Assets, collectively, the “ Greenbrier Excluded Assets ”). For the avoidance of doubt, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Greenbrier Excluded Assets shall include any and all property or assets located at, or used (or held for use) in or relating to, the operation of the Tucson Facility.

(c) Assumption of Liabilities . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, and in reliance on the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made by Greenbrier herein, effective as of the Closing, the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary shall assume and be obligated pursuant to this Agreement to pay when due, perform, or discharge, as applicable, the Liabilities of Greenbrier and the

 

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other members of the Greenbrier Group arising under the Greenbrier Assigned Contracts of Greenbrier and/or such other member of the Greenbrier Group, as applicable, at any time after the Closing Date relating to periods after the Closing Date (collectively, the “ Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities ”); provided that the Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities will include the obligation of the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary to complete all WIP sold to the Joint Venture pursuant to the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement and all construction in progress as set forth on Schedule 2.2(c) ; provided , further , that in no event shall the Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities include, and the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary shall not assume or be obligated pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise for, any Liabilities arising out of or with respect to any of the following: (i) any breach of, default under (including a payment default), or failure to perform or comply with any of the terms of, any of the Greenbrier Assigned Contracts occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) any illegal, void or voidable Greenbrier Assigned Contract or portion thereof, (iii) any acts of negligence or other torts occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, (iv) any violations of Law occurring on or prior to the Closing Date, or (v) any obligations for warranty and related obligations resulting from any work performed on or prior to the Closing Date, including on WIP on or prior to the Closing Date.

(d) No other Liabilities Assumed . Except for the Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities, the Joint Venture shall not assume or otherwise become obligated pursuant to this Agreement to pay when due, perform or discharge, as applicable, any Liabilities of Greenbrier or any other member of the Greenbrier Group arising before, on or after the Closing Date (collectively, the “ Greenbrier Excluded Liabilities ”). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Greenbrier Excluded Liabilities shall include, without limitation, the Liabilities set forth in the second proviso of Section 2.2(c) above and any and all Liabilities of Greenbrier or any other member of the Greenbrier Group for any accounts payable arising on or prior to the Closing Date.

(e) Issuance . In exchange for the contributions described in Section 2.2(a) , Greenbrier and Watco will cause the Joint Venture to issue, at the Closing and pursuant to the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, 50% of the Joint Venture’s Membership Interest to Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC.

(f) Treatment of Contribution . The contributions and conveyances described in this Section 2.2 will be treated by the parties as contributions, on behalf of and to the credit of Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC as set forth in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, of the Greenbrier Contributed Assets and the Shares to the Joint Venture in exchange for the interests in the Joint Venture, pursuant to Section 721 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.

(g) Non-Assignment . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein (but not in limitation of the Greenbrier Group’s obligations hereunder), the Greenbrier Group will not be obligated to assign to the Joint Venture any Contract that provides that it may not be assigned without the consent of the other parties thereto and for which such consents have not been obtained as of the Closing Date. The parties will reasonably cooperate, and the appropriate members of the Greenbrier Group will use commercially reasonable efforts, to procure the consent to assignment to the Joint

 

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Venture of all Greenbrier Assigned Contracts as promptly as practicable after the Closing Date. If, upon exercise by the appropriate members of the Greenbrier Group of commercially reasonable efforts to procure such consents, Greenbrier determines that any Contract included in the Greenbrier Assigned Contracts is not or will not be assignable by the applicable member of the Greenbrier Group to the Joint Venture, Greenbrier will cause to be provided to the Joint Venture the benefit of such Contract to the same extent as if such member of the Greenbrier Group had not been prevented from assigning such Contract to the Joint Venture to the extent legally permissible without violating such Contract, and the Joint Venture will act as subcontractors and agents of such member of the Greenbrier Group, as applicable, and, if the benefit of such contract is provided to the Joint Venture, will perform all of the obligations and assume all of the liabilities under such Contracts arising after the Effective Time. Nothing in this Agreement or the Assignment and Assumption Agreement will be construed as an attempt to assign any agreement that by its terms is not assignable without the consent of the other party.

ARTICLE III

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

3.1 Work in Process Warranty Obligations . The parties agree that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any third party makes any warranty claim, or the Joint Venture otherwise incurs any warranty obligations, in each case relating to WIP, then the liability, if any, resulting from such claim, or such obligation, as applicable, shall be allocated to either (i) the applicable member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, as the case may be, if such claim or obligation arose as a result of the work performed with respect to such WIP on or prior to the Closing Date, or (ii) the Joint Venture, if such claim or obligation arose as a result of the work performed with respect to such WIP after the Closing Date. Each party agrees to reasonably cooperate with the other parties and the Joint Venture to reasonably determine whether such claim or obligation arose as a result of the work performed with respect to such WIP on or prior the Closing Date, on the one hand, or after the Closing Date, on the other hand, for purposes of allocating the liability, if any, resulting from such claim, or such obligation, as applicable, in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence. If the applicable parties and the Joint Venture are unable to reasonably determine whether such claim or obligation arose as a result of the work performed with respect to such WIP on or prior to the Closing Date, on the one hand, or after the Closing Date, on the other hand, then such parties and the Joint Venture shall reasonably cooperate with one another to reasonably determine the appropriate allocation of the liability, if any, resulting from such claim, or such obligation, as applicable, between the applicable member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, as the case may be, on the one hand, and the Joint Venture, on the other hand, and such liability or obligation shall be allocated as mutually agreed by such parties and the Joint Venture. Each party agrees to reasonably cooperate with, and to reasonably assist, each other party and the Joint Venture, as applicable, to submit and pursue claims, and collect amounts available, under available insurance coverages, if any, of such other party and/or the Joint Venture, as applicable, with respect to any such liability or obligation.

3.2 Additional Capital Contributions . The parties acknowledge their obligations to make additional capital contributions under Section 3.1 of the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture. After the Closing, each of (i) Watco Mechanical and Millennium, together, on the one

 

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hand, and (ii) Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC, on the other hand, shall contribute to the Joint Venture an additional $5,000,000 in cash as an Additional Capital Contribution (as defined in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture) upon receipt of a Funding Notice (as defined in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture), in each case pursuant to, and in accordance with the terms and provisions of, the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture.

3.3 Confidentiality . That certain Mutual Confidentiality and Nondisclosure Agreement effective as of May 20, 2013 by and between Greenbrier and Watco, and that certain Addendum to Mutual Nondisclosure and Confidentiality Agreement effective as of March 19, 2014 between Greenbrier Companies and Watco (together, the “ Confidentiality Agreement ”), shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. The obligations in the Confidentiality Agreement are in addition to and do not limit or amend the obligations in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document.

3.4 Accounts Receivable . From and after the Closing, if any member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group (or any of their respective Affiliates, other than the Joint Venture) receives or collects any funds relating to any accounts receivable, other than the Watco Excluded Accounts Receivable and the Greenbrier Excluded Accounts Receivable, as applicable, then such member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group (or such Affiliate thereof), as applicable, shall, promptly after its receipt thereof, remit such funds to the Joint Venture. From and after the Closing, if the Joint Venture receives or collects any funds relating to any of the Watco Excluded Accounts Receivable or the Greenbrier Excluded Accounts Receivable, as applicable, then the Joint Venture shall, promptly after its receipt thereof, remit such funds to the applicable member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group. To the extent (a) the Joint Venture or Watco receives any payment from a Watco customer that is not identified as applying to a specific account receivable, such payment shall be applied first to the oldest outstanding Watco Excluded Account Receivable for such customer, or (b) the Joint Venture or Greenbrier receives any payment from a Greenbrier customer that is not identified as applying to a specific account receivable, such payment shall be applied first to the oldest outstanding Greenbrier Excluded Account Receivable for such customer. If (A) the Joint Venture or Watco receives any payment for a Watco Excluded Account Receivable or (B) the Joint Venture or Greenbrier receives any payment for a Greenbrier Excluded Account Receivable, in either case after a payment has been applied pursuant to the methodology in the preceding sentence, and such payment is identified as applying to a Watco Excluded Account Receivable or a Greenbrier Excluded Account Receivable for which payments had already been applied pursuant to the preceding sentence, the parties shall cooperate in good faith to reimburse to the Joint Venture any payments applied in excess of amounts owed to either Watco or Greenbrier, as applicable.

3.5 Access to Information . Subject to any applicable requirements under Law and the confidentiality obligations of the parties, each party will:

(a) use commercially reasonable best efforts, from the date of this Agreement until the Closing Date, to provide to the other party and its representatives reasonable access, during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice, to officers, employees, agents, properties, offices and other facilities of the other party, and to the books and records thereof, in each case to the extent related to the Business; and

 

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(b) use commercially reasonable best efforts, from the date of this Agreement until the Closing Date, to furnish to the Joint Venture such information concerning the Businesses, the Watco Contributed Assets, the Greenbrier Contributed Assets, and the other properties, contracts, assets, liabilities, personnel and aspects of the Businesses, of the Watco Group and the Greenbrier Group, as applicable, as the Joint Venture or its representatives may reasonably request in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or under the Transaction Documents.

3.6 Actions of the Parties . Each of Watco and Greenbrier will use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause the members of the Watco Group and the Greenbrier Group, respectively, to execute, take such actions, make such deliveries or fulfill such obligations or closing conditions as required under or as necessary in connection with this Agreement, the Transaction Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

3.7 Further Action . Each party will, and will use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause its Affiliates to, promptly execute and deliver to the other party after the Closing Date any other agreement or instrument that may be reasonably requested by the other party and that is reasonably appropriate to perfect or evidence any of the contributions, assignments, transfers or conveyances contemplated by this Agreement and to do any and all such further acts and things as may be reasonably necessary to effect completely the Contribution or other transactions contemplated under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents. The parties will, and will use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause their respective Affiliates to, cooperate following the Closing Date and to do any and all such further acts and things as may be reasonably necessary or desirable to effect completely the Contribution or other transactions contemplated under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents, including assistance with billing, opening and closing Tax accounts, Tax filings and Tax Audits and transferring of the Watco Transferred Permits or Greenbrier Transferred Permits, respectively. As soon as reasonably practicable following the Closing, Greenbrier will deliver the stock certificate(s) evidencing the Shares to the Joint Venture or, if directed by the Joint Venture, the Operating Subsidiary.

3.8 Use of Names and Marks .

(a) “ Licensed Marks ” means all trademarks, service marks, trade dress, trade names, domain names and other identifiers of source or origin (collectively, “ Trademarks ”) of Watco or Greenbrier (each a “ Licensor ” and collectively, “ Licensors ”) necessary to operate the Business consistent with past practice (in any style or design), any variations or acronyms of any of the foregoing, and all registrations and applications for registration for any of the foregoing. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 3.8(a) , each Licensor, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates (as applicable), hereby grants to the Joint Venture (“ Licensee ”) a limited, personal and non-assignable, non-transferable and non-sublicensable (except to its direct subsidiaries), non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use and display the Licensed Marks during the License Term (as defined below) (i) solely in connection with the Business, (ii) in the same or substantially the same manner and form as, and in connection with goods and services of a level of quality equal to or greater than the quality of goods and services in connection with which, they were being used by such Licensor prior to the Closing Date and consistent with the past practices of such Licensor, (iii) in compliance with any commercially

 

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reasonable quality control guidelines that may be provided from time to time by such Licensor and/or, at the option of such Licensor, and subject to such Licensor’s reasonable inspection of any articles or materials on which the Licensed Marks are used; (iv) in compliance with any reasonable trademark usage guidelines provided from time to time by such Licensor; and (v) in compliance with all applicable Laws and industry practice. Licensee may not nor attempt to, nor permit, enable or request any other person to: (A) use any Licensed Mark in any manner, or engage in any act or omission, that tarnishes, degrades, disparages or reflects adversely on a Licensed Mark or the applicable Licensor’s business or reputation, or that might dilute or otherwise harm the value, reputation or distinctiveness of or the applicable Licensor’s goodwill in any Licensed Marks; (B) register or file applications to register in any jurisdiction any Trademark that consists of, incorporates, is confusingly similar to, or is a variation, derivation, modification or acronym of, any Licensed Marks; or (C) contest the ownership or validity of any of the Licensed Marks including in any litigation or administrative proceeding. Licensee shall use commercially reasonable efforts to transition away from use of the Licensed Marks as soon as reasonably practicable following the Closing Date. Licensee acknowledges that as between the parties, except as expressly provided in this Section 3.8(a) , each Licensor reserves for itself and its Affiliates all rights, title and interest worldwide in the Licensed Marks of such Licensor, and no other rights therein are granted to Licensee and Licensee shall have no rights, and is not acquiring any rights to use the Licensed Marks after the expiration of the License Term and any and all rights to use the Licensed Marks terminate and revert to the applicable Licensor. All use of the Licensed Marks by Licensee and all goodwill associated with such use shall inure to the benefit of the applicable Licensor. For purposes hereof, “ License Term ” means the period beginning on the Closing Date and ending on the earlier of (y) the date that is thirty (30) days after the applicable Licensor delivers written notice to Licensee to terminate use of the Licensed Marks of such Licensor and (z) the date that is one (1) year following the Closing Date.

(b) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the license granted under this Section 3.8 may be terminated with respect to Licensee by written notice if Licensee is in material breach of any provision hereof that remains uncured for more than thirty (30) days after written notice thereof from the applicable Licensor. Upon such termination of the license granted hereunder for any reason, Licensee will not use, and will cause its subsidiaries to not use, any of the applicable Licensed Marks.

(c) As between Licensee and Licensor, Licensee is and shall remain an independent contractor and is not and shall not be deemed to be an employee, joint venturer, partner or franchisee of Licensor for any purpose other than as set forth in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture. Licensee does not have, and shall not represent itself as having, any right or authority to obligate or bind Licensor in any manner whatsoever.

3.9 Taxes and Utilities .

(a) The Joint Venture will be solely responsible for and shall timely pay all personal property, real property, franchise, sales, use, rent, license, and permit taxes,

 

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assessments, and fees levied or assessed against it or its owned or leased personal property, the Watco Contributed Assets or the Greenbrier Contributed Assets for periods beginning after the Closing Date (collectively, “ Impositions ”). At the request of any member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, the Joint Venture will provide evidence of payment of Impositions. All such taxes, assessments and fees levied against a Watco Contributed Asset or a Greenbrier Contributed Asset for any period of time occurring partially before and partially after the Closing Date will be prorated between the Joint Venture and the applicable member Watco Group or Greenbrier Group.

(b) After the Closing Date, electricity, gas, water, telephone, trash removal, snow removal, landscaping, janitorial and maintenance and all other utilities and similar services (collectively, “ Utilities and Services ”) used by the Joint Venture with respect to the Watco Contributed Assets and the Greenbrier Contributed Assets will be contracted for and paid by the Joint Venture. If there is any period after the Closing Date when such Utilities and Services have not been transitioned to direct contracts with the Joint Venture, then the Joint Venture will reimburse the applicable member of the Watco Group or Greenbrier Group for the costs of such Utilities and Services for such period after the Closing Date.

3.10 Conduct of Business . Between the date of this Agreement and the earlier of the Closing or the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, (a) the members of the Watco Group shall conduct their Business only in the usual and ordinary course of business in accordance with past custom and practice and use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the Watco Contributed Assets, and keep intact, their Business, including using commercially reasonable best efforts to keep available the services of current employees of their Business and preserving the goodwill, reputation and business relationships of their Business with customers, suppliers, vendors, licensors, licensees and others with whom they have material dealings, and (b) the members of the Greenbrier Group shall conduct their Business only in the usual and ordinary course of business in accordance with past custom and practice and use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the Greenbrier Contributed Assets, and keep intact, their Business, including using commercially reasonable best efforts to keep available the services of current employees of their Business and preserving the goodwill, reputation and business relationships of their Business with customers, suppliers, vendors, licensors, licensees and others with whom they have material dealings.

3.11 Non-Solicitation .

(a) Watco, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, covenants and agrees, during the period for which it is a direct or indirect beneficial owner of equity in the Joint Venture and for one (1) year following such period, that it will not, directly or indirectly:

(i) without the written consent of the Joint Venture, solicit for employment with Watco or any of its Affiliates any senior management member or executive officer of the Joint Venture or any of its Affiliates (the “ Covered JV Employees ”) or encourage or otherwise induce any Covered JV Employees to terminate their employment with the Joint Venture or any of its Affiliates (provided, however, that for purposes of this clause (i), the term “Covered JV

 

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Employees” shall not include the individuals set forth on Schedule 3.11(a) (i); provided, in each case, that with respect to any such individual set forth on Schedule 3.11(a)(i) , (y) Watco has delivered written notice to the Joint Venture and Greenbrier of Watco’s (or its Affiliate’s, as the case may be) intent to take any such action prohibited by this clause (i) at least one hundred eighty (180) days (or such lesser period as the Chief Executive Officer of the Joint Venture may agree) prior to Watco (or its Affiliate, as applicable) taking such action and (z) Watco (or its Affiliate, as applicable) shall make the applicable individual available to, and shall use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause such individual to, provide transition services to the Joint Venture and its subsidiaries in connection with the transition of such individual’s duties and responsibilities to his or her successor, in each case as reasonably requested by the Joint Venture and for a reasonable period following the cessation of such individual’s employment with the Joint Venture); or

(ii) without the written consent of Greenbrier, solicit for employment with Watco or any of its Affiliates any employee of Greenbrier or any of its Affiliates to whom Watco may be introduced or otherwise had contact with as a result of being a direct or indirect equityholder of the Joint Venture (the “ Covered Greenbrier Employees ”) or encourage or otherwise induce any Covered Greenbrier Employees to terminate their employment with Greenbrier or any of its Affiliates.

(b) Greenbrier, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, covenants and agrees that, during the period for which it is a direct or indirect beneficial owner of equity in the Joint Venture and for one (1) year following such period, that it will not, directly or indirectly:

(i) without the written consent of the Joint Venture, solicit for employment with Greenbrier or any of its Affiliates any Covered JV Employees or encourage or otherwise induce any Covered JV Employees to terminate their employment with the Joint Venture or any of its Affiliates (provided, however, that for purposes of this clause (i), the term “Covered JV Employees” shall not include the individuals set forth on Schedule 3.11(b)(i) ; provided, in each case, that with respect to any such individual set forth on Schedule 3.11(b)(i) (y) Greenbrier has delivered written notice to the Joint Venture and Watco of Greenbrier’s (or its Affiliate’s, as the case may be) intent to take any such action prohibited by this clause (i) at least one hundred eighty (180) days (or such lesser period as the Chief Executive Officer of the Joint Venture may agree) prior to Greenbrier (or its Affiliate, as applicable) taking such action and (z) Greenbrier (or its Affiliate, as applicable) shall make the applicable individual available to, and shall use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause such individual to, provide transition services to the Joint Venture and its subsidiaries in connection with the transition of such individual’s duties and responsibilities to his or her successor, in each case as reasonably requested by the Joint Venture and for a reasonable period following the cessation of such individual’s employment with the Joint Venture); or

 

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(ii) without the written consent of Watco, solicit for employment with Greenbrier or any of its Affiliates any employee of Watco or any of its Affiliates to whom Greenbrier may be introduced or otherwise had contact with as a result of being a direct or indirect equityholder of the Joint Venture (the “ Covered Watco Employees ”) or encourage or otherwise induce any Covered Watco Employees to terminate their employment with Watco or any of its Affiliates.

(c) Except as contemplated by the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement, the Joint Venture, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries, covenants and agrees that, during the period for which either Watco or Greenbrier is a direct or indirect beneficial owner of equity in the Joint Venture and for one (1) year following such period, that it will not, directly or indirectly: (i) without the written consent of Watco solicit for employment with the Joint Venture or any of its subsidiaries any employee of Watco or any of its subsidiaries to whom the Joint Venture may be introduced or otherwise had contact with as a result of Watco being a direct or indirect equityholder of the Joint Venture (the “ JV Covered Watco Employees ”) or encourage or otherwise induce any JV Covered Watco Employees to terminate their employment with Watco or any of its subsidiaries; or (ii) without the written consent of Greenbrier, solicit for employment with the Joint Venture or any of its subsidiaries any employee of Greenbrier or any of its subsidiaries to whom the Joint Venture may be introduced or otherwise had contact with as a result of Greenbrier being a direct or indirect equityholder of the Joint Venture (the “ JV Covered Greenbrier Employees ”) or encourage or otherwise induce any JV Covered Greenbrier Employees to terminate their employment with Greenbrier or any of its subsidiaries.

(d) Each of the parties hereto acknowledges and agrees that nothing in this Section 3.11 will prevent the parties from causing to be placed any general advertisements in newspapers and/or other media of general circulation (including advertisements posted on the Internet) that is not targeted specifically at any Covered JV Employees, Covered Greenbrier Employees or Covered Watco Employees, as applicable.

3.12 Real Estate Matters .

(a) To the extent that the parties are unable to obtain estoppel certificates prior to the Closing with respect to any of the leasehold estates set forth on Schedule 2.1(a)(iii) , with respect to the Watco Group, or Schedule 2.2(a)(iii) , with respect to the Greenbrier Group, from one or more of the landlords or lessors that are a counterparty thereto, the parties hereto shall continue to use their commercially reasonable best efforts to obtain such estoppel certificate(s) within ninety (90) days after the Closing.

(b) Additionally, to the extent that Watco and/or its Affiliates are unable to obtain and record releases of the mortgages and deeds of trust that encumber any of the Watco Owned Real Property prior to the Closing, Watco, at its sole cost and expense, will cause such releases to be obtained and recorded in the applicable land records as soon as practicable (but in no event later than one hundred eighty (180) days) following the Closing and will provide conformed copies of such recorded releases to Greenbrier promptly after recordation of same.

 

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3.13 GATX Agreement . If under the Railcar Repair and Service Agreement, dated March 7, 2005, between General Electric Railcar Services Corporation (GE Railcar) and Gunderson Rail Services, Inc. (Contract Shop), as amended December 14, 2009, and as assigned to GATX Corporation effective March 21, 2014 (the “ GATX Agreement ”), there is a Shortfall (as defined in the GATX Agreement) during the Contract Year (as defined in the GATX Agreement) beginning January 1, 2014 and ending December 31, 2014, and the Joint Venture or any of its Affiliates receives a payment for the Final Shortfall Amount (as defined in the GATX Agreement), the Joint Venture (or its Affiliate, as applicable) shall pay Greenbrier its proportionate share of such payment calculated based on the actual number of days elapsed during such Contract Year up to and including the Closing Date. For illustrative purposes only, assuming a Closing Date of July 18, 2014, Greenbrier would receive 54.5% (which is the quotient of (y) 199 (i.e. the number of days elapsed during such Contract Year up to and including the Closing Date) divided by (z) 365 (i.e. the total number of days in such Contract Year)) of the payment of the Final Shortfall Amount.

ARTICLE IV

CLOSING

4.1 Time and Place . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the closing of the transactions contemplated hereby (the “ Closing ”) shall take place on July 18, 2014 or as soon as practicable thereafter, but in no event later than five (5) business days, after the day on which the last to be satisfied or waived of the conditions set forth in Sections 4.3 , 4.4 and 4.5 (other than those conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at the Closing, it being understood that the occurrence of the Closing shall remain subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at the Closing) shall be satisfied or waived in accordance with this Agreement or such other date as the parties may agree to in writing (such date being referred to herein as the “ Closing Date ”), and will take effect as of 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the Closing Date (the “ Effective Time ”). The Closing shall take place at such place as is mutually agreed upon by the parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party hereto may participate in the Closing remotely by delivery of documents and/or funds.

4.2 Assumption . At the Closing, the parties will cause the Joint Venture to assume the Watco Assumed Liabilities and the Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities, as set forth in Sections 2.1(c) and 2.2(c) , respectively, by delivery to each of Watco, and Greenbrier, respectively, a duly executed assignment and assumption agreement, each in the form of Exhibit N (the “ Assignment and Assumption Agreement ”).

4.3 Conditions . The respective obligations of Watco and Greenbrier to effect the Contribution and related transactions hereunder or under the Transaction Documents at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction or written waiver (if not prohibited by Law), at or prior to the Closing, of the following conditions:

(a) No Governmental Authority has enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any Law, order, writ, injunction, decree, judgment, ruling or other legal restraint (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) that is in effect and that has the effect of making the Contribution or any of the other transactions under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents illegal or otherwise prohibiting or preventing the Contribution or any of the other transactions under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents.

 

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(b) No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction order, writ, decree, judgment or ruling issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint prohibiting or preventing the consummation of the Contribution or any of the other transactions under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents is in effect.

(c) The waivers, notices, amendments or consents required from financial institutions for the parties’ respective financing arrangements set forth on Schedule 4.3(c) have been obtained or sent by the parties, as applicable.

(d) There shall be no pending or threatened Action challenging or seeking to restrain, prohibit or prevent the consummation of the Contribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or otherwise claiming that this Agreement or the consummation of the Contribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are illegal.

(e) The consent of Kinder Morgan Rail Services, LLC has been obtained by Watco.

4.4 Conditions to Obligations of Watco . The obligations of Watco to effect and consummate the transactions contemplated hereunder or under the Transaction Documents at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived (if not prohibited by Law) in writing by Watco:

(a) the representations and warranties of Greenbrier in this Agreement shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent (i) such representations and warranties are made on and as of a specified date, in which case the same shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the specified date, and/or (ii) such representations and warranties contain qualifications as to materiality (whether by reference to “material” or “Material Adverse Effect” or otherwise), in which case the same shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date);

(b) Greenbrier has performed and complied in all material respects with all covenants and obligations under this Agreement and the Transaction Documents required to be performed and complied with by Greenbrier as of or prior to the Closing;

(c) from the date of this Agreement, there has not been a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Business of the Greenbrier Group (measured on a collective basis, and not with respect to each member of the Greenbrier Group individually), nor have any event or events occurred that, individually or in the aggregate, with or without the lapse of time, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Business of the Greenbrier Group (measured on a collective basis, and not with respect to each member of the Greenbrier Group individually);

 

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(d) Watco has received the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Assignment and Assumption Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(e) Watco has received a Bill of Sale, in the form of Exhibit O (the “ Bill of Sale ”), duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Bill of Sale duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(f) Greenbrier has delivered to the Joint Venture certificates pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2(b) (a “ FIRPTA Certificate ”) that the applicable contributing members of the Greenbrier Group with respect to the Greenbrier Real Property are not foreign persons within the meaning of Section 1445 of the Code, duly executed by such members of the Greenbrier Group;

(g) Watco has received a certificate of an authorized officer of Greenbrier, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the conditions specified in Sections 4.4(a) and 4.4(b) are satisfied, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Watco;

(h) Watco has received good standing certificates of each member of the Greenbrier Group;

(i) each of the consents, notices and approvals listed on Schedule 4.4(i) have been obtained (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Watco) and are in full force and effect;

(j) Watco has received the Credit Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and Greenbrier;

(k) Watco has received the Watco Inventory Sale Agreements, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(l) Watco has received a copy of the Tucson Facility Services Agreement, duly executed by Greenbrier, the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary;

(m) Watco has received the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement to which it is a party, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement to which Greenbrier is a party, duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(n) Watco has received the Real Property Documents, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Real Property Documents duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

 

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(o) Watco has received the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(p) Watco has received the Services Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Services Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group;

(q) Watco has received a copy of the Cowan Secondment Agreement, duly executed by Greenbrier, the Joint Venture and Jim Cowan;

(r) Watco has received the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group; and

(s) Greenbrier has delivered such other documents and instruments as Watco may reasonably request to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

4.5 Conditions to Obligations of Greenbrier . The obligations of Greenbrier to effect and consummate the transactions contemplated hereunder or under the Transaction Documents at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived (if not prohibited by Law) in writing by Greenbrier:

(a) the representations and warranties of Watco in this Agreement shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent (i) such representations and warranties are made on and as of a specified date, in which case the same shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the specified date, and/or (ii) such representations and warranties contain qualifications as to materiality (whether by reference to “material” or “Material Adverse Effect” or otherwise), in which case the same shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date);

(b) Watco has performed and complied in all material respects with all covenants and obligations under this Agreement and the Transaction Documents required to be performed and complied with by Greenbrier as of or prior to the Closing;

(c) from the date of this Agreement, there has not been a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Business of the Watco Group (measured on a collective basis, and not with respect to each member of the Watco Group individually), nor have any event or events occurred that, individually or in the aggregate, with or without the lapse of time, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Business of the Greenbrier Group (measured on a collective basis, and not with respect to each member of the Greenbrier Group individually);

 

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(d) Greenbrier has received the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Assignment and Assumption Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(e) Greenbrier has received the Bills of Sale, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Bill of Sale duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(f) Watco has delivered to the Joint Venture a FIRPTA Certificate that the applicable contributing members of the Watco Group with respect to the Watco Real Property are not foreign persons within the meaning of Section 1445 of the Code, duly executed by such members of the Watco Group;

(g) Greenbrier has received a certificate of an authorized officer of Watco, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the conditions specified in Sections 4.5(a) and 4.5(b) are satisfied, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Greenbrier;

(h) Greenbrier has received good standing certificates of each member of the Watco Group;

(i) each of the consents, notices and approvals listed on Schedule 4.5(i) have been obtained (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Greenbrier) and are in full force and effect;

(j) Greenbrier has received the Credit Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and Watco;

(k) Greenbrier has received the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Watco Inventory Sale Agreements duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(l) Greenbrier has received the Tucson Facility Services Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and the Operating Subsidiary;

(m) Greenbrier has received the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement to which it is a party, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement to which Watco is a party, duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(n) Greenbrier has received the Real Property Documents, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Real Property Documents duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(o) Greenbrier has received the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

 

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(p) Greenbrier has received the Services Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and a copy of the Services Agreement duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group;

(q) Greenbrier has received the Cowan Secondment Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and Jim Cowan;

(r) Greenbrier has received the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement, duly executed by the Joint Venture and the applicable members of the Watco Group; and

(s) Watco has delivered such other documents and instruments as Greenbrier may reasonably request to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE V

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF WATCO

Except as set forth in the disclosure schedule delivered by Watco on the date hereof (the “ Watco Disclosure Schedule ”), Watco hereby makes the representations and warranties set forth in this Article V to Greenbrier and the Joint Venture. Nothing in the Watco Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed adequate to disclose an exception to a representation or warranty made herein, unless the Watco Disclosure Schedule identifies the exception with reasonable particularity and describes the relevant facts in reasonable detail. The Watco Disclosure Schedule will be arranged in paragraphs corresponding to the lettered and numbered paragraphs contained in this Article V . An exception in the Watco Disclosure Schedule relating to one representation or warranty will be deemed to apply to another representation or warranty so long as such disclosure is specifically cross-referenced in sufficient detail to enable a reasonable reader to identify its applicability to the relevant provision in this Agreement or it is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure that such disclosure is relevant to one or more other representations set forth in the Agreement. No reference to or disclosure of any item or other matter in the Watco Disclosure Schedule is an admission or indication that the item or other matter is material. No disclosure in the Watco Disclosure Schedule relating to any possible breach or violation of any Contract, Law or Order is an admission or indication that any such breach or violation exists or has actually occurred.

5.1 Organization .

(a) Watco is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

(b) Watco Mechanical is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of Kansas, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

 

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(c) Millennium is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of Delaware, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

5.2 Authority; Binding Effect . The members of the Watco Group have the right, power, authority and capacity to execute and deliver this Agreement and all other Transaction Documents to be entered into by them, to perform their obligations hereunder and thereunder on their parts to be performed and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery by the members of the Watco Group of this Agreement and all other Transaction Documents to be entered into by such members of the Watco Group and the performance of their obligations hereunder and thereunder have been duly approved by all necessary action, and no further approvals are required by the officers, directors, equityholders, managers or members of each such member of the Watco Group in connection therewith. This Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents contemplated hereby to be entered into by a member of the Watco Group have been executed and delivered by each such member of the Watco Group and, assuming that this Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents are legal, valid and binding obligations of each party thereto (other than members of the Watco Group), constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of each such member of the Watco Group enforceable against such member of the Watco Group in accordance with their respective terms, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar Laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general equity principles (whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).

5.3 No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance . The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Watco, and the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by Watco and the applicable members of the Watco Group party thereto, do not, and will not, (a) assuming receipt of the approvals and authorizations, expiration or termination of the waiting periods, delivery of the notices and the making of the filings, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 5.4(a) , violate (1) any Law or (2) any Order, (b) conflict with or violate any provision of the Organizational Documents of the members of the Watco Group, or (c) assuming receipt of the consents set forth in Schedule 5.3 and except as would not be material, require the consent of any Person or result in the breach of or constitute a default (or an event that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under, violate, conflict with, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation, modification or acceleration, or to a loss of benefit to which any member of the Watco Group is entitled, or result in the creation of any Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) upon any of the Watco Contributed Assets, under (A) any material Contract related to the Business to which any member of the Watco Group is a party or to which their assets are subject, (B) any Watco Transferred Permit, or (C) any other material license, authorization, permit, consent or approval of any Governmental Authority required for any member of the Watco Group to own, license or lease and operate their respective properties related to the Business or to conduct their respective Businesses as presently conducted by them.

 

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5.4 Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations .

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.4(a) , no (1) order, license, consent, waiver, authorization or approval of a Governmental Authority, or (2) giving of notice to a Governmental Authority, or (3) filing, recording, publication, registration or other action with respect to a Governmental Authority, is necessary to be obtained or made by or on behalf of any member of the Watco Group (A) to authorize any member of the Watco Group’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to which such member of the Watco Group is a party, or (B) for the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability with respect to such member of the Watco Group of any of the foregoing.

(b) The Watco Transferred Permits listed on Schedule 5.4(b) , together with any other material license, permit, registration, authorization, use agreement, Order or approvals of Governmental Authorities held or maintained by the members of the Watco Group, constitute all material licenses, permits, registrations, authorizations, use agreements, Orders or approvals of Governmental Authorities required or necessary for the members of the Watco Group to carry on their respective Businesses. All the Watco Transferred Permits are in full force and effect, and there are no proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened that are likely to result in the revocation, cancellation or suspension or any material modification of any of the Watco Transferred Permits.

5.5 Compliance With Laws .

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.5 , each of the members of the Watco Group is, and during the past twelve (12) months has been, in compliance with all Laws applicable to such member’s respective Business and any Order to which it or any of its assets related to the Business is subject, in each case except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth on Schedule 5.5 , during the past twelve (12) months no member of the Watco Group has received any written (or, to the Knowledge of Watco, oral) notice, Action or assertion outside of the ordinary course of business from any Governmental Authority, nor has any such notice, Action or assertion outside of the ordinary course of business been filed or commenced against any member of the Watco Group alleging that such member of the Watco Group is not in compliance, in any material respect, with any Laws applicable to such member’s Business.

(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to the Knowledge of Watco, each of the members of the Watco Group is, and during the past two (2) years has been, in compliance with all Laws under (i) the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq.) (the “ FCPA ”) and (ii) all other anti-corruption and bribery Laws (collectively, “ Anti-Bribery Laws ”), in each case, in jurisdictions in which any member of the Watco Group is carrying on or otherwise operating the Business, including those jurisdictions where Anti-Bribery Laws impose Liability for the conduct of associated third parties. To the Knowledge of Watco, during the past two (2) years, none of the members of the Watco Group has received any communication from any Governmental Authority that alleges that any member of the Watco Group or any of their respective agents or representatives is in violation of, or has, or may have, any Liability under, any

 

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Anti-Bribery Law. No member of the Watco Group (x) is a Person described or designated in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List of the Office of Foreign Assets Control, Section 1 of the Anti-Terrorism Order or in any other similar list maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control or the Department of the Treasury or included in any Executive Orders, or (y) engages in any dealings or transactions with any such Person.

5.6 Financial Statements .

(a) Attached to Schedule 5.6(a) are accurate and complete copies of the balance sheets of each member of the Watco Group related to the Business (as of December 31, 2013), and the respective related statements of income and statements of cash flows of each such member for the fiscal year then ended (the “ Watco 2013 Financial Statements ”), and the balance sheets of each member of the Watco Group related to the Business as of June 30, 2014 (the “ Watco Stub Period Balance Sheets ” and the date of such Watco Stub Period Balance Sheets, the “ Balance Sheet Date ”) and the related statement of income and statement of cash flows of each such member for the six (6) months then ended (collectively with the Watco Stub Period Balance Sheets, the “ Watco Stub Period Financial Statements ” and the Watco Stub Period Financial Statements, together with the Watco 2013 Financial Statements, the “ Watco Financial Statements ”), all of which have been previously delivered to Greenbrier. The Watco Financial Statements (i) fairly present, in all material respects, the respective financial positions of the members of the Watco Group with respect to the Business as of their respective dates, and the results of its operations with respect to the Business as of the dates and for the periods indicated above (except, with respect to the Watco Stub Period Financial Statements, for normal year-end adjustments), (ii) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, except as set forth on Schedule 5.6(a) (and, with respect to the Watco Stub Period Financial Statements, except for normal year-end adjustments), applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and (iii) have been derived from and are in agreement with the books and accounting records of the applicable member of the Watco Group and represent only actual, bona fide transactions. No event has occurred after the Balance Sheet Date that would be required to be set forth in the Watco Financial Statements to make them not materially misleading.

(b) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.6(b) , none of the members of the Watco Group have any Liabilities related to the Business which would be required to be disclosed as a liability on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP, other than (1) Liabilities that are fully and adequately reflected or reserved against in the respective Watco Stub Period Balance Sheets and (2) Liabilities incurred since the Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business all of which have been consistent with past practice (and which do not involve breaches of contract, tort or violations of Laws).

(c) Schedule 5.6(c) contains a list of all material financial filings, returns and reports made to any Governmental Authority by the members of the Watco Group related to the Business during the past twelve (12) months, and all inquiries from any such Governmental Authority to the members of the Watco Group with respect to the financial condition of the Businesses of the members of the Watco Group during the past twelve (12) months, accurate and complete copies of which have been previously delivered to Greenbrier if requested by Greenbrier.

 

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5.7 Absence of Certain Events . Except as provided in Schedule 5.7 , since January 1, 2014, as the case may be:

(a) the respective Businesses of the members of the Watco Group have been operated (including the collection of accounts receivable and the payment of accounts payable) only in the ordinary and normal course of business consistent with past practice;

(b) there has not been any Material Adverse Effect;

(c) except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, there has not been (1) any increase or decrease in the compensation payable to or to become payable by any of the members of the Watco Group to any of their respective officers, employees or agents of the Business, or change in any insurance, pension or other beneficial plan, payment or arrangement made to, for or with any of such officers, employees or agents or any commission or bonus paid to any of such officers, employees or agents, in each case as related to the Business, (2) any damage, destruction or loss, whether covered by insurance or not, adversely affecting the properties or assets of the Businesses of the members of the Watco Group, and (3) any discharge, cancellation, compromise, modification, waiver, release or settlement of any material debt, Liability, claim or other obligation by or owing to the members of the Watco Group related to the Business;

(d) none of the members of the Watco Group, as it relates to their respective Businesses, have (1) other than with respect to warranty obligations granted or incurred in the ordinary course of business, incurred any Liability or assumed, guaranteed, endorsed or otherwise become responsible for the Liabilities of any other Person, except normal trade or business obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or made any loan, advance or capital contributions to or investment in any Person (other than another member of the Watco Group), (2) mortgaged, pledged, created or subjected to a Lien, other than a Permitted Lien, any portion of their respective assets or properties, (3) sold, assigned, transferred, leased or otherwise disposed of any portion of their respective assets or properties except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (4) transferred or granted any rights under any Contract other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (5) entered into any transaction, Contract or other commitment that by reason of its size or otherwise was material to the Businesses or financial conditions of a member of the Watco Group or that was not in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (6) made any change in their respective sales, credit or collection terms or in their financial or tax accounting policies or practices or made any election or any change of any election relating to taxes, or (7) settled or compromised or agreed to settle or compromise any material Action; and

 

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(e) none of the members of the Watco Group have terminated, discontinued, closed or disposed of any plant, facility or business operation related to their respective Businesses.

5.8 Title to, Condition and Sufficiency of Properties and Assets .

(a) Each member of the Watco Group has (i) good and valid indefeasible fee simple title to each item of real property that is owned by such member of the Watco Group related to the Business, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 5.8(a)(i) (the “ Watco Owned Real Property ”) and (ii) a valid leasehold interest in each real property which is leased by such member of the Watco Group related to the Business, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 5.8(a) (ii) (the “ Watco Leased Real Property ” and together with Watco Owned Real Property, the “ Watco Real Property ”), in each case with respect to clauses (i)  and (ii), free and clear of Liens, except for Permitted Liens and the Liens referred to on Schedule 5.8(a)(iii) . Except as set forth on Schedule 5.8(a)(i), there are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal to purchase any Watco Owned Real Property or any portion thereof or interest therein. Other than the mortgages and/or deeds of trust in process of being released (which, for the avoidance of doubt, will be released pursuant to and in accordance with Section 3.12(b) ) , none of the Watco Owned Real Property is subject to any mortgage or deed of trust.

(b) Each lease or other Contract (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which any member of the Watco Group leases as tenant any Watco Leased Real Property (each, a “ Watco Lease ”) is in full force and effect, valid and binding on the applicable member of the Watco Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member of the Watco Group and, to the Knowledge of Watco, each other party thereto, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The Watco Leases are not subject to any ground leases, mortgages, deeds of trust or other superior Liens or interests that would entitle the holder thereof to interfere with or disturb in the tenant’s use and enjoyment of the leased premises or the exercise of the tenant’s rights under the Watco Leases so long as the tenant is not in default or breach of such Watco Lease. There exists no material breach, default or event of default (or any event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a material breach or default) on the part of any member of the Watco Group, or, to the Knowledge of Watco, any other party under any Watco Lease. Watco has made available to Greenbrier complete and correct copies of all Watco Leases, including all amendments thereto, and any and all guarantees and subordination, non-disturbance and/or attornment agreements related thereto. None of the members of the Watco Group has received any written notice of any breach or default under any Watco Lease that has not been cured or any other termination notice with respect thereto.

(c) There are no leases, subleases, licenses or other Contracts relating to the Watco Real Property with respect to which any member of the Watco Group is lessor, sublessor, licensor or the like, and no third party is in, or has any right to, possession of any Watco Real Property.

 

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(d) Each material lease or other Contract (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which any member of the Watco Group leases fixtures, furniture, equipment or any other tangible personal property related to the Business (the “ Watco Personal Property Leases ”) is in full force and effect, valid and binding on the applicable member of the Watco Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member of the Watco Group and, to the Knowledge of Watco, each other party thereto, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). There exists no material breach, default or event of default (or any event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a material breach or default) on the part of any member of the Watco Group or, to the Knowledge of Watco, any other party under any such Watco Personal Property Lease. None of the members of the Watco Group has received any written notice of any material breach or default under any such Watco Personal Property Lease that has not been cured or any other termination notice with respect thereto.

(e) Except as would not be material, each member of the Watco Group has legal and beneficial ownership of all of its tangible personal property and assets used in the operation of its Business or, in the case of owned tangible personal property and assets, shown to be owned by it on the applicable Watco Stub Period Financial Statement, except for properties and assets disposed of in the ordinary course of business since such date, free and clear of Liens, other than Permitted Liens.

(f) Except as would not be material, the Watco Contributed Assets (together with the leases, licenses and other rights to be granted or provided, and the services to be performed, by the applicable members of the Watco Group pursuant to the Transaction Documents to which they are party) are sufficient for the operation of the Business of the members of the Watco Group as currently conducted and constitute all of the rights, property and assets necessary to conduct the Business of the members of the Watco Group as currently conducted.

5.9 Intellectual Property . A member of the Watco Group owns, licenses, or possesses the right to use the Intellectual Property set forth on Schedule 2.1(a)(vii) (collectively, the “ Watco Assigned IP ”), free and clear of any Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The present and past use by each member of the Watco Group of the Watco Assigned IP does not and did not, to the Knowledge of Watco, infringe on or misappropriate or violate in any material respect the intellectual property rights of any other Person. To the Knowledge of Watco, no Person is infringing or has infringed on, misappropriating or violating the rights of any member of the Watco Group arising under any Watco Assigned IP.

5.10 Contracts and Commitments .

(a) Except as would not be material, the Watco Assigned Contracts set forth on Schedule 2.1(a)(i) constitute all Contracts to which a member of the Watco Group is party and which relate to the Business. The Watco Assigned Contracts constitute all of the Contracts that are necessary for the continued operation of the Business of each member of the Watco Group in the manner in which it is currently conducted. Each Watco Assigned Contract is in full force and effect and embodies the complete understanding between the parties thereto with respect to the subject matter thereof.

 

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Except as set forth on Schedule 5.10(a) , (1) there exists no material breach, default or claim thereof by any of the members of the Watco Group or, to the Knowledge of Watco, any other party to any Watco Assigned Contract, (2) there are no facts or conditions that, if continued or noticed (or both), would result in a breach or default by any of the members of the Watco Group under any Watco Assigned Contract or, to the Knowledge of Watco, by any other party thereto, (3) the members of the Watco Group have not received any notice that any Person intends to cancel, modify or terminate any Watco Assigned Contract, or to exercise or not to exercise any options thereunder, or to materially reduce its business with any member of the Watco Group thereunder other than in the ordinary course of business, (4) none of the members of the Watco Group have given any notice of cancellation, modification or termination of any Watco Assigned Contract or of exercise or non-exercise of any options thereunder, (5) each Watco Assigned Contract is valid and binding on the member of the Watco Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member and, to the Knowledge of Watco, each other party thereto, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar Laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general equity principles (whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity), and (6) no consent or approval of the other parties to any Watco Assigned Contract or any Person pursuant to any Watco Assigned Contract is required for the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein except as set forth on Schedule 5.3 . To the extent the Watco Assigned Contracts are in writing, a true and complete copy of each such written Watco Assigned Contract, including all amendments thereto, has been provided to or made available to Greenbrier.

(b) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.10(b) , none of the members of the Watco Group are a party to any (1) Capital Lease with respect to any property of the Business of such member of the Watco Group, (2) Contract imposing any restriction on the conduct of the Businesses of the Watco Group (including noncompetition, non-solicitation, exclusivity and similar restrictions) or (3) Contract related to the Business with any of the other members of the Watco Group or any other of their respective Affiliates.

5.11 Tax Returns and Tax Audits .

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.11 , the members of the Watco Group have timely filed with all appropriate Governmental Authorities all material Tax Returns required to be filed by or with respect to each such member of the Watco Group or their respective assets for all years and periods for which such Tax Returns have become due. All such Tax Returns are correct and complete in all material respects. All Taxes of such Persons (whether or not shown to be due on such Tax Returns), and all interest, penalties, assessments or deficiencies appropriately due or claimed to be due by any Governmental Authority, have been materially paid in full.

(b) The members of the Watco Group have made adequate accruals in the Watco Financial Statements for the payment of all Taxes payable in respect of the period subsequent to the last period for which such Taxes were paid, and, to the Knowledge of Watco, such Persons have no liability for such Taxes in excess of the amounts so paid or accruals so made.

 

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(c) There are no Liens for Taxes with respect to the assets of each member of the Watco Group (except for statutory Liens for current Taxes not yet due).

(d) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.11 , none of the members of the Watco Group are a party to any pending Action, nor, to the Knowledge of Watco, is any Action threatened or contemplated by any Governmental Authority for assessment or collection of Taxes or any other governmental charges, and no unresolved claim for assessment or collection of Taxes or any other governmental charges has been asserted against any member of the Watco Group, nor, to the Knowledge of Watco, is the assertion of any such Action pending or contemplated nor is there any basis for any such Action. To the Knowledge of Watco, within the past three years, there have been no adverse reports prepared by any agent of the IRS with respect to any Tax matter involving any member of the Watco Group. None of the members of the Watco Group have waived any statute of limitations that is still in effect in respect of Taxes or agreed to any extension of time with respect to a Tax assessment or deficiency, which is still in effect.

(e) None of the members of the Watco Group has in effect any powers of attorney with respect to any Tax matters involving it.

(f) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.11 , other than as required or allowed for unitary, combined or consolidated Tax filings, none of the members of the Watco Group are, or have ever been, a party to any Tax sharing or allocation Contracts, arrangements or understandings, whether written or oral.

(g) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.11 , each of the members of the Watco Group has complied with all applicable Laws relating to the withholding of Taxes (including withholding of Taxes pursuant to Sections 1441 and 1442 of the Code) and has, within the time and within the manner prescribed by Law, withheld and paid over to the proper taxing authorities all amounts required to be withheld and paid over under all applicable Laws in connection with amounts paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, member and other third party.

(h) During the past three (3) years, no unresolved written notice has been received, nor, to the Knowledge of Watco, has any oral notice been received, by any member of the Watco Group from any Governmental Authority in a jurisdiction where a member of the Watco Group does not currently file Tax Returns stating that such member of the Watco Group is required to file Tax Returns with that jurisdiction.

(i) Watco has no Knowledge of any fact or circumstance that would give rise to a claim by a state in which a member of the Watco Group is not currently filing income tax returns that such member of the Watco Group has such an income Tax filing responsibility with respect to their respective operations or assets.

5.12 No Litigation . Except as set forth on Schedule 5.12 , there is no pending or, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened Action or any change in any zoning or building ordinance affecting the Watco Real Property, or Order against a member of the Watco Group related to the Business or the properties or assets of its Business.

 

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5.13 Employee Benefit Plans; Labor Matters .

(a) Watco has previously delivered to Greenbrier a list of all salaried and hourly employees employed by, or that provide services to, the members of the Watco Group related to the Business (“ Watco Company Employees ”), and such employees’ current compensation.

(b) Other than the Contracts set forth on Schedule 5.13(b) , there are no written or oral employment Contracts related to the Business (other than ordinary course arrangements for “at-will” employment that can be terminated on thirty (30) days’ or less notice without liability and that do not provide for any severance or notice pay) to which a member of the Watco Group is a party or collective bargaining agreement or other collective labor Contract or industrial instrument related to the Business to which a member of the Watco Group is a party.

(c) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.13(c) , the members of the Watco Group have not agreed to recognize any union or other collective bargaining representative with respect to the Business; and no union or other collective bargaining representative has been certified as the exclusive bargaining representative of any Watco Company Employee.

(d) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.13(d) , each member of the Watco Group is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws relating to the employment of personnel and labor of the Business, including provisions thereof relating to wages and hours, sexual harassment and other hostile work environment issues, discrimination, equal opportunity, collective bargaining, plant closing and mass layoff, health and safety, immigration and the payment of social security and other Taxes.

(e) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.13(e) , none of the following are pending or, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened against or affecting a member of the Watco Group as related to the Business:

(i) labor strikes, slowdowns, lockouts, boycotts, sit-ins, sick-outs, union elections, disputes, walkouts, demonstrations, leafleting, picketing, representation or certification campaigns, or work stoppages with respect to any Watco Company Employee;

(ii) grievance or arbitration proceedings, written decisions, letter agreements or settlement agreements arising out of collective bargaining agreements to which a member of the Watco Group is a party;

(iii) unfair labor practices or unfair labor practice charges or complaints before the National Labor Relations Board or other Governmental Authority responsible for regulating labor relations; or

 

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(iv) charges, complaints or proceedings before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor or any other Governmental Authority responsible for regulating or investigating employment practices.

(f) There have not been any plant closings, mass layoffs or other terminations of Watco Company Employees that would create any liabilities for a member of the Watco Group related to the Business or, on or after the Closing Date, the Joint Venture under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act or similar Laws.

(g) Before the Closing Date, Watco has made available to Greenbrier accurate and complete copies of each of the following, as applicable, with respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business: (1) the plan document or agreement or, with respect to any Company Benefit Plan that is not in writing, a written description of the material terms thereof; (2) the trust agreement, insurance contract or other documentation of any related funding arrangement; (3) the summary plan description; (4) the two most recent annual reports, actuarial reports and financial reports; (5) the most recent required Internal Revenue Service Form 5500, including all schedules thereto; and (6) the most recent determination or opinion letter received from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to each Company Benefit Plan that is intended to be a “qualified plan” under Section 401 of the Code. There are no facts or circumstances that would create any Liabilities for the Joint Venture under any of the Company Benefit Plans or any member of the Watco Group on or after the Closing Date.

(h) Except as set forth on Schedule 5.13(h) , with respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business, (1) all payments due from the member of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate to date have been timely made and all amounts properly accrued to date as liabilities of the members of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate that are not yet due have been properly recorded on the books of the members of the Watco Group and, to the extent required by GAAP, adequate reserves are reflected on the Watco Financial Statements, (2) each such Company Benefit Plan that is an “employee pension benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA) and intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code has received or been the subject of a favorable determination letter or opinion letter from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to such qualification, and nothing has occurred since the date of such letter that has or is likely to adversely affect such qualification, (3) there are no Actions pending (other than routine claims for benefits) or, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened or anticipated with respect to such Company Benefit Plan, any fiduciaries of such Company Benefit Plan with respect to their duties to any Company Benefit Plan, or against the assets of such Company Benefit Plan or any trust maintained in connection with such Company Benefit Plan and (4) it has been operated and administered in compliance in all material respects with its terms and all applicable Laws, including ERISA and the Code.

(i) As it relates to the Business, none of the members of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate:

 

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(i) maintains or contributes to, or has maintained or contributed to, (x) any “employee benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA that is subject to Section 302 or Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 or Section 430 of the Code (a “ Title IV Plan ”) or (y) a “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section 3(37) and 4001(a)(3) of ERISA or a “multiple employer plan” within the meaning of Sections 4063/4064 of ERISA or Section 413(c) of the Code (a “ Multiemployer Plan ”); or

(ii) has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any material liability pursuant to Title I or Title IV of ERISA or the penalty, excise tax or joint and several liability provisions of the Code or any Law or regulation relating to employee benefit plans, whether contingent or otherwise. With respect to each Multiemployer Plan, no complete or partial withdrawal from such plan has been made by a member of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate, or by any other Person, that could result in any liability to a member of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate, whether such liability is contingent or otherwise. With respect to each Title IV Plan, no event under Section 4062(e) of ERISA has occurred.

(j) No Company Benefit Plan of a member of the Watco Group related to the Business is under audit or is the subject of an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or any other Governmental Authority, nor is any such audit or investigation, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened. With respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business for which financial statements are required by ERISA, there has been no adverse change in the financial status of such Company Benefit Plan since the date of the most recent such statements provided to Greenbrier by Watco.

(k) As it relates to the Business, neither the execution or delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement could, either alone or in conjunction with any other event (whether contingent or otherwise, including any termination of employment), (1) result in any payment or benefit becoming due or payable, or required to be provided, to any director, employee or independent contractor of a member of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate, (2) increase the amount or value of any benefit or compensation otherwise payable or required to be provided to any such director, employee or independent contractor, (3) result in the acceleration of the time of payment, vesting or funding of any such benefit or compensation, (4) result in any amount failing to be deductible by reason of Section 280G of the Code or (5) result in the forgiveness of any indebtedness to any director, employee or independent contractor.

(l) Except as provided in Schedule 5.13(l) , none of the members of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate or any of their Company Benefit Plans has any liability with respect to an obligation to provide post-retirement medical, disability or death or other welfare benefits (whether or not insured) with respect to any Person engaged in providing services primarily to the Business other than coverage mandated by Section 4980B of the Code or state Law.

 

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(m) The terms of each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Watco Group that is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance) comply with Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance), each such “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” has been operated in compliance with Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance), and no such “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” that is intended to be a “grandfathered” plan has been materially modified within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance). None of the members of the Watco Group or any ERISA Affiliate has any indemnity obligation for any Taxes related to the Business imposed under Section 409A of the Code.

(n) To the extent permitted by applicable Law, each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Watco Group can be amended or terminated at any time, without consent from any other Person and without liability other than for benefits accrued as of the date of such amendment or termination (other than administrative charges typically incurred as a result of such termination).

(o) Each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Watco Group that is a pension plan within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(2) (regardless of whether the Company Benefit Plan is covered by ERISA) but is not qualified under Sections 401(a) or 403(a) of the Code is exempt from Part 2, 3 and 4 of Title I of ERISA as an unfunded plan that is maintained primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees, pursuant to Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of ERISA.

(p) No event has occurred and there exists no condition or set of circumstances that presents a material risk that any Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Watco Group that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has or is likely to experience a partial termination within the meaning of Section 411(d)(3) of the Code.

(q) None of members of the Watco Group or any “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to the Company Benefit Plans related to the Business of the members of the Watco Group or ERISA Affiliate Plans has engaged in a non-exempt “prohibited transaction” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA.

5.14 Environmental . Except as provided in Schedule 5.14 :

(a) To the Knowledge of Watco, none of the members of the Watco Group nor any of their respective Affiliates, as it relates to the Business, has generated, manufactured, refined, transported, treated, stored, handled, disposed, transferred, produced or processed any Hazardous Substances, except to the extent any Hazardous Substance is present in amounts less than reportable quantities, if applicable, and except

 

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in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws and Environmental Permits. None of the Watco Real Property (including any easements or similar rights) has been, or is being, used (i) for the storage, treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling, production or Disposal of any Hazardous Substance except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws and Environmental Permits, or (ii) as a landfill or other waste management or Disposal site or for the storage of oil, gasoline, petroleum or petroleum based products, except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws.

(b) As it relates to the Business, none of the members of Watco Group has received in the last twelve (12) months any form of notice, inquiry, notice of violation, enforcement notice, or other information with regard to (i) any actual or alleged material Release or threat of material Release of any Hazardous Substance in material violation of any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit on, at, from, or affecting the Watco Real Property or (ii) any actual or alleged material violation of any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit.

(c) All Environmental Permits necessary for the construction, equipping, ownership, use and operation of the assets of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business, and to otherwise operate their respective Businesses, have been obtained and are in full force and effect, and the Watco Group is currently in compliance with all such Environmental Permits in all material respects, and no Action is pending nor, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened, to suspend, revoke or terminate any such Environmental Permit or to declare any such Environmental Permit invalid, and a complete and accurate list of such Environmental Permits is set forth in Schedule 5.14(c) .

(d) There are no pending or currently effective Contracts, consent orders, decrees, judgments, licenses or permit conditions or other orders or directives of any Governmental Authority relating to the past, present or future construction, equipping, ownership, use, operation, sale, transfer, leasing or other conveyance of the Watco Real Property, or any interest therein, that require any change in the present condition or method of operation of the Watco Real Property, or any work, repairs, construction, containment, clean up, investigations, studies, monitoring, removal or remedial action or capital expenditures in order for such facilities or properties to be in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws or Environmental Permits, or other applicable Laws.

(e) There are no Actions currently filed, pending or, to the Knowledge of Watco, threatened, that could cause the incurrence of expenses or costs of any type or description or that seek money damages, injunctive relief, remedial action or remedy that arise out of, relate to or result from (1) the environmental condition of the Watco Real Property or the Environment in each case as affected or allegedly affected by the operations of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business, (2) a violation or alleged violation of any applicable Environmental Law or non-compliance or alleged non-compliance with any Environmental Permit in each case related to the Business, (3) the presence of any Hazardous Substances or a Release or the threat of a Release of any Hazardous Substances at or from the Watco Real Property, (4) arrangement for treatment or Disposal of any Hazardous Substances related to the Business of the Watco Group at

 

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any location other than the Watco Real Property or (5) exposure to any Hazardous Substance, noises, vibrations or nuisances of whatever kind to the extent the same arise from the operations of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business or from the condition of the Watco Real Property or the acquisition, construction, equipping, ownership, use, operation, sale, transfer or conveyance thereof.

(f) There are no state or federal Liens on the Watco Real Property resulting from an environmental cleanup by Watco, any Governmental Authority or any third party.

(g) This Section 5.14 constitutes the exclusive representations and warranties of Watco addressing matters under any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit.

5.15 Books and Records .

(a) The books, records and accounts of the members of the Watco Group related to the Business (1) are in all material respects accurate and complete, (2) have been maintained in all material respects in accordance with good business practices on a basis consistent with prior years, (3) are stated in reasonable detail and accurately and fairly reflect in all material respects the transactions and dispositions of assets, and (4) accurately and fairly reflect in all material respects the basis for the Watco Financial Statements.

(b) As it relates to the Business, the members of the Watco Group (1) make and keep books, records and accounts that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets, and (2) maintain systems of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of their respective financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets, (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

5.16 Brokers and Finders . No broker or finder has acted for any member of the Watco Group or any of their Affiliates in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby; and no broker or finder is entitled to any brokerage or finder’s fee or other commission in respect thereof based on any agreement, arrangement or understanding made by any member of the Watco Group or any of their Affiliates.

5.17 Inventories .

(a) The inventory (which includes work in process) of the Watco Group used in connection with the Business (the “ Watco Inventory ”) is (i) good, merchantable and fit and sufficient for the purpose intended, (ii) free from defects in design, materials, workmanship and title, (iii) conforms to the applicable member of the Watco Group’s published specifications, if any, (iv) does not infringe any third party rights (patents,

 

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copyrights, etc.) and (v) is of a quality and quantity useable and salable in the ordinary course of business, except for reserves and adjustments to reserves described in the Watco Inventory Sale Agreement and adjustments, if any, related to physical counts of the Watco Inventory as expressly contemplated by the Watco Inventory Sale Agreements. The reserves (as adjusted pursuant to the Watco Inventory Sale Agreement) for excess inventory and obsolescence with respect to the Watco Inventory are adequate and are calculated consistent with past practice. The Watco Inventory to be sold pursuant to the Watco Inventory Sale Agreement will be sold to the Joint Venture free and clear of all Liens and is located at the Watco Real Property (other than goods in transit).

(b) The value of the Watco Inventory reflected on the Watco Stub Period Balance Sheet has been determined in accordance with GAAP on a basis consistent with past practice used in the preparation of the Watco Financial Statements. The inventory obsolescence policy of Watco has been determined in accordance with GAAP consistently applied. Inventories purchased after the Watco Balance Sheet Date were purchased in the ordinary course of business at a price not exceeding market prices prevailing at the time of purchase for items of similar quantity and quality.

5.18 Disclaimer of other Representations and Warranties . Except as expressly set forth in this Article V or in the Transaction Documents, Watco makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, at law or in equity. Greenbrier acknowledges that it is not relying on any representation or warranty, express or implied, at law or in equity, other than those specifically set forth in this Agreement or in the Transaction Documents.

ARTICLE VI

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF GREENBRIER

Except as set forth in the disclosure schedule delivered by Greenbrier on the date hereof (the “ Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule ”), Greenbrier hereby makes the representations and warranties set forth in this Article VI to Watco and the Joint Venture. Nothing in the Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed adequate to disclose an exception to a representation or warranty made herein, unless the Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule identifies the exception with reasonable particularity and describes the relevant facts in reasonable detail. The Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule will be arranged in paragraphs corresponding to the lettered and numbered paragraphs contained in this Article VI . An exception in the Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule relating to one representation or warranty will be deemed to apply to another representation or warranty so long as such disclosure is specifically cross referenced in sufficient detail to enable a reasonable reader to identify its applicability to the relevant provision in this Agreement or it is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure that such disclosure is relevant to one or more other representations set forth in the Agreement. No reference to or disclosure of any item or other matter in the Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule is an admission or indication that the item or other matter is material. No disclosure in the Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule relating to any possible breach or violation of any Contract, Law or Order is an admission or indication that any such breach or violation exists or has actually occurred.

 

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6.1 Organization; Capitalization .

(a) Greenbrier is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of Oregon, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

(b) Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of Oregon, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

(c) Greenbrier Rail Services Canada Inc. is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the Canada Business Corporations Act, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted. The issued share capital of the Greenbrier Rail Services Canada Inc. consists solely of the Shares and Greenbrier directly or indirectly owns the Shares.

(d) Gunderson Rail Services, LLC is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of Oregon, and has all requisite power and authority to own, operate and lease its assets and to conduct its Business as and where such Business is now conducted.

6.2 Authority; Binding Effect . The members of the Greenbrier Group have the right, power, authority and capacity to execute and deliver this Agreement and all other Transaction Documents to be entered into by them, to perform their obligations hereunder and thereunder on their parts to be performed and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery by the members of the Greenbrier Group of this Agreement and all other Transaction Documents to be entered into by such members of the Greenbrier Group and the performance of their obligations hereunder and thereunder have been duly approved by all necessary action, and no further approvals are required by the officers, directors, equityholders, managers or members of each such member of the Greenbrier Group in connection therewith. This Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents contemplated hereby to be entered into by a member of the Greenbrier Group have been executed and delivered by each such member of the Greenbrier Group and, assuming that this Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents are legal, valid and binding obligations of each party thereto (other than members of the Greenbrier Group), constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of each such member of the Greenbrier Group enforceable against such member of the Greenbrier Group in accordance with their respective terms, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar Laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general equity principles (whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).

6.3 No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance . The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Greenbrier, and the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by Greenbrier and the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group party thereto, do not, and will not, (a) assuming receipt of the approvals and authorizations, expiration or termination of the waiting periods, delivery of the notices and the

 

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making of the filings, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 6.4(a) , violate (1) any Law or (2) any Order, (b) conflict with or violate any provision of the Organizational Documents of the members of the Greenbrier Group, or (c) assuming receipt of the consents set forth in Schedule 6.3 and except as would not be material, require the consent of any Person or result in the breach of or constitute a default (or an event that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under, violate, conflict with, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation, modification or acceleration, or to a loss of benefit to which any member of the Greenbrier Group is entitled, or result in the creation of any Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) upon any of the Greenbrier Contributed Assets, under (A) any material Contract related to the Business to which any member of the Greenbrier Group is a party or to which their assets are subject, (B) any Greenbrier Transferred Permit, or (C) any other material license, authorization, permit, consent or approval of any Governmental Authority required for any member of the Greenbrier Group to own, license or lease and operate their respective properties related to the Business or to conduct their respective Businesses as presently conducted by them.

6.4 Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations .

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.4(a) , no (1) order, license, consent, waiver, authorization or approval of a Governmental Authority, or (2) giving of notice to a Governmental Authority, or (3) filing, recording, publication, registration or other action with respect to a Governmental Authority, is necessary to be obtained or made by or on behalf of any member of the Greenbrier Group (A) to authorize any member of the Greenbrier Group’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to which such member of the Greenbrier Group is a party, or (B) for the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability with respect to such member of the Greenbrier Group of any of the foregoing.

(b) The Greenbrier Transferred Permits listed on Schedule 6.4(b) , together with any other material license, permit, registration, authorization, use agreement, Order or approvals of Governmental Authorities held or maintained by the members of the Greenbrier Group, constitute all material licenses, permits, registrations, authorizations, use agreements, Orders or approvals of Governmental Authorities required or necessary for the members of the Greenbrier Group to carry on their respective Businesses. All the Greenbrier Transferred Permits are in full force and effect, and there are no proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened that are likely to result in the revocation, cancellation or suspension or any material modification of any of the Greenbrier Transferred Permits.

6.5 Compliance With Laws .

(a) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.5 , each of the members of the Greenbrier Group is, and during the past twelve (12) months has been, in compliance with all Laws applicable to such member’s respective Business and any Order to which it or any of its assets related to the Business is subject, in each case except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth on Schedule 6.5 , during the past twelve (12) months no member of the Greenbrier Group has received any written (or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, oral) notice, Action or

 

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assertion outside of the ordinary course of business from any Governmental Authority, nor has any such notice, Action or assertion outside of the ordinary course of business been filed or commenced against any member of the Greenbrier Group alleging that such member of the Greenbrier Group is not in compliance, in any material respect, with any Laws applicable to such member’s Business.

(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, each of the members of the Greenbrier Group is, and during the past two (2) years has been, in compliance with all Laws under (i) the FCPA and (ii) all Anti-Bribery Laws, in each case, in jurisdictions in which any member of the Greenbrier Group is carrying on or otherwise operating the Business, including those jurisdictions where Anti-Bribery Laws impose Liability for the conduct of associated third parties. To the Knowledge of Greenbrier, during the past two (2) years, none of the members of the Greenbrier Group has received any communication from any Governmental Authority that alleges that any member of the Greenbrier Group or any of their respective agents or representatives is in violation of, or has, or may have, any Liability under, any Anti-Bribery Law. No member of the Greenbrier Group (x) is a Person described or designated in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List of the Office of Foreign Assets Control, Section 1 of the Anti-Terrorism Order or in any other similar list maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control or the Department of the Treasury or included in any Executive Orders, or (y) engages in any dealings or transactions with any such Person.

6.6 Financial Statements .

(a) Attached to Schedule 6.6(a) are accurate and complete copies of the balance sheets of each member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business (as of August 31, 2013), and the respective related statements of income and statements of cash flows of each such member for the fiscal year then ended (the “ Greenbrier 2013 Financial Statements ”), and the balance sheets of each member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business as of June 30, 2014 (the “ Greenbrier Stub Period Balance Sheets ” and the date of such Greenbrier Stub Period Balance Sheets, the “ Balance Sheet Date ”) and the related statement of income and statement of cash flows of each such member for the ten (10) months then ended (collectively with the Greenbrier Stub Period Balance Sheets, the “ Greenbrier Stub Period Financial Statements ” and the Greenbrier Stub Period Financial Statements, together with the Greenbrier 2013 Financial Statements, the “ Greenbrier Financial Statements ”), all of which have been previously delivered to Watco. The Greenbrier Financial Statements (i) fairly present, in all material respects, the respective financial positions of the members of the Greenbrier Group with respect to the Business as of their respective dates, and the results of its operations with respect to the Business as of the dates and for the periods indicated above (except, with respect to the Greenbrier Stub Period Financial Statements, for normal year-end adjustments), (ii) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, except as set forth on Schedule 6.6(a) (and, with respect to the Greenbrier Stub Period Financial Statements, except for normal year-end adjustments), applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and (iii) have been derived from and are in agreement with the books and accounting records of the applicable member of the Greenbrier Group and

 

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represent only actual, bona fide transactions. No event has occurred after the Balance Sheet Date that would be required to be set forth in the Greenbrier Financial Statements to make them not materially misleading.

(b) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.6(b) , none of the members of the Greenbrier Group have any Liabilities related to the Business which would be required to be disclosed as a liability on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP, other than (1) Liabilities that are fully and adequately reflected or reserved against in the respective Greenbrier Stub Period Balance Sheets and (2) Liabilities incurred since the Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business all of which have been consistent with past practice (and which do not involve breaches of contract, tort or violations of Laws).

(c) Schedule 6.6(c) contains a list of all material financial filings, returns and reports made to any Governmental Authority by the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business during the past twelve (12) months, and all inquiries from any such Governmental Authority to the members of the Greenbrier Group with respect to the financial condition of the Businesses of the members of the Greenbrier Group during the past twelve (12) months, accurate and complete copies of which have been previously delivered to Watco if requested by Watco.

6.7 Absence of Certain Events . Except as provided in Schedule 6.7 , since September 1, 2013, as the case may be:

(a) the respective Businesses of the members of the Greenbrier Group have been operated (including the collection of accounts receivable and the payment of accounts payable) only in the ordinary and normal course of business consistent with past practice;

(b) there has not been any Material Adverse Effect;

(c) except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, there has not been (1) any increase or decrease in the compensation payable to or to become payable by any of the members of the Greenbrier Group to any of their respective officers, employees or agents of the Business, or change in any insurance, pension or other beneficial plan, payment or arrangement made to, for or with any of such officers, employees or agents or any commission or bonus paid to any of such officers, employees or agents, in each case as related to the Business, (2) any damage, destruction or loss, whether covered by insurance or not, adversely affecting the properties or assets of the Businesses of the members of the Greenbrier Group, and (3) any discharge, cancellation, compromise, modification, waiver, release or settlement of any material debt, Liability, claim or other obligation by or owing to the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business;

(d) none of the members of the Greenbrier Group, as it relates to their respective Businesses, have (1) other than with respect to warranty obligations granted or incurred in the ordinary course of business, incurred any Liability or assumed, guaranteed, endorsed or otherwise become responsible for the Liabilities of any other

 

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Person, except normal trade or business obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or made any loan, advance or capital contributions to or investment in any Person (other than another member of the Greenbrier Group), (2) mortgaged, pledged, created or subjected to a Lien, other than a Permitted Lien, any portion of their respective assets or properties, (3) sold, assigned, transferred, leased or otherwise disposed of any portion of their respective assets or properties except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (4) transferred or granted any rights under any Contract other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (5) entered into any transaction, Contract or other commitment that by reason of its size or otherwise was material to the Businesses or financial conditions of a member of the Greenbrier Group or that was not in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (6) made any change in their respective sales, credit or collection terms or in their financial or tax accounting policies or practices or made any election or any change of any election relating to taxes, or (7) settled or compromised or agreed to settle or compromise any material Action; and

(e) none of the members of the Greenbrier Group have terminated, discontinued, closed or disposed of any plant, facility or business operation related to their respective Businesses.

6.8 Title to, Condition and Sufficiency of Properties and Assets .

(a) Each member of the Greenbrier Group has (i) good and valid indefeasible fee simple title to each item of real property that is owned by such member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 6.8(a)(i) (the “ Greenbrier Owned Real Property ”) and (ii) a valid leasehold interest in each real property which is leased by such member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business, in each case, as set forth on Schedule 6.8(a)(ii) (the “ Greenbrier Leased Real Property ” and together with Greenbrier Owned Real Property, the “ Greenbrier Real Property ”), in each case with respect to clauses (i)  and (ii) , free and clear of Liens, except for Permitted Liens and the Liens referred to on Schedule 6.8(a)(iii) . Except as set forth on Schedule 6.8(a)(i) , there are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal to purchase any Greenbrier Owned Real Property or any portion thereof or interest therein. None of the Greenbrier Owned Real Property is subject to any mortgage or deed of trust.

(b) Each lease or other Contract (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which any member of the Greenbrier Group leases as tenant any Greenbrier Leased Real Property (each, a “ Greenbrier Lease ”) is in full force and effect, valid and binding on the applicable member of the Greenbrier Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member of the Greenbrier Group and, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, each other party thereto, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The Greenbrier Leases are not subject to any ground leases, mortgages, deeds of trust or other superior Liens or interests that would entitle the holder thereof to interfere with or disturb in the tenant’s use and enjoyment of the leased premises or the exercise of the tenant’s rights under the Greenbrier Leases so long as the tenant is not in default or breach of such Greenbrier Lease. There exists no material

 

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breach, default or event of default (or any event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a material breach or default) on the part of any member of the Greenbrier Group, or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, any other party under any Greenbrier Lease. Greenbrier has made available to Watco complete and correct copies of all Greenbrier Leases, including all amendments thereto, and any and all guarantees and subordination, non-disturbance and/or attornment agreements related thereto. None of the members of the Greenbrier Group has received any written notice of any breach or default under any Greenbrier Lease that has not been cured or any other termination notice with respect thereto.

(c) There are no leases, subleases, licenses or other Contracts relating to the Greenbrier Real Property with respect to which any member of the Greenbrier Group is lessor, sublessor, licensor or the like, and no third party is in, or has any right to, possession of any Greenbrier Real Property.

(d) Each material lease or other Contract (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which any member of the Greenbrier Group leases fixtures, furniture, equipment or any other tangible personal property related to the Business (the “ Greenbrier Personal Property Leases ”) is in full force and effect, valid and binding on the applicable member of the Greenbrier Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member of the Greenbrier Group and, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, each other party thereto, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). There exists no material breach, default or event of default (or any event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a material breach or default) on the part of any member of the Greenbrier Group or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, any other party under any such Greenbrier Personal Property Lease. None of the members of the Greenbrier Group has received any written notice of any material breach or default under any such Greenbrier Personal Property Lease that has not been cured or any other termination notice with respect thereto.

(e) Except as would not be material, each member of the Greenbrier Group has legal and beneficial ownership of all of its tangible personal property and assets used in the operation of its Business or, in the case of owned tangible personal property and assets, shown to be owned by it on the applicable Greenbrier Stub Period Financial Statement, except for properties and assets disposed of in the ordinary course of business since such date, free and clear of Liens, other than Permitted Liens.

(f) Except as would not be material, the Greenbrier Contributed Assets (together with the leases, licenses and other rights to be granted or provided, and the services to be performed, by the applicable members of the Greenbrier Group pursuant to the Transaction Documents to which they are party) are sufficient for the operation of the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group as currently conducted and constitute all of the rights, property and assets necessary to conduct the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group as currently conducted.

6.9 Intellectual Property . A member of the Greenbrier Group owns, licenses, or possesses the right to use the Intellectual Property set forth on Schedule 2.2(a)(vii) (collectively,

 

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the “ Greenbrier Assigned IP ”), free and clear of any Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The present and past use by each member of the Greenbrier Group of the Greenbrier Assigned IP does not and did not, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, infringe on or misappropriate or violate in any material respect the intellectual property rights of any other Person. To the Knowledge of Greenbrier, no Person is infringing or has infringed on, misappropriating or violating the rights of any member of the Greenbrier Group arising under any Greenbrier Assigned IP.

6.10 Contracts and Commitments .

(a) Except as would not be material, the Greenbrier Assigned Contracts set forth on Schedule 2.2(a)(i) constitute all Contracts to which a member of the Greenbrier Group is party and which relate to the Business. The Greenbrier Assigned Contracts constitute all of the Contracts that are necessary for the continued operation of the Business of each member of the Greenbrier Group in the manner in which it is currently conducted. Each Greenbrier Assigned Contract is in full force and effect and embodies the complete understanding between the parties thereto with respect to the subject matter thereof. Except as set forth on Schedule 6.10(a) , (1) there exists no material breach, default or claim thereof by any of the members of the Greenbrier Group or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, any other party to any Greenbrier Assigned Contract, (2) there are no facts or conditions that, if continued or noticed (or both), would result in a breach or default by any of the members of the Greenbrier Group under any Greenbrier Assigned Contract or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, by any other party thereto, (3) the members of the Greenbrier Group have not received any notice that any Person intends to cancel, modify or terminate any Greenbrier Assigned Contract, or to exercise or not to exercise any options thereunder, or to materially reduce its business with any member of the Greenbrier Group thereunder other than in the ordinary course of business, (4) none of the members of the Greenbrier Group have given any notice of cancellation, modification or termination of any Greenbrier Assigned Contract or of exercise or non-exercise of any options thereunder, (5) each Greenbrier Assigned Contract is valid and binding on the member of the Greenbrier Group party thereto, and enforceable in accordance with its terms against such member and, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, each other party thereto, except as enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar Laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general equity principles (whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity), and (6) no consent or approval of the other parties to any Greenbrier Assigned Contract or any Person pursuant to any Greenbrier Assigned Contract is required for the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein except as set forth on Schedule 6.3 . To the extent the Greenbrier Assigned Contracts are in writing, a true and complete copy of each such written Greenbrier Assigned Contract, including all amendments thereto, has been provided to or made available to Watco.

(b) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.10(b) , none of the members of the Greenbrier Group are a party to any (1) Capital Lease with respect to any property of the Business of such member of the Greenbrier Group, (2) Contract imposing any restriction on the conduct of the Businesses of the Greenbrier Group (including noncompetition, non-solicitation, exclusivity and similar restrictions) or (3) Contract related to the Business with any of the other members of the Greenbrier Group or any other of their respective Affiliates.

 

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6.11 Tax Returns and Tax Audits .

(a) The members of the Greenbrier Group have timely filed with all appropriate Governmental Authorities all material Tax Returns required to be filed by or with respect to each such member of the Greenbrier Group or their respective assets for all years and periods for which such Tax Returns have become due. All such Tax Returns are correct and complete in all material respects. All Taxes of such Persons (whether or not shown to be due on such Tax Returns), and all interest, penalties, assessments or deficiencies appropriately due or claimed to be due by any Governmental Authority, have been materially paid in full.

(b) The members of the Greenbrier Group have made adequate accruals in the Greenbrier Financial Statements for the payment of all Taxes payable in respect of the period subsequent to the last period for which such Taxes were paid, and, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, such Persons have no liability for such Taxes in excess of the amounts so paid or accruals so made.

(c) There are no Liens for Taxes with respect to the assets of each member of the Greenbrier Group (except for statutory Liens for current Taxes not yet due).

(d) None of the members of the Greenbrier Group are a party to any pending Action, nor, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, is any Action threatened or contemplated by any Governmental Authority for assessment or collection of Taxes or any other governmental charges, and no unresolved claim for assessment or collection of Taxes or any other governmental charges has been asserted against any member of the Greenbrier Group, nor, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, is the assertion of any such Action pending or contemplated nor is there any basis for any such Action. To the Knowledge of Greenbrier, within the past three years, there have been no adverse reports prepared by any agent of the IRS with respect to any Tax matter involving any member of the Greenbrier Group. None of the members of the Greenbrier Group have waived any statute of limitations that is still in effect in respect of Taxes or agreed to any extension of time with respect to a Tax assessment or deficiency, which is still in effect.

(e) None of the members of the Greenbrier Group has in effect any powers of attorney with respect to any Tax matters involving it.

(f) Other than as required or allowed for unitary, combined or consolidated Tax filings, none of the members of the Greenbrier Group are, or have ever been, a party to any Tax sharing or allocation Contracts, arrangements or understandings, whether written or oral.

(g) Each of the members of the Greenbrier Group has complied with all applicable Laws relating to the withholding of Taxes (including withholding of Taxes pursuant to Sections 1441 and 1442 of the Code) and has, within the time and within the manner prescribed by Law, withheld and paid over to the proper taxing authorities all

 

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amounts required to be withheld and paid over under all applicable Laws in connection with amounts paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, member and other third party.

(h) During the past three (3) years, no unresolved written notice has been received, nor, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, has any oral notice been received, by any member of the Greenbrier Group from any Governmental Authority in a jurisdiction where a member of the Greenbrier Group does not currently file Tax Returns stating that such member of the Greenbrier Group is required to file Tax Returns with that jurisdiction.

(i) Greenbrier has no Knowledge of any fact or circumstance that would give rise to a claim by a state in which a member of the Greenbrier Group is not currently filing income tax returns that such member of the Greenbrier Group has such an income Tax filing responsibility with respect to their respective operations or assets.

6.12 No Litigation . Except as set forth on Schedule 6.12 , there is no pending or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened Action or any change in any zoning or building ordinance affecting the Greenbrier Real Property, or Order against a member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business or the properties or assets of its Business.

6.13 Employee Benefit Plans; Labor Matters .

(a) Greenbrier has previously delivered to Watco a list of all salaried and hourly employees employed by, or that provide services to, the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business (“ Greenbrier Company Employees ”), and such employees’ current compensation.

(b) Other than the Contracts set forth on Schedule 6.13(b) , there are no written or oral employment Contracts related to the Business (other than ordinary course arrangements for “at-will” employment that can be terminated on thirty (30) days’ or less notice without liability and that do not provide for any severance or notice pay) to which a member of the Greenbrier Group is a party or collective bargaining agreement or other collective labor Contract or industrial instrument related to the Business to which a member of the Greenbrier Group is a party.

(c) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.13(c) , the members of the Greenbrier Group have not agreed to recognize any union or other collective bargaining representative with respect to the Business; and no union or other collective bargaining representative has been certified as the exclusive bargaining representative of any Greenbrier Company Employee.

(d) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.13(d) , each member of the Greenbrier Group is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws relating to the employment of personnel and labor of the Business, including provisions thereof relating to wages and hours, sexual harassment and other hostile work environment issues, discrimination, equal opportunity, collective bargaining, plant closing and mass layoff, health and safety, immigration and the payment of social security and other Taxes.

 

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(e) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.13(e) , none of the following are pending or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened against or affecting a member of the Greenbrier Group as related to the Business:

(i) labor strikes, slowdowns, lockouts, boycotts, sit-ins, sick-outs, union elections, disputes, walkouts, demonstrations, leafleting, picketing, representation or certification campaigns, or work stoppages with respect to any Greenbrier Company Employee;

(ii) grievance or arbitration proceedings, written decisions, letter agreements or settlement agreements arising out of collective bargaining agreements to which a member of the Greenbrier Group is a party;

(iii) unfair labor practices or unfair labor practice charges or complaints before the National Labor Relations Board or other Governmental Authority responsible for regulating labor relations; or

(iv) charges, complaints or proceedings before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor or any other Governmental Authority responsible for regulating or investigating employment practices.

(f) There have not been any plant closings, mass layoffs or other terminations of Greenbrier Company Employees that would create any liabilities for a member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business or, on or after the Closing Date, the Joint Venture under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act or similar Laws.

(g) Before the Closing Date, Greenbrier has made available to Watco accurate and complete copies of each of the following, as applicable, with respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business: (1) the plan document or agreement or, with respect to any Company Benefit Plan that is not in writing, a written description of the material terms thereof; (2) the trust agreement, insurance contract or other documentation of any related funding arrangement; (3) the summary plan description; (4) the two most recent annual reports, actuarial reports and financial reports; (5) the most recent required Internal Revenue Service Form 5500, including all schedules thereto; and (6) the most recent determination or opinion letter received from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to each Company Benefit Plan that is intended to be a “qualified plan” under Section 401 of the Code. There are no facts or circumstances that would create any Liabilities for the Joint Venture under any of the Company Benefit Plans or any member of the Greenbrier Group on or after the Closing Date.

(h) Except as set forth on Schedule 6.13(h) ,with respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business, (1) all payments due from the member of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate to date have been timely made and all amounts properly accrued to date as liabilities of the members of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate that are not yet due have been properly recorded on the books of the members of the Greenbrier Group and, to the

 

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extent required by GAAP, adequate reserves are reflected on the Greenbrier Financial Statements, (2) each such Company Benefit Plan that is an “employee pension benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA) and intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code has received or been the subject of a favorable determination letter or opinion letter from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to such qualification, and nothing has occurred since the date of such letter that has or is likely to adversely affect such qualification, (3) there are no Actions pending (other than routine claims for benefits) or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened or anticipated with respect to such Company Benefit Plan, any fiduciaries of such Company Benefit Plan with respect to their duties to any Company Benefit Plan, or against the assets of such Company Benefit Plan or any trust maintained in connection with such Company Benefit Plan and (4) it has been operated and administered in compliance in all material respects with its terms and all applicable Laws, including ERISA and the Code.

(i) As it relates to the Business, none of the members of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate:

(i) maintains or contributes to, or has maintained or contributed to, (x) any Title IV Plan or (y) a Multiemployer Plan; or

(ii) has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any material liability pursuant to Title I or Title IV of ERISA or the penalty, excise tax or joint and several liability provisions of the Code or any Law or regulation relating to employee benefit plans, whether contingent or otherwise. With respect to each Multiemployer Plan, no complete or partial withdrawal from such plan has been made by a member of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate, or by any other Person, that could result in any liability to a member of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate, whether such liability is contingent or otherwise. With respect to each Title IV Plan, no event under Section 4062(e) of ERISA has occurred.

(j) No Company Benefit Plan of a member of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business is under audit or is the subject of an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or any other Governmental Authority, nor is any such audit or investigation, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened. With respect to each Company Benefit Plan of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business for which financial statements are required by ERISA, there has been no adverse change in the financial status of such Company Benefit Plan since the date of the most recent such statements provided to Watco by Greenbrier.

(k) As it relates to the Business, neither the execution or delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement could, either alone or in conjunction with any other event (whether contingent or otherwise, including any termination of employment), (1) result in any payment or benefit becoming due or payable, or required to be provided, to any director, employee or independent contractor of a member of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate, (2)

 

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increase the amount or value of any benefit or compensation otherwise payable or required to be provided to any such director, employee or independent contractor, (3) result in the acceleration of the time of payment, vesting or funding of any such benefit or compensation, (4) result in any amount failing to be deductible by reason of Section 280G of the Code or (5) result in the forgiveness of any indebtedness to any director, employee or independent contractor.

(l) Except as provided in Schedule 6.13(l) , none of the members of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate or any of their Company Benefit Plans has any liability with respect to an obligation to provide post-retirement medical, disability or death or other welfare benefits (whether or not insured) with respect to any Person engaged in providing services primarily to the Business other than coverage mandated by Section 4980B of the Code or state Law.

(m) The terms of each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group that is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance) comply with Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance), each such “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” has been operated in compliance with Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance), and no such “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” that is intended to be a “grandfathered” plan has been materially modified within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (and associated Treasury Department guidance, including all transition guidance). None of the members of the Greenbrier Group or any ERISA Affiliate has any indemnity obligation for any Taxes related to the Business imposed under Section 409A of the Code.

(n) To the extent permitted by applicable Law, each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group can be amended or terminated at any time, without consent from any other Person and without liability other than for benefits accrued as of the date of such amendment or termination (other than administrative charges typically incurred as a result of such termination).

(o) Each Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group that is a pension plan within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(2) (regardless of whether the Company Benefit Plan is covered by ERISA) but is not qualified under Sections 401(a) or 403(a) of the Code is exempt from Part 2, 3 and 4 of Title I of ERISA as an unfunded plan that is maintained primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees, pursuant to Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of ERISA.

(p) No event has occurred and there exists no condition or set of circumstances that presents a material risk that any Company Benefit Plan related to the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has or is likely to experience a partial termination within the meaning of Section 411(d)(3) of the Code.

 

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(q) None of members of the Greenbrier Group or any “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to the Company Benefit Plans related to the Business of the members of the Greenbrier Group or ERISA Affiliate Plans has engaged in a non-exempt “prohibited transaction” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA.

6.14 Environmental . Except as provided in Schedule 6.14 :

(a) To the Knowledge of Greenbrier, none of the members of the Greenbrier Group nor any of their respective Affiliates, as it relates to the Business, has generated, manufactured, refined, transported, treated, stored, handled, disposed, transferred, produced or processed any Hazardous Substances, except to the extent any Hazardous Substance is present in amounts less than reportable quantities, if applicable, and except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws and Environmental Permits. None of the Greenbrier Real Property (including any easements or similar rights) has been, or is being, used (i) for the storage, treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling, production or Disposal of any Hazardous Substance except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws and Environmental Permits, or (ii) as a landfill or other waste management or Disposal site or for the storage of oil, gasoline, petroleum or petroleum based products, except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws.

(b) As it relates to the Business, none of the members of the Greenbrier Group has received in the last twelve (12) months any form of notice, inquiry, notice of violation, enforcement notice, or other information with regard to (i) any actual or alleged material Release or threat of material Release of any Hazardous Substance in material violation of any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit on, at, from, or affecting the Greenbrier Real Property or (ii) any actual or alleged material violation of any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit.

(c) All Environmental Permits necessary for the construction, equipping, ownership, use and operation of the assets of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business, and to otherwise operate their respective Businesses, have been obtained and are in full force and effect, and the Greenbrier Group is currently in compliance with all such Environmental Permits in all material respects, and no Action is pending nor, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened, to suspend, revoke or terminate any such Environmental Permit or to declare any such Environmental Permit invalid, and a complete and accurate list of such Environmental Permits is set forth in Schedule 6.14(c) .

(d) There are no pending or currently effective Contracts, consent orders, decrees, judgments, licenses or permit conditions or other orders or directives of any Governmental Authority relating to the past, present or future construction, equipping, ownership, use, operation, sale, transfer, leasing or other conveyance of the Greenbrier Real Property, or any interest therein, that require any change in the present condition or method of operation of the Greenbrier Real Property, or any work, repairs, construction, containment, clean up, investigations, studies, monitoring, removal or remedial action or capital expenditures in order for such facilities or properties to be in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws or Environmental Permits, or other applicable Laws.

 

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(e) There are no Actions currently filed, pending or, to the Knowledge of Greenbrier, threatened, that could cause the incurrence of expenses or costs of any type or description or that seek money damages, injunctive relief, remedial action or remedy that arise out of, relate to or result from (1) the environmental condition of the Greenbrier Real Property or the Environment in each case as affected or allegedly affected by the operations of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business, (2) a violation or alleged violation of any applicable Environmental Law or non-compliance or alleged non-compliance with any Environmental Permit in each case related to the Business, (3) the presence of any Hazardous Substances or a Release or the threat of a Release of any Hazardous Substances at or from the Greenbrier Real Property, (4) arrangement for treatment or Disposal of any Hazardous Substances related to the Business of the Greenbrier Group at any location other than the Greenbrier Real Property or (5) exposure to any Hazardous Substance, noises, vibrations or nuisances of whatever kind to the extent the same arise from the operations of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business or from the condition of the Greenbrier Real Property or the acquisition, construction, equipping, ownership, use, operation, sale, transfer or conveyance thereof.

(f) There are no state or federal Liens on the Greenbrier Real Property resulting from an environmental cleanup by Greenbrier, any Governmental Authority or any third party.

(g) This Section 6.14 constitutes the exclusive representations and warranties of Greenbrier addressing matters under any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit.

6.15 Books and Records .

(a) The books, records and accounts of the members of the Greenbrier Group related to the Business (1) are in all material respects accurate and complete, (2) have been maintained in all material respects in accordance with good business practices on a basis consistent with prior years, (3) are stated in reasonable detail and accurately and fairly reflect in all material respects the transactions and dispositions of assets, and (4) accurately and fairly reflect in all material respects the basis for the Greenbrier Financial Statements.

(b) As it relates to the Business, the members of the Greenbrier Group (1) make and keep books, records and accounts that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets, and (2) maintain systems of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of their respective financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets, (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general

 

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or specific authorization, and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

6.16 Brokers and Finders . No broker or finder has acted for any member of the Greenbrier Group or any of their Affiliates in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby; and no broker or finder is entitled to any brokerage or finder’s fee or other commission in respect thereof based on any agreement, arrangement or understanding made by any member of the Greenbrier Group or any of their Affiliates.

6.17 Inventories .

(a) The inventory (which includes work in process) of the Greenbrier Group used in connection with the Business (the “ Greenbrier Inventory ”) is (i) good, merchantable and fit and sufficient for the purpose intended, (ii) free from defects in design, materials, workmanship and title, (iii) conforms to the applicable member of the Greenbrier Group’s published specifications, if any, (iv) does not infringe any third party rights (patents, copyrights, etc.) and (v) is of a quality and quantity useable and salable in the ordinary course of business, except for reserves and adjustments to reserves described in the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement and adjustments, if any, related to physical counts of the Greenbrier Inventory as expressly contemplated by the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement. The reserves (as adjusted pursuant to the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement) for excess inventory and obsolescence with respect to the Greenbrier Inventory are adequate and are calculated consistent with past practice. The Greenbrier Inventory to be sold pursuant to the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement will be sold to the Joint Venture free and clear of all Liens and is located at the Greenbrier Real Property (other than goods in transit).

(b) The value of the Greenbrier Inventory reflected on the Greenbrier Stub Period Balance Sheet has been determined in accordance with GAAP on a basis consistent with past practice used in the preparation of the Greenbrier Financial Statements. The inventory obsolescence policy of Greenbrier has been determined in accordance with GAAP consistently applied. Inventories purchased after the Greenbrier Balance Sheet Date were purchased in the ordinary course of business at a price not exceeding market prices prevailing at the time of purchase for items of similar quantity and quality.

6.18 Disclaimer of other Representations and Warranties . Except as expressly set forth in this Article VI or in the Transaction Documents, Greenbrier makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, at law or in equity. Watco acknowledges that it is not relying on any representation or warranty, express or implied, at law or in equity, other than those specifically set forth in this Agreement or in the Transaction Documents.

 

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ARTICLE VII

SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; INDEMNIFICATION

7.1 Survival of Representations and Warranties . The representations and warranties of Watco and Greenbrier, as applicable, contained in this Agreement or any Certificates delivered in connection herewith will survive until the first anniversary of the Closing Date (the “ Survival Date ”); provided that in the event of fraud, such claim will survive indefinitely; provided further that (a) the representations and warranties of Watco contained in Sections 5.1 (Organization), 5.2 (Authority; Binding Effect), 5.3 (No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance), 5.4 (Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations), 5.11 (Taxes and Tax Audits), 5.14 (Environmental) and 5.16 (Brokers and Finders) will survive until 90 days after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations and (b) the representations and warranties of Greenbrier contained in Sections 6.1 (Organization), 6.2 (Authority; Binding Effect), 6.3 (No Creation of Violation, Default, Breach or Encumbrance), 6.4 (Approvals, Licenses and Authorizations), 6.11 (Taxes and Tax Audits), 6.14 (Environmental) and 6.16 (Brokers and Finders) will survive until 90 days after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.

7.2 Indemnification by Watco .

(a) Subject to any applicable limitations in this Article VII , Watco will indemnify, defend and hold harmless each member of the Greenbrier Group from and against all Damages suffered or incurred by such member of the Greenbrier Group, without duplication, directly or indirectly resulting from or in connection with:

(i) any inaccuracy in or breach of (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that if true, would constitute any inaccuracy in or breach of) any representation or warranty made by Watco in this Agreement or in any certificate delivered by Watco pursuant to this Agreement;

(ii) any breach or failure to perform or observe (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that, if true, would constitute a breach or failure to perform or observe) any covenant, agreement or condition to be performed or observed by Watco pursuant to this Agreement;

(iii) any act or omission or the operation of the Business of the Watco Group prior to the Closing Date (other than with respect to the matters covered by Section 7.2(b)(iv) for which no member of the Greenbrier Group suffers any direct losses);

(iv) any Watco Excluded Liabilities; and

(v) any Action incident to any of the foregoing.

 

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(b) Watco will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Joint Venture from and against all Damages suffered or incurred by the Joint Venture, without duplication, directly or indirectly resulting from or in connection with:

(i) any inaccuracy in or breach of (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that if true, would constitute any inaccuracy in or breach of) any representation or warranty made by Watco in this Agreement or in any certificate delivered by Watco pursuant to this Agreement;

(ii) any breach or failure to perform or observe (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that, if true, would constitute a breach or failure to perform or observe) any covenant, agreement or condition to be performed or observed by Watco pursuant to this Agreement;

(iii) any act or omission or the operation of the Business of the Watco Group prior to the Closing Date (other than with respect to the matters covered by Section 7.2(b)(iv) ) ;

(iv) any product sold, service provided or warranty granted by a member of the Watco Group prior to the Closing Date, or where a member of the Watco Group is a named party in a purchase order, warranty or other documentation;

(v) any Watco Excluded Liabilities; and

(vi) any Action incident to any of the foregoing.

Any indemnification payment received by the Joint Venture pursuant to this Section 7.2(b) will be treated for purposes of computing the Capital Contribution (under the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture) and Capital Account of Watco as a restoration of the value assigned to the contributions of Watco pursuant to Section 2.1 and shall not increase the Capital Contribution of Watco, as any such indemnification payment only compensates the Joint Venture for the Damages suffered or incurred by the Joint Venture.

7.3 Indemnification by Greenbrier .

(a) Subject to any applicable limitations in this Article VII , Greenbrier will indemnify, defend and hold harmless each member of the Watco Group from and against all Damages suffered or incurred by such member of the Watco Group, without duplication, directly or indirectly resulting from or in connection with:

(i) any inaccuracy in or breach of (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that if true, would constitute any inaccuracy in or breach of) any representation or warranty made by Greenbrier in this Agreement or in any certificate delivered by Greenbrier pursuant to this Agreement;

(ii) any breach or failure to perform or observe (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that, if true, would constitute a breach or failure to perform or observe) any covenant, agreement or condition to be performed or observed by Greenbrier pursuant to this Agreement;

 

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(iii) any act or omission or the operation of the Business of the Greenbrier Group prior to the Closing Date (other than with respect to the matters covered by Section 7.3(b)(iv) for which no member of the Watco Group suffers any direct losses);

(iv) any Greenbrier Excluded Liabilities;

(v) any Taxes, accruals, payables or any other Liabilities of Greenbrier Canada arising out of or related to (A) any period prior to the Effective Time or (B) acquisition of the Shares by the Joint Venture or the Operating Subsidiary pursuant to this Agreement, in each case, except to the extent arising out of or relating to any act or omission of, or the operation of the business of Greenbrier Canada by, the Joint Venture, the Operating Subsidiary and/or any of their respective Affiliates, as the case may be, following the Closing; and

(vi) any Action incident to any of the foregoing.

(b) Greenbrier will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Joint Venture from and against all Damages suffered or incurred by the Joint Venture, without duplication, directly or indirectly resulting from or in connection with:

(i) any inaccuracy in or breach of (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that if true, would constitute any inaccuracy in or breach of) any representation or warranty made by Greenbrier in this Agreement or in any certificate delivered by Greenbrier pursuant to this Agreement;

(ii) any breach or failure to perform or observe (or in the event any third party alleges any facts that, if true, would constitute a breach or failure to perform or observe) any covenant, agreement or condition to be performed or observed by Greenbrier pursuant to this Agreement;

(iii) any act or omission or the operation of the Business of the Greenbrier Group prior to the Closing Date (other than with respect to the matters covered by Section 7.3(b)(iv) ) ;

(iv) any product sold, service provided or warranty granted by a member of the Greenbrier Group prior to the Closing Date, or where a member of the Greenbrier Group is a named party in a purchase order, warranty or other documentation;

(v) any Greenbrier Excluded Liabilities;

(vi) any Taxes, accruals, payables or any other Liabilities of Greenbrier Canada arising out of or related to (A) any period prior to the Effective Time or (B) acquisition of the Shares by the Joint Venture or the Operating Subsidiary pursuant to this Agreement, in each case, except to the extent arising out of or relating to any act or omission of, or the operation of the business of Greenbrier Canada by, the Joint Venture, the Operating Subsidiary and/or any of their respective Affiliates, as the case may be, following the Closing; and

 

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(vii) any Action incident to any of the foregoing.

Any indemnification payment received by the Joint Venture pursuant to this Section 7.3(b) will be treated for purposes of computing the Capital Contribution (under the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture) and Capital Account of Greenbrier as a restoration of the value assigned to the contributions of Greenbrier pursuant to Section 2.2 and shall not increase the Capital Contribution of Greenbrier, as any such indemnification payment only compensates the Joint Venture for the Damages suffered or incurred by the Joint Venture.

7.4 Exclusive Remedy . Except in the case of fraud and/or claims for specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable relief, and without limiting any rights contained in the other Transaction Documents, each party’s sole and exclusive remedy with respect to all claims relating to the subject matter of this Agreement will be pursuant to the indemnification provisions set forth in this Article VII .

7.5 Limitations .

(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, other than in the case of fraud, (i) Watco shall not be liable for Damages pursuant to Section 7.2(a)(i) or Section 7.2(b)(i) unless and until (A) the aggregate amount of Damages pursuant to Section 7.2(a)(i) and Section 7.2(b)(i) exceeds $175,000, in the aggregate (the “ Basket Amount ”), in which event Watco shall be liable for all such Damages, including the Basket Amount, and (B) Damages from any claim or series of claims relating to the same or substantially similar facts or circumstances brought pursuant to Section 7.2(a)(i) and Section 7.2(b)(i) exceed $17,500, in the aggregate (the “ De Minimis Amount ”); and (ii) Greenbrier shall not be liable for Damages pursuant to Section 7.3(a)(i) or Section 7.3(b)(i) unless and until (A) the aggregate amount of Damages pursuant to Section 7.3(a)(i) and Section 7.3(b)(i) exceeds the Basket Amount, in the aggregate, in which event Greenbrier shall be liable for all such Damages, including the Basket Amount, and (B) Damages from any claim or series of claims relating to the same or substantially similar facts or circumstances brought pursuant to Section 7.3(a)(i) and Section 7.3(b)(i) exceed the De Minimis Amount, in the aggregate; and

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, other than in the case of fraud, the parties will not be liable under this Agreement for more than the value of their respective contributions, as of the Closing Date, as set forth in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, in the aggregate for indemnification under this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.2(a)(i) and Section 7.2(b)(i) , in the aggregate, with respect to Watco, or Section 7.3(a)(i) and Section 7.3(b)(i) , in the aggregate, with respect to Greenbrier.

(c) The amount of any indemnity payable for Damages under this Article VII will be calculated net of any amount actually recovered by the Indemnified Party from

 

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third parties, including amounts recovered by the Indemnified Party under insurance policies, with respect to such Damages, in each such case net of any third party costs related thereto, including costs of collection and deductibles. If an Indemnified Party receives proceeds from third parties, including insurance proceeds, in connection with Damages for which it has received indemnification hereunder, such Indemnified Party will promptly refund to the Indemnifying Party the amount of such net proceeds when received, up to the amount of indemnification received hereunder with respect to such Damages. Each party agrees to reasonably cooperate with each other party and the Joint Venture, and to use commercially reasonable best efforts, to collect amounts available under insurance coverages and promptly and diligently pursue such claims relating to any Damages for which it is seeking indemnification.

(d) For purposes of this Article VII , any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty shall be determined without giving effect to any limitations or qualifications as to “materiality” (including, without limitation, the word “material”), “Material Adverse Effect”, “knowledge” or other similar limitation or qualification contained in or otherwise applicable to such representation or warranty.

7.6 Third-Party Claims Procedures . Any eligible Person may make a claim for indemnification under this Article VII (an “ Indemnified Party ”) by notifying the indemnifying party (an “ Indemnifying Party ”) of the claim in writing promptly after receiving written notice of any Action against it (if by a third party), describing the claim, the amount thereof (if known and quantifiable and, if not known and quantifiable, a good faith estimate thereof) and the basis thereof; provided that the failure to so notify an Indemnifying Party will not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations hereunder except to the extent that (and only to the extent that) the Indemnifying Party has been materially prejudiced thereby. The Indemnifying Party may participate in the defense of such Action giving rise to an Indemnified Party’s claim for indemnification at such Indemnifying Party’s expense, and at its option may assume the defense thereof by appointing reputable counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnified Party to be the lead counsel in connection with such defense; provided that, prior to the Indemnifying Party assuming control of such defense it must first verify to the Indemnified Party in writing that such Indemnifying Party will be fully responsible (with no reservation of any rights) for all Liabilities and obligations relating to such claim for indemnification and that (without regard to any dollar limitations otherwise set forth herein) it will provide indemnification to the Indemnified Party with respect to such Action giving rise to such claim for indemnification hereunder. The Indemnified Party may participate in the defense of such claim and to employ counsel of its choice for such purpose; provided that the fees and expenses of such separate counsel will be borne by the Indemnified Party (other than any fees and expenses of such separate counsel that are incurred prior to the date the Indemnifying Party effectively assumes control of such defense). Neither the Indemnifying Party nor the Indemnified Party, whichever is controlling the defense, needs to obtain the prior written consent of the other if the settlement thereof involves only the payment of money by the Indemnifying Party; but if the settlement involves anything other than the payment of money by the Indemnifying Party (including injunctive or equitable relief), then the party controlling the defense must obtain the prior written consent of the other party before entering into any such settlement; provided , that no settlement may be made unless such settlement expressly and unconditionally releases the Indemnified Party from all liabilities and obligations with respect to such claim, with prejudice.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

TERMINATION

8.1 Grounds for Termination . This Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing.

(a) by mutual written consent of Watco and Greenbrier;

(b) by written notice from Watco to Greenbrier, if there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement by Greenbrier, or any such representation or warranty shall become untrue after the date hereof, such that the conditions in Sections 4.4(a) , 4.4(b) or 4.4(c) would not be satisfied and such breach is not curable or, if curable, is not cured before the earlier of (i) ten (10) days after written notice thereof is given by Watco to Greenbrier, and (ii) the Outside Date;

(c) by written notice from Greenbrier to Watco, if there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement by Watco, or any such representation or warranty shall become untrue after the date hereof, such that the conditions in Sections 4.5(a) , 4.5(b) or 4.5(c) would not be satisfied and such breach is not curable or, if curable, is not cured before the earlier of (i) ten (10) days after written notice thereof is given by Greenbrier to Watco and (ii) the Outside Date;

(d) by either Watco or Greenbrier immediately upon written notice if any Law that makes consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby illegal or otherwise prohibited is enacted, adopted, promulgated or enforced, or any ruling, judgment, injunction, order or decree (whether or not final and nonappealable) of any Governmental Authority having competent jurisdiction is entered into making illegal or otherwise enjoining the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby substantially on the terms contemplated by this Agreement; provided , however , that the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(d) shall not be available to any party whose breach of any provision of this Agreement causes or results in the imposition of such ruling, judgment, injunction, order or decree or the failure of such ruling, judgment, injunction, order or decree to be resisted, resolved or lifted, as applicable; or

(e) by written notice by Watco to Greenbrier or by Greenbrier to Watco, as the case may be, in the event the Closing has not occurred on or prior to September 30, 2014 (the “ Outside Date ”) for any reason other than delay or nonperformance of or breach by the party to this Agreement seeking such termination.

8.2 Effect of Termination . In the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Article VIII , this Agreement shall forthwith become void and there shall be no Liability on the part of any party to this Agreement or its owners, members, managers, directors, officers, or employees, except for obligations under Section 3.3 (Confidentiality) and Article IX (Miscellaneous), all of which shall survive the termination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, nothing contained herein shall relieve any party from Liability for any willful breach of this Agreement that occurred prior to the termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Article VIII .

 

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ARTICLE IX

MISCELLANEOUS

9.1 Expenses . Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, each party will bear its own expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including all fees of its legal counsel, financial advisers and accountants and all transfer Taxes owed in connection with such party’s contributions hereunder.

9.2 Press Releases . Promptly, but in no event later than four (4) days, after the Closing Date, Watco and Greenbrier will issue a mutually agreeable joint press release regarding the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group or any of their respective Affiliates will issue any additional press release or make any public announcements regarding such matters without the prior written consent of Greenbrier or Watco, respectively. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or in any Transaction Document, Watco or Greenbrier may at any time, and from time to time, make public disclosures regarding such matters as may be required pursuant to any applicable public company filing requirements, securities Laws or requirements related to the parties’ indentures, including filing any Form 8-K and any exhibits thereto, including requirements to file a copy of this Agreement (redacted to the extent reasonably permitted by applicable law) or to disclose information regarding the provisions hereof or performance hereunder to applicable regulatory authorities.

9.3 Notices . Any notice, request, consent or communication under this Agreement will be effective only if it is in writing and (a) personally delivered, (b) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (c) sent by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, with delivery confirmed, or (d) sent via facsimile transmission, with a copy sent on the same day by one of the methods set forth in clauses (a) or (c), addressed as follows:

If to any member of the Watco Group:

Watco Companies, L.L.C.

315 W. 3 rd Street

Pittsburg, KS 66762

Attn: Rick Webb, Chief Executive Officer

Fax: (620) 231-0812

with a copy to:

Watco Companies, L.L.C.

315 W. 3 rd Street

Pittsburg, KS 66762

Attn: Craig Richey, General Counsel

Fax: (620) 231-0812

 

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If to any member of the Greenbrier Group:

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035

Attn: William Furman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Fax: (503) 684-7553

with a copy to:

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035

Attn: Martin R. Baker, Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer and General Counsel

Fax: (503) 684-7553

If to the Joint Venture:

GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C.

c/o The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035

Attn: Jim Cowan, Chief Executive Officer

Fax: (503) 684-7553

with a copy to:

Watco at the above listed addresses for the Watco Group (in the case of a notice sent by Greenbrier) or to Greenbrier at the above listed addresses for the Greenbrier Group (in the case of a notice sent by Watco)

or such other Persons or addresses as are furnished in writing by any party to the other party, and will be deemed to have been given only upon its delivery in accordance with this Section 9.3 .

9.4 Amendments . This Agreement may not be modified or amended except by a written document signed by the Watco and Greenbrier. The schedules or other attachments to this Agreement may not be supplemented or amended except as agreed in writing by the Watco and Greenbrier.

9.5 Waivers . A party will not be deemed to have waived any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder except where such waiver is contained within a writing signed by an authorized agent or representative of the party to be charged. A party may, by an instrument in writing, waive compliance by the other parties with any term or provision of this Agreement on the part of the other party to be performed or complied with. The waiver by a party of a breach of any term or provision of this Agreement will not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach.

 

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9.6 Assignments . The rights and obligations of a party under this Agreement may not be assigned without prior written consent from the other party, with such consent not to be unreasonably withheld. Any assignment in violation of this Agreement will be void.

9.7 Parties in Interest . This Agreement will be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and permitted assigns. Other than with respect to the Joint Venture, which has the rights specified herein, nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature under or by reason of this Agreement.

9.8 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed to constitute an original, and will become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties hereto.

9.9 Governing Law . This Agreement and the application or interpretation hereof, are governed exclusively by the Laws of the State of Delaware.

9.10 Submission to Jurisdiction . Any Action seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereunder or thereunder, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, must be brought in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the District of Delaware, or the courts of the State of Delaware, so long as one of such courts have subject-matter jurisdiction over such Action, and that any such Action will be deemed to have arisen from a transaction of business in the State of Delaware. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such Action and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, any objection that it may now or later have to the laying of the venue of any Action in any such court or that any such Action that is brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient form. Service of process, summons, notice or other document by registered mail to the address set forth in Section 9.3 will be effective service of process for any Action brought in any such court.

9.11 Waiver of Jury Trial . The parties hereby knowingly, voluntarily, and intentionally waive any rights they may have to a trial by jury in respect of any litigation based hereon, or arising out of, under, or in connection with, this Agreement, or any course of conduct, course of dealing, or statements (whether verbal or written) of the parties.

9.12 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the legality, validity and enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement will not be affected thereby and will remain in full force and effect and may be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by law.

9.13 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, together with the Transaction Documents and the Confidentiality Agreement, constitutes the entire agreement among the parties.

 

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ARTICLE X

DEFINITIONS

10.1 Certain Terms Defined . In addition to terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms have the meanings assigned to them in this Section 10.1 :

Action ” means any lawsuit, claim, demand, action, investigation, examination, hearing, charge, condemnation or other proceeding, complaint or notice of noncompliance, whether or not such matter is by or before any Governmental Authority, mediator or arbitrator.

Affiliate ” has the meaning assigned to such term in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder.

Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Anti-Bribery Laws ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.5(b) .

Asset Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Assets ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Assignment and Assumption Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2 .

Balance Sheet Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Bill of Sale ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(e) .

Business ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Capital Lease ” means, with respect to any Person, any lease of, or other arrangement conveying the right to use, property by such Person as lessee that would be accounted for as a capital lease on a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Closing ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1 .

Closing Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1 .

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Company Benefit Plans ” means all pension, retirement, savings, disability, medical, dental, health, life (including any individual life insurance policy as to which a member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group is the owner, beneficiary or both), death benefit, group insurance, profit sharing, deferred compensation, stock option or other stock, equity or phantom stock or phantom equity incentive, fringe benefit, bonus incentive, vacation pay, sick pay, change in control, severance or termination pay, employment agreement, “cafeteria” or “flexible benefit” plan under Section 125 of the Code, or other employee, independent contractor, or director benefit plan, trust, arrangement, contract, agreement, policy or commitment, whether

 

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formal or informal, written or oral, on account of any employee, former employee, director or former director, or independent contractor or former independent contractor sponsored, maintained or contributed to by a member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, or any ERISA Affiliate of a member of either, maintained, contributed to or sponsored by a member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, or with respect to which any of them would have any liability, or any ERISA Affiliate of a member of either, for the benefit of any of their current or prior employment, or current or former directorship, or current or former independent contractor relationship, with a member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, including any “employee benefit plan” as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not subject to ERISA.

Contracts ” means any agreement of any kind or nature whatsoever by which any Person is bound, including all contracts, agreements, understandings, notes, bonds, instruments, leases, subleases, mortgages, licenses, Capital Leases, commitments or binding arrangements, express or implied, oral or written, and all amendments thereto.

Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Covered Greenbrier Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11(a) .

Covered JV Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11(a) .

Covered Watco Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11(b) .

Cowan Secondment Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Credit Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Damages ” means damages, losses, costs, obligations, claims, demands, assessments, judgments or liabilities (whether based on contract, tort, product liability, strict liability or otherwise), including Taxes, and all expenses (including interest, penalties and attorneys’ and accountants’ fees and disbursements) incurred in litigation or otherwise, and any investigation relating thereto; provided , however , that the term “Damages” does not include any consequential, exemplary, speculative or punitive damages or diminution in value unless they were suffered as a result of a third party claim.

Disposal ” has the same meaning as given to that term in the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq .).

Documents and Other Papers ” means any document, written Contract, instrument, certificate, notice, consent, affidavit, letter, statement, file, computer disk, microfiche or other document in electronic format, schedule, exhibit or any other paper whatsoever related to the Businesses of the Watco Group or Greenbrier Group, as applicable (whether stored in physical or electronic format (including computers and other devices capable of electronic storage)). For the avoidance of doubt, “Documents and Other Papers” includes all (a) documents concerning any existing or potential environmental matters regarding any property adjacent to or within the immediate vicinity of the Real Property, including previously conducted environmental audits and documents regarding any Release or Disposal of Hazardous Substances at, upon or from the Real Property, spill control plans and environmental agency reports and correspondence, and (b)

 

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studies, reports and other similar documents (engineering, technical, seismic, geological, geochemical, geophysical, feasibility, commercial, etc .) relating to the Businesses of the Watco Group or Greenbrier Group, as applicable.

Effective Time ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1 .

Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Environment ” means any water, including surface water, groundwater and drinking water, any land, including land surface and subsurface soils and strata, ambient air, storm water, and all other natural resources, including flora and fauna.

Environmental Laws ” means all federal, state and local environmental, land use, health, chemical use, safety and sanitation Laws relating to the protection, preservation or remediation of the Environment or governing the use, storage, treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling, management, production, spill control, or Disposal of Hazardous Substances and the policies, guidelines and directives of Governmental Authorities with respect thereto.

Environmental Permits ” means all permits, licenses, approvals, authorizations, consents, orders or registrations required by any applicable Environmental Law or Governmental Authorities in connection with the environmental, health and safety aspects of the Businesses of the parties or the ownership, construction, equipping, use or operation of their real property, including the use, storage, treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling, production or Disposal of Hazardous Substances or the sale, transfer or conveyance of the their respective Businesses.

ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

ERISA Affiliate ” means the members of the Watco Group, the members of the Greenbrier Group and any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that is or has ever been under common control, or that is or has ever been treated as a single employer, with members of the Watco Group or the members of the Greenbrier Group under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code.

FCPA ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.5(b) .

FIRPTA Certificate ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(e) .

GAAP ” means United States generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.

GATX Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.13 .

Governmental Authority ” means any court, tribunal, arbitrator, authority, agency, executive body, legislative body, branch, department, commission, official or other

 

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instrumentality of the United States or Canada or any state, province, county, city or other political subdivision or similar governing entity, and including any governmental, quasi-governmental or non-governmental body administering, regulating or having general oversight over the Businesses of the members of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, as applicable.

Greenbrier ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Greenbrier Assigned Contracts ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a)(i) .

Greenbrier Assumed Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(c) .

Greenbrier Canada ” means Greenbrier Rail Services Canada Inc.

Greenbrier Company Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.13(a) .

Greenbrier Contributed Assets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a) .

Greenbrier Disclosure Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to Article VI .

Greenbrier Excluded Accounts Receivable ” means any right to receive payment from customers for work completed on or prior to the Closing Date, regardless of whether an invoice has been sent to such customer on or prior to the Closing Date.

Greenbrier Excluded Assets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(c) .

Greenbrier Excluded Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(d) .

Greenbrier Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.6(a) .

Greenbrier Group ” means Greenbrier, Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC, Greenbrier Canada and Gunderson Rail Services, LLC.

Greenbrier Lease ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(b) .

Greenbrier Leased Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(a) .

Greenbrier Locations ” means the locations set forth on Schedule 10.1(a) .

Greenbrier Inventory ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.17(a) .

Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Greenbrier Owned Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(a) .

Greenbrier Personal Property Leases ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(d) .

Greenbrier Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(a) .

 

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Greenbrier Transferred Permits ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a)(vi) .

Hazardous Substance ” means, without limitation, any flammable explosives, radon, radioactive materials, asbestos, urea formaldehyde foam insulation, chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum and petroleum products, methane, hazardous materials, hazardous wastes, hazardous or toxic substances or related materials as defined in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 9601, et seq .), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. § 6901, et seq .), the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § 1251m et seq .), the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq .), the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 1801, et seq .), the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. § 2601, et seq .), the respective equivalent laws in the States of Colorado and Texas, and any other applicable Environmental Law and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Impositions ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.9(a) .

Indemnified Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.6 .

Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.6 .

Intellectual Property ” means any and all of the following, and all rights in, arising out of, or associated therewith, in any jurisdiction throughout the world, whether protected, created or arising under any applicable Law, license or other Contract, or otherwise: (a) all inventions (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice), products, processes, prototypes, articles of manufacture, compositions of matter, know-how and other things and information, all improvements thereto, and all patent disclosures and patents (including patent applications), including all utility models, provisional applications, continuations, divisionals, and continuations-in-part thereof and patents issuing thereon, along with all reissues, reexaminations and extensions thereof; (b) all copyrights, copyrightable subject matter and works of authorship (whether or not embodied in any tangible form, including instruction manuals, schematics, diagrams, drawings, product specifications, laboratory notebooks, samples, studies and summaries), and all mask work, database and design rights, whether or not registered or published, all registrations and recordations thereof and all applications and registrations in connection therewith, along with all reversions, extensions and renewals thereof; (c) trade or service marks, logos, trade names, corporate names, rights in telephone numbers and trade dress rights, together with all translations, adaptations, derivations and combinations thereof and including the goodwill associated with any of the foregoing, along with all applications, registrations, renewals and extensions thereof; (d) confidential and proprietary information, including trade secrets and know-how (including ideas, research and development, formulae, algorithms, routines, compositions, engineering processes and techniques, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, technical data, designs, drawings, specifications, customer and supplier lists, pricing and cost information, and business and marketing plans and proposals); (e) all internet domain names and registrations and renewals thereof; (f) all Software and web sites; (g) registrations and applications for registration of each of the foregoing and all equivalent, similar or corresponding rights throughout the world; (h) all advertising and promotional materials and product labels; (i) all other intellectual property and other proprietary rights, and (j) all copies and tangible embodiments thereof (in whatever form or medium).

 

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IRS ” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.

Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement ” and “ Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreements ” have the meanings set forth in the Recitals.

Joint Venture ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

JV Covered Greenbrier Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11(c) .

JV Covered Watco Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11(c) .

Knowledge ” means (i) with respect to Watco, the actual knowledge of any of Terry Towner, Craig Richey, Matt McKenzie and Jeff Leiserowitz and the knowledge that each such person would have after reasonable inquiry, or (ii) with respect to Greenbrier, the actual knowledge of any of Mark Rittenbaum, Martin Baker, Adrian Downes and Cheryl Balkenhol and the knowledge that each such person would have after reasonable inquiry.

Law ” or “ Laws ” means all domestic or foreign federal, state, territorial, provincial or local laws (statutory, common or otherwise), statutes, constitutions, treaties, conventions, rules, codes, regulations, ordinances, administrative interpretations, Orders and other pronouncements having the effect of law enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by any Governmental Authority.

Liabilities ” means liabilities, obligations or commitments of any nature whatsoever, asserted or unasserted, known or unknown, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, matured or unmatured or otherwise.

License Term ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

Licensee ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

Licensor ” and “ Licensors ” have the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

Lien ” means any lien, mortgage, deed of trust, assessment, option, right of first refusal, restriction (whether voting, transfer or otherwise), easement, right of way, title defect, pledge, claim, charge, security interest, hypothecation or encumbrance of any nature whatsoever.

LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 .

LLC Agreement of the Operating Subsidiary ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 .

Master Personal Property Lease ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Master Real Property Lease ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Material Adverse Effect ” means with respect to the consequences of any event, fact or circumstance (including the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event, fact or circumstance) applicable to the Businesses or Assets of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, that such

 

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event, fact or circumstance has caused, is causing or could cause, directly, indirectly or consequentially, singularly or in the aggregate with other events, facts and circumstances, a material adverse effect (measured both on a long-term basis and on a one-year basis) on the assets, liabilities, financial condition, operating results or operations of the Businesses of a member of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group; provided , however , that none of the following shall be deemed in themselves, either alone or in combination, to constitute, and none of the following shall be taken into account in determining whether there has been or will be, a Material Adverse Effect: (i) any adverse event, fact, condition, change, effect or circumstance attributable to the announcement or pendency of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Transaction Documents; (ii) any adverse event, fact, condition, change, effect or circumstance attributable to conditions affecting the industry in which the Businesses participate or the U.S. economy, except to the extent that any of the foregoing has had a disproportionate effect on the Business of the members of the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, as applicable, as compared to other participants in the industry in which the Businesses of the members of the Watco Group and the Greenbrier Group operates; or (iii) any adverse event, fact, condition, change, effect or circumstance arising from or relating to (x) compliance with the express terms of this Agreement or (y) actions taken or not taken at the written request, or with the express written permission, of the other party hereto.

Membership Interest ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture.

Millennium ” means Millennium Rail, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

Multiemployer Plan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13(i)(i) .

Operating Subsidiary ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Order” means any award, decisions, injunction, judgment, order writ, decree, ruling or verdict entered, issued, made or rendered by any court, administrative agency or other Governmental Authority.

Organizational Documents ” of an entity means (a) (1) if a corporation, its articles of incorporation or certificate of incorporation, as the case may be, and bylaws, (2) if a limited liability company, its certificate of formation or articles of organization, as the case may be, and limited liability company agreement or operating agreement, as the case may be, (3) if a limited partnership, its certificate of limited partnership and agreement of limited partnership, (4) if a general partnership, its partnership agreement, and (b) any other Contracts relating to the creation, formation, organization, governance or ownership of such entity.

Permitted Liens ” means (i) Liens for Taxes and other governmental charges and assessments that are not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, but only to the extent that such Taxes are included in the proration provisions of the applicable agreements between the parties, (ii) statutory Liens in favor of lessors arising in connection with any Watco Leased Real Property or Watco Leased Personal Property or Greenbrier Leased Real Property or Greenbrier Leased Personal Property, in each case for obligations that are not delinquent, (iii) recorded easements, rights of way, covenants,

 

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restrictions, reservations, exceptions and encroachments on, over or affecting any portion of the Watco Real Property or Greenbrier Real Property, as applicable, and/or imperfections of title disclosed in any title policy or commitment for the Watco Real Property or Greenbrier Real Property, as applicable, in each case which do not materially impair or interfere with the occupancy, operation or use by the Watco Group or the Greenbrier Group, as applicable, of such Watco Real Property or Greenbrier Real Property, as applicable, (iv) inchoate mechanics’, carriers’, workmen’s, warehousemen’s, repairmen’s or other liens imposed by applicable Law arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business for amounts that are not delinquent, (v) zoning, building and other similar codes and regulations, provided that such zoning, building and other similar codes and regulations are not violated by the present use and operation of any Watco Real Property or Greenbrier Real Property, (vi) with respect to the Watco Group, purchase money Liens set forth on Schedule 10.1(b)(i) and with respect to the Greenbrier Group, purchase money Liens set forth on Schedule 10.1(b)(ii) , in each case with a value not in excess of $25,000, (vii) with respect to the Watco Group, Liens securing rental payments under any capital lease arrangements related to the Businesses of the members of the Watco Group set forth on Schedule 10.1(c)(i) and with respect to the Greenbrier Group, Liens securing rental payments under any capital lease arrangements related to the Businesses of the members of the Greenbrier Group set forth on Schedule 10.1(c)(ii) , in each case with a value not in excess of $25,000, and (viii) with respect to Watco Leased Real Property and Greenbrier Leased Real Property only, Liens encumbering the underlying fee estate of the landlord.

Person ” means any natural person, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability company, trust, Governmental Authority and any other legal entity.

Property ” means any interest in any kind of property or asset, whether real, personal or mixed, or tangible or intangible.

Real Property Documents ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Release ” has the meaning given to that term in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 9601, et seq .), and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Services Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Shares ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Software ” means all computer software, programs and code, including assemblers, applets, compilers, source code, object code, executable code, net lists, development tools, design tools, user interfaces and data, databases in any form or format, however fixed, and all related documentation.

Tax ” or “ Taxes ” means all taxes, levies or other similar governmental charges or fees of any kind whatsoever, including all federal, state, local and foreign income, corporation, gross receipts, value-added, goods and services, license, franchise, profits, capital gains, capital stock, transfer, registration, sales, use, occupation, property, ad valorem , excise, severance, windfall profits, environmental, escheat, stamp, license, payroll, worker’s compensation disability, withholding, social security, alternative, add-on and other taxes (whether payable directly or by withholding and whether or not requiring the filing of a Tax Return), and all estimated taxes, additions to tax, and penalties and interest imposed thereon or with respect thereto.

 

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Tax Return ” means any return, declaration, report, claim for refund, information return or other document (including any related or supporting estimates, elections, schedules, statements or information) filed or required to be filed in connection with the determination, assessment or collection of any Tax or the administration of any Laws or administrative requirements relating to any Tax.

Title IV Plan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13(i)(i) .

Trademarks ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

Transaction Documents ” means the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, the Bill of Sale, the Credit Agreement, the Watco Inventory Sale Agreements, the Greenbrier Inventory Sale Agreement, the Tucson Facility Services Agreement, the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreements, the Real Property Documents, the Master Personal Property Lease Agreement, the Cowan Secondment Agreement, the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement, the Services Agreement, the LLC Agreement of the Joint Venture, the LLC Agreement of the Operating Subsidiary and each other agreement or instrument to be entered into in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Treasury Regulations ” means the regulations prescribed under the Code.

Tucson Facility ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Tucson Facility Services Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Utilities and Services ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.9(b) .

Watco ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Watco 2013 Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Watco Assigned Contracts ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(i) .

Watco Assigned IP ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9 .

Watco Assumed Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(c) .

Watco Company Employees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13(a) .

Watco Contributed Assets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) .

Watco Disclosure Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to Article V .

Watco Excluded Accounts Receivable ” means any right to receive payment from customers for work completed on or prior to the Closing Date, regardless of whether an invoice has been sent to such customer on or prior to the Closing Date.

 

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Watco Excluded Assets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b) .

Watco Excluded Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(d) .

Watco Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Watco Group ” means Watco, Watco Mechanical and Millennium.

Watco Inventory ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.17(a) .

Watco Inventory Sale Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Watco Lease ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(b) .

Watco Leased Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(a) .

Watco Locations ” means the locations set forth on Schedule 10.1(d) .

Watco Mechanical ” means Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C., a Kansas limited liability company.

Watco Owned Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(a) .

Watco Personal Property Leases ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(d) .

Watco Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(a) .

Watco Registered IP ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9 .

Watco Stub Period Balance Sheets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Watco Stub Period Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Watco Transferred Permits ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(vi) .

WIP ” means services or repairs that are partially completed as of the Closing Date under a Watco Assigned Contract or Greenbrier Assigned Contract, as the case may be.

10.2 Certain Interpretive Matters . In construing this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties that:

(a) no consideration may be given to the captions of the articles, sections or subsections, all of which are inserted for convenience in locating the provisions of this Agreement and not as an aid in its construction;

(b) no consideration may be given to the fact or presumption that one party had a greater or lesser hand in drafting this Agreement;

 

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(c) examples are not to be construed to limit, expressly or by implication, the matter they illustrate;

(d) the word “includes” and its derivatives means “includes, but is not limited to,” and corresponding derivative expressions;

(e) a defined term has its defined meaning throughout this Agreement and each exhibit and schedule to this Agreement, regardless of whether it appears before or after the place where it is defined;

(f) the meanings of the defined terms are applicable to both the singular and plural forms thereof;

(g) all references to prices, values or monetary amounts refer to United States dollars;

(h) accounting terms not defined in this Agreement, and accounting terms partly defined to the extent not defined, have the respective meanings given to them under GAAP;

(i) all references to articles, sections, subsections, paragraphs, clauses, exhibits or schedules refer to articles, sections, subsections, paragraphs and clauses of this Agreement, and to exhibits or schedules attached to this Agreement, unless expressly provided otherwise;

(j) each exhibit and schedule to this Agreement is a part of this Agreement and references to the term “Agreement” are deemed to include each such exhibit and schedule to this Agreement except to the extent that the context indicates otherwise, but if there is any conflict or inconsistency between the main body of this Agreement and any exhibit or schedule, the provisions of the main body of this Agreement will prevail;

(k) the words “this Agreement,” “herein,” “hereby,” “hereunder,” and words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section, subsection or other subdivision, unless expressly so limited;

(l) all references to “parties,” “the parties hereto” or similar references refer to Greenbrier and Watco, except with respect to Articles III and IX , in which references to the same include the Joint Venture;

(m) the word “or” is disjunctive but not necessarily exclusive;

(n) unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Joint Venture” shall be deemed to refer to the Joint Venture and/or the Operating Subsidiary; and

(o) all references to agreements or Laws are deemed to refer to such agreements or Laws as amended or as in effect at the applicable time.

[Signature page follows]

 

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This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Watco, Greenbrier and the Joint Venture as of the date first above written.

 

WATCO COMPANIES, L.L.C.
By:  

/s/ Rick D. Baden

  Name: Rick D. Baden
  Title: President & Chief Operating Officer
THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.
By:  

/s/ Mark J. Rittenbaum

  Name: Mark J. Rittenbaum
  Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
AND WITH RESPECT TO ARTICLE III AND ARTICLE IX ONLY:
GBW RAILCAR SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.L.C.
By:  

/s/ Jim Cowan

Name: Jim Cowan
Title: Chief Executive Officer

[Signature Page to Contribution Agreement]

Exhibit 10.2

EXECUTION VERSION

AMENDED AND RESTATED

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

OF

GBW RAILCAR SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.L.C.

(a Delaware limited liability company)

THESE MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR

PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ANY STATE SECURITIES ACT

CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERS OF INTERESTS

ARE SET FORTH HEREIN


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE 1

   Definitions      1   

ARTICLE 2

   Organization      1   
  Section 2.1.            Formation      1   
  Section 2.2.            Name, Principal Office      1   
  Section 2.3.            Registered Office and Registered Agent      2   
  Section 2.4.            Purpose, Powers and Business      2   
  Section 2.5.            Outside Activities      2   
  Section 2.6.            Services      3   
  Section 2.7.            Term      3   

ARTICLE 3

   Company Capital      3   
  Section 3.1.            Initial Capital Contributions of the Members      3   
  Section 3.2.            Additional Funding by the Members      4   
  Section 3.3.            Company Capital      6   
  Section 3.4.            Liability of Members      6   
  Section 3.5.            Loans by Members or Affiliates      7   
  Section 3.6.            Capital Accounts      7   
  Section 3.7.            Sharing Ratios      8   
  Section 3.8.            Remedies for Non-payment of Funding Calls      10   

ARTICLE 4

   Board of Managers      14   
  Section 4.1.            Number and Qualifications      14   
  Section 4.2.            Place of Meetings      15   
  Section 4.3.            Annual Meetings      15   
  Section 4.4.            Special Meetings      16   
  Section 4.5.            Actions With or Without a Meeting and Telephone Meetings      16   
  Section 4.6.            Powers of the Board; Officers; Voting      16   
  Section 4.7.            Annual Business Plan      20   
  Section 4.8.            Restrictions on the Powers of Managers Acting Individually      22   
  Section 4.9.            Transaction with Related Parties      22   
  Section 4.10.            Indemnification of Managers      22   
  Section 4.11.            Limitations on Liability of Members and Managers      23   
  Section 4.12.            Officers      24   
  Section 4.13.            Management Meetings to Resolve Disputes      27   

ARTICLE 5

   Allocations and Distributions      28   


 

Section 5.1.

           Distributions      28   
 

Section 5.2.

           Profits, Losses and Distributive Shares of Tax Items      29   
 

Section 5.3.

           Tax Withholding      32   
 

Section 5.4.

           Compliance with Code      33   
 

Section 5.5.

           Basis Adjustment      33   

ARTICLE 6

   Dispositions of Membership Interests      33   
 

Section 6.1.

           Restrictions on Disposition      33   
 

Section 6.2.

           Bankruptcy      34   
 

Section 6.3.

           Foreclosure      36   
 

Section 6.4.

           Change in Control      38   
 

Section 6.5.

           Assignees      40   
 

Section 6.6.

           Additional and Substituted Members      41   
 

Section 6.7.

           Sale-Purchase of Interest Between Members      41   
 

Section 6.8.

           Right of First Offer      43   
 

Section 6.9.

           Tag-Along Rights      44   

ARTICLE 7

   Books and Records; Accounting; Reporting; Tax Elections; Etc.      45   
 

Section 7.1.

           Books and Records; Financial Statements      45   
 

Section 7.2.

           Accounting Basis for Tax Reporting Purposes; Tax Matters Partner      45   
 

Section 7.3.

           Tax Reports      47   
 

Section 7.4.

           Tax Elections      47   

ARTICLE 8

   Dissolution, Liquidation and Termination of the Company      48   
 

Section 8.1.

           Events Requiring Dissolution      48   
 

Section 8.2.

           Liquidation; Sale of Substantially all of the Assets      48   
 

Section 8.3.

           Distributions in Kind      49   
 

Section 8.4.

           Date of Termination      49   
 

Section 8.5.

           Waiver of Partition      49   
 

Section 8.6.

           Certificate of Termination      50   

ARTICLE 9

   Representations and Warranties of the Members      50   
 

Section 9.1.

           Acquisition of Interest for Investment      50   
 

Section 9.2.

           Access to Information      50   
 

Section 9.3.

           No Registration      50   
 

Section 9.4.

           No Obligation to Register      50   


  Section 9.5.            Suitability of Investment      50   
 

Section 9.6.

           No Tax Representations      51   

ARTICLE 10

   Meetings of Members      51   
 

Section 10.1.

           Place of Meetings      51   
 

Section 10.2.

           Meetings of Members      51   
 

Section 10.3.

           Notice of Meetings of Members      51   
 

Section 10.4.

           Quorum      51   
 

Section 10.5.

           Voting on Matters      51   
 

Section 10.6.

           List of Members Entitled to Vote      51   
 

Section 10.7.

           Registered Members      52   
 

Section 10.8.

           Actions With or Without a Meeting and Telephone Meetings      52   

ARTICLE 11

   Miscellaneous Provisions      52   
 

Section 11.1.

           Address for Notices      52   
 

Section 11.2.

           Additional Documents and Acts      53   
 

Section 11.3.

           Applicable Law; Forum; Waiver of Jury Trial      53   
 

Section 11.4.

           Confidentiality      53   
 

Section 11.5.

           Amendments      54   
 

Section 11.6.

           Binding Effect      55   
 

Section 11.7.

           No State-Law Partnership      55   
 

Section 11.8.

           Entire Agreement      55   
 

Section 11.9.

           Severability      55   
 

Section 11.10.

           No Waiver      55   
 

Section 11.11.

           Counterparts      56   
 

Section 11.12.

           Approvals      56   
 

Section 11.13.

           Creditors and Other Third Parties Not Benefited      56   
 

Section 11.14.

           Successors and Assigns      56   
  Section 11.15.            Exhibits and Schedules      56   


Schedule 1

   Names, Addresses, Initial Capital Contributions and Sharing Ratios of the Members

Schedule 2

   List of Managers

Exhibit A

   Glossary; Certain Interpretive Matters

Exhibit B

   Example of Calculation of Sharing Ratios


AMENDED AND RESTATED

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

OF

GBW RAILCAR SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.L.C.

This Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C. (the “ Company ”), dated July 18, 2014 (the “ Effective Date ”), is hereby duly adopted, approved, ratified, and confirmed as the limited liability company agreement of the Company by the Persons signing this Agreement as the Members of the Company.

WHEREAS, the Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company pursuant to a Certificate of Formation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 4, 2014 in accordance with the Act;

WHEREAS, the parties desire to amend and restate in its entirety the Company’s existing Limited Liability Company Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the parties desire to set forth the applicable terms that will apply to the Company as a limited liability company in accordance with the Act.

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE 1

Definitions

All capitalized terms used in this Agreement have the meanings specified herein or in the Glossary attached as Exhibit A . In addition, the interpretive matters set forth in Exhibit A are incorporated herein.

ARTICLE 2

Organization

 

  Section 2.1. Formation.

The Company was formed upon the filing of the Certificate of Formation of the Company with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 4, 2014, pursuant to the Act.

 

  Section 2.2. Name, Principal Office.

The name of the Company is GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C., although the Company’s business may be conducted under any other name that is required by local Law or any other name determined by the Board. The Company will maintain its principal office at the

 

1


address determined by the Board from time to time. The Board may at any time change the location of the Company’s office and may establish additional offices if it deems it advisable. The Board (or the applicable Officer, if authorized by the Board) will promptly give any other Persons written notice of any change in location of the principal office of the Company, to the extent necessary.

 

  Section 2.3. Registered Office and Registered Agent.

The Company’s registered office in the State of Delaware is located at 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware, 19808, New Castle County, and the name of its registered agent at such address for service of process will be Corporation Service Company, or such other registered office or registered agent as the Board may determine from time to time.

 

  Section 2.4. Purpose, Powers and Business.

(a) Purpose . The purposes and character of the business of the Company are to engage in the Business and in any and all activities related or incidental thereto. The Company may engage in the Business through its Subsidiaries.

(b) Powers . The Company will have all powers under the Act that are necessary or desirable to carry out the Business and any and all activities related or incidental thereto. The Company will carry out the foregoing activities pursuant to the arrangements set forth or provided for in this Agreement.

(c) Company’s and Subsidiaries’ Business . The Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ business and affairs are limited to the Business and any and all activities related or incidental thereto.

 

  Section 2.5. Outside Activities.

(a) Other Activities . Subject to Section 2.5(b) , each Member, in its individual capacity or otherwise, and its respective Affiliates, is free to acquire, own, engage in, conduct or participate in any business, activity or opportunity that is outside the scope of the Business, without any accountability, liability, or obligation whatsoever to the Company or to any other Member, and any such Member has no obligation to notify the Company nor the other Members of any such other business, activity, or opportunity that is outside the scope of the Business, and neither the Company nor the Members has any right by virtue of this Agreement or any interests in the Company in or to such other business, activity or opportunity or to any income or profits derived therefrom. Managers and Officers of the Company have no obligation to notify the Company of any business, activity or opportunity that is outside the scope of the Business and the Company has no right to any such other business, activity or opportunity without regard to whether it is presented or offered to, or otherwise learned by, a Manager or Officer in his or her capacity as such or otherwise.

(b) Competitive Activities . Notwithstanding any other provision set forth in this Agreement, each Member agrees that, so long as the Member continues to be a Member of the Company and for a period of two years after the Member ceases to be a Member of the Company (subject to the next sentence of this Section 2.5(b) and to Section 2.6 ), the Member will not (and

 

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will cause each of its Affiliates not to) engage in the Business within the United States, Canada or Mexico. For purposes of this Section 2.5(b) , the Business shall not include (i) the Members or their Affiliates owning, leasing or subleasing any property used in the Business that is leased or subleased to the Company or any Company Subsidiary, or (ii) the Members or their Affiliates providing services (including the services described in Section 2.6 ) to the Company or any Company Subsidiary, and each of such activities described in items (i) and (ii) shall not be considered competitive with the Business. The obligations in this Section 2.5(b) will terminate upon the Bankruptcy or dissolution of the Company.

 

  Section 2.6. Services.

The Members or their Affiliates may provide administrative, commercial, operational, project execution and other services to the Company or any Company Subsidiary from time to time. Any such services will be provided pursuant to the terms of a services agreement to be entered into by the service provider and the Company or the applicable Company Subsidiary.

 

  Section 2.7. Term.

The term of existence of the Company is perpetual, unless the Company is earlier dissolved and wound up in accordance with either the provisions of this Agreement or the Act.

ARTICLE 3

Company Capital

 

  Section 3.1. Initial Capital Contributions of the Members.

In exchange for the Membership Interests, including such Member’s initial Sharing Ratio set forth opposite its name on Schedule 1 , each Member agrees to contribute to the Company (a) cash in the amount set forth on Schedule 1 and (b) certain assets, each in the form, amount, and manner set forth in the Contribution Agreement as the Initial Capital Contribution of such Member as set forth on Schedule 1 . Such Initial Capital Contributions, initial Sharing Ratios and initial Sharing Ratio Accounts of the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, and the Watco Members collectively, on the other hand, shall be equal. As provided for in the Contribution Agreement, each Member commits to contribute to the Company the additional amount set forth on Schedule 1 in cash as an Additional Capital Contribution, within five (5) Business Days after the receipt of a Funding Notice from the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, which Funding Notice will be provided pro rata in accordance with the Member’s Sharing Ratios. In addition (but without duplication of any funding contemplated by the Annual Business Plan), each Member commits, in accordance with its respective Sharing Ratio, to loan to the Company under the Credit Agreement its pro rata share of the funds needed for the Company’s Subsidiary, GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C., to pay its obligations under the Inventory Sale Agreement between GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C. and Millennium Rail, Inc., the Inventory Sale Agreement between GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C. and Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C., and the Inventory Sale Agreement between GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C. and the Greenbrier Member, within five (5) Business Days after the receipt of a Funding Notice from the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, which Funding Notice will be provided to the Members by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer within 180 days after the Effective

 

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Date, provided that a failure to deliver such Funding Notice within such 180 day period shall not relieve the Members of their obligation to fund pursuant to this sentence when such Funding Notice is given.

 

  Section 3.2. Additional Funding by the Members.

(a) Additional Funding . In addition to the Additional Capital Contributions and the loans described in Section 3.1 , each Member agrees to make Additional Capital Contributions and/or loans to the Company, when and as called pursuant to Sections 3.2(b-e) and 5.1(b) (“ Funding Call ”), upon at least five (5) Business Days written notice (“ Funding Notice ”). Except as otherwise provided herein, each Funding Notice will be made proportionate to the Members’ Sharing Ratios and each Member will make Additional Capital Contributions or loans, as applicable, in proportion to the Member’s Sharing Ratio.

(b) Funding Call for Amounts Specified in Annual Business Plan . Except as set forth in Sections 3.2(d) and 3.2(e) , upon approval by the Board of the Annual Business Plan or deemed approval of the Annual Business Plan, each in accordance with Section 4.7 , to the extent Funding Calls are provided for in the Annual Business Plan, the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer shall issue Funding Notices to the Members. To the extent Funding Calls are not specified in the Annual Business Plan, the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer shall issue Funding Notices to the Members consistent with the funding requirements set forth in the Annual Business Plan. If a Member fails to satisfy its obligations under a Funding Notice pursuant to this Section 3.2(b) , then such failure shall give rise to the remedies set forth in Section 3.8(b) , Section 3.8(c) and Section 3.8(d) .

(c) Funding Call Beyond Amounts Specified in Annual Business Plan . Except as set forth in Sections 3.2(d) and 3.2(e) , if the Board authorizes pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) funding in excess of the annual budgeted aggregate amounts provided for in the Annual Business Plan (including the cushion amounts provided for in such Annual Business Plan), the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer shall, as so approved by the Board, issue a Funding Notice to the Members. If a Member fails to satisfy its obligations under a Funding Notice pursuant to this Section 3.2(c) , then such failure shall give rise to the remedies set forth in Section 3.8(b) , Section 3.8(c) and Section 3.8(d) .

(d) Funding Call Where One Member Has Supermajority Vote of the Board and Approves Annual Business Plan Over Objection . If either the Greenbrier Member, on one hand, or the Watco Members acting jointly, on the other hand, hold a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios, and the Board approves the Annual Business Plan over the objection of the Managers representing a Member or Members holding the minority of the Sharing Ratios, then to the extent Funding Calls are provided for in the Annual Business Plan, the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer shall issue Funding Notices to the Members, and to the extent Funding Calls are not specified in the Annual Business Plan, the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer shall issue Funding Notices to the Members consistent with the funding requirements set forth in the Annual Business Plan. Upon receipt of such Funding Notice(s), the Member or Members holding a minority of the Sharing Ratios shall only be required pursuant to this Section 3.2(d) to fund pursuant to such Funding Notice(s) in the aggregate amounts equal to the funding which was required to be committed by such

 

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Member or Members specified in the previous Annual Business Plan most recently in effect (and in accordance with the then current Sharing Ratios of the Member(s) as of the date of the Funding Notice), less any amounts for growth capital expenditures, less any one time amounts for specific projects, purchases, acquisitions or other matters, less any other special or non-recurring items, and less amounts authorized by the Board pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) . Upon receipt of such Funding Notice(s), the Member or Members holding a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios shall have the right to fund pursuant to such Funding Notice(s) issued in accordance with this Section 3.2(d) any amounts between the amount to be funded by such Member provided in such Funding Notice(s) and the aggregate amounts equal to the funding which was required to be committed by such Member or Members specified in the previous Annual Business Plan most recently in effect (and in accordance with the then current Sharing Ratios of the Member(s) as of the date of the Funding Notice), less any amounts for growth capital expenditures, less any one time amounts for specific projects, purchases, acquisitions or other matters, less any other special or non-recurring items and less amounts authorized by the Board pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) . In addition, such Member or Members holding a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios shall have the right, but not the obligation, to fund any additional amounts up to the total amount of the Funding Call less the amount required to be funded by the Member or Members holding a minority of the Sharing Ratios. To the extent the Member or Members holding a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios fund an amount in excess of the amount funded by such Member or Members provided in such Funding Notice(s) issued pursuant to this Section 3.2(d) for matters contemplated by the Annual Business Plan as approved pursuant to this Section 3.2(d) and without giving effect to any subsequent amendment to such Annual Business Plan, this excess amount will be considered a loan to the Company under the Credit Agreement at the rate of interest then applicable in the Credit Agreement. If a Member fails to satisfy its obligations under a Funding Notice pursuant to this Section 3.2(d) , then such failure shall give rise to the remedies set forth in Section 3.8(b) , Section 3.8(c) and Section 3.8(d) .

(e) Funding Call Where One Member Has Supermajority Vote of the Board and Approves Funding Call Beyond the Annual Business Plan Over Objection . If either the Greenbrier Member, on one hand, or the Watco Members acting jointly, on the other hand, hold a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios, and the Board authorizes pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) funding in excess of the aggregate amounts provided for in the Annual Business Plan as approved pursuant to Section 3.2(d) (without giving effect to any subsequent amendment to such Annual Business Plan) or for matters not contemplated by such Annual Business Plan, over the objection of the Board members representing a Member or Members holding a minority of the Sharing Ratios, the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer shall, as so approved by the Board, issue a Funding Notice to the Members. If a Member fails to satisfy its obligations under a Funding Notice pursuant to this Section 3.2(e) , then such failure shall give rise to the remedies set forth in Section 3.8(b) , Section 3.8(c) and Section 3.8(d) .

(f) Funding by a Member if the Board Does Not Approve Additional Funding . If the Chief Executive Officer reasonably determines that the Company needs funding beyond the amounts provided for in the Annual Business Plan, and the Board does not approve such additional funding pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) , any Member may elect to fund such amount by making a loan to the Company under the Credit Agreement at the rate of interest then applicable in the Credit Agreement, and the Company shall repay such loan to such Member in accordance

 

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with the Credit Agreement, provided the principal amounts of all loans made pursuant to this Section 3.2(f) will be subordinate to all other loans under the Credit Agreement (but will rank pari passu with respect to other loans funded pursuant to this Section 3.2(f) ) and the Company will not make any principal payments (but will make interest payments) on any loan under this Section 3.2(f) until such time as all other loans under the Credit Agreement have been paid in full.

(g) Funding by Members . The Watco Members shall be jointly and severally liable for all loans and Capital Contributions required to be made by the Watco Members. The Watco Members may allocate between themselves all Additional Capital Contributions and loans, and will not be required to make contributions or loans strictly in accordance with their respective Sharing Ratios, provided the Watco Members collectively shall make all Additional Capital Contributions and loans in accordance with their collective Sharing Ratios. If there is more than one Greenbrier Member, the Greenbrier Members shall be jointly and severally liable for all loans and Capital Contributions required to be made by the Greenbrier Members. The Greenbrier Members may allocate between themselves all Additional Capital Contributions and loans, and will not be required to make contributions or loans strictly in accordance with their respective Sharing Ratios, provided the Greenbrier Members collectively shall make all Additional Capital Contributions and loans in accordance with their collective Sharing Ratios.

(h) Funding Notices . A Funding Notice will: (i) be in the form of a written notice to the Members; (ii) specify the particular section and subsection of this Agreement under which the Funding Notice is being given; (iii) specify the purpose of the Funding Notice and a general description of the anticipated use of the proceeds; (iv) specify whether the funding required will be a loan or an Additional Capital Contribution; (v) specify the date of such funding, which shall be at least five (5) Business Days after the Funding Notice is received by the Member; (vi) set forth each Member’s Sharing Ratio and the share of the loan or Additional Capital Contributions required to be made by each Member; and (vii) specify any unpaid amounts owed by each Member to the Company pursuant to previous Funding Calls (separately for both loans and Additional Capital Contributions) as of the date of the Funding Notice.

 

  Section 3.3. Company Capital.

(a) No Member will be paid interest on any Capital Contribution to the Company.

(b) No Member has the right to withdraw all or any part of its Capital Contribution or, except as expressly provided for herein, to receive any return on any portion of its Capital Contribution.

(c) Under circumstances involving any Distribution, no Member has the right to receive property other than cash.

 

  Section 3.4. Liability of Members.

(a) No Member will be liable for the debts, liabilities, contracts or any other obligation of the Company or any Company Subsidiary, except to the extent expressly provided for in the Act or pursuant to the terms of any guaranty provided by a Member. No Member is liable for the debts, liabilities, contracts or any other obligations of any other Member.

 

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(b) No Member is required to contribute to the capital of, or loan, the Company or any Company Subsidiary any funds other than as expressly required in this Agreement.

(c) No Member will be liable for the return of all or any portion of the Capital Contributions of any other Member.

 

  Section 3.5. Loans by Members or Affiliates.

The Members hereby ratify and approve the Credit Agreement and all loans made pursuant to this Agreement. All loans made hereunder by a Member to the Company will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement and this Agreement. Except pursuant to the Credit Agreement or as otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement, the Company and its Subsidiaries may not borrow from, lend to, or provide guarantees on behalf of, any Member or its Affiliates; provided, however , that a Member holding a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios may require the Company to become a guarantor under any indenture, credit agreement or similar arrangement of such Member or such Member’s Affiliate to the extent obligated to do so under such indenture, credit agreement or similar arrangement. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no Member will be required to make a loan to the Company to the extent such Member is not required to make a loan under the Credit Agreement due to the occurrence of an “Event of Default” (as defined in the Credit Agreement); so long as Section 4.3 of the Credit Agreement does not apply to such Member.

 

  Section 3.6. Capital Accounts.

(a) A Capital Account will be established and maintained for each Member. The initial Capital Account balance of each Member will equal the Book Value of such Member’s Initial Capital Contribution as made in accordance with the Contribution Agreement and as set forth on Schedule 1 .

(b) A Member’s Capital Account will be increased (i) by (A) the amount of cash and the initial Book Value of any property contributed by the Member to the Company as a Capital Contribution pursuant to this Article 3 , (B) the Member’s allocable share of Profits, income and gain, and (C) the amount of any liabilities of the Company that are expressly assumed by the Member or that are secured by any Company property distributed to the Member, and (ii) as provided for in Section 3.2 .

(c) A Member’s Capital Account will be decreased by (i) the amount of cash and the Book Value of any Company property distributed to the Member pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, (ii) the Member’s allocable share of Losses, deductions and other losses, and (iii) the amount of any liabilities of the Member that are expressly assumed by the Company or that are secured by any property contributed by the Member to the Company.

(d) Upon the occurrence of certain events described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) as set forth in the definition of Book Value, the Board will increase or decrease the Capital Accounts of the Members to reflect a revaluation of Company property on the Company’s books.

 

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(e) The Capital Account of each Member will be determined after giving effect to all transactions that have been effected prior to the time when such determination is made giving rise to the allocation of Profits and Losses, including all contributions and Distributions. Any Person who acquires a Membership Interest directly from a Member will have a Capital Account that includes all or part, as the case may be, of the Capital Account balance of the Membership Interest so acquired or transferred. Any Member that Disposes of a Membership Interest shall have its Capital Account decreased by the amount so transferred pursuant to such Disposition.

(f) If any Member or any of its Affiliates makes a loan to the Company (including loans governed by the Credit Agreement), such loan will not be considered a contribution to the capital of the Company and will not increase the Capital Account of the lending Member. Repayment of such loans will not be deemed withdrawals from the capital of the Company.

(g) Any fees, salary or similar compensation payable to a Member (including under the Master Real Property Lease Agreements, the Master Personal Property Lease Agreements, the Services Agreement, the Secondment Agreement, the Inventory Sale Agreements, the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement or the Tucson Facility Services Agreement) will be deemed a payment to a Member other than in its capacity as a Member pursuant to Code Section 707(a) or a guaranteed payment pursuant to Code Section 707(c) for federal income tax purposes, and not a Distribution to such Member for such purposes. Such payments to a Member will not reduce the Capital Account of the Member, except to the extent of its distributive share of any Company Losses or other downward capital adjustment resulting from such payment.

(h) From time to time the Board may make such modifications to the manner in which the Capital Accounts are computed to comply with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2, provided that such modification is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the amounts allocable for federal income tax purposes or distributable (whether or not in liquidation) to any Member pursuant to this Agreement.

(i) The foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2, and will be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Treasury Regulations.

(j) No Member with a deficit balance in its Capital Account will have any obligation to the Company or any other Member to restore such deficit balance. In addition, a deficit Capital Account balance of a Member (or a deficit capital account of a venturer, member or partner in a Member) will not be deemed to be a Company asset or Company property.

Section 3.7. Sharing Ratios and Sharing Ratio Accounts .

(a) A “ Sharing Ratio Account ” will be established and maintained for each Member and the sole purpose of such Sharing Ratio Account will be to determine the Sharing Ratios of

 

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the Members. The initial Sharing Ratio Account balance of each Member will equal the Book Value of such Member’s Initial Capital Contribution as made in accordance with the Contribution Agreement and as set forth on Schedule 1 . The initial Sharing Ratio Account balances of the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, and the sum of the initial Sharing Ratio Account balances of the Watco Members collectively, on the other hand, shall be equal to each other and the initial Sharing Ratios of the Members shall be as set forth on Schedule 1 . A Member’s Sharing Ratio Account will be increased or decreased as provided in this Section 3.7 .

(b) For purposes of determining or re-determining a Member’s Sharing Ratio, such Member’s Sharing Ratio shall be the percentage that results from taking such Member’s Sharing Ratio Account that exists at the time of such determination or re-determination and dividing it by the sum of the Sharing Ratio Accounts of all of the Members that exist at such time. A Member’s “ Allocable Share ” for purposes of this Section 3.7 is determined by multiplying such Member’s Sharing Ratio times the item to be determined.

(c) A Member’s Sharing Ratio Account will be increased for (i) the amount of any Additional Capital Contribution actually contributed or deemed to be contributed to the Company by the Member pursuant to any provision of this Agreement (including a Non-Funding Member Capital Amount pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(1) , an Additional Capital Contribution by a Non-Funding Member as described in Section 3.8(d) , or pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(2) by a Funding Member), (ii) the Member’s Allocable Share of the Company’s earnings as determined in accordance with GAAP, and (iii) the Member’s Allocable Share of such other increases to the Company’s equity accounts as determined in accordance with GAAP. For the sake of clarity, the amount of Additional Capital Contributions made or deemed to be made pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(2) for purposes of this Section 3.7 will be made or will be deemed to have been made at either two (2) times or one (1) times the amount contributed as provided for in Section 3.8(b)(2) .

(d) A Member’s Sharing Ratio Account will be decreased by (i) the amount of Distributions distributed to the Member pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, (ii) the amount deemed transferred by the Company to the Non-Funding Member pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(2)(ii) as result of the extinguishment of a Non-Funding Member Capital Amount, (iii) the Member’s Allocable Share of the Company’s Losses as determined in accordance with GAAP, and (iv) the Member’s Allocable Share of such other decreases to the Company’s equity accounts as determined in accordance with GAAP.

(e) The Sharing Ratio of each Member will be determined or re-determined from time to time if any of the following events occurs and after considering the effect of such items on the Sharing Ratio Accounts: (i) any redemption by the Company of Membership Interests; (ii) any Distribution to the Members which is not made in accordance with the then Sharing Ratios of the Members (other than a disproportionate Distribution made pursuant to Section 5.1(c) ); (iii) any funding by a Member of an Additional Capital Contribution which is not made in accordance with the then Sharing Ratios of the Members; (iv) any funding by a Member of an Additional Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.1 or Section 3.2 where another Member does not fund its respective Additional Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.1 or Section 3.2 ; and (v) any funding by a Member of an Additional Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.2(d) or Section 3.8(d) . For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the foregoing, the funding of the entire Shortfall Amount of an Additional Capital Contribution by a Funding Member on

 

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behalf of a Non-Funding Member pursuant to clause (z) of the second sentence of Section 3.8(b)(1) is considered to have been made by the Non-Funding Member and therefore is not a determination or re-determination event until such time as the Funding Member converts the Funding Member Loan into an Additional Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(2) . Any determination or re-determination of the Sharing Ratios shall take into account when computing the Sharing Ratio Accounts all transactions that have been effected since the previous determination or re-determination of the Sharing Ratios. Adjustments to a Member’s Sharing Ratio will be made on the date of the occurrence causing such adjustment. The adjustments to be made to the Sharing Ratio Accounts pursuant to clauses (ii) and (iii) of the first sentence of Section 3.7(c) and clauses (ii) and (iii) of Section 3.7(d) shall be made after considering the activity that has occurred since the previous determination or re-determination for all intervening periods and partial periods using a “closing of the books” method and a monthly convention with a daily pro-ration.

(f) Any Person who acquires a Membership Interest directly from a Member by means of a Disposition to it of all (in the case of a complete Disposition) or part (in the case of a partial Disposition) of the Membership Interest of another Member will have a Sharing Ratio Account that includes all or part (as the case may be) of the Sharing Ratio Account of the Membership Interest so acquired or transferred (as adjusted pursuant to this Section 3.7 ). Any Member who Disposes of a Membership Interest shall have its Sharing Ratio Account decreased by such Disposition and will have a Sharing Ratio Account that excludes the amount of the Sharing Ratio Account so transferred. Appropriate adjustments will also be made to the Sharing Ratios and the Allocable Shares of such Members. In the event of a disproportionate redemption of a Member’s Membership Interest, the Member whose Membership Interest is redeemed will have its Sharing Ratio Account reduced proportionately to the Member’s Membership Interest so redeemed relative to such Member’s total Membership Interest owned immediately before such redemption.

(g) No Member with a deficit balance in its Sharing Ratio Account will have any obligation to the Company or any other Member to restore such deficit balance. A deficit Sharing Ratio Account balance shall be deemed to equal zero for purposes of calculating a Member’s Sharing Ratio and Allocable Share. In addition, a deficit Sharing Ratio Account balance of a Member will not be deemed to be a Company asset or Company property.

(h) Schedule 1 shall be amended from time to time by the Board to reflect any adjustments to the Sharing Ratios as provided in this Section 3.7 as of the date that such adjustment occurred. All adjustments to the Sharing Ratios shall be made to the nearest 1/100 of a percentage ( i.e. , 0.01%). Exhibit B illustrates the intended operation of this Section 3.7 when an adjustment to the Sharing Ratios of the Members is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  Section 3.8. Remedies for Non-payment of Funding Calls Pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) , Section 3.2(d) or Section 3.2(e) .

(a) If the Greenbrier Member (after applying Section 3.2(g) ), on the one hand, or the Watco Members (after applying Section 3.2(g) ), on the other hand (whether the Greenbrier Member or the Watco Members, the “ Non-Funding Member ”) fails to fund the amount required

 

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to be funded by it under a Funding Notice pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) , Section 3.2(d) or Section 3.2(e) , and such failure continues for more than five (5) Business Days after the deadline for funding identified in such Funding Notice (the “ Funding Deadline ”) ( provided , however , no other cure period provided for in this Agreement shall extend the Funding Deadline), then the Watco Members acting jointly, on the one hand, or the Greenbrier Member, on the other hand, if such Member(s) has fully funded the amount required to be funded under such Funding Notice by the Funding Deadline (the “ Funding Member ”), may, in its sole and absolute discretion, either (1) fund up to the difference between the amount required to be funded by the Non-Funding Member under such Funding Notice and the amount actually funded under such Funding Notice, if any, by the Non-Funding Member (the “ Shortfall Amount ”) as set forth in Section 3.8(b) or (2) to the extent the Funding Member does not elect to fund the entire Shortfall Amount, seek the remedy provided in Section 3.8(c) .

(b) Upon the failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded by it under a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) , Section 3.2(d) or Section 3.2(e) , the Funding Member may, only after the Funding Deadline, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to cure all or a portion of the Shortfall Amount through the following process and in the order specified below:

(1) Loan . The Funding Member may make an advance on behalf of the Non-Funding Member to the Company up to the amount of the Shortfall Amount. The amount advanced will be deemed to be (i) a loan from the Funding Member to the Non-Funding Member which loan shall accrue interest at the Default Interest Rate (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) or Section 3.2(d) ) or at the interest rate applicable in the Credit Agreement (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(e) ) (the “ Funding Member Loan ”), followed by (ii) the type of funding to the Company required by the Funding Notice as either (y) a loan to the Company by the Non-Funding Member which loan shall be deemed to be a loan under the Credit Agreement and accrue interest at the rate provided for in, and be payable pursuant to, the Credit Agreement (a “ Non-Funding Member Loan ”) or (z) an Additional Capital Contribution to the Company by the Non-Funding Member (a “ Non-Funding Member Capital Amount ”), as the case may be. The principal balance of the Funding Member Loan and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon will be due and payable by the Non-Funding Member on the 60th day after the date the Funding Member Loan is made; provided , that the Non-Funding Member may elect to pay any or all of the Funding Member Loan (including all interest accrued and unpaid thereon) at any time during which the Funding Member Loan is outstanding ( i.e ., during such 60-day period or any period thereafter prior to the actual conversion described in Section 3.8(b)(2) ) by providing written notice of such intention to the Funding Member of an election to repay the Funding Member Loan and paying in each case by wire transfer of immediately available funds (with all such payments being applied first to interest earned and unpaid and then to principal). Subject to Section 3.8(e) below, all Distributions, rents, interest and principal payments (but excluding service charges and fees under services agreements ( e.g ., service charges and fees under the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement and the Services

 

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Agreements, each entered into on the Effective Date)) from the Company or its Subsidiaries that would otherwise be made to the Non-Funding Member (whether before or after dissolution of the Company and whether pursuant to this Agreement, a lease or the Credit Agreement) will, instead, be paid to the Funding Member as payment on the Funding Member Loan until such time as the Funding Member Loan (including all interest accrued and unpaid thereon) has been repaid in full (with all such payments being applied first to interest earned and unpaid and then to principal). Any such payment to the Funding Member will be deemed for all purposes as if the cash had first been distributed or paid to the Non-Funding Member as a Distribution, or payment of rent, interest or principal, as the case may be, and the Non-Funding Member then paid such cash to the Funding Member as a payment on the Funding Member Loan. If the Funding Member Loan (including interest) has not been paid in full on or before the 60th day after the date the Funding Member Loan is made, the Funding Member may, upon ten (10) days’ prior notice, which notice may be given no earlier than the day following such 60 th day, to the Non-Funding Member (during which period the Non-Funding Member may repay in full the Funding Member Loan (including all interest accrued and unpaid thereon)), either demand immediate payment of the Funding Member Loan or convert the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan (including all interest accrued and unpaid thereon) into an Additional Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(2) below. Unless the Funding Member has elected to convert the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan into an Additional Capital Contribution to the Company as described in Section 3.8(b)(2) below, the Funding Member may take any action (including the filing of a lawsuit) and exercise any other rights and remedies available at law or in equity as deemed appropriate to obtain payment by the Non-Funding Member of the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan, together with interest thereon at a rate equal to the Default Interest Rate (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the minimum amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) or Section 3.2(d) ) or the interest rate applicable in the Credit Agreement (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(e) ) from the date the Funding Member Loan is made, at the sole cost and expense of the Non-Funding Member (including the reimbursement of reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by the Funding Member in connection with pursuing such action).

(2) Additional Capital Contribution . If the Funding Member has elected to convert the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan (including all accrued and unpaid interest) as of the date of conversion into an Additional Capital Contribution to the Company, immediately prior to such conversion the Company will pay all accrued and unpaid interest on the loan, if applicable, by the Non-Funding Member to the Company described in clause (y) of the second sentence of Section 3.8(b)(1) , which interest payment will be applied to the Funding Member Loan (including accrued and unpaid interest) and such remaining amount shall be deemed to be (i) an Additional Capital Contribution by the Funding Member for such amount and (ii) an increase in the Funding Member’s Sharing Ratio Account under clause (i) of the first sentence of Section 3.7(c) for an amount equal to two (2) times (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding

 

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Member to fund the minimum amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) or Section 3.2(d) ) or one (1) times (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(e) ) the amount of the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan. Upon the conversion by the Funding Member of the balance of the Funding Member Loan (as described in the first sentence of this Section 3.8(b)(2) ) to an Additional Capital Contribution, the following transfers will be deemed to have occurred:

(i) the Funding Member Loan will be canceled and the Funding Member will be deemed to have made an Additional Capital Contribution to the Company for purposes of determining its Sharing Ratio Account equal to two (2) times (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the minimum amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) or Section 3.2(d) ) or one (1) times (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(e) ) the sum of the remaining balance of the Funding Member Loan and all interest accrued and unpaid thereon (the “ Funding Member Deemed Capital Contribution ”), and for purposes of the Funding Member’s Capital Account such Member will be deemed to have made an Additional Capital Contribution of one (1) times such amount;

(ii) the Company will be deemed to have transferred to the Non-Funding Member an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the principal balance on the Non-Funding Member Loan (at which time the Non-Funding Member Loan will be extinguished) or the Non-Funding Member Capital Amount (at which time the Non-Funding Member Capital Amount will be extinguished), whichever is applicable pursuant to clause (ii) of the second sentence of Section 3.8(b)(1) , and (B) an amount equal to the amount treated as contributed for Capital Account purposes in clause (i); and

(iii) the Non-Funding Member will be deemed to have made an Additional Capital Contribution to the Company for Capital Account purposes (but for purposes of determining its Sharing Ratio Account, such amount shall not be considered an Additional Capital Contribution) for the excess, if any, of the Non-Funding Member Loan or the Non-Funding Member Capital Amount, as the case may be, over the amount the Company was deemed to have paid to the Non-Funding Member in clause (ii) of this Section 3.8(b)(2) .

Schedule 1 will be amended to reflect the appropriate adjustments to the Sharing Ratios as described in Section 3.7(h) .

(c) Alternatively (and provided that there is no duplication of any remedies awarded), the Funding Member may choose, in its sole and absolute discretion, to cause the Company to take (and is authorized to act on behalf and in the name of the Company in that regard) such action (including the filing of a lawsuit) and to exercise any other rights and remedies available

 

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at law or in equity as deemed appropriate to obtain payment by the Non-Funding Member of the Shortfall Amount (less amounts cured by the Funding Member as described above), together with interest thereon at a rate equal to the Default Interest Rate (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) or Section 3.2(d) ) or the interest rate applicable in the Credit Agreement (in the case of a failure of the Non-Funding Member to fund the amount required to be funded pursuant to the issuance of a Funding Notice issued pursuant to Section 3.2(e) ) from the Funding Deadline. The Company shall be entitled to receive reasonable legal fees and expenses in connection with pursuing such action.

(d) To the extent that the Funding Member elects not to fund all of a Shortfall Amount pursuant to Section 3.8(b) , subject to Section 3.8(e) , all Distributions, rents, interest and principal payments (but excluding service charges and fees under services agreements ( e.g ., service charges and fees under the Employment Transition and Management Services Agreement and the Services Agreements, each entered into on the Effective Date)) from the Company or its Subsidiaries that would otherwise be paid to the Non-Funding Member (whether before or after dissolution of the Company and whether pursuant to this Agreement, a lease or the Credit Agreement) will instead be withheld from the Non-Funding Member by the Company and will be applied to the Shortfall Amount (in the form of unfunded loans or unfunded Additional Capital Contributions (as applicable depending on the type of funding to the Company required by the Funding Notice) which constitute the Shortfall Amount) until such withheld amounts are equal to the Shortfall Amount not so funded by the Funding Member, and such withheld amounts will be treated on the books of the Company as funded loans or Additional Capital Contributions (as applicable depending on the type of funding to the Company required by the Funding Notice).

(e) To the extent there is a Funding Member Loan to a Non-Funding Member and the Non-Funding Member also has an unpaid Shortfall Amount not completely funded by the Funding Member as described in Section 3.8(d) , then all Distributions, rents, interest and principal payments that are withheld from the Non-Funding Member pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(1) or Section 3.8(d) shall be applied first to accrued and unpaid interest on the Funding Member Loan pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(1) . Thereafter, any remaining Distributions, rents, interest and principal payments shall be applied pro rata between the unpaid balance of the Funding Member Loan and the unpaid Shortfall Amount then outstanding.

ARTICLE 4

Board of Managers

 

  Section 4.1. Number and Qualifications.

(a) Subject to Section 4.6 and any approval rights contained in the Act, the powers of the Company will be exercised by or under the authority of, and the Business and affairs of the Company will be managed under the direction of, a board of Managers (the “ Board ”). Managers need not be Members or residents of the State of Delaware. The Managers appointed by the Greenbrier Member and the Managers appointed by the Watco Members will alternate every other fiscal year in selecting one Manager to serve as the Chairman of the Board; provided , however , that during any fiscal year in which the Chief Executive Officer is an employee, agent,

 

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independent contractor or Affiliate of one of the Members, the other Member(s) will select one of its Managers to serve as the Chairman of the Board (it being acknowledged by the Members that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer as of the Effective Date is an employee of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and as such the Watco Members (without limiting the generality of this proviso) will appoint the Chairman until the end of the fiscal year in which such individual no longer serves as Chief Executive Officer or is no longer an employee of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., whichever comes first; provided , further , that if a Member or Members hold at least a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios, then such Member or Members will appoint the Chairman until such time as such Member or Members cease to hold a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios regardless of whether the Chief Executive Officer is an employee, agent, independent contractor or Affiliate of such Member. The Chairman will preside at meetings and generally manage the administrative affairs of the Board.

(b) The Board will consist of four Managers. The Greenbrier Member may, for so long as it remains a Member of the Company, appoint two Managers to the Board. The Watco Members (acting together and not individually) may, for so long as one of them remains a Member of the Company, appoint two Managers to the Board. The Managers will vote on matters as provided in Section 4.6 . The Member(s) appointing any Manager may remove such appointed Manager (if the Member appointing any Manager ceases to be a Member, then any such Manager will be deemed removed effective as of the time that the Member ceases to be a Member). Upon the death, resignation or removal of any Manager, his or her appointing Member(s) may, but are not required to, appoint a successor Manager. The Members may appoint permanent or substitute Manager(s) with full voting power, provided , however , in no event shall the Greenbrier Member, for so long as it remains a Member of the Company, appoint more than two Managers to the Board and in no event shall the Watco Members (acting together and not individually), for so long as one of them remains a Member of the Company, appoint more than two Managers to the Board.

(c) The initial Managers of the Company are set forth on Schedule 2 .

(d) Upon request, the Managers will allow a reasonable number of individuals who are Affiliates of a Member to attend meetings of the Board as observers, and will allow these individuals access to the materials distributed to the Board. Any such observer shall be bound by Section 11.4 .

 

  Section 4.2. Place of Meetings.

All meetings of the Board will be held at such time and place either within or without the State of Delaware (but must be held in the United States), as is from time to time determined by the Board or the Manager calling the meeting.

 

  Section 4.3. Annual Meetings.

The Board will have an annual meeting on the third Thursday of the month of September each year, unless the Board selects a different day during such year.

 

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  Section 4.4. Special Meetings.

Special meetings of the Board may be called at any time by any Manager with at least 48 hours personal or written notice to each of the other Managers, or such shorter time upon the written consent of all of the Managers. Any notice required pursuant to this Section 4.4 shall state the purpose or purposes of such meeting (although the items approved need not be limited to the purpose or purposes listed in the notice of the meeting if all of the Managers approve such items).

 

  Section 4.5. Actions With or Without a Meeting and Telephone Meetings.

Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Agreement, all actions of the Board provided for herein will be taken either at a meeting and evidenced by written minutes thereof executed by the Chairman or the Secretary or by written consent without a meeting. Any meeting of the Board may be held by telephone conference by means of which all Persons participating in the meeting can hear or otherwise communicate with each other, and participation in such a meeting will constitute presence in person at such meeting. At any regular or special meeting of the Board, the Company will make provisions for any Manager who desires to attend such meeting via teleconference. Any action that may be taken by the Board without a meeting will be effective only if the written consent (or consents) sets forth the action so taken, and is signed by the Managers holding not less than the minimum Sharing Ratio necessary to take such action. If any action or decision permitted by this Agreement to be taken or made by less than all of the Managers is taken or made by a written consent signed by less than all of the Managers, the Company will, on the day such action is taken or such decision is made, give written notice of the action taken or the decision made to the Manager(s) who did not sign the written consent.

 

  Section 4.6. Powers of the Board; Officers; Voting.

(a) (i) Power of the Board . Except as provided in this Agreement, to the fullest extent permitted by the Act, the Board has full, exclusive and complete discretion to manage and control the affairs of the Company, will make all decisions affecting the Business, will have full authority to take any action contemplated hereby and will have full power to exercise any and all rights generally inferred or conferred by Law in connection therewith, including the establishment, modification and amendment of all operating guidelines, policies and procedures of the Company.

(ii) Member Vote . The following items are specifically reserved to be decided by a Supermajority vote of the Members in accordance with Section 10.5 :

(1) the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company or any Subsidiary, or a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in any transaction or series of related transactions;

(2) the Company or any Subsidiary constituting 20% or more of the combined assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries entering into any consolidation, merger or amalgamation with or into any other Entity;

 

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(3) the Company or any Subsidiary petitioning for Bankruptcy or insolvency protection;

(4) the Company or any Subsidiary engaging in a registered public offering or granting registration rights to any Person;

(5) redeeming the Membership Interests of a Member;

(6) the conversion of the Company into a different form of Entity;

(7) the change of the status of the Company from one in which management is vested in the Board to one in which management is vested in the Members;

(8) without limiting anything in Section 11.5 , amending, altering, or repealing any provision of the Certificate of Formation or this Agreement;

(9) issuing any Membership Interests other than as specifically set forth herein; and

(10) admitting any new Member to the Company.

(b) Officers . As set forth in Section 4.12 , the Board may appoint a Chief Executive Officer, a President (if any) and a Chief Financial Officer of the Company, and the Chief Executive Officer and the President (if any) of the Company may appoint additional subordinate Officers of the Company with such titles, authority and rights as the Chief Executive Officer or the President determines from time to time to supervise or arrange for the supervision of day-to-day operations of the Company.

(c) Voting . For purposes of voting by the Board, the Managers appointed by the Greenbrier Member will vote as a single unit, and the Managers appointed by the Watco Members will vote as a single unit. Votes will be weighted in accordance with the Sharing Ratio of the Member(s) appointing the Managers. Unless expressly stated otherwise in this Agreement, all actions by or requiring the consent or approval of the Board require the consent or approval of the Managers voting a majority of the Sharing Ratios.

(1) With respect to any decisions (including the amendment of, granting of a waiver under, instituting litigation under or declaring a default by the Company or any Subsidiary) relating to any agreement ( e.g ., a services agreement) or other arrangement between the Company or any Subsidiary, on the one hand, and any Member or any of the Member’s Affiliates, on the other hand (each an “ Affiliate Transaction ”), the Managers appointed by such Member will not have a vote, and a unanimous vote of the Managers appointed by the Member(s) not party to such Affiliate Transaction shall be required to approve such Affiliate Transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if either the Greenbrier Member or the Watco Members, acting jointly, hold a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios, the Managers appointed by the Member or Members holding a Supermajority of the Sharing Ratios may approve any Affiliate Transactions involving such Member or its Affiliates, provided that such transactions shall be on terms which are

 

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substantially no less favorable to the Company or the applicable Subsidiary of the Company than those which would be obtainable by the Company or the Subsidiary at the time in a comparable arm’s length transaction with an Independent Third Party.

(2) With respect to any decisions relating to a determination of whether or not a breach by a Member has occurred under the Credit Agreement, or any similar matter under or with respect to the Credit Agreement, the Managers appointed by the Member or its Affiliate that may have breached the Credit Agreement will not have a vote, and a unanimous vote of the Managers appointed by the Member(s) not alleged to have breached the Credit Agreement shall be required to approve such declaration.

(3) So long as the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, and the Watco Members, on the other hand, each have a Sharing Ratio of 50%, on any matter submitted to the Board, the Managers appointed by the Greenbrier Member will have a 50% vote, and the Managers appointed by the Watco Members will have a 50% vote. If, for any reason, the Managers appointed by a Member cannot agree on an action to be taken by the Board or such Managers are not available for a vote and did not give a proxy pursuant to Section 4.6(e) or permanent or substitute Managers have not been appointed as replacements, such Managers will be deemed to have voted against such action.

(d) Supermajority Voting . Without limiting the other provisions of this Agreement, the consent or approval of the Managers voting a Supermajority will be required for the items set forth below (unless such item is contemplated by the Annual Business Plan):

(1) the Company or any Subsidiary making any investment other than investments in prime commercial paper, money market funds, certificates of deposit in any United States bank having a senior obligations or institutional rating of “A” or higher by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating by Moody’s or Fitch’s, or obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States of America, in each case having a maturity not in excess of two years;

(2) the Company or any Subsidiary having at any one time outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money or capital leases in excess of $500,000 in the aggregate other than pursuant to the Credit Agreement;

(3) the Company or any Subsidiary pledging or encumbering any assets other than pursuant to the Credit Agreement or allowing to exist any Encumbrance other than Permitted Liens (as such term is defined in the Contribution Agreement);

(4) approving or amending the Annual Business Plan;

(5) except as provided in Section 3.2(f) , authorizing funding in excess of annual budgeted aggregate amounts provided for in the Annual Business Plan (after taking into account the cushion amount set forth therein);

(6) approving any Distribution to the Members in excess of the Target Distribution Amount;

 

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(7) the Company or any Subsidiary commencing any litigation other than litigation (a) in the ordinary course of business and (b) involving claims not in excess of $500,000 (except litigation covered by Section 4.6(c)(1) );

(8) selecting or replacing the Company’s auditors;

(9) approving the operation of any business by the Company or any Subsidiary outside the United States or Canada;

(10) establishing or changing tax elections or methods of tax accounting;

(11) except as provided in the last two sentences of Section 3.1 or in Section 3.8(b)(2) , approving any Additional Capital Contribution or loan under the Credit Agreement;

(12) except as limited by item 17 below and other than the acquisition of Greenbrier Rail Services Canada Inc., the Company or any Subsidiary acquiring in any single or series of related transactions any business, properties or assets other than in the ordinary course of business or involving an aggregate purchase price of less than $500,000;

(13) except pursuant to the Master Real Property Lease Agreements or the Master Personal Property Lease Agreements, each entered into on the Effective Date, the Company or any Subsidiary leasing in any single or series of related transactions any properties or assets with aggregate lease payments in excess of $500,000;

(14) the Company creating any Subsidiary other than GBW Railcar Services, L.L.C.;

(15) the amendment of any of the organizational documents of any Subsidiary (other than a change in the registered agent);

(16) the amendment of any of the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Contribution Agreement);

(17) the Company or any Subsidiary making any loan or advance to, or owning any equity interest or other securities of, any Subsidiary or other Entity unless it is wholly-owned by the Company or one of the Company’s wholly-owned Subsidiaries;

(18) the Company or any Subsidiary guaranteeing any indebtedness except for trade accounts of the Company or any wholly-owned Subsidiary arising in the ordinary course of business;

(19) the Company or any Subsidiary entering into new lines of business, or exiting the current Business;

 

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(20) the Company or any Subsidiary creating or materially amending any employee benefit plan with an annual increase in cost to the Company in excess of $500,000;

(21) the Company or any Subsidiary purchasing or selling in any single or series of related transactions any real property with a fair market value in excess of $500,000;

(22) the Company or any Subsidiary opening a new facility or closing an existing facility;

(23) selecting a Shortfall Distribution Amount to be funded by a Shortfall Loan rather than by a Shortfall Capital Contribution, pursuant to Section 5.1(b) ;

(24) changing the terms and conditions of employment of each executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary; and

(25) the Company or any Subsidiary entering into or amending any employment agreement with any person.

(e) Proxies . If one of the Managers appointed by the Greenbrier Member is absent, the other Manager appointed by the Greenbrier Member will automatically be deemed to have received a full proxy from the Manager not in attendance with respect to all matters that come before such meeting. If one of the Managers appointed by the Watco Members is absent, the other Manager appointed by the Watco Members will automatically be deemed to have received a full proxy from the Manager not in attendance with respect to all matters that come before such meeting.

 

  Section 4.7. Annual Business Plan.

(a) Initial Annual Business Plan . Management shall prepare and submit to the Board, and the Board shall consider and approve pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(4) an annual business plan for the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on August 31, 2015 (such plan and each successive annual business plan, as described herein, the “ Annual Business Plan ”), which shall be approved no later than September 30, 2014. The Annual Business Plan shall: (i) provide for an annual operating plan (which shall provide for the Company’s expected annual operating cash needs (including operating expenditures and necessary minimum cash balances)) and a capital expenditures plan (including maintenance capital expenditures and growth capital expenditures), (ii) provide for maintenance of minimum cash balances and payment of anticipated Target Distribution Amounts, (iii) include a financial plan stating within it the amount of funding required to execute the plan (including what portion is expected to be funded by Additional Capital Contributions and what portion is expected to be funded by loans), plus a cushion amount of not less than ten percent (10%) and not more than twenty percent (20%) of the budgeted amount to fund such plan and (iv) include the Company’s pricing strategy as well as the identification and proposed treatment of strategic customers, including the priority that the Company will give such customers with respect to capacity and access to the Company’s facilities. To the extent determined by a Supermajority of the Board, the Annual Business Plan

 

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will set forth in reasonable detail on a quarterly basis projected amounts for anticipated funding requirements. References in this Agreement to the “Annual Business Plan” shall be to the Annual Business Plan as approved and/or amended pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(4) .

(b) Successive Annual Business Plans . Management shall prepare and submit to the Board, and the Board shall consider and approve pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(4) , an Annual Business Plan for each successive Fiscal Year not later than thirty (30) calendar days after the end of the previous Fiscal Year. If the Board does not approve an Annual Business Plan as provided herein, or if the Board is otherwise unable to approve an Annual Business Plan for a particular Fiscal Year, the Annual Business Plan most recently in effect (excluding growth capital expenditures, any one time amounts for specific projects, purchases, acquisitions or other matters, any other special or non-recurring items and, for the avoidance of doubt, any funding approved by the Board pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(5) ) shall remain in effect for so long as the Board is unable to approve a new Annual Business Plan.

(c) Resolution of Disputes . For the avoidance of doubt, the dispute resolution procedures provided for in Section 4.13 shall apply to any dispute or deadlock with respect to the adoption of any Annual Business Plan.

(d) Sale of Business or all Membership Interests in the Case of Deadlock . Without limiting anything in Section 6.7 (which rights thereunder may be exercised at any time during the process described in this Section 4.7(d) ), if the Board has failed to approve a new Annual Business Plan for three consecutive Fiscal Years, then any Member may, within 60 days after the end of the most recent Fiscal Year and upon notice to the Company and each other Member (a “ Deadlock Notice ”), require the Company and the Members to engage in the following process:

(1) within 10 days after the receipt of the Deadlock Notice, the Greenbrier Member will designate one qualified independent appraiser and the Watco Members acting jointly will designate another qualified independent appraiser. Within 20 days after the receipt of the Deadlock Notice, the two qualified independent appraisers will jointly appoint a third qualified independent appraiser. This third qualified independent appraiser will determine the fair market value of the Company as a going concern as of the end of the calendar month prior to the date of the Deadlock Notice, which appraisal must be delivered to the Company and the Members as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within 45 days after the date the independent appraiser is selected. The fees and expenses of the third qualified independent appraiser will be borne by the Company;

(2) for a period of 30 days after the receipt of such appraisal, the Members will negotiate in good faith the purchase or sale of the Membership Interests of one of the Members to the other Member(s);

(3) if, within this 30 day period, the Greenbrier Member, on one hand, and the Watco Members, on the other hand, have not agreed to a purchase or sale between the Greenbrier Member and the Watco Members, acting jointly, then either the Greenbrier Member or the Watco Members acting jointly may elect to force the offer for sale of the

 

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entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to a third party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Members. If (i) the Members are unable to agree upon the terms and conditions of the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to a third party within 180 days after the receipt of such appraisal and (ii) the provisions of Section 6.7 have not been invoked, then at any Member’s election, the Company will be dissolved.

Section 4.8. Restrictions on the Powers of Managers Acting Individually.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article 4 , a Manager has no power or authority to act individually on behalf of the Company except for such power or authority as may be specifically conferred upon such Manager by action of the Board.

Section 4.9. Transaction with Related Parties .

The Company may agree, contract, or arrange with any Manager, Member or Officer or any Affiliate of any Manager, Member or Officer, for any Company purpose, provided that the terms and provisions of any such agreement, contract or arrangement must be approved as provided in Section 4.6(c) .

Section 4.10. Indemnification of Managers.

(a) Subject to Section 4.10(b) , the Company will indemnify the Managers relating to any action or omission in such capacity to the fullest extent permitted under the Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which a Manager may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise so long as the Manager’s conduct was not finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been knowingly fraudulent or in bad faith. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement, or the termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that a Manager did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section 4.10(a) . Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 4.10 will be made only out of the assets of the Company, including insurance proceeds, if any, and no Member shall be required to make any Additional Capital Contribution to the Company to fund such indemnification.

(b) The Company will reimburse a Manager on a monthly basis for reasonable expenses incurred by such Manager who is a party to a proceeding in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by the Company of (i) a written undertaking by such Manager to return monies so advanced if it is ultimately determined that indemnification is not required under this Section 4.10 and (ii) a written affirmation by such Manager of such Manager’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company as authorized in this Section 4.10 has been met; provided that such Manager will be required to reimburse the Company for all amounts that have been paid to such Manager by the Company if the Manager has been determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to not be entitled to indemnification under Section 4.10(a) .

 

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(c) The indemnification provided by this Section 4.10 is in addition to any other rights to which the Managers may be entitled under any agreement, as a matter of Law, or otherwise.

(d) The Company may purchase and maintain such insurance on behalf of the Managers, as the Board determines, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by a Manager in connection with the Company’s activities, regardless of whether the Company would have the power to indemnify the Manager against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

(e) In no event may any Manager subject the other Managers or any Members to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

(f) No Manager will be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 4.10 because the Manager or any Affiliate of the Manager had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies, if the transaction was approved by the Board or the Members or was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.

(g) The provisions of this Section 4.10 are for the benefit of the Managers and their respective heirs and personal representatives, and will not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.

(h) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 4.10 or any provision in this Section 4.10 will be prospective only and will not in any way affect the rights of any Manager under this Section 4.10 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating to such matters may arise or be asserted.

Section 4.11. Limitations on Liability of Members and Managers.

(a) In addition to the other limitations on liability set forth in this Agreement, no Person will be liable to the Company or its Members for any loss, damage, liability or expense suffered by the Company or its Members on account of any action taken or omitted to be taken by such Person as a Member or Manager of the Company or by such Person while serving at the request of the Company as a director, manager, officer, representative or in any other comparable position of any other enterprise, unless a court determines that such action or inaction constitutes willful misconduct, was knowingly fraudulent or in bad faith. With respect to each Manager and each Member, any and all other duties and responsibilities, including any fiduciary duties, are hereby eliminated and waived in their entirety to the extent permitted by applicable Laws, including the Act. A Member’s or Manager’s liability hereunder will be limited only for those actions taken or omitted to be taken by such Member or Manager in the exercise or discharge of such Member’s or Manager’s rights or obligations with respect to the management of the business and affairs of the Company. The provisions of this Section 4.11 are not intended to limit the

 

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liability of any Member or Manager for any other obligations of such Member or Manager undertaken in this Agreement or any other agreement to which the Company is a party in such Member’s or Manager’s capacity as a Member or Manager, or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitation, each Member will be liable to the Company and to the other Members for any and all losses, costs, and expenses incurred by the Company or the other Members as a result of any breach by the Member of any terms or provisions of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to limit or eliminate the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing as contemplated by Section 18-1101 of the Act.

(b) In furtherance of the foregoing limitations on liability of the Members and Managers, the following provisions apply:

(1) a Member or Manager has no liability hereunder for failing to act if such act required the consent of some or all of the Managers or Members and the required consent to such action was not granted; and

(2) each of the Managers and the Members may engage and rely upon attorneys, accountants and other advisors on behalf of the Company even though such Persons may also be retained from time to time by a Member or any of a Member’s officers, directors, shareholders, members or partners, and such Persons may be engaged with respect to any matter in which the interest of the Company and a Member or Manager may differ, or may be engaged by both the Company and a Member or Manager with respect to any other matter. Neither the Managers nor the Members are responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such attorney, accountant or other advisor so long as such Person was selected with reasonable care.

Section 4.12. Officers.

(a) Number . The principal Officers of the Company, if any, will consist of a Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Financial Officer, and may also include a President, a Chief Operating Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and such other Officers and assistant Officers and agents as may be deemed necessary and elected or appointed by the Chief Executive Officer, at such time and in such manner and for such terms as the Chief Executive Officer may prescribe. Any two or more offices may be held by the same individual.

(b) General Duties; Fiduciary Duties . All Officers and agents of the Company, as between themselves and the Company, will have such authority, perform such duties and manage the Company as may be provided in this Agreement or, except with respect to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as may be determined by the Chief Executive Officer. Each Officer has the same fiduciary duties to the Company and its Members as the officers of a Delaware corporation, provided that compliance by Jim Cowan with Section 6 of his Secondment Agreement (the “ Secondment Agreement ”) among the Greenbrier Member, the Company and Watco Companies, dated the Effective Date and his performance of the “Greenbrier Services” (as defined in the Secondment Agreement) shall not constitute a breach of this Section 4.12(b) .

 

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(c) Election, Term of Office and Qualifications . The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer will be chosen by the Board. All other Officers will be chosen by the Chief Executive Officer. Each Officer will hold office until a successor is chosen and qualified or until the death, resignation, or removal of such Officer.

(d) Removal . Any Officer or agent may be removed (with or without cause) by the Board. Any Officer, other than the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, may be removed (with or without cause) by the Chief Executive Officer.

(e) Vacancies . Any vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal or any other cause may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term but only in the manner prescribed in this Agreement for election or appointment to such office.

(f) Resignation . Any Officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board or, with respect to any Officer other than the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, by giving written notice to the Chief Executive Officer. Such resignation will take effect at the time specified in the notice, and, unless otherwise specified in the notice, the acceptance of such resignation will not be necessary to make it effective. Such resignation will be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Company.

(g) Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer will have general and active management of the operations of the Company, subject, however, to the control of the Board. The Chief Executive Officer will, in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board. The initial Chief Executive Officer of the Company will be Jim Cowan.

(h) Chief Financial Officer . The Chief Financial Officer is the principal financial officer of the Company, subject, however, to the control of the Board; will have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds of the Company and will deposit all such funds in the name of the Company in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as are selected by the Board; will receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the Company from any source; and, in general, will perform all the duties incident to the office of the Chief Financial Officer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board. The Chief Financial Officer will render to the Board, whenever the same are required, an account of all transactions of the Company and of the financial condition of the Company.

(i) President . The President will report to the Chief Executive Officer and will assist the Chief Executive Officer in the general and active management of the operations of the Company. The President will, in general, perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer, the President will temporarily act as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company until the Board determines otherwise.

(j) Chief Operating Officer . The Chief Operating Officer will report to the Chief Executive Officer or, if so directed by the Chief Executive Officer, to the President and will have general and active management of the operations of the Company to the extent directed by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, as the case may be, and will be responsible for carrying

 

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out the orders and directions of the Chief Executive Officer and the President. The Chief Operating Officer will perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, as the case may be.

(k) Vice Presidents . Each Vice President has such powers and shall perform such duties as the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to such Officer. At the request of the President, any Vice President may temporarily act in place of the President. In the case of the death, absence, or inability to act of the President, the Chief Executive Officer may designate any Vice President to perform the duties of the President. The Chief Executive Officer may appoint different types of vice presidents with different day-to-day management responsibilities over the operations of the Company, including the power to employ individuals to accomplish the purposes of the Company.

(l) Secretary . The Secretary will keep, or cause to be kept, in books provided for that purpose, minutes of the meetings of, or actions taken by, the Board and the Members; will see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and as required by applicable Law; will be custodian of the records; and, in general, will perform all duties incident to the office of the Secretary and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the President or the Chief Executive Officer.

(m) Indemnification .

(1) Subject to Section 4.12(m)(2) , the Company will indemnify the Officers relating to any action or omission in such capacity from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative in which an Officer may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise so long as the Officer acted in good faith and in a manner the Officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Officer’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement, or the termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that an Officer did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section 4.12(m) . Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 4.12(m) will be made only out of the assets of the Company, including insurance proceeds, if any, and no Member shall be required to make any Additional Capital Contribution or loan to the Company to fund such indemnification.

(2) The Company will reimburse an Officer on a monthly basis for reasonable expenses incurred by such Officer who is a party to a proceeding in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by the Company of (i) a written undertaking by such Officer to return monies so advanced if it is ultimately determined that indemnification is not required under this Section 4.12(m) and (ii) a written affirmation by such Officer of such Officer’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary

 

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for indemnification by the Company as authorized in this Section 4.12(m) has been met; provided that such Officer will be required to reimburse the Company for all amounts that have been paid to such Officer by the Company if the Officer has been finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to not be entitled to indemnification under Section 4.12(m)(1) .

(3) The indemnification provided by this Section 4.12(m) is in addition to any other rights to which the Officers may be entitled under any agreement, as a matter of law, or otherwise.

(4) The Company may purchase and maintain such insurance on behalf of an Officer, or an employee of the Company, as the Board determines, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by an Officer or an employee in connection with the Company’s activities, regardless of whether the Company would have the power to indemnify the Officer or employee against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

(5) In no event may any Officer subject the Managers or Members to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

(6) No Officer will be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 4.12(m) because the Officer or any Affiliate of the Officer had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies, if the transaction was approved by the Board or the Members or was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.

(7) The provisions of this Section 4.12(m) are for the benefit of the Officers and their respective heirs and personal representatives, and will not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.

(8) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 4.12(m) or any provision in this Section 4.12(m) will be prospective only and will not in any way affect the rights of any Officer under this Section 4.12(m) as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating to such matters may arise or be asserted.

Section 4.13. Management Meetings to Resolve Disputes.

If any dispute, deadlock, controversy or claim with respect to any matter arises between (a) any Member and the Company or any Subsidiary, (b) the Managers appointed by the Greenbrier Member and the Managers appointed by the Watco Members, or (c) the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, and either or both of the Watco Members, on the other hand, and if such dispute, deadlock, controversy or claim continues for more than 30 days after the initial meeting or other communication at which the dispute, deadlock, controversy or claim became apparent (whereupon the subject of such dispute, deadlock, controversy or claim will become a “ Disputed Subject ” hereunder), then the Company and the Members will submit the Disputed

 

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Subject to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, the chief executive officer of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. and the chief executive officer of Watco Companies, L.L.C. for review, discussion and negotiation for purposes of attempting to resolve the Disputed Subject. If these chief executive officers are unable to resolve the Disputed Subject within this 30 day period, then the Members may avail themselves of all other rights or remedies under this Agreement or otherwise.

ARTICLE 5

Allocations and Distributions

 

  Section 5.1. Distributions.

(a) General . The amount of Adjusted EBITDA (if any) will be determined by the Company quarterly and will be distributed to the Members in accordance with Section 5.1(b) . To the extent allowed by applicable Law, and as reasonably determined by the Board in consultation with the Company’s tax advisors, any Distribution or amount deemed to be a Distribution under applicable Law will be treated as a reimbursement of pre-formation capital expenditures under Treasury Regulation Section 1.707-4(d).

(b) Distributions . Except as prohibited by or in violation of applicable Laws, or as would otherwise cause the Company to become insolvent, Distributions of cash equal to Adjusted EBITDA (the “ Target Distribution Amount ”) will be made quarterly within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending on November 30, 2014 (which such Distribution of cash will be equal to Adjusted EBITDA for the period from the Effective Date through November 30, 2014). Distributions will be paid to the Members pro rata in accordance with the Members’ respective Sharing Ratios as of the date of the Distribution. In connection with any Distribution, the Board shall determine by a Supermajority vote whether the Company has adequate cash on hand to pay the applicable Target Distribution Amount, in whole or in part, after taking into account the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ indebtedness, future operations and cash needs, and if the Board determines that there is a shortfall (the “ Shortfall Distribution Amount ”), then the Board shall make a Funding Call, and in connection therewith determine to either (i) make a draw on the Company’s credit line provided under the Credit Agreement in the amount of the Shortfall Distribution Amount (the “ Shortfall Loan ”) or (ii) require that the Members make Additional Capital Contributions in the amount of the Shortfall Distribution Amount (the “ Shortfall Capital Contribution ”); provided that if the Board does not make such determination as to the shortfall or does not affirmatively approve the Shortfall Loan option by a Supermajority vote, the Board shall be deemed to have approved the Shortfall Capital Contribution option (up to an amount equal to the Target Distribution Amount) without any further action or vote. The Board shall then deliver a Funding Notice to the Members (pro rata in accordance with their Sharing Ratios) specifying whether the Members are required to make a Shortfall Loan or a Shortfall Capital Contribution to the Company. The Funding Notice shall, to the extent commercially reasonable, provide for the receipt of such funds by the Company on the same day as the Distribution, but in any event such funds shall be received by the Company from a Member prior to the Distribution of the Target Distribution Amount to such Member.

 

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(c) To the extent the Shortfall Loan or Shortfall Capital Contribution, as applicable, is not funded by a Member prior to the Distribution of the Target Distribution Amount to such Member, such amount that is not funded shall be subtracted from such Member’s Target Distribution Amount at the time the Distribution is paid to the Members, and such Member shall have no right to receive such amounts not funded after the time the Distribution is paid to the Members.

(d) To the extent a Member has not complied with one or more Funding Notices issued pursuant to Section 3.2(b) , Section 3.2(c) , Section 3.2(d) or Section 3.2(e) , and as a result any Shortfall Amount exists and the Funding Member elects not to provide a Funding Member Loan for the full amount of the Shortfall Amount pursuant to Section 3.8(b)(1) , all Distributions that would otherwise be payable to the Non-Funding Member will be withheld from the Non-Funding Member pursuant to Section 3.8(d) and Section 3.8(e) until such withheld amounts are equal to the Shortfall Amount.

(e) Distributions of cash in excess of the Target Distribution Amount will be made at the discretion of the Board pursuant to Section 4.6(d)(6) and shall be made to the Members pro rata in accordance with their respective Sharing Ratios as of the date of the Distribution.

 

  Section 5.2. Profits, Losses and Distributive Shares of Tax Items.

(a) Operational Profits and Operational Losses. Except as provided in Section 5.2(c) , Operational Profits and Operational Losses for any Fiscal Year or any applicable portion thereof will be allocated to the Members in proportion to their respective Sharing Ratios.

(b) Capital Event Profits and Capital Event Losses . Except as provided in Section 5.2(c) , Capital Event Profits and Capital Event Losses for the relevant Fiscal Year or any applicable portion thereof (and, if needed, Operational Profits and Operational Losses for the year of dissolution and liquidation of the Company) will be allocated to the Members in a manner that will, as nearly as possible, cause the Capital Account balance of each Member to equal the hypothetical distribution (if any) that such Member would receive if all Company assets, including cash, were sold for cash equal to their Book Values, taking into account any adjustments thereto for such taxable year, assuming that all Company liabilities were satisfied in cash according to their terms, and the net proceeds thereof (after satisfaction of such liabilities) were distributed in full pursuant to Section 8.2(b)(2).

(c) Special Allocations . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the following special allocations will be made in the following order and priority:

(1) Company Minimum Gain Chargeback . Except as otherwise provided in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f), notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5.2 , if there is a net decrease in Company Minimum Gain during any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made, the Members will be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for that period (and, if necessary, subsequent periods). The amount allocated to each Member under this Section 5.2(c)(1) will be an amount equal to the total net decrease in the Member’s Minimum Gain Share at the end of the immediately preceding taxable year. The items to be allocated will be

 

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determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(i)(4) and 1.704-2(j)(2). This Section 5.2(c)(1) is intended to comply with the “partnership minimum gain chargeback” requirements of the Treasury Regulations and the exceptions thereto and is to be interpreted consistently therewith.

(2) Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain Chargeback . Except as otherwise provided in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4), notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5.2 (other than Section 5.2(c)(1) which will be applied first), if there is a net decrease in Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain during any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made, any Member with a share of such Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain attributable to any Member Nonrecourse Debt (determined under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-(2)(i)(5)) as of the beginning of the year will be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for that period (and, if necessary, subsequent periods) in proportion to the portion of such Member’s share of the net decrease in the Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain with respect to such Member Nonrecourse Debt that is allocable to the Disposition of Company property subject to such Member Nonrecourse Debt. The items to be so allocated will be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g). This Section 5.2(c)(2) is intended to comply with the “partner minimum gain chargeback” requirements of the Treasury Regulations and the exceptions thereto and is to be interpreted consistently therewith.

(3) Qualified Income Offset . A Member who unexpectedly receives any adjustment, allocation or distribution described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6) will be specially allocated items of Company income and gain in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Treasury Regulations, the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit of the Member as quickly as possible, provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.2(c)(3) will be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have such a deficit after all other allocations provided for in this Agreement have been tentatively made as if this Section 5.2(c)(3) were not in this Agreement. It is intended that this Section 5.2(c)(3) qualify and be construed as a “qualified income offset” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d).

(4) Nonrecourse Deductions . Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made will be allocated among the Members in proportion to their respective Sharing Ratios in the Company.

(5) Member Nonrecourse Deductions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Member Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made will be allocated to the Member who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Member Nonrecourse Debt to which the Member Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i).

(6) Code Section 754 Adjustments . To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset under Code Sections 734(b) or 743(b) is

 

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required to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), the amount of the adjustment to the Capital Accounts will be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases the basis), and the gain or loss will be specially allocated to the Members in a manner consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m).

(7) Depreciation Recapture . If there is any recapture of Depreciation or investment tax credit, the allocation of gain or income attributable to such recapture will be shared by the Members in the same proportion as the deduction for such Depreciation or investment tax credit was shared, to the extent possible.

(8) Reallocation . To the extent Losses allocated to a Member would cause such Member to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Fiscal Year, the Losses will be reallocated to other Members to the extent such reallocation does not cause any such other Member to have, or increase, an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit. If any Member receives an allocation of Losses otherwise allocable to another Member in accordance with this Section 5.2(c)(8) , the Member will be allocated Profits in subsequent Fiscal Years necessary to reverse the effect of such allocation of Losses. This allocation of Profits (if any) will be made before any allocations under Section 5.2(a) but after any other allocations under Section 5.2(c) .

(9) Interest in Company . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, no allocation of Profit or Loss or item of Profit or Loss will be made to a Member if the allocation would not have “economic effect” under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii) or otherwise would not be in accordance with the Member’s interest in the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(3). The Board may reallocate any item in accordance with this Section 5.2(c)(9) .

(d) Curative Allocations . The allocations set forth in Section 5.2(c)(1) through 5.2(c)(9) (the “ Regulatory Allocations ”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2. The Regulatory Allocations may not be consistent with the manner in which the Members intend to divide Company Distributions. Accordingly, the Board is authorized to further allocate Profits, Losses, and other items among the Members so as to prevent the Regulatory Allocations from distorting the manner in which Company Distributions would be divided among the Members under Section 5.1 and Section 8.2 but for application of the Regulatory Allocations. In general, the reallocation will be accomplished by specially allocating other Profits, Losses and items of income, gain, loss and deduction, to the extent they exist, among the Members so that the net amount of the Regulatory Allocations and the special allocations to each Member is zero. The Board will have discretion to accomplish this result in any reasonable manner that is consistent with Code Section 704 and the related Treasury Regulations.

(e) Tax Allocations; Code Section 704(c) . Except as otherwise provided herein, for federal income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction which is recognized by the Company for federal income tax purposes shall be allocated among the Members in the

 

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same manner as its correlative item of Profit or Loss is allocated pursuant to Section 5.2(a) and Section 5.2(b) . In accordance with Code Section 704(c) and the related Treasury Regulations, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the Company, solely for tax purposes, will be allocated among the Members so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis to the Company of the property for federal income tax purposes and the initial Book Value. If the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted, subsequent allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to that asset will take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of the asset for federal income tax purposes and its Book Value in the same manner as under Code Section 704(c) and the related Treasury Regulations. Any other elections or decisions relating to Section 704(c) allocations under this Section 5.2(e) will be made in any manner that the Board determines reasonably reflects the purpose and intention of this Agreement. Section 704(c) allocations under this Section 5.2(e) are solely for purposes of federal, state and local taxes and will not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Member’s Capital Account, Sharing Ratio Account or share of Profits, Losses or other items or Distributions under any provision of this Agreement. The Company hereby adopts the remedial allocation method provided in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3 for allocations of such variation, whether resulting from a contribution of assets with a variation or as a result of a revaluation of the Book Value.

(f) Other Allocation Rules . The following rules will apply to the calculation and allocation of Profits, Losses and other items:

(1) Solely for purposes of determining a Member’s proportionate share of “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-3(a)(3), each Member’s interest in Company Profits is equal to such Member’s Sharing Ratio; provided , however , that if proposed Treasury Regulations are finalized requiring use of liquidation value percentages, such percentages (if different from profits percentages) will be used for allocating “excess nonrecourse liabilities.”

(2) For purposes of determining the Profits, Losses or any other item allocable to any period (including allocations among Members as a result of any Membership Interest that has been Disposed of during the Fiscal Year), Profits, Losses and other items will be determined using a “closing of the books” method to the extent permitted under Code Section 706 and the related Treasury Regulations, and if not so permitted then on a daily, monthly or other basis, as determined by the Board using any permissible method under Code Section 706 and the related Treasury Regulations.

(g) Member Acknowledgment . The Members agree to be bound by the provisions of this Section 5.2 in reporting their shares of Company income and loss for income tax purposes.

 

  Section 5.3. Tax Withholding.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Board may take any action that the Board determines is necessary or appropriate to cause the Company to comply with any withholding requirements established under any federal, state or local tax Law, including withholding on any Distribution to any Member. For purposes of this Article 5 , any amount withheld on any Distribution and paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority will be treated as if such amount had in fact been distributed to the applicable Member.

 

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  Section 5.4. Compliance with Code.

The foregoing provisions of this Article 5 relating to the allocation of Profits, Losses and other items for federal income tax purposes are intended to comply with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704 1(b) and 1.704-2, and are to be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Treasury Regulations.

 

  Section 5.5. Basis Adjustment.

Upon the Disposition of all or part of an interest in the Company or a Disposition of property to a Member, or any other transaction permitting an election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, the Board will cause the Company to elect, pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, to adjust the basis of the Company’s assets as provided in Sections 734 and 743 of the Code.

ARTICLE 6

Dispositions of Membership Interests

 

  Section 6.1. Restrictions on Disposition.

(a) Except with the express prior written approval of the other Members, which approval may be withheld by each such Member in its sole and absolute discretion, or as expressly permitted in this Article 6 , no Member may Dispose of all or any part of such Member’s Membership Interest or any beneficial right or interest therein, or contract to do or permit any of the foregoing, whether voluntarily or by operation of law, and any attempt to do so will be void. Each Member may, without any approval of the other Members (but only after ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the other Members), Dispose of all or any part of such Member’s Membership Interest to an Affiliate of such Member, provided that (i) with respect to the Greenbrier Member, such Affiliate is a directly or indirectly wholly-owned Subsidiary of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. (“ Greenbrier Parent ”), and (ii) with respect to the Watco Members, such Affiliate is a directly or indirectly wholly-owned Subsidiary of Watco Companies (“ Watco Parent ”), with such transferee being admitted as a substitute Member with respect to the subject Membership Interest to the extent indicated in the documentation providing for such Disposition. Irrespective of any other provision contained herein, a Member may pledge its Membership Interest to a commercial bank, commercial bank group, or commercial bank syndication or any administrative agent thereof (collectively “ Banks ”) to the extent required under such Member’s credit agreement or similar arrangement. The Company will cooperate and execute such documents as may be reasonably requested by any Member or Bank to facilitate such pledge at such Member’s cost and expense. Any pledge by a Member of its Membership Interest must be on the condition that the Banks’ rights to foreclose or otherwise execute upon the Membership Interests and the Bank’s transferee being admitted as a substituted member will be subject to the provisions of this Article 6 . No such Bank (or its transferee, except transferees pursuant to Section 6.3 ), pledgee or secured party will be permitted to vote, consent to or approve any matters under this Agreement, or appoint (or direct the vote, consent or approval of) any Manager.

 

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(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, but subject to Sections 6.1(d), 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7, 6.8 and 6.9 as to which this Section 6.1(b) is inapplicable, unless the other Members consent, no Member may Dispose of all or any portion of its Membership Interest if such Disposition:

(1) when added to the total of all other Dispositions of Membership Interests within the preceding 12 months, would result in the Company being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Code Section 708; or

(2) would otherwise cause the Company to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.

(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, no Member may Dispose of all or any portion of its Membership Interest if such Disposition would violate any federal securities Laws or any applicable state securities Laws (including suitability standards).

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein (other than Section 6.1(c) , as to which this Section 6.1(d) is subservient, but including Sections 6.1(b), 6.2 , 6.3 , 6.5 , 6.6, 6.7, 6.8 and 6.9 , as to which this Section 6.1(d) controls), either Watco Member may, upon ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the Greenbrier Member, transfer or otherwise Dispose of its Membership Interests to the other Watco Member at any time and from time to time, except if either Watco Member is undergoing a Change in Control governed by Section 6.4 , in which case the terms of Section 6.4 will control. If there is more than one Greenbrier Member, either Greenbrier Member may, upon ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the Watco Members, transfer or otherwise Dispose of its Membership Interests to the other Greenbrier Member at any time and from time to time, except if either Greenbrier Member is undergoing a Change in Control governed by Section 6.4 , in which case the terms of Section 6.4 will control.

 

  Section 6.2. Bankruptcy.

(a) Upon a Bankruptcy of a Member, including with respect to the Greenbrier Member, a Bankruptcy of Greenbrier Parent, and including with respect to the Watco Members, a Bankruptcy of Watco Parent, the affected Member or its authorized representative (the “ Bankrupt Member ”) will be deemed to have offered to sell all of the Bankrupt Member’s Membership Interest (the “ Applicable Interest ”, which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes the Company’s indebtedness to the Bankrupt Member under the Credit Agreement) in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.2 , and shall deliver on the date of the occurrence of the Bankruptcy a written instrument to such effect.

(b) The Bankrupt Member and the other Member(s) will attempt to agree on the Fair Market Value of the Applicable Interest to be sold. If the Bankrupt Member and the other Member(s) are unable to agree on the Fair Market Value within ten days after notice is given by the Bankrupt Member or the other Member(s) requesting such an agreement as to Fair Market Value (for purposes of this Section 6.2 , the date on which such notice is given being referred to herein as the “ Notice Date ”), Fair Market Value will be determined by a qualified independent appraiser, selected as follows: Within 20 days after the Notice Date, the Bankrupt Member will designate one qualified independent appraiser and the other Member(s) will designate another

 

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qualified independent appraiser and the two qualified independent appraisers will jointly appoint a third qualified independent appraiser. The third qualified independent appraiser will determine the Fair Market Value of the Applicable Interest to be sold as provided herein, which appraisal must be delivered to the Company and the Members as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within 45 days after the date the independent appraiser is selected. The fees and expenses of the third qualified independent appraiser will be borne equally by the Bankrupt Member and the other Member(s). Fair Market Value will be determined as of a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of the occurrence of the event that results in the sale of the Applicable Interest hereunder.

(c) If the Bankrupt Member is the Greenbrier Member, then the Watco Members, acting jointly, will have the right for 30 days after they receive the appraisal described in Section 6.2(b) to elect to (i) purchase the Applicable Interest at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.2(b) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Watco Members in accordance with Section 6.2(d) or (iii) force the sale of the Applicable Interest by the Bankrupt Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Bankrupt Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.2(b) . If the Bankrupt Member is either or both of the Watco Members, then the Greenbrier Member will have the right for 30 days after it receives the appraisal described in Section 6.2(b) to elect to (i) purchase the Applicable Interest (which for purposes of this sentence includes the Applicable Interest of both of the Watco Members) at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.2(d) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Greenbrier Member in accordance with Section 6.2(d) or (iii) force the sale of the Applicable Interest by the Bankrupt Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Bankrupt Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.2(b) . If the applicable non-Bankrupt Member does not elect to purchase all of the Applicable Interest, then the Bankrupt Member may proceed to cause the Company to distribute the Applicable Interest to the successors in interest entitled to receive the same as a result of the Bankrupt Member’s Bankruptcy. Any successor to the Bankrupt Member with respect to the Applicable Interest will thereupon (by written supplement to this Agreement) become a party to this Agreement and will hold all of the Applicable Interest transferred to such Person subject in all respects to the terms and provisions hereof.

(d) The closing of the sale of an Applicable Interest pursuant to this Section 6.2 will take place as soon as reasonably practicable following final determination of the Fair Market Value and receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals. At the closing of any sale of an Applicable Interest to be sold on the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.2 , the Bankrupt Member whose Applicable Interest is to be sold hereunder (for purposes of this Section 6.2(d) , the “ Seller ”) will assign and deliver the Applicable Interest to the Person who exercise its right to purchase the Applicable Interest pursuant to Section 6.2(c) (for purposes of this Section 6.2(d) , whether one or more, the “ Purchaser ”) free and clear of any Encumbrances, together with such documents of transfer as are reasonably requested by the Purchaser, and the Purchaser will deliver to the Seller the full consideration payable therefor, at the election of the Purchaser, either (1) in cash, by wire transfer or other immediately available funds or (2) 25% in cash and the balance evidenced by the execution by the Purchaser of a promissory note secured

 

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by a pledge of the Applicable Interest being purchased payable in three equal annual installments of principal, plus interest, beginning on the first anniversary of the delivery of the promissory note, with interest on such obligation to accrue at the Prime Rate, with adjustments in that varying rate to be made on the same date as any changes in that rate. Such note, if any, described in (2) above will contain the customary provisions relating to acceleration of maturity in the event of default, interest on past due amounts at the maximum non-usurious rate permitted by law and reimbursement of attorneys’ fees and court costs incurred in connection with the enforcement of the note. Any transfer or similar taxes involved in such sale will be paid by the Seller, and the Seller will provide the Purchaser with evidence of the Seller’s authority to sell hereunder and such tax lien waivers and similar instruments as the Purchaser may reasonably request.

(e) If the non-Bankrupt Member elects to force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party pursuant to Section 6.2(c) , the Bankrupt Member (and the Managers appointed by the Bankrupt Member) shall consent to the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to a third party on the same terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Bankrupt Member, except that all of the obligations of the Members for indemnification under the definitive purchase agreement for the sale of the entire Company or the Membership Interests of the Company to the Independent Third Party will be several based on their respective Sharing Ratios. The Bankrupt Member shall bear a pro rata share (based on its Sharing Ratio) of transaction costs and expenses associated with the sale and shall take all necessary and reasonable actions required by the non-Bankrupt Member in connection with the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Bankrupt Member.

 

  Section 6.3. Foreclosure.

(a) Upon the notice of acceleration of debt by a Bank that triggers such Bank’s right to exercise remedies including foreclosure of a Member’s Membership Interest, the entry of a charging order with respect to such Membership Interest or a Disposition in lieu of a foreclosure sale caused by a Bank (each a “ Foreclosure ”), the affected Member or its authorized representative (the “ Foreclosure Member ”) shall be deemed to have offered to sell all of the Foreclosure Member’s Membership Interest (the “ Foreclosure Interest ”, which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes the Company’s indebtedness to the Foreclosure Member under the Credit Agreement) in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.3 and will, within five (5) Business Days after receiving notice of the Foreclosure, deliver a written instrument to such effect.

(b) The Foreclosure Member and the other Member(s) will attempt to agree on the Fair Market Value of the Foreclosure Interest to be sold. If the Foreclosure Member and the other Member(s) are unable to agree on the Fair Market Value within ten days after notice is given by the Foreclosure Member or the other Member(s) requesting such an agreement as to Fair Market Value (for purposes of this Section 6.3 , the date on which such notice is received being referred to herein as the “ Notice Date ”), Fair Market Value will be determined by a qualified independent appraiser, selected as follows: Within 20 days after the Notice Date, the Foreclosure Member will designate at its cost one qualified independent appraiser and the other

 

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Member(s) will designate at its cost another qualified independent appraiser and the two qualified independent appraisers will jointly appoint a third qualified independent appraiser. The third qualified independent appraiser will determine the Fair Market Value of the Foreclosure Interest to be sold as provided herein, which such appraisal must be delivered to the Company and the Members as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within 45 days after the date the independent appraiser is selected. The fees and expenses of the third qualified independent appraiser will be borne equally by the Foreclosure Member and the other Member(s). Fair Market Value will be determined as of a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of the occurrence of the Foreclosure.

(c) If the Foreclosure Member is the Greenbrier Member, then the Watco Members, acting jointly, will have the right for 30 days after they receive the appraisal described in Section 6.3(b) to elect to (i) purchase the Foreclosure Interest at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.3(b) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Watco Members in accordance with Section 6.3(d) or (iii) force the sale of the Applicable Interest by the Foreclosure Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Foreclosure Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.3(b) . If the Foreclosure Member is either or both of the Watco Members, then the Greenbrier Member will have the right for 30 days after it receives the appraisal described in Section 6.3(b) to elect to (i) purchase the Applicable Interest (which for purposes of this sentence includes the Foreclosure Interest of both of the Watco Members) at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.3(b) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Greenbrier Member in accordance with Section 6.3(d) or (iii) force the sale of the Foreclosure Interest by the Foreclosure Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Foreclosure Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.3(b) . If the applicable non-Foreclosure Member does not elect to purchase all of the Foreclosure Interest, then the Foreclosure Member may proceed through foreclosure proceedings with the Bank that initiated the Foreclosure. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, including in this Article 6 , such Bank’s transferee (but not the Bank itself) shall, with respect to the Foreclosure Interest thereupon (by written supplement to this Agreement) become a party to this Agreement, be admitted as a substituted Member, and will hold all of the Foreclosure Interest transferred to such Person subject in all respects to the terms and provisions hereof.

(d) The closing of the sale of a Foreclosure Interest pursuant to this Section 6.3 will take place as soon as reasonably practicable following final determination of the Fair Market Value and receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals. At the closing of any sale of a Foreclosure Interest to be sold on the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.3 , the Foreclosure Member whose Foreclosure Interest is to be sold hereunder (for purposes of this Section 6.3(d) , the “ Seller ”) will assign and deliver the Foreclosure Interest to the Person who exercises its right to purchase the Foreclosure Interest pursuant to Section 6.3(c) (for purposes of this Section 6.3(d) , whether one or more, the “ Purchaser ”) free and clear of any Encumbrances, together with such documents of transfer as are reasonably requested by the Purchaser, and the Purchaser will deliver to the Seller the full consideration payable therefor in cash by wire transfer or other immediately available funds. Any transfer or similar taxes involved in such sale

 

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will be paid by the Seller, and the Seller will provide the Purchaser with evidence of the Seller’s authority to sell hereunder and such tax lien waivers and similar instruments as the Purchaser may reasonably request.

(e) If the non-Foreclosure Member elects to force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party pursuant to Section 6.3(b) , the Foreclosure Member (and the Managers appointed by the Foreclosure Member) shall consent to the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on the same terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Foreclosure Member, except that all of the obligations of the Members for indemnification under the definitive purchase agreement for the sale of the entire Company or the Membership Interests of the Company to the Independent Third Party will be several. The Foreclosure Member shall bear a pro rata share (based on its Sharing Ratio) of transaction costs and expenses associated with the sale and shall take all necessary and reasonable actions required by the non-Foreclosure Member in connection with the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Foreclosure Member.

 

  Section 6.4. Change in Control.

(a) Upon the consummation of a Change in Control of one of the Members (other than a Bankruptcy, which shall be governed by Section 6.2 , or a Foreclosure, which shall be governed by Section 6.3 ), the affected Member or its authorized representative (the “ Change in Control Member ”) shall be deemed to have offered to sell all of the Change in Change in Control Member’s Membership Interest (the “ Change in Control Interest ”, which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes the Company’s indebtedness to the Change in Control Member under the Credit Agreement) in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.4 and will, within three (3) Business Days after the consummation of such Change in Control, deliver a written instrument to such effect.

(b) The Change in Control Member and the other Member(s) will attempt to agree on the Fair Market Value of the Change in Control Interest to be sold. If the Change in Control Member and the other Member(s) are unable to agree on the Fair Market Value within ten days after notice is given by the Change in Control Member or the other Member(s) requesting such an agreement as to Fair Market Value (for purposes of this Section 6.4 , the date on which such notice is given being referred to herein as the “ Notice Date ”), Fair Market Value will be determined by a qualified independent appraiser, selected as follows: Within 20 days after the Notice Date, the Change in Control Member will designate at its cost one qualified independent appraiser and the other Member(s) will designate at its cost another qualified independent appraiser and the two qualified independent appraisers will jointly appoint a third qualified independent appraiser. The third qualified independent appraiser will determine the Fair Market Value of the Change in Control Interest to be sold as provided herein, which such appraisal must be delivered to the Company and the Members as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within 45 days after the date the independent appraiser is selected. The fees and expenses of the third qualified independent appraiser will be borne equally by the Change in Control Member and the other Member(s). Fair Market Value will be determined as of a date as near as reasonably practicable to the date of the Change in Control.

 

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(c) If the Change in Control Member is the Greenbrier Member, then the Watco Members, acting jointly, will have the right for 60 days after they receive the appraisal described in Section 6.4(b) to elect to (i) purchase the Change in Control Interest at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.4(b) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Watco Members in accordance with Section 6.4(f) or (iii) force the sale of the Change in Control Interest by the Change in Control Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Change in Control Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.4(b) . If the Change in Control Member is either one or both of the Watco Members, then the Greenbrier Member will have the right for 60 days after it receives the appraisal described in Section 6.4(b) to elect to (i) purchase all of the Change in Control Interest (which for purposes of this sentence includes the Change in Control Interest of both of the Watco Members) at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.4(b) , (ii) force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Greenbrier Member in accordance with Section 6.4(f) or (iii) force the sale of the Change in Control Interest by the Change in Control Member to an Independent Third Party reasonably acceptable to the non-Change in Control Member at the Fair Market Value determined pursuant to Section 6.4(b) .

(d) If the applicable Member decides to purchase the Change in Control Interest, then the closing of the sale of a Change in Control Interest pursuant to this Section 6.4 will take place as soon as reasonably practicable following final determination of the Fair Market Value and receipt of any necessary regulatory approvals.

(e) At the closing of any sale of a Change in Control Interest to be sold on the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.4 , the Change in Control Member whose Change in Control Interest is to be sold hereunder (for purposes of this Section 6.4(e) , the “ Seller ”) will assign and deliver the Change in Control Interest to the Person who exercises its right to purchase the Change in Control Interest pursuant to Section 6.4(c) (for purposes of this Section 6.4(e) , whether one or more, the “ Purchaser ”) free and clear of any Encumbrances, together with such documents of transfer as are reasonably requested by the Purchaser, and the Purchaser will deliver to the Seller the full consideration payable therefor, at the election of the Purchaser, either (1) in cash, by wire transfer or other immediately available funds or (2) 25% in cash and the balance evidenced by the execution by the Purchaser of a promissory note secured by a pledge of the Change in Control Interest being purchased payable in three equal annual installments of principal, plus interest, beginning on the first anniversary of the delivery of the promissory note, with interest on such obligation to accrue at the Prime Rate, with adjustments in that varying rate to be made on the same date as any changes in that rate. Such note, if any, described in (2) above will contain the customary provisions relating to acceleration of maturity in the event of default, interest on past due amounts at the maximum non-usurious rate permitted by Law. Without limiting anything in Section 6.5(d) , as a condition to closing of both the Seller and the Purchaser, the Purchaser will cause the release of the Seller, and any Affiliate of the Seller, from all personal liability as a guarantor of any Company or Subsidiary indebtedness or any other obligations of the Company or any Company Subsidiary to any Independent Third Party. Any transfer or similar taxes involved in such sale will be paid by the Seller, and the Seller will provide the Purchaser with evidence of the Seller’s authority to sell hereunder and such tax lien waivers and similar instruments as the Purchaser may reasonably request.

 

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(f) If the non-Change in Control Member elects to force the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party pursuant to Section 6.4(c) , the Change in Control Member (and the Board members appointed by such Change in Control Member) shall consent to the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on the same terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Change in Control Member, except that all of the obligations of the Members for indemnification under the definitive purchase agreement for the sale of the entire Company or the Membership Interests of the Company to the Independent Third Party will be several in proportion to their respective Sharing Ratios. The Change in Control Member shall bear a pro rata share (based on its Sharing Ratio) of transaction costs and expenses associated with the sale and shall take all necessary and reasonable actions required by the non-Change in Control Member in connection with the sale of the entire Company or all of the Membership Interests of the Company to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the non-Change in Control Member.

 

  Section 6.5. Assignees.

(a) The Company will not recognize for any purpose any purported Disposition of all or any portion of a Membership Interest unless the provisions of this Article 6 have been satisfied, all costs of such Disposition have been paid by the assigning Member, such Disposition is exempt from registration under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities act, and there is delivered to the Board, if requested by any member of the Board, an opinion of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Board with respect thereto, and there is filed with the Company a written and dated notification of such Disposition, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Board, executed by both the seller, assignor or transferor and the purchaser, assignee or transferee and the notification (1) contains the acceptance by the purchaser, assignee or transferee of an agreement to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement and (2) represents that such Disposition was made in accordance with all applicable securities Laws (including suitability standards). Any Disposition of all or any portion of a Membership Interest will be recognized by the Company as effective as of the date of the Disposition.

(b) A Person who is the assignee of all or any portion of a Membership Interest, but does not become a substituted Member pursuant to Section 6.6 , and desires to make a further assignment of such Membership Interest, will be subject to all the provisions of this Article 6 to the same extent and in the same manner as any Member desiring to make a Disposition of all or any portion of its Membership Interest.

(c) A Person who is the assignee of all or any portion of a Membership Interest, but does not become a substituted Member pursuant to Section 6.6 , will not be entitled to vote on, consent to, call for or approve any matters under this Agreement in the capacity as a Member, nor will such assignee’s interest be included in determining whether a quorum is present or a Majority or Supermajority vote or approval has occurred.

(d) A Person who is the assignee of a Membership Interest of a Member, and who also becomes a substituted Member pursuant to Section 6.6 , shall assume all of the rights (including the assignor’s right to be repaid the Company’s indebtedness to the assignor under the Credit Agreement) and all of the obligations of such Member (to the extent of the Sharing Ratio assigned) as a lender under the Credit Agreement.

 

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  Section 6.6. Additional and Substituted Members.

(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article 6 , no Member may substitute in its place a purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, heir, legatee, distributee or other recipient of all or any portion of the Membership Interest of such Member. Subject to Section 6.6(b) , any such purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, heir, legatee, distributee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Membership Interest will be admitted to the Company as a substituted Member only with the consent of the other Members, which consent may be granted or withheld by the other Members in their sole and absolute discretion.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 6.6(a) , the other Members may not unreasonably withhold their consent to admit as a substituted Member (i) a purchaser of a Membership Interest from Banks that acquired such Membership Interest in a Foreclosure or (ii) the Person acquiring the Membership Interest upon a Change in Control, provided that the period of time during which the other Members may exercise their rights under Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 has lapsed or the other Members have elected not to pursue their rights under Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 , as the case may be. The parties acknowledge that it will not be unreasonable for any Member may withhold its consent if such purchaser or any of its Affiliates is a competitor of the Business or of the Member, or if the Member determines in good faith that the admission of such purchaser as a substituted Member could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company or its Subsidiaries or the Member or their respective business or prospects.

 

  Section 6.7. Sale-Purchase of Interest Between Members .

On and after the third anniversary of the date of this Agreement, except during any period of time in which a Member has a right to purchase or force the sale of any Membership Interest pursuant to Section 6.2 , Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 , either the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, or the Watco Members acting jointly, on the other hand, may offer to purchase all of the Membership Interest of the other Member or Members, in accordance with the following terms and conditions:

(a) Either the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, or the Watco Members acting jointly, on the other hand (such Member (in the case of the Greenbrier Member) or Members (in the case of the Watco Members) being referred to in this Section 6.7 as the “ Offeror Member ”), may invoke the provisions of this Section 6.7 by giving notice of the Offeror Member’s intention to the other Member(s) (such other Member (in the case of the Greenbrier Member) or Members (in the case of the Watco Members) being referred to in this Section 6.7 as the “ Offeree Member ”), which notice must include:

(1) a statement of the Offeror Member’s intention to invoke the provisions of this Section 6.7 ; and

 

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(2) the terms and conditions of the Offeror Member’s offer to purchase all of the Membership Interest owned by the Offeree Member, including the following:

(A) the consideration, in terms of money, for which the Offeror Member is willing to purchase all of the Membership Interest of the Offeree Member, which consideration must be payable in cash at the closing of such sale and purchase;

(B) the date of closing, which date of closing may not be later than ninety (90) days after the date that such notice is given and which closing must take place at the principal office of the Company; and

(C) reasonable evidence that the conditions precedent that are set forth in Section 6.5(d) will be satisfied at closing.

Upon receipt of the notice by the Offeree Member, the Offeree Member may not thereafter invoke the provisions of this Section 6.7 .

(b) Upon receipt of the notice, the Offeree Member will either:

(1) sell the Offeree Member’s Membership Interest to the Offeror Member, upon the terms and conditions stated in the notice; or

(2) purchase all of the Membership Interest owned by the Offeror Member, upon the same terms and conditions as stated in the notice for the purchase of the Offeree Member’s Membership Interest, except that, if the Sharing Ratio held by the Offeror Member is different from the Sharing Ratio held by the Offeree Member, the consideration for which the Offeror Member is willing to purchase the Offeree Member’s Interest will be adjusted proportionately.

(c) The Offeree Member must notify the Offeror Member of its decision under Section 6.7(b) within sixty (60) days after the receipt of the notice from the Offeror Member by giving notice of this exercise to the Offeror Member. The exercise of the Offeree Member’s option will create a binding contract between the Members. If the Offeree Member does not provide such notice of exercise within such sixty (60) day period, then the Offeree Member will be deemed to have accepted the Offeror Member’s offer to purchase the Offeree Member’s Membership Interest, upon the terms and conditions (and on the date) stated in the notice from the Offeror Member.

(d) If the conditions precedent set forth in Section 6.5(d) (or any other conditions to the sale in the control of the purchasing Member) are not satisfied at or prior to closing, then the Member whose Membership Interest is being purchased under this Section 6.7 will not be obligated to consummate the sale of the Membership Interest and will be entitled to recover from the other Member all damages incurred by the Member as a result of the other Member’s failure to consummate the purchase of the Membership Interest and will be entitled to all other remedies available at law or in equity.

 

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(e) At the closing of the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest to be sold on the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.7 , the selling Member will assign and deliver the Membership Interest to the purchasing Member free and clear of any Encumbrances, together with such documents of transfer as is reasonably requested by the purchasing Member. Any transfer or similar taxes involved in such sale will be shared equally by the selling Member and the purchasing Member, and the selling Member will provide the purchasing Member with such tax lien waivers and similar instruments as the purchasing Member may reasonably request.

 

  Section 6.8. Right of First Offer.

(a) Right of First Offer . Provided that any proposed sale of a Membership Interest by a Member has been pre-approved in writing by the other Members, subject to Section 6.1(d) and subject to the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.8 , at any time, each Member will have a right of first offer if any other Member (such Member (in the case of the Greenbrier Member) or Members (in the case of the Watco Members), the “ Offering Member ”), proposes to sell any Membership Interest (the “ Offered Interest ”) owned by it to any Independent Third Party. Each time the Offering Member proposes to transfer any Offered Interest, the Offering Member will first make an offering of the Membership Interest to the other Member (if the Offering Member is one or both of the Watco Members) or Members (if the Offering Member is the Greenbrier Member) in accordance with the following provisions of this Section 6.8 .

(b) Offer Notice .

(1) The Offering Member will give written notice (the “ Offering Member Notice ”) to the Company and the other Member(s) stating its bona fide intention to transfer the Offered Interest and specifying the Sharing Ratio and the material terms and conditions, including the price, pursuant to which the Offering Member proposes to transfer the Offered Interest.

(2) The Offering Member Notice will constitute the Offering Member’s offer to transfer the Offered Interest to the other Member(s), which offer will be irrevocable for a period of thirty (30) days (the “ ROFO Notice Period ”).

(c) Exercise of Right of First Offer .

(1) Upon receipt of the Offering Member Notice, the Member(s) will have until the end of the ROFO Notice Period to offer to purchase all (but not less than all) of the Offered Interest by delivering a written notice (a “ ROFO Offer Notice ”) to the Offering Member and the Company stating that it offers to purchase such Offered Interest on the terms specified in the Offering Member Notice. Any ROFO Offer Notice so delivered will be binding upon delivery and irrevocable by the Member(s) (the “ Purchasing Member ”).

(2) Each Member that does not deliver a ROFO Offer Notice during the ROFO Notice Period will have waived all of its rights to purchase the Offered Interest under this Section 6.8 , and the Offering Member will thereafter, subject to the rights of any Purchasing Member, be free to transfer the Offered Interest to any Independent Third Party without any further obligation to the Member under this Section 6.8 .

 

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(d) Consummation of Sale . If no Member delivers a ROFO Offer Notice in accordance with Section 6.8(c) , the Offering Member may, during the 90 day period following the expiration of the ROFO Notice Period (the “ Waived ROFO Transfer Period ”), transfer all of the Offered Interest to an Independent Third Party on terms and conditions no more favorable to the Independent Third Party than those specified in the Offering Member Notice. If the Offering Member does not transfer the Offered Interest within the Waived ROFO Transfer Period or, if such transfer is not consummated within the Waived ROFO Transfer Period, the right provided hereunder will be deemed to be revived and the Offered Interest may not be offered to any Person unless first re-offered to the Members in accordance with this Section 6.8 .

(e) Cooperation . Each Member will take all actions reasonably necessary to consummate the sale contemplated by this Section 6.8 including entering into agreements and delivering certificates and instruments and consents as may be deemed necessary or appropriate. At the closing of any sale of an Offered Interest to be sold on the terms and conditions specified in this Section 6.8 , the Offering Member will assign and deliver the Offered Interest to the Purchasing Member free and clear of any Encumbrances, together with such documents of transfer as is reasonably requested by the Purchasing Member.

(f) Limited Application of Section . This Section 6.8 shall not apply to any transaction contemplated by any of Sections 6.2 , 6.3 , 6.4 or 6.7 .

 

  Section 6.9. Tag-Along Rights.

(a) Tag-Along . Other than in connection with a sale contemplated by Section 6.2 , Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 , if either the Greenbrier Member, on the one hand, or the Watco Members acting jointly, on the other hand (for purposes of this Section 6.9 , such Member (in the case of the Greenbrier Member) or Members (in the case of the Watco Members) a “ Seller ”) proposes to sell a Membership Interest representing more than 25% of the Sharing Ratios, and the proposed sale is pre-approved in writing by the other Members, then the Seller will be required to offer to the other Member(s) (the other Member (in the case of the Greenbrier Member) or Members (in the case of the Watco Members), the “ Tag-Along Holder ”), an election to Dispose of a portion of its Membership Interests in the proposed Disposition, based on the same pricing structure and on the same terms as the Seller is Disposing of its Membership Interests in the proposed Disposition, equal to the total Membership Interests proposed to be Disposed of in the proposed Disposition multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Membership Interests owned by the Tag-Along Holder immediately prior to the Disposition, and the denominator of which is the aggregate Membership Interests owned by the Seller and the Tag-Along Holder immediately prior to the Disposition. This election will be made by the Tag-Along Holder after the offer is made by the Seller to the Tag-Along Holder by providing written notice to the Seller of its election within ten days following the Tag-Along Holder’s receipt of the offer from the Seller.

(b) Certain Rights in Tag Along . In any sale of Membership Interests pursuant to this Section 6.9 , the Tag-Along Holder electing to Dispose of its Membership Interest will be required to make the same representations, warranties and indemnities and Dispose of such Membership Interests on the same terms and conditions, as the Seller, except that the obligations of the Members for indemnification will be several based on their respective Sharing Ratios.

 

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The Tag-Along Holder will bear a pro rata share (based on its Sharing Ratio) of transaction costs and expenses associated with the sale and will take all necessary and reasonable actions required by the Seller in connection with the sale of the Membership Interests of the Company on terms and conditions reasonably acceptable to the Tag-Along Holder.

ARTICLE 7

Books and Records; Accounting; Reporting; Tax Elections; Etc .

 

  Section 7.1. Books and Records; Financial Statements.

(a) The books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries will be maintained by the Company at its principal office and will be available for examination at such office by any Member or its duly authorized representatives upon reasonable notice.

(b) Financial statements (consisting of an unaudited balance sheet and unaudited profit and loss statement), in the form prepared for the Board, will also be delivered to the Members on a monthly basis, no later than ten (10) days after month end, and on a quarterly basis, no later than 20 days after quarter end.

(c) As soon as practicable following the end of each Fiscal Year (and in any event not later than 45 days after the end of each Fiscal Year), the Company will prepare and deliver to each Member:

(1) an audited balance sheet as of the end of such Fiscal Year and related audited financial statements for the year then ended in accordance with GAAP;

(2) information necessary for the Members to comply with reporting, disclosure, filing, record retention and other requirements imposed under applicable securities and tax Laws; and

(3) other pertinent information reasonably requested by any Member regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries.

(d) Nothing in this Section 7.1 is intended to limit the obligations of the Company under the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and Watco Companies or the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

 

  Section 7.2. Accounting Basis for Tax Reporting Purposes; Tax Matters Partner.

(a) Subject to Section 7.4 , the books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries will be kept on such method of reporting for tax and financial reporting purposes as the Board selects. Millennium Rail, Inc. will serve as the “tax matters partner” of the Company pursuant to Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code (“ TMP ”). However, TMP will not make or alter any tax election that it reasonably believes could adversely and disproportionately affect the other Members without obtaining written approval from the other Members. The Members specifically acknowledge that TMP will not be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Company or any Member with respect to any action taken by it in its capacity as a tax

 

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matters partner in good faith and in a manner TMP reasonably believed to be consistent with this Agreement and applicable Law. All reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by TMP in this capacity will be considered expenses of the Company for which TMP is entitled to full reimbursement. TMP shall cause to be prepared and filed all federal, national, provincial, state and local tax returns of the Company. Prompt notice shall be given to each of the Members upon the receipt of advice that the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authority intends to examine any income tax return or records or books of the Company. TMP shall act in such capacity reasonably at all times, shall keep the other Members informed as to its actions and the status of the Company’s income tax affairs (including any threatened, pending or ongoing income tax audits) and shall take such action as may be necessary to cause any Member so requesting to become a “notice partner” within the meaning of Section 6223 of the Code and the Regulations thereunder. If an audit of any of the Company’s income tax returns shall occur, TMP shall not settle or otherwise compromise assertions of the auditing agent in a manner that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on any Member, as compared to the position taken on the Company’s tax returns, without the prior written consent of each such affected Member.

(b) Each Member shall be considered to have retained such rights (and obligations, if any) as are provided for under the Code or any other applicable Law with respect to any examination, proposed adjustment or proceeding relating to Company tax items (including its rights under Section 6224(c) of the Code and its right to notice of any proposed tax settlements in any court case involving the Company). TMP shall notify the Members, within thirty (30) days after TMP receives notice from the IRS or any other taxing authority, of any administrative proceeding with respect to an examination of, or proposed adjustment to, any Company tax items. TMP shall provide the Members with notice of its intention to extend the statute of limitations or file a tax claim in any court at least ten (10) days before taking such action and shall not take such action without the prior written approval of the Members. If the other Members notify TMP of their intention to represent themselves, or to obtain independent counsel and other advisors to represent them, in connection with any such examination, proceeding or proposed adjustment, TMP agrees to supply such other Members and their counsel and other advisors, as the case may be, with copies of all written communications received by TMP with respect thereto, together with such other information as they may reasonably request in connection therewith. TMP further agrees, in that event, to cooperate with such other Members and their counsel and other advisors, as the case may be, in connection with their separate representation, to the extent reasonably practicable and at the sole cost and expense of such other Members. In addition to the foregoing, TMP shall notify the Members prior to submitting a request for administrative adjustment on behalf of the Company.

(c) No Member, officer, agent or employee of the Company is authorized to, or may, file IRS Form 8832 (or such alternative or successor form) to elect to have the Company be classified as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. The Members agree to take such action as may be necessary or required (and permitted under the terms of this Agreement) to maintain the status of the Company as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.

(d) The provisions of this Section 7.2 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

 

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  Section 7.3. Tax Reports.

(a) Upon written request, the tax matters partner of the Company will provide the other Members a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on all income tax returns prior to the filing of such income tax returns. As soon as is reasonably practicable after the end of each Fiscal Year, the tax matters partner will cause the Company to send to each Member a federal Schedule K-1 within 105 days after the end of each Fiscal Year and similar required information for state, local and foreign income tax purposes for the Fiscal Year that ended, together with such other tax information as is reasonably necessary for the preparation by such Member of its federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns by such date. The Board will also send to each Member any other reports or statements reasonably requested by such Member from time to time.

(b) The Company will provide to the Members any other financial or tax information regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries reasonably requested by a Member, including (1) book and tax basis information for the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ assets sufficient to allow a Member to satisfy its own obligations and make its own computations, allocations and adjustments under Code Sections 704(b), 704(c) and 754 and (2) access to the financial and tax service providers (including the Company’s accountants) of the Company.

 

  Section 7.4. Tax Elections.

The Company will make the following elections on the appropriate tax returns:

(a) to adopt as the Company’s fiscal year for tax purposes the period ending August 31;

(b) to adopt the accrual method of accounting;

(c) to elect to amortize the organizational expenses of the Company ratably over the period as permitted by Section 709(b) of the Code and to elect to amortize the start-up expenditures of the Company as permitted by Section 195(b) of the Code;

(d) an election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code (in the first year in which there is a transaction occurs that permits such election); and

(e) subject to Section 7.2 , any other election the Board deems appropriate.

The Company and its Members will take all necessary steps to cause the Company to be treated as a partnership for federal and applicable state income tax purposes. Neither the Company nor any Member will make an election for the Company to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Code or any similar provisions of applicable state Law, and no provision of this Agreement will be construed to sanction or approve such an election. In addition, the Company will not make an election under the Code (and applicable Treasury Regulations) or any similar provisions of applicable state Law, or take any other action that could result in the Company being treated as a corporation for income tax purposes without the unanimous approval of the Members.

 

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ARTICLE 8

Dissolution, Liquidation and Termination of the Company

 

  Section 8.1. Events Requiring Dissolution.

(a) The Company will be dissolved upon the first of the following to occur:

(1) upon the election to dissolve the Company by a Supermajority of the Members;

(2) upon the occurrence of an event as set forth in Section 18-801(a)(4) of the Act;

(3) the entry of a judgment, order or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating the Company to be Bankrupt, and the expiration without appeal of the period, if any, allowed by applicable Law in which to appeal therefrom;

(4) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under Section 18-802 of the Act; or

(5) upon the election of a Member to dissolve the Company pursuant to Section 4.7(d)(3) .

(b) The events set forth in Section 8.1(a) constitute the only means by which a dissolution of the Company will occur.

(c) Upon the occurrence of an event requiring the dissolution of the Company, the business and affairs of the Company will terminate, and the assets of the Company will be liquidated under this Article 8 ; provided, however , that upon a dissolution of the Company pursuant to Section 8.1(a)(2) , the Company may be reconstituted and continued if following such reconstitution and continuation there is at least one remaining Member and the business of the Company is continued by the consent of the Board and a Majority of the remaining Members within 90 days.

(d) Dissolution of the Company will be effective as of the day on which the event occurs giving rise to the dissolution, but the Company will not terminate until there has been a winding up of the Company’s business and affairs, and the assets of the Company have been distributed as provided in Section 8.2 .

 

  Section 8.2. Liquidation; Sale of Substantially all of the Assets.

(a) Subject to the restrictions and limitations contained in this Agreement, upon dissolution of the Company, the Board may cause any part or all of the Company assets to be sold in such manner as the Board determines in an effort to obtain commercially reasonable prices for such assets ( provided, however , that the Board may distribute Company assets in kind to the Members to the extent practicable, as and to the extent requested in writing by a Member without objection in writing by any other Members, within 30 days following receipt by such other Member of such written request). During the liquidation period, the Board may continue to operate and otherwise to deal with Company property to the same extent it has such right prior to the dissolution of the Company.

 

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(b) In settling accounts after dissolution, the assets of the Company will be paid or distributed in the following order:

(1) first, to creditors of the Company (including Members, Managers and any Affiliate of any Member or Manager, whether pursuant to the Credit Agreement or otherwise), in the order of priority as provided by applicable Laws (and in the case of the Members, in accordance with the Credit Agreement); and

(2) then, any remainder will be distributed to the Members, pro rata, in accordance with their respective Sharing Ratios.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Distributions will be made pursuant to this Section 8.2(b) before giving effect to the allocations of Profits, Losses and other items, pursuant to Section 5.2 .

It is the intention of the parties hereto that liquidating distributions of the Company be made in accordance with the positive Capital Accounts of the Members, to the extent possible. Items of income, gain, loss and deduction for the year of liquidation (including items of gross income) shall be allocated to cause the positive balances of the Capital Accounts of the Members to be equal to the amount which each Member is entitled to receive pursuant to Section 8.2(b)(2).

 

  Section 8.3. Distributions in Kind.

If any assets of the Company are distributed in kind pursuant to this Agreement, such assets will be distributed to the Members entitled thereto in the same proportions as the Members would have been entitled to cash Distributions if such property had been sold for cash at its fair market value and the net proceeds thereof distributed to the Members. If Distributions in kind are made to the Members upon dissolution and termination of the Company, the Capital Account balances of such Members will be adjusted to reflect the Members’ allocable share of gain or loss that would have resulted if the distributed property had been sold at its fair market value (as determined in accordance with the method for determining Book Value).

 

  Section 8.4. Date of Termination.

The Company will be terminated when all the cash or property available for application and distribution under Section 8.2 has been applied and distributed in accordance therewith and a Certificate of Termination has been filed pursuant to Section 8.6 .

 

  Section 8.5. Waiver of Partition.

Each Member hereby irrevocably waives any right or power it may possess to compel a partition or sale of any asset of the Company or to compel a winding up of the Company other than as expressly set forth in this Agreement, subject to any Distribution in kind pursuant to Section 8.2(a) .

 

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  Section 8.6. Certificate of Termination.

Upon the completion of winding up of the Company, the Board will thereafter cause to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State a Certificate of Termination, pursuant to the requirements of the Act, canceling the Certificate of Formation.

ARTICLE 9

Representations and Warranties of the Members

 

  Section 9.1. Acquisition of Interest for Investment.

Each Member hereby represents and warrants to the Company and the other Members that the acquisition of its Membership Interest is made for its own account for investment purposes only and not with a view toward the resale or distribution of such Membership Interest.

 

  Section 9.2. Access to Information.

Each Member has been afforded full opportunity to request any and all relevant information and ask questions concerning the proposed purposes and business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, has been provided all information and copies of documents it has requested and has received answers to such questions to its full satisfaction.

 

  Section 9.3. No Registration.

Each Member recognizes that the Membership Interests have not been registered under the Securities Act or applicable state securities Laws and are being sold pursuant to the exemptions from registration offered by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and by applicable state Law provisions. Each Member recognizes that, as a consequence, its Membership Interest must be held indefinitely unless it is subsequently registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities Laws, or an exemption from such registration is available, so that each Member must bear the economic risk of investment in its Membership Interest for an indefinite period of time.

 

  Section 9.4. No Obligation to Register.

Each Member acknowledges that neither the Company nor the Board is under any obligation to register the Membership Interests under any securities Laws, and none of them has any present intention to do so. Each Member understands that there is no established market for the Membership Interests, and it is extremely unlikely that any public or private market will develop.

 

  Section 9.5. Suitability of Investment.

Each Member understands the nature of the investment being made and that it involves a high degree of risk. Each Member recognizes that the Company is a newly organized entity and has no history of operations or earnings.

 

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  Section 9.6. No Tax Representations.

Each Member represents and warrants that it has consulted its own tax advisor with respect to the tax aspects of such Member’s acquisition and ownership of its Membership Interest. Each Member represents and warrants that it is not relying upon any representations that may have been made by the Company or any other Member as to any tax projections or tax consequences of the Member’s acquisition and ownership of its Membership Interest.

ARTICLE 10

Meetings of Members

Section 10.1. Place of Meetings.

All meetings of the Members will be held at the principal office of the Company or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware as may be determined by the Board and set forth in the respective notice or waivers of notice of such meeting.

Section 10.2. Meetings of Members.

Meetings of the Members may be called at any time by the Board or by any Member.

Section 10.3. Notice of Meetings of Members.

Written or printed notice stating the place, day and hour of the meeting will be delivered not less than three nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, either personally, by fax or by mail or email, by or at the direction of the Board to each Member of record entitled to vote at such meeting.

Section 10.4. Quorum.

One or more Members holding, in the aggregate, a majority of the Sharing Ratios constitutes a quorum at all meetings of the Members, except as otherwise provided by Law. If, however, a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Members, the Members entitled to vote at the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until the holders of the requisite amount of Sharing Ratios are present or represented. A Member may be present or may be represented by proxy for purposes of this Section 10.4 .

Section 10.5. Voting on Matters.

The vote of the Members holding, in the aggregate, a majority of the Sharing Ratios will be the act of the Members, unless otherwise expressly stated in this Agreement or the vote of a greater number is required by Law.

Section 10.6. List of Members Entitled to Vote.

The Board will cause to be made, at least two days before each meeting of the Members, a complete list of the Members entitled to vote at the meeting, or any adjournment of the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the Sharing Ratios held by each, which list, for a period of two days prior to the meeting, will be kept on file at the principal

 

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office of the Company and will be subject to inspection by any Member at any time during usual business hours. This list will also be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and will be subject to inspection of any Member during the whole time of the meeting. However, failure to comply with the requirements of this Section 10.6 will not affect the validity of any action taken at the meeting.

Section 10.7. Registered Members.

The Company may treat the holder of record of any Membership Interest as the holder in fact of such Membership Interest for all purposes, and accordingly will not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such Membership Interest on the part of any other Person, whether or not it has express or other notice of such claim or interest, except as expressly provided by this Agreement or the Laws of the State of Delaware.

Section 10.8. Actions With or Without a Meeting and Telephone Meetings.

Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Article 10 , all actions of the Members provided for herein will be taken either at a meeting and evidenced by written minutes thereof executed by an authorized Member or by written consent without a meeting. Any meeting of the Members may be held by means of a telephone conference in which all of the Members can hear or otherwise communicate with each other. Any action that may be taken by the Members without a meeting will be effective only if the written consent (or consents) with respect thereto sets forth the action so taken, and is signed by the holder or holders of Sharing Ratios constituting not less than the minimum amount of Sharing Ratios that would be necessary to take such action at a meeting at which the holders of all Sharing Ratios entitled to vote on the action were present and voted. If any action or decision permitted by this Agreement to be taken or made by less than all of the Members is taken or made by a written consent signed by less than all of the Members, the Company will, on the day such action is taken or such decision is made, give written notice of the action taken or the decision made to the Member(s) who did not sign the written consent.

ARTICLE 11

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 11.1. Address for Notices.

All notices, demands, consents, approvals and reports provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be given to the parties at the addresses set forth herein or at such other addresses as the Member may hereafter specify in writing. Such notices may be delivered by hand, may be mailed, postage prepaid, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, by a deposit in a depository for the receipt of mail regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service, or may be sent by nationally recognized overnight delivery service (e.g., FedEx), freight prepaid. All notices that are hand delivered will be deemed given on the date of delivery. All notices that are mailed in the manner provided above will be deemed given five days after being mailed. All notices that are sent by nationally recognized overnight delivery service in the manner provided above will be deemed given on the first Business Day after the Business Day on which the sending Member delivered the notice to the overnight delivery service.

 

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Section 11.2. Additional Documents and Acts.

In connection with this Agreement, as well as all transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Members agree to execute such additional documents and papers, and to perform and do such additional acts as may be necessary and proper to effectuate and carry out all of the provisions of this Agreement.

Section 11.3. Applicable Law; Forum; Waiver of Jury Trial.

(a) This Agreement and the application or interpretation hereof, are governed exclusively by the Laws of the State of Delaware, and specifically the Act.

(b) Any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, must be brought in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the District of Delaware, or the courts of the State of Delaware, so long as one of such courts have subject-matter jurisdiction over the suit, action or proceeding, and that any cause of action arising out of this Agreement will be deemed to have arisen from a transaction of business in the State of Delaware. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, any objection that it may now or later have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding that is brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient form. Service of process, summons, notice or other document by registered mail to the address set forth in Schedule 1 will be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court.

(c) The Members hereby knowingly, voluntarily, and intentionally waive any rights they may have to a trial by jury in respect of any litigation based hereon, or arising out of, under, or in connection with, this Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.

Section 11.4. Confidentiality.

The terms of this Agreement, the terms of the Transaction Documents, the identity of any Member, any principal of a Member or any Affiliate of any Member or the relative or absolute rights or interests of any of the Members, all business, financial or other information relating directly to the conduct of the business and affairs of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and the identity of any Person with whom the Company may be holding discussions with respect to any investment, acquisition or other transaction or in whom the Company may invest directly or indirectly (collectively, the “ Information ”) that has not been publicly disclosed with the consent of the Board is confidential and proprietary information of the Company the disclosure of which would cause irreparable harm to the Company and the Members. Notwithstanding the foregoing, “ Information ” shall not include (a) information that is or becomes publicly available other than by the act or omission of a Member or any Affiliate of any Member in violation of this Agreement, or (b) information that is independently developed by a Member or any Affiliate of any Member without using Information in violation of this Agreement. Accordingly, each Member, Manager and Officer will not (and each Member will direct its shareholders, partners,

 

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members, directors, officers, managers, agents, employees, advisors (including any appraiser selected by or on behalf of it), and Affiliates (including all Board observers) not to) disclose to any Person any Information or confirm any statement made by third persons regarding Information unless the Board consents thereto or until the Company has publicly disclosed the Information. The covenants contained in this Section 11.4 will survive the Disposition of the Membership Interest of any Member and the termination of the Company and, in the case of each Manager and Officer, such Person ceasing to be a Manager or Officer.

Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Section 11.4 , any Member may, without breach of the covenants set forth in this Section 11.4 and without notice to or consent of the Board, disclose any Information in any filing required of such Member or such Member’s Affiliate with any securities commission or other regulatory agency, to any financial advisors, accountants, attorneys, employees, or similar representatives or as may be required by applicable Law or the securities listing requirements applicable to such Member or such Member’s Affiliates. For the avoidance of doubt, disclosure of Information by a Member or any of its Affiliates as contemplated by (i) the Contribution Agreement, (ii) the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and Watco Companies or (iii) the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. shall not constitute a breach of this Section 11.4 . Nothing in this Section 11.4 is intended to modify or supersede the terms of the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and Watco Companies or the Information Sharing and Cooperation Agreement between the Company and The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

Section 11.5. Amendments.

(a) Requirements . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, the Certificate of Formation and this Agreement may be amended, or compliance herewith waived, by action of a Supermajority of the Members; provided, however , that any amendment or modification (i) altering any Member’s share of allocations of Profits (or any item thereof) and Losses (or any item thereof) or Distributions (other than as a result of the issuance of additional Membership Interests or adjustments to Sharing Ratios as expressly permitted herein), (ii) altering any Member’s voting rights or the composition of the Board and Board voting rights (other than as expressly provided herein), (iii) modifying in any manner a Member’s obligation to make Capital Contributions or loans or otherwise modifying Article 3 or Section 5.1 , (iv) otherwise altering the limited liability of a Member, or (v) amending Section 2.5 , Section 4.10 , Section 4.11 , Section 8.2 or Section 11.4 , requires the consent of each Member affected thereby.

(b) Amendments Without Consent . In addition to amendments pursuant to Section 11.5(a) , amendments of this Agreement may be made from time to time by the Board, without the consent of any of the Members, (i) to cure any ambiguity, or to correct or supplement any provision hereof that may be inconsistent with any other provision hereof, (ii) to delete or add any provision of this Agreement required to be so deleted or added by any state or provincial securities commissioner or similar official, which addition or deletion is deemed by such commission or official to be for the benefit or protection of the Members, (iii) to revise this Agreement as necessary to comply or conform with any revisions in applicable Laws governing the Company, (iv) to effect a change that the Board in its sole discretion determines to be necessary or desirable to qualify or continue the qualification of the Company as a limited

 

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liability company or as an Entity in which the Members have limited liability under the Laws of any state or to ensure that the Company will not be taxed as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, and (v) to reflect the admission of substituted Members in the Company; provided however , that no amendment may be adopted pursuant to clauses (i) through (v) above unless the adoption thereof, in the opinion of the Board, is for the benefit of or not adverse to the interest of the Members and, in the opinion of counsel, does not affect the limited liability of the Members or the status of the Company as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The Board will promptly notify the Members of any amendment adopted pursuant to clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 11.5(b) .

Section 11.6. Binding Effect.

Except as herein otherwise provided to the contrary, this Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Members, their distributees, heirs, legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

Section 11.7. No State-Law Partnership.

The Members intend that the Company not be a partnership (including a limited partnership) or joint venture, and that no Member be a partner or joint venturer of any other Member, for any purposes other than federal and state tax purposes, and this Agreement may not be construed to suggest otherwise.

Section 11.8. Entire Agreement.

This Agreement, along with the Transaction Documents (as defined in the Contribution Agreement), contain all of the understandings and agreements of whatsoever kind and nature existing between the Members with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and undertakings with respect thereto, including the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company dated July 14, 2014.

Section 11.9. Severability.

Every provision hereof is intended to be severable, and if any term or provision hereof is illegal or invalid for any reason whatsoever, such illegality or invalidity will not affect the validity of the remainder of this Agreement.

Section 11.10. No Waiver.

No waiver, express or implied, by any Member of any breach or default by any other Member in the performance by the other Member of its obligations hereunder will be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any other breach or default under this Agreement. Failure on the part of any Member to complain of any act or omission of any other Member, or to declare such other Member in default irrespective of how long such failure continues, will not constitute a waiver hereunder. No notice to or demand on a defaulting Member will entitle such defaulting Member to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.

 

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Section 11.11. Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed and delivered in multiple counterparts, including by email, facsimile, pdf, or other electronic means, each of which will be deemed to be an original, will be binding upon the Member who executed the same, and all of such counterparts will constitute the same agreement.

Section 11.12. Approvals.

Except where otherwise indicated, all approval, waiver, consent and other similar rights of the Board and the Members pursuant to this Agreement may be exercised by the Board and Members, and such approvals, waivers, consents and other similar rights may be granted or denied by such Managers and Members, in their sole and absolute discretion. Each Manager, in making any decisions or determinations or taking any actions in the capacity of a Manager, in regard to approvals, consents and other similar rights, or otherwise, may consider and favor the rights and interests of the Member that appointed or designated such Manager (including the rights and interests of such Member’s Affiliates) rather than the rights and interests of all Members, or the Company and its Subsidiaries, as a whole, and, except to the extent specifically set forth in this Agreement, such decision, determination or action will not be a breach of any fiduciary duty to the Company, and the Manager will not be required to abstain from participating in regard to any decisions or determinations or taking any actions (or any approvals, consents and other similar rights relating thereto) that directly or indirectly affect or involve the rights or interests of such Member (or the rights or interests of such Member’s Affiliates).

Section 11.13. Creditors and Other Third Parties Not Benefited.

Nothing in this Agreement is intended to nor will it benefit any creditor of the Company or any other third party. Except as provided herein or in the Credit Agreement, no creditor of the Company or other third party will be entitled to require the Board to solicit or accept any loan or Capital Contribution for the Company or to enforce any right that the Company or any Member may have against a Member, whether arising under this Agreement or otherwise.

Section 11.14. Successors and Assigns.

This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Members, and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns; provided, however , that nothing contained herein negates or diminishes the restrictions set forth in Article 6 .

Section 11.15. Exhibits and Schedules.

Each exhibit and schedule to this Agreement is incorporated herein for all purposes.

[Signature page follows]

 

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Each of the undersigned, being the Members of the Company, have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Effective Date.

 

GREENBRIER MEMBER:     GREENBRIER RAIL SERVICES HOLDINGS, LLC
    By:  

/s/ Mark J. Rittenbaum

    Name:   Mark J. Rittenbaum
    Title:   Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
WATCO MEMBERS:     WATCO MECHANICAL SERVICES, L.L.C.
    By:  

/s/ Rick D. Baden

    Name:   Rick D. Baden
    Title:   President and Chief Operating Officer
    MILLENNIUM RAIL, INC.
    By:  

/s/ Rick D. Baden

    Name:   Rick D. Baden
    Title:   President and Chief Operating Officer

A MENDED AND R ESTATED L IMITED L IABILITY C OMPANY A GREEMENT

S IGNATURE P AGE


EXHIBIT A

Glossary; Certain Interpretive Matters

1. “ Act ” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.

2. “ Additional Capital Contribution ” means any amount contributed or deemed to be contributed as equity to the capital of the Company by the Members pursuant to the second sentence of Section 3.1, Section 3.2 , Section 3.8(b)(2) or Section 3.8(d) , or a Shortfall Capital Contribution.

3. “ Adjusted Capital Account ” means, with respect to any Member, such Member’s Capital Account as of the end of any relevant date after giving effect to the following adjustments:

(a) credit to such Capital Account any amounts which such Member is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c), 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5); and

(b) debit to such Capital Account the items described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6).

The foregoing definition of “Adjusted Capital Account” is intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii) and 1.704-2, and is to be interpreted consistently therewith.

4. “ Adjusted Capital Account Deficit ” means, with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in that Member’s Adjusted Capital Account.

5. “ Adjusted EBITDA ” means the Company’s net income (as determined in accordance with GAAP and consolidated with its Subsidiaries to the extent applicable) for the fiscal quarter then ended, adjusted (with the following amounts determined in accordance with GAAP) as follows:

(a) plus the sum of all amounts deducted in arriving at such net income amount in respect of (i) third-party interest expense for such period, (ii) federal, state, local and foreign income taxes for such period, (iii) depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets for such period, (iv) losses incurred in connection with the sale of fixed assets during such period, (v) other non-cash charges (including non-cash goodwill impairments) incurred during such period, and (vi) other non-cash extraordinary losses incurred outside the ordinary course of business during such period;

(b) minus , to the extent included in arriving at such net income amount, (i) gains (as determined in accordance with GAAP) in connection with the sale of fixed assets during such period, (ii) other non-cash extraordinary gains incurred outside the ordinary course of business during such period, and (iii) other non-cash gains (including non-cash goodwill gains) incurred during such period; and

 

Exhibit A


(c) plus or minus , as applicable, any other special or non-recurring items as determined by a Supermajority vote of the Board.

6. “ Affiliate ” means any Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person to whom reference is made.

7. “ Affiliate Transaction ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6(c) .

8. “ Agreement ” means this Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement.

9. “ Annual Business Plan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.7(a) .

10. “ Applicable Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2(a) .

11. “ Banks ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(a) .

12. “ Bankruptcy ” or “ Bankrupt ” means, with respect to any Person, that (a) the Person: (i) makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (ii) files a voluntary bankruptcy petition; (iii) becomes the subject of an order for relief or is declared insolvent in any federal or state bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings; (iv) files a petition or answer seeking for such Person a reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, winding up, dissolution, or similar relief under any Law; (v) files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against the Person in a proceeding of the type described in subclauses (i) through (iv) of this clause (a); or (vi) seeks, consents to, or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver, or liquidator of such Person’s, or of all or any substantial part of the Person’s, properties; or (b) a proceeding seeking reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, winding up, dissolution, or similar relief under any Law has been commenced against the Person and 90 days have expired without dismissal thereof or with respect to which, without the Person’s consent or acquiescence, a trustee, receiver, or liquidator of the Person or of all or any substantial part of the Person’s properties has been appointed and 90 days have expired without the appointment having been vacated or stayed, or 90 days have expired after the date of expiration of a stay, if the appointment has not previously been vacated.

13. “ Bankrupt Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2(a) .

14. “ Board ” means the Board of Managers of the Company as defined in Section 4.1(a) .

15. “ Book Value ” means, with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, further as described in Schedule 1 with regard to the determination of fair market value for the purposes described in this definition and as follows: (a) the initial Book Value of any asset contributed by a Member to the Company will be the fair market value of such asset, as determined by agreement of the contributing Member and the Board; (b) the Book Value of all Company assets will be adjusted in the event of a revaluation to equal their

 

Exhibit A


respective gross fair market values, as reasonably determined by the Board, as of the following times: (1) the acquisition of any additional Membership Interest in the Company by a new or existing Member in consideration for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (2) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property (other than cash) as consideration for all or a part of such Member’s Membership Interest in the Company; (3) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)( g ); and (4) in connection with the grant of an interest in the Company (other than a de minimis interest) as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Company by an existing Member acting in a member capacity, or by a new Member acting in a member capacity in anticipation of being a Member; (c) the Book Value of any Company asset distributed to any Member will be the fair market value of such asset on the date of distribution, as determined by the Board; (d) such Book Value will be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such asset for purposes of computing Profits and Losses; and (e) the Book Value of all Company assets will be adjusted to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m). For the avoidance of doubt, Book Value will not refer to computations described for GAAP purposes.

16. “ Business ” means the building, acquiring, owning, leasing, subleasing or operating of any railcar repair, refurbishment or maintenance facility or business in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For the sake of clarity, the Business shall not include (i) the manufacturing, repairing, refurbishing and selling of railcar wheels and parts, (ii) the repairing and leasing of locomotives, (iii) the performing (or arranging to perform) of running repairs to railcars pursuant to the rules of the Association of American Railroads while such railcars are located on a rail line, and (iv) the manufacturing, operating, leasing, managing or controlling of railcars.

17. “ Business Day ” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which nationally chartered banks are authorized or required to close.

18. “ Capital Account ” means, with respect to any Member, the account maintained for the Member as set forth herein in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) (and, for the avoidance of doubt, will not refer to computations described for GAAP purposes).

19. “ Capital Contributions ” means the total of all equity capital contributions of the Members pursuant to this Agreement, including the Initial Capital Contributions and the Additional Capital Contributions.

20. “ Capital Event ” means the sale or exchange of substantially all of the assets of the Company or a sale or exchange associated with the dissolution and liquidation of the Company, as described in Article XIII hereof.

21. “ Capital Event Profits ” means the Profits of the Company derived from a Capital Event

 

Exhibit A


22. “Capital Event Losses” means the Losses of the Company derived from a Capital Event.

23. “ Certificate of Formation ” means the Certificate of Formation of the Company filed with the Delaware Secretary of State.

24. “ Change in Control ”, means (a) with respect to the Watco Members, (i) the occurrence of any event the result of which is that either Watco Member is no longer directly or indirectly wholly-owned by Watco Parent, and (ii) the occurrence of any event the result of which is a “Change of Control” as defined in the Indenture dated as of March 22, 2013 among Watco Companies, Watco Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation (as the issuers), the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (other than item (6) of this definition of “Change of Control”, which will be deemed to be deleted for purpose of this Agreement), as of the date of this Agreement (and without giving effect to any subsequent amendment of the Indenture); and (b) with respect to the Greenbrier Member, (i) the occurrence of any event the result of which is that the Greenbrier Member is no longer directly or indirectly wholly-owned by Greenbrier Parent, and (ii) the occurrence of any event the result of which is a “Change of Control” as defined in the Indenture dated as of April 5, 2011 between The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. (as the issuer) and U.S. Bank National Association (as trustee), as of the date of this Agreement (and without giving effect to any subsequent amendment of the Indenture).

25. “ Change in Control Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(a) .

26. “ Change in Control Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(a) .

27. “ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

28. “ Commitment ” means with respect to each Member, the aggregate amount of cash agreed to be contributed as capital to the Company by such Member as specified in this Agreement or the Contribution Agreement or loaned to the Company by such Member as specified in this Agreement or the Credit Agreement.

29. “ Company ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory clauses to this Agreement.

30. “ Contribution Agreement ” means the Contribution Agreement dated the Effective Date among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., Watco Companies and the Company.

31. “ Control ” (including the correlative terms “ Controlling ,” “ Controlled by ” and “ under common Control with ”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting equity interests, by contract or otherwise.

32. “ Credit Agreement ” means the Credit Agreement, dated as of even date herewith, among the Company, as the borrower, the Greenbrier Member, as the agent, and The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C. and Millennium Rail, Inc., as the lenders.

 

Exhibit A


33. “ Default Interest Rate ” means a rate per annum equal to the lesser of (a) the LIBOR Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 800 basis points and (b) the maximum rate permitted by applicable Law, in each case accruing daily and compounding on a quarterly basis.

34. “ Depreciation ” means, for each Fiscal Year or other period, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction allowable with respect to an asset for such year or other period, except that if the Book Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such year or other period (as a result of property contributions or adjustments to such values as described in Book Value), Depreciation for such year or other period will be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv), Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-3(d) and other applicable authority based upon the method for tax allocations described in Section 5.2(e) . For the avoidance of doubt, Depreciation will not refer to computations described for GAAP purposes.

35. “ Dispose ,” “ Disposed ” or “ Disposition ” means, with respect to any asset (including Membership Interests or any portion thereof), a sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, gift, pledge, Encumbrance, hypothecation, exchange, or other disposition of the asset, whether such disposition be voluntary, involuntary or by operation of Law.

36. “ Disputed Subject ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17 .

37. “ Distributions ” means any distributions by the Company to the Members of Adjusted EBITDA, cash in excess of Adjusted EBITDA, liquidation proceeds or other amounts, or distribution of property other than money based upon its fair market value.

38. “ Duff & Phelps Report ” means the report prepared by Duff & Phelps, LLC relating to the business enterprise value of the Company, a preliminary draft of which has been provided to the Members.

39. “ Effective Date ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory clauses to this Agreement.

40. “ Encumbrance ” means any lien, order, security interest, hypothec, contract, easement, covenant, community property interest, equitable interest, right of first refusal, or restriction of any kind, including any restriction on use, voting, transfer, receipt of income, or exercise of any other attribute of ownership.

41. “ Entity ” means a Person other than a natural person.

42. “ Fair Market Value ” means, with respect to a Membership Interest, the fair market value of the Company as a going concern multiplied by the Sharing Ratio associated with the Membership Interest (without any discounts for such items as lack of control, lack of marketability or other similar valuation discounts, and taking into account the assumption of the rights and obligations under the Credit Agreement pursuant to Section 6.5 ) as of the date of determination of the Fair Market Value.

 

Exhibit A


43. “ Fiscal Year ” means the fiscal year of the Company for tax return purposes as established in Section 7.4 .

44. “ Foreclosure ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .

45. “ Foreclosure Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .

46. “ Foreclosure Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) .

47. “ Funding Call ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a) .

48. “ Funding Deadline ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

49. “ Funding Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a) .

50. “ Funding Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

51. “ Funding Member Deemed Capital Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(b) .

52. “ GAAP ” means United States generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.

53. “ Governmental Authority ” means any court, tribunal, arbitrator, authority, agency, executive body, legislative body, branch, department, commission, official or other instrumentality of the United States, Canada or Mexico or any state, province, county, city or other political subdivision or similar governing entity, and including any governmental, quasi-governmental or non-governmental body administering, regulating or having general oversight over the Business.

54. “ Greenbrier Member ” means Greenbrier Rail Services Holdings, LLC, an Oregon limited liability company, and any permitted assignee or successor(s)-in-interest with respect to all or any part of the Membership Interest of the Greenbrier Member, provided that any Persons comprising the Greenbrier Member must act collectively in regard to the exercise of any rights of the Greenbrier Member under this Agreement.

55. “ Independent Third Party ” means, with respect to any Member, any Person who is not an Affiliate of such Member.

56. “ Information ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.4 .

57. “ Initial Capital Contribution ” means, as to any Member, any amount contributed to the capital of the Company by the Member pursuant to the first sentence of Section 3.1 .

 

Exhibit A


58. “ Law ” or “ Laws ” means all domestic or foreign federal, state, territorial, provincial or local laws (statutory, common or otherwise), statutes, constitutions, treaties, conventions, rules, codes, regulations, ordinances, administrative interpretations, Orders and other pronouncements having the effect of law enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by any Governmental Authority.

59. “ Losses ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Profits”.

60. “ Majority ” means (a) with respect to the Members, a combination of such Members who, in the aggregate, own more than 50% of the Sharing Ratios owned by all of the Members entitled to vote on a particular matter and (b) with respect to the Managers, a combination of such Managers voting more than 50% of the Sharing Ratios entitled to vote on a particular matter, and (c) with respect to any other referenced group of Persons, more than 50% of the total number of such Persons entitled to vote on a particular matter.

61. “ Manager ” means any Person that is appointed or elected to act as a manager of the Company as provided herein. “ Managers ” means all such Persons collectively in their capacity as Managers of the Company.

62. “ Member ” means the Persons listed as members on Schedule 1 or any successor or successors to all or part of any such Member’s Membership Interest, or any Person admitted as an additional member to the Company, in each case in accordance with this Agreement and the Act, each in the capacity as a member of the Company. “ Members ” mean all such Persons collectively in their capacity as members of the Company.

63. “ Member Nonrecourse Debt ” means any nonrecourse debt (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4)) of the Company for which any Member bears the economic risk of loss, in accordance with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(4) and 1.752-2.

64. “ Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain ” means, for each Member, the amount of Minimum Gain for the Fiscal Year or other period attributable to such Member’s “partner nonrecourse debt,” determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).

65. “ Member Nonrecourse Deductions ” means any Losses or other losses or deductions of the Company that must be allocated to a Member who bears the economic risk of loss for the “partner nonrecourse liability” to which the Losses or other losses or other deductions relate, determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).

66. “ Membership Interest ” means all of the rights and obligations of a Member in respect of such Member’s ownership interest in the Company, including a Member’s Capital Account, Sharing Ratio Account, Sharing Ratio, Voting Rights, the right to receive allocations and Distributions to the extent provided under this Agreement, and any other rights and obligations of a Member under this Agreement.

 

Exhibit A


67. “ Minimum Gain ” means, with respect to all nonrecourse liabilities of the Company, the minimum amount of gain that would be realized by the Company if the Company Disposed of the Company property subject to such liability in full satisfaction thereof computed in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).

68. “ Minimum Gain Share ” means, for each Member, the Member’s share of Minimum Gain for the Fiscal Year (after taking into account any decrease in Minimum Gain for such year), such share to be determined under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g).

69. “ Non-Funding Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

70. “ Non-Funding Member Capital Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(b) .

71. “ Non - Funding Member Loan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(b) .

72. “ Nonrecourse Deductions ” means, for each Fiscal Year or other period, an amount of Company deductions that are characterized as “nonrecourse deductions” under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(c).

73. “ Notice Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2(c), 6.3(c) or 6.4(b) , as applicable.

74. “ Offered Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(a) .

75. “ Offeree Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.7(a) .

76. “ Offering Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(a) .

77. “ Offering Member Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(b)(1) .

78. “ Officer ” means a Chief Executive Officer, a President, any Vice President, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer and any other officer duly elected by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

79. “ Offeror Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.7(a) .

80. “Operational Profits” means all Profits of the Company other than Capital Event Profits.

81. “Operational Losses” means all Losses of the Company other than Capital Event Losses.

82. “ Order” means any award, decisions, injunction, judgment, order writ, decree, ruling or verdict entered, issued, made or rendered by any court, administrative agency or other Governmental Authority.

 

Exhibit A


83. “ Person ” means an individual, a corporation, a sole proprietorship, a partnership (general or limited), a limited liability company, an association, a trust, a joint venture, or any other entity or organization, including a Governmental Authority.

84. “ Prime Rate ” means a rate equal to the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal “Money Rates” table, adjusted daily. If multiple prime rates are quoted in the table, then the highest prime rate will be the Prime Rate.

85. “ Profits ” and “ Losses ” means, for each Fiscal Year or other period, an amount equal to the Company’s taxable income or loss for such year or period, determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a) (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss, or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Code Section 703(a)(1) will be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments:

(a) any income of the Company that is exempt from federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition will be added to such taxable income or loss;

(b) any expenditures of the Company described in Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) or treated as Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition, will be subtracted from such taxable income or loss;

(c) gain or loss resulting from any Disposition of Company property with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for federal income tax purposes will be computed by reference to the Book Value of the property Disposed of, notwithstanding that the adjusted tax basis of such property differs from such Book Value;

(d) in lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there will be taken into account depreciation for such Fiscal Year or other period, computed in accordance with the definition of “ Depreciation ” herein;

(e) if the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to paragraphs (b), (c) or (e) of Book Value, the amount of the adjustment will be treated as an item of gain or loss from the disposition of such asset and will be taken into account for purposes of computing Profit or Loss to the extent required to comply with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e), Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f)(2), and Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m); and

(f) to the extent not otherwise provided in this Agreement, any items that are specifically allocated pursuant to Section 5.2(c) will not be taken into account in computing Profits or Losses.

86. “ Purchaser ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2(c), 6.3(c) or 6.4(b) , as applicable.

 

Exhibit A


87. “ Purchasing Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(c)(1).

88. “ Regulatory Allocations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(d) .

89. “ ROFO Notice Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(b)(2) .

90. “ ROFO Offer Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(c)(1) .

91. “ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933.

92. “ Seller ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.2(c), 6.3(c), 6.4(b) or 6.9 , as applicable.

93. “ Sharing Ratio ” means the percentage assigned to such Member in accordance with Section 3.7 , as such percentage may change from time to time as provided in this Agreement.

94. “ Sharing Ratio Account ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7(a) .

95. “ Shortfall Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) .

96. “ Shortfall Capital Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b) .

97. “ Shortfall Distribution Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b) .

98. “ Shortfall Loan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b) .

99. “ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, (a) a corporation of which more than 50% of the voting power of shares entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors or other governing body of such corporation is owned, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, by such Person, by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or a combination thereof, (b) a partnership (whether general or limited) in which such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person is, at the date of determination, a limited or general partner of such partnership, but only if more than 50% of the partnership interests of such partnership (considering all of the partnership interests of the partnership as a single class) is owned, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, by such Person, by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or a combination thereof, or (c) any other Person (other than a corporation or a partnership) in which such Person, one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or a combination thereof, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination, has (i) at least a majority ownership interest or (ii) the power to elect or direct the election of a majority of the directors, managers or other governing body of such Person. Any references to “Subsidiary” or “Subsidiaries” in this Agreement shall be the Subsidiaries of the Company unless otherwise specifically indicated.

100. “ Supermajority ” means, with respect to any referenced group of Members, a combination of such Members who, in the aggregate, hold 66.7% or more of the Sharing Ratios held by all of the Members entitled to vote on a particular matter and, with respect to the Managers, a combination of the Managers entitled to vote on a particular matter voting 66.7% or more of the Sharing Ratios.

 

Exhibit A


101. “ Tag-Along Holder ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.9(a) .

102. “ Target Distribution Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b) .

103. “ Treasury Regulations ” means the Income Tax Regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations may be amended from time to time (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).

104. “ Voting Rights ” means a Person’s right to vote on, approve, consent to, or call for any particular action, decision or matter under this Agreement in such Person’s capacity as a Member or Manager (as applicable).

105. “ Waived ROFO Transfer Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.8(d) .

106. “ Watco Companies ” means Watco Companies, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company.

107. “ Watco Members ” means Watco Mechanical Services, L.L.C., a Kansas limited liability company, and Millennium Rail, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any permitted assignee(s) or successor(s)-in-interest with respect to all or any part of the Membership Interest of a Watco Member, provided that any Persons comprising the Watco Members must act collectively in regard to the exercise of any rights of the Watco Members under this Agreement.

 

Exhibit A


Interpretive Matters

In construing this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties that:

(a) the captions of the articles, sections or subsections, or to the Table of Contents in this Agreement are inserted for convenience in locating the provisions of this Agreement and not as an aid in its construction;

(b) examples are not to be construed to limit, expressly or by implication, the matter they illustrate;

(c) the word “includes” and its derivatives means “includes, but is not limited to,” and corresponding derivative expressions;

(d) a defined term has its defined meaning throughout this Agreement and each exhibit and schedule to this Agreement, regardless of whether it appears before or after the place where it is defined;

(e) the meanings of the defined terms are applicable to both the singular and plural forms thereof;

(f) all references to prices, values or monetary amounts refer to United States dollars;

(g) all references to articles, sections, paragraphs, clauses, exhibits or schedules refer to articles, sections, paragraphs and clauses of this Agreement, and to exhibits or schedules attached to this Agreement, unless expressly provided otherwise;

(h) each exhibit and schedule to this Agreement is a part of this Agreement and references to the term “Agreement” are deemed to include each such exhibit and schedule to this Agreement except to the extent that the context indicates otherwise, but if there is any conflict or inconsistency between the body of this Agreement and any exhibit or schedule, the provisions of the body of this Agreement will control;

(i) the words “this Agreement,” “herein,” “hereby,” “hereunder,” and words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular article, section or other subdivision, unless expressly so limited;

(j) the word “or” is disjunctive but not necessarily exclusive;

(k) all references to agreements or Laws are deemed to refer to such agreements or Laws as amended or revised or as in effect at the applicable time, including corresponding provisions of future agreements or Laws; and

(l) as used in this Agreement, accounting terms not defined in this Agreement, and accounting terms partly defined to the extent not defined, will have the respective meanings given to them under GAAP.

 

Exhibit A


EXHIBIT B

Example of Calculation of Sharing Ratios

[see attached]

 

Exhibit B

Exhibit 10.3

July 18, 2014

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, OR 97035

 

Re: Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2011 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”), among The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., an Oregon corporation (the “ Borrower ”), the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to the Credit Agreement. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned thereto in the Credit Agreement.

Consent

The Borrower has advised the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that it intends to form a joint venture with Watco Companies, L.L.C. the purpose of which is to conduct a railcar repair, refurbishment and maintenance business. The joint venture consists of GBW Railcar Services Holdings, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (“ Holdings ”), which is the parent company of various subsidiaries (Holdings and its subsidiaries are referred to herein collectively as the “ Joint Venture ”). Such transaction is more fully-described in that certain press release issued by the Borrower on June 4, 2014.

In connection therewith, the Borrower (directly or indirectly through its Subsidiaries) intends to (A) make an initial cash capital contribution to the Joint Venture of $15 million, (B) provide loans to the Joint Venture, (C) sell, assign, transfer, contribute or otherwise dispose of certain existing assets to the Joint Venture relating to the Borrower’s and its Subsidiaries’ railcar repair, refurbishment and maintenance business as existing and as conducted as of the date hereof (the “ Existing Business ”), which are used in the Existing Business as of the date hereof (including (i) customer lists, goodwill and other intangible assets, (ii) existing railcar repair business inventory (including work-in-process) the book value of which is estimated to be approximately $18 million which will be sold to the Joint Venture and is expected to be paid for by the Joint Venture within approximately 90 days after the closing of the JV Transactions (defined below), (iii) certain contracts, permits and agreements currently used by the Borrower or one or more of its Subsidiaries in the Existing Business and (iv) certain property leased by Borrower or one or more of its Subsidiaries and used in the Existing Business) or Equity Interests in Greenbrier Rail Services Canada Inc., Brandon Railroad LLC or other Subsidiaries, who at the time of transfer only have assets or operations relating to the Existing Business (which sale, assignment, transfer, contribution or disposition may be in conjunction with a restructuring which may include transferring such assets to one or more newly-formed Subsidiaries of Borrower prior to the closing of the JV Transactions), (D) lease or license to the Joint Venture other existing real estate and existing personal property used in the Existing Business having a net book value estimated to be approximately $24 million, which leased or licensed real estate and/or personal property may be sold, assigned, transferred, contributed or otherwise disposed of at a future date and may also be located at facilities of the lessee, licensee or transferee thereof and (E) provide services and seconded employees to the Joint Venture (collectively, the foregoing, including the future dispositions contemplated in clause (D) above, are referred to as the “ JV Transactions ”).

Notwithstanding anything in the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document to the contrary, the Required Lenders hereby consent to the JV Transactions, and agree that:

(1) the JV Transactions shall be additional exceptions to Section 6.05 of the Credit Agreement and the negative covenants (which for this purpose shall not include financial covenants)


currently contained in the Loan Documents and shall not be counted towards or included in any of the existing baskets set forth therein; provided that the amount of cash Investments (including loans and capital contributions) in the Joint Venture permitted under such additional exceptions shall not exceed $45 million outstanding at any time (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be net of the repayment of loans or distributions from the Joint Venture);

(2) (i) the Administrative Agent’s liens on the properties and assets transferred to the Joint Venture pursuant to the JV Transactions (but not the proceeds thereof) shall be automatically released upon transfer of title to the Joint Venture and (ii) upon the leasing by the Borrower or its Subsidiaries to the Joint Venture of equipment owned as of the date hereof (as described in subclause (D) of the immediately preceding paragraph) pursuant to the JV Transactions, the Administrative Agent’s liens on such equipment (but not the proceeds thereof) shall be automatically released, and, in each case described in the foregoing subclauses (i) and (ii), the Administrative Agent is authorized to provide (at the Borrower’s expense) any releases reasonably requested by the Joint Venture to evidence such release; provided that at such time, if any, that such equipment described in the foregoing subclause (ii) ceases to be leased to the Joint Venture (other than as a result of the transfer of title to such equipment to the Joint Venture) and is owned by a Loan Party, such Loan Party shall cause such equipment to be pledged as Collateral to secure the Obligations;

(3) the Administrative Agent shall have the power and authority to consent to, on behalf of the Lenders, any structural changes to such formation of the Joint Venture as necessary to close the JV Transactions under the terms of this letter agreement, including the execution and delivery of applicable subordination and non-disturbance agreements; and

(4) the Loan Parties shall pledge their Equity Interests in the Joint Venture to the Administrative Agent to secure the Obligations.

Amendments

In addition, the parties hereto agree that:

(a) the definition of “Consolidated Net Income” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

Consolidated Net Income ” means, for any period, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, the net income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (excluding extraordinary items) for that period; provided, however, that, without duplication, Consolidated Net Income shall be calculated without giving effect to (a) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles, (b) any write-off of deferred financing costs incurred as a result of the refinancing of Indebtedness, (c) purchase accounting adjustments required or permitted by GAAP, (d) any non-cash net after-tax income or loss from operating results of discontinued operations as determined by GAAP, and any after-tax gains or losses from sales of discontinued operations, (e) any non-cash impairment, charges or asset write-downs or write-offs (other than write-downs or write-offs of current assets), and (f) the net income (or loss) for such period of any Person that is not a Subsidiary; provided that Consolidated Net Income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be increased by the amount of dividends, distributions and other payments based on equity ownership that are actually paid in cash to the Borrower or a Subsidiary in respect of such period, in each case pursuant to GAAP.

 

2


(b) the definition of “Stockholders’ Equity” in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

Stockholders’ Equity ” means, as of any date of determination, consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (as reported as “Total equity – Greenbrier” on the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower, which shall not include equity attributable to non-controlling interests) as of that date determined in accordance with GAAP but excluding any non-cash impact of (i) goodwill impairment charges, (ii) increases (or decreases) from accumulated other comprehensive income (or loss) and (iii) the issuance of any equity or equity-linked securities.

(c) The second sentence in Section 1.03(c) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

All references herein to consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to include each variable interest entity (other than any such entity that is an SPE) that the Borrower is required to consolidate pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 46 – Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities: an interpretation of ARB No. 51 (January 2003) as if such variable interest entity were a Subsidiary as defined herein.

(d) existing Section 7.06(f) of the Credit Agreement is re-lettered to be Section 7.06(g) ; the “and” at the end of Section 7.06(e) of the Credit Agreement is deleted; and the following new Section 7.06(f) is added to the Credit Agreement to read as follows:

(f) to the extent constituting Restricted Payments, upon the vesting of Equity Interests pursuant to the terms of any agreement with employees, consultants or directors or pursuant to the terms of the Borrower’s equity compensation plans or agreements, the Borrower may (i) repurchase a portion of such Equity Interests (through any “net” settling of any Equity Interest or through a tax withholding feature of any Equity Interest) to the extent such repurchased Equity Interests represent the exercise price of options or warrants or the amount of withholding taxes due upon such exercise or vesting and (ii) make tax withholding payments on behalf of such employees, consultants or directors in connection therewith; and

(e) the annual limitation on capital expenditures set forth in Section 7.12 of the Credit Agreement for fiscal year 2014 is hereby increased from $50 million to $70 million.

Representations of Loan Parties

Each Loan Party hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that:

1. The representations and warranties of (i) the Borrower contained in Article V of the Credit Agreement and (ii) each Loan Party contained in each other Loan Document or in any document furnished at any time under or in connection herewith or therewith, are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date hereof, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date, and the representations and warranties contained in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 5.05 of the Credit Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01 of the Credit Agreement.

2. After giving effect to this letter agreement, no Default has occurred and is continuing.

Miscellaneous

This letter agreement is a Loan Document. All references in the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents to the “Credit Agreement” shall be deemed to refer to the Credit Agreement as amended hereby.

 

3


Except as modified hereby, all of the terms and provisions of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect.

This letter agreement shall become effective upon the execution hereof by the Loan Parties, the Required Lenders and the Administrative Agent.

This letter agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

This letter agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of executed counterparts of this Agreement by telecopy or .pdf shall be effective as an original.

[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]

 

4


This letter agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

Sincerely,

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent
By  

/s/ Joan Mok

Name:  

Joan Mok

Title:  

Vice President

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.


ACCEPTED AND AGREED AS OF THE DATE FIRST ABOVE WRITTEN:

 

BORROWER:     THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.,
    an Oregon corporation
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President, Corporate Finance
      and Treasurer
SUBSIDIARY      
GUARANTORS:     GUNDERSON LLC,
    an Oregon limited liability company
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER LEASING COMPANY, LLC,

an Oregon limited liability company

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER RAILCAR LLC,

an Oregon limited liability company

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GUNDERSON RAIL SERVICES LLC,

an Oregon limited liability company

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GUNDERSON MARINE LLC,

an Oregon limited liability company

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.


    GREENBRIER-CONCARRIL, LLC,
    a Delaware limited liability company
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER LEASING LIMITED PARTNER,

LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

    By: Greenbrier Leasing Company LLC
    Its: Sole Member
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER MANAGEMENT SERVICES,

LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

    By: Greenbrier Leasing Company LLC
    Its: Sole Member
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

BRANDON RAILROAD LLC,

an Oregon limited liability company

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

MERIDIAN RAIL HOLDINGS CORP.,

an Oregon corporation

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

MERIDIAN RAIL ACQUISITION CORP.,

an Oregon corporation

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.


    MERIDIAN RAIL MEXICO CITY CORP.
    an Oregon corporation
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER LEASING, L.P.,

a Delaware limited partnership

    By: Greenbrier Management Services, LLC
    Its:   General Partner
    By: Greenbrier Leasing Company LLC
    Its:   Sole Member
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GUNDERSON SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, LLC,

a Delaware limited liability company

    By:  Gunderson LLC
    Sole Member
    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

GREENBRIER RAILCAR LEASING, INC.

a Washington corporation

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer
   

AUTOSTACK COMPANY LLC,

an Oregon corporation

    By:  

/s/ Lorie L. Leeson

    Name:   Lorie L. Leeson
    Title:   Senior Vice President and Treasurer

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.


ACCEPTED AND AGREED AS OF THE DATE FIRST ABOVE WRITTEN:

 

LENDERS:    

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender and as L/C

Issuer and Swing Line Lender

    By  

/s/ Chris Swindell

    Name:  

Chris Swindell

    Title:  

SVP

    UNION BANK, N.A., as a Lender
    By  

/s/ Stephen Sloan

    Name:  

Stephen Sloan

    Title:  

Vice President

    FIFTH THIRD BANK, as a Lender
    By  

/s/ Mark G. Gerlach

    Name:  

Mark G. Gerlach

    Title:  

Vice President

    UMPQUA BANK, as a Lender
    By  

 

    Name:  

 

    Title:  

 

   

GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC, as a

Lender

    By  

/s/ Michelle Latzoni

    Name:  

Michelle Latzoni

    Title:  

Authorized Signatory

    BANK OF THE WEST, as a Lender
    By  

/s/ Brett German

    Name:  

Brett German

    Title:  

Vice President

   

CRÉDIT INDUSTRIEL ET COMMERCIAL, NEW

YORK BRANCH, as a Lender

    By  

 

    Name:  

 

    Title:  

 

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.


    COLUMBIA BANK, as a Lender
    By  

/s/ Kevin N. Meabon

    Name:  

Kevin N. Meabon

    Title:  

Senior Vice President

    THE PRIVATEBANK, as a Lender
    By  

/s/ Zach Leonard

    Name:  

Zach Leonard

    Title:  

Associate Managing Director

   

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

as a Lender

    By  

/s/ Rachelle Goude

    Name:  

Rachelle Goude

    Title:  

Vice President/Loan Team Manager

 

Fourth Amendment

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.