As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2014

Securities Act Registration No. 333-197328

Investment Company Registration No. 811-22979

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-2

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 x

Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1

Post-Effective Amendment No.

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 x

Amendment No. 1

 

 

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(212) 902-1000

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code

CAROLINE KRAUS, ESQ.

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

Copies to:

STEPHEN H. BIER, ESQ.

ALLISON M. FUMAI, ESQ.

Dechert LLP

1095 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10036-6797

 

CLIFFORD R. CONE, ESQ.

LEONARD B. MACKEY, JR., ESQ.

Clifford Chance US LLP

31 West 52nd Street

New York, NY 10019

 

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement


If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box ¨ .

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

¨ when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c)

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

Title of Securities Being
Registered
  Amount Being
Registered 2
  Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Unit 1
  Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price 1
  Amount of
Registration Fee 3

Common Shares, par value $.001

  50,000 shares   $20.00   $1,000,000   $128.80

 

 

1 Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee.
2 Includes shares that may be offered to the Underwriters pursuant to an option to cover over-allotments.
3   $128.80 of which has been previously paid.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such dates as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The Fund may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PROSPECTUS  

Subject to Completion

Preliminary Prospectus dated August 26, 2014

  LOGO

Shares

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

Common Shares

$20.00 per Share

 

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”) is a newly-organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Fund seeks a high level of total return with an emphasis on current distributions to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined herein) in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and other energy investments. The Fund’s MLP investments may include, but are not limited to, MLPs structured as limited partnerships (“LPs”) or limited liability companies (“LLCs”); MLPs that are organized as LPs or LLCs, but taxed as “C” corporations; equity securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by an MLP affiliate, including institutional units (“I-Units”) and MLP general partner or managing member interests; “C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs; MLP equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP convertible subordinated units and MLP preferred units; private investments in public equities (“PIPEs”) issued by MLPs; MLP debt securities; and other U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that provide exposure to the MLP market, including pooled investment vehicles that primarily hold MLP interests and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). The Fund’s other energy investments may include equity and fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies other than MLPs that (i) are classified by a third party as operating within the oil and gas storage, transportation, refining, marketing, drilling, exploration or production sub-industries or (ii) have at least 50% of their assets, income, sales or profits committed to, or derived from, the exploration, development, production, gathering, transportation (including marine), transmission, terminal operation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products, coal, electricity or other energy sources, energy-related equipment or services.

(continued on inside front cover)

No Prior History.      Because the Fund is newly organized, its common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) have no history of public trading. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value (“NAV”), which may increase investors’ risk of loss. This risk may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the public offering.

It is anticipated that the Common Shares will be approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “GER.”

Investors should consider their investment goals, time horizons and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors, and the Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. Before buying any Common Shares, you should read the discussion of the principal risks of investing in the Fund, which are summarized in “Prospectus Summary—Special Risk Considerations” beginning on page 14 and in “Principal Risks of the Fund” beginning on page 68.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

     Per Share      Total(3)  

Public offering price

   $ 20.00       $     

Sales load(1)

     $.90       $     

Estimated offering expenses

     $.04       $     

Proceeds, after expenses, to the Fund(2)

   $ 19.06       $     

(footnotes on inside front cover)

The underwriters expect to deliver the Common Shares to purchasers on or about             , 2014.

 

 

 

BofA Merrill Lynch   Morgan Stanley    Wells Fargo Securities
Citigroup      Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Barclays     Oppenheimer & Co.     RBC Capital Markets     Stifel
BB&T Capital Markets     Baird     J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC     Janney Montgomery Scott
Ladenburg Thalmann     Maxim Group LLC     Newbridge Securities Corporation     Pershing LLC
Southwest Securities     J.P. Turner & Company, L.L.C.     Wedbush Securities Inc.     Wunderlich Securities

 

 

The date of this prospectus is             , 2014.


(footnotes from previous page)

 

(1) Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “Investment Adviser”) (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from its own assets structuring fees to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) may also pay certain qualifying underwriters a structuring fee, a sales incentive fee or other additional compensation in connection with the offering. Because these fees are paid by the Investment Adviser, they are not reflected under sales load in the table above. The Investment Adviser intends to pay compensation to, and reimburse the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by, employees of one of its affiliates who participate in the marketing of the Common Shares. See “Underwriting—Other Relationships.”

 

(2) The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay (i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and (ii) offering expenses (other than the sales load) that exceed $.04 per Common Share. The Fund will reimburse the Investment Adviser for the compensation and reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by one of the Investment Adviser’s affiliates who participates in the marketing of the Common Shares, but only to the extent that such fees and reimbursements when added to all other Fund offering expenses (other than the sales load) do not exceed $.04 per Common Share. The Fund will pay offering expenses of the Fund (other than the sales load) up to $.04 per Common Share. Any offering expenses paid by the Fund will be deducted from the proceeds of the offering received by the Fund. After payment of such expenses, proceeds to the Fund will be $19.06 per share. The aggregate offering expenses (other than the sales load) to be borne by the Fund are estimated to be $                 (approximately $        per Common Share); therefore, offering expenses payable by the Investment Adviser are estimated to be $        ($            per Common Share). See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

(3) The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to      additional Common Shares at the public offering price, less the sales load, within 45 days of the date of this prospectus. If such option is exercised in full, the public offering price, sales load, estimated offering expenses and proceeds, after expenses, to the Fund will be $                , $                , $                 and $                , respectively. See “Underwriting.”

(continued from previous page)

The Fund’s MLP and other energy investments may also include companies that engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. The Fund may invest in shares of initial public offerings (“IPOs”), secondary market issuances and private transactions (including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and investments in private companies).

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets (as defined below) in U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that are not MLP or other energy investments.

The Fund currently expects to concentrate its investments in the energy sector, with an emphasis on midstream MLP investments. The Fund will invest in investments across the energy value chain, including upstream, midstream and downstream investments. Midstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the treatment, gathering, compression, processing, transportation, transmission, fractionation, storage and terminalling of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal. Midstream MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses including marketing of energy products and logistical services. Upstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. An upstream MLP’s cash flow and distributions are driven by the amount of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil produced and the demand for and price of such commodities. Downstream MLP investments include companies that are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources. The Fund’s MLP investments may be of any capitalization size.

“Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).

Portfolio Contents.     The Fund may also invest in securities and other instruments issued by income and royalty trusts and other issuers.

MLPs formed as LPs or LLCs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development,


mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs are generally publicly traded, are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and must make public filings like any publicly traded entity. The Fund may also invest in privately placed securities of publicly traded MLPs.

Tax Matters .    The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, unlike most investment companies, is subject to federal and applicable state corporate income tax to the extent the Fund recognizes taxable income. Given the Fund’s concentration in MLPs, the Fund is not eligible to be treated as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest historically have made cash distributions to limited partners or members that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion. If the cash distributions exceed the taxable income reported in a particular tax year, the excess cash distributions would not be taxed as income to the Fund in that tax year but rather would be treated as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Fund’s basis in its MLP units. Similarly, the Fund may distribute cash in excess of its earnings and profits (as computed for tax purposes) to its holders of Common Shares (“common shareholders”), which may be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes to the extent of the common shareholders’ bases in the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent that distributions to a common shareholder is treated as a return of capital, such shareholder’s basis in the Common Shares will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale or redemption of such shares. However, there can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized. If these expectations are not realized, the Fund will have more corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in less cash available to distribute to its common shareholders. Additionally, a greater portion of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. See “Taxation.”

Leverage .    As soon as practicable following the public offering of the Common Shares (subject to market conditions), the Fund intends to use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s use of leverage is subject to risks and will cause the Fund’s NAV to be more volatile than if leverage was not used. For example, a rise in short-term interest rates, which currently are near historically low levels, will cause the Fund’s NAV to decline more than if the Fund had not used leverage. A reduction in the Fund’s NAV and distributions may cause a reduction in the market price of its Common Shares. There is no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategies, if employed, will be successful. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Leverage Risk.”

The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities or notes issued by the Fund and the leverage attributable to similar transactions entered into by the Fund. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also issue preferred shares of beneficial interest (“Preferred Shares”) in an aggregate amount of up to 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after such issuance. The Fund initially intends to incur leverage through a credit facility representing approximately 25-30% of the Fund’s Managed Assets, but reserves the right to incur leverage to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act, as amended (the “1940 Act”). If the Fund uses leverage, the amount of fees paid to the Investment Adviser for its services will be higher than if the Fund does not use leverage, because the fees paid are calculated based on Managed Assets, which includes assets acquired with leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser has a financial incentive to use leverage, which creates a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and common shareholders, as only the common shareholders would bear the fees and expenses incurred through the Fund’s use of leverage, including the issuance of Preferred Shares, if any. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors. See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

In addition, the Fund may engage in investment management techniques other than those noted above that may have similar effects as leverage, including, among others, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, futures contracts, call and put options (including options on futures contracts, swaps, bonds, stocks and indexes), swaps (including credit default, index, basis, total return, volatility and currency swaps), forward contracts, loans of portfolio securities, short sales, when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions and other derivative instruments. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically, though not at all times, and may choose to


increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, based on the Investment Adviser’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment, and the costs that the Fund would incur as a result of such leverage. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize any form or combination of leverage.

This prospectus sets forth concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective investor ought to know before investing. You should read it carefully before you invest, and keep it for future reference. The Fund has filed with the SEC a Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) dated             , 2014, as may be amended, containing additional information about the Fund. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this prospectus (and is legally considered part of this prospectus). The Table of Contents of the SAI appears in Appendix A of this prospectus. The Fund also will produce both annual and semi-annual reports that will contain important information about the Fund.

The Fund’s SAI is, and the annual and semi-annual reports will be, available for download at the Fund’s website: http://www.gsamfunds.com. Additional information about the Fund can be obtained by calling 855-807-2742.

The Common Shares do not represent a deposit or an obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

You may review and obtain copies of Fund documents (including the SAI) by visiting the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may also obtain copies of Fund documents, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102 or by electronic request to: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information on the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090 or on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov).


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Prospectus Summary

     1   

Fund Fees And Expenses

     42   

Use Of Proceeds

     45   

The Fund

     45   

General Investment Management Approach

     46   

Investment Objective And Strategies

     48   

Portfolio Securities And Techniques

     50   

Principal Risks Of The Fund

     69   

Other Portfolio Risks

     91   

Management Of The Fund

     97   

Leverage

     101   

Additional Information About The Fund

     104   

Net Asset Value

     111   

Taxation

     113   

Underwriting

     118   

Legal Matters

     121   

Custodian And Transfer Agent

     121   

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     121   

Appendix A

     A-1   

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The Fund has not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus. The Fund’s business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date.


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This is only a summary. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Fund. You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), especially the information set forth in this prospectus under the heading “Principal Risks of the Fund.”

 

The Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”) is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. See “The Fund.”

 

The Offering

The Fund is offering            common shares of beneficial interest (“Common Shares”) at $20.00 per share through a group of underwriters (the “Underwriters”) led by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. You must purchase at least 100 Common Shares ($2,000) in order to participate in this offering. The Fund has given the Underwriters an option to purchase up to             additional Common Shares. Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM,” the Fund’s “Investment Adviser”) has agreed to pay (i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and (ii) offering expenses (other than the sales load) that exceed $.04 per Common Share. See “Underwriting.”

 

Investment Objective and Strategies

The Fund seeks a high level of total return with an emphasis on current distributions to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful.

 

  Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and other energy investments. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). The Fund may also invest in securities and other instruments issued by income and royalty trusts and other issuers.

 

 

The Fund’s MLP investments may include, but are not limited to, MLPs structured as limited partnerships (“LPs”) or limited liability companies (“LLCs”); MLPs that are organized as LPs or LLCs, but taxed as “C” corporations; equity securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by an MLP affiliate, including institutional units (“I-Units”) and MLP general partner or managing member interests; “C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs; MLP equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP convertible subordinated units and MLP preferred units; private investments in public equities (“PIPEs”) issued by MLPs; MLP debt securities; and other U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that provide exposure to the MLP market, including pooled investment vehicles

 

 

1


 

that primarily hold MLP interests and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). The Fund’s other energy investments may include equity and fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies other than MLPs that (i) are classified by a third party as operating within the oil and gas storage, transportation, refining, marketing, drilling, exploration or production sub-industries or (ii) have at least 50% of their assets, income, sales or profits committed to, or derived from, the exploration, development, production, gathering, transportation (including marine), transmission, terminal operation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products, coal, electricity or other energy sources, energy-related equipment or services. The Fund’s MLP and other energy investments may also include companies that engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. The Fund may invest in shares of initial public offerings (“IPOs”), secondary market issuances and private transactions (including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and investments in private companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more than 30% of its Managed Assets in other energy investments. See “Investment Objective and Strategies.”

 

  The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that are not MLP or other energy investments. Such issuers may be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, may not offer the tax benefits of MLP investments. See “Taxation.”

 

 

The Fund currently expects to concentrate its investments in the energy sector, with an emphasis on midstream MLP investments. The Fund will invest in investments across the energy value chain, including upstream, midstream and downstream investments. At various times, the Fund may be more heavily invested in one segment of the energy value chain over another, and may not always be invested in all three segments, depending on market conditions. Midstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the treatment, gathering, compression, processing, transportation, transmission, fractionation, storage and terminalling of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal. Midstream MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses including marketing of energy products and logistical services. Upstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. An upstream MLP’s cash flow and distributions are driven by the amount of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil produced and the demand for and price of such commodities. Downstream MLP investments include companies that are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources. The Fund’s MLP

 

 

2


 

investments may be of any capitalization size. See “Prospectus Summary—The Fund’s Investments.”

 

  MLPs formed as LPs or LLCs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs are generally publicly traded, are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and must make public filings like any publicly traded entity. The Fund may also invest in privately placed securities of publicly traded MLPs.

 

The Fund’s Investments

Master Limited Partnerships.     A MLP is an entity generally receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and whose interests or “units” are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies. The general partner manages the partnership; has an ownership stake in the partnership; and is typically eligible to receive an incentive distribution. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, have a limited (if any) role in the operation and management of the partnership, and receive cash distributions. Due to their partnership structure, MLPs generally do not pay income taxes. Holders of MLP units could potentially become subject to liability for all of the obligations of an MLP, if a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Master Limited Partnership Risk.”

 

  MLPs Structured as Limited Liability Companies.     Some energy companies in which the Fund may invest have been organized as limited liability companies (“MLP LLCs”). Such MLP LLCs are generally treated in the same manner as MLPs organized as LPs for federal income tax purposes. Consistent with its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in common units or other securities of such MLP LLCs. MLP LLC common units represent an equity ownership interest in an MLP LLC, entitling the holders to a share of the MLP LLC’s success through distributions and/or capital appreciation.

 

 

MLPs Taxed as “C” Corporations.     Some MLPs are organized as LPs or LLCs but are taxed as “C” corporations that are subject to corporate income tax to the extent they recognize taxable income and are subject to U.S. federal income tax on their taxable income at the graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate

 

 

3


 

of 35%) as well as state and local income taxes. Investments in units of MLPs that are taxed as “C” corporations may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of investments in other MLPs.

 

  MLP Equity Securities.     Equity securities issued by MLPs generally consist of common units, subordinated units and preferred units, as described more fully below.

 

  MLP Common Units.     The common units of many MLPs are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”). The Fund will purchase such common units through open market transactions and underwritten offerings, but may also acquire common units through direct placements and privately negotiated transactions or PIPEs. Holders of MLP common units typically have very limited control and voting rights. Holders of such common units are typically entitled to receive a minimum quarterly distribution (“MQD”) from the issuer, and typically have a right, to the extent that an MLP fails to make a previous MQD, to recover in future distributions the amount by which the MQD was short (“arrearage rights”). Generally, an MLP must pay (or set aside for payment) the MQD to holders of common units before any distributions may be paid to subordinated unit holders. In addition, incentive distributions are typically not paid to the general partner or managing member unless the quarterly distributions on the common units exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. In the event of a liquidation, common unit holders are intended to have a preference with respect to the remaining assets of the issuer over holders of subordinated units.

 

  MLP Affiliates and I-Units.     The Fund may invest in equity and debt securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by affiliates of the MLP, including the general partners or managing members of MLPs and companies that own MLP general partner interests. Such issuers may be organized and/or taxed as “C” corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of MLP units. The Fund may purchase such other MLP equity securities through market transactions, but may also do so through direct placements.

 

 

MLP General Partner or Managing Member Interests.     The general partner or managing member interest in an MLP is typically retained by the original sponsors of an MLP, such as its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets to the MLP. The holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner or managing member. MLPs have liabilities, such as litigation, environmental liability, and regulatory proceedings related to their business operations or transactions. To the extent that actual outcomes differ from management’s estimates, earnings would be affected. If recorded liabilities are not adequate, earnings would be reduced. To the extent that an MLP incurs liability

 

 

4


 

for which there was an inadequate offsetting liability recorded, or if reserves or insurance are not available to satisfy an MLP’s liabilities, the MLP’s general partner would be liable for those amounts, which could be in excess of its investment in the MLP. However, MLP general partners typically are structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies in order to limit their liability to the creditors of the MLP to the amount of capital the general partner has invested in the MLP. The Fund may also invest in MLP general partner interests that are structured as corporations.

 

  General partner or managing member interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and in many cases control over the operations of, the MLP. General partner or managing member interests can be privately held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”), which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Incentive distributions to a general partner are designed to encourage the general partner, which controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners. Due to the IDRs, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of IDRs to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

 

  I-Units.     I-Units represent an indirect ownership interest in an MLP and are issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Units to purchase limited partnership interests in its affiliated MLP. Thus, I-Units represent an indirect interest in an MLP. I-Units have limited voting rights and are similar in that respect to MLP common units.

 

 

MLP Subordinated Units.     Subordinated units, which, like common units, represent limited partner or member interests, are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase outstanding subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with holders of such units or newly issued subordinated units directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD and any arrearages from

 

 

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prior quarters have been paid to holders of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have the right to receive distributions before any incentive distributions are payable to the general partner or managing member. Subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage rights. Therefore, MLP subordinated units generally entail greater risk than MLP common units. Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common units after the passage of a specified period of time or upon the achievement by the issuer of specified financial goals. MLPs issue different classes of subordinated units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of subordinated units.

 

  MLP Convertible Subordinated Units.     MLP convertible subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to MLPs, and institutional investors. Convertible subordinated units increase the likelihood that, during the subordination period, there will be available cash to be distributed to common unitholders. MLP convertible subordinated units generally are not entitled to distributions until holders of common units have received their specified MQD, plus any arrearages, and may receive less than common unitholders in distributions upon liquidation. Convertible subordinated unitholders generally are entitled to MQD prior to the payment of incentive distributions to the general partner, but are not entitled to arrearage rights. Therefore, MLP convertible subordinated units generally entail greater risk than MLP common units.

 

  MLP Preferred Units.     MLP preferred units are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase MLP preferred units through negotiated transactions directly with MLPs, affiliates of MLPs and institutional holders of such units. Holders of MLP preferred units can be entitled to a wide range of voting and other rights, depending on the structure of each separate security. In most cases, holders of preferred units are entitled to receive distributions before distributions are made to common unitholders that are either equal to the MQD, or set at a fixed rate that is above the MLP’s current distribution. Preferred units are senior in the capital structure to common units, but are subordinate to debt holders.

 

  “C” Corporations with Predominant Assets in MLP Interests.     “C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs must pay entity-level corporate taxes, and their shareholders are also subject to taxes on any dividends received. Investors in such “C” corporations have voting rights while, by contrast, unitholders of MLPs are “limited partners” and have no role in the organizations’ operations or management.

 

 

PIPEs.     The Investment Adviser may elect to invest in PIPEs and other unregistered or otherwise restricted securities issued by public MLPs and similar entities, including unregistered MLP preferred units. The Investment Adviser expects most such private securities to be liquid within six to nine months of funding, but may also invest in

 

 

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other private securities with significantly longer or shorter restricted periods. PIPEs involve the direct placement of equity securities to a purchaser such as the Fund. Equity issued in this manner is often unregistered and therefore less liquid than equity issued through a public offering. Such private equity offerings provide issuers greater flexibility in structure and timing as compared to public offerings.

 

  Many MLPs rely on the private placement market as a source of equity capital. Given the limitations in raising equity from a predominantly retail investor base and the tax and administrative constraints to significant institutional participation, PIPEs have been a popular financing alternative with many MLPs.

 

  Foreign Securities.     The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities of foreign issuers, including securities quoted or denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars. Investments in foreign securities may offer potential benefits not available from investments solely in U.S. dollar-denominated or quoted securities of domestic issuers. Such benefits may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, to offer the potential for better long term growth of capital and income than investments in U.S. securities, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers also involves, however, certain special risks, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Many of these risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging economies. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Foreign Investments Risk.”

 

  Private Company Investments.     The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in investments in a limited number of private company investments that the Fund may need to hold for several years. The Fund may invest in equity securities or debt securities, including debt securities issued with warrants to purchase equity securities or that are convertible into equity securities, of private companies. The Fund’s private company investments may include investments in entities formed to own and operate particular energy infrastructure assets. The securities of private portfolio companies are illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to sell such investments.

 

 

Pre-IPO Investments.     The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in shares of companies that it believes are likely to issue securities in IPOs. Although there is a potential the pre-IPO securities that the Fund buys may increase in value if the company does issue securities in an IPO, IPOs are risky and volatile and may cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decrease significantly. Also, because securities of pre-IPO companies are generally not freely or publicly tradeable, the Fund may not have access to purchase securities in these companies in the

 

 

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amounts or at the prices the Fund desires. Securities issued by these privately-held companies have no trading history, and information about such companies may be available for very limited periods. The companies that the Fund anticipates holding successful IPOs may not ever issues shares in an IPO and a liquid market for their securities may never develop, which may negatively affect the price at which the Fund can sell any such securities and make it more difficult to sell such securities, which could also adversely affect the Fund’s liquidity.

 

  Initial Public Offerings.     The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in shares of IPOs, consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. IPOs may have a magnified impact on the performance of a fund with a small asset base. The impact of IPOs on a fund’s performance likely will decrease as such fund’s asset size increases, which could reduce such fund’s returns. IPOs may not be consistently available to the Fund for investing. IPO shares frequently are volatile in price due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. Therefore, the Fund may hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase turnover and may lead to increased expenses, such as commissions and transaction costs all of which will be borne indirectly by the holders of Common Share (“common shareholders”). In addition, IPO shares can experience an immediate drop in value if the demand for the securities does not continue to support the offering price.

 

  MLP Debt Securities.     Debt securities issued by MLPs may include those rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in below investment grade debt securities. The Fund may invest in MLP debt securities without regard to credit quality or maturity. Investments in such securities may not offer the tax characteristics of equity securities of MLPs.

 

  Non-MLP Equity Securities.     The Fund may invest in equity securities, including common or ordinary stocks, American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), preferred stock, convertible securities, investment companies (including other mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)), and rights and warrants.

 

 

Non-MLP Debt Securities.     The Fund may invest in debt securities of other issuers, including debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These

 

 

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securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest in debt securities without regard for their maturity.

 

  Derivatives.     Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates and related indexes. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its Managed Assets in derivative instruments including without limitation, options, futures, options on futures, forwards, swaps, options on swaps, structured securities and other derivatives for both hedging and nonhedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return), although suitable derivative instruments may not always be available to the Investment Adviser for these purposes for investment. To the extent that the security or index underlying the derivative or synthetic instrument is or is composed of MLP investments, the Fund will include such derivative and synthetic instruments for the purposes of the Fund’s 80% policy. The Fund may sell certain securities short. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Derivatives Risk.”

 

  Pooled Investment Vehicles.     The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). These limitations include in certain circumstances a prohibition on the Fund acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in securities of all investment companies.

 

 

ETNs.     ETNs are a type of senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by financial institutions that combines both aspects of bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns are based on the performance of a market index minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN’s maturity, at which time the issuer is obligated to pay a return linked to the performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected. ETNs are subject to credit risk and the value of an ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange,

 

 

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the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

 

  For additional information about the Fund’s investments, see “Portfolio Securities and Techniques.”

 

Special Tax Considerations

The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, unlike most investment companies, is subject to corporate income tax to the extent the Fund recognizes taxable income. Given the Fund’s concentration in MLPs, the Fund is not eligible to be treated as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. Accordingly, the Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%) as well as state and local income taxes.

 

  The types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest historically have made cash distributions to limited partners or members that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions, such as depreciation and depletion. If the cash distributions exceed the taxable income reported in a particular tax year, the excess cash distributions would not be taxed as income to the Fund in that tax year but rather would be treated as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Fund’s basis in its MLP units.

 

 

Shareholder Tax Features.     The Fund may pay cash distributions to its common shareholders in excess of its taxable income per Common Share, although no assurance can be given in this regard. If the Fund distributes cash from current or accumulated earnings and profits as computed for federal income tax purposes, such distributions will generally be taxable to common shareholders to the extent of such earnings and profits in the current period as dividend income for federal income tax purposes. Subject to certain holding period and other requirements, such dividend income will generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and will generally be treated as “qualified dividend income” for shareholders taxed as individuals and will be eligible for reduced rates of taxation. If the Fund’s distributions exceed its current and accumulated earnings and profits as computed for federal income tax purposes, such excess distributions will constitute a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of a common shareholders’ basis in the Fund’s Common Shares and will result in a reduction of such basis. To the extent that excess exceeds a common shareholder’s basis in the Fund’s Common Shares, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. The Fund expects that a significant portion of its distributions to its common shareholders will constitute a non-taxable return of capital and will reduce their bases in the Common Shares. However, there can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized. If these expectations are not realized, the Fund will have more corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in less cash available to distribute to its common shareholders. Additionally, a greater portion

 

 

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of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. Upon the sale of Common Shares, a common shareholder generally will recognize capital gain or loss measured by the difference between the sale proceeds received by the Fund’s common shareholder and the holder’s federal income tax basis in the Common Shares sold, as adjusted to reflect return of capital. See “Taxation.”

 

Leverage

As soon as practicable following the public offering of the Common Shares (subject to market conditions), the Fund intends to use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s use of leverage is subject to risks and will cause the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to be more volatile than if leverage was not used. For example, a rise in short-term interest rates, which currently are near historically low levels, will cause the Fund’s NAV to decline more than if the Fund had not used leverage. A reduction in the Fund’s NAV, market price and distributions may cause a reduction in the market price of its Common Shares. There is no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategies will be successful. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Leverage Risk.”

 

  The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions (i.e., a credit facility), margin facilities or notes issued by the Fund and the leverage attributable to similar transactions entered into by the Fund. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also issue preferred shares of beneficial interest (“Preferred Shares”) in an aggregate amount of up to 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after such issuance. The Fund initially intends to incur leverage through a credit facility representing approximately 25-30% of the Fund’s Managed Assets, but reserves the right to incur leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If the Fund uses leverage, the amount of fees paid to the Investment Adviser for its services will be higher than if the Fund does not use leverage, because the fees paid are calculated based on Managed Assets, which includes assets acquired with leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser has a financial incentive to use leverage, which creates a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and common shareholders, as only the common shareholders would bear the fees and expenses incurred through the Fund’s use of leverage, including the issuance of Preferred Shares, if any. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors. See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

 

 

In addition, the Fund may engage in investment management techniques other than those noted above that may have similar effects as leverage, including, among others, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, futures contracts, call and put options (including options on futures contracts, swaps, bonds, stocks and indexes), swaps (including credit default, index, basis, total return, volatility and currency swaps), forward contracts, loans of portfolio securities, short

 

 

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sales, when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions and other derivative instruments. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically, though not at all times, and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, based on the Investment Adviser’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment, and the costs that the Fund would incur as a result of such leverage. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize any form or combination of leverage.

 

Investment Adviser

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., a registered investment adviser, serves as the investment adviser of the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Fund’s Board of Trustees, the Investment Adviser provides day-to-day advice regarding the Fund’s portfolio transactions, manages the Fund’s portfolio and is responsible for the Fund’s business affairs and other administrative matters. In addition, GSAM performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of the Fund, such as (1) supervising all non-advisory operations of the Fund; (2) providing personnel to perform necessary executive, administrative and clerical services to the Fund; (3) arranging for the preparation of all required tax returns, reports and notices to shareholders, prospectuses and statements of additional information and other reports filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (4) maintaining the records of the Fund; and (5) providing office space and all necessary office equipment and services.

 

  As compensation for its services and its assumption of certain expenses, the Investment Adviser is entitled to the following fees, computed daily and payable monthly, at the following annual rate (as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets): 1.00%.

 

  The Investment Adviser is located at 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. The Investment Adviser has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1990 and is a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a bank holding company and an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“Goldman Sachs”). As of June 30, 2014, the Investment Adviser, including its investment advisory affiliates, had assets under management of approximately $992.3 billion. See “Management of the Fund.”

 

Distributions

Over the long term, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of the Fund’s distributable cash flow received as cash distributions from MLPs, interest payments received on debt securities owned by the Fund and other payments on securities owned by the Fund, less Fund expenses. To permit the Fund to maintain more stable quarterly distributions, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular quarterly period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during the period, and the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio to make a distribution at a time when independent investment judgment might not dictate such action. The Fund currently anticipates making distributions to its shareholders each fiscal quarter out of legally

 

 

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available funds. The Fund expects to declare the initial quarterly dividend on the Fund’s Common Shares approximately 45 days after completion of this offering and to pay that initial quarterly dividend approximately 60 to 90 days after completion of this offering, depending on market conditions.

 

  Due to the tax treatment under current law of cash distributions made by MLPs in which the Fund invests, the Fund may distribute cash in excess of its earnings and profits (as computed for tax purposes) to its common shareholders, which may be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes to the extent of the common shareholders’ bases in the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent that distributions to a common shareholder are treated as a return of capital, such shareholder’s basis in the Common Shares will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale of such shares. In some cases, all or a portion of a distribution that is treated as a return of capital for tax purposes could be a return of a shareholder’s investment from an economic perspective. For a more detailed discussion of the taxation of distributions made by the Fund, please see “Taxation—Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares—U.S. Shareholders-Receipt of Distributions.”

 

  Pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, in the event the Fund makes a quarterly distribution from sources other than income, a notice will accompany the quarterly distribution with respect to the estimated source of the distribution made. Such notices will describe the portion, if any, of the quarterly dividend which, in the Fund’s good faith judgment, constitutes long-term capital gain, short-term capital gain, investment income or a return of capital. The actual character of such dividend distributions for U.S. federal income tax purposes, however, will only be determined finally by the Fund at the close of its fiscal year, based on the Fund’s full year performance and its actual net income and net capital gains for the year, which may result in a recharacterization of amounts distributed during such fiscal year from the characterization in the quarterly estimates.

 

  The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its quarterly distributions at any time and may do so without prior notice to common shareholders. Payment of future distributions is subject to approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees, as well as meeting the covenants under any credit facilities and the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. See “Additional Information About the Fund—Distributions.”

 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Common shareholders will automatically have all dividends and distributions reinvested in Common Shares of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan (the “Dividend Reinvestment Plan”), unless an election is made to receive cash by contacting the Plan Agent (as defined herein), at Computershare Trust Company, N.A, 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station,

 

 

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TX 77845; by calling 855-807-2742; or through the Plan Agent’s website at www.computershare.com/investor. See “Additional Information about the Fund—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

Listing

It is anticipated that the Common Shares will be approved for listing on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “GER.”

 

Accounting Agent, Custodian and Transfer and Plan Agent

State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) will serve as the Fund’s Custodian. Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc. (“Computershare”) will serve as the Fund’s Transfer and Plan Agent. State Street will serve as the fund accounting agent to the Fund under an Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement. See “Management of the Fund—Other Service Providers.”

 

Market Price of Common Shares

Shares of closed-end funds listed for trading on a securities exchange frequently trade at a discount from NAV. The market price of such shares may be affected by NAV, dividend or distribution levels and their stability (which in turn will be affected by levels of distributions, dividend or interest payments by the Fund’s portfolio holdings, the timing and success of the Fund’s investment strategies, regulations affecting the timing and character of Fund distributions, Fund expenses and other factors), supply of and demand for the shares, trading volume of the shares, general market, interest rate and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of a closed-end fund. The foregoing factors, among others, may result in the market price of the Common Shares being greater than, less than or equal to NAV. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Leverage Risk,” “Additional Information about the Fund—Description of Shares” and the section of the SAI with the heading “Shares of the Fund.” The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and you should not purchase Common Shares of the Fund if you intend to sell them shortly after purchase.

 

Special Risk Considerations

The following are the principal risks of investing in the Fund.

 

  No Operating History .    The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. Investors will not have the opportunity to evaluate historical data or assess any of the Fund’s potential investments prior to purchasing Common Shares. It is designed for long-term investing and not as a vehicle for trading. This risk may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the public offering.

 

 

Investment Risk .    The value of the instruments in which the Fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual companies, particular sectors or governments and/or general economic conditions throughout the world due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods. The Fund’s investments may be overweighted from time to time in one or more sectors or countries, which will increase the Fund’s exposure to risk of loss from adverse

 

 

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developments affecting those sectors or countries. The Fund intends to use leverage, which will magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks.

 

  Market Risk .    An investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund, a significant portion of which are traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets. The value of these securities, like other investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than what you invested, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. The Fund may utilize leverage, which magnifies the market risk. See “Leverage.”

 

  Market Discount Risk .    Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s NAV per Common Share could decrease as a result of its investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their Common Shares in a relatively short period of time following completion of this offering. The NAV per Common Share will be reduced immediately following this offering as a result of the payment of certain offering costs. Although the value of the Fund’s net assets is generally considered by market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell Common Shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the Common Shares will depend entirely upon whether the market price of the Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for the Common Shares. Because the market price of the Common Shares will be determined by factors such as (i) NAV, (ii) dividend and distribution levels and their stability (which will in turn be affected by levels of distributions, dividend and interest payments by the Fund’s portfolio holdings, the timing and success of the Fund’s investment strategies, regulations affecting the timing and character of Fund distributions, Fund expenses and other factors), (iii) supply of and demand for the Common Shares, (iv) trading volume of the Common Shares, (v) general market, interest rate and economic conditions and (vi) other factors that may be beyond the control of the Fund. The Fund cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, below or above NAV or at, below or above the initial public offering price.

 

 

Master Limited Partnership Risk .    Investments in securities of MLPs involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting MLPs, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between an MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price. Many of the Fund’s investments in MLPs will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes

 

 

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due to their smaller capitalizations. Accordingly, those MLPs may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Investment in those MLPs may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of other investment opportunities. If the Fund is one of the largest investors in certain MLPs, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such investments without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Larger purchases or sales of MLP investments by the Fund in a short period of time may cause abnormal movements in the market price of these investments. As a result, these investments may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns, which may adversely impact the overall performance of the Fund.

 

  The Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective will depend largely on the amount of the distributions it receives from the MLPs (in relation to the taxable income, gains, losses, and deductions allocated to it). The amount and tax characterization of cash available for distribution by an MLP depends upon the amount of cash generated by such entity’s operations. Cash available for distribution by MLPs will vary widely from quarter to quarter and is affected by various factors affecting the entity’s operations. In addition to the risks described herein, operating costs, capital expenditures, acquisition costs, construction costs, exploration costs and borrowing costs may reduce the amount of cash that an MLP has available for distribution in a given period. MLPs have the ability to modify their distribution policies from time to time without input from or approval of the Fund.

 

  Conflicts of interest may arise from incentive distribution payments paid to the general partner, or referral of business opportunities by the general partner or one of its affiliates to an entity other than the MLP. Holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive incentive distribution rights, which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Due to the incentive distribution rights, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of incentive distribution rights to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

 

 

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  MLPs are subject to various risks related to the underlying operating companies they control, including dependence upon specialized management skills and the risk that those operating companies may lack or have limited operating histories. The success of the Fund’s investments in an MLP will vary depending on the underlying industry represented by the MLP’s portfolio. Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If the parent or sponsor entities fail to make payments or satisfy their obligations to an MLP, the revenues and cash flows of that MLP and ability of that MLP to make distributions to unit holders such as the Fund would be adversely affected.

 

  Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon a limited number of customers for substantially all of their revenue. Similarly, certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon a limited number of suppliers of goods or services to continue their operations. The loss of those customers or suppliers could have a material adverse effect on an MLP’s results of operations and cash flow, and on its ability to make distributions to unit holders such as the Fund.

 

  The Fund is not responsible for operating MLPs and similar entities and cannot control or monitor their compliance with applicable tax, securities and other laws and regulations necessary for the profitability of such investments. Holders of MLP units could potentially become subject to liability for all of the obligations of an MLP, if a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state. Furthermore, the structures and terms of the MLPs and other entities described in this Prospectus may not be indicative of the structure and terms of every entity in which the Fund invests. Although the MLP sector has grown significantly in recent years, such market trends may not continue due to economic conditions, which are not predictable, or other factors. See “Principal Risks—Master Limited Partnership Risk.”

 

 

Equity Securities Risk .    A substantial percentage of the Fund’s assets are invested in equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP preferred units, equity securities of MLP affiliates, including I-Units, and common stocks of other issuers. Equity risk is the risk that MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund will fall due to general market or economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, changes in interest rates, and the particular circumstances and performance of particular companies whose securities the Fund holds. The price of an equity security of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market, or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund may decline in price if the

 

 

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issuer fails to make anticipated distributions or dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer experiences a decline in its financial condition. Prices and volatilities of I-Units tend to correlate to the price of MLP common units. Holders of I-Units are subject to the same risks as holders of MLP common units.

 

  Energy Sector Risk .    Many MLPs and other entities in which the Fund may invest operate oil, gas or petroleum facilities, or other facilities within the energy sector. As a result, the Fund will be concentrated in the energy sector, and will therefore be susceptible to adverse economic, environmental or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. A downturn in the energy sector could have a larger impact on the Fund than on funds that are broadly diversified across many sectors and industries. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the energy sector may lag behind the performance of other sectors or industries or the broader market as a whole. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to specific risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

  Commodity Pricing Risk.     MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be affected by fluctuations in the prices of energy commodities, including, for example, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and coal in the short-term and long-term. Fluctuations in energy commodity prices would impact directly companies that own such energy commodities and could impact indirectly companies that engage in transportation, storage, processing, distribution or marketing of such energy commodities. Fluctuations in energy commodity prices can result from changes in general economic conditions or political circumstances (especially of key energy producing and consuming countries); market conditions; weather patterns; domestic production levels; volume of imports; energy conservation; domestic and foreign governmental regulation; international politics; policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”); taxation; tariffs; and the availability and costs of local, intrastate and interstate transportation methods. The energy sector as a whole may also be impacted by the perception that the performance of energy sector companies is directly linked to commodity prices. High commodity prices may drive further energy conservation efforts, and a slowing economy may adversely impact energy consumption, which may adversely affect the performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector.

 

 

Supply and Demand Risk.     MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be impacted by the levels of supply and demand for energy commodities. The volume of production of energy commodities and the volume of energy commodities available for transportation, storage, processing or distribution could be affected by a variety of factors, including depletion of resources; depressed commodity prices; catastrophic events; labor relations; increased environmental or other governmental regulation; equipment malfunctions and maintenance difficulties; import volumes;

 

 

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international politics, policies of OPEC; and increased competition from alternative energy sources. Alternatively, a decline in demand for energy commodities could result from factors such as adverse economic conditions (especially in key energy-consuming countries); increased taxation; increased environmental or other governmental regulation; increased fuel economy; increased energy conservation or use of alternative energy sources; legislation intended to promote the use of alternative energy sources; or increased commodity prices.

 

  Depletion Risk.     Energy reserves naturally deplete as they are consumed over time. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector rely on the expansion of reserves through exploration of new sources of supply or the development of existing sources in order to grow or maintain their revenues. The financial performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be adversely affected if they, or the companies to which they provide services, are unable to cost-effectively acquire additional energy deposits sufficient to replace the natural decline of existing reserves. If an energy company is not able to raise capital on favorable terms, it may not be able to add to or maintain its reserves.

 

  Environmental and Regulatory Risk.     The energy sector is highly regulated. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change over time in both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both.

 

  There is an inherent risk that MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. For example, an accidental release from wells or energy assets could subject an MLP to substantial liabilities for environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations.

 

 

Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems, pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. These include, for example: the Federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions; the Federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of pollutants into regulated bodies of water; the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose

 

 

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requirements for the handling and disposal of waste from facilities; and the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, also known as “Superfund,” and comparable state laws and regulations that regulate the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have been released at properties currently or previously owned or operated by MLPs or at locations to which they have sent waste for disposal.

 

  Pipeline MLPs and other pipeline companies are subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) with respect to tariff rates these companies may charge for interstate pipeline transportation services. An adverse determination by FERC with respect to the tariff rates of a pipeline MLP could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects of that pipeline MLP and its ability to make cash distributions to its equity owners. Moreover, the possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future that would significantly increase compliance costs and remediation costs, thus adversely affecting the financial performance of MLPs. MLPs may not be able to recover remediation costs from insurance.

 

  Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” is a relatively new technique for releasing and extracting oil and natural gas trapped in underground shale formations. The fracking sector is facing allegations from environmentalists and some landowners that the technique may cause serious difficulties, which has led to uncertainty about the nature, extent, and cost of the environmental regulation to which it may ultimately be subject.

 

  Voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls have been adopted or are being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to reduce emissions of “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These measures and future measures could result in increased costs to certain MLPs and other companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and maintain facilities and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program and may reduce demand for fuels that generate green house gases and that are managed or produced by MLPs and other companies in which the Fund may invest.

 

 

In the wake of a Supreme Court decision holding that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has legal authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation jointly wrote regulations to cut gasoline use and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. The EPA has also taken action to require certain entities to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions, and certain facilities may be required to control emissions of greenhouse gases pursuant to EPA air permitting and other regulatory programs. These measures, and other

 

 

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programs addressing greenhouse gas emissions, could reduce demand for energy and/or raise prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain of the Fund’s investments.

 

  Weather Risk .    Weather plays a role in the seasonality of some MLPs’ cash flows. MLPs and other companies in the propane sector, for example, rely on the winter season to generate almost all of their earnings. In an unusually warm winter season, propane MLPs experience decreased demand for their product. Although most MLPs can reasonably predict seasonal weather demand based on normal weather patterns, extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, can adversely affect performance and cash flows of MLPs.

 

  Cyclical Industry Risk .    The energy industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. An MLP’s ability to successfully and timely complete capital improvements to existing or other capital projects is contingent upon many variables. Should any such efforts be unsuccessful, an MLP could be subject to additional costs and/or the write-off of its investment in the project or improvement. The marketability of oil and gas production depends in large part on the availability, proximity and capacity of pipeline systems owned by third parties. Oil and gas properties are subject to royalty interests, liens and other burdens, encumbrances, easements or restrictions, all of which could impact the production of a particular MLP. Oil and gas MLPs operate in a highly competitive and cyclical industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.

 

 

Catastrophic Event Risk .    MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to many dangers inherent in the production, exploration, management, transportation, processing and distribution of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum and petroleum products and other hydrocarbons. These dangers include leaks, fires, explosions, damage to facilities and equipment resulting from natural disasters, inadvertent damage to facilities and equipment and terrorist acts. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government has issued warnings that energy assets, specifically U.S. pipeline infrastructure, may be targeted in future terrorist attacks. These dangers give rise to risks of substantial losses as a result of loss or destruction of commodity reserves; damage to or destruction of property, facilities and equipment; pollution and environmental damage; and personal injury or loss of life. Any occurrence of such catastrophic events could bring about a limitation, suspension or discontinuation of the operations of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may not be fully insured against all risks inherent in their business operations and therefore accidents and catastrophic

 

 

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events could adversely affect such companies’ financial conditions and ability to pay distributions to shareholders.

 

  Acquisition Risk .    MLPs owned by the Fund may depend on their ability to make acquisitions that increase adjusted operating surplus per unit in order to increase distributions to unit holders. The ability of such MLPs to make future acquisitions is dependent on their ability to identify suitable targets, negotiate favorable purchase contracts, obtain acceptable financing and outbid competing potential acquirers. To the extent that MLPs are unable to make future acquisitions, or such future acquisitions fail to increase the adjusted operating surplus per unit, their growth and ability to make distributions will be limited. There are risks inherent in any acquisition, including erroneous assumptions regarding revenues, acquisition expenses, operating expenses, cost savings and synergies; assumption of unknown liabilities; indemnification; customer losses; key employee defections; distraction from other business operations; and unanticipated difficulties in operating or integrating new product areas and geographic regions.

 

  Furthermore, even if an MLP does consummate an acquisition that it believes will be accretive, the acquisition may instead result in a decrease in free cash flow.

 

  Industry Specific Risks .    MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are also subject to risks that are specific to the industry in which they operate.

 

  Pipeline .    Pipeline companies are subject to many risks, including varying demand for crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids or refined products in the markets served by the pipeline; changes in the availability of products for gathering, transportation, processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and production in the supply areas serviced by the companies’ facilities; sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital spending for exploration activities; and environmental regulation.

 

  Gathering and processing .    Gathering and processing companies are subject to natural declines in the production of oil and natural gas fields, which utilize their gathering and processing facilities as a way to market their production, prolonged declines in the price of natural gas or crude oil, which curtails drilling activity and therefore production, and declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products, which cause lower processing margins.

 

 

Midstream .    Midstream MLPs and other companies that provide crude oil, refined product and natural gas services are subject to supply and demand fluctuations in the markets they serve which may be impacted by a wide range of factors including fluctuating commodity prices, weather, increased conservation or use of alternative fuel sources, increased governmental or environmental regulation, depletion, rising interest rates, declines in domestic or foreign

 

 

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production, accidents or catastrophic events, and economic conditions, among others.

 

  Upstream .    Exploration, development and production companies are particularly vulnerable to declines in the demand for and prices of crude oil and natural gas. Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas can cause a given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued production earlier than it would if prices were higher, resulting in the plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of production from, that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity prices not only reduce revenues but also can result in substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future commodity prices and future exploration and development costs and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments. Different reserve engineers may make different estimates of reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data. Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any significant variance from the assumptions used could result in the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production and changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse effect on a given exploration and production company’s financial position and results of operations. In addition, due to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and production companies must economically find or acquire and develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their revenues and distributions.

 

  Downstream .    Downstream companies are businesses engaged in refining, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources, such as: customer-ready natural gas, propane and gasoline; the production and manufacturing of petrochemicals including olefins, polyolefins, ethylene and similar co-products as well as intermediates and derivatives; and the generation, transmission and distribution of power and electricity. In addition to the other risks described herein, downstream companies may be more susceptible to risks associated with reduced customer demand for the products and services they provide.

 

  Oil .    In addition to the risks applicable to pipeline companies described above, gathering and processing companies and exploration and production companies, companies involved in the transportation, gathering, processing, exploration, development or production of crude oil or refined petroleum products may be adversely affected by increased regulations, increased operating costs and reductions in the supply of and/or demand for crude oil and refined petroleum products.

 

 

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  Oilfield Services.     The oilfield services business involves a variety of operating risks, including the risk of fire, explosions, blow-outs, pipe failure, abnormally pressured formations and environmental hazards such as oil spills, natural gas leaks, ruptures or discharges of toxic gases. If any of these should occur, such companies could incur legal defense costs and could suffer substantial losses due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigation and penalties, and suspension of operations. Any horizontal and deep drilling activities involve greater risk of mechanical problems than vertical and shallow drilling operations. Adverse developments affecting the oil and natural gas industry or drilling activity, including sustained low natural gas prices, a decline in oil or natural gas liquids prices, reduced demand for oil and natural gas products and increased regulation of drilling and production, could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

  Fracturing Services.     Changes in laws or government regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing could increase a company’s costs of doing business, limit the areas in which it can operate and reduce oil and natural gas production by the company. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand or an alternative proppant and chemicals under pressure into target geological formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. Recently, there has been increased public concern regarding an alleged potential for hydraulic fracturing to adversely affect drinking water supplies, and proposals have been made to enact separate federal, state and local legislation that would increase the regulatory burden imposed on hydraulic fracturing. Congress has in recent legislative sessions considered legislation to amend the Safe Water Drinking Act (the “SDWA”), including legislation that would repeal the exemption for hydraulic fracturing from the definition of “underground injection” and require federal permitting and regulatory control of hydraulic fracturing, as well as legislative proposals to require disclosure of the chemical constituents of the fluids used in the fracturing process, were proposed in recent sessions of Congress. The U.S. Congress may consider similar SDWA legislation in the future. In addition, the EPA has asserted federal regulatory authority pursuant to the SDWA over certain hydraulic fracturing activities involving the use of diesel fuels and published permitting guidance on February 11, 2014 addressing the performance of such activities using diesel fuels in those states where EPA is the permitting authority.

 

 

Presently, hydraulic fracturing is regulated primarily at the state level, typically by state oil and natural gas commissions and similar agencies. Several states, such as Texas and Pennsylvania, have either adopted or proposed laws and/or regulations to require oil and natural gas operators to disclose chemical ingredients and water volumes used to hydraulically fracture wells, in addition to more stringent well construction and monitoring requirements. The availability of

 

 

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information regarding the constituents of hydraulic fracturing fluids could make it easier for third parties opposing the hydraulic fracturing process to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect groundwater. Disclosure of proprietary chemical formulas to third parties or to the public, even if inadvertent, could diminish the value of those formulas and could result in competitive harm to companies. Various federal, state and local limitations may prohibit or restrict drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations in certain locales including geographic locales considered environmentally sensitive such as wetlands, endangered species habitats, floodplains, and the like. If hydraulic fracturing becomes regulated at the federal level as a result of federal legislation or regulatory initiatives by the EPA, fracturing activities could become subject to additional permitting requirements, and also to attendant permitting delays and potential increases in cost, which could adversely affect a company’s business.

 

  Oil Rig Services.     The April 20, 2010 blowout and oil spill at the BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig has prompted the federal government to impose heightened regulation of oil and gas exploration and production on the outer continental shelf (“OCS”) to improve offshore safety systems and environmental protection regulations have been issued which have increased the complexity of the drilling permit process and may limit the opportunity for some operators to continue deepwater drilling in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, which could adversely affect a company’s financial operations. For example, the U.S. government has indicated that before any recipient of a deepwater drilling permit may resume drilling, (i) the operator must demonstrate that containment resources are available promptly in the event of a deepwater blowout, (ii) the chief executive officer of the operator seeking to perform deepwater drilling must certify that the operator has complied with all applicable regulations and (iii) the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (“BOEM”) and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (“BSEE”) will conduct inspections of such deepwater drilling operation for compliance with the applicable regulations. Oil rig companies cannot predict when the applicable government agency will determine that any deepwater driller is in compliance with the new regulations.

 

  Propane .    Propane companies are subject to earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition, propane companies are facing increased competition due to the growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative energy sources for residential heating.

 

 

Coal .    Coal companies are subject to declines in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand variability can be based on weather conditions, the strength of the domestic economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their customer base, and the prices of competing sources of fuel for electric generation. They are also subject to supply variability based on

 

 

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geological conditions that reduce the productivity of mining operations, the availability of regulatory permits for mining activities and the availability of coal that meets the standards of the Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended.

 

  Power Infrastructure .    Power infrastructure companies are subject to many risks, including earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the locations where the company operates, the change in the demand for electricity, the cost to produce power, and the regulatory environment. Further, share prices are partly based on the interest rate environment, the sustainability and potential growth of the dividend, and the outcome of various rate cases undertaken by the company or a regulatory body.

 

  Marine Transportation .    Marine transportation (or “tanker”) companies are exposed to the highly cyclical nature of the tanker industry and may be subject to volatile changes in charter rates and vessel values, which may adversely affect the earnings of tanker companies. Fluctuations in charter rates and vessel values result from changes in the supply and demand for tanker capacity and changes in the supply and demand for oil and oil products. Changes in demand for transportation of oil over longer distances and the supply of tankers to carry that oil may materially affect the revenues, profitability and cash flows of tanker companies. See “Principal Risks—Industry Specific Risks.”

 

  PIPEs Risk .    The Fund may be involved in PIPEs or private financing of public companies. PIPE investors may purchase securities directly from a publicly traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at a discount to the market price of the company’s common stock. In a PIPE transaction, the Fund may bear the price risk from the time of pricing until the time of closing. In addition, the Fund may have to commit to purchase a specified number of shares at a fixed price, with the closing conditioned upon, among other things, the SEC’s preparedness to declare effective a resale registration statement covering the resale, from time to time, of the shares sold in the private financing. Because the sale of the securities is not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), the securities are “restricted” and cannot be immediately resold by the investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to register the restricted securities with the SEC. PIPE securities may be deemed illiquid.

 

 

Small Capitalization MLP Risk .    The Fund may invest in securities of MLPs and other issuers that have comparatively smaller capitalizations relative to issuers whose securities are included in major benchmark indexes, which presents unique investment risks. These companies often have limited product lines, markets, distribution channels or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent upon one or a few key people. The market movements of equity securities issued by MLPs with smaller capitalizations may be more abrupt or erratic than the market movements of equity securities

 

 

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of larger, more established companies or the stock market in general. Historically, smaller capitalization companies have sometimes gone through extended periods when they did not perform as well as larger companies. In addition, equity securities of smaller capitalization companies generally are less liquid than those of larger companies. This means that the Fund could have greater difficulty selling such securities at the time and price that the Fund would like.

 

  Derivatives Risk .    The Fund may invest in derivative instruments including without limitation, options, futures, options on futures, forwards, swaps, options on swaps, structured securities and other derivatives. Investments in derivative instruments may be for both hedging and nonhedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return), although suitable derivative instruments may not always be available to the Investment Adviser for these purposes. Derivative instruments can be illiquid, may disproportionately increase losses, and may have a potentially large impact on Fund performance. Losses from investments in derivative instruments can result from a lack of correlation between changes in the value of derivative instruments and the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged, the potential illiquidity of the markets for derivative instruments, the failure of the counterparty to perform its contractual obligations, or the risks arising from margin requirements and related leverage factors associated with such transactions. Losses may also arise if the Fund receives cash collateral under the transactions and some or all of that collateral is invested in the market. To the extent that cash collateral is so invested, such collateral will be subject to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Fund may be responsible for any loss that might result from its investment of the counterparty’s cash collateral. The use of these management techniques also involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuations in securities prices, interest rates or currency prices. Investments in derivative instruments may be harder to value, subject to greater volatility and more likely subject to changes in tax treatment than other investments. For these reasons, the Investment Adviser’s attempts to hedge portfolio risks through the use of derivative instruments may not be successful, and the Investment Adviser may choose not to hedge certain portfolio risks. Investing for nonhedging purposes is considered a speculative practice and presents even greater risk of loss.

 

 

Leverage Risk.     The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased Common Share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of Common Shares. There is no assurance that the Fund’s intended leveraging strategy will be successful. Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; the risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and short-term debt or in the interest or dividend rates on any leverage that the Fund must pay will reduce the

 

 

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return to the common shareholders; the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Common Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the Common Shares; when the Fund uses financial leverage, the investment advisory fees payable to the Investment Adviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage; and leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.

 

  Certain types of leverage used by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements, or being subject to segregation requirements under the 1940 Act. These coverage, composition and segregation requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and coverage requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions. The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for fixed income securities or Preferred Shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Adviser does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

 

  The Fund may also engage in reverse repurchase agreements and short sales, which would create similar risks as leveraging the Fund’s investment portfolio.

 

  Counterparty Risk .    Many of the protections afforded to participants on some organized exchanges, such as the performance guarantee of an exchange clearing house, might not be available in connection with OTC transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which the Fund enters into OTC transactions, the Fund will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transactions and that the Fund will sustain losses.

 

 

Risks Related to the Fund’s Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty .    The Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) requires swaps and futures clearing brokers registered as “futures commission merchants” to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of U.S. domestic futures contracts and cleared swaps from the brokers’ proprietary assets. Similarly, the CEA requires each futures commission merchant to hold in separate secure accounts all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of foreign futures contracts and cleared swaps and segregate any such funds. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account and may be invested in certain instruments permitted under applicable

 

 

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regulations. There is a risk that assets deposited by the Fund with any swaps or futures clearing broker as margin for futures contracts or cleared swaps may, in certain circumstances and to varying degrees for swaps and futures and options contracts, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing broker. In addition, for both cleared swaps and futures and options contracts, the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the Fund’s clearing broker’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers for the relevant account class.

 

  Similarly, the CEA requires a clearing organization approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a derivatives clearing organization to segregate all funds and other property received from a clearing member’s clients in connection with domestic cleared derivative contracts from any funds held at the clearing organization to support the clearing member’s proprietary trading. Nevertheless, all customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any futures contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. All customer funds held at a clearing organization with respect to cleared swaps of customers of a clearing broker are also held in an omnibus account, but CFTC rules require that the clearing broker notify the clearing organization of the amount of the initial margin provided by the clearing broker to the clearing organization that is attributable to each customer.

 

  With respect to futures and options contracts, a clearing organization may use assets of a non-defaulting customer held in an omnibus account of a clearing member at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations to the clearing organization of a defaulting customer of the clearing member that also defaults on its payment obligations to the clearing organization. With respect to cleared swaps, a clearing organization generally cannot do so, but may do so if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting to the clearing organization as to the attribution of margin among its clients. Also, since clearing brokers generally provide to clearing organizations the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing organization will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default. As a result, in the event of a default of the clearing broker’s other clients or the clearing broker’s failure to extend its own funds in connection with any such default, the Fund may not be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited by the clearing broker on behalf of the Fund with the clearing organization.

 

 

Convertible Securities Risk .    The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to

 

 

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vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stock or other security. A unique feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying security declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying security. When the market price of the underlying security increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying security.

 

  Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk .    The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in illiquid securities which cannot be disposed of in seven days in the ordinary course of business at fair value. The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there is a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers, as defined in Rule 144A promulgated under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers. Investing in 144A Securities may decrease the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become for a time uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities. The purchase price and subsequent valuation of restricted and illiquid securities normally reflect a discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a liquid market exists.

 

  Investments purchased by the Fund, particularly debt securities and over-the-counter traded instruments that are liquid at the time of purchase, may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, markets events, economic conditions or investor perceptions. Domestic and foreign markets are becoming more and more complex and interrelated, so that events in one sector of the market or the economy, or in one geographical region, can reverberate and have negative consequences for other market, economic or regional sectors in a manner that may not be reasonably foreseen. With respect to over-the-counter traded securities, the continued viability of any over-the-counter secondary market depends on the continued willingness of dealers and other participants to purchase the instruments.

 

  In cases where no clear indication of the value of the Fund’s portfolio instruments is available, the portfolio instruments will be valued at their fair value according to the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. These cases include, among others, situations where a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source.

 

  Tax Risk .    Tax risks associated with investments in the Fund include but are not limited to the following:

 

 

MLP Tax Risk .    Much of the benefit that the Fund may derive from its investment in equity securities of MLPs is a result of MLPs generally being treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Partnerships do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. Rather, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s

 

 

30


 

income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in the MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax (as well as state and local income taxes) on its taxable income. Furthermore, an MLP could elect to reorganize as a taxable entity or corporation. There can be no guarantee that each MLP in which the Fund invests will remain structured as an MLP. A restructuring by an MLP in which the Fund invests could alter the tax status of the Fund’s investment. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP. If any MLP in which the Fund invests were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it could result in a reduction of the value of the Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to the Fund.

 

  To the extent a distribution received by the Fund from an MLP is treated as a return of capital for tax purposes, the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the interests of the MLP will be reduced, which may increase the Fund’s tax liability upon the sale of the interests in the MLP or upon subsequent distributions in respect of such interests.

 

  Fund Structure Risk .    Unlike traditional mutual funds that are structured as regulated investment companies for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund will be taxable as a regular corporation, or “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This means the Fund generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%), and will also be subject to state and local income taxes.

 

 

Tax Estimation/NAV Risk .    In calculating the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will, among other things, account for its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances. The Fund will accrue a deferred income tax liability balance, at the then effective statutory U.S. federal income tax rate (currently 35%) plus an estimated state and local income tax rate, for its future tax liability associated with the capital appreciation of its investments and the distributions received by the Fund on interests of MLPs considered to be return of capital and for any net operating gains. Any deferred tax liability balance will reduce the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares. The Fund may also accrue a deferred tax asset balance, which reflects an estimate of the Fund’s future tax benefit associated with net operating losses and unrealized losses. Any deferred tax asset balance will increase the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset balance, consideration is given as to whether or not a valuation allowance, which would offset the value of some or all of the deferred tax asset balance, is required. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by MLPs, which may not be provided to the Fund on a timely basis, to estimate current taxes and deferred tax

 

 

31


 

liability and/or asset balances for purposes of financial statement reporting and determining its NAV. Deferred tax assets may constitute a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s NAV. The daily estimate of the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances used to calculate the Fund’s NAV could vary dramatically from the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit, and, as a result, the determination of the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV. From time to time, the Fund may modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances as new information becomes available, which modifications in estimates or assumptions may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares.

 

  The Fund may acquire its target assets in varying increments at different prices over time, and the tax basis of each security may vary depending on the Fund’s receipt of one or more distributions characterized as returns of capital during the Fund’s holding period of that security. The tax basis of a security may differ significantly from the original cost or the current market value of the security, which if sold, may subject the Fund to taxation on the value received in excess of the adjusted tax basis, even if the sale price of the security is lower than its original acquisition cost. Additionally, distributions of earnings realized by the Fund from the sale of the security would generally be treated as taxable dividend income, as opposed to a non-taxable return of capital. It will be difficult for you to monitor the adjusted tax basis of each individual security in the portfolio, and therefore difficult to estimate the potential for embedded taxable gains if a security were to be sold at the current market price. See “Principal Risks—Tax Risk.”

 

  Foreign Investments Risk .    The Fund may make foreign investments. Foreign investments involve special risks that are not typically associated with U.S. dollar denominated or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign investments may be affected by changes in currency rates, changes in foreign or U.S. laws or restrictions applicable to such investments and changes in exchange control regulations (e.g., currency blockage). A decline in the exchange rate of the currency (i.e., weakening of the currency against the U.S. dollar) in which a portfolio security is quoted or denominated relative to the U.S. dollar would reduce the value of the portfolio security. In addition, if the currency in which the Fund receives dividends, interest or other payments declines in value against the U.S. dollar before such income is distributed as dividends to shareholders or converted to U.S. dollars, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to pay such dividends.

 

 

Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in international securities markets generally are more expensive than in the United States. In addition, clearance and settlement procedures may be different in foreign countries and, in

 

 

32


 

certain markets, such procedures have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, thus making it difficult to conduct such transactions.

 

  Foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer. In addition, there is generally less government regulation of foreign markets, companies and securities dealers than in the United States, and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States. Foreign securities markets may have substantially less volume than U.S. securities markets and securities of many foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Furthermore, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains distributions), limitations on the removal of funds or other assets from such countries, and risks of political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could adversely affect investments in those countries.

 

  Concentration of the Fund’s assets in one or a few countries and currencies will subject the Fund to greater risks than if the Fund’s assets were not geographically concentrated.

 

  Investments in foreign securities may take the form of sponsored and unsponsored ADRs, GDRs, EDRs or other similar instruments representing securities of foreign issuers. ADRs, GDRs and EDRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a bank or other depository. ADRs and certain GDRs are traded in the United States. GDRs may be traded in either the United States or in foreign markets. EDRs are traded primarily outside the United States. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars. EDRs and GDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security.

 

 

Private Company Investments Risk .    Private companies are not subject to SEC reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their accounting records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and are not required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate information about the business, financial condition and results of operations of the private companies in which the Fund invests. There is risk that the Fund may invest on the basis of incomplete or inaccurate information, which may adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance. Private companies in which the Fund may invest may have limited financial resources, shorter operating histories, more asset concentration risk, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns.

 

 

33


 

These companies generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. These companies may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity. In addition, the Fund’s investment also may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until the company meets certain growth and liquidity objectives. The securities of private portfolio companies are illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to sell such investments.

 

  Pre-IPO Investments Risk .    Pre-IPO companies typically have limited operating histories, narrower, less established product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions, market conditions and consumer sentiment in respect of their products or services, as well as general economic downturns. Such companies may experience operating losses, which may be substantial, and there can be no assurance when or if such companies will operate at a profit. At the time of the Fund’s investment, there is generally little publicly available information about these businesses since they are primarily privately owned and the Fund may only have access to the company’s actual financial results as of and for the most recent quarter end or, in certain cases, the quarter end preceding the most recent quarter end. There can be no assurance that the information that the Fund does obtain with respect to any investment is reliable. Pre-IPO companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their existing credit facilities (to the extent that such facilities exist), which may lead to equity financings, possibly at discounted valuations, in which the Fund could be substantially diluted if the Fund does not or cannot participate, bankruptcy or liquidation and the corresponding reduction in value or loss of the Fund’s investment. Pre-IPO companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the company and, in turn, on the Fund. Continued global economic uncertainty could also result in investors becoming more risk-averse, which in turn could reduce the amount of growth capital available to the companies from both existing and new investors, could adversely affect their operating performance, and could delay liquidity paths (for example, an IPO or strategic sale/merger) for the companies. The securities of private portfolio companies are illiquid, and the inability of these portfolio companies to complete an IPO within the targeted time frame will extend the holding period of the Fund’s investments and may adversely affect the value of these investments.

 

 

34


  Initial Public Offering Risk .    The market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. See “Principal Risks—Initial Public Offering Risk.”

 

  Interest Rate Risk .    When interest rates increase, fixed income securities or instruments held by the Fund, including MLPs, will generally decline in value. Long-term fixed income securities or instruments will normally have more price volatility because of this risk than short-term fixed income securities or instruments. Rising interest rates could increase the costs of capital thereby increasing operating costs and reducing the ability of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector to carry out acquisitions or expansions in a cost-effective manner. As a result, rising interest rates could negatively affect the financial performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector. Rising interest rates may also impact the price of the securities of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector as the yields on alternative investments increase. With interest rates now close to historic lows, the risk of a rise in interest rates is greater.

 

  The Fund may enter into a swap or cap transaction to attempt to protect itself from increasing dividend or interest expenses resulting from increasing short-term rates. A decline in interest rates may result in a decline in the value of the swap or cap, which may result in a decline in the NAV of the Fund. A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the NAV of the Fund.

 

  Liquidity Risk     Although the equity securities of the MLPs in which the Fund invests generally trade on major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less frequently, particularly those of MLPs and other issuers with smaller capitalizations. Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements. Also, the Fund may make investments that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. In addition, the Fund may be one of the largest investors in certain sub-sectors of the energy or natural resource sectors. Thus, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such securities without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Larger purchases or sales of these securities by the Fund in a short period of time may cause abnormal movements in the market price of these securities. When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security or instrument at all. An inability to sell one or more portfolio positions can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities.

 

 

35


  During certain periods the liquidity of particular issuers or industries, or all securities within particular investment categories, may shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political events, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate.

 

  Valuation Risk .    Market prices may not be readily available for some of the Fund’s investments, including MLP subordinated units, direct ownership of general partner or managing member interests and restricted or unregistered securities of certain MLPs and private companies. The value of such securities is determined by fair valuations determined by the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures governing the valuation of portfolio securities adopted by the Board of Trustees. Proper valuation of such securities may require more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than for valuation of securities for which an active trading market exists. As a limited partner in MLPs, the Fund includes its allocable share of the MLPs, taxable income in computing its own taxable income. Deferred income taxes in the financial statements of the Fund reflect (i) taxes on unrealized gains/losses, which are attributable to the temporary difference between fair market value and the tax basis of the Fund’s assets, (ii) the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and (iii) the net tax benefit of accumulated net operating losses. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset, consideration is given as to whether or not a valuation allowance is required. In the assessment for a valuation allowance, consideration is given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax asset. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability (which are highly dependent on future MLP cash distributions), the duration of statutory carryforward periods and the associated risk that operating loss carryforwards may expire unused.

 

  Natural Resources Risk .    The Fund may invest in MLPs and companies principally engaged in owning or developing non-energy natural resources (including timber and minerals) and industrial materials, or supplying goods or services to such companies. The Fund’s investments in natural resources issuers (including MLPs) will be subject to the risk that prices of these investments may fluctuate widely in response to the level and volatility of commodity prices; exchange rates; import controls; domestic and global competition; environmental regulation and liability for environmental damage; mandated expenditures for safety or pollution control; the success of exploration projects; depletion of resources; tax policies; and other governmental regulation. Investments in natural resources issuers can be significantly affected by changes in the supply of or demand for natural resources. The value of investments in natural resources issuers may be adversely affected by a change in inflation.

 

 

36


  Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Risk .    The securities of mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Both mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies often have narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks become. See “Principal Risks—Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Risk.”

 

  Delay in Use of Proceeds Risk .    Although the Fund intends to invest the proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby as soon as practicable following the completion of this offering, such investments may be delayed if suitable investments are unavailable at the time. The trading market and volumes for securities of MLPs and energy companies may at times be less liquid than the market for other securities. Prior to the time the proceeds of this offering are invested, such proceeds may be invested in short-term money market instruments and securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises (“U.S. Government Securities”), pending investment in securities of MLPs or energy companies. Income received by the Fund from these securities would subject the Fund to corporate tax before any distributions to security holders. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

  Cash Flow Risk .    The Fund expects that a substantial portion of the cash flow it receives will be derived from its investments in equity securities of MLPs. The amount and tax characterization of cash available for distribution by an MLP depends upon the amount of cash generated by such entity’s operations. Cash available for distribution by MLPs will vary widely from quarter to quarter and is affected by various factors affecting the entity’s operations. In addition to the risks described herein, operating costs, capital expenditures, acquisition costs, construction costs, exploration costs and borrowing costs may reduce the amount of cash that an MLP has available for distribution in a given period.

 

 

Capital Market Risk .    Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, volatile due to a variety of factors. The cost of raising capital in the debt and equity capital markets has increased substantially while the ability to raise capital from those markets has diminished significantly. In particular, as a result of concerns about the general stability of financial markets and specifically the solvency of lending counterparties, the cost of raising capital from the credit markets generally has increased as many lenders and institutional investors have increased interest rates, enacted tighter lending standards, refused to refinance debt on existing terms or at all and reduced, or in some cases ceased to provide, funding to

 

 

37


 

borrowers. In addition, lending counterparties under existing revolving credit facilities and other debt instruments may be unwilling or unable to meet their funding obligations. Due to these factors, MLPs may be unable to obtain new debt or equity financing on acceptable terms or at all and therefore MLPs may not be able to meet their obligations as they come due. Moreover, without adequate funding, MLPs may be unable to execute their growth strategies, complete future acquisitions, take advantage of other business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on their revenues and results of operations.

 

  Competition Risk .    A number of alternatives exist for investing in a portfolio of MLPs and their affiliates, including other publicly traded investment companies, structured notes, private funds, open-end funds and indexed products. These competitive conditions may adversely impact the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective, which in turn could adversely impact its ability to make distributions or interest or Preferred Share distribution payments.

 

  Royalty Trust Risk .    Royalty trusts are exposed to many of the same risks as other MLPs. The value of the equity securities of the royalty trusts in which the Fund invests may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of those royalty trusts, the condition of equity markets generally, commodity prices, and other factors. Distributions on royalty trusts in which the Fund may invest will depend upon the declaration of distributions from the constituent royalty trusts, but there can be no assurance that those royalty trusts will pay distributions. Typically royalty trusts own the rights to royalties on the production and sales of a natural resource, including oil, gas, minerals and timber. As these deplete, production and cash flows steadily decline, which may decrease distributions. The declaration of such distributions generally depends upon various factors, including the operating performance and financial condition of the royalty trust and general economic conditions.

 

  In many circumstances, the royalty trusts in which the Fund may invest may have limited operating histories. The value of royalty trust securities depends on factors that are not within the Fund’s control, including the financial performance of the respective issuers, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices (which will vary and are determined by supply and demand factors including weather and general economic and political conditions), the hedging policies employed by such issuers, issues relating to the regulation of the energy industry and operational risks relating to the energy industry.

 

 

Credit/Default Risk .    An issuer or guarantor of fixed income securities or instruments held by the Fund (which may have low credit ratings) may default on its obligation to pay interest and repay principal or default on any other obligation. The credit quality of the Fund’s portfolio securities or instruments may meet the Fund’s credit quality requirements at the time of purchase but then deteriorate thereafter, and such a deterioration can occur rapidly. In certain

 

 

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instances, the downgrading or default of a single holding or guarantor of the Fund’s holding may impair the Fund’s liquidity and have the potential to cause significant NAV deterioration.

 

  Strategy Risk .    The Fund’s strategy of investing primarily in MLPs, resulting in its being taxed as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, rather than as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a relatively new investment strategy for funds. This strategy involves complicated and in some cases unsettled accounting, tax and valuation issues that may result in unexpected and potentially significant consequences for the Fund and its shareholders. In addition, accounting, tax and valuation procedures in this area are still developing, and there may not always be a clear consensus among industry participants as to the most appropriate approach. This may result in changes over time in the Fund’s accounting, tax and valuation practices, which, in turn, could have material adverse consequences on the Fund and its shareholders.

 

  Other Investment Company Risk .    Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act and the Fund’s governing documents or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Fund may acquire shares in other investment companies. When the Fund invests in other investment companies, it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the other investment companies.

 

  ETNs Risk .    ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange ( e.g. , the NYSE) during normal trading hours. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset.

 

  Non-Diversification Risk .    The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that the Fund is permitted to invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than “diversified” funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

 

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk .    The Fund’s Declaration of Trust and Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees (the “Board” and each member, a “Trustee”). Such provisions could limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to

 

 

39


 

obtain control of the Fund. See “Additional Information About the Fund—Anti-Takeover Provisions.”

 

  Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk .    When the Investment Adviser anticipates unusual market or other conditions, the Fund may temporarily depart from its primary investment strategy as a defensive measure and invest all or a portion of its assets in obligations of the U.S. Government; commercial paper rated at least A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moody’s or having a comparable rating by another NRSRO (or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality); certificates of deposit; bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements; non-convertible preferred stocks and non-convertible corporate bonds with a remaining maturity of less than one year; ETFs; other investment companies; cash items; or any other fixed income securities that the Investment Adviser considers consistent with this strategy. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objective.

 

  REIT Risk .    REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or geographic region are subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. The securities of REITs involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions and other factors. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

 

  Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk .    The terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, had a disruptive effect on the securities markets. The ongoing U.S. military and related action in Afghanistan and instability in Pakistan, Ukraine and the Middle East, as well as the continuing threat of terrorist attacks, could have significant adverse effects on the U.S. economy, the stock market and world economies and markets generally. A similar disruption of financial markets or other terrorist attacks could adversely affect Fund service providers and/or the Fund’s operations as well as interest rates, secondary trading, credit risk, inflation and other factors relating to the Common Shares. The Fund cannot predict the effects or likelihood of similar events in the future on the U.S. and world economies, the value of the Common Shares or the NAV of the Fund.

 

 

U.S. Government Securities Risk .    The U.S. government may not provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. U.S. Government Securities issued by those agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises, including those issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Banks, are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Treasury and, therefore, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government Securities held by the Fund may greatly exceed their

 

 

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current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that issuers of U.S. Government Securities will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been operating under conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Administration (“FHFA”) acting as their conservator, since September 2008. The entities are dependent upon the continued support of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and FHFA in order to continue their business operations. These factors, among others, could affect the future status and role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the values of their securities and the securities which they guarantee. Additionally, the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, which may fluctuate.

 

  Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk .    The Investment Adviser’s investment team is often responsible for managing the Fund as well as one or more funds and other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles, such as unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. See “Activities of Goldman Sachs and its Affiliates and Other Accounts Managed by Goldman Sachs.”

 

  The Investment Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. The Investment Adviser seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, the Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Fund and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies.

 

  For additional risks relating to investments in the Fund, including “Emerging Markets Risk,” “Foreign Custody Risk,” “Deflation Risk,” “Inflation Risk,” “Legal and Regulatory Risks,” “Government Intervention,” “Information Technology Systems,” “Legislation Risk,” “Management Risk,” “Misconduct of Employees and Service Providers,” “Portfolio Turnover Risk,” “Reliance on Service Providers” and “When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk,” see “Other Portfolio Risks” in this prospectus.

 

 

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FUND FEES AND EXPENSES

The following table shows estimated Fund expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares. The purpose of the following table and the example below is to help you understand the fees and expenses that you, as a common shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly. Shareholders should understand that some of the percentages indicated in the tables below are estimates and may vary. The expenses shown in the table under “Estimated Annual Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the Fund’s first full year of operations and assume that the Fund issues 12,500,000 Common Shares. This table assumes the use of leverage through a credit facility by the Fund in an amount of 27.5% of its Managed Assets (as determined immediately after borrowing). If the Fund issues fewer Common Shares, all other things being equal, these expenses would increase as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares. See “Management of the Fund” and “Additional Information About the Fund—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” The following table should not be considered a representation of the Fund’s future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown.

 

     Percentage of
Offering Price
 

Common Shareholder Transaction Expenses

  

Sales Load Paid by You(1)

     4.50

Offering Expenses Borne by the Fund(2)

     .20

Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(3)

     None   
     Percentage of
Net Assets

Attributable to
Common Shares

(Assuming
the Use of Leverage)(4)
 

Estimated Annual Expenses

  

Management Fees(5)

     1.38

Interest Expense(6)

     .47

Current Income Tax Expense(7)

     —     

Deferred Income Tax Expense(7)

     —     

Other Expenses(8)

     .59
  

 

 

 

Total Annual Expenses

     2.44
  

 

 

 

 

(1) For a description of the sales load, structuring fees and of other compensation paid to the Underwriters by the Fund and the Investment Adviser, see “Underwriting.”

 

(2) The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay (i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and (ii) offering expenses (other than the sales load) that exceed $.04 per Common Share. The Fund will pay offering expenses of the Fund (other than the sales load) up to $.04 per Common Share. Any offering expenses paid by the Fund will be deducted from the proceeds of the offering received by the Fund. The aggregate offering expenses (other than the sales load) to be borne by the Fund are estimated to be $    (approximately $.04 per Common Share). The offering costs to be paid by the Fund are not included in the Total Annual Expenses amount shown in the table. Offering costs borne by the Fund’s Common shareholders will result in a reduction of capital of the Fund attributable to the Fund’s Common Shares.

 

(3) The expenses of administering the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan are included in “Other Expenses.” You will pay brokerage charges if you direct your broker or the plan agent to sell your Common Shares that you acquired pursuant to the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan. You may also pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases pursuant to the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

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(4) This table reflects that fact that you, as a common shareholder, will bear the expenses of the Fund’s use of leverage in the form of higher fees as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets attributable to Common Shares than if the Fund did not use leverage. In order to help you better understand the costs associated with the Fund’s leveraging strategy, and to better understand the range of costs you will bear as a common shareholder, as the Fund moves toward full implementation of its leveraging strategy after the completion of this offering, the table presented below estimates what the Fund’s annual expenses would be, stated as percentages of the Fund’s net assets attributable to Common Shares, assuming the Fund is the same size as in the table above and does not use leverage in the form of a credit facility. In accordance with these assumptions, the Fund’s expenses would be estimated to be as follows:

 

     Percentage of
Net Assets

Attributable to
Common Shares

(Assuming no
Leverage is Used)
 

Estimated Annual Expenses

  

Management Fees

     1.00

Current Income Tax Expense(7)

     —     

Deferred Income Tax Expense(7)

     —     

Other Expenses(8)

     .38
  

 

 

 

Total Annual Expenses

     1.38
  

 

 

 

 

(5) The Fund pays a management fee to the Investment Adviser in an annual amount equal to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. The management fee of 1.00% of the Fund’s Managed Assets represents 1.38% of net assets attributable to Common Shares assuming the use of leverage in an amount of 27.5% of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

 

(6) Assumes the use of leverage through a credit facility representing 27.5% of Managed Assets (as determined immediately after borrowing) at an annual interest rate expense to the Fund of 1.25%, which is based on current market conditions. The interest on the credit facility is a variable rate and will increase in a rising interest rate environment. The Fund may use other forms of leverage, which may be subject to different interest expenses than those estimated above. The actual amount of interest expense borne by the Fund will vary over time in accordance with the level of the Fund’s use of leverage and variations in market interest rates. Fees and expenses in respect of other forms of leverage that may be used by the Fund in the future will be indirectly borne by the holders of the Common Shares.

 

(7) The Fund will be treated for federal tax purposes as a taxable regular corporation or so-called “C” corporation. As a “C” corporation, the Fund will accrue a deferred tax liability balance for its future tax liability associated with the capital appreciation of its investments and the distributions it receives on equity securities of MLPs considered to be returns of capital and for any net operating gains. The Fund’s accrued deferred tax liability, if any, will be reflected in its NAV. The deferred income tax expenses/(benefit) represent an estimate of the Fund’s potential tax expenses/(benefit) if it were to recognize the unrealized gains/(losses) in its portfolio. An estimate of deferred income tax expenses/(benefit) is dependent upon the Fund’s net investment income/(loss) and realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on investments, and such expenses/(benefits) may vary greatly from year to year and from day to day depending on the nature of the Fund’ s investments, the performance of those investments and general market conditions. Therefore, any estimate of deferred income tax expenses/(benefit) cannot be reliably predicted from year to year. Future actual income tax expense (if any) will be incurred over many years depending on if and when investment gains are realized, the then-current tax basis of assets and federal income tax rates, the level of net loss carryforwards and other factors. The above table assumes no current and deferred tax expenses as the Fund has not commenced operations and thus does not have sufficient operating history to accurately estimate anticipated current and deferred tax expenses.

 

43


(8) The “Other Expenses” shown in the tables above and related footnotes are based upon estimated amounts for the current fiscal year and assumes the Fund issues approximately 12,500,000 Common Shares.

Example

The following Example illustrates the various costs and expenses (including the sales load of $45.00 and estimated offering costs of $2.00) that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Common Shares of the Fund for the time periods indicated, assuming (1) total net annual expenses of 2.44% of net assets attributable to Common Shares in years one through ten (which assumes the Fund’s use of leverage through borrowings in an aggregate amount equal to 27.5% of the Fund’s Managed Assets), and (2) a 5% annual return*:

 

1 Year

 

3 Years

 

5 Years

 

10 Years

$71

  $119   $171   $312

 

* The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. The example assumes that the estimated “Other Expenses” set forth in the Annual Expenses table are accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The net proceeds of the offering of Common Shares will be approximately $    ($    if the Underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) after payment of the estimated organizational and offering costs. The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay (i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and (ii) offering expenses (other than the sales load) that exceed $.04 per Common Share. The Fund will invest the net proceeds of the offering according to its investment objective and policies. The Fund currently anticipates that it will be able to fully invest net proceeds in accordance with its investment objective and policies within approximately three months after the completion of this offering, depending on the availability of securities consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Pending such investment, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term, tax-exempt or taxable investment grade securities.

THE FUND

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on July 7, 2014. As a newly organized entity, the Fund has no operating history. The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy that may be changed by the Fund’s Board of Trustees without prior approval of common shareholders. The Fund’s principal office is located at 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, and its telephone number is 212-902-1000.

 

45


GENERAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Goldman Sachs’ MLP Energy Investment Philosophy

Evaluate Overall Energy Trends.

The Goldman Sachs Energy & Infrastructure Team examines the capital spending patterns of the upstream oil and gas industry to identify areas with growing oil and gas production and to identify those areas that are out of favor. Through this process, the team aims to understand potential shifts in regional supply and demand balances. In particular, the team monitors supply and demand trends across multiple commodities, including crude oil, refined products, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and coal, identifying short-term and long-term trends and potential impacts across the entire energy value chain. The upstream oil and gas industry encompasses exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. This may include searching for potential underground or underwater oil and gas fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and operation of wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.

Establish Implications for Energy Infrastructure.

Having identified supply and demand trends, the team then assesses the implications of these trends across the energy value chain for the purposes of:

 

    Product or Commodity Exposure Selection: Depending upon which product or commodity the upstream oil and gas industry is directing the majority of its investment dollars towards, the team determines the sub-sectors in the midstream oil and gas industry.

 

    Functional Exposure Selection: Even for a given commodity, different parts of the infrastructure value chain experience varying demand over time. For instance, in the early stages of development of oil and gas fields, “gathering” infrastructure is most in demand. As development accelerates, other parts of the infrastructure value chain such as “long-haul pipelines” and “storage” infrastructure experience greater demand. Understanding the development cycle enables the team to focus on assets with the appropriate functional exposure.

 

    Regional Exposure Selection: Identifying areas experiencing production growth and regions that are out of favor helps the team:

 

    Determine which regions are more likely to demonstrate increased demand for energy infrastructure

 

    Identify regions with redundant infrastructure that may eventually manifest in lower cash flows due to the shifts in supply and demand balances

Identify Specific Companies for Investment.

Having established an understanding of how supply and demand patterns could shift over time and their implications for energy infrastructure, the team undertakes detailed bottom-up analysis of individual companies with exposure to the trends identified. This process helps identify companies with potential for above-average distribution growth over multiple years and also helps isolate potential trouble spots. Specifically, the team:

 

    Creates and maintains proprietary financial models on companies within the investment universe and develops independent income and cash flow estimates which are then used to benchmark companies’ actual results;

 

    Spends considerable time engaging in dialogue with management teams to gain a better understanding of companies’ strategic direction, attitude towards capital stewardship, and other aspects such as propensity for acquisitions, etc.;

 

    Employs multiple valuation methodologies including discounted cash flow analysis, yield-based valuation, and other cash flow-based metrics to estimate fair value of target companies; and

 

46


    Monitors the health of target companies’ balance sheets, availability of liquidity, access to debt and equity markets, and other similar factors.

Buy/Sell Discipline

The team believes in balancing growth with other important attributes, including reliability of current distributions, credit ratings and leverage and considers those factors when evaluating potential investments.

Similarly, deterioration in growth prospects, falling distribution coverage, limited liquidity in the face of increasing capital expenditure commitments, and rising leverage are examples of signals that the team relies on in deciding whether or not to sell a position.

 

47


INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks a high level of total return with an emphasis on current distributions to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund will provide shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior notice of any change in its investment objective.

Principal Investment Strategies

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in MLPs and other energy investments. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). The Fund may also invest in securities and other instruments issued by income and royalty trusts and other issuers.

The Fund’s MLP investments may include, but are not limited to, MLPs structured as limited partnerships (“LPs”) or limited liability companies (“LLCs”); MLPs that are organized as LPs or LLCs, but taxed as “C” corporations; equity securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by an MLP affiliate, including institutional units (“I-Units”) and MLP general partner or managing member interests; “C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs; MLP equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP convertible subordinated units and MLP preferred units; private investments in public equities (“PIPEs”) issued by MLPs; MLP debt securities; and other U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that provide exposure to the MLP market, including pooled investment vehicles that primarily hold MLP interests and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). The Fund’s other energy investments may include equity and fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies other than MLPs that (i) are classified by a third party as operating within the oil and gas storage, transportation, refining, marketing, drilling, exploration or production sub-industries or (ii) have at least 50% of their assets, income, sales or profits committed to, or derived from, the exploration, development, production, gathering, transportation (including marine), transmission, terminal operation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products, coal, electricity or other energy sources, energy-related equipment or services. The Fund’s MLP and other energy investments may also include companies that engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. The Fund may invest in shares of initial public offerings (“IPOs”), secondary market issuances and private transactions (including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and investments in private companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more than 30% of its Managed Assets in other energy investments.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that are not MLP or other energy investments. Such issuers may be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, may not offer the tax benefits of MLP investments. See “Taxation.”

The Fund currently expects to concentrate its investments in the energy sector, with an emphasis on midstream MLP investments. The Fund will invest in investments across the energy value chain, including upstream, midstream and downstream investments. At various times, the Fund may be more heavily invested in one segment of the energy value chain over another, and may not always be invested in all three segments, depending on market conditions. Midstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the treatment, gathering, compression, processing, transportation, transmission, fractionation, storage and terminalling of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal. Midstream MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses including marketing of energy products and logistical services. Upstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of

 

48


crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. An upstream MLP’s cash flow and distributions are driven by the amount of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil produced and the demand for and price of such commodities. Downstream MLP investments include companies that are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources. The Fund’s MLP investments may be of any capitalization size.

MLPs formed as LPs or LLCs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs are generally publicly traded, are regulated by the SEC and must make public filings like any publicly traded entity. The Fund may also invest in privately placed securities of publicly traded MLPs.

Many of the MLPs in which the Fund may invest operate oil, gas or petroleum facilities, or other facilities within the energy sector. The Fund may also invest in “upstream” and “downstream” MLPs. Upstream MLPs are primarily engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. Downstream MLPs are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil. The MLPs in which the Fund invests may also engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel.

The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, unlike most investment companies, is subject to corporate income tax to the extent the Fund recognizes taxable income. Given the Fund’s concentration in MLPs, the Fund is not eligible to be treated as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. The types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest historically have made cash distributions to limited partners or members that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion. If the cash distributions exceed the taxable income reported in a particular tax year, the excess cash distributions would not be taxed as income to the Fund in that tax year but rather would be treated as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Fund’s basis in its MLP units. Similarly, the Fund may distribute cash in excess of its earnings and profits (as computed for tax purposes) to its holders common shareholders, which may be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes to the extent of the common shareholders’ bases in the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent that distributions to common shareholders are treated as a return of capital, their basis in the Fund’s Common Shares will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale or redemption of such shares. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s expectations will be realized. If these expectations are not realized, the Fund will have more corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in less cash available to distribute to its common shareholders. Additionally, a greater portion of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. Unlike traditional closed-end funds, the Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%) as well as state and local income taxes.

 

49


PORTFOLIO SECURITIES AND TECHNIQUES

Master Limited Partnerships

A MLP is generally an entity receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code, and whose interests or “units” are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies. The general partner manages the partnership; has an ownership stake in the partnership; and is typically eligible to receive an incentive distribution. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, have a limited (if any) role in the operation and management of the partnership, and receive cash distributions. Due to their partnership structure, MLPs generally do not pay income taxes.

Holders of MLP units could potentially become subject to liability for all of the obligations of an MLP, if a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Master Limited Partnership Risk.”

To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. Many of the MLPs in which the Fund may invest operate oil, gas or petroleum facilities, or other facilities within the energy sector.

MLPs Structured as Limited Liability Companies

Some energy companies in which the Fund may invest have been organized as MLP LLCs. Such MLP LLCs are generally treated in the same manner as MLPs organized as LPs for federal income tax purposes. Consistent with its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in common units or other securities of such MLP LLCs. MLP LLC common units represent an equity ownership interest in an MLP LLC, entitling the holders to a share of the MLP LLC’s success through distributions and/or capital appreciation. Similar to MLPs, MLP LLCs typically do not pay federal income tax at the entity level and are required by their operating agreements to distribute a large percentage of their current operating earnings. MLP LLC common unitholders generally have first right to an MQD prior to distributions to subordinated unitholders and typically have arrearage rights if the MQD is not met. In the event of liquidation, MLP LLC common unitholders have first right to the MLP LLC’s remaining assets after bondholders, other debt holders and preferred unitholders, if any, have been paid in full. MLP LLC common units typically trade on a national securities exchange or OTC. In contrast to MLPs, MLP LLCs have no general partner and there are generally no incentives that entitle management or other unitholders to increased percentages of cash distributions as distributions reach higher target levels. In addition, MLP LLC common unitholders typically have voting rights with respect to the MLP LLC, whereas MLP common units have limited voting rights.

MLPs Taxed as “C” Corporations

Some MLPs are organized as LPs or LLCs but are taxed as “C” corporations that are subject to corporate income tax to the extent they recognize taxable income and are subject to U.S. federal income tax on their taxable income at the graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%) as well as state and local income taxes. Investments in units of MLPs that are taxed as “C” corporations may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of investments in other MLPs.

MLP Affiliates and I-Units

The Fund may invest in equity and debt securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by affiliates of the MLP, including the general partners or managing members of MLPs and companies that own MLP general partner interests. Such issuers may be organized and/or taxed as “C” corporations and therefore

 

50


may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of MLP units. The Fund may purchase such other MLP equity securities through market transactions, but may also do so through direct placements.

I-Units. I-Units represent an indirect ownership interest in an MLP and are issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Units to purchase limited partnership interests in its affiliated MLP. Thus, I-Units represent an indirect interest in an MLP. I-Units have limited voting rights and are similar in that respect to MLP common units. I-Units differ from MLP common units primarily in that instead of receiving cash distributions, holders of I-Units will receive distributions of additional I-Units in an amount equal to the cash distributions received by common unit holders. I-Units are typically traded on the NYSE. Issuers of MLP I-Units are treated as corporations and not partnerships for tax purposes.

MLP General Partner or Managing Member Interests. The general partner or managing member interest in an MLP is typically retained by the original sponsors of an MLP, such as its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets to the MLP. The holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner or managing member. MLPs have liabilities, such as litigation, environmental liability, and regulatory proceedings related to their business operations or transactions. To the extent that actual outcomes differ from management’s estimates, earnings would be affected. If recorded liabilities are not adequate, earnings would be reduced. To the extent that an MLP incurs liability for which there was an inadequate offsetting liability recorded, or if reserves or insurance are not available to satisfy an MLP’s liabilities, the MLP’s general partner would be liable for those amounts, which could be in excess of its investment in the MLP. However, MLP general partners typically are structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies in order to limit their liability to the creditors of the MLP to the amount of capital the general partner has invested in the MLP. The Fund may also invest in MLP general partner interests that are structured as corporations.

General partner or managing member interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and in many cases control over the operations of, the MLP. General partner or managing member interests can be privately held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive IDRs, which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Incentive distributions to a general partner are designed to encourage the general partner, which controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners. Due to the IDRs, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of IDRs to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

MLP Equity Securities

Equity securities issued by MLPs generally consist of common units, subordinated units and preferred units, as described more fully below.

MLP Common Units. The common units of many MLPs are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges, including the NYSE and NASDAQ. The Fund will purchase such common units through open market transactions and underwritten offerings, but may also acquire common units through direct placements and privately negotiated transactions or PIPEs. Holders of MLP common units typically have very limited control and voting rights. Holders of such common units are typically entitled to receive a MQD from the issuer, and typically have a right, to the extent that an MLP fails to make a previous MQD, to recover in future distributions the amount by which the MQD was short (“arrearage rights”). Generally, an MLP must pay (or set aside for payment) the MQD to holders of common units before any distributions may be paid to subordinated unit

 

51


holders. In addition, incentive distributions are typically not paid to the general partner or managing member unless the quarterly distributions on the common units exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. In the event of a liquidation, common unit holders are intended to have a preference with respect to the remaining assets of the issuer over holders of subordinated units. MLPs issue different classes of common units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of common units.

MLP Subordinated Units. Subordinated units, which, like common units, represent limited partner or member interests, are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase outstanding subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with holders of such units or newly issued subordinated units directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD and any arrearages from prior quarters have been paid to holders of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have the right to receive distributions before any incentive distributions are payable to the general partner or managing member. Subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage rights. Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common units after the passage of a specified period of time or upon the achievement by the issuer of specified financial goals. MLPs issue different classes of subordinated units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of subordinated units.

MLP Convertible Subordinated Units. MLP convertible subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to MLPs, and institutional investors. Convertible subordinated units increase the likelihood that, during the subordination period, there will be available cash to be distributed to common unitholders. MLP convertible subordinated units generally are not entitled to distributions until holders of common units have received their specified MQD, plus any arrearages, and may receive less than common unitholders in distributions upon liquidation. Convertible subordinated unitholders generally are entitled to MQD prior to the payment of incentive distributions to the general partner, but are not entitled to arrearage rights. Therefore, MLP convertible subordinated units generally entail greater risk than MLP common units. Convertible subordinated units are generally convertible automatically into senior common units of the same issuer at a one-to-one ratio upon the passage of time or the satisfaction of certain financial tests. Convertible subordinated units do not trade on a national exchange or OTC, and there is no active market for them. The value of a convertible subordinated unit is a function of its worth if converted into the underlying common units. Convertible subordinated units generally have similar voting rights as do MLP common units. Distributions may be paid in cash or in-kind.

MLP Preferred Units. MLP preferred units are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase MLP preferred units through negotiated transactions directly with MLPs, affiliates of MLPs and institutional holders of such units. Holders of MLP preferred units can be entitled to a wide range of voting and other rights, depending on the structure of each separate security. In most cases, holders of preferred units are entitled to receive distributions before distributions are made to common unitholders that are either equal to the MQD, or set at a fixed rate that is above the MLP’s current distribution. Preferred units are senior in the capital structure to common units, but are subordinate to debt holders.

“C” Corporations with Predominant Assets in MLP Interests

“C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs must pay entity-level corporate taxes, and their shareholders are also subject to taxes on any dividends received. Investors in such “C” corporations have voting rights while, by contrast, unitholders of MLPs are “limited partners” and have no role in the organizations’ operations or management.

PIPEs

The Investment Adviser may elect to invest in PIPEs and other unregistered or otherwise restricted securities issued by public MLPs and similar entities, including unregistered MLP preferred units. The Investment Adviser expects most such private securities to be liquid within six to nine months of funding, but may also invest in other private securities with significantly longer or shorter restricted periods. PIPEs involve

 

52


the direct placement of equity securities to a purchaser such as the Fund. Equity issued in this manner is often unregistered and therefore less liquid than equity issued through a public offering. Such private equity offerings provide issuers greater flexibility in structure and timing as compared to public offerings. The following highlights some of the reasons MLPs choose to issue equity through private placements:

Effective Acquisition Funding Vehicle. MLPs typically distribute all of their available cash at the end of each quarter, and therefore generally finance acquisitions through the issuance of additional equity and debt securities. PIPEs allow MLPs to structure the equity funding to close concurrently with an acquisition, thereby eliminating or reducing the equity funding risk. This avoids equity overhang issues (discussed below) and can ease rating agency concerns over interim excessive leverage associated with an acquisition.

Eliminates or Reduces Equity Overhang Issues. Generally an MLP’s unit price declines when investors know the MLP will be issuing public equity in the near term. An example of this is when an MLP closes a sizeable acquisition funded under its credit facility or with another form of debt financing. In this situation, equity investors will typically wait for the public offering to provide additional liquidity, and therefore the demand for units is reduced, and the unit price falls. Issuing units through a PIPE in conjunction with the acquisition eliminates this equity overhang.

Broadens Investor Base. Public equity offerings for MLPs are typically allocated primarily to retail investors. Private placements allow issuers to access new pools of equity capital. In addition, institutional investors, such as the Fund, that participate in PIPEs are potential investors for future equity financings.

Greater Structural Flexibility. Certain acquisitions and organic development projects require a more structured form of equity. For example, organic projects that require significant capital expenditures that do not generate near-term cash flow may require a class of equity that does not pay a distribution for a certain period. The public equity market is generally not an efficient venue to raise this type of specialized equity. Given the significant number of organic projects that have been announced by MLPs, the private placement of PIPEs are believed by the Investment Adviser to be likely to remain an important funding component in the MLP sector.

Avoided Cost and Uncertainty of Public Equity Issuance. Some issuers prefer the certainty of a private placement at a specified fixed discount, compared to the uncertainty of a public offering. The underwriting costs of a public equity issuance in the MLP space can significantly reduce gross equity proceeds, and the unit price of the issuance can decline during the marketing of a public deal, resulting in increased cost to an issuer. The cost of a PIPE can be competitive with that of a public issuance while providing greater certainty of funding.

More Expedient Process with Limited Marketing Requirements. Unlike public equity offerings, private placements are typically more time efficient for management teams, with negotiations, due diligence and marketing required only for a small targeted group of sophisticated institutional investors.

Monetizations. Financial sponsors, founding partners and/or parent companies typically own significant stakes in MLPs in the form of subordinated units. As these units are not registered, monetization alternatives are limited. PIPEs provide liquidity in these situations.

Many MLPs rely on the private placement market as a source of equity capital. Given the limitations in raising equity from a predominantly retail investor base and the tax and administrative constraints to significant institutional participation, PIPEs have been a popular financing alternative with many MLPs.

MLP Debt Securities

Debt securities issued by MLPs may include those rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in below investment grade debt securities. The Fund may invest in MLP debt securities without regard to credit quality or maturity. Investments in such securities may not offer the tax characteristics of equity securities of MLPs.

 

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Non-MLP Equity Securities

The Fund may invest in equity securities, including common or ordinary stocks, ADRs, GGDRs, EDRs, preferred stock, convertible securities, investment companies (including other mutual funds or ETFs), and rights and warrants.

Non-MLP Debt Securities

The Fund may invest in debt securities of other issuers, including debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest in debt securities without regard for their maturity.

Greenfield Projects

Greenfield projects are energy-related projects built by private joint ventures formed by energy companies. Greenfield projects may include the creation of a new pipeline, processing plant or storage facility or other energy infrastructure asset that is integrated with the company’s existing assets. The Fund may invest in the equity of greenfield projects and also may invest in the secured debt of greenfield projects. However, an investment also may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until construction is completed, at which time interest payments or dividends would be paid in cash. The Investment Adviser believes that this niche leverages the organizational and operating expertise of large, publicly traded companies and provides the Fund with the opportunity to earn higher returns. Greenfield projects involve less investment risk than typical private equity financing arrangements. The primary risk involved with greenfield projects is execution risk or construction risk. Changing project requirements, elevated costs for labor and materials, and unexpected construction hurdles all can increase construction costs. Financing risk exists should changes in construction costs or financial markets occur. Regulatory risk exists should changes in regulation occur during construction or the necessary permits are not secured prior to beginning construction.

Income Trusts

The Fund may invest in income trusts, including business trusts and royalty trusts. Income trusts are operating businesses that have been put into a trust. They pay out the bulk of their free cash flow to unit holders. The businesses that are sold into these trusts are usually mature and stable income-producing companies that lend themselves to fixed (monthly or quarterly) distributions. These trusts are regarded as equity investments with fixed-income attributes or high-yield debt with no fixed maturity date. These trusts typically offer regular income payments and a significant premium yield compared to other types of fixed income investments.

Business Trusts. A business trust is an income trust where the principal business of the underlying corporation or other entity is in the manufacturing, service or general industrial sectors. It is anticipated that the number of businesses constituted or reorganized as income trusts will increase significantly in the future. Conversion to the income trust structure is attractive to many existing mature businesses with relatively high, stable cash flows and low capital expenditure requirements, due to tax efficiency and investor demand for high-yielding equity securities. One of the primary attractions of business trusts, in addition to their relatively high yield, is their ability to enhance diversification in the portfolio as they cover a broad range of industries and geographies, including public refrigerated warehousing, mining, coal distribution, sugar distribution, forest products, retail sales, food sales and processing, chemical recovery and processing, data processing, gas marketing and check printing. Each business represented is typically characterized by long life assets or businesses that have exhibited a high degree of stability. Investments in business trusts are subject to various risks, including risks related to the underlying operating companies controlled by such trusts. These risks may include lack of or limited operating histories and increased susceptibility to interest rate risks.

Royalty Trusts. A royalty trust typically controls an operating company which purchases oil and gas properties using the trust’s capital. The royalty trust then receives royalties and/or interest payments from its

 

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operating company, and distributes them as income to its unit holders. Units of the royalty trust represent an economic interest in the underlying assets of the trust.

The Fund may invest in royalty trusts that are traded on stock exchanges. Royalty trusts are income trusts that own or control oil and gas operating companies. Royalty trusts pay out substantially all of the cash flow they receive from the production and sale of underlying crude oil and natural gas reserves to shareholders (unitholders) in the form of monthly dividends (distributions). As a result of distributing the bulk of their cash flow to unitholders, royalty trusts are effectively precluded from internally originating new oil and gas prospects. Therefore, these royalty trusts typically grow through acquisition of producing companies or those with proven reserves of oil and gas, funded through the issuance of additional equity or, where the trust is able, additional debt. Consequently, royalty trusts are considered less exposed to the uncertainties faced by a traditional exploration and production corporation. However, they are still exposed to commodity risk and reserve risk, as well as operating risk.

The operations and financial condition of royalty trusts, and the amount of distributions or dividends paid on their securities is dependent on oil and gas prices. Prices for commodities vary and are determined by supply and demand factors, including weather, and general economic and political conditions. A decline in oil or gas prices could have a substantial adverse effect on the operations and financial conditions of the trusts. Such trusts are also subject to the risk of an adverse change in the regulations of the natural resource industry and other operational risks relating to the energy sector. In addition, the underlying operating companies held or controlled by the trusts are usually involved in oil exploration; however, such companies may not be successful in holding, discovering, or exploiting adequate commercial quantities of oil, the failure of which will adversely affect their values. Even if successful, oil and gas prices have fluctuated widely during the most recent years and may continue to do so in the future. The Investment Adviser expects that the combination of global demand growth and depleting reserves, together with current geopolitical instability, will continue to support strong crude oil prices over the long term. However, recently, gas prices have been declining. Declining crude oil prices may cause the Fund to incur losses on its investments in royalty trusts. In addition, the demand in and supply to the developing markets could be affected by other factors such as restrictions on imports, increased taxation, and creation of government monopolies, as well as social, economic and political uncertainty and instability. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that non-conventional sources of natural gas will not be discovered which would adversely affect the oil industry.

Moreover, as the underlying oil and gas reserves are produced the remaining reserves attributable to the royalty trust are depleted. The ability of a royalty trust to replace reserves is therefore fundamental to its ability to maintain distribution levels and unit prices over time. Certain royalty trusts have demonstrated consistent positive reserve growth year-over-year and, as such, certain royalty trusts have been successful to date in this respect and are thus currently trading at unit prices significantly higher than those of five or ten years ago. Royalty trusts manage reserve depletion through reserve additions resulting from internal capital development activities and through acquisitions. When the Fund invests in foreign royalty trusts, it will also be subject to foreign securities risks. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Foreign Investments Risk” and “Principal Risks of the Fund—Royalty Trust Risk.”

Convertible Securities

The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are preferred stock or debt obligations that are convertible into common stock or other securities. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. Convertible securities in which the Fund invests are subject to the same rating criteria as its other investments in fixed income securities. Convertible securities have both equity and fixed income risk characteristics. Like all fixed income securities, the value of convertible securities is susceptible to the risk of market losses attributable to changes in interest rates. Generally, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. However, when the market price of the common stock or other security underlying a convertible security exceeds the conversion price of the convertible security, the convertible security tends to reflect the market price of the underlying common stock or other security. As the market price

 

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of the underlying common stock or other security declines, the convertible security, like a fixed income security, tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not decline in price to the same extent as the underlying common stock or other security.

Structured Securities

The Fund may invest in structured securities. Structured securities are securities whose value is determined by reference to changes in the value of specific currencies, securities, interest rates, commodities, indices or other financial indicators (the “Reference”) or the relative change in two or more References. Investments in structured securities may provide exposure to certain securities or markets in situations where regulatory or other restrictions prevent direct investments in such issuers or markets.

The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased depending upon changes in the applicable Reference. Structured securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the Reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rates or the value of the security at maturity may be a multiple of changes in the value of the Reference, effectively leveraging the Fund’s investment so that small changes in the value of the Reference may result in disproportionate gains or losses to the Fund. Consequently, structured securities may present a greater degree of market risk than many types of securities and may be more volatile, less liquid and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities. Structured securities are also subject to the risk that the issuer of the structured securities may fail to perform its contractual obligations. Certain issuers of structured products may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund’s investments in structured securities may be subject to the limits applicable to investments in other investment companies.

Structured securities include, but are not limited to, equity linked notes. An equity linked note is a note whose performance is tied to a single stock, a stock index or a basket of stocks. Equity linked notes combine the principal protection normally associated with fixed income investments with the potential for capital appreciation normally associated with equity investments. Upon the maturity of the note, the holder generally receives a return of principal based on the capital appreciation of the linked securities. Depending on the terms of the note, equity linked notes may also have a “cap” or “floor” on the maximum principal amount to be repaid to holders, irrespective of the performance of the underlying linked securities. For example, a note may guarantee the repayment of the original principal amount invested (even if the underlying linked securities have negative performance during the note’s term), but may cap the maximum payment at maturity at a certain percentage of the issuance price or the return of the underlying linked securities. Alternatively, the note may not guarantee a full return on the original principal, but may offer a greater participation in any capital appreciation of the underlying linked securities. The terms of an equity linked note may also provide for periodic interest payments to holders at either a fixed or floating rate. The secondary market for equity linked notes may be limited, and the lack of liquidity in the secondary market may make these securities difficult to dispose of and to value. Equity linked notes will be considered equity securities for purposes of the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

Foreign Securities

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities of foreign issuers, including securities quoted or denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars. Investments in foreign securities may offer potential benefits not available from investments solely in U.S. dollar-denominated or quoted securities of domestic issuers. Such benefits may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, to offer the potential for better long term growth of capital and income than investments in U.S. securities, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers also involves, however, certain special risks, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Many of these risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging economies. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Foreign Investments Risk.”

 

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With respect to investments in certain foreign countries, there exist certain economic, political and social risks, including the risk of adverse political developments, nationalization, military unrest, social instability, war and terrorism, confiscation without fair compensation, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the movement of funds and other assets between different countries, or diplomatic developments, any of which could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in those countries. Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and dividend payments.

Many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. Additionally, many foreign country economies are heavily dependent on international trade and are adversely affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. Protectionist trade legislation enacted by those trading partners could have a significant adverse affect on the securities markets of those countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.

Investments in foreign securities often involve currencies of foreign countries. Accordingly, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund may be subject to currency exposure independent of its securities positions. To the extent that the Fund is invested in foreign securities while also maintaining net currency positions, it may be exposed to greater combined risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad.

Because foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets are less than in the United States and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The securities of foreign issuers may be listed on foreign securities exchanges or traded in foreign OTC markets. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed and unlisted companies than in the United States, and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain foreign laws to insider trading and similar investor protections that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States.

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when some of the Fund’s assets are uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, in possible liability to the purchaser.

The Fund may invest in foreign securities which take the form of sponsored and unsponsored ADRs, GDRs, EDRs or other similar instruments representing securities of foreign issuers (together, “Depositary Receipts”). ADRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a

 

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correspondent bank. ADRs are traded on domestic exchanges or in the U.S. OTC market and, generally, are in registered form. EDRs and GDRs are receipts evidencing an arrangement with a non-U.S. bank similar to that for ADRs and are designed for use in the non-U.S. securities markets. EDRs and GDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security. To the extent the Fund acquires Depositary Receipts through banks which do not have a contractual relationship with the foreign issuer of the security underlying the Depositary Receipts to issue and service such unsponsored Depositary Receipts, there is an increased possibility that the Fund will not become aware of and be able to respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving the foreign issuer in a timely manner. In addition, the lack of information may result in inefficiencies in the valuation of such instruments. Investment in Depositary Receipts does not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers. The market value of Depositary Receipts is dependent upon the market value of the underlying securities and fluctuations in the relative value of the currencies in which the Depositary Receipts and the underlying securities are quoted. However, by investing in Depositary Receipts, such as ADRs, which are quoted in U.S. dollars, the Fund may avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchases and sales.

The Fund may invest in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. Political and economic structures in many of such countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of such countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. As a result, the risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened. See “Description of Investment Securities and Practices—Investing in Emerging Countries” in the SAI.

Private Company Investments

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in investments in a limited number of private company investments that the Fund may need to hold for several years. The Fund may invest in equity securities or debt securities, including debt securities issued with warrants to purchase equity securities or that are convertible into equity securities, of private companies. The Fund’s private company investments may include investments in entities formed to own and operate particular energy infrastructure assets.

Pre-IPO Investments

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in shares of companies that it believes are likely to issue securities in IPOs. Although there is a potential the pre-IPO securities that the Fund buys may increase in value if the company does issue securities in an IPO, IPOs are risky and volatile and may cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decrease significantly. Also, because securities of pre-IPO companies are generally not freely or publicly tradeable, the Fund may not have access to purchase securities in these companies in the amounts or at the prices the Fund desires. Securities issued by these privately-held companies have no trading history, and information about such companies may be available for very limited periods. The companies that the Fund anticipates holding successful IPOs may not ever issues shares in an IPO and a liquid market for their securities may never develop, which may negatively affect the price at which the Fund can sell any such securities and make it more difficult to sell such securities, which could also adversely affect the Fund’s liquidity.

Initial Public Offerings

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in shares of IPOs, if consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. IPOs may have a magnified impact on the performance of a fund with a small asset base. The impact of IPOs on a fund’s performance likely will decrease as such fund’s asset size increases, which could reduce such fund’s returns. IPOs may not be consistently available to the Fund for investing. IPO shares frequently are volatile in price due to the absence of a prior public market, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. Therefore, the Fund may hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase turnover and may lead to increased expenses, such as commissions and transaction costs all of which will be borne indirectly by the common shareholder. In addition, IPO shares can

 

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experience an immediate drop in value if the demand for the securities does not continue to support the offering price.

Options on Securities and Securities Indices

A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer (seller) of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying instrument during the option period. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument during the option period. The Fund may write (sell) covered call and put options and purchase put and call options on any securities in which the Fund may invest or on any securities index consisting of securities in which it may invest.

The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves special investment risks. Options may be used for either hedging or cross-hedging purposes, or to seek to increase total return (which presents additional risk). The successful use of options depends in part on the ability of the Investment Adviser to anticipate future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of changes in market prices or determination of the correlation between the instruments or indices on which options are written and purchased and the instruments in the Fund’s investment portfolio, the Fund may incur losses that it would not otherwise incur. The use of options can also increase the Fund’s transaction costs. Options written or purchased by the Fund may be traded on either U.S. or foreign exchanges or OTC. Foreign and OTC options will present greater possibility of loss because of their greater illiquidity and credit risks.

In lieu of entering into “protective put” transactions, the Fund may engage in barrier options transactions as an alternative means to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Fund’s securities. Barrier options are similar to standard options except that they become activated or are extinguished when the underlying asset reaches a predetermined level or barrier. “Down and out” barrier options are canceled or “knocked out” if the underlying asset falls to a pre-determined level. “Down and in” barrier options are activated or “knocked in” if the underlying asset falls to a pre-determined level. “Up and out” barrier options are extinguished or “knocked out” if the underlying asset rises to a predetermined level. “Up and in” barrier options are activated or “knocked in” if the underlying asset rises to a predetermined level. If the Investment Adviser sets too high or too low a barrier, and the option is either extinguished or “knocked out” or the options are never activated or “knocked in,” the benefits to the Fund of using a barrier option strategy may be limited and the costs associated with a barrier option strategy could be detrimental to the Fund’s performance. When writing an option, the Fund must “set aside” liquid assets, or engage in other appropriate measures to “cover” its obligation under the option contract.

Futures Contracts and Options and Swaps on Futures Contracts

Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that provide for the sale or purchase of a specified financial instrument or currency at a future time at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right (and the writer of the option the obligation) to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. A swap on a futures contract provides an investor with the ability to gain economic exposure to a particular futures market; however, unlike a futures contract that is exchange-traded, a swap on a futures contract is an OTC transaction. A futures contract may be based on particular securities, foreign currencies, securities indices and other financial instruments and indices. The Fund may engage in futures transactions on both U.S. and foreign exchanges.

The Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts, purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts and enter into swaps on futures contracts, in order to seek to increase total return or to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates, or to otherwise manage its term structure, sector selections and duration in accordance with its investment objective and policies. The Fund may also enter into closing purchase and sale transactions with respect to such contracts and options. The Investment Adviser has claimed an exclusion with respect to the Fund from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA and, therefore, is not currently subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that CEA with respect to the Fund.

 

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Futures contracts and related options and swaps present the following risks:

 

    While the Fund may benefit from the use of futures and options and swaps on futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in poorer overall performance than if the Fund had not entered into any futures contracts, options transactions or swaps.

 

    Because perfect correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position that is intended to be protected is impossible to achieve, the desired protection may not be obtained and the Fund may be exposed to additional risk of loss.

 

    The loss incurred by the Fund in entering into futures contracts and in writing call options and entering into swaps on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of the premium received.

 

    Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV.

 

    As a result of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund.

 

    Futures contracts and options and swaps on futures may be illiquid, and exchanges may limit fluctuations in futures contract prices during a single day.

 

    Foreign exchanges may not provide the same protection as U.S. exchanges.

Forward Contracts

Forward contracts involve the purchase or sale of a specific quantity of a commodity, government security, foreign currency, or other financial instrument at the current or spot price, with delivery and settlement at a specified future date.

Because it is a completed contract, a purchase forward contract can be a cover for the sale of a futures contract. The Fund may enter into forward contracts for hedging purposes and non-hedging purposes (i.e ., to increase returns). Forward contracts may be used by the Fund for hedging purposes to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates, such as when the Fund anticipates purchasing or selling a foreign security. For example, this technique would allow the Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. Forward contracts may also be used to attempt to protect the value of the Fund’s existing holdings of foreign securities. There may be, however, an imperfect correlation between the Fund’s foreign securities holdings and the forward contracts entered into with respect to those holdings. Forward contracts may also be used for nonhedging purposes to pursue the Fund’s investment objective, such as when the Fund’s Investment Adviser anticipates that particular foreign currencies will appreciate or depreciate in value, even though securities denominated in those currencies are not then held in the Fund’s portfolio. There is no requirement that the Fund hedge all or any portion of its exposure to foreign currency risks.

Forward contracts and options thereon, unlike futures contracts, are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these markets, negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. Forward and “cash” trading is substantially unregulated; there is no limitation on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable. The principals who deal in the forward markets are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies or commodities they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in these markets have refused to quote prices for certain currencies or commodities or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. Disruptions can occur in any market traded by the Investment Adviser due to unusually high trading volume, political intervention or other factors. Arrangements to trade forward contracts may be made with only one or a few counterparties, and liquidity problems therefore might be greater than if such arrangements were made with numerous counterparties. The imposition of controls by governmental authorities might also limit such forward (and futures) trading to less than that which the Investment Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. Market illiquidity or disruption could result in major losses to the Fund. In addition, the Fund will be exposed to credit risks with regard to counterparties with which it trades as well as risks relating to settlement default. Such risks could result in substantial losses to the Fund.

 

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Equity Swaps and Index Swaps

The Fund may invest in equity swaps and index swaps. Equity swaps allow the parties to a swap agreement to exchange the dividend income or other components of return on an equity investment (for example, a group of equity securities or an index) for another payment stream. An equity swap may be used by the Fund to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances in which direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise deemed impractical or disadvantageous. Index swaps allow the Fund to receive one or more payments based off of the return, performance or volatility of an index or of certain securities which comprise the index.

The value of swaps can be very volatile. To the extent that the Investment Adviser does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation of the components swapped with another party, or the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the Fund may suffer a loss, which may be substantial. The value of some components of a swap (such as the dividends on a common stock) may also be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, swaps may be illiquid, and the Fund may be unable to terminate its obligations when desired.

Currently, certain standardized swap transactions are subject to mandatory central clearing. Although central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to bilaterally negotiated swaps, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely.

In the case of swaps that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the swaps while the positions are open. With respect to swaps that are required to cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations ( i.e. the Fund’s daily net liability) under the swaps, if any, rather than their full notional amount. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future in its discretion. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash settled swaps, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the swaps.

Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Options on Swaps and Interest Rate Caps, Floors and Collars

The Fund may enter into swap transactions and option agreements, including interest rate caps, floors and collars. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments. Credit swaps involve the receipt of floating or fixed rate payments in exchange for assuming potential credit losses on an underlying security. Credit swaps give one party to a transaction (the buyer of the credit swap) the right to dispose of or acquire an asset (or group of assets), or the right to receive a payment from the other party, upon the occurrence of specified credit events. Total return swaps give the Fund the right to receive the appreciation in the value of a specified security, index or other instrument in return for a fee paid to the counterparty, which will typically be based on an agreed upon interest rate. If the underlying asset in a total return swap declines in value over the term of the swap, the Fund may also be required to pay the dollar value of that decline to the counterparty. The Fund may also purchase and write (sell) options contracts on swaps, commonly referred to as swaptions. A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an underlying swap or to modify the terms of an existing swap on agreed-upon terms.

The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into or modify an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms, which generally entails a greater risk of loss than the Fund incurs in buying a swaption.

The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payment of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount

 

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from the party selling the interest rate floor. An interest rate collar is the combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates.

The Fund may enter into the transactions described above for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. As an example, when the Fund is the buyer of a credit default swap (commonly known as buying protection), it may make periodic payments to the seller of the credit default swap to obtain protection against a credit default on a specified underlying asset (or group of assets). If a default occurs, the seller of a credit default swap may be required to pay the Fund the “notional value” of the credit default swap on a specified security (or group of securities). On the other hand, when the Fund is a seller of a credit default swap (commonly known as selling protection), in addition to the credit exposure the Fund has on the other assets held in its portfolio, the Fund is also subject to the credit exposure on the notional amount of the swap since, in the event of a credit default, the Fund may be required to pay the “notional value” of the credit default swap on a specified security (or group of securities) to the buyer of the credit default swap.

The use of interest rate, credit and total return swaps, options on swaps, and interest rate caps, floors and collars is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values and interest rates, or in its evaluation of the creditworthiness of swap counterparties (with respect to bilateral swap transactions) and the issuers of the underlying assets, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used.

Currently, certain standardized swap transactions are subject to mandatory central clearing. Although central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to bilaterally negotiated swaps, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely.

The Fund may be required to set aside liquid assets, or engage in other SEC approved measures to “cover” open swap positions. In the case of futures contracts that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the futures contracts while the positions are open. With respect to futures contracts that do cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations ( i.e. , the Fund’s daily net liability) under the futures contracts, if any, rather than their full notional amount. In the case of swaps that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the swaps while the positions are open. With respect to swaps that are required to cash settle, however, the Fund may set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations ( i.e. , the Fund’s daily net liability) under the swaps, if any, rather than their full notional amount. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future in its discretion. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash settled swaps, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the swaps.

When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments

The Fund may purchase when-issued securities and make contracts to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time. When-issued securities are securities that have been authorized, but not yet issued. When-issued securities are purchased in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous price or yield to the Fund at the time of entering into the transaction. A forward commitment involves entering into a contract to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond the customary settlement period.

The purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines before the settlement date. Conversely, the sale of securities on a forward commitment basis involves the risk that the value of the securities sold may increase before the settlement date.

Although the Fund will generally purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis with the intention of acquiring the securities for its portfolio, the Fund may dispose of when-issued securities or

 

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forward commitments prior to settlement if the Investment Adviser deems it appropriate. When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis or entering into a forward commitment, the Fund must identify on its books liquid assets, or engage in other appropriate measures to “cover” its obligations.

Repurchase Agreements

Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with eligible counterparties which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. The collateral may consist of any type of security in which the Fund is eligible to invest directly. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency.

If the other party or “seller” defaults, the Fund might suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral held by the Fund are less than the repurchase price and the Fund’s costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of the seller, the Fund could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Fund’s interest in the collateral is not enforceable.

The Fund, together with other registered investment companies having advisory agreements with the Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price (including interest). Reverse repurchase agreements may be entered into when the Investment Adviser expects that the return to be earned from the investment of the transaction proceeds will be greater than the related interest expense. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. If the securities held by the Fund decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Fund’s outstanding shares will decline in value proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the investment return earned by the Fund (from the investment of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction, that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund will decline below the price the Fund is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities, and that the securities may not be returned to the Fund.

The Fund may “set aside” liquid assets, or engage in other appropriate measures to “cover” its obligations with respect to its transactions in reverse repurchase agreements. As a result of such segregation, the Fund’s obligations under such transactions will not be considered senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act and the Fund’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements will not be limited by the 1940 Act. The Fund’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements may be limited by the availability of cash or liquid securities to earmark or segregate in connection with such transactions.

If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.

With respect to any reverse repurchase agreement or similar transaction, the Fund’s Managed Assets shall include any proceeds from the sale of an asset of the Fund to a counterparty in such a transaction, in addition to the value of the underlying asset as of the relevant measuring date.

 

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REITs

The Fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans. The value of a REIT is affected by changes in the value of the properties owned by the REIT or securing mortgage loans held by the REIT. REITs are dependent upon the ability of the REITs’ managers, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and the qualification of the REITs under applicable regulatory requirements for favorable income tax treatment. REITs are also subject to risks generally associated with investments in real estate including possible declines in the value of real estate, general and local economic conditions, environmental problems and changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying a REIT are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, these risks may be heightened. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses, including management fees, paid by a REIT in which it invests.

Short Sales

The Fund may engage in short sales. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividend which accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. There will also be other costs associated with short sales.

The Fund may use short sales, consistent with its investment objective, to gain exposure to the MLP market in various circumstances, including among others when the Investment Adviser determines that a specific MLP investment may be facing deteriorating fundamentals that could result in lower growth or the potential for lower distributions.

The Fund will incur a loss, which may be unlimited, as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those dates. This result is the opposite of what one would expect from a cash purchase of a long position in a security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium or amounts in lieu of interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale, and will be also decreased by any transaction or other costs.

Until the Fund replaces a borrowed security in connection with a short sale, the Fund will (a) segregate cash or liquid assets at such a level that the segregated assets plus any amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover its short position in accordance with applicable law.

There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to close out a short position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. During the time that the Fund is short a security, it is subject to the risk that the lender of the security will terminate the loan at a time when the Fund is unable to borrow the same security from another lender. If that occurs, the Fund may be “bought in” at the price required to purchase the security needed to close out the short position, which may be a disadvantageous price.

Short Sales Against the Box

The Fund may engage in short sales against the box. As noted above, a short sale is made by selling a security the seller does not own. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the seller contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund may enter into a short sale against the box, for example, to lock in a sales price for a security the Fund does not wish to sell immediately. If the Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect itself from loss if the price of the

 

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securities declines in the future, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If the Fund effects a short sale of securities at a time when it has an unrealized gain on the securities, it may be required to recognize that gain as if it had actually sold the securities (as a “constructive sale”) on the date it effects the short sale. However, such constructive sale treatment may not apply if the Fund closes out the short sale with securities other than the appreciated securities held at the time of the short sale and if certain other conditions are satisfied. Uncertainty regarding the tax consequences of effecting short sales may limit the extent to which the Fund may effect short sales.

Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Rights

The Fund may invest in preferred stock, warrants and stock purchase rights (or “rights”). Preferred stocks are securities that represent an ownership interest providing the holder with claims on the issuer’s earnings and assets before common stock owners but after bond owners. Unlike debt securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividend and other payment obligations, may not typically be accelerated by the holders of such preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default or other non-compliance by the issuer of the preferred stock.

Other Investment Companies

The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. These limitations include in certain circumstances a prohibition on the Fund acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in securities of all investment companies. Many ETFs, however, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds to invest in the ETFs’ shares beyond these statutory limitations, subject to certain conditions and pursuant to a contractual arrangement between the ETFs and the investing funds. The Fund may rely on these exemptive orders to invest in unaffiliated ETFs.

The use of ETFs is intended to help the Fund match the total return of the particular market segments or indices represented by those ETFs, although that may not be the result. Most ETFs are passively-managed investment companies whose shares are purchased and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF represents a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. An investment in an ETF generally presents the same primary risks as an investment in a conventional fund ( i.e. , one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objectives, strategies and policies. In addition, an ETF may fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies its investment objective. The price of an ETF can fluctuate, and the Fund could lose money investing in an ETF. Moreover, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional open- end funds: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or a discount to their NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged.

Under an exemptive rule adopted by the SEC, the Fund may invest in certain other investment companies and money market funds beyond the statutory limits described above.

The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by such other investment companies, in addition to the fees and expenses regularly borne by the Fund.

ETNs

ETNs are a type of senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by financial institutions that combines both aspects of bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns are based on the performance of a market index minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN’s maturity, at which time the issuer is obligated to pay a return linked to the performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected. ETNs are subject to

 

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credit risk and the value of an ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

Unseasoned Companies

The Fund may invest in companies which (together with their predecessors) have operated less than three years. The securities of such companies may have limited liquidity, which can result in their being priced higher or lower than might otherwise be the case. In addition, investments in unseasoned companies are more speculative and entail greater risk than investments in companies with an established operating record.

Corporate Debt Obligations

Corporate debt obligations include bonds, notes, debentures, commercial paper and other obligations of corporations to pay interest and repay principal. The Fund may invest in corporate debt obligations issued by U.S. and certain non-U.S. issuers, which issue securities denominated in the U.S. dollar (including Yankee and Euro obligations as well as other non-U.S. dollar currencies). In addition to obligations of corporations, corporate debt obligations include securities issued by banks and other financial institutions and supranational entities ( i.e. , the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, etc.).

Bank Obligations

The Fund may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks. Bank obligations, including without limitation, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances and certificates of deposit, may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulations. Banks are subject to extensive but different governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made and interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operation of this industry.

U.S. Government Securities

The Fund may invest in U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government Securities include U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. U.S. Government Securities may be supported by (i) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; (ii) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (iii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the issuer; or (iv) only the credit of the issuer. U.S. Government Securities also include Treasury receipts, zero coupon bonds and other stripped U.S. Government Securities, where the interest and principal components are traded independently. U.S. Government Securities may also include Treasury inflation-protected securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation.

U.S. Government Securities are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities; and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed. Certain of these participations may be regarded as illiquid.

 

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U.S. Government Securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will be able or willing to repay the principal or interest when due, or will provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law.

Custodial Receipts and Trust Certificates

The Fund may invest in custodial receipts and trust certificates representing interests in securities held by a custodian or trustee. The securities so held may include U.S. Government Securities or other types of securities in which the Fund may invest. The custodial receipts or trust certificates may evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on the underlying securities, or, in some cases, the payment obligation of a third party that has entered into an interest rate swap or other arrangement with the custodian or trustee. For certain securities laws purposes, custodial receipts and trust certificates may not be considered obligations of the U.S. government or other issuer of the securities held by the custodian or trustee. If for tax purposes the Fund is not considered to be the owner of the underlying securities held in the custodial or trust account, the Fund may suffer adverse tax consequences. As a holder of custodial receipts and trust certificates, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses charged to the custodial account or trust. The Fund may also invest in separately issued interests in custodial receipts and trust certificates.

Non-Investment Grade Securities

Non-investment grade securities and unrated securities of comparable credit quality (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) are considered speculative. In some cases, these obligations may be highly speculative and have poor prospects for reaching investment grade standing. Non-investment grade securities are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest obligations. These securities, also referred to as high yield securities, may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate or municipal developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of the junk bond markets generally and less secondary market liquidity.

Non-investment grade securities are often issued in connection with a corporate reorganization or restructuring or as part of a merger, acquisition, takeover or similar event. They are also issued by less established companies seeking to expand. Such issuers are often highly leveraged and generally less able than more established or less leveraged entities to make scheduled payments of principal and interest in the event of adverse developments or business conditions. Non-investment grade securities are also issued by governmental bodies that may have difficulty in making all scheduled interest and principal payments.

The market value of non-investment grade securities tends to reflect individual corporate or municipal developments to a greater extent than that of higher rated securities which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. As a result, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may depend to a greater extent on the Investment Adviser’s judgment concerning the creditworthiness of issuers than funds which invest in higher-rated securities. Issuers of non-investment grade securities may not be able to make use of more traditional methods of financing and their ability to service debt obligations may be affected more adversely than issuers of higher-rated securities by economic downturns, specific corporate or financial developments or the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts. Negative publicity about the junk bond market and investor perceptions regarding lower rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may depress the prices for such securities.

A holder’s risk of loss from default is significantly greater for non-investment grade securities than is the case for holders of other debt securities because such non-investment grade securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities. Investment by the Fund in defaulted securities poses additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue in respect of such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, recovery by the Fund of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation is uncertain.

 

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The secondary market for non-investment grade securities is concentrated in relatively few market makers and is dominated by institutional investors, including mutual funds, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities is not as liquid as, and is more volatile than, the secondary market for higher-rated securities. In addition, market trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower and the secondary market for such securities could shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse market or economic conditions, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. The lack of sufficient market liquidity may cause the Fund to incur losses because it will be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and then only at a substantial drop in price. These factors may have an adverse effect on the market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular portfolio investments. A less liquid secondary market also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain precise valuations of the high yield securities in its portfolio.

Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market value risk of non-investment grade securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the conditions of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality.

Restricted Securities

The Fund may purchase securities and other financial instruments that are not registered or that are offered in an exempt non-public offering (“Restricted Securities”) under the 1933 Act, including securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act.

The purchase price and subsequent valuation of Restricted Securities may reflect a discount from the price at which such securities trade when they are not restricted, because the restriction makes them less liquid. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price is expected to vary depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the Restricted Securities and prevailing supply and demand conditions.

 

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PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency. The following summarizes the principal risks that apply to the Fund and may result in a loss of your investment. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

No Operating History

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. Investors will not have the opportunity to evaluate historical data or assess any of the Fund’s potential investments prior to purchasing Common Shares. It is designed for long-term investing and not as a vehicle for trading. This risk may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the public offering.

Investment Risk

The value of the instruments in which the Fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual companies, particular sectors or governments and/or general economic conditions throughout the world due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods. The Fund’s investments may be overweighted from time to time in one or more sectors or countries, which will increase the Fund’s exposure to risk of loss from adverse developments affecting those sectors or countries. The Fund intends to use leverage, which will magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks.

Market Risk

An investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund, a significant portion of which are traded on a national securities exchange or in the OTC markets. The value of these securities, like other investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than what you invested, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. The Fund may utilize leverage, which magnifies the market risk. See “Leverage.”

Market Discount Risk

Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s NAV per Common Share could decrease as a result of its investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their Common Shares in a relatively short period of time following completion of this offering. The NAV per Common Share will be reduced immediately following this offering as a result of the payment of certain offering costs. Although the value of the Fund’s net assets is generally considered by market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell Common Shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the Common Shares will depend entirely upon whether the market price of the Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for the Common Shares. Because the market price of the Common Shares will be determined by factors such as (i) NAV, (ii) dividend and distribution levels and their stability (which will in turn be affected by levels of distributions, dividend and interest payments by the Fund’s portfolio holdings, the timing and success of the Fund’s investment strategies, regulations affecting the timing and character of Fund distributions, Fund expenses and other factors), (iii) supply of and demand for the Common Shares, (iv) trading volume of the Common Shares, (v) general market, interest rate and economic conditions and (vi) other factors that may be beyond the control of the Fund. The Fund cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, below or above NAV or at, below or above the initial public offering price.

 

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Master Limited Partnership Risk

Investments in securities of MLPs involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting MLPs, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between an MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price. Many of the Fund’s investments in MLPs will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations. Accordingly, those MLPs may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Investment in those MLPs may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of other investment opportunities. If the Fund is one of the largest investors in certain MLPs, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such investments without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Larger purchases or sales of MLP investments by the Fund in a short period of time may cause abnormal movements in the market price of these investments. As a result, these investments may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns, which may adversely impact the overall performance of the Fund.

The Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective will depend largely on the amount of the distributions it receives from the MLPs (in relation to the taxable income, gains, losses, and deductions allocated to it). The amount and tax characterization of cash available for distribution by an MLP depends upon the amount of cash generated by such entity’s operations. Cash available for distribution by MLPs will vary widely from quarter to quarter and is affected by various factors affecting the entity’s operations. In addition to the risks described herein, operating costs, capital expenditures, acquisition costs, construction costs, exploration costs and borrowing costs may reduce the amount of cash that an MLP has available for distribution in a given period. MLPs have the ability to modify their distribution policies from time to time without input from or approval of the Fund.

Conflicts of interest may arise from incentive distribution payments paid to the general partner, or referral of business opportunities by the general partner or one of its affiliates to an entity other than the MLP. Holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive incentive distribution rights, which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Due to the incentive distribution rights, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of incentive distribution rights to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

MLPs are subject to various risks related to the underlying operating companies they control, including dependence upon specialized management skills and the risk that those operating companies may lack or have limited operating histories. The success of the Fund’s investments in an MLP will vary depending on the underlying industry represented by the MLP’s portfolio. Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If the parent or sponsor entities fail to make payments or satisfy their obligations to an MLP, the revenues and cash flows of that MLP and ability of that MLP to make distributions to unit holders such as the Fund would be adversely affected.

Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon a limited number of customers for substantially all of their revenue. Similarly, certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon a limited number of suppliers of goods or services to continue their operations. The loss of those customers or suppliers could have a

 

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material adverse effect on an MLP’s results of operations and cash flow, and on its ability to make distributions to unit holders such as the Fund.

The Fund is not responsible for operating MLPs and similar entities and cannot control or monitor their compliance with applicable tax, securities and other laws and regulations necessary for the profitability of such investments. Holders of MLP units could potentially become subject to liability for all of the obligations of an MLP, if a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state. Furthermore, the structures and terms of the MLPs and other entities described in this Prospectus may not be indicative of the structure and terms of every entity in which the Fund invests. Although the MLP sector has grown significantly in recent years, such market trends may not continue due to economic conditions, which are not predictable, or other factors.

Market prices generally will be unavailable for some of the Fund’s investments, including MLP subordinated units, direct ownership of general partner or managing member interests and restricted or unregistered securities of certain MLPs and private companies. The value of such securities will be determined by fair valuations determined by the Board of Trustees or its designee in accordance with procedures governing the valuation of portfolio securities adopted by the Board of Trustees. Proper valuation of such securities may require more reliance on the judgment of GSAM than for valuation of securities for which an active trading market exists.

Equity Securities Risk

A substantial percentage of the Fund’s assets are invested in equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP preferred units, equity securities of MLP affiliates, including I-Units, and common stocks of other issuers. Equity risk is the risk that MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund will fall due to general market or economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, changes in interest rates, and the particular circumstances and performance of particular companies whose securities the Fund holds. The price of an equity security of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market, or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated distributions or dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer experiences a decline in its financial condition. Prices and volatilities of I-Units tend to correlate to the price of MLP common units. Holders of I-Units are subject to the same risks as holders of MLP common units.

Energy Sector Risk

Many MLPs and other entities in which the Fund may invest operate oil, gas or petroleum facilities, or other facilities within the energy sector. As a result, the Fund will be concentrated in the energy sector, and will therefore be susceptible to adverse economic, environmental or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. A downturn in the energy sector could have a larger impact on the Fund than on funds that are broadly diversified across many sectors and industries. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the energy sector may lag behind the performance of other sectors or industries or the broader market as a whole. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to specific risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

Commodity Pricing Risk.     MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be affected by fluctuations in the prices of energy commodities, including, for example, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and coal in the short-term and long-term. Fluctuations in energy commodity prices would impact directly companies that own such energy commodities and could impact indirectly companies that engage in transportation, storage, processing, distribution or marketing of such energy commodities. Fluctuations in energy commodity prices can result from changes in general economic conditions or political circumstances (especially of key energy producing and consuming countries); market conditions; weather patterns; domestic production

 

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levels; volume of imports; energy conservation; domestic and foreign governmental regulation; international politics; policies of OPEC; taxation; tariffs; and the availability and costs of local, intrastate and interstate transportation methods. The energy sector as a whole may also be impacted by the perception that the performance of energy sector companies is directly linked to commodity prices. High commodity prices may drive further energy conservation efforts, and a slowing economy may adversely impact energy consumption, which may adversely affect the performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector.

Supply and Demand Risk.      MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be impacted by the levels of supply and demand for energy commodities. The volume of production of energy commodities and the volume of energy commodities available for transportation, storage, processing or distribution could be affected by a variety of factors, including depletion of resources; depressed commodity prices; catastrophic events; labor relations; increased environmental or other governmental regulation; equipment malfunctions and maintenance difficulties; import volumes; international politics, policies of OPEC; and increased competition from alternative energy sources. Alternatively, a decline in demand for energy commodities could result from factors such as adverse economic conditions (especially in key energy-consuming countries); increased taxation; increased environmental or other governmental regulation; increased fuel economy; increased energy conservation or use of alternative energy sources; legislation intended to promote the use of alternative energy sources; or increased commodity prices.

Depletion Risk.     Energy reserves naturally deplete as they are consumed over time. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector rely on the expansion of reserves through exploration of new sources of supply or the development of existing sources in order to grow or maintain their revenues. The financial performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may be adversely affected if they, or the companies to which they provide services, are unable to cost-effectively acquire additional energy deposits sufficient to replace the natural decline of existing reserves. If an energy company is not able to raise capital on favorable terms, it may not be able to add to or maintain its reserves.

Environmental and Regulatory Risk.     The energy sector is highly regulated. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change over time in both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both.

There is an inherent risk that MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle. For example, an accidental release from wells or energy assets could subject an MLP to substantial liabilities for environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations.

Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems, pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. These include, for example: the Federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions; the Federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of pollutants into regulated bodies of water; the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and comparable state laws and regulations that impose requirements for the handling and disposal of waste from facilities; and the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, also known as “Superfund,” and comparable state laws and regulations that regulate the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have been released at properties currently or previously owned or operated by MLPs or at locations to which they have sent waste for disposal.

Pipeline MLPs and other pipeline companies are subject to regulation by FERC with respect to tariff rates these companies may charge for interstate pipeline transportation services. An adverse determination by FERC

 

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with respect to the tariff rates of a pipeline MLP could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects of that pipeline MLP and its ability to make cash distributions to its equity owners. Moreover, the possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future that would significantly increase compliance costs and remediation costs, thus adversely affecting the financial performance of MLPs. MLPs may not be able to recover remediation costs from insurance.

Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” is a relatively new technique for releasing and extracting oil and natural gas trapped in underground shale formations. The fracking sector is facing allegations from environmentalists and some landowners that the technique may cause serious difficulties, which has led to uncertainty about the nature, extent, and cost of the environmental regulation to which it may ultimately be subject.

Voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls have been adopted or are being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to reduce emissions of “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These measures and future measures could result in increased costs to certain MLPs and other companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and maintain facilities and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program and may reduce demand for fuels that generate green house gases and that are managed or produced by MLPs and other companies in which the Fund may invest.

In the wake of a Supreme Court decision holding that the EPA has legal authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation jointly wrote regulations to cut gasoline use and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. The EPA has also taken action to require certain entities to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions, and certain facilities may be required to control emissions of greenhouse gases pursuant to EPA air permitting and other regulatory programs. These measures, and other programs addressing greenhouse gas emissions, could reduce demand for energy and/or raise prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain of the Fund’s investments.

Weather Risk.     Weather plays a role in the seasonality of some MLPs’ cash flows. MLPs and other companies in the propane sector, for example, rely on the winter season to generate almost all of their earnings. In an unusually warm winter season, propane MLPs experience decreased demand for their product. Although most MLPs can reasonably predict seasonal weather demand based on normal weather patterns, extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, can adversely affect performance and cash flows of MLPs.

Cyclical Industry Risk.     The energy industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. An MLP’s ability to successfully and timely complete capital improvements to existing or other capital projects is contingent upon many variables. Should any such efforts be unsuccessful, an MLP could be subject to additional costs and/or the write-off of its investment in the project or improvement. The marketability of oil and gas production depends in large part on the availability, proximity and capacity of pipeline systems owned by third parties. Oil and gas properties are subject to royalty interests, liens and other burdens, encumbrances, easements or restrictions, all of which could impact the production of a particular MLP. Oil and gas MLPs operate in a highly competitive and cyclical industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.

Catastrophic Event Risk.     MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are subject to many dangers inherent in the production, exploration, management, transportation, processing and distribution of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum and petroleum products and other hydrocarbons. These dangers include leaks, fires, explosions, damage to facilities and equipment resulting from natural disasters, inadvertent damage to facilities and equipment and terrorist acts. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government has issued warnings that energy assets, specifically U.S. pipeline infrastructure, may be targeted in future terrorist attacks. These dangers give rise to risks of substantial losses as a result of loss

 

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or destruction of commodity reserves; damage to or destruction of property, facilities and equipment; pollution and environmental damage; and personal injury or loss of life. Any occurrence of such catastrophic events could bring about a limitation, suspension or discontinuation of the operations of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector. MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector may not be fully insured against all risks inherent in their business operations and therefore accidents and catastrophic events could adversely affect such companies’ financial conditions and ability to pay distributions to shareholders.

Acquisition Risk.     MLPs owned by the Fund may depend on their ability to make acquisitions that increase adjusted operating surplus per unit in order to increase distributions to unit holders. The ability of such MLPs to make future acquisitions is dependent on their ability to identify suitable targets, negotiate favorable purchase contracts, obtain acceptable financing and outbid competing potential acquirers. To the extent that MLPs are unable to make future acquisitions, or such future acquisitions fail to increase the adjusted operating surplus per unit, their growth and ability to make distributions will be limited. There are risks inherent in any acquisition, including erroneous assumptions regarding revenues, acquisition expenses, operating expenses, cost savings and synergies; assumption of unknown liabilities; indemnification; customer losses; key employee defections; distraction from other business operations; and unanticipated difficulties in operating or integrating new product areas and geographic regions. Furthermore, even if an MLP does consummate an acquisition that it believes will be accretive, the acquisition may instead result in a decrease in free cash flow.

Industry Specific Risks

MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector are also subject to risks that are specific to the industry in which they operate.

Pipeline.     Pipeline companies are subject to many risks, including varying demand for crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids or refined products in the markets served by the pipeline; changes in the availability of products for gathering, transportation, processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and production in the supply areas serviced by the companies’ facilities; sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital spending for exploration activities; and environmental regulation. Specifically, demand for gasoline, which accounts for a substantial portion of refined product transportation, depends on price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served, and demographic and seasonal factors.

Gathering and processing.     Gathering and processing companies are subject to natural declines in the production of oil and natural gas fields, which utilize their gathering and processing facilities as a way to market their production, prolonged declines in the price of natural gas or crude oil, which curtails drilling activity and therefore production, and declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products, which cause lower processing margins. In addition, some gathering and processing contracts subject the gathering or processing company to direct commodities price risk.

Midstream.     Midstream MLPs and other companies that provide crude oil, refined product and natural gas services are subject to supply and demand fluctuations in the markets they serve which may be impacted by a wide range of factors including fluctuating commodity prices, weather, increased conservation or use of alternative fuel sources, increased governmental or environmental regulation, depletion, rising interest rates, declines in domestic or foreign production, accidents or catastrophic events, and economic conditions, among others.

Upstream.     Exploration, development and production companies are particularly vulnerable to declines in the demand for and prices of crude oil and natural gas. Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas can cause a given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued production earlier than it would if prices were higher, resulting in the plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of production from, that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity prices not only reduce revenues but also can result in substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future commodity prices and future exploration and development costs and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments. Different reserve engineers may make

 

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different estimates of reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data. Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any significant variance from the assumptions used could result in the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In addition, results of drilling, testing and production and changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse effect on a given exploration and production company’s financial position and results of operations. In addition, due to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and production companies must economically find or acquire and develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their revenues and distributions.

Downstream.     Downstream companies are businesses engaged in refining, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources, such as: customer-ready natural gas, propane and gasoline; the production and manufacturing of petrochemicals including olefins, polyolefins, ethylene and similar co-products as well as intermediates and derivatives; and the generation, transmission and distribution of power and electricity. In addition to the other risks described herein, downstream companies may be more susceptible to risks associated with reduced customer demand for the products and services they provide.

Oil.     In addition to the risks applicable to pipeline companies described above, gathering and processing companies and exploration and production companies, companies involved in the transportation, gathering, processing, exploration, development or production of crude oil or refined petroleum products may be adversely affected by increased regulations, increased operating costs and reductions in the supply of and/or demand for crude oil and refined petroleum products. Increased regulation may result in a decline in production and/or increased cost associated with offshore oil exploration in the United States and around the world, which may adversely affect certain MLPs and the oil industry in general.

Oilfield Services.     The oilfield services business involves a variety of operating risks, including the risk of fire, explosions, blow-outs, pipe failure, abnormally pressured formations and environmental hazards such as oil spills, natural gas leaks, ruptures or discharges of toxic gases. If any of these should occur, such companies could incur legal defense costs and could suffer substantial losses due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigation and penalties, and suspension of operations. Any horizontal and deep drilling activities involve greater risk of mechanical problems than vertical and shallow drilling operations. Adverse developments affecting the oil and natural gas industry or drilling activity, including sustained low natural gas prices, a decline in oil or natural gas liquids prices, reduced demand for oil and natural gas products and increased regulation of drilling and production, could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fracturing Services.     Changes in laws or government regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing could increase a company’s costs of doing business, limit the areas in which it can operate and reduce oil and natural gas production by the company. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand or an alternative proppant and chemicals under pressure into target geological formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. Recently, there has been increased public concern regarding an alleged potential for hydraulic fracturing to adversely affect drinking water supplies, and proposals have been made to enact separate federal, state and local legislation that would increase the regulatory burden imposed on hydraulic fracturing. Congress has in recent legislative sessions considered legislation to amend the Safe Water Drinking Act (the “SDWA”), including legislation that would repeal the exemption for hydraulic fracturing from the definition of “underground injection” and require federal permitting and regulatory control of hydraulic fracturing, as well as legislative proposals to require disclosure of the chemical constituents of the fluids used in the fracturing process, were proposed in recent sessions of Congress. The U.S. Congress may consider similar SDWA legislation in the future. In addition, the EPA has asserted federal regulatory authority pursuant to the SDWA over certain hydraulic fracturing activities involving the use of diesel fuels and published permitting guidance on

 

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February 11, 2014 addressing the performance of such activities using diesel fuels in those states where EPA is the permitting authority.

Presently, hydraulic fracturing is regulated primarily at the state level, typically by state oil and natural gas commissions and similar agencies. Several states, such as Texas and Pennsylvania, have either adopted or proposed laws and/or regulations to require oil and natural gas operators to disclose chemical ingredients and water volumes used to hydraulically fracture wells, in addition to more stringent well construction and monitoring requirements. The availability of information regarding the constituents of hydraulic fracturing fluids could make it easier for third parties opposing the hydraulic fracturing process to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect groundwater. Disclosure of proprietary chemical formulas to third parties or to the public, even if inadvertent, could diminish the value of those formulas and could result in competitive harm to companies. Various federal, state and local limitations may prohibit or restrict drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations in certain locales including geographic locales considered environmentally sensitive such as wetlands, endangered species habitats, floodplains, and the like. If hydraulic fracturing becomes regulated at the federal level as a result of federal legislation or regulatory initiatives by the EPA, fracturing activities could become subject to additional permitting requirements, and also to attendant permitting delays and potential increases in cost, which could adversely affect a company’s business.

Oil Rig Services.     The April 20, 2010 blowout and oil spill at the BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig has prompted the federal government to impose heightened regulation of oil and gas exploration and production on the outer continental shelf (“OCS”) to improve offshore safety systems and environmental protection regulations have been issued which have increased the complexity of the drilling permit process and may limit the opportunity for some operators to continue deepwater drilling in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, which could adversely affect a company’s financial operations. For example, the U.S. government has indicated that before any recipient of a deepwater drilling permit may resume drilling, (i) the operator must demonstrate that containment resources are available promptly in the event of a deepwater blowout, (ii) the chief executive officer of the operator seeking to perform deepwater drilling must certify that the operator has complied with all applicable regulations and (iii) the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (“BOEM”) and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (“BSEE”) will conduct inspections of such deepwater drilling operation for compliance with the applicable regulations. Oil rig companies cannot predict when the applicable government agency will determine that any deepwater driller is in compliance with the new regulations.

Propane.     Propane companies are subject to earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition, propane companies are facing increased competition due to the growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative energy sources for residential heating.

Coal.     Coal companies are subject to declines in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand variability can be based on weather conditions, the strength of the domestic economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their customer base, and the prices of competing sources of fuel for electric generation. They are also subject to supply variability based on geological conditions that reduce the productivity of mining operations, the availability of regulatory permits for mining activities and the availability of coal that meets the standards of the Clean Air Act.

Power Infrastructure.     Power infrastructure companies are subject to many risks, including earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the locations where the company operates, the change in the demand for electricity, the cost to produce power, and the regulatory environment. Further, share prices are partly based on the interest rate environment, the sustainability and potential growth of the dividend, and the outcome of various rate cases undertaken by the company or a regulatory body.

Marine Transportation.     Marine transportation (or “tanker”) companies are exposed to the highly cyclical nature of the tanker industry and may be subject to volatile changes in charter rates and vessel values, which may adversely affect the earnings of tanker companies. Fluctuations in charter rates and vessel values result from changes in the supply and demand for tanker capacity and changes in the supply and demand for oil and oil products. Changes in demand for transportation of oil over longer distances and the supply of tankers to carry

 

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that oil may materially affect the revenues, profitability and cash flows of tanker companies. The successful operation of vessels in the charter market depends upon, among other things, obtaining profitable spot charters and minimizing time spent waiting for charters and traveling unladen to pick up cargo. The value of tanker vessels may fluctuate and could adversely affect the value of tanker company securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Declining tanker values could affect the ability of tanker companies to raise cash by limiting their ability to refinance their vessels, thereby adversely impacting tanker company liquidity. Tanker company vessels are at risk of damage or loss because of events such as mechanical failure, collision, human error, war, terrorism, piracy, cargo loss and bad weather. In addition, changing economic, regulatory and political conditions in some countries, including political and military conflicts, have from time to time resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways, piracy, terrorism, labor strikes, boycotts and government requisitioning of vessels. These sorts of events could interfere with shipping lanes and result in market disruptions and a significant loss of tanker company earnings.

PIPEs Risk

The Fund may make private investments in public equities (“PIPE”). PIPE transactions typically involve the purchase of securities directly from a publicly traded company or its affiliates in a private placement transaction, typically at a discount to the market price of the company’s common stock. In a PIPE transaction, the Fund may bear the price risk from the time of pricing until the time of closing. Equity issued in this manner is often subject to transfer restrictions and is therefore less liquid than equity issued through a registered public offering. The Fund may be subject to lock-up agreements that prohibit transfers for a fixed period of time. In addition, because the sale of the securities in a PIPE transaction is not registered under the Securities Act, the securities are “restricted” and cannot be immediately resold into the public markets. The Fund may enter into a registration rights agreement with the issuer pursuant to which the issuer commits to file a resale registration statement allowing the Fund to publicly resell its securities. However, the ability of the Fund to freely transfer the shares is conditioned upon, among other things, the SEC’s preparedness to declare the resale registration statement effective and the issuer’s right to suspend the Fund’s use of the resale registration statement if the issuer is pursuing a transaction or some other material non-public event is occurring. Accordingly, PIPE securities may be subject to risks associated with illiquid securities.

Small Capitalization MLP Risk

The Fund may invest in securities of MLPs and other issuers that have comparatively smaller capitalizations relative to issuers whose securities are included in major benchmark indexes, which presents unique investment risks. These companies often have limited product lines, markets, distribution channels or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent upon one or a few key people. The market movements of equity securities issued by MLPs with smaller capitalizations may be more abrupt or erratic than the market movements of equity securities of larger, more established companies or the stock market in general. Historically, smaller capitalization companies have sometimes gone through extended periods when they did not perform as well as larger companies. In addition, equity securities of smaller capitalization companies generally are less liquid than those of larger companies. This means that the Fund could have greater difficulty selling such securities at the time and price that the Fund would like.

Derivatives Risk

The Fund may invest in derivative instruments including without limitation, options, futures, options on futures, forwards, swaps, options on swaps, structured securities and other derivatives. Investments in derivative instruments may be for both hedging and nonhedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return), although suitable derivative instruments may not always be available to the Investment Adviser for these purposes. Derivative instruments can be illiquid, may disproportionately increase losses, and may have a potentially large impact on Fund performance. Losses from investments in derivative instruments can result from a lack of correlation between changes in the value of derivative instruments and the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged,

 

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the potential illiquidity of the markets for derivative instruments, the failure of the counterparty to perform its contractual obligations, or the risks arising from margin requirements and related leverage factors associated with such transactions. Losses may also arise if the Fund receives cash collateral under the transactions and some or all of that collateral is invested in the market. To the extent that cash collateral is so invested, such collateral will be subject to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Fund may be responsible for any loss that might result from its investment of the counterparty’s cash collateral. The use of these management techniques also involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuations in securities prices, interest rates or currency prices. Investments in derivative instruments may be harder to value, subject to greater volatility and more likely subject to changes in tax treatment than other investments. For these reasons, the Investment Adviser’s attempts to hedge portfolio risks through the use of derivative instruments may not be successful, and the Investment Adviser may choose not to hedge certain portfolio risks. Investing for nonhedging purposes is considered a speculative practice and presents even greater risk of loss.

Leverage Risk

The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased Common Share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of Common Shares. There is no assurance that the Fund’s intended leveraging strategy will be successful. Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the Common Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; the risk that fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings and short-term debt or in the interest or dividend rates on any leverage that the Fund must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders; the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Common Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the Common Shares; when the Fund uses financial leverage, the investment advisory fees payable to the Investment Adviser will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage; and leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.

Certain types of leverage used by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements, or being subject to segregation requirements under the 1940 Act. These coverage, composition and segregation requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and coverage requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions. The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for fixed income securities or Preferred Shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Adviser does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

The Fund may also engage in reverse repurchase agreements and short sales, which would create similar risks as leveraging the Fund’s investment portfolio.

Counterparty Risk

Many of the protections afforded to participants on some organized exchanges, such as the performance guarantee of an exchange clearing house, might not be available in connection with OTC transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which the Fund enters into OTC transactions, the Fund will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transactions and that the Fund will sustain losses.

Risks Related to the Fund’s Clearing Broker and Central Clearing Counterparty

The CEA requires swaps and futures clearing brokers registered as “futures commission merchants” to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of U.S. domestic futures contracts and cleared swaps from the brokers’ proprietary assets. Similarly, the CEA requires each futures

 

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commission merchant to hold in separate secure accounts all funds received from customers with respect to any orders for the purchase or sale of foreign futures contracts and cleared swaps and segregate any such funds. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account and may be invested in certain instruments permitted under applicable regulations. There is a risk that assets deposited by the Fund with any swaps or futures clearing broker as margin for futures contracts or cleared swaps may, in certain circumstances and to varying degrees for swaps and futures and options contracts, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing broker. In addition, for both cleared swaps and futures and options contracts, the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the Fund’s clearing broker’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers for the relevant account class.

Similarly, the CEA requires a clearing organization approved by the CFTC as a derivatives clearing organization to segregate all funds and other property received from a clearing member’s clients in connection with domestic cleared derivative contracts from any funds held at the clearing organization to support the clearing member’s proprietary trading. Nevertheless, all customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any futures contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. All customer funds held at a clearing organization with respect to cleared swaps of customers of a clearing broker are also held in an omnibus account, but CFTC rules require that the clearing broker notify the clearing organization of the amount of the initial margin provided by the clearing broker to the clearing organization that is attributable to each customer.

With respect to futures and options contracts, a clearing organization may use assets of a non-defaulting customer held in an omnibus account of a clearing member at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations to the clearing organization of a defaulting customer of the clearing member that also defaults on its payment obligations to the clearing organization. With respect to cleared swaps, a clearing organization generally cannot do so, but may do so if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting to the clearing organization as to the attribution of margin among its clients. Also, since clearing brokers generally provide to clearing organizations the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing organization will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default. As a result, in the event of a default of the clearing broker’s other clients or the clearing broker’s failure to extend its own funds in connection with any such default, the Fund may not be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited by the clearing broker on behalf of the Fund with the clearing organization.

Convertible Securities Risk

The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stock or other security. A unique feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying security declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying security. When the market price of the underlying security increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying security.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk

The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in illiquid securities which cannot be disposed of in seven days in the ordinary course of business at fair value. The Fund may purchase Rule 144A securities for which there is a secondary market of qualified institutional buyers, as defined in Rule 144A promulgated under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to “qualified institutional buyers”. Investing in 144A Securities may decrease the

 

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liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become for a time uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities. The purchase price and subsequent valuation of restricted and illiquid securities normally reflect a discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a liquid market exists.

Investments purchased by the Fund, particularly debt securities and over-the-counter traded instruments that are liquid at the time of purchase, may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, markets events, economic conditions or investor perceptions. Domestic and foreign markets are becoming more and more complex and interrelated, so that events in one sector of the market or the economy, or in one geographical region, can reverberate and have negative consequences for other market, economic or regional sectors in a manner that may not be reasonably foreseen. With respect to over-the-counter traded securities, the continued viability of any over-the-counter secondary market depends on the continued willingness of dealers and other participants to purchase the instruments.

In cases where no clear indication of the value of the Fund’s portfolio instruments is available, the portfolio instruments will be valued at their fair value according to the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. These cases include, among others, situations where a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source.

Tax Risk

Tax risks associated with investments in the Fund include but are not limited to the following:

MLP Tax Risk .    Much of the benefit that the Fund may derive from its investment in equity securities of MLPs is a result of MLPs generally being treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Partnerships do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. Rather, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in the MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax (as well as state and local income taxes) on its taxable income. Furthermore, an MLP could elect to reorganize as a taxable entity or corporation. There can be no guarantee that each MLP in which the Fund invests will remain structured as an MLP. A restructuring by an MLP in which the Fund invests could alter the tax status of the Fund’s investment. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP. If any MLP in which the Fund invests were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it could result in a reduction of the value of the Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to the Fund.

To the extent that the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP classified as a partnership, the Fund will be required to include in its taxable income the Fund’s allocable share of the income, gains, losses and deductions recognized by each such MLP and take into account its allocable share of the MLP’s tax credits, regardless of whether the MLP distributes cash to the Fund. Based upon a review of the historic results of the type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund expects that the cash distributions it will receive with respect its investments in equity securities of MLPs will exceed the taxable income allocated to the Fund from such MLPs. No assurance, however, can be given in this regard. If this expectation is not realized, the Fund will have a larger corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in less cash available to distribute to shareholders.

The portion of an MLP’s distributions to the Fund which are not derived from the MLP’s taxable income (return of capital distributions) generally will not be taxable to the Fund unless the amount distributed exceeds the Fund’s basis in its interest in the MLP. Distributions received by the Fund from an MLP will reduce the Fund’s adjusted basis in its interest in the MLP, but not below zero. A reduced basis generally will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes on the sale of its interest in the MLP. Distributions from an MLP to the Fund in excess of the Fund’s basis in the MLP generally will be taxable to the Fund as capital gain. The Fund will not benefit from current favorable federal income tax rates on long-term capital gains because it will be taxed as a corporation for federal

 

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income tax purposes. Furthermore, any return of capital distribution received from the MLP may require the Fund to restate the character of its distributions and amend any shareholder tax reporting previously issued.

Historically, energy and certain other MLPs have been able to offset a significant portion of their taxable income with tax deductions. The Fund will incur a current income tax liability on the portion of its share of the income and gain from each MLP investment that is not offset by its share of the MLP’s tax deductions, by its share of the MLPs’ tax credits or by the Fund’s net operating losses or net operating loss carryforwards, if any. The percentage of an MLP’s income that is offset by the MLP’s tax deductions will fluctuate over time. For example, new acquisitions of depreciable property by MLPs tend to generate accelerated depreciation and other tax deductions, and therefore a decline in acquisition activity by such MLPs owned by the Fund could increase the Fund’s current tax liability. If the percentage of the income allocated to the Fund that is offset by tax deductions declines, the Fund receives taxable dividends from “C” corporations that are not offset by deductions and/or by the Fund’s allocable share of net ordinary losses with respect to investments in MLPs, or the Fund’s portfolio turnover increases, the Fund could incur increased tax liabilities and the portion of the distributions paid by the Fund that is treated as tax-deferred return of capital would be reduced and the portion treated as taxable dividend income would be increased. This generally would result in lower after-tax distributions to shareholders. If the amount of the Fund’s distributions to U.S. shareholders exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of, and in reduction of, U.S. shareholders’ tax basis in the shares, and thereafter as capital gain. Any such capital gain will be long-term capital gain if such U.S. shareholder has held the applicable shares for more than one year. The portion of the distribution received by the U.S. shareholder from the Fund that constitutes a return of capital will decrease the U.S. Shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares (but not below zero), which will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the U.S. shareholder for tax purposes on the later sale of such Fund shares.

Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year generally will reduce the Fund’s taxable income (and earnings and profits), but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s taxable income (and earnings and profits) in subsequent years when the MLPs dispose of their assets or when the Fund disposes of its interests in the MLPs. When deductions are recaptured, distributions to the Fund’s shareholders may be taxable, even though the shareholders at the time of the distribution might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though the Fund’s shareholders at the time of the distribution will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the distribution.

The portion of the distributions received by the Fund each year that is considered a return of capital for tax purposes from the MLPs will not be known until the Fund receives a schedule K-1 for that year with respect to each of its MLP investments. The Fund’s tax liability will not be known until the Fund completes its annual tax return. The Fund’s tax estimates could vary substantially from the actual liability and therefore the determination of the Fund’s actual tax liability may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV. The payment of corporate income taxes imposed on the Fund will decrease cash available for distribution to shareholders.

Fund Structure Risk.     Unlike traditional mutual funds and closed-end funds that are structured as regulated investment companies for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund will be taxable as a regular corporation, or “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This means the Fund generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%), and will also be subject to state and local income taxes.

Over the long term, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of the Fund’s distributable cash flow received as cash distributions from MLPs, interest payments received on debt securities owned by the Fund and other payments on securities owned by the Fund, less Fund expenses. The Fund currently anticipates making distributions to its shareholders each fiscal quarter out of legally available funds. Consequently, the Fund may maintain cash reserves, borrow or may be required to sell certain investments at times when it would not otherwise be desirable to do so in order to pay the expenses of the Fund. Such sales could result in the Fund’s recognition of taxable income and gains, could result in the imposition of U.S. federal, state and local corporate

 

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income taxes on the Fund, and may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, which would result in a greater portion of distributions to Fund shareholders being treated as dividends. This practice also could require the Fund to sell an investment at a price lower than the price at which it is valued, or lower than the price the Fund could have obtained if it were able to sell the investment at a more advantageous time.

Unlike the MLP investments in which it invests, the Fund is not a pass-through vehicle. Consequently, the tax characterization of the distributions paid by the Fund, as dividend income or return of capital, may differ greatly from those of the underlying MLPs.

Changes in tax laws or regulations, or future interpretations of such laws or regulations, could adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs in which the Fund invests. Legislation could also negatively impact the amount and tax characterization of dividends received by the Fund’s shareholders. For example, Congress could take action which would eliminate the tax benefits of depreciation, depletion and amortization deductions realized by MLPs. Alternatively, Congress could impose a tax on pass-through entities such as MLPs or eliminate the use of pass-through taxation entirely. The tax benefits of depreciation, depletion and amortization deductions realized by MLPs effectively defer the income of the MLPs and, in turn, the taxable income of the Fund. Without these benefits the Fund would be subject to current U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes on a greater proportion of its allocable share of the income and gains of MLPs in which it invests, and the Fund’s ability to pay distributions treated as return-of-capital distributions (for tax purposes) or as capital gains would be reduced. Imposing a tax on pass-through entities and/or eliminating the use of pass-through taxation entirely could result in three levels of tax—at the MLP level, the Fund level and the shareholder level.

Tax Estimation/NAV Risk .    Because the Fund is treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund will incur tax expenses. In calculating the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will account for its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances.

The Fund will accrue a deferred income tax liability balance at the rates applicable to corporations, plus an estimated state and local income tax rate, for its future tax liability associated with the capital appreciation of its investments and the distributions received by the Fund on equity securities of MLPs considered to be return of capital and for any net operating gains. Any deferred tax liability balance will reduce the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares. Upon the Fund’s sale of its interest in an MLP, the Fund may be liable for previously deferred taxes. The Fund may also accrue a deferred tax asset balance, which reflects an estimate of the Fund’s future tax benefit associated with net operating losses and unrealized losses. Deferred tax assets may constitute a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s NAV, thereby increasing the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset balance, the Fund will assess whether a valuation allowance, which would offset the value of some or all of the Fund’s deferred tax asset balance, is required, considering all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the Fund’s deferred tax asset. To the extent a valuation allowance differs from the estimates of the Fund used in calculating the Fund’s NAV, the application of such valuation allowance could have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV which could have an effect on the market price of the shares.

An estimate of current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances is dependent upon the Fund’s net investment income and unrealized gains on investments and such expenses may vary greatly from year to year depending on the nature of the Fund’s investments, the performance of those investments and general market conditions. Therefore, any estimate of current taxes and deferred income tax liability and/or asset balances cannot be reliably predicted from year to year. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund had not yet commenced investment operations, and therefore had no current taxes and deferred tax assets or liabilities.

The Fund’s deferred tax liability and/or asset balances are estimated using estimates of effective tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years such balances are realized. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by MLPs regarding the tax characterization of the distributions made by such MLPs, which may not be provided to the Fund on a timely basis, to estimate the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances for purposes of financial statement reporting and determining its NAV. The Fund’s estimates regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances are made in good faith; however, the daily estimate of the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances used to

 

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calculate the Fund’s NAV could vary dramatically from the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit, and, as a result, the determination of the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV. From time to time, the Fund may modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances as new information becomes available. Modifications of the Fund’s estimates or assumptions regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances and any applicable valuation allowance, changes in generally accepted accounting principles or related guidance or interpretations thereof, limitations imposed on net operating losses (if any) and changes in applicable tax law could result in increases or decreases in the Fund’s NAV, which could be material. Unexpected significant decreases in cash distributions from the Fund’s MLP investments or significant declines in the fair value of its investments may change the Fund’s assessment regarding the recoverability of its deferred tax assets and may result in a valuation allowance. If a valuation allowance is required to reduce any deferred tax asset in the future, it could have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV and results of operations with respect to the Fund’s shareholders in the period it is recorded, even though the shareholders at such time might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deferred tax asset had been established.

The Fund may acquire its target assets in varying increments at different prices over time, and the tax basis of each security may vary depending on the Fund’s receipt of one or more distributions characterized as returns of capital during the Fund’s holding period of that security. The tax basis of a security may differ significantly from the original cost or the current market value of the security, which if sold, may subject the Fund to taxation on the value received in excess of the adjusted tax basis, even if the sale price of the security is lower than its original acquisition cost. Additionally, distributions of earnings realized by the Fund from the sale of the security would generally be treated as taxable dividend income, as opposed to a non-taxable return of capital. It will be difficult for you to monitor the adjusted tax basis of each individual security in the portfolio, and therefore difficult to estimate the potential for embedded taxable gains if a security were to be sold at the current market price.

Foreign Investments Risk

The Fund may make foreign investments. Foreign investments involve special risks that are not typically associated with U.S. dollar denominated or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign investments may be affected by changes in currency rates, changes in foreign or U.S. laws or restrictions applicable to such investments and changes in exchange control regulations ( e.g. , currency blockage). A decline in the exchange rate of the currency ( i.e. , weakening of the currency against the U.S. dollar) in which a portfolio security is quoted or denominated relative to the U.S. dollar would reduce the value of the portfolio security. In addition, if the currency in which the Fund receives dividends, interest or other payments declines in value against the U.S. dollar before such income is distributed as dividends to shareholders or converted to U.S. dollars, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to pay such dividends.

Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in international securities markets generally are more expensive than in the United States. In addition, clearance and settlement procedures may be different in foreign countries and, in certain markets, such procedures have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, thus making it difficult to conduct such transactions.

Foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer. In addition, there is generally less government regulation of foreign markets, companies and securities dealers than in the United States, and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States. Foreign securities markets may have substantially less volume than U.S. securities markets and securities of many foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Furthermore, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains distributions), limitations on the removal of funds or other assets from such countries, and risks of political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could adversely affect investments in those countries.

 

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Concentration of the Fund’s assets in one or a few countries and currencies will subject the Fund to greater risks than if the Fund’s assets were not geographically concentrated.

Investments in foreign securities may take the form of sponsored and unsponsored ADRs, GDRs, EDRs or other similar instruments representing securities of foreign issuers. ADRs, GDRs and EDRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a bank or other depository. ADRs and certain GDRs are traded in the United States. GDRs may be traded in either the United States or in foreign markets. EDRs are traded primarily outside the United States. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars. EDRs and GDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security.

Private Company Investments Risk

Private companies are not subject to SEC reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their accounting records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and are not required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate information about the business, financial condition and results of operations of the private companies in which the Fund invests. There is risk that the Fund may invest on the basis of incomplete or inaccurate information, which may adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance. Private companies in which the Fund may invest may have limited financial resources, shorter operating histories, more asset concentration risk, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These companies generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. These companies may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity. In addition, the Fund’s investment also may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until the company meets certain growth and liquidity objectives. The securities of private portfolio companies are illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to sell such investments.

Pre-IPO Investments Risk

Pre-IPO companies typically have limited operating histories, narrower, less established product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions, market conditions and consumer sentiment in respect of their products or services, as well as general economic downturns. Such companies may experience operating losses, which may be substantial, and there can be no assurance when or if such companies will operate at a profit. At the time of the Fund’s investment, there is generally little publicly available information about these businesses since they are primarily privately owned and the Fund may only have access to the company’s actual financial results as of and for the most recent quarter end or, in certain cases, the quarter end preceding the most recent quarter end. There can be no assurance that the information that the Fund does obtain with respect to any investment is reliable. Pre-IPO companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their existing credit facilities (to the extent that such facilities exist), which may lead to equity financings, possibly at discounted valuations, in which the Fund could be substantially diluted if the Fund does not or cannot participate, bankruptcy or liquidation and the corresponding reduction in value or loss of the Fund’s investment. Pre-IPO companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the company and, in turn, on the Fund. Continued global economic uncertainty could also result in investors becoming more risk-averse, which in turn could reduce the amount of growth capital available to the companies from both existing and new investors, could adversely affect their operating performance, and could delay liquidity paths (for example, an IPO or strategic sale/merger) for the companies. It may be difficult for the Fund to sell these investments, subjecting the Fund to liquidity risk. The securities of private portfolio companies are illiquid, and

 

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the inability of these portfolio companies to complete an IPO within the targeted time frame will extend the holding period of the Fund’s investments and may adversely affect the value of these investments.

Initial Public Offering Risk

An IPO is a company’s first offering of stock to the public. IPO risk is the risk that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When the Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund. As the Fund’s assets grow, the effect of the Fund’s investments in IPOs on the Fund’s performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Fund’s performance. Because of the price volatility of IPO shares, the Fund may choose to hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of the Fund’s portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and other transaction costs. The Fund will generally be subject to tax on the sale of IPO shares at a gain. In addition, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to obtain allocable portions of IPO shares. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Investors in IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders.

Interest Rate Risk

When interest rates increase, fixed income securities or instruments held by the Fund, including MLPs, will generally decline in value. Long-term fixed income securities or instruments will normally have more price volatility because of this risk than short-term fixed income securities or instruments. Rising interest rates could increase the costs of capital thereby increasing operating costs and reducing the ability of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector to carry out acquisitions or expansions in a cost-effective manner. As a result, rising interest rates could negatively affect the financial performance of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector. Rising interest rates may also impact the price of the securities of MLPs and other companies operating in the energy sector as the yields on alternative investments increase. With interest rates now close to historic lows, the risk of a rise in interest rates is greater.

The Fund may enter into a swap or cap transaction to attempt to protect itself from increasing dividend or interest expenses resulting from increasing short-term rates. A decline in interest rates may result in a decline in the value of the swap or cap, which may result in a decline in the NAV of the Fund. A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the NAV of the Fund.

Liquidity Risk

Although the equity securities of the MLPs in which the Fund invests generally trade on major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less frequently, particularly those of MLPs and other issuers with smaller capitalizations. Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements. Also, the Fund may make investments that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. In addition, the Fund may be one of the largest investors in certain sub-sectors of the energy or natural resource sectors. Thus, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such securities without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. Larger purchases or sales of these securities by the Fund in a short period of time may cause abnormal movements in the market price of these securities. When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security or instrument at all. An inability to sell one or more portfolio positions can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities.

 

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During certain periods the liquidity of particular issuers or industries, or all securities within particular investment categories, may shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political events, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate.

Valuation Risk

Market prices may not be readily available for some of the Fund’s investments, including MLP subordinated units, direct ownership of general partner or managing member interests and restricted or unregistered securities of certain MLPs and private companies. The value of such securities is determined by fair valuations determined by the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures governing the valuation of portfolio securities adopted by the Board of Trustees. Proper valuation of such securities may require more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than for valuation of securities for which an active trading market exists. As a limited partner in MLPs, the Fund includes its allocable share of the MLPs, taxable income in computing its own taxable income. Deferred income taxes in the financial statements of the Fund reflect (i) taxes on unrealized gains/losses, which are attributable to the temporary difference between fair market value and the tax basis of the Fund’s assets, (ii) the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and (iii) the net tax benefit of accumulated net operating losses. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset, consideration is given as to whether or not a valuation allowance is required. In the assessment for a valuation allowance, consideration is given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax asset. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability (which are highly dependent on future MLP cash distributions), the duration of statutory carryforward periods and the associated risk that operating loss carryforwards may expire unused.

Natural Resources Risk

The Fund may invest in MLPs and companies principally engaged in owning or developing non-energy natural resources (including timber and minerals) and industrial materials, or supplying goods or services to such companies. The Fund’s investments in natural resources issuers (including MLPs) will be subject to the risk that prices of these investments may fluctuate widely in response to the level and volatility of commodity prices; exchange rates; import controls; domestic and global competition; environmental regulation and liability for environmental damage; mandated expenditures for safety or pollution control; the success of exploration projects; depletion of resources; tax policies; and other governmental regulation. Investments in natural resources issuers can be significantly affected by changes in the supply of or demand for natural resources. The value of investments in natural resources issuers may be adversely affected by a change in inflation.

Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Risk

Investments in mid- and small-capitalization companies involve greater risk and portfolio price volatility than investments in larger capitalization stocks. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility of these investments are the less certain growth prospects of smaller firms and the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities. Mid- and small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded and may have to be sold at a discount from current market prices or in small lots over an extended period of time. In addition, these securities are subject to the risk that during certain periods the liquidity of particular issuers or industries, or all securities in particular investment categories, will shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic or market conditions, or adverse investor perceptions whether or not accurate. Because of the lack of sufficient market liquidity, the Fund may incur losses because it will be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and only then at a substantial drop in price. Mid- and small-capitalization companies include “unseasoned” issuers that do not have an established financial history; often have limited product lines, markets or financial resources; may depend on or use a few key personnel for management; and may be susceptible to losses and risks of bankruptcy.

 

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Mid- and small-capitalization companies may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results; may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence; may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. In addition, these companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities, and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Transaction costs for these investments are often higher than those of larger capitalization companies. Investments in mid- and small-capitalization companies may be more difficult to price precisely than other types of securities because of their characteristics and lower trading volumes.

Delay in Use of Proceeds Risk

Although the Fund intends to invest the proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby as soon as practicable following the completion of this offering, such investments may be delayed if suitable investments are unavailable at the time. The trading market and volumes for securities of MLPs and energy companies may at times be less liquid than the market for other securities. Prior to the time the proceeds of this offering are invested, such proceeds may be invested in short-term money market instruments and U.S. Government Securities, pending investment in securities of MLPs or energy companies. Income received by the Fund from these securities would subject the Fund to corporate tax before any distributions to security holders. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Cash Flow Risk

The Fund expects that a substantial portion of the cash flow it receives will be derived from its investments in equity securities of MLPs. The amount and tax characterization of cash available for distribution by an MLP depends upon the amount of cash generated by such entity’s operations. Cash available for distribution by MLPs will vary widely from quarter to quarter and is affected by various factors affecting the entity’s operations. In addition to the risks described herein, operating costs, capital expenditures, acquisition costs, construction costs, exploration costs and borrowing costs may reduce the amount of cash that an MLP has available for distribution in a given period.

Capital Market Risk

Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, volatile due to a variety of factors. The cost of raising capital in the debt and equity capital markets has increased substantially while the ability to raise capital from those markets has diminished significantly. In particular, as a result of concerns about the general stability of financial markets and specifically the solvency of lending counterparties, the cost of raising capital from the credit markets generally has increased as many lenders and institutional investors have increased interest rates, enacted tighter lending standards, refused to refinance debt on existing terms or at all and reduced, or in some cases ceased to provide, funding to borrowers. In addition, lending counterparties under existing revolving credit facilities and other debt instruments may be unwilling or unable to meet their funding obligations. Due to these factors, MLPs may be unable to obtain new debt or equity financing on acceptable terms or at all and therefore MLPs may not be able to meet their obligations as they come due. Moreover, without adequate funding, MLPs may be unable to execute their growth strategies, complete future acquisitions, take advantage of other business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on their revenues and results of operations.

Competition Risk

A number of alternatives exist for investing in a portfolio of MLPs and their affiliates, including other publicly traded investment companies, structured notes, private funds, open-end funds and indexed products. These competitive conditions may adversely impact the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective, which in turn could adversely impact our ability to make distributions or interest or Preferred Share distribution payments.

 

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Royalty Trust Risk

Royalty trusts are exposed to many of the same risks as other MLPs. The value of the equity securities of the royalty trusts in which the Fund invests may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of those royalty trusts, the condition of equity markets generally, commodity prices, and other factors. Distributions on royalty trusts in which the Fund may invest will depend upon the declaration of distributions from the constituent royalty trusts, but there can be no assurance that those royalty trusts will pay distributions. Typically royalty trusts own the rights to royalties on the production and sales of a natural resource, including oil, gas, minerals and timber. As these deplete, production and cash flows steadily decline, which may decrease distributions. The declaration of such distributions generally depends upon various factors, including the operating performance and financial condition of the royalty trust and general economic conditions.

In many circumstances, the royalty trusts in which the Fund may invest may have limited operating histories. The value of royalty trust securities depends on factors that are not within the Fund’s control, including the financial performance of the respective issuers, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices (which will vary and are determined by supply and demand factors including weather and general economic and political conditions), the hedging policies employed by such issuers, issues relating to the regulation of the energy industry and operational risks relating to the energy industry.

Credit/Default Risk

An issuer or guarantor of fixed income securities or instruments held by the Fund (which may have low credit ratings) may default on its obligation to pay interest and repay principal or default on any other obligation. The credit quality of the Fund’s portfolio securities or instruments may meet the Fund’s credit quality requirements at the time of purchase but then deteriorate thereafter, and such a deterioration can occur rapidly. In certain instances, the downgrading or default of a single holding or guarantor of the Fund’s holding may impair the Fund’s liquidity and have the potential to cause significant NAV deterioration.

Strategy Risk

The Fund’s strategy of investing primarily in MLPs, resulting in its being taxed as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, rather than as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a relatively new investment strategy for funds. This strategy involves complicated and in some cases unsettled accounting, tax and valuation issues that may result in unexpected and potentially significant consequences for the Fund and its shareholders. In addition, accounting, tax and valuation procedures in this area are still developing, and there may not always be a clear consensus among industry participants as to the most appropriate approach. This may result in changes over time in the Fund’s accounting, tax and valuation practices, which, in turn, could have material adverse consequences on the Fund and its shareholders.

Other Investment Company Risk

Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act and the Fund’s governing documents or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Fund may acquire shares in other investment companies. When the Fund invests in other investment companies, it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the other investment companies.

ETNs Risk

ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange ( e.g. , the NYSE) during normal trading hours. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the

 

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issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset.

Non-Diversification Risk

The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that the Fund is permitted to invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than “diversified” funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments.

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk

The Fund’s Declaration of Trust and Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status or to change the composition of the Board. Such provisions could limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund. See “Additional Information About the Fund—Anti-Takeover Provisions.”

Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk

When the Investment Adviser anticipates unusual market or other conditions, the Fund may temporarily depart from its primary investment strategy as a defensive measure and invest all or a portion of its assets in obligations of the U.S. Government; commercial paper rated at least A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moody’s or having a comparable rating by another NRSRO (or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality); certificates of deposit; bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements; non-convertible preferred stocks and non-convertible corporate bonds with a remaining maturity of less than one year; ETFs; other investment companies; cash items; or any other fixed income securities that the Investment Adviser considers consistent with this strategy. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objective.

REIT Risk

REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or geographic region are subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. The securities of REITs involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions and other factors. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk

The terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, had a disruptive effect on the securities markets. The ongoing U.S. military and related action in Afghanistan and instability in Pakistan, Ukraine and the Middle East, as well as the continuing threat of terrorist attacks, could have significant adverse effects on the U.S. economy, the stock market and world economies and markets generally. A similar disruption of financial markets or other terrorist attacks could adversely affect Fund service providers and/or the Fund’s operations as well as interest rates, secondary trading, credit risk, inflation and other factors relating to the Common Shares. The Fund cannot predict the effects or likelihood of similar events in the future on the U.S. and world economies, the value of the Common Shares or the NAV of the Fund.

U.S. Government Securities Risk

The U.S. government may not provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. U.S. Government Securities issued by those agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises, including those issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Banks, are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Treasury and, therefore, are not backed

 

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by the full faith and credit of the United States. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government Securities held by the Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that issuers of U.S. Government Securities will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been operating under conservatorship, with the FHFA acting as their conservator, since September 2008. The entities are dependent upon the continued support of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and FHFA in order to continue their business operations. These factors, among others, could affect the future status and role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the values of their securities and the securities which they guarantee. Additionally, the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, which may fluctuate.

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk

The Investment Adviser’s investment team is often responsible for managing the Fund as well as one or more funds and other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles, such as unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. See “Activities of Goldman Sachs and its Affiliates and Other Accounts Managed by Goldman Sachs.”

The Investment Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. The Investment Adviser seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, the Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Fund and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies.

 

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OTHER PORTFOLIO RISKS

Emerging Markets Risk

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located in emerging countries. The risks of foreign investment are heightened when the issuer is located in an emerging country. Emerging countries are generally located in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Central and South America. The Fund’s purchase and sale of portfolio securities in certain emerging countries may be constrained by limitations relating to daily changes in the prices of listed securities, periodic trading or settlement volume and/or limitations on aggregate holdings of foreign investors. Such limitations may be computed based on the aggregate trading volume by or holdings of the Fund, the Investment Adviser, or its affiliates and respective clients and other service providers. The Fund may not be able to sell securities in circumstances where price, trading or settlement volume limitations have been reached.

Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may limit investment in such countries or increase the administrative costs of such investments. For example, certain Asian countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer’s outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals. In addition, certain countries may restrict or prohibit investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests. Such restrictions may affect the market price, liquidity and rights of securities that may be purchased by the Fund. The repatriation of both investment income and capital from certain emerging countries is subject to restrictions such as the need for governmental consents. In situations where a country restricts direct investment in securities (which may occur in certain Asian and other countries), the Fund may invest in such countries through other investment funds in such countries.

Many emerging countries have recently experienced currency devaluations and substantial (and, in some cases, extremely high) rates of inflation. Other emerging countries have experienced economic recessions. These circumstances have had a negative effect on the economies and securities markets of those emerging countries.

Economies in emerging countries generally are dependent heavily upon commodity prices and international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by the economies of their trading partners, trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade.

Many emerging countries are subject to a substantial degree of economic, political and social instability. Governments of some emerging countries are authoritarian in nature or have been installed or removed as a result of military coups, while governments in other emerging countries have periodically used force to suppress civil dissent. Disparities of wealth, the pace and success of democratization, and ethnic, religious and racial disaffection, among other factors, have also led to social unrest, violence and/or labor unrest in some emerging countries. Unanticipated political or social developments may result in sudden and significant investment losses. Investing in emerging countries involves greater risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. As an example, in the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that similar expropriations will not occur in other countries.

The Fund’s investment in emerging countries may also be subject to withholding or other taxes, which may be significant and may reduce the return to the Fund from an investment in issuers in such countries.

Settlement procedures in emerging countries are frequently less developed and reliable than those in the United States and may involve the Fund’s delivery of securities before receipt of payment for their sale. In addition, significant delays may occur in certain markets in registering the transfer of securities. Settlement or registration problems may make it more difficult for the Fund to value its portfolio securities and could cause the

 

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Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, to have a portion of its assets uninvested or to incur losses due to the failure of a counterparty to pay for securities the Fund has delivered or the Fund’s inability to complete its contractual obligations because of theft or other reasons.

The creditworthiness of the local securities firms used by the Fund in emerging countries may not be as sound as the creditworthiness of firms used in more developed countries. As a result, the Fund may be subject to a greater risk of loss if a securities firm defaults in the performance of its responsibilities.

The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain emerging countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in those countries may make the Fund’s investments in such countries less liquid and more volatile than investments in countries with more developed securities markets (such as the United States, Japan and most Western European countries). The Fund’s investments in emerging countries are subject to the risk that the liquidity of a particular investment, or investments generally, in such countries will shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political conditions or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate. Because of the lack of sufficient market liquidity, the Fund may incur losses because it will be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and only then at a substantial drop in price. Investments in emerging countries may be more difficult to value precisely because of the characteristics discussed above and lower trading volumes.

The Fund’s use of foreign currency management techniques in emerging countries may be limited. A significant portion of the Fund’s currency exposure in emerging countries may not be covered by these techniques.

Foreign Custody Risk

The Fund may hold foreign securities and cash with foreign banks, agents and securities depositories appointed by the Fund’s custodian (each a “Foreign Custodian”). Some Foreign Custodians may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In some countries, Foreign Custodians may be subject to little or no regulatory oversight over or independent evaluation of their operations. Further, the laws of certain countries may place limitations on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a Foreign Custodian enters bankruptcy. Investments in emerging markets may be subject to even greater custody risks than investments in more developed markets. Custody services in emerging market countries are very often undeveloped and may be considerably less well regulated than in more developed countries, and thus may not afford the same level of investor protection as would apply in developed countries.

Deflation Risk

Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and their revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.

Inflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions on those shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, leverage expenses would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to the holders of Common Shares.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

Legal and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect the Fund and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New or revised laws or regulations may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the U.S. Federal Reserve, other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that

 

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could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

Congress recently enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, recordkeeping, and registration requirements. Because the legislation leaves much to agency rule making, its ultimate impact remains unclear. New regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions (for example, by making certain types of derivatives transactions no longer available to the Fund) and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions (for example, by increasing margin or capital requirements), and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result. It is unclear how the regulatory changes will affect counterparty risk.

The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts; those position limits may also apply to certain other derivatives positions the Fund may wish to take. Under the exchange rules, all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore it is possible that the trading decisions of the Investment Adviser may have to be modified and that positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the performance of the Fund.

Government Intervention

The recent instability in the financial markets discussed above has led the U.S. government and certain foreign governments to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity, including through direct purchases of equity and debt securities. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the issuers in which the Fund invests in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Congress has enacted sweeping financial legislation, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), signed into law by President Obama on July 21, 2010, regarding the operation of banks, private fund managers and other financial institutions, which includes provisions regarding the regulation of derivatives. Many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will be implemented through regulatory rulemakings and similar processes over a period of time. The impact of the Dodd-Frank Act, and of follow-on regulation, on trading strategies and operations is impossible to predict, and may be adverse. Practices and areas of operation subject to significant change based on the impact, direct or indirect, of the Dodd-Frank Act and follow-on regulation, may change in manners that are unforeseeable, with uncertain effects. By way of example and not limitation, direct and indirect changes from the Dodd-Frank Act and follow-on regulation may occur to a significant degree with regard to, among other areas, financial consumer protection, bank ownership of and involvement with private funds, proprietary trading, registration of investment advisers, and the trading and use of many derivative instruments, including swaps. There can be no assurance that such legislation or regulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund. In addition, Congress may address tax policy, which also could have uncertain direct and indirect impact on trading and operations, as well as, potentially, operations and structure of the Fund.

Further, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”), an interagency body charged with identifying and monitoring systemic risks to financial markets. The FSOC has the authority to require that non-bank financial companies that are “predominantly engaged in financial activities,”

 

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such as the Fund and the Investment Adviser, whose failure it determines would pose systemic risk, be placed under the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”). The FSOC has the authority to recommend that the Federal Reserve adopt more stringent prudential standards and reporting and disclosure requirements for non-bank financial companies supervised by the Federal Reserve. The FSOC also has the authority to make recommendations to the Federal Reserve on various other matters that may affect the Fund, including requiring financial firms to submit resolution plans, mandating credit exposure reports, establishing concentration limits, and limiting short-term debt. The FSOC may also recommend that other federal financial regulators impose more stringent regulation upon, or ban altogether, financial activities of any financial firm that poses what it determines are significant risks to the financial system.

The implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act could also adversely affect the Investment Adviser and the Fund by increasing transaction and/or regulatory compliance costs. Provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act include new capital and margin requirements and the mandatory use of clearinghouse mechanisms for many over-the-counter derivative transactions. It is expected that swap dealers, major market participants and swap counterparties will experience new and/or additional regulations, requirements, compliance burdens and associated costs. The new laws and the rules to be promulgated may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective either through limits or requirements imposed on the Fund or upon its counterparties. In particular, any new position limits imposed on the Fund or its counterparties may impact the Fund’s ability to invest in futures and swaps in a manner that efficiently meets its investment objectives, including to hedge risk. New requirements even if not directly applicable to the Fund, including capital requirements and mandatory clearing, may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect the Fund. In addition, greater regulatory scrutiny and the implementation of enhanced and new regulatory requirements may increase the Investment Adviser’s and the Fund’s exposure to potential liabilities, and in particular liabilities arising from violating any such enhanced and/or new regulatory requirements. Increased regulatory oversight could also impose administrative burdens on the Investment Adviser and the Fund, including, without limitation, responding to investigations and implementing new policies and procedures. The ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act, and any resulting regulation, is not yet certain and the Investment Adviser and the Fund may be affected by the new legislation and regulation in ways that are currently unforeseeable.

In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized under these statutes, regulations and otherwise to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies.

In the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, there appears to be a renewed popular, political and judicial focus on finance related consumer protection. Financial institution practices are also subject to greater scrutiny and criticism generally. In the case of transactions between financial institutions and the general public, there may be a greater tendency toward strict interpretation of terms and legal rights in favor of the consuming public, particularly where there is a real or perceived disparity in risk allocation and/or where consumers are perceived as not having had an opportunity to exercise informed consent to the transaction. In the event of conflicting interests between retail investors holding common shares of a closed-end investment company such as the Fund and a large financial institution, a court may similarly seek to strictly interpret terms and legal rights in favor of retail investors.

Information Technology Systems

The Fund is dependent on the Investment Adviser for certain management services as well as back-office functions. The Investment Adviser depends on information technology systems in order to assess investment opportunities, strategies and markets and to monitor and control risks for the Fund. It is possible that a failure of some kind which causes disruptions to these information technology systems could materially limit the Investment Adviser’s ability to adequately assess and adjust investments, formulate strategies and provide adequate risk control. Any such information technology-related difficulty could harm the performance of the Fund. Further, failure of the back-office functions of the Investment Adviser to process trades in a timely fashion could prejudice the investment performance of the Fund.

 

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Legislation Risk

At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund. Legislation or regulation may change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. The Investment Adviser cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Management Risk

The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Investment Adviser and the individual portfolio managers will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. The Fund may be subject to a relatively high level of management risk because the Fund may invest in derivative instruments, which may be highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with bonds.

Misconduct of Employees and of Service Providers

Misconduct or misrepresentations by employees of the Investment Adviser or the Fund’s service providers could cause significant losses to the Fund. Employee misconduct may include binding the Fund to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and unauthorized trading activities or concealing unsuccessful trading activities (which, in any case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses) or making misrepresentations regarding any of the foregoing. Losses could also result from actions by the Fund’s service providers, including, without limitation, failing to recognize trades and misappropriating assets. In addition, employees and service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities. Despite the Investment Adviser’s due diligence efforts, misconduct and intentional misrepresentations may be undetected or not fully comprehended, thereby potentially undermining the Investment Adviser’s due diligence efforts. As a result, no assurances can be given that the due diligence performed by the Investment Adviser will identify or prevent any such misconduct.

Portfolio Turnover Risk

The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the Fund’s recognition of gains (losses) that will increase (decrease) the Fund’s tax liability and thereby impact the amount of the Fund’s after-tax distributions. In addition, high portfolio turnover may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as taxable dividends for federal income tax purposes.

Reliance on Service Providers

The Fund must rely upon the performance of service providers to perform certain functions, which may include functions that are integral to the Fund’s operations and financial performance. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to the Fund in accordance with the terms of its appointment, to exercise due care and skill, or to perform its obligations to the Fund at all as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or other causes could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s performance and returns to shareholders. The termination of the Fund’s relationship with any service provider, or any delay in appointing a replacement for such service provider, could materially disrupt the business of the Fund and could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s performance and returns to shareholders.

 

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When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk

The Fund may purchase fixed income securities on a when-issued basis, and may purchase or sell those securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions occur when securities are purchased or sold by the Fund with payment and delivery taking place in the future to secure an advantageous yield or price. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis may expose the Fund to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself.

Non-Investment Grade (High Yield or “Junk Bond”) Securities Risk

The Fund may invest in securities that are rated, at the time of investment, non-investment grade quality (rated “Ba/BB” or below), or securities that are unrated but determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Adviser. Securities of non-investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Non-investment grade securities and unrated securities of comparable credit quality are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payment obligations. The value of high yield, lower quality bonds is affected by the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities and by general economic and specific industry conditions. These securities may be subject to greater price volatility due to such factors as specific corporate or municipal developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of the junk bond markets generally and less secondary market liquidity. Issuers of high yield bonds are not as strong financially as those with higher credit ratings. These issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. Non-investment grade securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns, specific corporate or municipal developments, interest rate sensitivity, negative perceptions of the junk bond markets generally and less secondary market liquidity. An economic recession could disrupt severely the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities. Non-investment grade securities, though higher yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The retail secondary market for non-investment grade securities may be less liquid than that for higher rated securities. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s NAV. Because of the substantial risks associated with investments in non-investment grade securities, you could lose money on your investment in Common Shares of the Fund, both in the short-term and the long-term.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

The business and affairs of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by the Fund’s Investment Adviser, are managed under the direction of its Board of Trustees. The names and business addresses of the Trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the SAI.

Investment Adviser

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. serves as the Fund’s investment adviser. The principal executive offices of GSAM are at 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. GSAM has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1990 and is a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a bank holding company, and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. As of June 30, 2014, GSAM, including its investment advisory affiliates, had assets under management of $992.3 billion.

The Investment Adviser provides day-to-day advice regarding the Fund’s portfolio transactions, manages the Fund’s portfolio and is responsible for the Fund’s business affairs and other administrative matters. The Investment Adviser makes the investment decisions for the Fund and places purchase and sale orders for the Fund’s portfolio transactions in U.S. and foreign markets. As permitted by applicable law, these orders may be directed to any brokers, including Goldman Sachs and its affiliates. While the Investment Adviser is ultimately responsible for the management of the Fund, it is able to draw upon the research and expertise of its asset management affiliates for portfolio decisions and management with respect to certain portfolio securities. In addition, the Investment Adviser has access to the research and certain proprietary technical models developed by Goldman Sachs (subject to legal, internal, regulatory and Chinese Wall restrictions), and will apply quantitative and qualitative analysis in determining the appropriate allocations among categories of issuers and types of securities.

The Investment Adviser also performs the following additional services for the Fund:

 

    Supervises all non-advisory operations of the Fund;

 

    Provides personnel to perform necessary executive, administrative and clerical services to the Fund;

 

    Arranges for the preparation of all required tax returns, reports and notices to shareholders, prospectuses and statements of additional information and other reports filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities;

 

    Maintains the records of the Fund; and

 

    Provides office space and all necessary office equipment and services.

Management Fees

Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser is entitled to receive a monthly management fee at an annual rate equal to 1.00% of the average daily value of the Fund’s Managed Assets. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).

The Investment Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its management fees from time to time, and may discontinue or modify any such voluntary limitations in the future at its discretion.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ initial approval of the Management Agreement for the Fund will be available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ending November 30, 2014.

 

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Investment Team

Energy & Infrastructure Team.

As of June 30, 2014, the team managed approximately $12.8 billion.

 

Name and Title

  

Fund Responsibility

  

Years
Primarily
Responsible

  

Five Year Employment History

Kyri Loupis Managing Director   

Portfolio Manager—

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

   Since 2014    Mr. Loupis joined the Investment Adviser in 2009 and is a portfolio manager and head of the Energy & Infrastructure team. Prior to joining the Investment Adviser he spent over eight years at Lehman Brothers covering the energy sector, from 2000-2006 in the Investment Banking Division, and from 2006-2009 in the Private Equity group, where he co-founded an energy investment fund with a focus in MLPs.
Ganesh V. Jois, CFA Vice President   

Portfolio Manager—

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

   Since 2014    Mr. Jois joined the Investment Adviser in 2009 and is a research analyst and portfolio manager for the Energy & Infrastructure Team. Prior to joining the Investment Adviser, he was at Citigroup Investment Research covering MLPs, where he helped initiate coverage on several MLPs and had coverage responsibility for nearly 20 MLPs. Between 2003 and 2005, he worked in the Financial Advisory Services practice of Deloitte & Touche.
Matthew Cooper Vice President   

Portfolio Manager—

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

   Since 2014    Mr. Cooper joined the Investment Adviser in 2013 and is a research analyst for the Energy & Infrastructure Team. Prior to joining the Investment Adviser, he worked in the Commodities Origination and Structuring group at Merrill Lynch beginning in 2011. Between 2007 and 2009 he worked as a research analyst in the Private Equity Group at Lehman Brothers covering the energy sector. Prior to that he worked as an Investment Banker in the Energy and Power Group at Merrill Lynch & Co.

The Fund is managed by the Energy & Infrastructure Team. Kyri Loupis, Ganesh V. Jois and Matthew Cooper have day-to-day management responsibility of the Fund.

For information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and portfolio manager ownership of securities in the Fund, see “Management Services—Portfolio Managers’ Compensation” in the SAI.

Other Service Providers

Fund Accounting Agent

State Street will provide certain fund accounting services to the Fund pursuant to a Fund Accounting Agreement (the “Fund Accounting Agreement”). Pursuant to the Fund Accounting Agreement, State Street will provide the Fund with, among other things, customary fund accounting services, including computing the Fund’s NAV and maintaining books, records and other documents relating to the Fund’s financial and portfolio transactions, and customary fund administration services, including assisting the Fund with regulatory filings, tax compliance and other oversight activities.

 

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Custodian

The Custodian of the assets of the Fund is State Street, whose principal business address is One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. The Custodian will be responsible for, among other things, receipt of and disbursement of funds from the Fund’s accounts, establishment of segregated accounts as necessary, and transfer, exchange and delivery of Fund portfolio securities.

Transfer and Plan Agent

Computershare, whose principal business address is 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station, TX 77845, will serve as the Fund’s transfer agent, registrar and Plan Agent with respect to the Common Shares.

Computershare will be responsible for, among other things, the issuance and cancellation of Fund shares; account maintenance, including the creation of new shareholder accounts and posting all transactions in Fund shares; shareholder communications, including responding to all shareholder inquiries and correspondence; disbursements; Automated Clearing House (ACH) services; the administration of the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan; annual meeting services, including preparation of stockholder lists, proxy cards, and tabulation of proxies; and other related services.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose principal business address is 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, is the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund and is expected to render an opinion annually on the financial statements of the Fund.

Activities of Goldman Sachs and Its Affiliates and Other Accounts Managed by Goldman Sachs

The involvement of the Investment Adviser, Goldman Sachs and their affiliates in the management of, or their interest in, other accounts and other activities of Goldman Sachs may present conflicts of interest with respect to the Fund or limit the Fund’s investment activities. Goldman Sachs is a worldwide, full service investment banking, broker dealer, asset management and financial services organization and a major participant in global financial markets that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. As such, it acts as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, financier, adviser, market maker, trader, prime broker, lender, agent and principal. In those and other capacities, Goldman Sachs advises clients in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds and recommends a broad array of investments, including securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for its own account or for the accounts of its customers and has other direct and indirect interests in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equities, bank loans and other markets and the securities and issuers in which the Fund directly and indirectly invests. Thus, it is likely that the Fund will have multiple business relationships with and will invest in, engage in transactions with, make voting decisions with respect to, or obtain services from entities for which Goldman Sachs performs or seeks to perform investment banking or other services. The Investment Adviser and/or certain of its affiliates are the managers of the Goldman Sachs Funds. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates earn fees from this and other relationships with the Fund. Although these fees are generally based on asset levels, the fees are not directly contingent on Fund performance, and Goldman Sachs would still receive significant compensation from the Fund even if shareholders lose money. Goldman Sachs and its affiliates engage in proprietary trading and advise accounts and funds which have investment objectives similar to those of the Fund and/or which engage in and compete for transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. Goldman Sachs and its affiliates will not have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of the Fund. The results of the Fund’s investment activities, therefore, may differ from those of Goldman Sachs, its affiliates and other accounts managed by Goldman Sachs and it is possible that the Fund could sustain losses during periods in which Goldman Sachs and its affiliates and other accounts achieve

 

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significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. In addition, the Fund may enter into transactions in which Goldman Sachs or its other clients have an adverse interest. For example, the Fund may take a long position in a security at the same time that Goldman Sachs or other accounts managed by the Investment Adviser take a short position in the same security (or vice versa). These and other transactions undertaken by Goldman Sachs, its affiliates or Goldman Sachs advised clients may, individually or in the aggregate, adversely impact the Fund. Transactions by one or more Goldman Sachs advised clients or the Investment Adviser may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of the Fund. The Fund’s activities may be limited because of regulatory restrictions applicable to Goldman Sachs and its affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a global financial services firm, Goldman Sachs also provides a wide range of investment banking and financial services to issuers of securities and investors in securities. Goldman Sachs, its affiliates and others associated with it may create markets or specialize in, have positions in and effect transactions in, securities of issuers held by the Fund, and may also perform or seek to perform investment banking and financial services for those issuers. Goldman Sachs and its affiliates may have business relationships with and purchase or distribute or sell services or products from or to distributors, consultants or others who recommend the Fund or who engage in transactions with or for the Fund. The Fund may make brokerage and other payments to Goldman Sachs and its affiliates in connection with the Fund’s portfolio investment transactions, in accordance with applicable law. For more information about conflicts of interest, see “Potential Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI.

Control Person

To provide the initial capitalization of the Fund, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. has purchased Common Shares from the Fund in an amount sufficient to satisfy the Fund’s net worth requirements under Section 14(a) of the 1940 Act. Therefore, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. currently owns 100% of the outstanding Common Shares. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to control the Fund until such time as it owns less than 25% of the outstanding Common Shares. However, it is anticipated that The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. will no longer be a control person once the offering is completed.

 

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LEVERAGE

As soon as practicable following the public offering of the Common Shares (subject to market conditions), the Fund intends to use leverage to seek to achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s use of leverage is subject to risks and will cause the Fund’s NAV to be more volatile than if leverage was not used. There is no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategies will be successful. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Leverage Risk.”

The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions ( i.e. , a credit facility), margin facilities or notes issued by the Fund and the leverage attributable to similar transactions entered into by the Fund. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also issue Preferred Shares in an aggregate amount of up to 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after such issuance. The Fund initially intends to incur leverage through a credit facility representing approximately 25-30% of the Fund’s Managed Assets, but reserves the right to incur leverage to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If the Fund uses leverage, the amount of fees paid to the Investment Adviser for its services will be higher than if the Fund does not use leverage, because the fees paid are calculated based on Managed Assets, which includes assets acquired with leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser has a financial incentive to use leverage, which creates a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and common shareholders, as only the common shareholders would bear the fees and expenses incurred through the Fund’s use of leverage, including the issuance of Preferred Shares, if any. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors. See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

In addition, the Fund may engage in investment management techniques other than those noted above that may have similar effects as leverage, including, among others, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, futures contracts, call and put options (including options on futures contracts, swaps, bonds, stocks and indexes), swaps (including credit default, index, basis, total return, volatility and currency swaps), forward contracts, loans of portfolio securities, short sales, when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions and other derivative instruments. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically, though not at all times, and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, based on the Investment Adviser’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment, and the costs that the Fund would incur as a result of such leverage. There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize any form or combination of leverage.

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not incur indebtedness if, immediately after incurring such indebtedness, the Fund would have an asset coverage ratio (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 300% ( i.e. , the value of the Fund’s total assets less liabilities other than the principal amount represented by indebtedness must be at least 300% of the principal amount represented by indebtedness at the time of issuance). Additionally, the Fund generally may not declare any dividend or other distribution on the Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration and after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution, the Fund has an asset coverage ratio of 300%. The Fund may also utilize indebtedness in excess of such limit for temporary purposes such as the settlement of transactions.

The terms of any such indebtedness may impose specific restrictions as a condition to borrowing and may require the Fund to pay a fee to maintain a line of credit, such as a commitment fee, or to maintain minimum average balances with a lender in addition to the traditional interest expense on amounts borrowed. Any such requirements would increase the cost of such indebtedness over the stated interest rate. Such lenders would have the right to receive interest on and repayment of principal of any such indebtedness, which right will be senior to those of the common shareholders. If the Fund utilizes indebtedness, the common shareholders will bear the offering costs of the issuance of any indebtedness. In addition, the Fund expects that any credit facility that it enters into, or any notes that it issues, would contain provisions limiting certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to common shareholders in certain circumstances.

The use of leverage can create risks. Changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, including securities bought with the proceeds of leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of Common Shares. If there is a net decrease or increase in the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio, leverage will decrease or increase, as the

 

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case may be, the NAV per Common Share to a greater extent than if the Fund did not utilize leverage. A reduction in the Fund’s NAV, market price and distributions may cause a reduction in the market price of its shares. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Adviser for advisory services will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage, because the fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets, which includes the proceeds from leverage. The Fund’s leverage strategy may not be successful.

Certain types of leverage by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by one or more lenders or by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any short-term debt securities or Preferred Shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Adviser does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies if the Fund were to utilize leverage.

In addition, the Fund may invest in derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and economically similar transactions that have economic characteristics similar to leverage. To the extent the terms of such transactions obligate the Fund to make payments, the Fund intends to earmark or segregate cash or liquid securities to cover its obligations in accordance with applicable interpretations of the staff of the SEC. Such segregation or cover is intended to provide the Fund with available assets to satisfy its obligations under such transactions. As a result of such segregation or cover, the Fund’s obligations under such transactions will not be considered senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act, or included in calculating the aggregate amount of the Fund’s financial leverage. However, these transactions, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and will create risks. To the extent that the Fund’s obligations under such transactions are not so segregated or covered, such obligations may be considered “senior securities representing indebtedness” under the 1940 Act and therefore subject to asset coverage requirements.

The Fund’s willingness to utilize leverage, and the amount of leverage the Fund will assume, will depend on many factors, the most important of which are market conditions and interest rates. Successful use of a leveraging strategy may depend on the Fund’s ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements, and there is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. Any leveraging of the Common Shares cannot be achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies.

Effects of Leverage

Assuming that leverage will represent approximately 27.5% of the Fund’s Managed Assets and that the Fund will bear expenses relating to that leverage at an average annual rate of 1.25%, the income generated by the Fund’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed .34% in order to cover the expenses specifically related to the Fund’s use of leverage. Of course, these numbers are estimates used for illustration. Actual leverage expenses will vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above. The Fund expects that it will take up to six months for it to fully implement its intended amount of economic leverage.

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on common share total return, assuming hypothetical annual investment portfolio total returns, net of expenses (comprised of income and changes in the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further assumes that the Fund uses borrowings representing 27.5% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (as determined immediately after borrowing) and a projected annual rate of interest on the borrowings of 1.25%. See “Principal Risks of the Fund.”

 

Assumed Portfolio Total Return (net of expenses)

    (10.00 )%      (5.00 )%      0.00     5.00     10.00

Common Share Total Return

    (14.27 )%      (7.37 )%      (0.47 )%      6.42     13.32

 

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Common Share total return is composed of two elements: the Common Share net investment income of the Fund and appreciation or depreciation on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital depreciation than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0% the Fund must assume that the return it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments.

If the Fund uses leverage, the amount of fees paid to the Investment Adviser for its services will be higher than if the Fund does not use leverage, because the fees paid are calculated based on Managed Assets, which includes assets acquired with leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser has a financial incentive to use leverage, which creates a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and common shareholders, as only the common shareholders would bear the fees and expenses incurred through the Fund’s use of leverage. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors. See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

Preferred Shares

The Fund may leverage its portfolio by issuing Preferred Shares. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue Preferred Shares if, immediately after such issuance, the liquidation value of the Fund’s outstanding Preferred Shares exceeds 50% of its assets (including the proceeds from the issuance of the Preferred Shares) less liabilities other than borrowings ( i.e. , the value of the Fund’s assets must be at least 200% of the liquidation value of its outstanding Preferred Shares). In addition, the Fund would not be permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value. The Fund does not currently intend to issue Preferred Shares.

If Preferred Shares are issued, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem Preferred Shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain asset coverage of any Preferred Shares of at least 200%. The Fund expects that it will be subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for Preferred Shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines are expected to impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act which will require the redemption of the Preferred Shares in the event of non-compliance by the Fund and may also prohibit dividends and other distributions on the Common Shares in such circumstances. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Investment Adviser from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

In order to meet redemption requirements, the Fund may have to liquidate portfolio securities. Such liquidations and redemptions would cause the Fund to incur related transaction costs and could result in capital losses to the Fund. If the Fund has Preferred Shares outstanding, two of the Fund’s Trustees will be elected by the holders of Preferred Shares voting separately as a class. The remaining Trustees of the Fund will be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares voting together as a single class.

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND

Description of Shares

Common Shares

The Fund is an unincorporated statutory trust organized under the laws of Delaware pursuant to a Certificate of Trust dated as of July 7, 2014 and a Declaration of Trust dated as of August 14, 2014 (the “Declaration of Trust”). The Fund’s Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $.001 per share. If and whenever Preferred Shares are outstanding, the holders of Common Shares will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund unless all accrued dividends on Preferred Shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to Preferred Shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions and unless certain other requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating the Preferred Shares have been met. Subject to the rights of the holders of Preferred Shares, all Common Shares are equal as to dividends, assets and voting privileges and have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights.

Shareholders have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. Upon liquidation of the Fund, after paying or adequately providing for the payment of all liabilities of the Fund, including liquidation of Preferred Shares, if any, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining assets of the Fund among the holders of the Shares.

The Board of Trustees may classify or reclassify any issued or unissued Shares of the Fund into shares of any class by redesignating such Shares or by setting or changing in any one or more respects, from time to time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of repurchase of such Shares. Any such classification or reclassification will comply with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act. Any additional offerings of shares, including Preferred Shares, will require approval by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Any additional offering of Common Shares will be subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, which provides that shares may not be issued at a price below the then current NAV, exclusive of sales load, except in connection with an offering to existing holders of Common Shares or with the consent of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.

It is anticipated that the Common Shares will be approved for listing on the NYSE, under the symbol “GER.” NAV will be reduced immediately following the offering of Common Shares by the amount of the sales load and the amount of the offering expenses paid by the Fund. See “Fund Fees and Expenses.”

Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the exchange through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and during other periods have traded at prices lower than NAV. Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, NAV, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.

Preferred Shares

The Declaration of Trust provides that the Fund’s Board of Trustees may authorize and issue Preferred Shares with rights as determined by the Board of Trustees, by action of the Board of Trustees without the approval of the holders of the Common Shares. Holders of Common Shares have no preemptive right to purchase any Preferred Shares that might be issued. The Fund has no current intention to issue Preferred Shares.

 

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The Fund may elect to issue Preferred Shares as part of its leverage strategy. The Fund currently has the ability to issue leverage, which may include Preferred Shares, representing up to 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets immediately after the leverage is issued. Although the terms of any Preferred Shares, including dividend rate, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board of Trustees, subject to applicable law and the Declaration of Trust, it is likely that the Preferred Shares will be structured to carry a relatively short-term dividend rate reflecting interest rates on short-term bonds, by providing for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through an auction, remarketing or other procedure. The Fund also believes that it is likely that the liquidation preference, voting rights and redemption provisions of the Preferred Shares will be similar to those stated below. Please see “Shares of the Fund” in the SAI for more information.

Distributions

Over the long term, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of the Fund’s distributable cash flow received as cash distributions from MLPs, interest payments received on debt securities owned by the Fund and other payments on securities owned by the Fund, less Fund expenses. To permit the Fund to maintain more stable quarterly distributions, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular quarterly period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during the period, and the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio to make a distribution at a time when independent investment judgment might not dictate such action. The Fund currently anticipates making distributions to its shareholders each fiscal quarter out of legally available funds. The Fund expects to declare the initial quarterly dividend on the Fund’s Common Shares approximately 45 days after completion of this offering and to pay that initial quarterly dividend approximately 60 to 90 days after completion of this offering, depending on market conditions.

Due to the tax treatment under current law of cash distributions made by MLPs in which the Fund invests, the Fund may distribute cash in excess of its earnings and profits (as computed for tax purposes) to its common shareholders, which may be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes to the extent of the common shareholders’ bases in the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent that distributions to a common shareholder are treated as a return of capital, such shareholder’s basis in the Common Shares will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale of such shares. In some cases, all or a portion of a distribution that is treated as a return of capital for tax purposes could be a return of a shareholder’s investment from an economic perspective. For a more detailed discussion of the taxation of distributions made by the Fund, please see “Taxation—Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares—U.S. Shareholders—Receipt of Distributions.”

Pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, in the event the Fund makes a quarterly distribution from sources other than income, a notice will accompany the quarterly distribution with respect to the estimated source of the distribution made. Such notices will describe the portion, if any, of the quarterly dividend which, in the Fund’s good faith judgment, constitutes long-term capital gain, short-term capital gain, investment income or a return of capital. The actual character of such dividend distributions for U.S. federal income tax purposes, however, will only be determined finally by the Fund at the close of its fiscal year, based on the Fund’s full year performance and its actual net income and net capital gains for the year, which may result in a recharacterization of amounts distributed during such fiscal year from the characterization in the quarterly estimates.

Various factors will affect the level of the Fund’s income, including the asset mix, the amount of leverage utilized by the Fund and the effects thereof and the Fund’s use of hedging. The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its quarterly distributions at any time and may do so without prior notice to common shareholders.

Shareholders will automatically have all dividends and distributions reinvested in Common Shares of the Fund purchased in the open market in accordance with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan unless an election is made to receive cash. See “Additional Information About the Fund—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

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Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan for the Fund, dividends and/or distributions to a holder of Common Shares will automatically be reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Fund. Each registered shareholder may elect to have dividends and distributions distributed in cash ( i.e. , “opt-out”) rather than participate in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. For any registered shareholder that does not so elect (each, a “Participant” and collectively, “Participants”), dividends and/or distributions on such shareholder’s Common Shares will be reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Plan Agent”), as agent for shareholders in administering the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, in additional Common Shares, as set forth below. Participation in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan is completely voluntary, and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by Internet, telephone or notice if received and processed by the Plan Agent prior to the dividend record rate; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Participants who hold their Common Shares through a broker or other nominee and who wish to elect to receive any dividends and distributions in cash must contact their broker or nominee.

The Plan Agent will open an account for each holder of Common Shares under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan in the same name in which such holder of Common Shares is registered. Whenever the Fund declares a dividend or other distribution (together, a “Dividend”) payable in cash, non-participants in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan will receive cash and Participants will receive the equivalent in Common Shares. The Common Shares will be acquired by the Plan Agent for the Participants’ accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either through (i) receipt of additional unissued but authorized Common Shares from the Fund (“Newly Issued Common Shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding Common Shares on the open market (“Open-Market Purchases”) on the NYSE or elsewhere.

If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the net asset value (“NAV”) per Common Share is equal to or less than the closing market price plus estimated per share fees (which include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay) (such condition often referred to as a “premium”), the Plan Agent will invest the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares on behalf of the Participants. The number of Newly Issued Common Shares to be credited to each Participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the Dividend by the NAV per Common Share on the payment date; provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the closing market value on the payment date, the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the closing market price per Common Share on the payment date. If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the NAV per Common Share is greater than the closing market price per share plus per share fees (such condition referred to as a “market discount”), the Plan Agent will invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired on behalf of the Participants in Open-Market Purchases.

In the event of a market discount on the payment date for any Dividend, the Plan Agent (or Plan Agent’s broker) will have until the last business day before the next date on which the Common Shares trade on an “ex-dividend” basis or 30 days after the payment date for such Dividend, whichever is sooner (the “Last Purchase Date”), to invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired in Open-Market Purchases. Open-market purchases may be made on any securities exchange where Common Shares are traded, in the over-the-counter market or in negotiated transactions, and may be on such terms as to price, delivery and otherwise as the Plan Agent shall determine. It is contemplated that the Fund will pay quarterly Dividends. If, before the Plan Agent has completed its Open-Market Purchases, the market price per Common Share exceeds the NAV per Common Share, the average per Common Share purchase price paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the NAV of the Common Shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer Common Shares than if the Dividend had been paid in Newly Issued Common Shares on the Dividend payment date. Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to Open-Market Purchases, the Dividend Reinvestment Plan provides that if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full Dividend amount in Open-Market Purchases during the purchase period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Plan Agent may cease making Open-Market Purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares at the NAV per Common Share at the close of business on the Last Purchase Date provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the then current market price per Common Share; the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price on the payment date.

 

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The Plan Agent maintains all Participants’ accounts in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Participants for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Participant will be held by the Plan Agent on behalf of the Participant in book entry form in the Plan Agent’s name or the Plan Agent’s nominee. Each shareholder proxy will include those Common Shares purchased or received pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The Plan Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to Participants and vote proxies for Common Shares held under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan in accordance with the instructions of the Participants.

In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Dividend Reinvestment Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record shareholder and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

Any stock dividends or split of Common Shares distributed by the Fund on Common Shares held by the Plan Agent for Participants will be credited to their accounts. In the event that the Fund makes available to its stockholders rights to purchase additional Common Shares or other securities, the Common Shares held for each Participant under the Plan will be added to other Common Shares held by the Participant in calculating the number of rights to be issued to each Participant.

The Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends and distributions will be paid by the Fund. However, each Participant will pay a per Common Share (currently $.05) fee incurred in connection with Open Market Purchases. The automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve Participants of any Federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividend. If a Participant elects by telephone, Internet or written notice to the Plan Agent to have the Plan Agent sell all or a part of his or her Common Shares and remit the proceeds to the Participant, the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct a $15 sales fee per trade and a per share brokerage commission of $.12 from such proceeds. All per Common Share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay.

If a Participant elects by telephone, Internet or written notice to the Plan Agent to have the Plan Agent sell all or a part of his or her Common Shares and remit the proceeds to the Participant, the Plan Agent will process all sale instructions received no later than five (5) business days after the date on which the order is received. Such sale will be made through the Plan Agent’s broker on the relevant market and the sale price will not be determined until such time as the broker completes the sale. In each case, the price to each Participant shall be the weighted average sale price obtained by the Plan Agent’s broker net of fees for each aggregate order placed by the Plan Agent and executed by the broker. To maximize cost savings, the Plan Agent will seek to sell Common Shares in round lot transactions. For this purpose the Plan Agent may combine a Participant’s Common Shares with those of other selling Participants.

Each Participant may terminate his or her account under the Plan by so notifying the Plan Agent by telephone, through the Internet or in writing prior to the dividend record date. Such termination will be effective immediately if received by the Plan Agent prior to any dividend or distribution record date; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Upon any withdrawal or termination, the Plan Agent will cause to be delivered to each terminating Participant a statement of holdings for the appropriate number of the Fund’s whole book-entry Common Shares and a check for the cash adjustment of any fractional share at the market value per Common Share as of the close of business on the day the termination is effective less any applicable fee.

The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan upon notice in writing to each Participant at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the Fund. There is no direct service charge to Participants with regard to purchases in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Dividend Reinvestment Plan to include a service charge payable by the Participants. Notice will be sent to Participants of any amendments as soon as practicable after such action by the Fund.

 

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All correspondence from a registered owner of Common Shares concerning the Dividend Reinvestment Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent at Computershare Trust Company, N.A, P.O. Box 30170, College Station, TX 77842-3170, with overnight correspondence being directed to the Plan Agent at Computershare Trust Company, N.A, 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station, TX 77845. Participants who hold their Common Shares through a broker or other nominee should direct correspondence or questions concerning the Dividend Reinvestment Plan to their broker or nominee.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

The Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of the Board of Trustees. This could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund. The Board of Trustees is divided into three classes, with the terms of one class expiring at each annual meeting of shareholders. At each annual meeting, one class of Trustees is elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees. Any Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any time by a written instrument signed by at least a majority of the then Trustees, specifying the effective date of removal. Any Trustee may be removed at any meeting of the shareholders by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Outstanding Shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee.

In addition, the Fund’s Declaration of Trust requires the favorable vote of the majority of the entire Board of Trustees, and the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon to approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions, including: a merger or consolidation or share exchange of the Fund with or into any person or company; the issuance or transfer by the Fund of the Fund’s shares to any Principal Shareholder (as defined below) for cash, securities or other property (or combination thereof) having an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more (except as may be made pursuant to a public offering, the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan or upon exercise of any stock subscription rights); a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of Fund assets to or with any Principal Shareholder, having an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more (except in the ordinary course of business or in connection with a credit facility); the dissolution, liquidation or termination of the Fund; the issuance of any securities of the Fund to any Principal Shareholder for cash (except as part of an offering in which the Principal Shareholder has no special right to participate as compared to other holders of the same class of Shares, or investors at large); or any shareholder proposal regarding specific investment decisions made or to be made with respect to Fund assets. For purposes of these provisions, a “Principal Shareholder” refers to any corporation, person or other entity who, whether directly or indirectly and whether alone or together with its Affiliates and Associates (as defined in the Declaration of Trust), beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, so long as each action is approved by both a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees, and so long as all other conditions and requirements, if any, provided for in the By-Laws and applicable law have been satisfied, then except to the extent such shareholder vote or consent is required by the 1940 Act or other federal law or hereafter authorized by any agreement between the Fund and any national securities exchange, if any, no shareholder vote or consent shall be necessary or required to approve such transactions. Continuing Trustee shall mean any member of the Board of Trustees who either (a) has been a member of the Board of Trustees for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Trust’s operation, if less than thirty-six months) or (b) was nominated to serve as a member of the Board of Trustees by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board of Trustees.

For the purposes of calculating “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” under the Fund’s Declaration of Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund means the vote of (i) 67% or more of the Shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Shares of the Fund, whichever is less.

 

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The Board of Trustees has determined that provisions with respect to the Board of Trustees and the shareholder voting requirements described above, which voting requirements are generally greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, are in the best interests of shareholders generally. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

The Fund’s Bylaws generally require that advance notice be given to the Fund in the event a shareholder desires to nominate a person for election to the Board of Trustees or to transact any other business at an annual meeting of shareholders. Notice of any such nomination or business must be delivered to or received at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than 120 calendar days nor more than 150 calendar days prior to the first anniversary date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting (subject to certain exceptions). Any notice by a shareholder must be accompanied by certain information as provided in the Bylaws. Reference should be made to the Bylaws on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

Conversion to Open-End Fund

The Trustees may at any time propose conversion of the Fund to an open-end management investment company depending upon their judgment as to the advisability of such action in light of circumstances then prevailing. In considering whether to submit an open-ending proposal to shareholders, the Trustees might consider, among other factors, any differences in operating expenses between open-end and a closed-end fund like the Fund (due to the expenses of standing ready to effect redemptions), the potentially adverse tax consequences once a fund is open-ended (including the potential requirement to liquidate investments in MLPs to fund redemptions, which could result in the recognition of income to the Fund), the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio and the impact of open-ending on portfolio management policies. Approval of conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company requires the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. Such approval is in addition to any vote or consent of the shareholders otherwise required by law. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, so long as the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company is approved by both a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees, and so long as all other conditions and requirements, if any, provided for in the By-Laws and applicable law have been satisfied, then except to the extent such shareholder vote or consent is required by the 1940 Act or other federal law or hereafter authorized by any agreement between the Fund and any national securities exchange, if any, no shareholder vote or consent shall be necessary or required to approve the transaction.

Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their next computed NAV less any redemption charge as might be in effect at the time of redemption. If the Fund is converted to an open-end management investment company, it could be required to liquidate portfolio securities to meet requests for redemption. The Fund may have to limit its holdings of illiquid securities and the inflows and outflows of open-end fund shares may alter the options strategies that the Fund may use. If the Fund were to experience significant redemptions as an open-end fund, the decrease in total assets could result in a higher expense ratio and inefficiencies in portfolio management. In this regard, the Fund could reserve the right to effect redemptions in-kind with portfolio securities, which would subject redeeming shareholders to transaction costs in liquidating those securities. The Fund may also impose a redemption fee.

Closed-End Fund Structure

The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history (commonly referred to as a closed-end fund). Closed-end funds differ from open-end funds (which are generally referred to as mutual funds) in that closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a stock exchange and do not redeem their shares at the request of the shareholder. This means that if you wish to sell your shares of a closed-end fund you must trade them on the stock exchange like any other stock at the prevailing market price at that time. In a mutual fund, if the shareholder wishes to sell shares of the fund, the mutual fund will redeem or buy back the shares at NAV. Also, mutual funds generally offer new shares on a continuous basis to

 

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new investors, and closed-end funds generally do not. The continuous inflows and outflows of assets in a mutual fund can make it difficult to manage the Fund’s investments. By comparison, closed-end funds are generally able to stay more fully invested in securities that are consistent with their investment objectives, and also have greater flexibility to make certain types of investments, and to use certain investment strategies, such as financial leverage and investments in illiquid securities.

Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. Because of this possibility and the recognition that any such discount may not be in the interest of shareholders, the Board of Trustees might consider from time to time engaging in open-market repurchases, tender offers for shares or other programs intended to reduce the discount. We cannot guarantee or assure, however, that the Board of Trustees will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to NAV per share. See “Additional Information About the Fund—Repurchase of Common Shares,” below and “Shares of the Fund” in the SAI. The Board of Trustees might also consider converting the Fund to an open-end mutual fund, which would also require a vote of the shareholders of the Fund.

Repurchase of Common Shares

Shares of closed-end investment companies often trade at a discount to their NAV, and the Fund’s Common Shares may also trade at a discount to their NAV, although it is possible that they may trade at a premium above NAV. The market price of the Fund’s Common Shares will be determined by such factors as relative demand for and supply of such Common Shares in the market, the Fund’s NAV, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund. See “Net Asset Value” and “Additional Information About the Fund—Description of Shares.” Although the Fund’s common shareholders will not have the right to redeem their Common Shares, the Fund may take action to repurchase Common Shares in the open market or make tender offers for its Common Shares. This may have the effect of reducing any market discount from NAV.

There is no assurance that, if action is undertaken to repurchase or tender for Common Shares, such action will result in the Common Shares’ trading at a price which approximates their NAV. Although share repurchases and tenders could have a favorable effect on the market price of the Fund’s Common Shares, you should be aware that the acquisition of Common Shares by the Fund will decrease the capital of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio and decreasing the asset coverage with respect to any Preferred Shares outstanding. Any share repurchases or tender offers will be made in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the 1940 Act and the NYSE or other principal stock exchange on which the Common Shares are traded. For additional information, see “Shares of the Fund” in the SAI.

 

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NET ASSET VALUE

In accordance with procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, the NAV per Common Share of the Fund is calculated by subtracting the Fund’s liabilities (including accrued expenses, dividends payable and any borrowings of the Fund), and the liquidation value of any outstanding Preferred Shares of the Fund from the Fund’s total assets (the value of the securities the Fund holds plus cash or other assets, including interest accrued but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total number of Common Shares of the Fund outstanding.

All securities are valued on each Business Day as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally, but not always, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard time) or such other time as the NYSE or NASDAQ market may officially close. The term “Business Day” means any day the NYSE is open for trading, which is Monday through Friday except for holidays. The NYSE is closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (observed), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

Portfolio securities of the Fund for which market quotations are readily available are valued as follows: (i) securities listed on any U.S. or foreign stock exchange or on NYSE or NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price, or the official closing price, on the exchange or system in which they are principally traded on the valuation date. If there is no sale on the valuation day, securities traded will be valued at the closing bid price, or if a closing bid price is not available, at either the exchange or system-defined close price on the exchange or system in which such securities are principally traded. If the relevant exchange or system has not closed by the above-mentioned time for determining the Fund’s net asset value, the securities will be valued at the last sale price or official closing price, or if not available at the bid price at the time the net asset value is determined; (ii) over-the-counter securities not quoted on NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price on the valuation day or, if no sale occurs, at the last bid price at the time net asset value is determined; (iii) equity securities for which no prices are obtained under sections (i) or (ii) including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued at their fair value in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees; (iv) fixed income securities, with the exception of short term securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, will be valued using evaluated prices provided by a recognized pricing service ( e.g. , Interactive Data Corp., Reuters, etc.) or dealer-supplied quotations; (v) fixed income securities for which accurate market quotations are not readily available are valued by the Investment Adviser based on valuation models that take into account various factors such as spread and daily yield changes on government or other securities in the appropriate market ( i.e. matrix pricing); (vi) short-term fixed income securities with a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which the Trustees have determined to approximate fair value; (vii) investments in open-end registered investment companies (excluding investments in ETFs) are valued based on the NAV of those registered investment companies (which may use fair value pricing as discussed in their prospectus); and (viii) all other instruments, including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees.

The Fund is treated as a regular corporation, or “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the Corporate Tax Rate as well as state and local income taxes. In calculating the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will, among other things, account for its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances. The Fund may accrue a deferred income tax liability balance at the Corporate Tax Rate, plus an estimated state and local income tax rate, for its future tax liability associated with the capital appreciation of its investments and the distributions received by the Fund on equity securities of MLPs considered to be return of capital and for any net operating gains. Any deferred tax liability balance will reduce the Fund’s NAV. The Fund may also accrue a deferred tax asset balance, which reflects an estimate of the Fund’s future tax benefit associated with net operating losses and unrealized losses. Any deferred tax asset balance will increase the Fund’s NAV. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset balance, consideration is given as to whether or not a valuation allowance, which would offset the value of some or all of the deferred tax asset balance, is required. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by MLPs, which may not be provided to the Fund on a timely basis, to estimate the Fund’s current taxes and

 

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deferred tax liability and/or asset balances for purposes of financial statement reporting and determining its NAV. The daily estimate of the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances used to calculate the Fund’s NAV could vary dramatically from the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit, and, as a result, the determination of the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV. From time to time, the Fund may modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances as new information becomes available, which modifications in estimates or assumptions may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV.

 

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TAXATION

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in the Fund will be taxed. The tax information below is provided as general information. More tax information is available in the SAI. You should consult your tax advisor about the federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund. Except as otherwise noted, the tax information provided assumes that you are a U.S. Shareholder (as defined below).

Unless your investment is through an IRA or other tax-advantaged account, you should consider the possible tax consequence of Fund distributions and the sale of your Fund Shares.

Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters

The following is a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and investors in the Fund. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances or to investors who are subject to special rules, such as banks, thrift institutions and certain other financial institutions, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, insurance companies, brokers and dealers in securities or currencies, certain securities traders, S corporations, individual retirement accounts, certain tax-deferred accounts or foreign investors.

Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes that you are a U.S. Shareholder and that you hold Fund shares as capital assets. For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Shareholder” means a beneficial owner of the Fund’s shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S., (ii) a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created in or organized under the laws of the U.S. or any state of the U.S., (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust if (A) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (B) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should consult their own tax advisors.

The following discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations, judicial authorities, published positions of the IRS and other applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. Counsel to the Fund has not rendered any legal opinion regarding any tax consequences relating to the Fund or your investment in the Fund. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax information set out below.

Tax matters are complicated, and the tax consequences of an investment in and holding of the Fund’s shares will depend on the particular facts of each investor’s situation. You are advised to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the application to your own circumstances of the general federal income tax rules described below and with respect to other federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences to you before making an investment in the Fund’s shares.

Federal Income Taxation of the Fund.

Although the Internal Revenue Code generally provides that a regulated investment company does not pay an entity-level income tax, provided that it distributes all or substantially all of its income, the Fund does not meet current tests for qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code because of the fact that most or substantially all of the Fund’s investments will consist of investments in certain MLPs intended to be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. The regulated investment company tax rules therefore do not apply to the Fund or to its shareholders. As a result, the Fund is treated as a corporation for federal and state income tax purposes, and will pay federal and state income tax on its taxable income.

 

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The Fund invests primarily in MLPs, which generally are intended to be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. As a partner in the MLPs, the Fund must report its allocable share of the MLPs’ taxable income or loss in computing the Fund’s taxable income or loss, regardless of the extent (if any) to which the MLPs make distributions. Based upon a review of the historic results of the type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund expects that the cash flow received by the Fund with respect to its MLP investments will generally exceed the taxable income allocated to the Fund (and this excess generally will not be currently taxable to the Fund but, rather, will result in a reduction of the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in each MLP as described in the following paragraph). This is the result of a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions, such as accelerated depreciation. Past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results and there is no assurance that the Fund’s expectation regarding the tax character of MLP distributions will be realized. If this expectation is not realized and cash distributions are less than the taxable income allocated to the Fund, there may be greater tax expense borne by the Fund and less cash available to distribute to shareholders or to pay to expenses.

The Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate income tax rates on the Fund’s share of any taxable income from the investment in MLPs or other securities (including taxable dividend income the Fund receives with respect to investments in entities classified as “C” corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and on gain recognized by the Fund on the sale of any of its investments. As explained above, cash distributions from an MLP to the Fund that exceed the Fund’s allocable share of such MLP’s net taxable income will reduce the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the equity securities of the MLP. These reductions in the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the MLP equity securities will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) recognized by the Fund on a subsequent sale of the securities of an MLP.

The Fund’s allocable share of certain percentage depletion deductions and intangible drilling costs of the MLPs in which the Fund invests may be treated as items of tax preference for purposes of calculating the Fund’s alternative minimum taxable income. Such items may increase the Fund’s alternative minimum taxable income and increase the likelihood that the Fund may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.

Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares—U.S. Shareholders

Receipt of Distributions.

Distributions made to you by the Fund will generally constitute taxable dividends to the extent of your allocable share of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as calculated for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a corporation’s earnings and profits are computed based upon taxable income, with certain specified adjustments. As explained above, based upon the historic performance of the types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund anticipates that the distributed cash from the MLPs generally will exceed the Fund’s share of the MLPs’ taxable income. Consequently, the Fund anticipates that only a portion of the Fund’s distributions will be treated as dividend income to you. However, there can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized. If these expectations are not realized, a greater portion of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. To the extent that distributions to you exceed your allocable share of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, your basis in the Fund’s shares with respect to which the distribution is made will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale or redemption of such shares. To the extent you hold such shares as a capital asset and have no further basis in the shares to offset the distribution, you will report the excess as capital gain.

Because the Fund will invest a substantial portion of its assets in MLPs, special rules will apply to the calculation of the Fund’s earnings and profits. For example, the Fund’s earnings and profits will be calculated using the straight-line depreciation method rather than the accelerated depreciation method. This difference in treatment may, for example, result in the Fund’s earnings and profits being higher than the Fund’s taxable income in a particular year if the MLPs in which the Fund invests calculate their income using accelerated depreciation. Because of these differences, the Fund may make distributions in a particular year out of earnings and profits (treated as dividends) in excess of the amount of the Fund’s taxable income for such year.

 

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Distributions to you from the Fund treated as dividends under the foregoing rules generally will be taxable as ordinary income to you but are generally expected to be treated as “qualified dividend income” to eligible taxpayers. Qualified dividend income received by individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is taxed at long-term capital gain rates, which currently reach a maximum of 15%, or, for certain high income individuals, 20%. For a dividend to constitute qualified dividend income, the shareholder generally must hold the shares paying the dividend for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date, although a longer period may apply if the shareholder engages in certain risk reduction transactions with respect to the common stock.

In addition to constituting qualified dividend income to noncorporate investors, such dividends are expected to be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders of the Fund under Section 243 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, corporate shareholders of the Fund should be aware that certain limitations apply to the availability of the dividends received deduction, including rules which limit the deduction in cases where (i) certain holding period requirements are not met, (ii) a corporate shareholder of the Fund is obligated ( e.g. , pursuant to a short sale) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (iii) the corporate shareholder’s investment in shares of the Fund is financed with indebtedness. Corporate shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of these limitations to their particular situations.

If you participate in the Fund’s automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan, upon the Fund’s payment of a dividend to you, you will be treated for federal income tax purposes as receiving a taxable distribution from the Fund in an amount equal to (i) if newly issued shares are issued under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the fair market value of the shares issued to you under the plan or (ii) if reinvestment is made through open-market purchases under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the amount of cash allocated to the shareholder for the purchase of shares on its behalf on the open market. The portion of such a distribution that is treated as dividend income will be determined under the rules described above.

Sales of Shares.

Upon a sale of your shares to a third party, you generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the cost of your shares and the amount you receive when you sell them. Any such capital gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for more than one year at the time of disposition. Long-term capital gains of noncorporate shareholders of the Fund (including individuals) are currently subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15%, or, for certain high income individuals, 20%. The deductibility of capital losses for both corporate and non-corporate shareholders of the Fund is subject to limitations under the Internal Revenue Code.

Investment by Tax-Exempt Investors and Regulated Investment Companies.

Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from federal income tax, including individual retirement accounts and other retirement plans, are subject to federal income tax on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. Because the Fund is a corporation for federal income tax purposes, an owner of the Fund’s shares will not report on its federal income tax return any items of income, gain, loss and deduction that are allocated to the Fund from the MLPs in which the Fund invests. Moreover, dividend income from, and gain from the sale of, corporate stock generally does not constitute UBTI unless the corporate stock is debt-financed. Therefore, a tax-exempt investor will not have UBTI attributable to its ownership, sale, or the redemption of the Fund’s shares unless its ownership is debt-financed. In general, shares are considered to be debt-financed if the tax-exempt owner of the shares incurred debt to acquire the shares or otherwise incurred a debt that would not have been incurred if the shares had not been acquired. Similarly, the income and gain realized from an investment in the Fund’s shares by an investor that is a regulated investment company will constitute qualifying income for the regulated investment company.

 

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Foreign, State and Local Taxes.

It is possible that the Fund may be liable for foreign, state and local taxes payable in the country, state or locality in which it is a resident or doing business or in a country, state or locality in which an MLP in which the Fund invests conducts or is deemed to conduct business. In addition, the Fund may be subject to foreign taxes on its income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from foreign securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases.

Medicare Tax.

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceed certain threshold amounts.

Cost Basis Reporting.

Recent legislation requires reporting of adjusted cost basis information for covered securities, which generally include shares of a C corporation such as the Fund, to the Internal Revenue Service and to taxpayers. Shareholders should contact their financial intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.

You should consult your own tax advisor about federal, state and local tax consequences in light of your particular tax situation.

Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares—Non-U.S. Shareholders

For purposes of this summary, the term “Non-U.S. Shareholder” means a beneficial owner of the Fund’s shares that is not a U.S. Shareholder.

Dividends to Non-U.S. Shareholders generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the dividends are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder.

Any capital gain realized by a Non-U.S. Shareholder upon a sale of shares of the Fund will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met or (ii) the Fund is or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined below, at any time within the five-year period preceding the date of disposition of the Fund’s shares or, if shorter, within the period during which the Non-U.S. Shareholder has held the Common Shares. Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding corporation if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations, equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. The Fund may be, or may prior to a Non-U.S. Shareholder’s disposition of shares become, a U.S. real property holding corporation. If the Fund is or becomes a U.S. real property holding corporation, so long as the Fund’s Common Shares are regularly traded on an established securities market (such as the NYSE), only a Non-U.S. Shareholder who holds or held (at any time during the shorter of the five year period preceding the date of disposition or the holder’s holding period) more than 5% (directly or indirectly as determined under applicable attribution rules of the Code) of the Fund’s Common Shares will be subject to United States federal income tax on the disposition of Common Shares.

Any Non-U.S. Shareholder who is described in one of the foregoing cases is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the redemption, sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of the Fund.

 

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Non-U.S. shareholders of the Fund may also be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their shares of the Fund.

Effective July 1, 2014, the Fund will be required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends and (effective January 1, 2017) redemption proceeds made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.

Each Non-U.S. Shareholder should consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of the Fund’s shares and receipt of distributions from the Fund.

Backup Withholding

Federal regulations generally require the Fund to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a “backup withholding” tax with respect to dividends and the proceeds of any redemption paid to you if you fail to furnish the Fund or the Fund’s paying agent with a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-9, W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or other applicable form. Furthermore, the Service may notify the Fund to institute backup withholding if the Service determines that your TIN is incorrect or if you have failed to properly report taxable dividends or interest on a federal tax return. A TIN is either the Social Security number or employer identification number of the record owner of the account. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account and may be claimed as a credit on the record owner’s federal income tax return. The backup withholding rate is currently 28%.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the Fund’s underwriting agreement dated September     , 2014 each underwriter named below, for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. are acting as representatives, has severally agreed to purchase, and the Fund has agreed to sell to such underwriter, the number of Common Shares set forth opposite the name of such underwriter.

 

Underwriter    Number
of Shares

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
                 Incorporated

  

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

  

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

  

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

  

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

  

Barclays Capital Inc.

  

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.

  

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

  

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

  

BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC

  

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated

  

J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC

  

Janney Montgomery Scott LLC

  

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

  

Maxim Group LLC

  

Newbridge Securities Corporation

  

Pershing LLC

  

Southwest Securities, Inc.

  

J.P. Turner & Company, L.L.C.

  

Wedbush Securities Inc.

  

Wunderlich Securities, Inc.

  
  

 

Total

  
  

 

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the Common Shares included in this offering are subject to approval of certain legal matters by counsel and certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated, severally and not jointly, to purchase all the Common Shares sold under the underwriting agreement if any of the Common Shares are purchased.

In the underwriting agreement, the Fund and the Investment Adviser have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make for any of these liabilities.

Commissions and Discounts

The underwriters propose to initially offer some of the Common Shares directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and some of the Common Shares to certain dealers at the public offering price less a concession not in excess of $.60 per Common Share. The sales load investors in the Fund will pay of $.90 per Common Share is equal to 4.5% of the initial offering price. After the initial public offering the concession and discount may be changed. Investors must pay for any Common Shares purchased on or before    , 2014.

 

118


The following table shows the public offering price, estimated offering expenses, sales load and proceeds, to the Fund. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional Common Shares.

 

     Per Share      Without Option      With Option  

Public offering price

   $ 20.00       $         $     

Sales load

     $.90       $         $     

Estimated offering expenses

     $.04       $         $     

Proceeds, after expenses, to the Fund

   $ 19.06       $         $     

The fees described below under “—Other Relationships,” other than fees paid to, and out-of-pocket expenses incurred by, certain registered personnel of Goldman Sachs that are reimbursed by the Fund as described below, are not reimbursable to the Investment Adviser by the Fund, and therefore are not reflected in expenses payable by the Fund in the table above.

The expenses of the offering are estimated at $.04 per Common Share and are payable by the Fund. Offering expenses paid by the Fund may include reimbursement to the Investment Adviser or its affiliates for expenses incurred in connection with the offering. The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay (i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and (ii) the offering expenses of the Fund (other than the sales load) that exceed $.04 per Common Share.

At the Fund’s request, the underwriters (including Goldman Sachs) will make available Common Shares for sale in this offering to certain portfolio managers at the offering price of $20.00 per Common Share.

Option to Purchase Additional Common Shares

The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to additional Common Shares at the public offering price, less the sales load, within 45 days from the date of this prospectus. If the underwriters exercise this option to purchase additional Common Shares, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, to purchase a number of additional Common Shares proportionate to that underwriter’s initial amount set forth in the table above.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

Until the distribution of the Common Shares is complete, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing Common Shares. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the Common Shares, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.

If the underwriters create a short position in the Common Shares in connection with the offering ( i.e ., if they sell more Common Shares than are listed on the cover of this prospectus), the representatives may reduce that short position by purchasing Common Shares in the open market. The representatives may also elect to reduce any short position by exercising all or part of the option to purchase Common Shares described above. The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers in respect of the Common Shares sold in this offering for their account may be reclaimed by the syndicate if such Common Shares are repurchased by the syndicate in stabilizing or covering transactions. Purchases of the Common Shares to stabilize their price or to reduce a short position may cause the price of the Common Shares to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases.

Neither the Fund nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the Common Shares. In addition, neither the Fund nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

 

119


The Fund has agreed not to offer or sell any additional Common Shares for a period of 180 days after the date of the underwriting agreement without the prior written consent of the underwriters, except for the sale of the Common Shares to the underwriters pursuant to the underwriting agreement.

The Common Shares will be sold so as to ensure that the NYSE distribution standards ( i.e ., round lots, public shares and aggregate market value) will be met.

Other Relationships

The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from its own assets to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated a structuring fee for advice relating to the design and organization of the Fund as well as for services related to the sale and distribution of the Common Shares in an amount equal to 1.25% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering. The total amount of these structuring fee payments to will not exceed 1.25% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) may also pay certain qualifying underwriters, including those named below, a structuring fee, a sales incentive fee or additional compensation in connection with the offering. The total amounts of these payments paid to any such qualifying underwriter will not exceed 1.5% of the total price of the Common Shares sold by that underwriter in this offering.

The Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay to each of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. from its own assets, a structuring fee for advice relating to the structure, design and organization of the Fund as well as services related to the sale and distribution of the Common Shares in the amount of $             , $            , $             and $            , respectively. If the option to purchase additional Common Shares is not exercised, the structuring fee paid to Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. will not exceed             %,              %,             % and             %, respectively, of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

As part of the Fund’s payment of the Fund’s offering expenses, the Fund has agreed to pay expenses related to the fees and disbursements of counsel to the underwriters, in an amount equal to $20,000 in the aggregate, in connection with, the review by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. of the terms of the sale of the Common Shares.

The sum total of all compensation to the underwriters in connection with this offering of the Common Shares will not exceed in the aggregate 9% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

Certain of the underwriters also have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of the Fund, including the Investment Adviser.

The Fund anticipates that certain underwriters may from time to time act as brokers or dealers in connection with the execution of the Fund’s portfolio transactions after they have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, may act as brokers while they are underwriters.

The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay compensation to, and reimburse the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by, certain registered personnel of Goldman Sachs (a broker-dealer affiliate of GSAM) who participate as wholesalers in the marketing of the Common Shares. The Fund will reimburse the Investment Adviser for these fees and reimbursements, but only to the extent that such fees and reimbursements when added to all other Fund offering expenses (other than the sales load) do not exceed $.04 per Common Share. The compensation and reimbursable expenses to Goldman Sachs will not exceed                     % of the total public offering price of the Common Shares.

The principal business address of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is One Bryant Park, New York, New York 10036. The principal business address of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. The principal business address of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is 550 South Tryon

 

120


Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202. The principal business address of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. is 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Dechert LLP, New York, New York and for the underwriters by Clifford Chance US LLP, New York, New York.

CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

The Fund’s portfolio securities are held pursuant to a custodian agreement between the Fund and State Street. Under the custodian agreement, State Street performs custody, foreign custody manager and fund accounting services.

Computershare serves as the Fund’s transfer agent, registrar and Plan Agent with respect to the Common Shares.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund and will audit the Fund’s financial statements.

 

121


APPENDIX A

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Introduction

     1   

Investment Objective and Policies

     1   

Description of Investment Securities and Practices

     3   

Investment Restrictions

     30   

Trustees and Officers

     31   

Management Services

     40   

Potential Conflicts of Interest

     46   

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage

     53   

Shares of the Fund

     54   

Net Asset Value

     56   

Repurchase of Shares

     58   

Taxation

     60   

Proxy Voting

     63   

Other Information

     65   

Financial Statements

     65   

Appendix A Description of Securities Ratings

     A-1   

 

A-1


 

 

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 

 

 


 

 

 

Through and including                    , 2014 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

                     Shares

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

Common Shares

$20.00 per Share

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

BofA Merrill Lynch

Morgan Stanley

Wells Fargo Securities

Citigroup

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Barclays

Oppenheimer & Co.

RBC Capital Markets

Stifel

BB&T Capital Markets

Baird

J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC

Janney Montgomery Scott

Ladenburg Thalmann

Maxim Group LLC

Newbridge Securities Corporation

Pershing LLC

Southwest Securities

J.P. Turner & Company, L.L.C.

Wedbush Securities Inc.

Wunderlich Securities

            , 2014

 

 

 


The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, Dated August 26, 2014

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI describes the Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”). This SAI should be read in conjunction with the prospectus for common shares of the beneficial interest of the Fund (“Common Shares”), dated                 , 2014, as it may be further amended and/or supplemented (the “Prospectus”). The Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling the telephone number or writing to one of the addresses listed below.

The Fund’s Prospectus and annual report (when available) may be obtained at the Fund’s website: http://www.gsamfunds.com

GSAM ® is a registered service mark of Goldman, Sachs & Co.

This Statement of Additional Information is dated     , 2014.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

INTRODUCTION

     1   

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES

     1   

DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND PRACTICES

     3   

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

     30   

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

     31   

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

     40   

POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

     46   

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

     53   

SHARES OF THE FUND

     54   

NET ASSET VALUE

     56   

REPURCHASE OF SHARES

     58   

TAXATION

     60   

PROXY VOTING

     63   

OTHER INFORMATION

     65   

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     65   

APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

     A-1   


INTRODUCTION

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and was established by the Certificate of Trust dated July 7, 2014.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”), an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“Goldman Sachs”), serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. GSAM is referred to herein as the “Investment Adviser” or “GSAM.” In addition, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc. (“Computershare”) serves as the Fund’s Transfer and Plan Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as custodian for the Fund.

The following information relates to and supplements the description of the Fund’s investment objective and policies contained in the Prospectus. See the Prospectus for a more complete description of the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Investing in the Fund entails certain risks and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES

The Fund has a distinct investment objective and policies. The investment objective and policies of the Fund, and the associated risks of the Fund, are discussed in the Fund’s Prospectus, which should be read carefully before an investment is made. All investment objectives and investment policies not specifically designated as fundamental may be changed without shareholder approval. Additional information about the Fund, its policies, and the investment instruments it may hold is provided below. The Fund seeks a high level of total return with an emphasis on current distributions to shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined herein) in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and other energy investments. The Fund’s MLP investments may include, but are not limited to, MLPs structured as limited partnerships (“LPs”) or limited liability companies (“LLCs”); MLPs that are organized as LPs or LLCs, but taxed as “C” corporations; equity securities that represent an indirect interest in an MLP issued by an MLP affiliate, including institutional units (“I-Units”) and MLP general partner or managing member interests; “C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs; MLP equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP convertible subordinated units and MLP preferred units; private investments in public equities (“PIPEs”) issued by MLPs; MLP debt securities; and other U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that provide exposure to the MLP market, including pooled investment vehicles that primarily hold MLP interests and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). The Fund’s other energy investments may include equity and fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies other than MLPs that (i) are classified by a third party as operating within the oil and gas storage, transportation, refining, marketing, drilling, exploration or production sub-industries or (ii) have at least 50% of their assets, income, sales or profits committed to, or derived from, the exploration, development, production, gathering, transportation (including marine), transmission, terminal operation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products, coal, electricity or other energy sources, energy-related equipment or services. The Fund’s MLP and other energy investments may also include companies that engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel. The Fund may invest in shares of initial public offerings (“IPOs”), secondary market issuances and private transactions (including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and investments in private companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more than 30% of its Managed Assets in other energy investments.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed income securities and derivative instruments that are not MLP or other energy investments. Such issuers may be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, may not offer the tax benefits if MLP investments described in the Prospectus.

The Fund currently expects to concentrate its investments in the energy sector, with an emphasis on midstream MLP investments. The Fund will invest in investments across the energy value chain, including upstream, midstream and downstream investments. At various times, the Fund may be more heavily invested in one segment


of the energy value chain over another, and may not always be invested in all three segments, depending on market conditions. Midstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the treatment, gathering, compression, processing, transportation, transmission, fractionation, storage and terminalling of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal. Midstream MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses including marketing of energy products and logistical services. Upstream MLP investments include companies that are engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. An upstream MLP’s cash flow and distributions are driven by the amount of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil produced and the demand for and price of such commodities. Downstream MLP investments include companies that are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil, marketing and other “end-customer” distribution activities relating to refined energy sources. The Fund’s MLP investments may be of any capitalization size.

“Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).

The Fund may also invest in securities and other instruments issued by income and royalty trusts and other issuers.

MLPs formed as LPs or LLCs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs are generally publicly traded, are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and must make public filings like any publicly traded entity. The Fund may also invest in privately placed securities of publicly traded MLPs.

The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, unlike most investment companies, is subject to federal and applicable state corporate income tax to the extent the Fund recognizes taxable income. Given the Fund’s concentration in MLPs, the Fund is not eligible to be treated as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest historically have made cash distributions to limited partners or members that exceed the amount of taxable income allocable to limited partners or members, due to a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions such as depreciation and depletion. If the cash distributions exceed the taxable income reported in a particular tax year, the excess cash distributions would not be taxed as income to the Fund in that tax year but rather would be treated as a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Fund’s basis in its MLP units. Similarly, the Fund may distribute cash in excess of its earnings and profits (as computed for tax purposes) to its holders of Common Shares (“common shareholders”), which may be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes to the extent of the common shareholders’ bases in the Fund’s Common Shares. However, there can be no assurance in this regard. If these expectations are not realized, the Fund will have more corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in less cash available to distribute to its common shareholders. Additionally, a greater portion of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. See “Taxation”.

The Investment Adviser utilizes first-hand fundamental research, including visiting company facilities to assess operations and to meet decision-makers, in choosing the Fund’s securities. The Investment Adviser may also use macro analysis of numerous economic and valuation variables to anticipate changes in company earnings and the overall investment climate. The Investment Adviser is able to draw on the research and market expertise of the Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Department and other affiliates of the Investment Adviser, as well as information provided by other securities dealers. Equity investments in the Fund’s portfolio will generally be sold when the Investment Adviser believes that the market price fully reflects or exceeds the investments’ fundamental valuation or when other more attractive investments are identified.

 

2


The Fund’s share price will fluctuate with market, economic and, to the extent applicable, foreign exchange conditions. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. Additional information about the Fund, its policies and the investment instruments it may hold is provided below.

DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND PRACTICES

Master Limited Partnerships

A MLP is an entity generally receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code, and whose interests or “units” are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies. The general partner manages the partnership; has an ownership stake in the partnership; and is typically eligible to receive an incentive distribution. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, have a limited (if any) role in the operation and management of the partnership, and receive cash distributions. Due to their partnership structure, MLPs generally do not pay income taxes.

Holders of MLP units could potentially become subject to liability for all of the obligations of an MLP, if a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state.

To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources, including activities such as the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. Many of the MLPs in which the Fund invests operate oil, gas or petroleum facilities, or other facilities within the energy sector.

The Fund intends to concentrate its investments in the energy sector, with a focus on “midstream” MLPs. Midstream MLPs are generally engaged in the treatment, gathering, compression, processing, transportation, transmission, fractionation, storage and terminalling of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products or coal. Midstream MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses including marketing of energy products and logistical services. The Fund may also invest in “upstream” and “downstream” MLPs. Upstream MLPs are primarily engaged in the exploration, recovery, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. Downstream MLPs are primarily engaged in the processing, treatment, and refining of natural gas liquids and crude oil. The MLPs in which the Fund invests may also engage in owning, managing and transporting alternative energy assets, including alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen and biodiesel.

MLPs Structured as Limited Liability Companies

Some energy companies in which the Fund may invest have been organized as limited liability companies (“MLP LLCs”). Such MLP LLCs are treated in the same manner as MLPs organized as LPs for federal income tax purposes. Consistent with its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in common units or other securities of such MLP LLCs. MLP LLC common units represent an equity ownership interest in an MLP LLC, entitling the holders to a share of the MLP LLC’s success through distributions and/or capital appreciation. Similar to MLPs, MLP LLCs typically do not pay federal income tax at the entity level and are required by their operating agreements to distribute a large percentage of their current operating earnings. MLP LLC common unitholders generally have first right to a minimum quarterly distribution (“MQD”) prior to distributions to subordinated unitholders and typically have arrearage rights if the MQD is not met. In the event of liquidation, MLP LLC common unitholders have first right to the MLP LLC’s remaining assets after bondholders, other debt holders and preferred unitholders, if any, have been paid in full. MLP LLC common units trade on a national securities exchange or OTC. In contrast to MLPs, MLP LLCs have no general partner and there are generally no incentives that entitle management or other unitholders to increased percentages of cash distributions as distributions reach higher target levels. In addition, MLP LLC common unitholders typically have voting rights with respect to the MLP LLC, whereas MLP common units have limited voting rights.

 

3


MLPs Taxed as “C” Corporations

Some MLPs are organized as LPs or LLCs, but are taxed as “C” corporations that are subject to corporate income tax to the extent they recognize taxable income and are subject to U.S. federal income tax on their taxable income at the graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%) as well as state and local income taxes. Investments in MLPs that are taxed as “C” corporations may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of investments in other MLP units.

MLP Affiliates and I-Units

The Fund may invest in equity and debt securities issued by affiliates of MLPs, including the general partners or managing members of MLPs and companies that own MLP general partner interests and are energy companies. Such issuers may be organized and/or taxed as corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax characteristics of MLP units. The Fund may purchase such other MLP equity securities through market transactions, but may also do so through direct placements.

I-Units. I-Units represent an indirect ownership interest in an MLP and are issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Units to purchase limited partnership interests in its affiliated MLP. Thus, I-Units represent an indirect interest in an MLP. I-Units have limited voting rights and are similar in that respect to MLP common units. I-Units differ from MLP common units primarily in that instead of receiving cash distributions, holders of I-Units will receive distributions of additional I-Units in an amount equal to the cash distributions received by common unit holders. I-Units are traded on the NYSE. Issuers of MLP I-Units are treated as corporations and not partnerships for tax purposes.

MLP General Partner or Managing Member Interests. The general partner or managing member interest in an MLP is typically retained by the original sponsors of an MLP, such as its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets to the MLP. The holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner or managing member. General partner or managing member interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and in many cases control over the operations of, the MLP. General partner or managing member interests can be privately held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or managing member interests typically receive incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”), which provide them with an increasing share of the entity’s aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. Incentive distributions to a general partner are designed to encourage the general partner, which controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners. Due to the IDRs, general partners of MLPs have higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the MLP’s quarterly distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the general partner or managing member without cause is typically very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of IDRs to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in the reset.

MLP Equity Securities

Equity securities issued by MLPs generally consist of common units, subordinated units and preferred units, as described more fully below.

MLP Common Units. The common units of many MLPs are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (“NYSE”) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (“NASDAQ”). The Fund will purchase such common units through open market transactions and underwritten offerings, but may also acquire common units through direct placements and privately negotiated transactions or PIPEs. Holders of MLP common units typically have very limited control and voting rights. Holders of such common units are typically entitled to receive a MQD from the issuer, and typically have a right, to the extent that an MLP fails to make a previous MQD, to recover in future distributions the amount by which the MQD was short (“arrearage rights”). Generally, an MLP must pay (or set aside for payment) the MQD to holders of common units before any distributions may be paid to subordinated unit holders. In addition, incentive

 

4


distributions are typically not paid to the general partner or managing member unless the quarterly distributions on the common units exceed specified threshold levels above the MQD. In the event of a liquidation, common unit holders are intended to have a preference with respect to the remaining assets of the issuer over holders of subordinated units. MLPs issue different classes of common units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of common units.

MLP Subordinated Units. Subordinated units, which, like common units, represent limited partner or member interests, are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase outstanding subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with holders of such units or newly issued subordinated units directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD and any arrearages from prior quarters have been paid to holders of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have the right to receive distributions before any incentive distributions are payable to the general partner or managing member. Subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage rights. Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common units after the passage of a specified period of time or upon the achievement by the issuer of specified financial goals. MLPs issue different classes of subordinated units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of subordinated units.

MLP Convertible Subordinated Units. MLP convertible subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to MLPs, and institutional investors. Convertible subordinated units increase the likelihood that, during the subordination period, there will be available cash to be distributed to common unitholders. MLP convertible subordinated units generally are not entitled to distributions until holders of common units have received their specified MQD, plus any arrearages, and may receive less than common unitholders in distributions upon liquidation. Convertible subordinated unitholders generally are entitled to the MQD prior to the payment of incentive distributions to the general partner, but are not entitled to arrearage rights. Therefore, MLP convertible subordinated units generally entail greater risk than MLP common units. Convertible subordinated units are generally convertible automatically into senior common units of the same issuer at a one-to-one ratio upon the passage of time or the satisfaction of certain financial tests. Convertible subordinated units do not trade on a national exchange or over-the-counter (“OTC”), and there is no active market for them. The value of a convertible subordinated unit is a function of its worth if converted into the underlying common units. Convertible subordinated units generally have similar voting rights as do MLP common units. Distributions may be paid in cash or in-kind.

MLP Preferred Units. MLP preferred units are not typically listed or traded on an exchange. The Fund may purchase MLP preferred units through negotiated transactions directly with MLPs, affiliates of MLPs and institutional holders of such units. Holders of MLP preferred units can be entitled to a wide range of voting and other rights, depending on the structure of each separate security. In most cases, holders of preferred units are entitled to receive distributions before distributions are made to common unitholders that are either equal to the MQD, or set at a fixed rate that is above the MLP’s current distribution. Preferred units are senior in the capital structure to common units, but are subordinate to debt holders.

MLP Debt Securities

Debt securities issued by MLPs may include those rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in below investment grade debt securities. The Fund may invest in MLP debt securities without regard to credit quality or maturity. Investments in such securities may not offer the tax characteristics of equity securities of MLPs.

“C” Corporations with Predominant Assets in MLP Interests

“C” corporations whose predominant assets are interests in MLPs must pay entity-level corporate taxes, and their shareholders are also subject to taxes on any dividends received. Investors in such “C” corporations have voting rights while, by contrast, unitholders of MLPs are “limited partners” and have no role in the organizations’ operations or management.

 

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Non-MLP Equity Securities

The Fund may invest in equity securities, including common or ordinary stocks, American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), preferred stock, convertible securities, investment companies (including other mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)), and rights and warrants.

Non-MLP Debt Securities

The Fund may invest in debt securities of other issuers, including debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality). These securities are commonly called “high yield” or “junk” bonds. The Fund may invest in debt securities without regard for their maturity.

Greenfield Projects

Greenfield projects are energy-related projects built by private joint ventures formed by energy companies. Greenfield projects may include the creation of a new pipeline, processing plant or storage facility or other energy infrastructure asset that is integrated with the company’s existing assets. The Fund may invest in the equity of greenfield projects and also may invest in the secured debt of greenfield projects. However, an investment also may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until construction is completed, at which time interest payments or dividends would be paid in cash. The Investment Adviser believes that this niche leverages the organizational and operating expertise of large, publicly traded companies and provides the Fund with the opportunity to earn higher returns. Greenfield projects involve less investment risk than typical private equity financing arrangements. The primary risk involved with greenfield projects is execution risk or construction risk. Changing project requirements, elevated costs for labor and materials, and unexpected construction hurdles all can increase construction costs. Financing risk exists should changes in construction costs or financial markets occur. Regulatory risk exists should changes in regulation occur during construction or the necessary permits are not secured prior to beginning construction.

Income Trusts

The Fund may invest in income trusts, including business trusts and royalty trusts. Income trusts are operating businesses that have been put into a trust. They pay out the bulk of their free cash flow to unit holders. The businesses that are sold into these trusts are usually mature and stable income-producing companies that lend themselves to fixed (monthly or quarterly) distributions. These trusts are regarded as equity investments with fixed-income attributes or high-yield debt with no fixed maturity date. These trusts typically offer regular income payments and a significant premium yield compared to other types of fixed income investments.

Business Trusts. A business trust is an income trust where the principal business of the underlying corporation or other entity is in the manufacturing, service or general industrial sectors. It is anticipated that the number of businesses constituted or reorganized as business trusts will increase significantly in the future. Conversion to the income trust structure is attractive to many existing mature businesses with relatively high, stable cash flows and low capital expenditure requirements, due to tax efficiency and investor demand for high-yielding equity securities. One of the primary attractions of business trusts, in addition to their relatively high yield, is their ability to enhance diversification in the portfolio as they cover a broad range of industries and geographies, including public refrigerated warehousing, mining, coal distribution, sugar distribution, forest products, retail sales, food sales and processing, chemical recovery and processing, data processing, gas marketing and check printing. Each business represented is typically characterized by long life assets or businesses that have exhibited a high degree of stability. Investments in business trusts are subject to various risks, including risks related to the underlying operating companies controlled by such trusts. These risks may include lack of or limited operating histories and increased susceptibility to interest rate risks.

Royalty Trusts. A royalty trust typically controls an operating company which purchases oil and gas properties using the trust’s capital. The royalty trust then receives royalties and/or interest payments from its operating company, and distributes them as income to its unit holders. Units of the royalty trust represent an economic interest in the underlying assets of the trust.

 

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The Fund may invest in royalty trusts that are traded on stock exchanges. Royalty trusts are income trusts that own or control oil and gas operating companies. Royalty trusts pay out substantially all of the cash flow they receive from the production and sale of underlying crude oil and natural gas reserves to shareholders (unitholders) in the form of monthly dividends (distributions). As a result of distributing the bulk of their cash flow to unitholders, royalty trusts are effectively precluded from internally originating new oil and gas prospects. Therefore, these royalty trusts typically grow through acquisition of producing companies or those with proven reserves of oil and gas, funded through the issuance of additional equity or, where the trust is able, additional debt. Consequently, royalty trusts are considered less exposed to the uncertainties faced by a traditional exploration and production corporation. However, they are still exposed to commodity risk and reserve risk, as well as operating risk.

The operations and financial condition of royalty trusts, and the amount of distributions or dividends paid on their securities, is dependent on oil prices. Prices for commodities vary and are determined by supply and demand factors, including weather, and general economic and political conditions. A decline in oil prices could have a substantial adverse effect on the operations and financial conditions of the trusts. Such trusts are also subject to the risk of an adverse change in the regulations of the natural resource industry and other operational risks relating to the energy sector. In addition, the underlying operating companies held or controlled by the trusts are usually involved in oil exploration; however, such companies may not be successful in holding, discovering, or exploiting adequate commercial quantities of oil, the failure of which will adversely affect their values. Even if successful, oil and gas prices have fluctuated widely during the most recent years and may continue to do so in the future. The Investment Adviser expects that the combination of global demand growth and depleting reserves, together with current geopolitical instability, will continue to support strong crude oil prices over the long term. However, there is no guarantee that these prices will not decline. Declining crude oil prices may cause the Fund to incur losses on its investments. In addition, the demand in and supply to the developing markets could be affected by other factors such as restrictions on imports, increased taxation, and creation of government monopolies, as well as social, economic and political uncertainty and instability. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that non-conventional sources of natural gas will not be discovered which would adversely affect the oil industry.

Moreover, as the underlying oil and gas reserves are produced the remaining reserves attributable to the royalty trust are depleted. The ability of a royalty trust to replace reserves is therefore fundamental to its ability to maintain distribution levels and unit prices over time. Certain royalty trusts have demonstrated consistent positive reserve growth year-over-year and, as such, certain royalty trusts have been successful to date in this respect and are thus currently trading at unit prices significantly higher than those of five or ten years ago. Royalty trusts manage reserve depletion through reserve additions resulting from internal capital development activities and through acquisitions. When the Fund invests in foreign royalty trusts, it will also be subject to foreign securities risks.

Corporate Debt Obligations

The Fund may, under normal market conditions, invest in corporate debt obligations, including obligations of industrial, utility and financial issuers. Corporate debt obligations include bonds, notes, debentures and other obligations of corporations to pay interest and repay principal. Corporate debt obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as market interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity.

Corporate debt obligations rated BBB or Baa are considered medium grade obligations with speculative characteristics, and adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances may weaken their issuers’ capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Medium to lower rated and comparable non-rated securities tend to offer higher yields than higher rated securities with the same maturities because the historical financial condition of the issuers of such securities may not have been as strong as that of other issuers. The price of corporate debt obligations will generally fluctuate in response to fluctuations in supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the price of corporate debt obligations will generally fluctuate in response to interest rate levels. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”).

Because medium to lower rated securities generally involve greater risks of loss of income and principal than higher rated securities, investors should consider carefully the relative risks associated with investment in

 

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securities which carry medium to lower ratings and in comparable unrated securities. In addition to the risk of default, there are the related costs of recovery on defaulted issues. The Investment Adviser will attempt to reduce these risks through portfolio diversification and by analysis of each issuer and its ability to make timely payments of income and principal, as well as broad economic trends and corporate developments.

The Investment Adviser employs its own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of an issuer’s existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and pay dividends, sensitivity to economic conditions, operating history and current earnings trend. The Investment Adviser continually monitors the investments in the Fund’s portfolio and evaluates whether to dispose of or to retain corporate debt obligations whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed. If after its purchase, a portfolio security is assigned a lower rating or ceases to be rated, the Fund may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Corporate Obligations

The Fund may invest in commercial paper and other short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. corporations, non-U.S. corporations or other entities. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies.

U.S. Government Securities

The Fund may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises (“U.S. Government Securities”). Some U.S. Government Securities (such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others, such as obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, are supported either by (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the issuer or (iii) only the credit of the issuer. The U.S. government is under no legal obligation, in general, to purchase the obligations of its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises in the future, and the U.S. Government may be unable to pay debts when due.

U.S. Government Securities include (to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government, or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. U.S. Government Securities may also include (to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. The secondary market for certain of these participations is extremely limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations are regarded as illiquid.

The Fund may also purchase U.S. Government Securities in private placements and may also invest in separately traded principal and interest components of securities guaranteed or issued by the U.S. Treasury that are traded independently under the separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities program (“STRIPS”). The Fund may also invest in zero coupon U.S. Treasury securities and in zero coupon securities issued by financial institutions which represent a proportionate interest in underlying U.S. Treasury securities. A zero coupon security pays no interest to its holder during its life and its value consists of the difference between its face value at maturity and its cost. The market prices of zero coupon securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically.

Bank Obligations

The Fund may invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks. Bank obligations, including without limitation, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances and certificates of deposit, may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation. Banks are subject to extensive but different governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made and interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the

 

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profitability of the banking industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operation of this industry.

Certificates of deposit are certificates evidencing the obligation of a bank to repay funds deposited with it for a specified period of time at a specified rate. Certificates of deposit are negotiable instruments and are similar to saving deposits but have a definite maturity and are evidenced by a certificate instead of a passbook entry. Banks are required to keep reserves against all certificates of deposit. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. The Fund may invest in deposits in U.S. and European banks satisfying the standards set forth above.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities

The interest rates payable on certain debt securities in which the Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. Variable and floating rate obligations are debt instruments issued by companies or other entities with interest rates that reset periodically (typically, daily, monthly, quarterly, or semi-annually) in response to changes in the market rate of interest on which the interest rate is based. Moreover, such obligations may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons. The value of these obligations is generally more stable than that of a fixed rate obligation in response to changes in interest rate levels, but they may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline.

Custodial Receipts and Trust Certificates

The Fund may invest in custodial receipts and trust certificates, which may be underwritten by securities dealers or banks, representing interests in securities held by a custodian or trustee. The securities so held may include U.S. Government Securities, municipal securities or other types of securities in which the Fund may invest. The custodial receipts or trust certificates are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and may evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on the underlying securities, or, in some cases, the payment obligation of a third party that has entered into an interest rate swap or other arrangement with the custodian or trustee. For certain securities law purposes, custodial receipts and trust certificates may not be considered obligations of the U.S. government or other issuer of the securities held by the custodian or trustee. As a holder of custodial receipts and trust certificates, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses charged to the custodial account or trust. The Fund may also invest in separately issued interests in custodial receipts and trust certificates.

Although under the terms of a custodial receipt or trust certificate the Fund would typically be authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligation, the Fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank or trustee those rights as may exist against the underlying issuers. Thus, in the event an underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, in the event that the trust or custodial account in which the underlying securities have been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying securities would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.

Certain custodial receipts and trust certificates may be synthetic or derivative instruments that have interest rates that reset inversely to changing short-term rates and/or have embedded interest rate floors and caps that require the issuer to pay an adjusted interest rate if market rates fall below or rise above a specified rate. Because some of these instruments represent relatively recent innovations, and the trading market for these instruments is less developed than the markets for traditional types of instruments, it is uncertain how these instruments will perform under different economic and interest-rate scenarios. Also, because these instruments may be leveraged, their market values may be more volatile than other types of fixed income instruments and may present greater potential for capital gain or loss. The possibility of default by an issuer or the issuer’s credit provider may be greater for these

 

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derivative instruments than for other types of instruments. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine the fair value of a derivative instrument because of a lack of reliable objective information and an established secondary market for some instruments may not exist. In many cases, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has not ruled on the tax treatment of the interest or payments received on the derivative instruments and, accordingly, purchases of such instruments are based on the opinion of counsel to the sponsors of the instruments.

Non-Investment Grade (High Yield or “Junk Bond”) Securities

The Fund may invest in bonds rated BB+ or below by S&P or Ba1 or below by Moody’s or comparable rated and unrated securities. These bonds are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are considered speculative. The ability of issuers of non-investment grade securities to make principal and interest payments may be questionable because such issuers are often less creditworthy companies or are highly leveraged and generally less able than more established or less leveraged entities to make scheduled payments of principal and interest. Non-investment grade securities are also issued by governmental issuers that may have difficulty in making all scheduled interest and principal payments. In some cases, non-investment grade securities may be highly speculative, have poor prospects for reaching investment grade standing and be in default. As a result, investment in such bonds will entail greater risks than those associated with investment in investment grade bonds ( i.e. , bonds rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by Moody’s). Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of non-investment grade securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities, and the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective may, to the extent of its investments in non-investment grade securities, be more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality securities. See Appendix A for a description of the corporate bond and preferred stock ratings by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) and Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (“DBRS”).

The market values of non-investment grade securities tend to reflect individual corporate or municipal developments to a greater extent than do those of higher rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Issuers of non-investment grade securities that are highly leveraged may not be able to make use of more traditional methods of financing. Their ability to service debt obligations may be more adversely affected by economic downturns or their inability to meet specific projected business forecasts than would be the case for issuers of higher-rated securities. Negative publicity about the junk bond market and investor perceptions regarding lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may depress the prices for non-investment grade securities. In the lower quality segments of the fixed income securities market, changes in perceptions of issuers’ creditworthiness tend to occur more frequently and in a more pronounced manner than do changes in higher quality segments of the fixed income securities market, resulting in greater yield and price volatility. Another factor which causes fluctuations in the prices of non-investment grade securities is the supply and demand for similarly rated securities. In addition, the prices of investments fluctuate in response to the general level of interest rates. Fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities subsequent to their acquisition will not affect cash income from such securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV.

The risk of loss from default for the holders of non-investment grade securities is significantly greater than is the case for holders of other debt securities because non-investment grade securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities. Investment by the Fund in already defaulted securities poses an additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue in respect of such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, recovery by the Fund of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation is uncertain. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery relating to the default in the payment of principal or interest on such securities or otherwise protect its interests. The Fund may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to satisfy annual distribution obligations of the Fund in respect of accrued interest income on securities which are subsequently written off, even though the Fund has not received any cash payments of such interest.

The secondary market for non-investment grade securities is concentrated in relatively few markets and is dominated by institutional investors, including mutual funds, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities may not be as liquid as and may be more volatile than the secondary market for higher-rated securities. In addition, the trading volume for non-investment grade securities is generally lower than that of higher rated securities. The secondary market for non-investment grade securities could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition

 

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of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of the Fund to dispose of particular portfolio investments when needed to meet redemption requests or other liquidity needs. The Investment Adviser could find it difficult to sell these investments or may be able to sell the investments only at prices lower than if such investments were widely traded. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating the NAV of the Fund. A less liquid secondary market also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain precise valuations of the non-investment grade securities in its portfolio.

The adoption of new legislation could adversely affect the secondary market for non-investment grade securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities. The form of any future legislation, and the probability of such legislation being enacted, is uncertain.

Non-investment grade securities also present risks based on payment expectations. Non-investment grade securities frequently contain “call” or buy-back features which permit the issuer to call or repurchase the security from its holder. If an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security, the Fund may have to replace such security with a lower-yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. In addition, if the Fund experiences net redemptions of its shares, it may be forced to sell its higher-rated securities, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of its portfolio and increasing its exposure to the risks of non-investment grade securities.

Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market value risk of non-investment grade securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the conditions of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality. Investments in non-investment grade and comparable unrated obligations will be more dependent on the Investment Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case with investments in investment-grade debt obligations. The Investment Adviser employs its own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of an issuer’s existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and to pay dividends, sensitivity to economic conditions, operating history and current earnings trend. The Investment Adviser continually monitors the investments in the Fund’s portfolio and evaluates whether to dispose of or to retain non-investment grade and comparable unrated securities whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed. If after its purchase, a portfolio security is assigned a lower rating or ceases to be rated, the Fund may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.

An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of highly leveraged issuers of junk bond investments to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. Factors having an adverse impact on the market value of junk bonds will have an adverse effect on the Fund’s NAV to the extent it invests in such investments. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts

The Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and may also purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts. The futures contracts may be based on various securities, securities indices, foreign currencies and other financial instruments and indices.

The Fund may engage in futures and related options transactions in order to seek to increase total return or to hedge against changes in interest rates or securities prices, or to otherwise manage its term structure, sector selection and duration of its fixed income securities holdings in accordance with its investment objective and policies. The Fund may also enter into closing purchase and sale transactions with respect to such contracts and options.

Futures contracts utilized by mutual funds and closed-end funds have historically been traded on U.S. exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed and regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) or on foreign exchanges. More recently, certain futures may also be traded either OTC or on trading facilities such as derivatives transaction execution facilities, exempt boards of trade or electronic trading facilities

 

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that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC. Also, certain single stock futures and narrow based security index futures may be traded either OTC or on trading facilities such as contract markets, derivatives transaction execution facilities and electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by both the CFTC and the SEC, or on foreign exchanges.

Neither the CFTC, National Futures Association (“NFA”), SEC nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign exchange or boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign exchange or board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, the Fund’s investments in foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on United States exchanges. In particular, persons who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, the CFTC’s regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. Similarly, those persons may not have the protection of the U.S. securities laws.

Futures Contracts. A futures contract may generally be described as an agreement between two parties to buy and sell particular financial instruments for an agreed price during a designated month (or to deliver the final cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in the contract).

When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, the Fund can seek through the sale of futures contracts to offset a decline in the value of its current portfolio securities. When interest rates are falling or securities prices are rising, the Fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, can attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later be available in the market when it effects anticipated purchases.

Positions taken in the futures market are not normally held to maturity, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions which may result in a profit or a loss. While the Fund will usually liquidate futures contracts on securities in this manner, the Fund may instead make or take delivery of the underlying securities whenever it appears economically advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing corporation associated with the exchange on which futures are traded guarantees that, if still open, the sale or purchase will be performed on the settlement date.

Hedging Strategies Using Futures Contracts. When the Fund uses futures for hedging purposes, the Fund often seeks to establish with more certainty than would otherwise be possible the effective price or rate of return on portfolio securities (or securities that the Fund proposes to acquire) or the exchange rate of currencies in which portfolio securities are quoted or denominated. The Fund may, for example, take a “short” position in the futures market by selling futures contracts to seek to hedge against an anticipated rise in interest rates or a decline in market prices that would adversely affect the dollar value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Such futures contracts may include contracts for the future delivery of securities held by the Fund or securities with characteristics similar to those of the Fund’s portfolio securities. If, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, there is a sufficient degree of correlation between price trends for the Fund’s portfolio securities and futures contracts based on other financial instruments, securities indices or other indices, the Fund may also enter into such futures contracts as part of a hedging strategy. Although under some circumstances prices of securities in the Fund’s portfolio may be more or less volatile than prices of such futures contracts, the Investment Adviser will attempt to estimate the extent of this volatility difference based on historical patterns and compensate for any such differential by having the Fund enter into a greater or lesser number of futures contracts or by attempting to achieve only a partial hedge against price changes affecting the Fund’s portfolio securities. When hedging of this character is successful, any depreciation in the value of portfolio securities will be substantially offset by appreciation in the value of the futures position. On the other hand, any unanticipated appreciation in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities would be substantially offset by a decline in the value of the futures position.

On other occasions, the Fund may take a “long” position by purchasing such futures contracts. This may be done, for example, when the Fund anticipates the subsequent purchase of particular securities when it has the necessary cash, but expects the prices then available in the applicable market to be less favorable than prices that are currently available.

 

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Options on Futures Contracts. The acquisition of put and call options on futures contracts will give the Fund the right (but not the obligation), for a specified price, to sell or to purchase, respectively, the underlying futures contract at any time during the option period. As the purchaser of an option on a futures contract, the Fund obtains the benefit of the futures position if prices move in a favorable direction but limits its risk of loss in the event of an unfavorable price movement to the loss of the premium and transaction costs.

The writing of a call option on a futures contract generates a premium which may partially offset a decline in the value of the Fund’s assets. By writing a call option, the Fund becomes obligated, in exchange for the premium, to sell a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value higher than the exercise price. The writing of a put option on a futures contract generates a premium, which may partially offset an increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. However, the Fund becomes obligated (upon the exercise of the option) to purchase a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value lower than the exercise price. Thus, the loss incurred by the Fund in writing options on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of the premium received. The Fund will incur transaction costs in connection with the writing of options on futures.

The holder or writer of an option on a futures contract may terminate its position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option on the same financial instrument. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected. The Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid market.

Other Considerations. The Fund may engage in transactions in futures contracts and related options transactions. Transactions in futures contracts and options on futures involve brokerage costs, require margin deposits and, in certain cases, require the Fund to identify on its books cash or liquid assets to cover the positions.

While transactions in futures contracts and options on futures may reduce certain risks, such transactions themselves entail certain other risks. Thus, unanticipated changes in interest rates or securities prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into any futures contracts or options transactions. When futures contracts and options are used for hedging purposes, perfect correlation between the Fund’s futures positions and portfolio positions may be impossible to achieve, particularly where futures contracts based on individual equity or corporate fixed income securities are currently not available. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position which is intended to be protected, the desired protection may not be obtained and the Fund may be exposed to risk of loss. The profitability of the Fund’s trading in futures depends upon the ability of the Investment Adviser to analyze correctly the futures markets.

Options on Securities and Securities Indices

Writing Options. The Fund may write (sell) call and put options on any securities in which it may invest or any securities index consisting of securities in which it may invest. The Fund may write such options on securities that are listed on national domestic securities exchanges or foreign securities exchanges or traded in the OTC market. A call option written by the Fund obligates that Fund to sell specified securities to the holder of the option at a specified price if the option is exercised on or before the expiration date. Depending upon the type of call option, the purchaser of a call option either (i) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over a fixed price (the “exercise price”) on a certain date in the future (the “expiration date”) or (ii) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over the exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. If the purchaser exercises the option, the Fund pays the purchaser the difference between the price of the security and the exercise price of the option. The premium, the exercise price and the market value of the security determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund as the seller of the call option. The Fund can also repurchase the call option prior to the expiration date, ending its obligation. In this case, the cost of entering into closing purchase transactions will determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund. All call options written by the Fund are covered, which means that the Fund will own the securities subject to the option as long as the option is outstanding or the Fund will use the other methods described below. The Fund’s purpose in writing covered call options is to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities transactions alone. However, the Fund may forego the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security.

 

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A put option written by the Fund would obligate the Fund to purchase specified securities from the option holder at a specified price if, depending upon the type of put option, either (i) the option is exercised at any time on or before the expiration date or (ii) the option is exercised on the expiration date. All put options written by the Fund would be covered, which means that the Fund will identify on its books cash or liquid assets with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option (less any margin on deposit) or will use the other methods described below. The purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the Fund. However, in return for the option premium, the Fund accepts the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the securities’ market value at the time of purchase. For more information about these practices, see “Asset Segregation.”

In the case of a call option, the option is “covered” if the Fund owns the instrument underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that instrument without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other instruments held by it. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same instrument as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference. A put option is also covered if the Fund holds a put on the same instrument as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or higher than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference. The Fund may also cover options on securities by segregating cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit, that is equal to the market value of the securities in the case of a call option. Segregated cash or liquid assets may be quoted or denominated in any currency.

Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.

The Fund may cover call options on a securities index by owning securities whose price changes are expected to be similar to those of the underlying index, or by having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities without additional cash consideration (or for additional consideration which has been identified by the Fund on its books) upon conversion or exchange of other securities in its portfolio. The Fund may also cover call and put options on a securities index by identifying cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit, that is equal to the market value of the underlying securities in the case of a call option, or the exercise price in the case of a put option, or by owning offsetting options as described above.

The Fund may terminate its obligations under an exchange traded call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Obligations under OTC options may be terminated only by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to such option. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.”

Purchasing Options. The Fund may purchase put and call options on any securities in which it may invest or any securities index comprised of securities in which it may invest. The Fund may also enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options it had purchased.

The Fund may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase, or put options in anticipation of a decrease, in the market value of securities or other instruments of the type in which it may invest (“protective puts”). The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities or other instruments at a specified price during the option period. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain on the purchase of a call option if, during the option period, the value of such securities exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option. The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid,

 

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to sell specified securities or other instruments at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Fund’s securities or other instruments. Put options may also be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities or other instruments which it does not own. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities or other instruments decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of put options may be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the underlying portfolio securities or other instruments.

The Fund would purchase put and call options on securities indices for the same purposes as it would purchase options on individual securities. For a description of options on securities indices, see “Writing Options” above.

Risks Associated with Options Transactions. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular exchange-traded option or at any particular time. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to options it has written, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying securities or dispose of the assets identified on its books to cover the positions until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it will have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.

Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

There can be no assurance that higher trading activity, order flow or other unforeseen events will not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation or various exchanges inadequate. Such events have, in the past, resulted in the institution by an exchange of special procedures, such as trading rotations, restrictions on certain types of order or trading halts or suspensions with respect to one or more options. These special procedures may limit liquidity.

The Fund may purchase and sell both options that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and options traded OTC with broker-dealers who make markets in these options. The ability to terminate OTC options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations.

Transactions by the Fund in options will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which such options are traded governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert regardless of whether the options are written or purchased on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facility or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which the Fund may write or purchase may be affected by options written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of the Investment Adviser. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.

The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of options to seek to increase total return involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of fluctuations in securities prices or interest rates. The successful use of options for hedging purposes also depends in part on the

 

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ability of the Investment Adviser to manage future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of changes in securities prices or determination of the correlation between the securities or securities indices on which options are written and purchased and the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio, the Fund may incur losses that it would not otherwise incur. The writing of options could increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and, therefore, associated brokerage commissions or spreads.

Real Estate Investment Trusts

The Fund may invest in shares of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in real estate or real estate related loans. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements under the Code. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Fund.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by such REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified (except to the extent the Code requires), and are subject to the risks of financing projects. REITs are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibilities of failing to qualify for the exemption from tax for distributed income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks.

Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Rights

The Fund may invest in preferred stock, warrants and stock purchase rights (or “rights”). Preferred stocks are securities that represent an ownership interest providing the holder with claims on the issuer’s earnings and assets before common stock owners but after bond owners. Unlike debt securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividend and other payment obligations, may not typically be accelerated by the holders of such preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default (such as a covenant default or filing of a bankruptcy petition) or other non-compliance by the issuer with the terms of the preferred stock. Often, however, on the occurrence of any such event of default or non-compliance by the issuer, preferred stockholders will be entitled to gain representation on the issuer’s board of directors or increase their existing board representation. In addition, preferred stockholders may be granted voting rights with respect to certain issues on the occurrence of any event of default.

Warrants and rights are options that entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time. The Fund will invest in warrants and rights only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Investment Adviser for investment by the Fund. Warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.

Foreign Securities

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities of foreign issuers, including securities quoted or denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars. Investments in foreign securities may offer potential benefits not available from investments solely in U.S. dollar-denominated or quoted securities of domestic issuers. Such benefits may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, to offer the potential for better long term growth of capital and income than investments in U.S. securities, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers also involves, however, certain special risks, including those discussed in the Fund’s Prospectus and those set forth below, which are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or quoted securities of U.S. issuers. Many of these risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging countries.

 

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With respect to investments in certain foreign countries, there exist certain economic, political and social risks, including the risk of adverse political developments, nationalization, military unrest, social instability, war and terrorism, confiscation without fair compensation, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the movement of funds and other assets between different countries, or diplomatic developments, any of which could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in those countries. Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and dividend payments.

Many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. Additionally, many foreign country economies are heavily dependent on international trade and are adversely affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. Protectionist trade legislation enacted by those trading partners could have a significant adverse affect on the securities markets of those countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.

Investments in foreign securities often involve currencies of foreign countries. Accordingly, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund may be subject to currency exposure independent of its securities positions. To the extent that the Fund is fully invested in foreign securities while also maintaining net currency positions, it may be exposed to greater combined risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad. To the extent that a portion of the Fund’s total assets, adjusted to reflect the Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries. The Fund’s net currency positions may expose it to risks independent of its securities positions.

The Fund may hold foreign securities and cash with foreign banks, agents and securities depositories appointed by the Fund’s custodian (each a “Foreign Custodian”). Some Foreign Custodians may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In some countries, Foreign Custodians may be subject to little or no regulatory oversight over or independent evaluation of their operations. Further, the laws of certain countries may place limitations on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a Foreign Custodian enters bankruptcy.

Because foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a comparable U.S. company. Volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets are less than in the United States markets and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The securities of foreign issuers may be listed on foreign securities exchanges or traded in foreign OTC markets. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed and unlisted companies than in the United States, and the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain foreign laws to insider trading and similar investor protections that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Mail service between the United States and foreign countries may be slower or less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlement of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities.

 

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Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when some of the Fund’s assets are uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

The Fund may invest in foreign securities which take the form of sponsored and unsponsored ADRs, GDRs, EDRs or other similar instruments representing securities of foreign issuers (together, “Depositary Receipts”). ADRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a correspondent bank. ADRs are traded on domestic exchanges or in the U.S. OTC market and, generally, are in registered form. EDRs and GDRs are receipts evidencing an arrangement with a non-U.S. bank similar to that for ADRs and are designed for use in the non-U.S. securities markets. EDRs and GDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security. To the extent the Fund acquires Depositary Receipts through banks which do not have a contractual relationship with the foreign issuer of the security underlying the Depositary Receipts to issue and service such unsponsored Depositary Receipts, there may be an increased possibility that the Fund would not become aware of and be able to respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving the foreign issuer in a timely manner. In addition, the lack of information may result in inefficiencies in the valuation of such instruments. Investment in Depositary Receipts does not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers. The market value of Depositary Receipts is dependent upon the market value of the underlying securities and fluctuations in the relative value of the currencies in which the Depositary Receipts and the underlying securities are quoted. However, by investing in Depositary Receipts, such as ADRs, which are quoted in U.S. dollars, the Fund may avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchases and sales.

As described more fully below, the Fund may invest in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. Political and economic structures in many of such countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. Certain of such countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. As a result, the risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened. See “Investing in Emerging Countries,” below.

Investing in Europe. The Fund may operate in euros and/ or may hold euros and/or euro-denominated bonds and other obligations. The euro requires participation of multiple sovereign states forming the Euro zone and is therefore sensitive to the credit, general economic and political position of each such state, including each state’s actual and intended ongoing engagement with and/or support for the other sovereign states then forming the European Union, in particular those within the Euro zone. Changes in these factors might materially adversely impact the value of securities that the Fund has invested in.

European countries can be significantly affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) imposes for membership. Europe’s economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Several EU countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal have faced, and continue to face, budget issues, some of which may have negative long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit the ability of EMU member countries to implement monetary policy to address regional economic conditions.

Investing in Canada. The Fund may invest in issuers located in Canada or that have significant exposure to the Canadian economy. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources, and therefore the Canadian economy is very dependent on the supply and demand for natural resources. There is a risk that any changes in these sectors could have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is dependent on the economy of the United States as the United States is Canada’s

 

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largest trading partner and foreign investor. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may cause an impact in the Canadian economy. Past periodic demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have also significantly affected equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market.

Investing in Emerging Countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are less liquid and subject to greater price volatility, and have a smaller market capitalization, than the U.S. securities markets. In certain countries, there may be fewer publicly traded securities and the market may be dominated by a few issues or sectors. Issuers and securities markets in such countries are not subject to as extensive and frequent accounting, financial and other reporting requirements or as comprehensive government regulations as are issuers and securities markets in the U.S. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of emerging country issuers may not reflect their financial position or results of operations in the same manner as financial statements for U.S. issuers. Substantially less information may be publicly available about emerging country issuers than is available about issuers in the United States.

Emerging country securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. The markets for securities in certain emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect the Fund’s ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.

With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, antiquated legal systems may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder of a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups, in emerging countries may be higher than in the United States and other developed securities markets. In addition, existing laws and regulations are often inconsistently applied. As legal systems in emerging countries develop, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In circumstances where adequate laws exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law.

Custodial and/or settlement systems in emerging markets countries may not be fully developed. To the extent the Fund invests in emerging markets, Fund assets that are traded in such markets and which have been entrusted to such sub-custodians in those markets may be exposed to risks for which the sub-custodian will have no liability.

Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit the Fund’s investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer’s outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from emerging countries may be subject to restrictions which require governmental consents or prohibit repatriation entirely for a period of time. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operation of the Fund. The Fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before investing in certain emerging countries.

 

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Emerging countries may be subject to a substantially greater degree of economic, political and social instability and disruption than is the case in the United States, Japan and most Western European countries. This instability may result from, among other things, the following: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision making, including changes or attempted changes in governments through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic or social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection or conflict; and (vi) the absence of developed legal structures governing foreign private investments and private property. Such economic, political and social instability could disrupt the principal financial markets in which the Fund may invest and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s assets. The Fund’s investments can also be adversely affected by any increase in taxes or by political, economic or diplomatic developments.

The Fund may seek investment opportunities within former “Eastern bloc” countries. Most of these countries had a centrally planned, socialist economy for a substantial period of time. The governments of many of these countries have more recently been implementing reforms directed at political and economic liberalization, including efforts to decentralize the economic decision-making process and move towards a market economy. However, business entities in many of these countries do not have an extended history of operating in a market-oriented economy, and the ultimate impact of these countries’ attempts to move toward more market-oriented economies is currently unclear. In addition, any change in the leadership or policies of these countries may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.

The economies of emerging countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, self-sufficiency and balance of payments. Many emerging countries have experienced in the past, and continue to experience, high rates of inflation. In certain countries inflation has at times accelerated rapidly to hyperinflationary levels, creating a negative interest rate environment and sharply eroding the value of outstanding financial assets in those countries. Other emerging countries, on the other hand, have recently experienced deflationary pressures and are in economic recessions. The economies of many emerging countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners. In addition, the economies of some emerging countries are vulnerable to weakness in world prices for their commodity exports.

The Fund’s income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which it invests, and treaties between the U.S. and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.

From time to time, certain of the companies in which the Fund may invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargos imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of terrorism. For example, the United Nations Security Council has imposed certain sanctions relating to Iran and Sudan and both countries are embargoed countries by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Department of the Treasury.

In addition, from time to time, certain of the companies in which a Fund may invest may engage in, or have dealings with countries or companies that engage in, activities that may not be considered socially and/or environmentally responsible. Such activities may relate to human rights issues (such as patterns of human rights abuses or violations, persecution or discrimination), impacts on local communities in which companies operate and environmental sustainability. For a description of the Investment Adviser’s approach to responsible and sustainable investing, please see GSAM’s Statement on Responsible and Sustainable Investing at https://assetmanagement.gs.com/content/gsam/us/en/advisors/about-gsam/citizenship.html.

As a result, a company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which engages in, or has dealings with countries or companies that engage in, the above referenced activities. As an investor in such companies, a Fund would be indirectly subject to those risks.

The Investment Adviser is committed to complying fully with sanctions in effect as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information and any other applicable sanctions that may be enacted in the future with respect to Iran, Sudan or any other country.

 

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Index Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Credit Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Options on Swaps and Interest Rate Caps, Floors and Collars

The Fund may enter into index, interest rate, credit and total return swaps for both hedging purposes and to seek to increase total return. As examples, the Fund may enter into swap transactions for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in an economical way. The Fund may also enter into interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also purchase and write (sell) options contracts on swaps, commonly referred to as swaptions.

In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e. , the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular security, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. Bilateral swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. The Fund posts initial and variation margin by making payments to its clearing member FCMs.

Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. Index swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of the respective amounts payable with respect to a notional principal amount at interest rates equal to two specified indices. Credit swaps involve the exchange of a floating or fixed rate payment in return for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security, or pool of securities. Total return swaps are contracts that obligate a party to pay or receive interest in exchange for payment by the other party of the total return generated by a security, a basket of securities, an index or an index component.

A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an underlying swap or to modify the terms of an existing swap on agreed-upon terms. The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into or modify an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms, which generally entails a greater risk of loss than incurred in buying a swaption. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payment of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. An interest rate collar is the combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates.

A great deal of flexibility may be possible in the way swap transactions are structured. However, generally the Fund will enter into interest rate, total return, credit and index swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Interest rate, total return, credit and index swaps do not normally involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate, total return, credit and index swaps is normally limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to a bilateral swap agreement defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive.

As a result of new rules adopted by the CFTC and SEC in 2012, certain standardized swaps are currently subject to mandatory central clearing. Central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to bilateral swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate counterparty risk or illiquidity risk entirely. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to

 

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support its obligations under a similar bilateral swap. However, regulators are expected to adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could change this comparison.

A credit swap may have as reference obligations one or more securities that may, or may not, be currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit swap is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the protection buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If a credit event occurs, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the Fund as seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.

To the extent that the Fund’s exposure in a transaction involving a swap, a swaption or an interest rate floor, cap or collar is covered by identifying on its books cash or liquid assets or is covered by other means in accordance with SEC guidance, the Fund and the Investment Adviser believe that the transactions do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to the Fund’s borrowing restrictions.

The Fund will not enter into bilateral transactions involving swaps, caps, floors or collars unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or claims paying ability of the other party thereto (with respect to bilateral swap transactions) is considered to be investment grade by the Investment Adviser. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.

The use of swaps, swaptions and interest rate caps, floors and collars is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, credit quality and interest rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used.

In addition, these transactions can involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly because, in addition to general market risks, swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, credit risk and pricing risk. Regulators also may impose limits on an entity’s or group of entities’ positions in certain swaps. However, certain risks are reduced (but not eliminated) if the Fund invests in cleared swaps. Because bilateral swap agreements are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, these swaps may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap counterparty. Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Swaps and other derivatives may also be subject to pricing or “basis” risk, which exists when the price of a particular derivative diverges from the price of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions it may not be economically feasible to imitate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

 

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The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. The Investment Adviser, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”), is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of the Fund’s transactions in swaps, swaptions, caps, floors and collars.

Regulators are in the process of developing rules that would require trading and execution of most liquid swaps on trading facilities. Moving trading to an exchange-type system may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses to access the same types of swaps.

Rules adopted in 2012 also require centralized reporting of detailed information about many types of cleared and uncleared swaps. This information is available to regulators and, to a more limited extent and on an anonymous basis, to the public. Reporting of swap data may result in greater market transparency, which may be beneficial to funds that use swaps to implement trading strategies. However, these rules place potential additional administrative obligations on these funds, and the safeguards established to protect anonymity may not function as expected.

Convertible Securities

The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock (or other securities) of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid or accrued on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics, in that they generally (i) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common stock due to their fixed income characteristics and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value normally declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to convert the security into the underlying common stock, sell it to a third party or permit the issuer to redeem the security. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, which, in turn, could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent that the Fund holds a convertible security, or a security that is otherwise converted or exchanged for common stock ( e.g. , as a result of a restructuring), the Fund may, consistent with its investment objective, hold such common stock in its portfolio.

In evaluating a convertible security, the Investment Adviser will give primary emphasis to the attractiveness of the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities are equity investments for purposes of the Fund’s investment policies.

 

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Forward Contracts

Forward contracts involve the purchase or sale of a specific quantity of a commodity, government security, foreign currency, or other financial instrument at the current or spot price, with delivery and settlement at a specified future date. Because it is a completed contract, a purchase forward contract can be a cover for the sale of a futures contract. The Fund may enter into forward contracts for hedging purposes and non-hedging purposes (i.e ., to increase returns). Forward contracts may be used by the Fund for hedging purposes to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates, such as when the Fund anticipates purchasing or selling a foreign security. For example, this technique would allow the Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. Forward contracts may also be used to attempt to protect the value of the Fund’s existing holdings of foreign securities. There may be, however, an imperfect correlation between the Fund’s foreign securities holdings and the forward contracts entered into with respect to those holdings. Forward contracts may also be used for nonhedging purposes to pursue the Fund’s investment objective, such as when the Fund’s Investment Adviser anticipates that particular foreign currencies will appreciate or depreciate in value, even though securities denominated in those currencies are not then held in the Fund’s portfolio. There is no requirement that the Fund hedge all or any portion of its exposure to foreign currency risks.

Forward contracts and options thereon, unlike futures contracts, are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these markets, negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. Forward and “cash” trading is substantially unregulated; there is no limitation on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable. The principals who deal in the forward markets are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies or commodities they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in these markets have refused to quote prices for certain currencies or commodities or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. Disruptions can occur in any market traded by the Investment Adviser due to unusually high trading volume, political intervention or other factors. Arrangements to trade forward contracts may be made with only one or a few counterparties, and liquidity problems therefore might be greater than if such arrangements were made with numerous counterparties. The imposition of controls by governmental authorities might also limit such forward (and futures) trading to less than that which the Investment Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. Market illiquidity or disruption could result in major losses to the Fund. In addition, the Fund will be exposed to credit risks with regard to counterparties with whom they trade as well as risks relating to settlement default. Such risks could result in substantial losses to the Fund.

Equity Swaps

The Fund may enter into equity swap contracts to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in various circumstances, including circumstances where direct investment in the securities is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable. Equity swaps may also be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. The counterparty to an equity swap contract will typically be a bank, investment banking firm or broker/dealer. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, a counterparty may agree to pay the Fund the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the equity swap contract would have increased in value had it been invested in particular stocks (or an index of stocks), plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. In these cases, the Fund may agree to pay to the counterparty a floating rate of interest on the notional amount of the equity swap contract plus the amount, if any, by which that notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in such stocks. Therefore, the return to the Fund on the equity swap contract should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest paid by the Fund on the notional amount. In other cases, the counterparty and the Fund may each agree to pay the other the difference between the relative investment performances that would have been achieved if the notional amount of the equity swap contract had been invested in different stocks (or indices of stocks).

The Fund will generally enter into equity swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Payments may be made at the conclusion of an equity swap contract or periodically during its term. Equity swaps normally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to equity swaps is normally limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an equity swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments

 

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that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any. Inasmuch as these transactions are entered into for hedging purposes or are offset by cash or liquid assets identified on the Fund’s books to cover the Fund’s exposure, the Fund and the Investment Adviser believe that such transactions do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to the Fund’s borrowing restrictions.

The Fund will not enter into swap transactions unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or claims paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by the Investment Adviser. The Fund’s ability to enter into certain swap transactions may be limited by tax considerations.

When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments

The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis beyond the customary settlement time. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges. The Fund will generally purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. The Fund may also sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses in connection with these transactions. For purposes of determining the Fund’s duration, the maturity of when-issued or forward commitment securities for fixed-rate obligations will be calculated from the commitment date. The Fund is generally required to identify on its books, until three days prior to settlement date, cash and liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price unless the Fund’s obligations are otherwise covered. Alternatively, the Fund may enter into offsetting contracts for the forward sale of other securities that it owns. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date.

Investment in Unseasoned Companies

The Fund may invest in companies (including predecessors) which have operated less than three years. The securities of such companies may have limited liquidity, which can result in their being priced higher or lower than might otherwise be the case. In addition, investments in unseasoned companies are more speculative and entail greater risk than do investments in companies with an established operating record.

Pooled Investment Vehicles

The Fund may invest in securities of pooled investment vehicles, including other investment companies, ETFs and ETNs. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by pooled investment vehicles in which it invests, in addition to the management fees (and other expenses) paid by the Fund. The Fund’s investments in pooled investment vehicles are subject to statutory limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act, including in certain circumstances a prohibition on the Fund acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of all investment companies. Many ETFs, however, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds (such as the Fund) to invest in their shares beyond these statutory limits, subject to certain conditions and pursuant to contractual arrangements between the ETFs and the investing funds. The Fund may rely on these exemptive orders in investing in ETFs.

The Fund may purchase shares of investment companies investing primarily in foreign securities, including “country funds.” Country funds have portfolios consisting primarily of securities of issuers located in specified foreign countries or regions.

ETFs are pooled investment vehicles issuing shares which are traded like traditional equity securities on a stock exchange. An ETF represents a portfolio of securities or other assets, which is often designed to track a

 

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particular market segment or index. An investment in an ETF, like one in any pooled investment vehicle, carries the risks of its underlying securities or other assets. An ETF may fail to accurately track the returns of the market segment or index that it is designed to track, and the price of an ETF’s shares may fluctuate or lose money. In addition, because they, unlike other pooled investment vehicles, are traded on an exchange, ETFs are subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or discount to the ETF’s NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting ETFs should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of the Fund’s shares could also be substantially and adversely affected.

ETNs

ETNs are a type of senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt security issued by financial institutions that combines both aspects of bonds and ETFs. An ETN’s returns are based on the performance of a market index minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN’s maturity, at which time the issuer is obligated to pay a return linked to the performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected. ETNs are subject to credit risk and the value of an ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

Repurchase Agreements

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks, brokers and dealers which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of its repurchase obligations. These repurchase agreements may involve foreign government securities. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency. A repurchase agreement is an arrangement under which the Fund purchases securities and the seller agrees to repurchase the securities within a particular time and at a specified price for the duration of the agreement. Custody of the securities is maintained by the Fund’s custodian (or sub-custodian). The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security subject to the repurchase agreement.

For purposes of the 1940 Act, and generally for tax purposes, a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from the Fund to the seller of the security. For other purposes, it is not always clear whether a court would consider the security purchased by the Fund subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by the Fund or as being collateral for a loan by the Fund to the seller. In the event of commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the security before repurchase of the security under a repurchase agreement, the Fund may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the security. Such a delay may involve loss of interest or a decline in value of the security. If the court characterizes the transaction as a loan and the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the security, the Fund may be required to return the security to the seller’s estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and interest involved in the transaction.

Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security. However, if the market value of the security subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest), the Fund will direct the seller of the security to deliver additional securities so that the market value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement equals or exceeds the repurchase price. Certain repurchase agreements which provide for settlement in more than seven days can be liquidated before the nominal fixed term on seven days or less notice. Such repurchase agreements will be regarded as liquid instruments.

 

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The Fund, together with other registered investment companies having management agreements with the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may establish and maintain a segregated account with the custodian containing cash and/or liquid assets having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the Fund establishes and maintains such a segregated account, a reverse repurchase agreement will not be considered a borrowing by the Fund; however, under certain circumstances in which the Fund does not establish and maintain such a segregated account, such reverse repurchase agreement will be considered a borrowing for the purpose of the Fund’s limitation on borrowings. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. If the securities held by the Fund decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Fund’s outstanding shares will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the investment return earned by the Fund (from the investment of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction, that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund will decline below the price the Fund is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities, and that the securities may not be returned to the Fund.

The Fund must “set aside” liquid assets, or engage in other appropriate measures to “cover” its obligations with respect to its transactions in reverse repurchase agreements. As a result of such segregation, the Fund’s obligations under such transactions will not be considered senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act and the Fund’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements will not be limited by the 1940 Act. However, the Fund’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements will be considered to be financial leverage for purposes of determining compliance with the Fund’s maximum overall leverage levels approved by the Board. The Fund’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements may be further limited by the availability of cash or liquid securities to earmark or segregate in connection with such transactions.

If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.

With respect to any reverse repurchase agreement or similar transaction, the Fund’s Managed Assets shall include any proceeds from the sale of an asset of the Fund to a counterparty in such a transaction, in addition to the value of the underlying asset as of the relevant measuring date.

Short Sales

The Fund may engage in short sales. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividend which accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. There will also be other costs associated with short sales.

The Fund may use short sales, consistent with its investment objective, to gain exposure to the MLP market in various circumstances, including among others when the Investment Adviser determines that a specific MLP investment may be facing deteriorating fundamentals that could result in lower growth or the potential for lower distributions.

 

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The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those dates. This result is the opposite of what one would expect from a cash purchase of a long position in a security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium or amounts in lieu of interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale, and will be also decreased by any transaction or other costs.

Until the Fund replaces a borrowed security in connection with a short sale, the Fund will (a) identify on its books cash or liquid assets at such a level that the identified assets plus any amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short or (b) otherwise cover its short position in accordance with applicable law.

There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to close out a short position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. During the time that the Fund is short a security, it is subject to the risk that the lender of the security will terminate the loan at a time when the Fund is unable to borrow the same security from another lender. If that occurs, the Fund may be “bought in” at the price required to purchase the security needed to close out the short position, which may be a disadvantageous price.

Short Sales Against the Box. The Fund may engage in short sales against the box. As noted above, a short sale is made by selling a security the seller does not own. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the seller contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund may enter into a short sale against the box, for example, to lock in a sales price for a security the Fund does not wish to sell immediately. If the Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect itself from loss if the price of the securities declines in the future, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If the Fund effects a short sale of securities at a time when it has an unrealized gain on the securities, it may be required to recognize that gain as if it had actually sold the securities (as a “constructive sale”) on the date it effects the short sale. However, such constructive sale treatment may not apply if the Fund closes out the short sale with securities other than the appreciated securities held at the time of the short sale and if certain other conditions are satisfied. Uncertainty regarding the tax consequences of effecting short sales may limit the extent to which the Fund may effect short sales.

Restricted Securities

The Fund may purchase securities and other financial instruments that are not registered or that are offered in an exempt non-public offering (“Restricted Securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), including securities eligible for resale to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act.

The purchase price and subsequent valuation of Restricted Securities may reflect a discount from the price at which such securities trade when they are not restricted, because the restriction makes them less liquid. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price is expected to vary depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the Restricted Securities and prevailing supply and demand conditions.

Asset Segregation

As an investment company registered with the SEC, the Fund must identify on its books (often referred to as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC or SEC-staff approved or other appropriate measures, to “cover” open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments. In the case of swaps, futures contracts, options, forward contracts and other derivative instruments that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund must identify on its books liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument while the positions are open, to the extent there is not an offsetting position. However, with respect to certain swaps, futures contracts, options, forward contracts and other derivative instruments that are required to cash settle, the Fund may identify

 

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liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations ( i.e. , the Fund’s daily net liability) under the instrument, if any, rather than its full notional amount. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future in its discretion, consistent with the 1940 Act and SEC or SEC-staff guidance. By identifying assets equal to only its net obligations under certain instruments, the Fund will have the ability to engage in the use of derivative instruments that may have the effect of leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to identify assets equal to the full notional amount of the instruments.

Non-Diversified Status

The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it is permitted to invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than diversified mutual funds. Thus, the Fund may be more susceptible to adverse developments affecting any single issuer held in its portfolio, and may be more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments. Because the Fund does not intend to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to the diversification requirements applicable to regulated investment companies.

Temporary Investments

The Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes (and to the extent it is permitted to invest in the following), invest up to 100% of its total assets in: U.S. Government Securities; commercial paper rated at least A-2 by Standard & Poor’s , P-2 by Moody’s or having a comparable rating by another NRSRO (or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable credit quality); certificates of deposit; bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements; non-convertible preferred stocks and non-convertible corporate bonds with a remaining maturity of less than one year; ETFs and other investment companies; cash items; or any other than fixed income securities that the Investment Adviser considers consistent with this strategy. When the Fund’s assets are invested in such instruments, the Fund may not be achieving its investment objective.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may engage in active short-term trading to benefit from price disparities among different issues of securities or among the markets for equity securities, or for other reasons. As a result of active management, it is anticipated that the portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be affected by changes in the holdings of specific issuers, changes in country and currency weightings and cash requirements for redemption of shares. High portfolio turnover may result in the Fund’s recognition of gains (losses) that will increase (decrease) the Fund’s tax liability and thereby impact the amount of the Fund’s after-tax distributions. In addition, high portfolio turnover may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as taxable dividends for federal income tax purposes. The Fund is not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in its investment portfolio from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate.

Special Note Regarding Market Events

Events in the financial sector over the past several years have resulted in reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets and in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestically and internationally. While entire markets have been impacted, issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets have been particularly affected. These events and the potential for continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s investments. It is uncertain how long these conditions will continue.

The instability in the financial markets led the U.S. government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and certain segments of the financial markets. Federal, state, and foreign governments, regulatory agencies, and self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such ownership or disposition may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

 

29


INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The investment restrictions set forth below have been adopted by the Fund as fundamental policies that cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund and all other investment policies or practices of the Fund are considered by the Fund not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. For purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority” of the outstanding voting securities means the lesser of the vote of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares of the Fund.

For purposes of the following limitatio n s (except for the asset coverage requirement with respect to borrowings), any limitation which involves a maximum percentage shall not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the Fund. In applying fundamental investment restriction number (1) below to derivative transactions or instruments, including, without limitation, futures, swaps, forwards, options and structured notes, the Fund will look to the industry of the reference asset(s) and not to the counterparty or issuer. With respect to the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction number (2) below, asset coverage of at least 300% (as defined in the 1940 Act), inclusive of any amounts borrowed, must be maintained at all times.

Fundamental Investment Restrictions

As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:

 

(1) Invest 25% or more of its Managed Assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (excluding the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities); except that the Fund will invest more than 25% of its Managed Assets in companies conducting their principal business in industries within the energy sector;

 

(2) Borrow money, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction;

The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this fundamental policy:

In determining whether a particular investment in portfolio instruments or participation in portfolio transactions is subject to this borrowing policy, the accounting treatment of such instrument or participation shall be considered, but shall not by itself be determinative. Whether a particular instrument or transaction constitutes a borrowing shall be determined by the Board, after consideration of all of the relevant circumstances.

 

(3) Make loans, except through (a) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) loans of securities as permitted by applicable law, and (d) loans to affiliates of the Fund to the extent permitted by law;

 

(4) Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriting;

 

(5) Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although the Fund may purchase and sell securities or instruments that are secured by real estate or interests therein or that reflect the return of an index of real estate values, securities of real estate investment trusts and mortgage-related securities, and may hold and sell real estate acquired by the Fund as a result of the ownership of securities;

 

(6)

Invest in physical commodities, except that the Fund may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts in accordance with its investment objective and policies, including, without limitation, structured

 

30


  notes, futures contracts, swaps, options on commodities, currencies, swaps and futures, ETFs, investment pools and other instruments, regardless of whether such instrument is considered to be a commodity;

 

(7) Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.

In addition to the fundamental policies mentioned above, the Trustees have adopted the following non-fundamental policies which can be changed or amended by action of the Trustees without approval of shareholders. Again, for purposes of the following limitations, any limitation which involves a maximum percentage shall not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities by the Fund.

The Fund may not invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control or management.

For purposes of the Fund’s industry concentration policy, the Investment Adviser may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Investment Adviser may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties, and the classifications applied to Fund investments will be informed by applicable law.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

The Fund’s Leadership Structure

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”), subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Trustees are responsible for deciding matters of overall policy and reviewing the actions of the Fund’s service providers. The officers of the Fund conduct and supervise the Fund’s daily business operations. Trustees who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the Act are referred to as “Independent Trustees.” Trustees who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund are referred to as “Interested Trustees.” The Board is currently composed of three Independent Trustees and one Interested Trustee. The Board has selected an Independent Trustee to act as Chairman, whose duties include presiding at meetings of the Board and acting as a focal point to address significant issues that may arise between regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings. In the performance of the Chairman’s duties, the Chairman will consult with the other Independent Trustees and the Fund’s officers and legal counsel, as appropriate. The Chairman may perform other functions as requested by the Board from time to time.

The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. The Board will conduct regular, in-person meetings at least four times a year, and will hold special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting. In addition, the Independent Trustees will meet at least annually to review, among other things, investment management agreements, transfer agency agreements and certain other service provider agreements, and to consider such other matters as they deem appropriate.

The Board has established four standing committees – Audit, Governance and Nominating, Compliance, and Contract Review Committees. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Trustees to examine particular issues related to the Board’s oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board. For more information on the Committees, see the section “STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES,” below.

The Trustees have determined that the Fund’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Trustees to effectively perform their oversight responsibilities.

Trustees of the Fund

Information pertaining to the Trustees of the Fund as of August 26, 2014 is set forth below.

 

31


Independent Trustees

 

Name 1

   Position(s)
Held with the
Fund
   Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served 2
  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

   Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by
Trustee 3
  

Other Directorships

Held by Trustee 4

Independent Trustees

           

Ashok N. Bakhru

Age: 72

   Chairman
of the
Board of
Trustees
   Class I;
Since 2014
  

Mr. Bakhru is retired. He was President, ABN Associates (1994–1996 and 1998–2013); Director, Apollo Investment Corporation (a business development company) (2008–2013); Member of Cornell University Council (1992–2004 and 2006–Present); and was formerly Trustee, Scholarship America (1998–2005); Trustee, Institute for Higher Education Policy (2003–2008); Director, Private Equity Investors–III and IV (1998–2007), and Equity-Linked Investors II (April 2002–2007).

 

Chairman of the Board of Trustees—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (1996–Present).

   111    None

John P. Coblentz, Jr.

Age: 73

   Trustee    Class III;
Since 2014
  

Mr. Coblentz is retired. Formerly, he was Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (1975–2003); Director, Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. (2004–2006); and Director, Elderhostel, Inc. (2006–2012).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (2003–Present).

   111    None

Richard P. Strubel

Age: 75

   Trustee    Class II;
Since 2014
   Mr. Strubel is retired. Formerly, he was Director, Cardean Learning Group (provider of educational services via the internet) (2003–2008); Trustee Emeritus, The University of Chicago (1987–Present). Trustee—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (1987–Present).    111    The Northern Trust Mutual Fund Complex (64 Portfolios) (Chairman of the Board of Trustees); Gildan Activewear Inc. (a clothing marketing and manufacturing company)

 

32


Name 1

   Position(s)
Held with the
Fund
   Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served 2
  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past 5 Years

   Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by
Trustee 3
  

Other Directorships

Held by Trustee 4

Interested Trustees

           

James A. McNamara*

Age: 51

   President
and Trustee
   Class II;
Since 2014
  

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 1998–Present); Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998–December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993–April 1998).

 

President—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (November 2007–Present); Senior Vice President—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (May 2007–November 2007); and Vice President—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (2001–2007).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (since November 2007 and December 2002–May 2004).

   110    None

 

* Mr. McNamara is considered to be an “Interested Trustee” because he holds a position with Goldman Sachs and/or owns securities issued by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. He also holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor.

 

33


1 Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Goldman Sachs, 200 West Street, New York, New York, 10282, Attn: Caroline Kraus.

 

2 After a Trustee’s initial term, each Trustee is expected to serve a three-year term concurrent with the class of Trustees in which he or she serves:

 

  Class I Trustees serve an initial term until the first annual shareholder meeting subsequent to their election called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.

 

  Class II Trustees serve an initial term until the second annual shareholder meeting called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.

 

  Class III Trustees serve an initial term until the third annual shareholder meeting called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.

 

3 The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex includes the Fund, Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”), Goldman Sachs Trust II (“GSTII”), Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund (“GSCSF”), Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust (“GSVIT”) and Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund (“GSMLP”). The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex also includes, with respect to Messrs. Bakhru, Coblentz and Strubel, the Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc. (“GSBDC”). As of August 26, 2014, each of the Fund, GSTII, GSCSF and GSMLP consisted of one portfolio, the GST consisted of 93 portfolios (87 of which offered shares to the public), and the GSVIT consisted of 14 portfolios. GSBDC did not offer shares to the public.

 

4 This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ( i.e ., “public companies”), or other investment companies registered under the Act.

The significance or relevance of a Trustee’s particular experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills is considered by the Board on an individual basis. Experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills common to all Trustees include the ability to critically review, evaluate and discuss information provided to them and to interact effectively with the other Trustees and with representatives of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, other service providers, legal counsel and the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, the capacity to address financial and legal issues and exercise reasonable business judgment, and a commitment to the representation of the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Governance and Nominating Committee’s charter contains certain other factors that are considered by the Governance and Nominating Committee in identifying and evaluating potential nominees to serve as Independent Trustees. Based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, considered individually and with respect to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of other Trustees, the Board has concluded that each Trustee should serve as a Trustee. Below is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of each individual Trustee as of August 14, 2014 that led the Board to conclude that such individual should serve as a Trustee.

Ashok N. Bakhru. Mr. Bakhru has served as a Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex since 1991 and Chairman of the Board of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex since 1996. Previously, Mr. Bakhru served as Director, Apollo Investment Corporation (a business development company) (2008-2013), and President of ABN Associates, a management and financial consulting firm. In addition, Mr. Bakhru formerly was the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative Officer and Director of Coty Inc., a multinational cosmetics, fragrance and personal care company. Previously, Mr. Bakhru held several senior management positions at Scott Paper Company, a major manufacturer of paper products, including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Bakhru also serves on the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council and the Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute. He also serves on the Advisory Board of BoardIQ, an investment publication. In addition, Mr. Bakhru has served as Director of Equity-Linked Investments II and Private Equity Investors III and IV, which are private equity partnerships based in New York City. Mr. Bakhru was also a Director of Arkwright Mutual Insurance Company. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Bakhru is experienced with financial and investment matters.

John P. Coblentz, Jr. Mr. Coblentz has served as Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex since 2003. Mr. Coblentz has been designated as the Board’s “audit committee financial expert” given his extensive accounting and finance experience. Mr. Coblentz was a partner with Deloitte & Touche LLP for 28 years. While at Deloitte & Touche LLP, Mr. Coblentz was lead partner responsible for all auditing and accounting services to a variety of large, global companies, a significant portion of which operated in the financial services industry. Mr. Coblentz was also the national managing partner for

 

34


the firm’s risk management function, a member of the firm’s Management Committee and the first managing partner of the firm’s Financial Advisory Services practice, which brought together the firm’s mergers and acquisition services, forensic and dispute services, corporate finance, asset valuation and reorganization businesses under one management structure. He served as a member of the firm’s Board of Directors. Mr. Coblentz is a certified public accountant. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Coblentz is experienced with accounting, financial and investment matters.

Richard P. Strubel. Mr. Strubel has served as Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex since 1987. Mr. Strubel also serves as Chairman of the Northern Funds, a family of retail and institutional mutual funds managed by The Northern Trust Company. He also serves on the board of Gildan Activewear Inc., which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Strubel was Vice-Chairman of the Board of Cardean Learning Group (formerly known as Unext), and previously served as Unext’s President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Strubel was Managing Director of Tandem Partners, Inc., a privately-held management services firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Microdot, Inc. Previously, Mr. Strubel served as President of Northwest Industries, then a NYSE-listed company, a conglomerate with various operating entities located around the country. Before joining Northwest, Mr. Strubel was an associate and later managing principal of Fry Consultants, a management consulting firm based in Chicago. Mr. Strubel is also a Trustee Emeritus of the University of Chicago and is an adjunct professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Based on the foregoing, Mr. Strubel is experienced with financial and investment matters.

James A. McNamara. Mr. McNamara has served as Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex and President of the Trust since 2007 and has served as an officer of the Trust since 2001. Mr. McNamara is a Managing Director at Goldman Sachs. Mr. McNamara is currently head of Global Third Party Distribution at GSAM, where he was previously head of U.S. Third Party Distribution. Prior to that role, Mr. McNamara served as Director of Institutional Fund Sales. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs, Mr. McNamara was Vice President and Manager at Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation. Based on the foregoing, Mr. McNamara is experienced with financial and investment matters.

Officers of the Fund

Information pertaining to the officers of the Fund as of August 26, 2014 is set forth below.

Officers of the Fund

 

Name, Age And Address

  

Position(s) Held

With the Fund

  

Term of Office

and Length of

Time Served 1

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years

James A. McNamara

Age: 51

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

  

Trustee and

President

   Since 2014   

Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (December 1998–Present); Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998–December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993–April 1998).

 

President, Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (November 2007–Present); Senior Vice President, Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (May 2007–November 2007); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (2001–2007).

 

Trustee—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (November 2007–Present and December 2002–May 2004).

Scott McHugh

Age: 42

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer    Since 2014    Vice President, Goldman Sachs (February 2007–Present); Assistant Treasurer of certain mutual funds administered by DWS Scudder (2005–2007); and Director (2005–2007), Vice President (2000–2005), Assistant Vice President (1998–2000), Deutsche Asset Management or its predecessor (1998–2007).

 

35


Name, Age And Address

  

Position(s) Held

With the Fund

  

Term of Office

and Length of

Time Served 1

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years

         Principal Financial Officer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (November 2013–Present); Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (October 2009–Present); Senior Vice President—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (November 2009–Present); and Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (May 2007–October 2009).

Philip V. Giuca, Jr.

Age: 52

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

   Assistant Treasurer    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (May 1992–Present).

 

Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Peter Fortner

Age: 56

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

   Assistant Treasurer    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2000–Present); Principal Financial Officer, Commerce Bank Mutual Fund Complex (2008–Present); Associate, Prudential Insurance Company of America (November 1985–June 2000); and Assistant Treasurer, certain closed-end funds administered by Prudential (1999–2000).

 

Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Kenneth G. Curran

Age: 50

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

   Assistant Treasurer    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (November 1998–Present); and Senior Tax Manager, KPMG Peat Marwick (accountants) (August 1995–October 1998).

 

Assistant Treasurer—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Mark Heaney

Age: 46

Christchurch Court

10-15 Newgate Street

London, EC1A 7HD, UK

   Vice President    Since 2014   

Executive Director, GSAM (May 2005–Present); Director of Operations (UK and Ireland), Invesco Asset Management (May 2004–March 2005); Global Head of Investment Administration, Invesco Asset Management (September 2001–May 2004); Managing Director (Ireland), Invesco Asset Management (March 2000–September 2001); Director of Investment Administration, Invesco Asset Management (December 1998–March 2000).

 

Vice President—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Caroline Kraus

Age: 37

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2006–Present); Associate General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (2012–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2006–December 2011); and Associate, Weil, Gotshal & Manges, LLP (2002–2006).

 

Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (August 2012–Present); and Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (June 2012–August 2012).

 

36


Name, Age And Address

  

Position(s) Held

With the Fund

  

Term of Office

and Length of

Time Served 1

  

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years

Deborah Farrell

Age: 43

30 Hudson Street

Jersey City, NJ

07302

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2005–Present); Associate, Goldman Sachs (2001–2005); and Analyst, Goldman Sachs (1994–2005).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Andrew Murphy

Age: 41

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (April 2009–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (April 2009–Present); Attorney, Axiom Legal (2007–2009); Vice President and Counsel, AllianceBernstein, L.P. (2001–2007).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Matthew Wolfe

Age: 42

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2012–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (July 2012–Present); and Associate, Dechert LLP (2007–2012).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Robert Griffith

Age: 39

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2011–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2011–Present); Vice President and Counsel, Nomura Holding America, Inc. (2010–2011); and Associate, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (2005–2010).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Bryan W. Gallagher

Age: 34

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

   Assistant Secretary    Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2013–Present); Associate, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP (2011–2013) and Associate, Paul Hastings LLP (2007–2011).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Francesca Mead

Age: 34

200 West Street

New York, NY

10282

  

Assistant

Secretary

   Since 2014   

Vice President, Goldman Sachs (April 2014–Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (April 2014–Present); Associate, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (2012–2014); and Associate, Sidley Austin LLP (2009–2012).

 

Assistant Secretary—Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

 

1   Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board or until their successors are duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, inability to serve, removal or designation. Each officer holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor.

 

37


Standing Board Committees

The Board has established four standing committees in connection with their governance of the Fund – Audit, Governance and Nominating, Compliance and Contract Review.

The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities in overseeing financial reporting. The Audit Committee also assists the Board with the oversight of the Fund’s compliance with regulatory requirements that relate to the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the Board an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Fund for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Audit Committee.

The Governance and Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board in matters involving mutual fund governance, which includes making recommendations to the Board with respect to the effectiveness of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities in governing the Fund and overseeing their management; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or election to serve as Independent Trustees; and (iii) advise the Board on ways to improve its effectiveness. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Governance and Nominating Committee. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send a recommendation to the Fund’s Secretary that includes all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees or is required by the advance notice provisions of the Fund’s Bylaws. The Fund’s Bylaws provide that notice of a proposed nomination must include certain information about the nominee, as well as a written consent of the proposed nominee to serve if elected. A notice of a proposed item of business must include a description of the nature of the proposed matter to be considered by Shareholders stated with reasonable particularity, including the exact text of any proposal to be presented for adoption, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting of Shareholders, a brief written statement of the reasons why the proposal is in the best interest of the Shareholders and any material interest in such business of such Shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Fund at its mailing address stated in the Fund’s Prospectus and should be directed to the attention of the Goldman Sachs Fund Governance and Nominating Committee.

The Compliance Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the compliance processes: (i) of the Fund; and (ii) insofar as they relate to services provided to the Fund, of the Fund’s investment adviser, principal underwriter, administrator (if any), and transfer agent, except that compliance processes relating to the accounting and financial reporting processes, and certain related matters, are overseen by the Audit Committee. In addition, the Compliance Committee provides assistance to the full Board with respect to compliance matters. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Compliance Committee.

The Contract Review Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the processes of the Board for reviewing and monitoring performance under the Fund’s investment management, transfer agency, and certain other agreements with the Fund’s Investment Adviser and its affiliates. The Contract Review Committee is also responsible for overseeing the Board’s processes for considering and reviewing performance under the operation of the Fund’s service, shareholder administration and other plans, and any agreements related to the plans. The Contract Review Committee also provides appropriate assistance to the Board in connection with the Board’s approval, oversight and review of the Fund’s other service providers including, without limitation, the Fund’s custodian/accounting agent, sub-transfer agents, professional (legal and accounting) firms and printing firms. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Contract Review Committee.

Risk Oversight

The Board is responsible for the oversight of the activities of the Fund, including oversight of risk management. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund is the responsibility of GSAM or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to supervision by GSAM. The risks of the Fund include, but are not limited to, investment risk, compliance risk, operational risk, reputational risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Each of GSAM and the other service providers have their own independent interest in risk management and their policies and methods of risk management may differ from the Fund and each other’s in the setting of priorities,

 

38


the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result, the Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and that some risks are simply beyond the control of the Fund or GSAM, its affiliates or other service providers.

The Board effectuates its oversight role primarily through regular and special meetings of the Board and Board committees. In certain cases, risk management issues are specifically addressed in presentations and discussions. For example, GSAM has an independent dedicated Market Risk Group that assists GSAM in managing investment risk. Representatives from the Market Risk Group regularly meet with the Board to discuss their analysis and methodologies. In addition, investment risk is discussed in the context of regular presentations to the Board on Fund strategy and performance. Other types of risk are addressed as part of presentations on related topics ( e.g. compliance policies) or in the context of presentations focused specifically on one or more risks. The Board also receives reports from GSAM management on operational risks, reputational risks and counterparty risks relating to the Fund.

Board oversight of risk management is also performed by various Board committees. For example, the Audit Committee meets with both the Fund’s Management and GSAM’s internal audit group to review risk controls in place that support the Fund as well as test results, and the Compliance Committee meets with the CCO and representatives of GSAM’s compliance group to review testing results of the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures and other compliance issues. Board oversight of risk is also performed as needed between meetings through communications between GSAM and the Board. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. The Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Fund’s investments or activities.

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

The following table shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund and other portfolios of Goldman Sachs Trust, Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust, Goldman Sachs Trust II, Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund and Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc. as of December 31, 2013, unless otherwise noted.

 

Name of Trustee

   Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund 1
   Aggregate Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in All
Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen By Trustee 2

Ashok N. Bakhru

   None    Over $100,000

John P. Coblentz, Jr.

   None    Over $100,000

James A. McNamara

   None    Over $100,000

Richard P. Strubel

   None    Over $100,000

 

1   Trustee ownership as of August 26, 2014.
2   The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex includes the Fund, GST, GSTII, GSCSF, GSVIT and GSMLP. The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex also includes, with respect to Messrs. Bakhru, Coblentz and Strubel, the GSBDC. As of August 26, 2014, each of the Fund, GSTII, GSCSF and GSMLP consisted of one portfolio, the GST consisted of 93 portfolios (87 of which offered shares to the public), and the GSVIT consisted of 14 portfolios. GSBDC did not offer shares to the public.

As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations, and therefore the Trustees and Officers of the Fund did not own any of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

Board Compensation

Each Independent Trustee is compensated with a unitary annual fee for his or her services as a Trustee of the Fund and as a member of the Governance and Nominating Committee, Compliance Committee, Contract Review Committee, and Audit Committee. The Chairman and “audit committee financial expert” receive additional compensation for their services. The Independent Trustees are also reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings. The Fund may also pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.

 

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The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each Trustee of the Fund estimated for the current fiscal year:

 

Name of Trustee

   Goldman Sachs
MLP and
Energy
Renaissance
Fund*
     Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Accrued as
Part of the Fund’s
Expenses
   Total Compensation
From Fund Complex
(including the Fund)**
 

Ashok N. Bakhru

   $ 12,500       None      428,000   

John P. Coblentz, Jr.

     10,000       None      323,000   

James A. McNamara 3

           None      —     

Richard P. Strubel

     8,750       None      278,000   

 

* The Fund had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.
** Represents fees paid to each Trustee during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, from the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex. The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex includes the Fund, GST, GSTII, GSCSF, GSVIT and GSMLP. The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex also includes, with respect to Messrs. Bakhru, Coblentz and Strubel, the GSBDC. As of August 26, 2014, each of the Fund, GSTII, GSCSF and GSMLP consisted of one portfolio, the GST consisted of 93 portfolios (87 of which offered shares to the public), and the GSVIT consisted of 14 portfolios. GSBDC did not offer shares to the public.
1 Includes compensation as Board Chairman.
2 Includes compensation as “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
3 Mr. McNamara is an Interested Trustee, and as such, receives no compensation from the Fund or the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex.

Miscellaneous

Codes of Ethics . The Fund and its Investment Adviser have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. These codes of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. These codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of these codes of ethics may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington D.C. 20549-0102.

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities . Prior to the offering, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. will purchase Common Shares from the Fund in an amount sufficient to satisfy the Fund’s net worth requirements under Section 14(a) of the 1940 Act. At the time, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. will own 100% of the outstanding Common Shares. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to control the Fund until such time as it owns less than 25% of the outstanding Common Shares. However, it is anticipated that The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. will no longer be a control person once the offering is completed.

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

As stated in the Fund’s Prospectus, GSAM, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282 serves as the Investment Adviser to the Fund pursuant to a Management Agreement. GSAM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. See “Management of the Fund” in the Fund’s Prospectus for a description of the Investment Adviser’s duties to the Fund.

 

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Founded in 1869, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a publicly-held financial holding company and a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm. Goldman Sachs is a leader in developing portfolio strategies and in many fields of investing and financing, participating in financial markets worldwide and serving individuals, institutions, corporations and governments. Goldman Sachs is also among the principal market sources for current and thorough information on companies, industrial sectors, markets, economies and currencies, and trades and makes markets in a wide range of equity and debt securities 24 hours a day. The firm is headquartered in New York with offices in countries throughout the world. It has trading professionals throughout the United States, as well as in London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Seoul, Sao Paulo and other major financial centers around the world. The active participation of Goldman Sachs in the world’s financial markets enhances its ability to identify attractive investments. Goldman Sachs has agreed to permit the Fund to use the name “Goldman Sachs” or a derivative thereof as part of the Fund’s name for as long as the Fund’s Management Agreement (as described below) is in effect.

The Investment Adviser is able to draw on the substantial research and market expertise of Goldman Sachs, whose investment research effort is one of the largest in the industry. The Global Investment Research division provides original fundamental insights and analysis for clients in the equity, fixed income and currency and commodities markets. The group covers areas such as economics, portfolio strategy, derivatives and equity and credit securities in more than 25 stock markets and 50 economies and regions around the world. The in depth information and analyses generated by Goldman Sachs’ research analysts are available to the Investment Adviser subject to Chinese Wall restrictions.

In addition, many of Goldman Sachs’ economists, securities analysts, portfolio strategists and credit analysts have consistently been highly ranked in respected industry surveys conducted in the United States and abroad. Goldman Sachs is also among the leading investment firms using quantitative analytics (now used by a growing number of investors) to structure and evaluate portfolios. For example, Goldman Sachs’ options evaluation model analyzes a security’s term, coupon and call option, providing an overall analysis of the security’s value relative to its interest risk.

In managing the Fund, the Investment Adviser has access to Goldman Sachs’ economics research. The Economics Research Department based in London, conducts economic, financial and currency markets research which analyzes economic trends and interest and exchange rate movements worldwide. The Economics Research Department tracks factors such as inflation and money supply figures, balance of trade figures, economic growth, commodity prices, monetary and fiscal policies, and political events that can influence interest rates and currency trends. The success of Goldman Sachs’ international research team has brought wide recognition to its members. The team has earned top rankings in various external surveys such as Pensions and Investments, Forbes and Dalbar. These rankings acknowledge the achievements of the firm’s economists, strategists and equity analysts.

In allocating assets among foreign countries and currencies for the Fund, the Investment Adviser will have access to the Global Asset Allocation Model. The model is based on the observation that the prices of all financial assets, including foreign currencies, will adjust until investors globally are comfortable holding the pool of outstanding assets. Using the model, the Investment Adviser will estimate the total returns from each currency sector which are consistent with the average investor holding a portfolio equal to the market capitalization of the financial assets among those currency sectors. These estimated equilibrium returns are then combined with the expectations of Goldman Sachs’ research professionals to produce an optimal currency and asset allocation for the level of risk suitable for the Fund given its investment objective and criteria.

The fixed income research capabilities of Goldman Sachs available to the Investment Adviser include the Goldman Sachs Fixed Income Research Department and the Credit Department. The Fixed Income Research Department monitors developments in U.S. and foreign fixed income markets, assesses the outlooks for various sectors of the markets and provides relative value comparisons, as well as analyzes trading opportunities within and across market sectors. The Fixed Income Research Department is at the forefront in developing and using computer-based tools for analyzing fixed income securities and markets, developing new fixed income products and structuring portfolio strategies for investment policy and tactical asset allocation decisions. The Credit Department tracks specific governments, regions and industries and from time to time may review the credit quality of the Fund’s investments.

 

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The Fund’s management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) provides that GSAM, in its capacity as Investment Adviser, may render similar services to others. The Fund’s Management Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not parties to such agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto (the “non-interested Trustees”) on August 14, 2014. A discussion regarding the Trustees’ basis for approving the Management Agreement for the Fund will be available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ending November 30, 2014. The Management Agreement was last approved by the initial sole shareholder of the Fund prior to the Fund’s commencement of operations.

The Management Agreement will remain in effect for two years from its effective date so long as approved in accordance with the 1940 Act and, unless sooner terminated, will continue in effect with respect to the Fund from year to year thereafter provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of the Fund, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Fund, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

The Management Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Management Agreement is also terminable at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the other party, by the Trustees of the Fund, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by the Investment Adviser.

Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser is entitled to receive a monthly management fee at an annual rate equal to 1.00% of the average daily value of the Fund’s Managed Assets. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).

In addition, the Investment Adviser performs administrative services for the Fund under the Management Agreement. Such administrative services include, subject to the general supervision of the Trustees of the Fund, (i) supervises all non-advisory operations of the Fund; (ii) provides personnel to perform such executive, administrative and clerical services as are reasonably necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (iii) arranges for at the Fund’s expense: (a) the preparation of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders, (c) the preparation and submission of the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information and all other documents necessary to fulfill regulatory requirements and maintain registration and qualification of the Fund with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; and (d) the preparation of press releases for announcing the declaration of dividends and other material events as may be required by law; (iv) maintain all of the Fund’s records; and (v) provides adequate office space and all necessary office equipment and services including telephone service, heat, utilities, stationery supplies and similar items.

Investment Team Information

The following tables disclose other accounts within each type of category listed below for which the members of the investment team are jointly and primarily responsible for day to day portfolio management, as of August 13, 2014, unless otherwise noted.

For each member of the investment team listed below, the total number of accounts managed is a reflection of accounts within the strategy they oversee or manage, as well as accounts which participate in the sector in which the manage. There are multiple members of the investment team involved with each account.

Kyri Loupis

 

     Number of
Accounts
     Assets of
Accounts
     Number of
Accounts Subject to
a Performance Fee
     Assets Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     2       $ 3,613,988,199         0         0   

Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies

     3       $ 1,323,316,379         0         0   

Other Accounts

     3,507       $ 8,364,918,359         0         0   

 

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Ganesh V. Jois

 

     Number of
Accounts
     Assets of
Accounts
     Number of
Accounts Subject to
a Performance Fee
     Assets Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     2       $ 3,613,988,199         0         0   

Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies

     3       $ 1,323,316,379         0         0   

Other Accounts

     3,507       $ 8,364,918,359         0         0   

Matthew Cooper

 

     Number of
Accounts
     Assets of
Accounts
     Number of
Accounts Subject to
a Performance Fee
     Assets Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     2       $ 3,613,988,199         0         0   

Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies

     3       $ 1,323,316,379         0         0   

Other Accounts

     3,507       $ 8,364,918,359         0         0   

Conflicts of Interest . The Investment Adviser’s investment team is often responsible for managing the Fund as well as one or more funds and other accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles, such as unregistered hedge funds. A portfolio manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades.

The Investment Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. The Investment Adviser seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, the Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Fund and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies. For more information about conflicts of interests that may arise in connection with the investment team’s management of the Fund’s investments and the investments of other accounts, see “Potential Conflicts of Interest — Potential Conflicts Relating to the Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among Other Goldman Sachs Accounts and Potential Conflicts Relating to Goldman Sachs’ and the Investment Adviser’s Activities on Behalf of Other Accounts.”

Portfolio Managers — Compensation

Compensation for portfolio managers of the Investment Adviser is comprised of a base salary and discretionary variable compensation. The base salary is fixed from year to year. Year-end discretionary variable compensation is primarily a function of each portfolio manager’s individual performance and his or her contribution to overall team performance; the performance of the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs; the team’s net revenues for the past year which in part is derived from advisory fees, and for certain accounts, performance-based fees; and anticipated compensation levels among competitor firms. Portfolio managers are rewarded, in part, for

 

43


their delivery of investment performance, measured on a pre-tax basis, which is reasonably expected to meet or exceed the expectations of clients and fund shareholders in terms of: excess return over an applicable benchmark, peer group ranking, risk management and factors specific to certain funds such as yield or regional focus. Performance is judged over 1-, 3- and 5-year time horizons.

For compensation purposes, the benchmark for the Fund is the Alerian MLP Index Total Return.

The discretionary variable compensation for portfolio managers is also significantly influenced by: (1) effective participation in team research discussions and process; and (2) management of risk in alignment with the targeted risk parameter and investment objective of the Fund. Other factors may also be considered including: (1) general client/shareholder orientation and (2) teamwork and leadership. Portfolio managers may receive equity-based awards as part of their discretionary variable compensation.

Other Compensation — In addition to base salary and discretionary variable compensation, the Investment Adviser has a number of additional benefits in place including (1) a 401k program that enables employees to direct a percentage of their pretax salary and bonus income into a tax-qualified retirement plan; and (2) investment opportunity programs in which certain professionals may participate subject to certain eligibility requirements.

Portfolio Managers — Portfolio Managers’ Ownership of Shares of the Fund

The Fund was not in operation prior to the date of this SAI. Consequently, the portfolio managers own no securities issued by the Fund.

Expenses

The Fund is responsible for the payment of certain of its expenses, including without limitation: (i) the fees payable to the Investment Adviser; (ii) fees and expenses incurred by the Fund in connection with membership in investment company organizations; (iii) brokers’ commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions; (iv) payment for portfolio pricing services to a pricing agent, if any; (v) legal, auditing or accounting expenses (vi) loan commitment fees; distribution fees; interest; taxes or governmental fees; (vii) the fees and expenses of the administrator, transfer and dividend disbursing agent of the Fund; (viii) the cost of preparing stock certificates or any other expenses, including clerical expenses of issue, sale or repurchase of Shares of the Fund, including expenses of conducting tender or repurchase offers for purposes of repurchasing Shares; (ix) the cost of fidelity, Trustees and officers and errors and omissions insurance; (x) the expenses of and fees for registering or qualifying Shares for sale and of maintaining the registration of the Fund and registering the Fund as a broker or a dealer; (xi) the fees and expenses of Trustees of the Fund who are not affiliated with you; (xii) communications expenses with respect to investor services and all expenses of shareholder and Trustees meetings and of preparing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information, proxy statements, reports and notices to shareholders, the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (xiii) the fees or disbursements of custodians of the Fund’s assets, including expenses incurred in the performance of any obligations enumerated by the Declaration of Trust or By-Laws of the Fund insofar as they govern agreements with any such custodian; (xiv) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; (xv) if you are deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund, the out-of-pocket costs incurred by you in connection with your preparation or revision of the Fund’s disclosure documents and periodic reports to shareholders in order to comply with the CEA and/or the rules adopted by the CFTC thereunder; (xvi) costs of stationery; (xvii) website costs; or (xviii) the fees and expenses involved in listing on any exchange where the capital stock will trade.

Fees and expenses borne by the Fund relating to legal counsel, registering shares of the Fund, holding meetings and communicating with shareholders may include an allocable portion of the cost of maintaining an internal legal and compliance department. The Fund may also bear an allocable portion of the Investment Adviser’s costs of performing certain accounting services not being provided by the Fund’s custodian.

The imposition of the Investment Adviser’s fees, as well as other operating expenses, will have the effect of reducing the total return to investors. From time to time, the Investment Adviser may waive receipt of fees and/or assume certain expenses of the Fund, which would have the effect of lowering the Fund’s overall expense ratio and increasing total return to investors at the time such amounts are waived or assumed, as the case may be.

 

44


Such reductions or limits, if any, are calculated monthly on a cumulative basis during the Fund’s fiscal year.

Fund Accounting Agent

State Street will provide certain fund accounting services to the Fund pursuant to a Fund Accounting Agreement (the “Fund Accounting Agreement”). Pursuant to the Fund Accounting Agreement, State Street will provide the Fund with, among other things, customary fund accounting services, including computing the Fund’s NAV and maintaining books, records and other documents relating to the Fund’s financial and portfolio transactions, and customary fund administration services, including assisting the Fund with regulatory filings, tax compliance and other oversight activities.

Transfer and Plan Agent

Computershare, 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station, TX 77845, serves as the Fund’s Transfer and Plan Agent with respect to the Common Shares.

Custodian and Sub-Custodians

State Street, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves as the custodian of the Fund’s portfolio securities and cash. State Street also maintains the Fund’s accounting records. State Street may appoint domestic and foreign sub-custodians and use depositories from time to time to hold certain securities and other instruments purchased by the Fund in foreign countries and to hold cash and currencies for the Fund.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, has been appointed the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. In addition to audit services, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP prepares the Fund’s federal and state tax returns and provides assistance on certain non-audit matters.

 

45


POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

General Categories of Conflicts Associated with the Funds

Goldman Sachs (which, for purposes of this “ POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ” section, shall mean, collectively, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Investment Adviser and their affiliates, directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees) is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, Goldman Sachs provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base. In those and other capacities, Goldman Sachs advises clients in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds and recommends a broad array of investments for its own accounts and for the accounts of clients and of its personnel, through client accounts and the relationships and products it sponsors, manages and advises (such Goldman Sachs or other client accounts (including the Funds), relationships and products collectively, the “Accounts”). Goldman Sachs has direct and indirect interests in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equities, bank loan and other markets, and the securities and issuers, in which the Funds may directly and indirectly invest. As a result, Goldman Sachs’ activities and dealings may affect the Funds in ways that may disadvantage or restrict the Funds and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other Accounts. For purposes of this “ POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ” section, “Funds” shall mean, collectively, the Fund and any of the other Goldman Sachs Funds.

The following are descriptions of certain conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest that may be associated with the financial or other interests that the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs may have in transactions effected by, with, and on behalf of the Funds. They are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or explanation of all of the potential conflicts of interest that may arise. Additional information about potential conflicts of interest regarding the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs is set forth in the Investment

Adviser’s Form ADV, which prospective shareholders should review prior to purchasing Fund shares. A copy of Part 1 and Part 2 of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV is available on the SEC’s website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov). A copy of Part 2 of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV will be provided to shareholders or prospective shareholders upon request.

The Sale of Fund Shares and the Allocation of Investment Opportunities

Sales Incentives and Related Conflicts Arising from Goldman Sachs’ Financial and Other Relationships with Intermediaries

Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of the Investment Adviser, may have relationships (both involving and not involving the Funds, and including without limitation placement, brokerage, advisory and board relationships) with distributors, consultants and others who recommend, or engage in transactions with or for, the Funds. Such distributors, consultants and other parties may receive compensation from Goldman Sachs or the Funds in connection with such relationships. As a result of these relationships, distributors, consultants and other parties may have conflicts that create incentives for them to promote the Funds.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs and the Funds may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries and to salespersons to promote the Funds. These payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs’ assets, or amounts payable to Goldman Sachs. These payments may create an incentive for such persons to highlight, feature or recommend the Funds.

Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among the Funds and Other Accounts

The Investment Adviser may manage or advise multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and its personnel have an interest) that have investment objectives that are similar to the Funds and that may seek to make investments or sell investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the Funds. This may create potential conflicts, particularly in circumstances where the availability of such investment opportunities is limited ( e.g. , in local and emerging markets, non-investment grade securities, fixed income securities, regulated industries, small capitalization and initial public offerings/new issues) or where the liquidity of such investment opportunities is limited.

 

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The Investment Adviser does not receive performance-based compensation in respect of its investment management activities on behalf of the Funds, but may simultaneously manage Accounts for which the Investment Adviser receives greater fees or other compensation (including performance-based fees or allocations) than it receives in respect of the Funds. The simultaneous management of Accounts that pay greater fees or other compensation and the Funds may create a conflict of interest as the Investment Adviser may have an incentive to favor Accounts with the potential to receive greater fees. For instance, the Investment Adviser may be faced with a conflict of interest when allocating scarce investment opportunities given the possibly greater fees from Accounts that pay performance-based fees. To address these types of conflicts, the Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures under which it will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that it believes is consistent with its obligations as an investment adviser. However, the amount, timing, structuring or terms of an investment by the Funds may differ from, and performance may be lower than, the investments and performance of other Accounts.

To address these potential conflicts, the Investment Adviser has developed allocation policies and procedures that provide that Goldman Sachs personnel making portfolio decisions for Accounts will make purchase and sale decisions for, and allocate investment opportunities among, Accounts consistent with the Investment Adviser’s fiduciary obligations. These policies and procedures may result in the pro rata allocation (on a basis determined by the Investment Adviser) of limited opportunities across eligible Accounts managed by a particular portfolio management team, but in many other cases the allocations reflect numerous other factors as described below. Accounts managed by different portfolio management teams may be viewed separately for allocation purposes. There will be cases where certain Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and Goldman Sachs personnel have an interest) receive an allocation of an investment opportunity when the Funds do not.

Allocation-related decisions for the Funds and other Accounts may be made by reference to one or more factors, including without limitation: the Account’s portfolio and its investment horizons, objectives, guidelines and restrictions (including legal and regulatory restrictions affecting certain Accounts or affecting holdings across Accounts); strategic fit and other portfolio management considerations, including different desired levels of exposure to certain strategies; the expected future capacity of the applicable Accounts; limits on the Investment Adviser’s brokerage discretion; cash and liquidity considerations; and the availability of other appropriate investment opportunities. Suitability considerations, reputational matters and other considerations may also be considered. The application of these considerations may cause differences in the performance of Accounts that have strategies similar to those of the Fund. In addition, in some cases the Investment Adviser may make investment recommendations to Accounts where the Accounts make investments independently of the Investment Adviser. In circumstances in which there is limited availability of an investment opportunity, if such Accounts invest in the investment opportunity prior to a Fund, the availability of the investment opportunity for the Fund will be reduced irrespective of the Investment Adviser’s policies regarding allocation of investments. Additional information about the Investment Adviser’s allocation policies is set forth in Item 6 of Part 2 (“PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT — Side-by-Side Management”) of the Investment Adviser’s Form ADV.

The Investment Adviser may, from time to time, develop and implement new trading strategies or seek to participate in new trading strategies and investment opportunities. These strategies and opportunities may not be employed in all Accounts or employed pro rata among Accounts where they are employed, even if the strategy or opportunity is consistent with the objectives of such Accounts.

During periods of unusual market conditions, the Investment Adviser may deviate from its normal trade allocation practices. For example, this may occur with respect to the management of unlevered and/or long-only Accounts that are typically managed on a side-by-side basis with levered and/or long-short Accounts.

The Investment Adviser and the Funds may receive notice of, or offers to participate in, investment opportunities. The Investment Adviser in its sole discretion will determine whether a Fund will participate in any such investment opportunities and investors should not expect that the Fund will participate in any such investment opportunities. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing, the Funds may or may not receive, but in any event will have no rights with respect to, opportunities sourced by Goldman Sachs businesses and affiliates other than the Investment Adviser. Opportunities or any portion thereof that the Funds do not participate in may be offered to other Accounts, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), all or certain investors in the Funds, or such other persons or entities as determined by Goldman Sachs in its sole discretion, and the Funds will not receive any compensation related to such opportunities.

 

47


Goldman Sachs’ Financial and Other Interests May Incentivize Goldman Sachs to Promote the Sale of Fund Shares

Goldman Sachs and its personnel have interests in promoting sales of Fund shares, and the compensation from such sales may be greater than the compensation relating to sales of interests in other Accounts. Therefore, Goldman Sachs and its personnel may have a financial interest in promoting Fund shares over interests in other Accounts.

Management of the Funds by the Investment Adviser

Potential Restrictions and Issues Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs

Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different businesses within Goldman Sachs. As a result of information barriers, the Investment Adviser generally will not have access, or will have limited access, to information and personnel in other areas of Goldman Sachs, and generally will not be able to manage the Funds with the benefit of information held by such other areas. Such other areas, including without limitation, Goldman Sachs’ prime brokerage and administration businesses, will have broad access to detailed information that is not available to the Investment Adviser, including information in respect of markets and investments, which, if known to the Investment Adviser, might cause the Investment Adviser to seek to dispose of, retain or increase interests in investments held by the Funds or acquire certain positions on behalf of the Funds, or take other actions. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation or fiduciary or other duty to make any such information available to the Investment Adviser or personnel of the Investment Adviser involved in decision-making for the Funds. In addition, Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation to make available any information regarding its trading activities, strategies or views, or the activities, strategies or views used for other Accounts, for the benefit of the Funds. Different portfolio management teams within the Investment Adviser may make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to Accounts they advise in a manner that may be adverse to the Funds. Such teams may not share information with the Funds’ portfolio management teams, including as a result of certain information barriers and other policies, and will not have any obligation to do so.

Valuation of the Fund’s Investments

The Investment Adviser, while not the primary valuation agent of the Funds, performs certain valuation services related to securities and assets in the Funds. The Investment Adviser values securities and assets in the Funds according to its valuation policies. The Investment Adviser may value an identical asset differently than another division or unit within Goldman Sachs values the asset, including because such other division or unit has information regarding valuation techniques and models or other information that it does not share with the Investment Adviser. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. The Investment Adviser may also value an identical asset differently in different Accounts ( e.g. , because different Accounts are subject to different valuation guidelines pursuant to their respective governing agreements, different third party vendors are hired to perform valuation functions for the Accounts or the Accounts are managed or advised by different portfolio management teams within the Investment Adviser). The Investment Adviser may face a conflict with respect to such valuations as they affect the Investment Adviser’s compensation.

Goldman Sachs’ and the Investment Adviser’s Activities on Behalf of Other Accounts

Goldman Sachs engages in various activities in the global financial markets. Goldman Sachs, acting in various capacities (including investment banker, market maker, investor, broker, advisor and research provider), may take actions or advise on transactions in respect of Accounts (including the Funds) or companies or affiliated or unaffiliated investment funds in which one or more Funds have an interest that may have potential adverse effects on the Funds.

The Investment Adviser provides advisory services to the Funds. The Investment Adviser’s decisions and actions on behalf of the Funds may differ from those on behalf of other Accounts. Advice given to, or investment or voting decisions made for, one or more Accounts may compete with, affect, differ from, conflict with, or involve timing different from, advice given to or investment decisions made for the Funds.

 

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Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), the clients it advises, and its personnel have interests in and advise Accounts that have investment objectives or portfolios similar to or opposed to those of the Funds, and/or which engage in and compete for transactions in the same types of securities and other instruments as the Funds. Transactions by such Accounts may involve the same or related securities or other instruments as those in which the Funds invest, and may negatively affect the Funds or the prices or terms at which the Funds’ transactions may be effected. For example, Accounts may engage in a strategy while the Funds are undertaking the same or a differing strategy, any of which could directly or indirectly disadvantage the Funds. The Funds on one hand and Goldman Sachs or Accounts on the other hand may also vote differently on or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to the same security, which may be disadvantageous to the Funds. Goldman Sachs or Accounts, on the one hand, and a Fund, on the other hand, may also invest in or extend credit to different classes of securities or different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer and as a result Goldman Sachs or Accounts may take actions that adversely affect the Fund. In addition, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may advise Accounts with respect to different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer, or classes of securities that are subordinate or senior to, securities, in which a Fund invests. As a result, Goldman Sachs may pursue or enforce rights or activities, or refrain from pursuing or enforcing rights or activities, on behalf of Accounts with respect to a particular issuer in which one or more Funds have invested. The Funds could sustain losses during periods in which Goldman Sachs and other Accounts achieve profits. The negative effects described above may be more pronounced in connection with transactions in, or the Funds’ use of, small capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.

Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) and its personnel may advise on transactions, make investment decisions or recommendations, provide differing investment views or have views with respect to research or valuations that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the interests and activities of the Funds. Similarly, the Investment Adviser’s investment teams may have differing investment views in respect of an issuer or a security, and the positions a Fund’s investment team takes in respect of the Fund may be inconsistent with, or adversely affected by, the interests and activities of the Accounts advised by other investment teams of the Investment Adviser. Research, analyses or viewpoints may be available to clients or potential clients at different times. Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation to make available to the Funds any research or analysis prior to its public dissemination. The Investment Adviser is responsible for making investment decisions on behalf of the Funds and such investment decisions can differ from investment decisions or recommendations by Goldman Sachs on behalf of other Accounts. Goldman Sachs, on behalf of one or more Accounts and in accordance with its management of such Accounts, may implement an investment decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, or behind similar investment decisions or strategies made for the Funds. The relative timing for the implementation of investment decisions or strategies for Accounts, on the one hand, and the Funds, on the other hand, may disadvantage the Funds. Certain factors, for example, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other circumstances, could result in the Funds receiving less favorable trading results or incurring increased costs associated with implementing such investment decisions or strategies, or being otherwise disadvantaged.

Subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may cause the Funds to invest in securities, bank loans or other obligations of companies affiliated with or advised by Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs or Accounts have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment transactions that may result in other Accounts being relieved of obligations or otherwise divested of investments, which may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs’ or other Accounts’ investment in and activities with respect to such companies.

When the Investment Adviser wishes to place an order for different types of Accounts (including the Funds) for which aggregation is not practicable, the Investment Adviser may use a trade sequencing and rotation policy to determine which type of Account is to be traded first. Under this policy, each portfolio management team may determine the length of its trade rotation period and the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period provided that the trading periods and these sequencing schedules are designed to be fair and equitable over time. The portfolio management teams currently base their trading periods and rotation schedules on the relative amounts of assets managed for different client categories ( e.g. , unconstrained client accounts, “wrap program” accounts, etc.) and, as a result, the Funds may trade behind other Accounts. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes when and how frequently a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. The Investment Adviser may deviate from the predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, and the Investment Adviser’s trade sequencing and rotation policy may be amended, modified or supplemented at any time without prior notice to clients.

 

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Investments in Goldman Sachs Funds

To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may invest in money market and other funds sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the Act, will pay all advisory, administrative or Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to the investment, and fees to the Investment Adviser in its capacity as manager of the Funds will not be reduced thereby ( i.e ., there could be “double fees” involved in making any such investment because Goldman Sachs could receive fees with respect to both the management of the Funds and such money market fund). In such circumstances, as well as in all other circumstances in which Goldman Sachs receives any fees or other compensation in any form relating to the provision of services, no accounting or repayment to the Funds will be required.

Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource

Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may from time to time and without notice to investors in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to the Funds in its administrative or other capacities. Such in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.

Distributions of Assets Other Than Cash

With respect to redemptions from the Funds, the Funds may, in certain circumstances, have discretion to decide whether to permit or limit redemptions and whether to make distributions in connection with redemptions in the form of securities or other assets, and in such case, the composition of such distributions. In making such decisions, the Investment Adviser may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities with respect to redeeming investors and remaining investors.

Goldman Sachs May Act in a Capacity Other Than Investment Adviser to the Funds

Principal and Cross Transactions

When permitted by applicable law and the Investment Adviser’s policies, the Investment Adviser, acting on behalf of the Funds, may enter into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through Goldman Sachs or in Accounts managed by the Investment Adviser, and may cause the Funds to engage in transactions in which the Investment Adviser acts as principal on its own behalf (principal transactions), advises both sides of a transaction (cross transactions) and acts as broker for, and receives a commission from, the Funds on one side of a transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the transaction (agency cross transactions). There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit the Investment Adviser’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Funds. Goldman Sachs may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions, and has developed policies and procedures in relation to such transactions and conflicts. Any principal, cross or agency cross transactions will be effected in accordance with fiduciary requirements and applicable law.

Goldman Sachs May Act in Multiple Commercial Capacities

To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or advisor or in other commercial capacities for the Funds or issuers of securities held by the Funds. Goldman Sachs may be entitled to compensation in connection with the provision of such services, and the Funds will not be entitled to any such compensation. Goldman Sachs will have an interest in obtaining fees and other compensation in connection with such services that are favorable to Goldman Sachs, and in connection with providing such services may take commercial steps in its own interests, or may advise the parties to which it is providing services to take actions or engage in transactions, that negatively affect the Funds. For example, Goldman Sachs may advise a company to make changes to its capital structure the result of which would be a reduction in the value or priority of a security held by one or more Funds. Actions taken or advised to be taken by Goldman Sachs in connection with other types of transactions may also result in adverse consequences for the Fund. In addition, due to its access to and knowledge of funds, markets and securities based on its other businesses, Goldman Sachs may make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to interests in investments of the kind held directly or indirectly by the Funds in a manner that may be adverse to the Funds. Goldman Sachs may also provide various services to the Funds or to issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, which may result in fees, compensation and remuneration as well as other benefits to Goldman Sachs, enhance Goldman Sachs’ relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development and enable Goldman Sachs to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.

 

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To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may create, write, sell, issue, invest in or act as placement agent or distributor of derivative instruments related to the Funds, or with respect to underlying securities or assets of the Funds, or which may be otherwise based on or seek to replicate or hedge the performance of the Funds. Such derivative transactions, and any associated hedging activity, may differ from and be adverse to the interests of the Funds.

Goldman Sachs may make loans to shareholders or enter into similar transactions that are secured by a pledge of, or mortgage over, a shareholder’s Fund shares, which would provide Goldman Sachs with the right to redeem such Fund shares in the event that such shareholder defaults on its obligations. These transactions and related redemptions may be significant and may be made without notice to the shareholders.

Goldman Sachs may make loans to clients or enter into asset-based or other credit facilities or similar transactions with clients that are secured by a client’s assets or interests other than Fund shares. In connection with its rights as lender, Goldman Sachs may take actions that adversely affect the borrower. The borrower’s actions may in turn adversely affect the Funds ( e.g. , if the borrower rapidly liquidates a large position in a security that is held by one or more Funds, the value of such security may decline and the value of the Funds may in turn decline in value or may be unable to liquidate their positions in such security at an advantageous price).

Code of Ethics and Personal Trading

The Fund and Goldman Sachs, as the Fund’s Investment Adviser, has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act designed to provide that personnel of the Investment Adviser, and certain additional Goldman Sachs personnel who support the Investment Adviser, comply with applicable federal securities laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. The Code of Ethics imposes certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal accounts of covered persons to help avoid conflicts of interest. Subject to the limitations of the Code of Ethics, covered persons may buy and sell securities or other investments for their personal accounts, including investments in the Fund, and may also take positions that are the same as, different from, or made at different times than, positions taken by the Fund. The Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-942-8090. The Codes of Ethics are also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies may also be obtained after paying a duplicating fee by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102, or by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov. Additionally, all Goldman Sachs personnel, including personnel of the Investment Adviser, are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, private investments, outside business activities and personal trading.

Proxy Voting by the Investment Adviser

The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Fund, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, proxy voting decisions made by the Investment Adviser in respect of securities held by the Fund may benefit the interests of Goldman Sachs and/or Accounts other than the Fund. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the section of this SAI entitled “Proxy Voting.”

Potential Limitations and Restrictions on Investment Opportunities and Activities of Goldman Sachs and the Funds

The Investment Adviser may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of the Funds in various circumstances, including as a result of applicable regulatory requirements, information held by Goldman Sachs, Goldman Sachs’ internal policies and/or potential reputational risk in connection with Accounts (including the Funds). As a result, the Investment Adviser might not engage in transactions for one or more Funds in consideration of Goldman Sachs’ activities outside the Funds ( e.g. , the Investment Adviser may refrain from making

 

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investments for the Funds that would cause Goldman Sachs to exceed position limits or cause Goldman Sachs to have additional disclosure obligations and may limit purchases or sales of securities in respect of which Goldman Sachs is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution). The Investment Adviser may also reduce a Fund’s interest in an investment opportunity that has limited availability so that other Accounts that pursue similar investment strategies may be able to acquire an interest in the investment opportunity. In addition, the Investment Adviser is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information in effecting purchases and sales in public securities transactions for the Funds. The Investment Adviser may also limit an activity or transaction engaged in by the Funds, and may limit its exercise of rights on behalf of the Funds for reputational or other reasons, including where Goldman Sachs is providing (or may provide) advice or services to an entity involved in such activity or transaction, where Goldman Sachs or an Account is or may be engaged in the same or a related transaction to that being considered on behalf of the Funds, where Goldman Sachs or an Account has an interest in an entity involved in such activity or transaction, or where such activity or transaction or the exercise of such rights on behalf of or in respect of the Funds could affect Goldman Sachs, the Investment Adviser or their activities. The Investment Adviser may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of one or more Funds and not on behalf of other Accounts.

Brokerage Transactions

The Investment Adviser may select broker-dealers (including affiliates of the Investment Adviser) that furnish the Investment Adviser, the Fund, their affiliates and other Goldman Sachs personnel with proprietary or third party brokerage and research services (collectively, “brokerage and research services”) that provide, in the Investment Adviser’s view, appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the investment decision-making process. As a result, the Investment Adviser may pay for such brokerage and research services with “soft” or commission dollars.

Brokerage and research services may be used to service the Funds and any or all other Accounts, including Accounts that do not pay commissions to the broker-dealer relating to the brokerage and research service arrangements. As a result, brokerage and research services (including soft dollar benefits) may disproportionately benefit other Accounts relative to the Funds based on the relative amount of commissions paid by the Funds. The Investment Adviser does not attempt to allocate soft dollar benefits proportionately among clients or to track the benefits of brokerage and research services to the commissions associated with a particular Account or group of Accounts.

Aggregation of Trades by the Investment Adviser

The Investment Adviser follows policies and procedures pursuant to which it may combine or aggregate purchase or sale orders for the same security for multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs has an interest) (sometimes called “bunching”), so that the orders can be executed at the same time. The Investment Adviser aggregates orders when the Investment Adviser considers doing so appropriate and in the interests of its clients generally. In addition, under certain circumstances trades for the Funds may be aggregated with Accounts that contain Goldman Sachs assets. When a bunched order is completely filled, the Investment Adviser generally will allocate the securities purchased or proceeds of sale pro rata among the participating Accounts, based on the purchase or sale order. If an order is filled at several different prices, through multiple trades (whether at a particular broker-dealer or among multiple broker-dealers), generally all participating Accounts will receive the average price and pay the average commission, however, this may not always be the case (due to, e.g. , odd lots, rounding, market practice or constraints applicable to particular Accounts).

Although it may do so in certain circumstances, the Investment Adviser generally does not bunch or aggregate orders for different Funds, or net buy and sell orders for the same Fund, if portfolio management decisions relating to the orders are made by separate portfolio management teams, if bunching, aggregating or netting is not appropriate or practicable from the Investment Adviser’s operational or other perspective, or if doing so would not be appropriate in light of applicable regulatory considerations. The Investment Adviser may be able to negotiate a better price and lower commission rate on aggregated trades than on trades for Funds that are not aggregated, and incur lower transaction costs on netted trades than trades that are not netted. Where transactions for a Fund are not aggregated with other orders, or not netted against orders for the Fund, the Fund may not benefit from a better price and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost.

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

The Investment Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge a negotiated commission for their services. Increasingly, securities traded OTC also involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. Orders may be directed to any broker including, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs.

In the OTC market, most securities have historically traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of a security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.

In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Fund, the Investment Adviser is generally required to give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable execution and net price available. This means that the Investment Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (“Section 28(e)”), the Fund may pay a broker which provides brokerage and research services to the Fund an amount of disclosed commission in excess of the commission which another broker would have charged for effecting that transaction. Such practice is subject to a good faith determination that such commission is reasonable in light of the services provided and to such policies as the Trustees may adopt from time to time. While the Investment Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive spreads or commissions, the Fund will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission available. Within the framework of this policy, the Investment Adviser will consider research and investment services provided by brokers or dealers who effect or are parties to portfolio transactions of the Fund, the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, or their other clients. Such research and investment services are those which brokerage houses customarily provide to institutional investors and include research reports on particular industries and companies; economic surveys and analyses; recommendations as to specific securities; research products including quotation equipment and computer related programs; advice concerning the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities and the availability of securities or the purchasers or sellers of securities; analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and performance of accounts; services relating to effecting securities transactions and functions incidental thereto (such as clearance and settlement); and other lawful and appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the performance of its decision-making responsibilities.

Such services are used by the Investment Adviser in connection with all of its investment activities, and some of such services obtained in connection with the execution of transactions for the Fund may be used in managing other investment accounts. Conversely, brokers furnishing such services may be selected for the execution of transactions of such other accounts, whose aggregate assets may be larger than those of the Fund, and the services furnished by such brokers may be used by the Investment Adviser in providing management services for the Fund. The Investment Adviser may also participate in so-called “commission sharing arrangements” and “client commission arrangements” under which the Investment Adviser may execute transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser excludes from use under these arrangements those products and services that are not fully eligible under applicable law and regulatory interpretations—even as to the portion that would be eligible if accounted for separately.

The research services received as part of commission sharing and client commission arrangements will comply with Section 28(e) and may be subject to different legal requirements in the jurisdictions in which the Investment Adviser does business. Participating in commission sharing and client commission arrangements may enable the Investment Adviser to consolidate payments for research through one or more channels using accumulated client commissions or credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to obtain research provided by other firms. Such arrangements also help to ensure the continued receipt of research services while facilitating best execution in the trading process. The Investment Adviser believes such research services are

 

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useful in its investment decision-making process by, among other things, ensuring access to a variety of high quality research, access to individual analysts and availability of resources that the Investment Adviser might not be provided access to absent such arrangements.

On occasions when the Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as its other customers (including any other fund or other investment company or advisory account for which the Investment Adviser acts as investment adviser or sub-investment adviser), the Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other customers in order to obtain the best net price and most favorable execution under the circumstances. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and such other customers. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the price and size of the position obtainable for the Fund.

The Fund may participate in a commission recapture program. Under the program, participating broker-dealers rebate a percentage of commissions earned on Fund portfolio transactions to the Fund from which the commissions were generated. The rebated commissions are expected to be treated as realized capital gains of the Fund.

Subject to the above considerations, the Investment Adviser may use Goldman Sachs or an affiliate as a broker for the Fund. In order for Goldman Sachs or an affiliate, acting as agent, to effect any portfolio transactions for the Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by Goldman Sachs or an affiliate must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities or futures contracts. Furthermore, the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, have adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to Goldman Sachs are consistent with the foregoing standard. Brokerage transactions with Goldman Sachs are also subject to such fiduciary standards as may be imposed upon Goldman Sachs by applicable law.

Commission rates in the U.S. are established pursuant to negotiations with the broker based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by the broker in the light of generally prevailing rates. The allocation of orders among brokers and the commission rates paid are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund may vary substantially from year to year because of differences in shareholder purchase and redemption activity, portfolio turnover rates and other factors.

Since the Fund is newly-organized, it did not pay brokerage commissions during the last three fiscal years.

SHARES OF THE FUND

Common Shares

The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares being offered have a par value of $.001 per share and, subject to the rights of the holders of Preferred Shares, if any, have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation. The Common Shares being offered will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable, and currently have no preemptive or conversion rights (except as may otherwise be determined by the Board in their sole discretion) or rights to cumulative voting.

It is anticipated that the Common Shares will be approved for listing on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “GER.” The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as annual meetings are required by the 1940 Act, applicable regulations or requirements of the NYSE or other exchange on which Common Shares are listed.

 

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Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the exchange through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than NAV. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than NAV and during other periods have traded at prices lower than NAV. Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, NAV, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than NAV in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.

Shareholder and Trustee Liability. Under Delaware law, the shareholders of the Fund are not generally subject to liability for the debts or obligations of the Fund. Similarly, Delaware law provides that a series of the Fund will not be liable for the debts or obligations of any other series of the Fund. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in other states. As a result, to the extent that a Delaware statutory trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts of such other states, the courts may not apply Delaware law and may thereby subject the Delaware statutory trust shareholders to liability. To guard against this risk, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Fund. In view of the above, the risk of personal liability of shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust is remote.

In addition to the requirements under Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders of the Fund or any series may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Fund only if the following conditions, among others, are met: (a) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Fund shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (b) prior to the commencement of such derivative action, the complaining shareholders must have made a written demand that the Trustees cause the Fund to file the action on behalf of the Fund. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Fund for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees shall not have any liability to the Fund, any series or class, any shareholder or any person; provided that nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

Preferred Shares

The Declaration of Trust provides that the Fund’s Board may authorize and issue Preferred Shares with rights as determined by the Board, by action of the Board without the approval of the holders of the Fund’s common shareholders. Common shareholders have no preemptive right to purchase any Preferred Shares that might be issued.

The Fund may elect to issue Preferred Shares as part of its leverage strategy. The Fund currently has the ability to issue Preferred Shares representing up to 50% of the Fund’s total assets (less the Fund’s obligations under senior securities representing indebtedness). Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue Preferred Shares if, immediately after such issuance, the liquidation value of the Fund’s outstanding Preferred Shares exceeds 50% of its assets (including the proceeds from the issuance) less liabilities other than borrowings ( i.e. , the value of the Fund’s assets must be at least 200% of the liquidation value of its outstanding Preferred Shares). In addition, the Fund would not be permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value. Although the terms of any Preferred Shares, including dividend rate, liquidation preference and redemption provisions, will be determined by the Board, subject to applicable law and the Declaration of Trust, it is likely that the Preferred Shares will be structured to carry a relatively short-term dividend rate reflecting interest rates on short-term bonds, by providing for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through an auction, remarketing or other procedure. The Fund also believes that it is likely that the liquidation preference, voting rights and redemption provisions of the Preferred Shares will be similar to those stated below.

 

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Liquidation Preference . In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the holders of Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which is expected to equal the original purchase price per Preferred Share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before any distribution of assets is made to common shareholders. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.

Voting Rights . The 1940 Act requires that the holders of any Preferred Shares, voting separately as a single class, have the right to elect at least two Trustees at all times. The remaining Trustees will be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the holders of any Preferred Shares have the right to elect a majority of the Trustees of the Fund at any time that two years of dividends on any Preferred Shares are unpaid. The 1940 Act also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a class, would be required to: (i) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the Preferred Shares; and (ii) take any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act, including, among other things, changes in the Fund’s subclassification as a closed-end investment company or changes in its fundamental investment restrictions. As a result of these voting rights, the Fund’s ability to take any such actions may be impeded to the extent that there are any Preferred Shares outstanding. The Board presently intends that, except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or the SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law or the Declaration of Trust, holders of Preferred Shares will have equal voting rights with common shareholders (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act) and will vote together with common shareholders as a single class.

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences, rights or powers of holders of Preferred Shares so as to affect materially and adversely such preferences, rights or powers, or to increase or decrease the authorized number of Preferred Shares. The class vote of holders of Preferred Shares described above will in each case be in addition to any other vote required to authorize the action in question.

Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares by the Fund . The terms of any Preferred Shares issued are expected to provide that: (i) they are redeemable by the Fund in whole or in part at the original purchase price per share plus accrued dividends per share; (ii) the Fund may tender for or purchase Preferred Shares; and (iii) the Fund may subsequently resell any shares so tendered for or purchased. Any redemption or purchase of Preferred Shares by the Fund will reduce any leverage applicable to the Common Shares, while any resale of shares by the Fund will increase that leverage.

The discussion above describes the possible offering of Preferred Shares by the Fund. If the Board determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms of the Preferred Shares may be the same as, or different from, the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Board, without the approval of the common shareholders, may authorize an offering of Preferred Shares or may determine not to authorize such an offering, and may fix the terms of the Preferred Shares to be offered.

NET ASSET VALUE

In accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees of the Fund, the NAV per Share of the Fund is calculated by subtracting the Fund’s liabilities (including accrued expenses, dividends payable and any borrowings of the Fund), and the liquidation value of any outstanding Preferred Shares of the Fund from the Fund’s total assets (the value of the securities the Fund holds plus cash or other assets, including interest accrued but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total number of Common Shares of the Fund outstanding.

All securities are valued on each Business Day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally, but not always, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard time) or such other time as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ market may officially close. The term “Business Day” means any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading, which is Monday through Friday except for holidays. The New York Stock Exchange is closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (observed), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

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The Fund is treated as a regular corporation, or “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Fund is subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the Corporate Tax Rate as well as state and local income taxes. In calculating the Fund’s NAV, the Fund will, among other things, account for its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances. The Fund may accrue a deferred income tax liability balance at the Corporate Tax Rate, plus an estimated state and local income tax rate, for its future tax liability associated with the capital appreciation of its investments and the distributions received by the Fund on equity securities of MLPs considered to be return of capital and for any net operating gains. Any deferred tax liability balance will reduce the Fund’s NAV. The Fund may also accrue a deferred tax asset balance, which reflects an estimate of the Fund’s future tax benefit associated with net operating losses and unrealized losses. Any deferred tax asset balance will increase the Fund’s NAV. To the extent the Fund has a deferred tax asset balance, consideration is given as to whether or not a valuation allowance, which would offset the value of some or all of the deferred tax asset balance, is required. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by MLPs, which may not be provided to the Fund on a timely basis, to estimate the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances for purposes of financial statement reporting and determining its NAV. The daily estimate of the Fund’s current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances used to calculate the Fund’s NAV could vary dramatically from the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit, and, as a result, the determination of the Fund’s actual tax liability or benefit may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV. From time to time, the Fund may modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its current taxes and deferred tax liability and/or asset balances as new information becomes available, which modifications in estimates or assumptions may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV.

Portfolio securities of the Fund for which market quotations are readily available are valued as follows: (i) securities listed on any U.S. or foreign stock exchange or on NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price, or the official closing price, on the exchange or system in which they are principally traded on the valuation date. If there is no sale on the valuation day, securities traded will be valued at the closing bid price, or if a closing bid price is not available, at either the exchange or system-defined close price on the exchange or system in which such securities are principally traded. If the relevant exchange or system has not closed by the above-mentioned time for determining the Fund’s net asset value, the securities will be valued at the last sale price or official closing price, or if not available at the bid price at the time the net asset value is determined; (ii) over-the-counter securities not quoted on NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price on the valuation day or, if no sale occurs, at the last bid price at the time net asset value is determined; (iii) equity securities for which no prices are obtained under sections (i) or (ii) including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued at their fair value in accordance with procedures approved by the Board; (iv) fixed income securities, with the exception of short term securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, will be valued using evaluated prices provided by a recognized pricing service ( e.g. , Interactive Data Corp., Reuters, etc.) or dealer-supplied quotations; (v) fixed income securities for which accurate market quotations are not readily available are valued by the Investment Adviser based on valuation models that take into account various factors such as spread and daily yield changes on government or other securities in the appropriate market ( i.e. matrix pricing); (vi) short-term fixed income securities with a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which the Trustees have determined to approximate fair value; (vii) investments in open-end registered investment companies (excluding investments in ETFs) are valued based on the NAV of those registered investment companies (which may use fair value pricing as discussed in their prospectus); and (viii) all other instruments, including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the portfolio manager/trader to be inaccurate, will be valued in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board.

The value of all assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollar values at current exchange rates of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by any major bank. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by or under procedures established by the Board.

Generally, trading in securities on European, Asian and Far Eastern securities exchanges and on OTC markets in these regions is substantially completed at various times prior to the close of business on each Business Day in New York ( i.e. , a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading). In addition, European, Asian or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all Business Days in New York. Furthermore, trading takes place in various foreign markets on days which are not

 

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Business Days in New York and days on which the Fund’s NAVs are not calculated. Such calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the majority of the portfolio securities used in such calculation. For investments in foreign equity securities, “fair value” prices are provided by an independent fair value service (if available), in accordance with the fair value procedures approved by the Trustees, and are intended to reflect more accurately the value of those securities at the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated. Fair value prices are used because many foreign markets operate at times that do not coincide with those of the major U.S. markets. Events that could affect the values of foreign portfolio holdings may occur between the close of the foreign market and the time of determining the NAV, and would not otherwise be reflected in the NAV. If the independent fair value service does not provide a fair value for a particular security or if the value does not meet the established criteria for the Fund, the most recent closing price for such a security on its principal exchange will generally be its fair value on such date.

The Investment Adviser, consistent with its procedures and applicable regulatory guidance, may (but need not) determine to make an adjustment to the previous closing prices of either domestic or foreign securities in light of significant events, to reflect what it believes to be the fair value of the securities at the time of determining the Fund’s NAV. Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include, but are not limited to: situations relating to one or more single issuers in a market sector; significant fluctuations in U.S. or foreign markets; market dislocations; market disruptions or unscheduled market closings; equipment failures; natural or man-made disasters or acts of God; armed conflicts; governmental actions or other developments; as well as the same or similar events which may affect specific issuers or the securities markets even though not tied directly to the securities markets. Other significant events that could relate to a single issuer may include, but are not limited to: corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs; corporate announcements, including those relating to earnings, products and regulatory news; significant litigation; ratings downgrades; bankruptcies; and trading suspensions.

In general, fair value represents a good faith approximation of the current value of an asset and may be used when there is no public market or possibly no market at all for an asset. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. The fair value of an asset may not be the price at which that asset is ultimately sold.

Deferred tax assets may constitute a relatively high percentage of the Fund’s net asset value. Any valuation allowance required against such deferred tax assets or future adjustments to it may reduce the Fund’s deferred tax assets and could have a material impact on the Fund’s net asset value and results of operations in the period it is recorded.

Errors and Corrective Actions

The Investment Adviser will report to the Board any material breaches of investment objective, policies or restrictions and any material errors in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. Depending on the nature and size of an error, corrective action may or may not be required. Corrective action may involve a prospective correction of the NAV. The Fund’s policies on errors and corrective action limit or restrict when corrective action will be taken.

As discussed in more detail under “Net Asset Value,” the Fund’s portfolio securities may be priced based on quotations for those securities provided by pricing services. There can be no guarantee that a quotation provided by a pricing service will be accurate.

REPURCHASE OF SHARES

The Fund is a closed-end management investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Fund’s Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, call protection, dividend stability, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than NAV, the Board may consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from NAV in respect of Common Shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Board may decide not to take any of these actions. In addition, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time when the Fund has Preferred Shares outstanding, the Fund may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its Common Shares unless (1) all accrued Preferred Shares dividends have been paid and (2) at the time of such purchase, redemption or acquisition, the NAVof the Fund’s portfolio (determined after deducting the acquisition price of the Common Shares) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of any outstanding Preferred Shares (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon). Any service fees incurred in connection with any tender offer made by the Fund will be borne by the Fund and will not reduce the stated consideration to be paid to tendering shareholders.

Subject to its investment restrictions, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Fund’s net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the Exchange Act, the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from NAV will be made by the Board at the time it considers such issue, it is the Board’s present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares if: (1) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in the delisting of the Common Shares from the New York Stock Exchange, or (b) impair the Fund’s status as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act; (2) the Fund would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (3) there is, in the Board’s judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Fund, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the New York Stock Exchange, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by federal or state authorities or any suspension of payment by United States or New York banks, (d) material limitation affecting the Fund or the issuers of its portfolio securities by federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by lending institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of war, armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Fund or its shareholders if shares were repurchased. The Board may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience.

The repurchase by the Fund of its shares at prices below NAV will result in an increase in the NAV of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tender offers at or below NAV will result in the Fund’s shares trading at a price equal to their NAV. Nevertheless, the fact that the Fund’s shares may be the subject of repurchase or tender offers from time to time, or that the Fund may be converted to an open-end investment company, may reduce any spread between market price and NAV that might otherwise exist.

In addition, a purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares will decrease the Fund’s net assets which would likely have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. Any purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares at a time when Preferred Shares are outstanding will increase the leverage applicable to the outstanding Common Shares then remaining.

Before deciding whether to take any action if the Common Shares trade below NAV, the Board would likely consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Fund’s shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken.

 

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TAXATION

The following is a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and investors in the Fund. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances or to investors who are subject to special rules, such as banks, thrift institutions and certain other financial institutions, REITs, regulated investment companies, insurance companies, brokers and dealers in securities or currencies, certain securities traders, S corporations, individual retirement accounts, certain tax-deferred accounts or foreign investors.

Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes that you are a U.S. Shareholder and that you hold Fund shares as capital assets. For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Shareholder” means a beneficial owner of the Fund’s shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S., (ii) a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created in or organized under the laws of the U.S. or any state of the U.S., (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust if (A) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (B) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should consult their own tax advisors.

The following discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury Regulations, judicial authorities, published positions of the IRS and other applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date of the Prospectus and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in the Prospectus. Counsel to the Fund has not rendered any legal opinion regarding any tax consequences relating to the Fund or your investment in the Fund. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain a position contrary to any of the tax information set out below.

Tax matters are complicated, and the tax consequences of an investment in and holding of the Fund’s shares will depend on the particular facts of each investor’s situation. You are advised to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the application to your own circumstances of the general federal income tax rules described below and with respect to other federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences to you before making an investment in the Fund’s shares.

Federal Income Taxation of the Fund

Although the Code generally provides that a regulated investment company does not pay an entity-level income tax, provided that it distributes all or substantially all of its income, the Fund does not meet current tests for qualification as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code because of the fact that most or substantially all of the Fund’s investments will consist of investments in certain MLPs intended to be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. The regulated investment company tax rules therefore do not apply to the Fund or to its shareholders. As a result, the Fund is treated as a corporation for federal and state income tax purposes, and will pay federal and state income tax on its taxable income.

The Fund invests primarily in MLPs, which generally are intended to be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. As a partner in the MLPs, the Fund must report its allocable share of the MLPs’ taxable income or loss in computing the Fund’s taxable income or loss, regardless of the extent (if any) to which the MLPs make distributions. Based upon a review of the historic results of the type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund expects that the cash flow received by the Fund with respect to its MLP investments will generally exceed the taxable income allocated to the Fund (and this excess generally will not be currently taxable to the Fund but, rather, will result in a reduction of the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in each MLP as described in the following paragraph). This is the result of a variety of factors, including significant non-cash deductions, such as accelerated depreciation. Past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results and there is no assurance that the Fund’s expectation regarding the tax character of MLP distributions will be realized. If this expectation is not realized and cash distributions are less than the taxable income allocated to the Fund, there may be greater tax expense borne by the Fund and less cash available to distribute to shareholders or to pay to expenses.

 

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The Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate income tax rates on the Fund’s share of any taxable income from its investment in MLPs or other securities (including taxable dividend income the Fund receives with respect to investments in entities classified as “C” corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and on gain recognized by the Fund on the sale of any of its investments. As explained above, cash distributions from an MLP to the Fund that exceed the Fund’s allocable share of such MLP’s net taxable income will reduce the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the equity securities of the MLP. These reductions in the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the MLP equity securities will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) recognized by the Fund on a subsequent sale of the securities of an MLP.

The Fund’s allocable share of certain percentage depletion deductions and intangible drilling costs of the MLPs in which the Fund invests may be treated as items of tax preference for purposes of calculating the Fund’s alternative minimum taxable income. Such items may increase the Fund’s alternative minimum taxable income and increase the likelihood that the Fund may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.

Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares — U.S. Shareholders

Receipt of Distributions . Distributions made to you by the Fund will generally constitute taxable dividends to the extent of your allocable share of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as calculated for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a corporation’s earnings and profits are computed based upon taxable income, with certain specified adjustments. As explained above, based upon the historic performance of the types of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund anticipates that the distributed cash from the MLPs generally will exceed the Fund’s share of the MLPs’ taxable income. Consequently, the Fund anticipates that only a portion of the Fund’s distributions will be treated as dividend income to you. However, there can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized. If these expectations are not realized, a greater portion of distributions to the Fund’s common shareholders would be treated as a taxable dividend, as opposed to a return of capital for tax purposes. To the extent that distributions to you exceed your allocable share of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, your basis in the Fund’s shares with respect to which the distribution is made will be reduced, which will increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of loss) realized upon a subsequent sale or redemption of such shares. To the extent you hold such shares as a capital asset and have no further basis in the shares to offset the distribution, you will report the excess as capital gain.

Because the Fund will invest a substantial portion of its assets in MLPs, special rules will apply to the calculation of the Fund’s earnings and profits. For example, the Fund’s earnings and profits will be calculated using the straight-line depreciation method rather than the accelerated depreciation method. This difference in treatment may, for example, result in the Fund’s earnings and profits being higher than the Fund’s taxable income in a particular year if the MLPs in which the Fund invests calculate their income using accelerated depreciation. Because of these differences, the Fund may make distributions in a particular year out of earnings and profits (treated as dividends) in excess of the amount of the Fund’s taxable income for such year.

Distributions to you from the Fund treated as dividends under the foregoing rules generally will be taxable as ordinary income to you but are generally expected to be treated as “qualified dividend income” to eligible taxpayers. Qualified dividend income received by individuals and other noncorporate shareholders is taxed at long-term capital gain rates, which currently reach a maximum of 15%, or, for certain high income individuals, 20%. For a dividend to constitute qualified dividend income, the shareholder generally must hold the shares paying the dividend for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date, although a longer period may apply if the shareholder engages in certain risk reduction transactions with respect to the common stock.

In addition to constituting qualified dividend income to noncorporate shareholders, such dividends are expected to be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders of the Fund under Section 243 of the Code. However, corporate shareholders of the Fund should be aware that certain limitations apply to the availability of the dividends received deduction, including rules which limit the deduction in cases where (i) certain holding period requirements are not met, (ii) a corporate shareholder of the Fund is obligated ( e.g. , pursuant to a short sale) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (iii) the corporate shareholder’s investment in shares of the Fund is financed with indebtedness. Corporate shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of these limitations to their particular situations.

 

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If you participate in the Fund’s automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan, upon the Fund’s payment of a dividend to you, you will be treated for federal income tax purposes as receiving a taxable distribution from the Fund in an amount equal to (i) if newly issued shares are issued under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the fair market value of the shares issued to you under the plan or (ii) if reinvestment is made through open-market purchases under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, the amount of cash allocated to the shareholder for the purchase of shares on its behalf on the open market. The portion of such a distribution that is treated as dividend income will be determined under the rules described above.

Sales of Shares . Upon a sale of your shares to a third party, you generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the cost of your shares and the amount you receive when you sell them. Any such capital gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for more than one year at the time of disposition. Long-term capital gains of noncorporate shareholders of the Fund (including individuals) are currently subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15%, or, for certain high income individuals, 20%. The deductibility of capital losses for both corporate and non-corporate shareholders of the Fund is subject to limitations under the Code.

Investment by Tax-Exempt Investors and Regulated Investment Companies . Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from federal income tax, including individual retirement accounts and other retirement plans, are subject to federal income tax on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. Because the Fund is a corporation for federal income tax purposes, an owner of the Fund’s shares will not report on its federal income tax return any items of income, gain, loss and deduction that are allocated to the Fund from the MLPs in which the Fund invests. Moreover, dividend income from, and gain from the sale of, corporate stock generally does not constitute UBTI unless the corporate stock is debt-financed. Therefore, a tax-exempt investor will not have UBTI attributable to its ownership, sale, or redemption of the Fund’s shares unless its ownership is debt-financed. In general, shares are considered to be debt-financed if the tax-exempt owner of the shares incurred debt to acquire the shares or otherwise incurred a debt that would not have been incurred if the shares had not been acquired. Similarly, the income and gain realized from an investment in the Fund’s shares by an investor that is a regulated investment company will constitute qualifying income for the regulated investment company.

Foreign, State and Local Taxes . It is possible that the Fund may be liable for foreign, state and local taxes payable in the country, state or locality in which it is a resident or doing business or in a country, state or locality in which an MLP in which the Fund invests conducts or is deemed to conduct business. In addition, the Fund may be subject to foreign taxes on its income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from foreign securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases.

Medicare Tax . An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.

Cost Basis Reporting . Recent legislation requires reporting of adjusted cost basis information for covered securities, which generally include shares of a C corporation such as the Fund, to the Internal Revenue Service and to taxpayers. Shareholders should contact their financial intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.

You should consult your own tax advisor about federal, state and local tax consequences in light of your particular tax situation.

Federal Income Taxation of Holders of the Fund’s Shares — Non-U.S. Shareholders

For purposes of this summary, the term ‘‘Non-U.S. Shareholder’’ means a beneficial owner of the Fund’s shares that is not a U.S. Shareholder.

 

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Dividends to Non-U.S. Shareholders generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% on dividends unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder.

Any capital gain realized by a Non-U.S. Shareholder upon a sale of shares of the Fund will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with the shareholder’s trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met or (ii) the Fund is or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined below, at any time within the five-year period preceding the date of disposition of the Fund’s shares or, if shorter, within the period during which the Non-U.S. Shareholder has held the Common Shares. Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding corporation if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests, as defined in the Code and applicable regulations, equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. A Fund may be, or may prior to a Non-U.S. Shareholder’s disposition of shares become, a U.S. real property holding corporation. If the Fund is or becomes a U.S. real property holding corporation, so long as the Fund’s Common Shares are regularly traded on an established securities market (such as the NYSE), only a Non-U.S. Shareholder who holds or held (at any time during the shorter of the five year period preceding the date of disposition or the holder’s holding period) more than 5% (directly or indirectly as determined under applicable attribution rules of the Code) of the Fund’s Common Shares will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the disposition of Common Shares.

Any Non-U.S. Shareholder who is described in one of the foregoing cases is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the redemption, sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of the Fund.

Non-U.S. Shareholders of a Fund may also be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their shares of the Fund.

The Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends and (effective January 1, 2017) redemption proceeds made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.

Each Non-U.S. Shareholder should consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of the Fund’s shares and receipt of distributions from the Fund.

Backup Withholding

Federal regulations generally require the Fund to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a “backup withholding” tax with respect to dividends and the proceeds of any redemption paid to you if you fail to furnish the Fund or the Fund’s paying agent with a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-9, W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or other applicable form. Furthermore, the IRS may notify the Fund to institute backup withholding if the IRS determines that your TIN is incorrect or if you have failed to properly report taxable dividends or interest on a federal tax return. A TIN is either the Social Security number or employer identification number of the record owner of the account. Any tax withheld as a result of backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax imposed on the record owner of the account and may be claimed as a credit on the record owner’s federal income tax return. The backup withholding rate is currently 28%.

PROXY VOTING

The Fund has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. For client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, the Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting Policy”) for the voting of proxies. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, the Investment Adviser’s guiding principles in performing proxy voting are to make decisions that favor proposals that tend to maximize a company’s shareholder value and are not influenced by conflicts of interest. To implement these guiding principles for investments in publicly-traded equities, the Investment Adviser has developed customized proxy voting

 

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guidelines (the “Guidelines”) that it generally applies when voting on behalf of client accounts. These Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations, mergers, issues of corporate social responsibility and various shareholder proposals.

The Proxy Voting Policy, including the Guidelines, is reviewed periodically to ensure that it continues to be consistent with the Investment Adviser’s guiding principles. The Guidelines embody the positions and factors the Investment Adviser generally considers important in casting proxy votes.

The Investment Adviser has retained a third-party proxy voting service (“Proxy Service”), currently Institutional Shareholder Services, to assist in the implementation and administration of certain proxy voting-related functions including, without limitation, operational, recordkeeping and reporting services. The Proxy Service also prepares a written analysis and recommendation (a “Recommendation”) of each proxy vote that reflects the Proxy Service’s application of the Guidelines to particular proxy issues. While it is the Investment Adviser’s policy generally to follow the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the Investment Adviser’s portfolio management teams (“Portfolio Management Teams”) may on certain proxy votes seek approval to diverge from the Guidelines or a Recommendation by following an “override” process. Such decisions are subject to a review and approval process, including a determination that the decision is not influenced by any conflict of interest. A Portfolio Management Team that receives approval through the override process to cast a proxy vote that diverges from the Guidelines and/or a Recommendation may vote differently than other Portfolio Management Teams that did not seek to override the vote. In forming their views on particular matters, the Portfolio Management Teams are also permitted to consider applicable regional rules and practices, including codes of conduct and other guides, regarding proxy voting, in addition to the Guidelines and Recommendations. The Investment Adviser may hire other service providers to replace or supplement the Proxy Service with respect to any of the services the Investment Adviser currently receives from the Proxy Service.

From time to time, the Investment Adviser may face regulatory, compliance, legal or logistical limits with respect to voting securities that it may purchase or hold for client accounts, which can affect the Investment Adviser’s ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. Among other limits, federal, state and foreign regulatory restrictions or company specific ownership limits, as well as legal matters related to consolidated groups, may restrict the total percentage of an issuer’s voting securities that the Investment Adviser can hold for clients and the nature of the Investment Adviser’s voting in such securities. The Investment Adviser’s ability to vote proxies may also be affected by, among other things: (i) late receipt of meeting notices; (ii) requirements to vote proxies in person: (iii) restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes; (iv) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; (v) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions; and (vi) requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting.

GSAM conducts periodic due diligence meetings with the Proxy Service which include, but are not limited to, a review of the Proxy Service’s general organizational structure, new developments with respect to research and technology, work flow improvements and internal due diligence with respect to conflicts of interest.

The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing its proxy voting decisions that the Investment Adviser makes on behalf of a client account and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with the Investment Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to its clients. These policies and procedures include the Investment Adviser’s use of the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the override approval process previously discussed, and the establishment of information barriers between the Investment Adviser and other businesses within The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of the Investment Adviser may have the effect of benefitting the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates, provided that the Investment Adviser believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations.

Voting decisions with respect to fixed income securities and the securities of privately held issuers generally will be made by the Fund’s managers based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.

 

64


Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30, 2015 will be available on or through the Fund’s website at www.gsamfunds.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

OTHER INFORMATION

Miscellaneous

The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all the information included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectus. Certain portions of the Registration Statement have been omitted from the Prospectus and this SAI pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.

Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.

The Fund currently intends to publish on the Fund’s website (http://www.gsamfunds.com) complete portfolio holdings for the Fund as of the end of each calendar quarter subject to a fifteen calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed.

Corporate Actions

From time to time, the issuer of a security held in the Fund’s portfolio may initiate a corporate action relating to that security. Corporate actions relating to equity securities may include, among others, an offer to purchase new shares, or to tender existing shares, of that security at a certain price. Corporate actions relating to debt securities may include, among others, an offer for early redemption of the debt security, or an offer to convert the debt security into stock. Certain corporate actions are voluntary, meaning that the Fund may only participate in the corporate action if it elects to do so in a timely fashion. Participation in certain corporate actions may enhance the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio. In cases where the Fund or its Investment Adviser receives sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Investment Adviser will exercise its discretion, in good faith, to determine whether the Fund will participate in that corporate action. If the Fund or its Investment Adviser does not receive sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Fund may not be able to timely elect to participate in that corporate action. Participation or lack of participation in a voluntary corporate action may result in a negative impact on the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Trustees and Shareholder of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (“The Fund”) at August 14, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Fund’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit. We conducted our audit of this financial statement in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

August  15, 2014

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A copy of the annual report of the Fund (when available) may be obtained at the Fund’s website: http://www.gsamfunds.com. The annual report for the fiscal period ending November 30, 2014 will become available to investors in February 2015.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

August 14, 2014

(Unaudited)

 

65


ASSETS:

  

Cash

   $ 100,000   

Deferred Offering Costs

     500,000   
  

 

 

 

Total assets

     600,000   
  

 

 

 

LIABILITIES:

  

Accrued Offering Costs

     500,000   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     500,000   
  

 

 

 

NET ASSETS:

   $ 100,000   
  

 

 

 

Shares of beneficial interest, par value $.001 per share, unlimited number of shares authorized; 5,236 shares authorized

     5,236   
  

 

 

 

Net asset value per Common Share outstanding

   $ 19.10   
  

 

 

 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT (Unaudited)

1. Organization

The Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”) is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Securities Act of 1933. The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on July 7, 2014 and has not yet commenced operations. As a newly organized entity, the Fund has no operating history other than the sale to Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. of an aggregate of 5,236 Common shares for $100,000 on August 14, 2014.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”), an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co., serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to a management agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Fund.

 

66


2. Significant Accounting Policies

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and require management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Offering and Organization Costs

GSAM has agreed to pay the Fund’s i) organizational expenses; and ii) offering costs, other than sales charge, that exceed $.04 per Common Share. Prior to commencement of operations, offering costs in connection with the offering of the Fund are recognized as a deferred charge and are recorded as a reduction of paid-in-capital at the completion of the Fund offering along with any subsequent costs. Offering and organizational costs are estimated at $1,573,437 and $410,000, respectively.

3. Management Agreement

Under the Agreement, GSAM manages the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Trustees.

As compensation for the services rendered pursuant to the Agreement, the assumption of the expenses related thereto and administration of the Fund’s business affairs, including providing facilities, GSAM is entitled to a management fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, equal to an annual percentage rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily managed assets. There were no fees incurred as of August 14, 2014 relating to this Agreement.

4. Income Taxes

The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or a “C” corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, unlike most investment companies, is subject to federal and applicable state corporate income tax to the extent the Fund recognizes taxable income.

5. Other Matters

Indemnifications

Under the Fund’s organizational documents, its Board of Trustees, officers, employees and agents are indemnified, to the extent permitted by the Act, against certain liabilities that may arise out of performance of their duties to the Fund. Additionally, in the course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification clauses. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred. However, GSAM believes the risk of loss under these arrangements to be remote.

 

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APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

Short-Term Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poor’s for short-term issues:

“A-1” – A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

“A-2” – A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

“A-3” – A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of “B-1”, “B-2”, and “B-3” may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the “B” category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B-1” – A short-term obligation rated “B-1” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“B-2” – A short-term obligation rated “B-2” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“B-3” – A short-term obligation rated “B-3” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

“C” – A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“D” – A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its


local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign Currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for U.S. public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

“F1” – Securities possess the highest credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

“F2” – Securities possess good credit quality. This designation indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

“F3” – Securities possess fair credit quality. This designation indicates that the capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non investment grade.

“B” – Securities possess speculative credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“C” – Securities possess high default risk. Default is a real possibility. This designation indicates a capacity for meeting financial commitments which is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

“NR” – This designation indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the associated issuer or issue.

“WD” – This designation indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

 

A-2


The following summarizes the ratings used by Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (“DBRS”) for commercial paper and short-term debt:

“R-1 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity possessing unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels, and profitability that is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an “R-1 (high)” rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results, and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for an “R-1 (high)”, few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.

“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from “R-1 (high)” credits by only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for the “R-1 (high)” category, entities rated “R-1 (middle)” are also considered strong credits, and typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for the timely repayment of short-term liabilities.

“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt and profitability ratios are not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors that exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.

“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The ability to repay obligations as they mature remains acceptable, although the overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt, and profitability ratios is not as strong as credits rated in the “R-1 (low)” category. Relative to the latter category, other shortcomings often include areas such as stability, financial flexibility, and the relative size and market position of the entity within its industry.

“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. Relative to the “R-2 (high)” category, entities rated “R-2 (middle)” typically have some combination of higher volatility, weaker debt or liquidity positions, lower future cash flow capabilities, or are negatively impacted by a weaker industry. Ratings in this category would be more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality, typically having some combination of challenges that are not acceptable for an “R-2 (middle)” credit. However, “R-2 (low)” ratings still display a level of credit strength that allows for a higher rating than the “R-3” category, with this distinction often reflecting the issuer’s liquidity profile.

“R-3” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality, one step up from being speculative. While not yet defined as speculative, the “R-3” category signifies that although repayment is still expected, the certainty of repayment could be impacted by a variety of possible adverse developments, many of which would be outside the issuer’s control. Entities in this area often have limited access to capital markets and may also have limitations in securing alternative sources of liquidity, particularly during periods of weak economic conditions.

“R-4” – Short-term debt rated “R-4” is speculative. “R-4” credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with “R-4” ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings and cash flow would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.

“R-5” – Short-term debt rated “R-5” is highly speculative. There is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to repay the obligations on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity. In some cases, short term debt rated “R-5” may have challenges that if not corrected, could lead to default.

 

A-3


“D” – A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment or the issuer has made it clear that it will be missing such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.

Long-Term Credit Ratings

The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poor’s for long-term issues:

“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

“C” – A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms.

“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

A-4


Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

“NR” – This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks — Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.

“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

“A” – Obligations rated “A” are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.

“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:

“AAA” – Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A-5


“A” – Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

“BBB” – Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment grade category.

“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. For issuers and performing obligations, “B” ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR1” (outstanding).

“CCC” – For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR2” (superior), or “RR3” (good) or “RR4” (average).

“CC” – For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of “RR4” (average) or “RR5” (below average).

“C” – For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent. For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of “RR6” (poor).

“RD” – Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.

“D” – Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.

Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” category or to categories below “CCC”.

“NR” – Denotes that Fitch does not publicly rate the associated issue or issuer.

“WD” – Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.

The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:

“AAA” — Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present that would detract from the performance of the entity. The strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a credible track record of superior performance. Given the extremely high standard that DBRS has set for this category, few entities are able to achieve a “AAA” rating.

 

A-6


“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases they differ from long-term debt rated “AAA” only to a small degree. Given the extremely restrictive definition DBRS has for the “AAA” category, entities rated “AA” are also considered to be strong credits, typically exemplifying above-average strength in key areas of consideration and unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.

“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than that of “AA” rated entities. While “A” is a respectable rating, entities in this category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher-rated securities.

“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered acceptable, but the entity is fairly susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adverse conditions present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.

“BB” – Long-term debt rated “BB” is defined to be speculative and non-investment grade, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the “BB” range typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support. In many cases, deficiencies in critical mass, diversification, and competitive strength are additional negative considerations.

“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is considered highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.

“CCC”, CC” and “C” – Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is very highly speculative and is in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than long-term debt rated “B.” Long-term debt rated below “B” often have features which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between these three categories, with “CC” and “C” normally used for lower ranking debt of companies for which the senior debt is rated in the “CCC” to “B” range.

“D” – A security rated “D” implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment of interest or principal or that the issuer has made it clear that it will miss such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a “D” rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the “D” rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.

(“high”, “low”) – Each rating category is denoted by the subcategories “high” and “low”. The absence of either a “high” or “low” designation indicates the rating is in the “middle” of the category. The “AAA” and “D” categories do not utilize “high”, “middle”, and “low” as differential grades.

Municipal Note Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:

 

    Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

    Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Note rating symbols are as follows:

“SP-1” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service are given a plus (+) designation.

 

A-7


“SP-2” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

“SP-3” – The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Moody’s uses three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3”. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG”, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for these short-term obligations:

“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

“MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned; a long- or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” rating.

When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated “NR”, e.g. , “Aaa/NR” or “NR/VMIG-1”.

VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.

About Credit Ratings

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program

 

A-8


(including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not as statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money back in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

DBRS credit ratings are not buy, hold or sell recommendations, but rather the result of qualitative and quantitative analysis focusing solely on the credit quality of the issuer and its underlying obligations.

 

A-9


PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits

 

(1)         Financial Statements:
        Part A: Not applicable, as Registrant has not yet commenced operations.
        Part B: Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Financial statements indicating that the Registrant has met the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are included in Part B of this Registration Statement.
(2)         Exhibits:
   (a)        

(1)    Certificate of Trust dated July 7, 2014.**

          

(2)    Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated August 14, 2014.*

          

(3)    Declaration of Trust dated August 14, 2014.*

   (b)         By-laws dated August 14, 2014.*
   (c)         Not applicable.
   (d)         Not applicable.
   (e)         Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan.*
   (f)         Not applicable.
   (g)         Form of Management Agreement between Registrant and Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. *
   (h)        

(i)         Form of Underwriting Agreement.*

          

(ii)        Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters.*

          

(iii)       Form of Master Selected Dealers Agreement.*

          

(iv)       Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated *

          

(v)        Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC *

          

(vi)       Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC *

          

(vii)      Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC *

          

(viii)     Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. *

   (i)         Not applicable.
   (j)         Custodian Contract.*
   (k)        

(1)    Transfer Agency and Service Agreement.*


          

(2)    Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement.*

   (l)         Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP.*
   (m)         Not applicable.
   (n)         Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*
   (o)         Not applicable.
   (p)         Form of Subscription Agreement.*
   (q)         Not applicable.
   (r)        

(1)    Code of Ethics of the Registrant.*

          

(2)    Code of Ethics of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.*

   (s)         Powers of Attorney.*

 

* Filed herewith.
** Previously filed on July 9, 2014 with Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-197328 and 811-22979) and incorporated by reference herein.

 

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements

To be provided by amendment.

 

Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance or Distribution

All figures are estimates:

 

Registration fees

   $[ ]

Exchange listing fees

   $[ ]

FINRA fees

   $[ ]

Printing fees

   $[ ]

Accounting fees and expenses

   $[ ]

Legal fees and expenses

   $[ ]

Underwriter expense reimbursement

   $[ ]

Miscellaneous

   $[ ]

Total Fees

   $[ ]

 

Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant

No person is directly or indirectly under common control with the Registrant, except that the Registrant may be deemed to be controlled by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the parent of


the investment adviser to the Registrant, because immediately prior to this offering, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. will own 100% of the Registrant’s outstanding common shares. Following the completion of this offering, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.’s share ownership is expected to represent less than 1% of the Registrant’s outstanding common shares.

 

Item 29. Number of Holder of Securities

As of August 26, 2014:

 

Title of Class

   Number of
Record Holders
 

Common Shares, par value $.001

     1   

 

Item 30. Indemnification

Reference is made to Article VII of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, filed as Exhibit (a)(3) to this Registration Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Section 6 of the Form of Underwriting Agreement, filed as Exhibit h(i) to this Registration Statement, provides for each of the parties thereto, including the Registrant and the Underwriters, to indemnify the others, their directors, certain of their officers, directors and persons who control them against certain liabilities in connection with the offering described therein, including liabilities under the federal securities laws.

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and serves as the investment adviser to the Registrant. GSAM is engaged in the investment advisory business. GSAM is part of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a public company that is a bank holding company, financial holding company and a world-wide, full-service financial services organization. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is the general partner and principal owner of GSAM. Information about the officers and partners of GSAM is included in their Form ADV filed with the Commission (registration number 801-37591) and is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records

The Declaration of Trust, By-laws and minute books of the Registrant and certain investment adviser records will be in the physical possession of GSAM, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. All other accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained under Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules promulgated thereunder will be in the physical possession of State Street Bank and Trust Company, State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, except for certain transfer agency records which are maintained by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station, TX 77845.

 

Item 33. Management Services

Not applicable.

 

Item 34. Undertakings

 

1. Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its Shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

 

2. Not applicable.

 

3. Not applicable.

 

4. Not applicable.

 

5. The Registrant undertakes that:

 

  a. For purposes of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the 1933 Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and

 

  b. For the purpose of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

6. The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City and State of New York on the 26 th day of August, 2014.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND

ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

(A Delaware statutory trust)

By:

 

/s/ Robert Griffith

  Robert Griffith
  Assistant Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Name

  

Title

 

Date

1 James A. McNamara

   President (Chief Executive Officer) and Trustee   August 26, 2014
James A. McNamara     

1 Scott McHugh

   Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer   August 26, 2014
Scott McHugh     

1 Ashok N. Bakhru

   Chairman and Trustee   August 26, 2014
Ashok N. Bakhru     

1 John P. Coblentz, Jr.

   Trustee   August 26, 2014
John P. Coblentz, Jr.     

1 Richard P. Strubel

   Trustee   August 26, 2014
Richard P. Strubel     

 

By:

 

/s/ Robert Griffith

  Robert Griffith
  Attorney-In-Fact

 

1   Pursuant to powers of attorney filed herewith.


EXHIBIT LIST

 

(a)(2)   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated August 14, 2014
(a)(3)   Declaration of Trust dated August 14, 2014
(b)   By-Laws dated August 14, 2014
(e)   Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan
(g)   Form of Management Agreement
(h)(i)   Form of Underwriting Agreement
(h)(ii)   Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters
(h)(iii)   Form of Master Select Dealers Agreement
(h)(iv)   Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
(h)(v)   Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC
(h)(vi)   Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
(h)(vii)   Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
(h)(viii)   Form of Structuring Fee Agreement between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
(j)   Custodian Contract
(k)(1)   Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
(k)(2)   Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement
(l)   Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP
(n)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(p)   Form of Subscription Agreement
(r)(1)   Code of Ethics of Registrant
(r)(2)   Code of Ethics of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
(s)   Powers of Attorney

EX.99.(a) (2)

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDEMENT TO THE CERTIFICATE OF TRUST

of

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

(a Delaware Statutory Trust)

This Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust of Goldman Sachs MLP Energy Renaissance Fund (“Certificate”) is filed in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (Title 12 of the Delaware Code, Section 3801 et seq.) (the “Act”) and sets forth the following:

1. NAME. The name of the statutory trust is Goldman Sachs MLP Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Trust”).

The Trust’s Certificate of Trust is hereby amended to delete the first enumerated paragraph therein in its entirety and to insert in lieu thereof the following new first enumerated paragraph:

2. NAME. The name of the statutory trust is Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Trust”).

3. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Certificate shall be effective upon the date and time of filing.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being a Trustee, has duly executed this Certificate in accordance with
Section 3811(a)(2) of the Act.


James A. McNamara, not in his individual capacity but as Trustee

 

By:  

/s/ James A. McNamara

James A. McNamara

EX.99.(a) (3)

Declaration of Trust

of

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

a Delaware Statutory Trust

Principal Place of Business:

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282-2198


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

ARTICLE I

  NAME AND DEFINITIONS      1   

Section 1.1

 

Name

     1   

Section 1.2

 

Definitions

     1   

ARTICLE II

  PURPOSE OF TRUST      3   

ARTICLE III

  SHARES      3   

Section 3.1

 

Division of Beneficial Interest

     3   

Section 3.2

 

Authorization and Issuance of Other Securities

     4   

Section 3.3

 

Ownership of Shares

     4   

Section 3.4

 

Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability

     5   

Section 3.5

 

Investments in the Trust

     5   

ARTICLE IV

  THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES      5   

Section 4.1

 

Number, Election and Tenure

     5   

Section 4.2

 

Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee

     6   

Section 4.3

 

Powers

     7   

Section 4.4

 

Payment of Expenses by the Trust

     11   

Section 4.5

 

Ownership of Assets of the Trust

     11   

Section 4.6

 

Service Contracts

     12   

Section 4.7

 

Trustees and Officers as Shareholders

     13   

Section 4.8

 

Determinations by Trustees

     13   

Section 4.9

 

Delegation by Trustees

     13   

ARTICLE V

  SHAREHOLDERS’ VOTING POWERS AND MEETINGS      14   

ARTICLE VI

  NET ASSET VALUE AND DISTRIBUTIONS      14   

Section 6.1

 

Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income and Distribution

     14   

ARTICLE VII

  COMPENSATION AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES      15   

Section 7.1

 

Compensation

     15   

Section 7.2

 

Limitation of Liability

     15   

Section 7.3

 

Trustee’s Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety

     16   

Section 7.4

 

Insurance

     17   

 

-i-


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

         Page  

Section 7.5

 

Indemnification

     17   

Section 7.6

 

Further Indemnification

     18   

Section 7.7

 

Indemnification Of Shareholders

     19   

ARTICLE VIII

  MISCELLANEOUS      19   

Section 8.1

 

Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees

     19   

Section 8.2

 

Termination of the Trust

     19   

Section 8.3

 

Reorganization

     20   

Section 8.4

 

Amendments

     21   

Section 8.5

 

Filing of Copies, References, Headings, Rules of Construction

     21   

Section 8.6

 

Applicable Law

     22   

Section 8.7

 

Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations

     22   

Section 8.8

 

Statutory Trust Only

     22   

Section 8.9

 

Derivative Actions

     23   

Section 8.10

 

Inspection of Records and Reports

     25   

Section 8.11

 

Exclusive Delaware Jurisdiction

     26   

ARTICLE IX

  CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS      26   

Section 9.1

 

Vote Required

     26   

Section 9.2

 

Covered Transactions

     26   

Section 9.3

 

Exceptions

     27   

Section 9.4

 

Limitation on Amendment

     28   

 

-ii-


DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

THIS DECLARATION OF TRUST is made as of the 14th day of August, 2014 by the Trustees hereunder.

WHEREAS, the Trust was formed pursuant to a Certificate of Trust dated as of July 7, 2014;

WHEREAS, the Trustees desire to form a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth; and

NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby adopt the Trust’s Declaration of Trust.

ARTICLE I

Name and Definitions

Section 1.1 Name . The name of the Trust is Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine. The Trustees may, without Shareholder approval, change the name of the Trust or any series and adopt such other name as they deem proper. Any name change of the Trust shall become effective upon the filing of a certificate of amendment under the Delaware Act reflecting such change. Any such action shall have the status of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust. In the event of any name change, the Trustees shall cause notice to be given to the affected Shareholders within a reasonable time after the implementation of such change, which notice will be deemed given if the changed name is reflected in any Registration Statement.

Section 1.2 Definitions . Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:

(a) “Affiliate” shall have the meaning given it in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;

(b) “Associate” shall have the meaning given it in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;

(c) “By-Laws” shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to time, which By-Laws are expressly herein incorporated by reference as part of the “governing instrument” within the meaning of the Delaware Act;

(d) “Certificate of Trust” shall mean the certificate of trust, as amended or restated from time to time, filed by the Trustees in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the Delaware Act to form the Trust;


(e) “Commission,” “Interested Person” and “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meanings given to them in the 1940 Act;

(f) “Complaining Shareholder” shall refer to a Shareholder making a demand or bringing a claim pursuant to Article VIII, Section 8.9 hereof;

(g) “Continuing Trustee” shall mean any member of the Board of Trustees who either (a) has been a member of the Board of Trustees for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the commencement of the Trust’s operation, if less than thirty-six months) or (b) was nominated to serve as a member of the Board of Trustees by a majority of the Continuing Trustees then members of the Board of Trustees;

(h) “Covered Person” shall have the meaning given it in Section 7.5 hereof;

(i) “Declaration of Trust” shall mean this Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;

(j) “Delaware Act” shall mean the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. §§ 3801 et seq. ;

(k) “Fundamental Policies” shall mean the investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any prospectus or contained in any current Registration Statement on Form N-2 of the Trust filed with the Commission and designated as fundamental policies therein, as they may be amended from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act;

(l) “1940 Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder and interpretations thereunder, and any order or orders thereunder which may from time to time be applicable to the Trust. References herein to specific sections of the 1940 Act shall be deemed to include such rules and regulations as are applicable to such sections as determined by the Trustees or their designees;

(m) “Person” shall mean and include individuals, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, trusts, associations, joint ventures, estates and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;

(n) “Principal Shareholder” means any corporation, person or other entity which is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the Trust’s Shares and shall include any Affiliate or Associate of a Principal Shareholder or any Person managed, advised, or administered by a Principal Shareholder or an Affiliate or Associate thereof;

(o) “Principal Underwriter” shall have the meaning given such term in the 1940 Act;

 

2


(p) “Registration Statement” shall mean the Trust’s registration statement or statements as filed with the Commission, as from time to time in effect and shall include any prospectus or statement of additional information forming a part thereof;

(q) “Shareholder” shall mean a record owner of outstanding Shares;

(r) “Shares” shall mean the shares of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares. Shares shall include any preferred shares of beneficial interest (“Preferred Shares”) which may be issued from time to time, as described herein. All references to Shares shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all series or classes as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each series of the Trust, except as the context otherwise requires;

(s) “Trust” shall mean the Delaware statutory trust established under the Delaware Act by this Declaration of Trust and the filing of the Certificate of Trust in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;

(t) “Trust Property” shall mean any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, that is from time to time owned or held by or for the account of the Trust; and

(u) “Trustees” or “Board of Trustees” shall mean the persons who have signed this Declaration of Trust and all other persons who may from time to time be duly elected or appointed to serve as Trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof, in each case so long as such person shall continue in office in accordance with the terms of this Declaration of Trust, and reference herein to a Trustee or the Trustees shall refer to such person or persons in his, her or their capacities as trustee or trustees hereunder. Unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided, any reference herein to the Trustees shall refer to the Trustee at any time that there is only one Trustee of the Trust.

ARTICLE II

Purpose of Trust

The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act, and to carry on such other business as the Trustees may from time to time determine pursuant to their authority under this Declaration of Trust.

ARTICLE III

Shares

Section 3.1 Division of Beneficial Interest . The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided into such classes or series, and of such designations and par values (if any), and with such rights, preferences, privileges (including conversion rights, if any) and restrictions as shall be determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion, without Shareholder approval, from time to time. The number of Shares is unlimited and each Share shall be fully paid and

 

3


nonassessable. There shall be no cumulative voting. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust. Subject to applicable law, the Trustees may, without Shareholder approval, authorize the Trust to issue subscription or other rights representing interests in Shares to existing Shareholders or other persons subject to such terms and conditions as the Trustees may determine, except as otherwise provided in the By-laws. Shares held in the Trust’s treasury shall not confer any voting rights on the Trustees and shall not be entitled to any dividends or other distributions declared with respect to the Shares.

Section 3.2 Authorization and Issuance of Other Securities . The Trustees may, subject to the Fundamental Policies, the requirements of the 1940 Act and the terms of the Declaration of Trust, authorize and issue such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the Trustees see fit, including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior securities, to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration, including cash or property, at such time or times, and on such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares. Issuances and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares and/or 1/1,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the Trustees may determine. To the extent that the Trustees authorize and issue Preferred Shares of any class or series, they are hereby authorized and empowered to amend or supplement this Declaration of Trust as they deem necessary or appropriate in the furtherance of, or related to, the issuance of such Preferred Shares, including to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act or requirements imposed by the rating agencies or other Persons, all without the approval of Shareholders. Any such supplement or amendment shall be filed as is necessary. In addition, any such supplement or amendment may set forth the powers, preferences and special privileges of such Preferred Shares and any such supplement or amendment shall operate either as additions to or modifications of the powers, preferences and special privileges of any such Preferred Shares under this Declaration of Trust. To the extent the provisions set forth in such supplement or amendment conflict with the provisions of this Declaration of Trust with respect to any such rights, powers and privileges of the Preferred Shares, such amendment or supplement shall control. Except as contemplated by the immediately preceding sentence, this Declaration of Trust shall control as to the Trust generally and the powers, preferences and special privileges of the other Shareholders of the Trust. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such persons as they see fit to offer and sell such securities.

Section 3.3 Ownership of Shares . The ownership and transfer of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders and the Shares held by each Shareholder. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Board of Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each series and class and as to the number of Shares of the Trust and of each series and class held from time to time by each Shareholder. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any distribution or to have notice given to such

 

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Shareholder of any meeting or other action in respect of the Trust or any series or class until such Shareholder has given its address and such other information as shall be required to such officer or agent of the Trust or such series or class as shall keep the record books of the Trust or such series or class for entry thereof.

Section 3.4 Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability . Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this Declaration of Trust or By-laws. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof. The death, incapacity, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of a Shareholder during the existence of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust, nor entitle the representative of any such Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but entitles such representative only to the rights of such Shareholder under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust Property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder, nor, except as specifically provided herein, to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay.

Section 3.5 Investments in the Trust . Investments may be accepted by the Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such consideration as the Trustees or their authorized agents from time to time may authorize in their sole discretion. The Trustees and their authorized agents shall have the right to refuse to issue Shares to any Person at any time and for any reason.

ARTICLE IV

The Board of Trustees

Section 4.1 Number, Election and Tenure . The number of Trustees shall be the number of persons signing this Declaration of Trust until changed by the Trustees, and the Trustees may fix the number of Trustees from time to time; provided that the number of Trustees shall at all times be at least three (3). No reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his or her term. An individual nominated as a Trustee shall not be under legal disability at the time of nomination. Trustees may succeed themselves in office.

Any Trustee (i) may resign by delivering to the other Trustees or to any Trust officer a written resignation, which shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time; (ii) may be removed with or without cause at any time by a written instrument signed by at least a majority of the then Trustees, specifying the effective date of removal; (iii) who requests to be retired, or is declared bankrupt or has become physically or mentally incapacitated or is otherwise unable to serve, may be retired by a written instrument signed by a majority of the other Trustees, specifying the effective date of retirement; and (iv) may be removed at any meeting of the Shareholders by a vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote for the election of such Trustee.

 

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Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning or retiring and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following the effective date of his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.

Prior to any sale of common Shares pursuant to a public offering, the Trustees shall by resolution classify themselves, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into the following three classes: Class I, whose term expires upon the initial annual meeting of shareholders and upon the election and qualification of his or her successor; Class II, whose term expires upon the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholders after the initial annual meeting (the “second annual meeting”) and upon the election and qualification of his or her successor; and Class III, whose term expires upon the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholders after the second annual meeting and upon the election and qualification of his or her successor. The Board of Trustees shall continue to be divided into these three classes as long as the Board of Trustees consists of at least three Trustees. Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of Trustees constituting the entire Board of Trustees. Within the limits above specified, the number of the Trustees in each class shall be determined by the Board of Trustees. At each annual meeting beginning with the initial annual meeting, the successors of the class of Trustees whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting held in the third year following the year of their election, with each Trustee holding office until the expiration of the term of the relevant class and the election and qualification of his or her successor, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, retires, or is disqualified or removed from office. The Trustees may also determine those Trustees in each class that shall be elected by Shareholders of a particular class of Shares (e.g., by a class of Preferred Shares issued by the Trust) prior to the initial public offering of such class of Shares. In the event that the Trustees authorize and issue Preferred Shares of any class or series, the Trustees are hereby authorized and empowered to amend or supplement this Declaration of Trust as they deem necessary or appropriate in the furtherance of, or related to, the issuance of such Preferred Shares, including to modify the structure or makeup of the classes of Trustees or to create a separate class of Trustees to represent the holders of Preferred Shares, all without shareholder approval.

Section 4.2 Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee . The death, declination to serve, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of one or more Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever there shall be fewer than the designated number of Trustees, a vacancy shall occur. Until additional Trustees are elected or appointed as provided herein to bring the total number of Trustees equal to the designated number, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration of Trust. As evidence of such vacancy, an instrument certifying the existence of such vacancy may be executed by an officer of the Trust or by a Trustee. In the event of the death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of all the then Trustees within a short period of time and without the opportunity for at least one Trustee being able to appoint additional Trustees to replace those no longer serving, the Trust’s investment adviser or investment manager is empowered to appoint new Trustees subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

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Whenever a vacancy shall exist in the Board of Trustees, regardless of the reason for such vacancy, the remaining Trustees may appoint any person as they determine in their sole discretion to fill that vacancy, consistent with the limitations of the 1940 Act. Alternatively, the remaining Trustees may leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 4.1 of this Article IV; provided, further, that if the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares are entitled separately to elect one or more Trustees, a majority of the remaining Trustees or the sole remaining Trustee elected by that class or series may fill any vacancy among the number of Trustees elected by that class or series. Any Trustees appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the class in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

Section 4.3 Powers . Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and the Trustees shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: adopt By-Laws providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust and may amend and repeal such By-Laws; enlarge or reduce their number and fill vacancies caused by enlargement of their number or by the death, declination to serve, resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity of a Trustee; elect and remove, with or without cause, such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate; appoint from their own number and establish and terminate one or more committees consisting of one or more Trustees which may exercise the powers and authority of the Board of Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine, including a committee consisting of fewer than all of the Trustees then in office, which may act for and bind the Trustees and the Trust, with respect to the institution, prosecution, dismissal, settlement, review or investigation of any legal action, suit or proceeding, pending or threatened to be brought before any court, administrative agency or other adjudicatory body; employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians (including foreign custodians) and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank; retain a transfer or similar agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; retain a fund account agent or administrator, or both; provide for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust directly or through one or more Principal Underwriters, or both; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; establish a registered office and have a registered agent in the State of Delaware; and declare and pay dividends and distributions to Shareholders, and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter or other duly appointed service provider. The Trustees have the power to construe and interpret this Declaration of Trust and to act upon any such construction or interpretation. Any construction or interpretation of this Declaration of Trust by the Trustees and any action taken pursuant thereto and any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust and the Shareholders made by the Trustees in good faith shall, in each case, be conclusive and binding on all Shareholders and all other Persons for all purposes. In construing the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a

 

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grant of power to the Trustees. Except to the extent modified by the terms of this Declaration of Trust, the Trustees shall owe to the Trust and its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties (and only such duties) as owed by directors of corporations to such corporations and their shareholders under the Delaware General Corporation Law. Unless otherwise expressly provided herein or required by federal law, including the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall act in their sole discretion and may take any action or exercise any power without any vote or consent of the Shareholders.

Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have the power and authority to cause the Trust (or to act on behalf of the Trust):

(a) To invest and reinvest cash, to hold cash uninvested, and to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, own, hold, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options on, lend or otherwise deal in, or dispose of, any form of property, including foreign currencies and related instruments and contracts for the future acquisition or delivery of securities or other assets, and financial instruments of every nature and kind, including all types of bonds, debentures, stocks, warrants, time notes, negotiable or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of indebtedness, certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, convertible securities, forward contracts, options, futures contracts, swaps, other financial contracts or derivative instruments and securities issued by an investment company registered under the 1940 Act or any series thereof, bankers’ acceptances, and other financial instruments of any kind, issued, created, guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of the U.S. Government or any foreign government, or any international instrumentality, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or organization organized under any foreign law, or in “when issued” contracts for any such securities, to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and to exercise any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers, and privileges in respect of any of said instruments;

(b) To purchase, sell and hold currencies and enter into contracts for the future purchase or sale of currencies, including forward foreign currency exchange contracts;

(c) To sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write options (including, options on futures contracts) with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust;

(d) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such Person or Persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such Person or Persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;

 

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(e) To exercise powers and right of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;

(f) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, book entry, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or in the name of a Trustee or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or otherwise;

(g) To the extent necessary or appropriate to give effect to the preferences, special or relative rights and privileges of any classes or series of Shares, to allocate assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the Trust to a particular class or classes or series of Shares or to apportion the same among two or more classes or series;

(h) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;

(i) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee, depository, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depository or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depository or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;

(j) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any matter in controversy, including claims for taxes;

(k) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations;

(l) To borrow funds or other property or otherwise obtain credit in the name of the Trust exclusively for Trust purposes and in connection therewith issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness; and to mortgage, pledge or otherwise subject as security the Trust Property or any part thereof to secure any or all of such indebtedness, including the lending of portfolio securities;

(m) To endorse or guarantee the payment, or undertake the performance, of any notes or other contracts, engagements or obligations of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof; and to mortgage and pledge the Trust Property or any part thereof to secure any of or all of such obligations;

(n) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property, such insurance as the Trustees may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business, including insurance policies insuring the assets of the Trust or payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment advisers or investment manager, Principal Underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust, individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature

 

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arising by reason of holding Shares, holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such Person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent, investment adviser or investment manager, Principal Underwriter, or independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against liability;

(o) To adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans and trusts, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust;

(p) To operate as and carry out the business of an investment company registered under the 1940 Act, and exercise all the powers necessary or appropriate to the conduct of such operations;

(q) To employ one or more banks, trust companies or companies that are members of a national securities exchange or such other entities as the Commission may permit as custodians of any assets of the Trust subject to any conditions set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the By-Laws;

(r) To interpret the investment policies, practices or limitations of the Trust or any series;

(s) To invest part or all of the Trust Property, or to dispose of part or all of the Trust Property and invest the proceeds of such disposition, in securities issued by one or more other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act (including investment by means of transfer of part or all of the Trust Property in exchange for an interest or interests in such one or more investment companies) all without any requirement of approval by Shareholders unless required by the 1940 Act. Any such other investment company may (but need not) be a trust (formed under the laws of the State of Delaware or of any other state) which is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes;

(t) To declare and make distributions of income and capital gains to Shareholders;

(u) To provide for separate classes, groups or series of Trustees with respect to any Trust Property having such relative rights, powers and duties as the Trustees may determine;

(v) To issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, cancel, retire, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, transfer, dispose of and otherwise deal in Shares pursuant to applicable federal law; to establish terms and conditions including any fees or expenses regarding the issuance, sale, repurchase, redemption, cancellation, retirement, acquisition, holding, resale, reissuance, disposition of or dealing in Shares;

 

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(w) To enter into contracts of any kind and description and carry on any other business in connection with or incidental to any of the foregoing powers, to do everything necessary or desirable to accomplish any purpose or to further any of the foregoing powers, and to take every other action incidental to the foregoing business or purposes, objects or powers;

(x) Subject to the 1940 Act, to engage in any other lawful act or activity in which a statutory trust organized under the Delaware Act may engage, including, but not limited to, any and all acts permitted of a closed-end company under the 1940 Act;

(y) To execute and enter into brokerage contracts and other agreements reasonable, necessary or convenient in order to transact in the foregoing instruments;

(z) To employ auditors, counsel and other agents of the Trust, subject to any conditions set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the By-Laws.

The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before the possible termination of the Trust. The Trust shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other action hereunder.

Section 4.4 Payment of Expenses by the Trust . The Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or partly out of the principal and partly out of income, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust, or in connection with the management thereof, including the Trustees’ compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trust’s officers, employees, investment adviser or investment manager, Principal Underwriter, auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, shareholder servicing agent and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may, in their sole discretion, deem necessary or proper to incur.

Section 4.5 Ownership of Assets of the Trust . Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, except that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, on such terms as the Trustees may determine with the same effect as if such property were held in the name of the Trust. No creditor of any Trustee shall have any right to obtain possession, or otherwise exercise legal or equitable remedies with respect to, any Trust Property with respect to any claim against, or obligation of, such Trustee in its individual capacity and not related to the Trust. The right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each Person who may hereafter become a Trustee. Upon the resignation, retirement, removal, declination to serve, incapacity, or death of a Trustee, he or she shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered.

 

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Section 4.6 Service Contracts .

(a) The Trust may enter into contracts with one or more Persons, to act as investment adviser, investment sub-adviser, investment manager, administrator, sub-administrator or other agent, and as such to perform such functions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, including, without limitation, investment advisory, management, research, valuation of assets, clerical and administrative functions, under such terms and conditions, and for such compensation, as the Trustees may deem advisable. The Trustees may also authorize any adviser or sub-adviser to employ one or more sub-advisers from time to time and any administrator to employ one or more sub-administrators from time to time, upon such terms and conditions as shall be approved by the Trustees.

(b) The Trust may enter into a contract or contracts with one or more Persons to act as underwriters, distributors or placement agents whereby the Trust may either agree to sell Shares of the Trust to the other party or parties to the contract or appoint such other party or parties its sales agent or agents for such Shares and with such other provisions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, and the Trust may from time to time enter into transfer agency, sub-transfer agency and/or shareholder servicing contract(s), in each case with such terms and conditions, and providing for such compensation, as the Trustees may deem advisable.

All securities, cash and other instruments of the Trust shall be held pursuant to a written contract or contracts with one or more custodians and subcustodians or shall otherwise be held in accordance with the 1940 Act, to the extent applicable.

(c) Any contract of the character described in this Section 4.6 may be entered into with any Person, including the investment adviser, any investment sub-adviser or an affiliate of the investment adviser or sub-adviser, although one or more of the Trustees, officers, or Shareholders of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, or otherwise interested in such contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom. The same Person may be a party to more than one contract entered into pursuant to this Section 4.6 and any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this Section 4.6.

(d) Subject to such rules, regulations and orders as the Commission may adopt, the Trustees may direct the custodian to deposit all or any part of the securities owned by the Trust in a system for the central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or a national securities association registered with the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or such other Person as may be permitted by the Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which system all securities of any particular class of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of such securities, provided that all such deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of the Trust.

 

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(e) The authority of the Trustees hereunder to authorize the Trust to enter into contracts or other agreements or arrangements shall include the authority of the Trustees to modify, amend, waive any provision of, supplement, assign all or a portion of, novate, or terminate such contracts, agreements or arrangements. The enumeration of any specific contracts in this Section 4.6 shall in no way be deemed to limit the power and authority of the Trustees as otherwise set forth in this Declaration of Trust to authorize the Trust to employ, contract with or make payments to such Persons as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust.

(f) The Trustees are further empowered, at any time and from time to time, to contract with any Person to provide such other services to the Trust, as the Trustees determine to be in the best interests of the Trust.

(g) Any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust may lend money to, borrow money from, act as a surety, guarantor or endorser for, guarantee or assume one or more obligations of, provide collateral for, and transact other business with the Trust and, subject to applicable law, has the same rights and obligations with respect to any such matter as a Person who is not a Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust.

Section 4.7 Trustees and Officers as Shareholders . Any Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust may acquire, own and dispose of Shares to the same extent as if he were not a Trustee, officer or agent; and the Trustees may issue and sell and cause to be issued and sold Shares to any such Person or any firm or company in which such Person is interested, subject only to the general limitations contained herein relating to the sale and redemption of such Shares.

Section 4.8 Determinations by Trustees . The Trustees may make any determinations they deem necessary with respect to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, including the following matters: the amount of the assets, obligations, liabilities and expenses of the Trust; the amount of the net income of the Trust from dividends, capital gains, interest or other sources for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends or distributions; which items are to be treated as income and which as capital; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges were created shall have been paid or discharged); the market value, or any other price to be applied in determining the market value, or the fair value, of any security or other asset owned or held by the Trust; the number of Shares of the Trust or any issued or issuable.

Section 4.9 Delegation by Trustees . Subject only to any limitations required by federal law, including the 1940 Act, the Trustees may delegate any and all powers and authority hereunder as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees, any committee composed of Trustees and other persons and any committee composed only of persons other than Trustees and to any agent, independent contractor or employee of the Trust or to any custodian, administrator, transfer or shareholder servicing agent, investment manager, investment adviser or sub-adviser, Principal Underwriter or other service provider, provided that such delegation of power or authority by the Trustees shall not cause any Trustee

 

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to cease to be a Trustee of the Trust or cause such person, officer, agent, employee, custodian, transfer or shareholder servicing agent, investment manager, Principal Underwriter or other service provider to whom any power or authority has been delegated to be a Trustee of the Trust. The reference in this Declaration of Trust to the right of the Trustees to, or circumstances under which they may, delegate any power or authority, or the reference in this Declaration of Trust to the authorized agents of the Trustees or any other Person to whom any power or authority has been or may be delegated pursuant to any specific provision of this Declaration of Trust, shall not limit the authority of the Trustees to delegate any other power or authority under this Declaration of Trust to any Person, subject only to any limitations under federal law, including the 1940 Act.

ARTICLE V

Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings

The Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as and to the extent provided in Section 4.1, (ii) as provided in Article IX; (iii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by federal law, including the 1940 Act; and (iv) as the Trustees may otherwise consider necessary or desirable in their sole discretion. Provisions relating to meetings, quorum, required vote, record date and other matters relating to Shareholder voting rights are as provided in the By-Laws.

ARTICLE VI

Net Asset Value and Distributions

Section 6.1 Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income and Distribution . Subject to applicable federal law, including the 1940 Act, the Trustees, in their sole discretion, may prescribe (and delegate to any officer of the Trust or any other Person or Persons the right and obligation to prescribe) such bases and time (including any methodology or plan) for determining the per Share or aggregate net asset value of the Shares of the Trust or net income attributable to the Shares of the Trust, or the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions on the Shares of the Trust and the method of determining the Shareholders to whom dividends and distributions are payable, as they may deem necessary or desirable. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, but subject to applicable federal law, including the 1940 Act, any dividend or distribution may be paid in cash and/or securities or other property, and the composition of any such distribution shall be determined by the Trustees (or by any officer of the Trust or any other Person or Persons to whom such authority has been delegated by the Trustees) and shall be binding upon the Shareholders and may be different among Shareholders.

The Trustees shall have full discretion to determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital and their determination shall be binding upon the Shareholders. Distributions of income for each year or other period, if any be made, may be made in one or more payments, which shall be in Shares, in cash or otherwise and on a date or dates and as of a record date or dates determined by the Trustees. At any time and from time to time in their discretion, the Trustees may distribute to the Shareholders as of a record date or dates determined by the Trustees, in Shares, in cash or otherwise, all or part of any gains realized

 

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on the sale or disposition of property or otherwise, or all or part of any other principal of the Trust. Each distribution pursuant to this Section 6.1 to the Shareholders of a particular class or series shall be made ratably according to the number of Shares of such class or series held by the several Shareholders on the applicable record date thereof, provided that no distribution need be made on Shares purchased pursuant to orders received, or for which payment is made, after such time or times as the Trustees may determine. Any such distribution paid in Shares will be paid at the net asset value thereof as determined in accordance with this Section 6.1, or at such other value as may be specified by the Bylaws or as the Trustees may from time to time determine, subject to applicable laws and regulations then in effect.

ARTICLE VII

Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees

Section 7.1 Compensation . Any Trustee, whether or not he or she is a salaried officer or employee of the Trust, may be compensated for his or her services as Trustee or as a member of a committee of Trustees or as chairman of a committee by fixed periodic payments or by fees for attendance at meetings, by both or otherwise, and in addition may be reimbursed for transportation and other expenses, all in such manner and amounts as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking, brokerage or other services and payment for the same by the Trust.

Section 7.2 Limitation of Liability . No personal liability for any debt or obligation of the Trust shall attach to any Trustee of the Trust and a Trustee shall not be responsible for or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, investment adviser, sub-adviser, principal underwriter, custodian, administrator or other service provider of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible or liable for the act or omission of any other Trustee. No Trustee shall have any liability to the Trust, any series or class, any Shareholder or any other Person; provided that nothing contained herein shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which such Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of such Trustee’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.

All Persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust shall look only to the assets of the Trust that such Person extended credit to, contracted with or has a claim against, and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his, her or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. At the Trustees’ discretion, any note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued by the Trustees or by any officer or officers may give notice that the Certificate of Trust is on file in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and that a limitation on liability exists and such note, bond,

 

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contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking may, if the Trustees so determine, recite that the same was executed or made on behalf of the Trust by a Trustee or Trustees in such capacity and not individually or by an officer or officers in such capacity and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the Shareholders individually but are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust, and may contain such further recital as such Person or Persons may deem appropriate. The omission of any such notice or recital shall in no way operate to bind any Trustees, officers or Shareholders individually.

Section 7.3 Trustee’s Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety . The exercise in good faith by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. The Trustees may rely in good faith upon advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust and their duties as Trustees hereunder, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice; provided the Trustees shall be under no liability for failing to follow such advice. A Trustee shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Trust and upon information, opinions, reports or statements presented by another Trustee or any officer, employee or other agent of the Trust, or by any other Person as to matters the Trustee reasonably believes are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence, including information, opinions, reports or statements as to the value and amount of the assets, liabilities, profits or losses of the Trust, or the value and amount of assets or reserves or contracts, agreements or other undertakings that would be sufficient to pay claims and obligations of the Trust or to make reasonable provision to pay such claims and obligations, or any other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of assets from which distributions to Shareholders or creditors of the Trust might properly be paid. The appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee as chair of the Board of Trustees, a member or chair of a committee of the Board of Trustees, an expert on any topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or the lead independent Trustee, or any other special appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee, shall not impose on that person any standard of care or liability that is greater than that imposed on that person as a Trustee in the absence of the appointment, designation or identification, and no Trustee who has special skills or expertise, or is appointed, designated or identified as aforesaid, shall be held to a higher standard of care by virtue thereof. In addition, no appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee as aforesaid shall affect in any way that Trustee’s rights or entitlement to indemnification or advancement of expenses. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is obtained.

For purposes of (a) any standard of care applicable to a Trustee in the discharge of his or her duties as a Trustee and (b) indemnification of a Trustee pursuant to Section 7.5 of this Article VII, the conduct of the Trustee shall be evaluated solely by reference to a hypothetical reasonable person, without regard to any special expertise, knowledge or other qualifications of the Trustee. In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the determination that a Trustee is an “audit committee financial expert” nor the knowledge, experience or other qualifications underlying such a determination shall result in that Trustee being held to a standard of care that is higher than the standard that would be applicable in the absence of such a determination or such knowledge, experience or qualification, nor shall such a determination or such knowledge, experience or other qualification impose any duties, obligations or liabilities that are greater than would obtain in the absence of such a determination or such knowledge, experience or qualification.

 

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Section 7.4 Insurance . The Trustees shall be entitled and empowered to the fullest extent permitted by law to purchase with Trust assets insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved by virtue of his or her capacity or former capacity with the Trust.

Section 7.5 Indemnification .

(a) Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in subsections (b) and (c) below:

(i) every person who is, or has been, a Trustee or an officer or employee of the Trust or is or was serving at the request of the Trust as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (“Covered Person”) shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been a Covered Person and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof.

(ii) as used herein, the words “claim,” “action,” “suit” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings, including any form of alternative dispute resolution, such as but not limited to, arbitration or mediations (civil, criminal, investigative or other, including appeals), actual or threatened, and the words “liability” and “expenses” shall include, without limitation, attorney’s fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities whatsoever.

(b) To the extent required under the 1940 Act, but only to such extent, no indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:

(i) who shall have been adjudicated by a court or body before which the proceeding was brought to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office; or

(ii) in the event of a settlement, unless there has been a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office: (A) by the court or other body approving the settlement; (B) by at least a majority of those Trustees who are neither Interested Persons of the Trust nor are parties to the matter based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry); or (C) by written opinion of independent legal counsel based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry).

(c) The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of a Covered Person.

 

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(d) To the extent that any determination is required to be made as to whether a Covered Person engaged in conduct for which indemnification is not provided as described herein, or as to whether there is reason to believe that a Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification, the Person or Persons making the determination shall afford the Covered Person a rebuttable presumption that the Covered Person has not engaged in such conduct and that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

(e) To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, expenses in connection with the preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding of the character described in subsection (a) of this Section 7.5 shall be paid from time to time prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person that such amount will be paid over by him or her to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under this Section; provided, however, that any such advancement will be made in accordance with any conditions required by the Commission. The advancement of any expenses pursuant to this Section 7.5(e) shall under no circumstances be considered a “loan” under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended from time to time, or for any other reason.

(f) Any repeal or modification of this Article VII or adoption or modification of any other provision of this Declaration of Trust inconsistent with this Article VII shall be prospective only to the extent that such repeal or modification would, if applied retrospectively, adversely affect any limitation on the liability of any Covered Person or indemnification or right to advancement of expenses available to any Covered Person with respect to any act or omission that occurred prior to such repeal, modification or adoption.

(g) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Declaration of Trust to the contrary, any liability and/or expense against which any Covered Person is indemnified under this Section 7.5 and any advancement of expenses that any Covered Person is entitled to be paid under Section 7.5(e) shall be deemed to be joint and several obligations of the Trust, and the assets of the Trust shall be subject to the claims of any Covered Person therefor under this Article VII; provided that any such liability, expense or obligation may be allocated and charged by the Trustees between or among the Trust in such manner as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable.

Section 7.6 Further Indemnification . Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which any Covered Person or other Person may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law or prevent the Trust from entering into any contract to provide indemnification to any Covered Person or other Person. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trust may, in connection with any transaction permitted by this Declaration of Trust, including the acquisition of assets subject to liabilities or a merger or consolidation pursuant to Section 8.3 hereof, assume the obligation to indemnify any Person including a Covered Person or otherwise contract to provide such indemnification, and such indemnification shall not be subject to the terms of this Article VII.

 

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Section 7.7 Indemnification Of Shareholders . No personal liability for any debt or obligation of the Trust shall attach to any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust. If any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust is held personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a Shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or, in the case of any entity, its general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets belonging to the Trust to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability; provided, however, there shall be no liability or obligation of the Trust arising hereunder to reimburse any Shareholder for taxes paid by reason of such Shareholder’s ownership of any Share or for losses suffered by reason of any changes in value of any Trust assets. The Trust shall, upon request by such Shareholder or former Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against him or her for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets belonging to the Trust.

ARTICLE VIII

Miscellaneous

Section 8.1 Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees . No Person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.

Section 8.2 Termination of the Trust .

(a) Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust may be terminated or any series thereof may be dissolved at any time by the Trustees without Shareholder approval except as may be required by law or Article IX of this Declaration of Trust.

(b) In accordance with Section 3808 of the Delaware Act, upon the requisite action by the Trustees to dissolve the Trust or any one or more series of Shares, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, of the Trust or of the particular series as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the remaining assets of the Trust or of the affected series to distributable form in cash or Shares (if any series remain) or other securities, or any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders of the Trust or any applicable series, ratably according to the number of Shares of the Trust or such series held by the several Shareholders of the Trust or such series on the date of distribution. In connection with the dissolution and liquidation of the Trust, the Trustees may provide for the establishment of a liquidating trust or similar vehicle.

(c) Following completion of winding up of any series’ business, the series shall be dissolved and the Trustees and the Trust shall be discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties relating thereto or arising therefrom, and the right, title and interest of all parties with respect to such series shall be canceled and discharged. Following completion of winding up of the Trust’s business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act, which certificate of

 

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cancellation may be signed by any one Trustee in accordance with Section 3811(a)(3) of the Delaware Act. Upon the filing of such certificate of cancellation, the Trust shall terminate, the Trustees shall be discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties relating thereto or arising therefrom, and the right, title and interest of all parties with respect to the Trust shall be canceled and discharged.

Section 8.3 Reorganization .

(a) Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Trustees may, in their sole discretion and without Shareholder approval except as required by the 1940 Act or Article IX of this Declaration of Trust, (i) cause the Trust to convert or merge, reorganize or consolidate with or into one or more trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, associations, corporations or other business entities (or a series of any of the foregoing to the extent permitted by law) (including trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, associations, corporations or other business entities created by the Trustees to accomplish such conversion, merger, reorganization or consolidation), to the extent permitted by law, and that, in the case of any trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such conversion, merger, reorganization or consolidation, may (but need not) succeed to or assume the Trust’s registration under the 1940 Act and that, in any case, is formed, organized or existing under the laws of the United States or of a state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States, (ii) cause the Shares to be exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute to the extent permitted by law, (iii) cause the Trust to incorporate or re-domicile under the laws of a state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States, (iv) sell or convey all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust to another trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity (or a series of any of the foregoing to the extent permitted by law) (including a trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such sale and conveyance), organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States and, in the case of any trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such sale and conveyance, may (but need not) succeed to or assume the Trust’s registration under the 1940 Act, for adequate consideration as determined by the Trustees that may include the assumption of all outstanding obligations, taxes and other liabilities, accrued or contingent of the Trust, and that may include Shares of the Trust or shares of beneficial interest, stock or other ownership interest of such trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity (or series thereof) or (v) at any time sell or convert into money all or any part of the assets of the Trust. Any certificate of merger, certificate of conversion or other applicable certificate may be signed by any Trustee acting individually.

(b) Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f) of the Delaware Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Declaration of Trust, an agreement of merger or consolidation approved by the Trustees in accordance with this Section 8.3 may effect any amendment to this Declaration of Trust or effect the adoption of a new governing instrument of the Trust if the Trust is the surviving or resulting entity in the merger or consolidation; provided, however, that no such action shall limit the rights to insurance provided by Article VII of this Declaration of Trust with respect to any acts or omissions of

 

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Persons covered thereby prior to such amendment nor shall any such action limit the rights to indemnification and advancement referenced in Article VII of this Declaration of Trust with respect to any actions or omissions of Persons covered thereby prior to such amendment.

Section 8.4 Amendments . This Declaration of Trust may be restated and/or amended at any time by (i) an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the Trustees then holding office or (ii) adoption by a majority of the Trustees then holding office of a resolution specifying the restatement and/or amendment. Any such restatement and/or amendment hereto shall be effective immediately upon such execution or adoption. No vote or consent of any Shareholder shall be required for any amendment to this Declaration of Trust except (i) as determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion; (ii) as required by federal law, including the 1940 Act, but only to the extent so required or (iii) as provided in Article IX. The Certificate of Trust of the Trust may be restated and/or amended by the majority of Trustees as necessary or desirable to reflect any change in the information set forth therein, and any such restatement and/or amendment shall be effective immediately upon filing with the Office of the Secretary of the State of Delaware or upon such future date as may be stated therein. Notwithstanding anything else herein, no amendment hereof shall limit the rights to insurance provided by Article VII of this Declaration of Trust with respect to any acts or omissions of Persons covered thereby prior to such amendment nor shall any such amendment limit the rights to indemnification and advancement referenced in Article VII of this Declaration of Trust with respect to any actions or omissions of Persons covered thereby prior to such amendment.

Section 8.5 Filing of Copies, References, Headings, Rules of Construction . Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this Declaration of Trust. In this Declaration of Trust, references to this Declaration of Trust, and all expressions such as “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, shall be deemed to refer to this Declaration of Trust as a whole and not to any particular article or section unless the context requires otherwise. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever the singular number is used herein, the same shall include the plural; and the neuter, masculine and feminine genders shall include each other, as applicable. This Declaration of Trust and any document, consent or instrument referenced in or contemplated by this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, (i) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws that is to be executed by one or more Trustees may be executed by means of original, facsimile or electronic signature and (ii) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws that is to be delivered by one or more Trustees may be delivered by facsimile or electronic means (including e-mail), unless, in the case of either clause (i) or (ii), otherwise determined by the Trustees. The terms “include,” “includes” and “including” and any comparable terms shall be deemed to mean “including, without limitation.” Any reference to any statute, law, code, rule or regulation shall be deemed to refer to such statute, law, code, rule or regulation as amended or restated from time to time and any successor thereto.

 

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Section 8.6 Applicable Law .

(a) The Trust is created under, and this Declaration of Trust is to be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware. The Trust shall be a Delaware statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to statutory trusts or actions that may be engaged in by statutory trusts under the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.

(b) Notwithstanding the first sentence of Section 8.6(a), there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees or this Declaration of Trust, the provisions of Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code or any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of Delaware (other than the Delaware Act) pertaining to trusts that relate to or regulate: (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining a court or other governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums applicable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding of trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards or responsibilities or limitations on the acts or powers of trustees that are inconsistent with the limitations or liabilities or authorities and powers of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Declaration of Trust.

Section 8.7 Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations .

(a) The provisions of the Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provision is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any successor statute thereto), and the regulations thereunder, the Delaware Act or with other applicable federal laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.

(b) If any provision of the Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of the Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.

Section 8.8 Statutory Trust Only . It is the intention of the Trustees to create a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment, or any form of legal relationship other than a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

 

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Section 8.9 Derivative Actions .

(a) The purpose of this Section is to protect the interests of the Trust and its Shareholders by establishing a process that will permit legitimate inquiries and claims to be made and considered while avoiding the time, expense, distraction and other harm that can be caused to the Trust and its Shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions.

(b) Other than a Trustee, no person who is not a Shareholder may bring a derivative or similar action or proceeding in the right of the Trust to recover a judgment in its favor (a “derivative action”) unless each of the following conditions is met:

(i) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust on behalf of or in the right of which the action is proposed to be brought, at the time of the action or failure to act complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time;

(ii) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust at the time the demand required by subparagraph (iii) below was made;

(iii) Prior to the commencement of such derivative action, the Complaining Shareholders have made a written demand on the Trustees requesting that the Trustees cause the Trust to file the action itself on behalf of the Trust (a “demand”), which demand (A) shall be executed by or on behalf of no less than three (3) Complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or by marriage) to any other Complaining Shareholder executing such written demand and (B) shall include at least the following:

(1) a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which each such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought;

(2) a statement to the effect that the Complaining Shareholders believe in good faith that they will fairly and adequately represent the interests of similarly situated Shareholders in enforcing the right of the Trust and an explanation of why the Complaining Shareholders believe that to be the case;

(3) a certification that the requirements of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph (b) have been met, as well as information reasonably designed to allow the Trustees to verify that certification;

(4) a list of all other derivative or class actions in which any of the Complaining Shareholders is or was a named plaintiff, the court in which such action was filed, the date of filing, the name of all counsel to any plaintiffs and the outcome or current status of such actions;

 

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(5) a certification of the number of Shares of the Fund owned beneficially or of record by each Complaining Shareholder at the time set forth in subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph (b) and an undertaking that each Complaining Shareholder will be a Shareholder of the Trust as of the commencement of and throughout the derivative action and will notify the Trust in writing of any sale, transfer or other disposition by any of the Complaining Shareholders of any such Shares within three (3) business days thereof; and

(6) an acknowledgment of the provisions of paragraphs (f) and (g) of this Section below;

(iv) Shareholders owning Shares representing in the aggregate at least ten percent (10%) of the voting power of the Trust must join in initiating the derivative action; and

(v) A copy of the proposed derivative complaint must be served on the Trust, assuming the requirements of subparagraphs (i) through (iv) above have already been met and the derivative action has not been barred in accordance with paragraph (d) below.

(c) Within 90 calendar days of the receipt of a Shareholder demand submitted in accordance with the requirements above, those Trustees who are independent for purposes of considering the demand or a committee comprised of some or all of such Trustees (the “independent Trustees”) will consider, with the assistance of counsel who may be retained by such Trustees on behalf and at the expense of the Trust, the merits of the claim and determine whether maintaining a suit would be in the best interests of the Trust. If, during this 90-day period, those independent Trustees conclude that a determination as to the maintenance of a suit cannot reasonably be made within the 90-day period, those independent Trustees may extend the 90-day period by a period of time that the independent Trustees consider will be sufficient to permit them to make such a determination, not to exceed 60 calendar days from the end of the initial 90-day period (such 90-day period, as may be extended as provided hereunder, the “review period”) or such other reasonable term as those independent Trustees determine. Trustees who are not deemed to be Interested Persons of the Trust are deemed independent for all purposes, including for the purpose of approving or dismissing a derivative action. However, the fact that a Trustee is an Interested Person shall not automatically deem that person to not be independent for purposes of approving a derivative action. A Trustee otherwise independent for purposes of considering the demand shall not be considered not to be independent solely by virtue of (i) the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment adviser or underwriter, (ii) the amount of such remuneration, (iii) the fact that such Trustee was identified in the demand as a potential defendant or witness, or (iv) the fact that the Trustee approved the act being challenged in the demand if the act resulted in no material personal benefit to the Trustee or, if the Trustee is also a Shareholder, no material personal benefit that is not shared pro rata with other Shareholders.

(d) If the demand has been properly made under paragraph (b) of this Section, and a majority of the independent Trustees have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust, the demand shall be rejected and the Complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a

 

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derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Trust. If upon such consideration a majority of the independent Trustees determine that such a suit should be maintained, then the appropriate officers of the Trust shall cause the Trust to commence that suit and such suit shall proceed directly rather than derivatively or permit the Complaining Shareholders to proceed derivatively, provided however that any counsel representing the interests of the Trust shall be approved by the Trustees. The Trustees, or the appropriate officers of the Trust, shall inform the Complaining Shareholders of any decision reached under this paragraph (d) by sending written notice to each Complaining Shareholder, or the Shareholder’s counsel, if represented by counsel, within five business days of such decision having been reached.

(e) If notice of a decision has not been sent to the Complaining Shareholders or the Shareholders’ counsel within the time permitted by paragraph (d) above, and subparagraphs (i) through (v) of paragraph (b) above have been complied with, the Complaining Shareholders shall not be barred by this Declaration of Trust from commencing a derivative action.

(f) A Complaining Shareholder whose demand is rejected pursuant to paragraph (d) above shall be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the Trust’s consideration of the demand if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. A Shareholder who commences or maintains a derivative action in violation of this Section shall reimburse the Trust for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the action if the action is dismissed on the basis of the failure to comply with this Section. If a court determines that any derivative action has been brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose, the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the action shall be borne by the Shareholders who commenced the action.

(g) The Trust shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a Complaining Shareholder in any circumstances only if required by law. The Trust shall not be obligated to pay any attorneys’ fees so incurred by a Complaining Shareholder other than fees that are reasonable and that do not exceed an amount calculated using reasonable hourly rates.

Section 8.10 Inspection of Records and Reports . Every Trustee shall have the right at any reasonable time to inspect all books, records, and documents of every kind and the physical properties of the Trust. This inspection by a Trustee may be made in person or by an agent or attorney and the right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts of documents. No Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account, book or document of the Trust that is not publicly available, except as conferred by the Trustees. The books and records of the Trust may be kept at such place or places as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine, except as otherwise required by law.

 

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Section 8.11 Exclusive Delaware Jurisdiction . Each Trustee, each officer and each Person legally or beneficially owning a Share or an interest in a Share of the Trust (whether through a broker, dealer, bank, trust company or clearing corporation or an agent of any of the foregoing or otherwise), to the fullest extent permitted by law, including Section 3804(e) of the Delaware Act, (i) irrevocably agrees that any claims, suits, actions or proceedings asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs (or similar) doctrine or arising out of or relating in any way to the Trust, the Delaware Act, this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws (including, without limitation, any claims, suits, actions or proceedings to interpret, apply or enforce (A) the provisions of this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, or (B) the duties (including fiduciary duties), obligations or liabilities of the Trust to the Shareholders or the Trustees, or of officers or the Trustees to the Trust, to the Shareholders or each other, or (C) the rights or powers of, or restrictions on, the Trust, the officers, the Trustees or the Shareholders, or (D) any provision of the Delaware Act or other laws of the State of Delaware pertaining to trusts made applicable to the Trust pursuant to Section 3809 of the Delaware Act, or (E) any other instrument, document, agreement or certificate contemplated by any provision of the Delaware Act, this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws relating in any way to the Trust (regardless, in each case, of whether such claims, suits, actions or proceedings (x) sound in contract, tort, fraud or otherwise, (y) are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds, or (z) are derivative or direct claims)), shall be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any other court in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction, (ii) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in connection with any such claim, suit, action or proceeding, (iii) irrevocably agrees not to, and waives any right to, assert in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding that (A) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such courts or any other court to which proceedings in such courts may be appealed, (B) such claim, suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (C) the venue of such claim, suit, action or proceeding is improper, (iv) expressly waives any requirement for the posting of a bond by a party bringing such claim, suit, action or proceeding, (v) consents to process being served in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding by mailing, certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy thereof to such party at the address in effect for notices hereunder, and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof; provided, nothing in clause (vi) hereof shall affect or limit any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law, and (vii) irrevocably waives any and all right to trial by jury in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding.

ARTICLE IX

Certain Transactions

Section 9.1 Vote Required . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration of Trust and subject to the exceptions provided in Section 9.3 of this Article IX, the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon shall be required to approve the types of transactions described in Section 9.2 of this Article IX.

Section 9.2 Covered Transactions . This Article IX shall apply to the following transactions:

(a) The merger, consolidation or share exchange of the Trust, any series or class of Shares of the Trust, or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any other person or

 

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company (including, without limitation, a Shareholder, partnership, corporation, joint venture, statutory or business trust, common law trust or any other business organization) or of any such person or company with or into the Trust or any series or class of Shares;

(b) The issuance or transfer by the Trust or any series or class of Shares (in one or more series of transactions in any twelve-month period) of any securities of the Trust or such series or class to any Principal Shareholder for cash, securities or other property (or combination thereof) having an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more, excluding (x) sales of any securities of the Trust or a series or class in connection with a public offering thereof, (y) issuance of securities of the Trust or a series or class pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan adopted by the Trustees and (z) issuances of securities of the Trust or a series or class upon the exercise of any stock subscription rights distributed by the Trust or a series or class;

(c) The sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition by the Trust or any series or class of Shares (in one or a series of transactions in any twelve-month period) to or with any Principal Shareholder of any assets of the Trust or such series or class having an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more, except for transactions in securities or other investments effected by the Trust or a series or class in the ordinary course of business or in connection with a credit facility;

(d) The dissolution, liquidation or termination of the Trust. Upon such authorization, the Trustees shall proceed to wind up the affairs of, and liquidate, the Trust in accordance with Article VIII, Section 8.2 hereof;

(e) The issuance of any securities of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash, except as part of an offering in which the Principal Shareholder has no special right to participate as compared to other holders of the same class of Shares, or investors at large;

(f) Any Shareholder proposal as to specific investment decisions made or to be made with respect to the assets of the Trust or a series or class of Shares; and

(g) The conversion of the Trust or any series of Shares from a “closed-end company” to an “open-end company”, as those terms are defined in Sections 5(a)(2) and 5(a)(1), respectively, of the 1940 Act (as in effect on the date of this Declaration of Trust), together with any necessary amendments to this Declaration of Trust to permit such a conversion.

Section 9.3 Exceptions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 9.1 of this Article IX, so long as each action is approved by both a majority of the entire Board of Trustees and seventy-five percent (75%) of the Continuing Trustees, and so long as all other conditions and requirements, if any, provided for in the By-Laws and applicable law have been satisfied, then except to the extent such Shareholder vote or consent is required by the 1940 Act or other federal law or hereafter authorized by any agreement between the Trust and any national securities exchange, if any, no Shareholder vote or consent shall be necessary or required to approve any of the actions listed in Section 9.2 of this Article IX.

 

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Section 9.4 Limitation on Amendment . Notwithstanding Article VIII, Section 8.4 hereof, this Article IX may only be amended by the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of Shares of the Trust outstanding and entitled to vote, unless such amendment is unanimously recommended by the Trustees, in which case the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Trust (which voting securities shall, unless otherwise provided by the Trustees, or required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, vote together on the matter as a single class) shall be sufficient to authorize such amendment.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustees named below do hereby make and enter into this Declaration of Trust of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund as of the date first written above.

 

/s/ Ashok N. Bakhru

Ashok N. Bakhru
As Trustee and not individually

/s/ John P. Coblentz, Jr

John P. Coblentz, Jr.
As Trustee and not individually

/s/ James A. McNamara

James A. McNamara
As Trustee and not individually

/s/ Richard P. Strubel

Richard P. Strubel
As Trustee and not individually

EX.99.(b)

BY-LAWS

OF

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

(a Delaware Statutory Trust)

These By-laws of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, a Delaware statutory trust, are subject to the Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated August 14, 2014, as from time to time amended, supplemented or restated (the “Declaration of Trust”). Capitalized terms used herein and not herein defined have the same meanings as in the Declaration of Trust. In the event of any inconsistency between the terms hereof and the terms of the Declaration of Trust, the terms of the Declaration of Trust control.

ARTICLE I

OFFICES AND SEAL

Section 1.1 Principal Office . The principal executive office of the Trust, and such additional offices as the Board of Trustees or the officers of the Trust may establish, shall be located in such places as the Board of Trustees or the officers may, from time to time, determine.

Section 1.2 Delaware Office . The Board of Trustees shall establish a registered office in the State of Delaware and shall appoint as the Trust’s registered agent for service of process in the State of Delaware an individual resident of the State of Delaware or a Delaware corporation or a corporation authorized to transact business in the State of Delaware; in each case the business office of such registered agent for service of process shall be identical with the registered Delaware office of the Trust.

Section 1.3 Seal . The Board of Trustees may adopt a seal for the Trust in such form and with such inscription as the Trustees determine. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile to be impressed or affixed or printed or otherwise reproduced. Any Trustee or officer of the Trust shall have authority to affix the seal of the Trust to any document requiring the same.

ARTICLE II

SHAREHOLDERS

Section 2.1 Annual Meetings . The Trust shall hold annual meetings of Shareholders to the extent required by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, or the exchange on which Shares are listed. Annual meetings of Shareholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Trust or as otherwise determined by the Board of Trustees. In the event that such a meeting is not held in any annual period if so required, whether the omission be by oversight or otherwise, a subsequent special meeting may be called by the Trustees and held in lieu of such meeting with the same effect as if held within such annual period.

Section 2.2 Advance Notice of Shareholder Nominations for Trustee and Other Shareholder Proposals .

(a) Shareholder Nominations for Trustee and Other Shareholder Proposals for Annual Meetings of Shareholders.


(i) Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Trustees and the proposal of other business to be considered by the Shareholders may be made at an annual meeting of Shareholders only (1) pursuant to the Trust’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (2) by or at the direction of the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof or (3) by any Shareholder of the Trust who was a Shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice by the Shareholder as provided for in this Section 2.2(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of any individual so nominated or on any such other business and who has complied with this Section 2.2(a). If the Shareholder ceases to be a holder of record of Shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such meeting on the nomination or proposal for which the Shareholder has provided notice prior to such meeting, the Shareholder’s proposal shall automatically be withdrawn from consideration at the meeting.

(ii) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting of Shareholders by a Shareholder pursuant to clause (3) of subsection (a)(i) of this Section 2.2, the Shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Trust and such other proposed business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the Shareholders. To be timely, a Shareholder’s notice shall set forth all information required under Section 2.2(b) and shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Trust not earlier than the 150 th day or later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the 120 th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the Shareholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 150 th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120 th day prior to the date of such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Shareholder’s notice as described above.

(b) Content of Advance Notice of Shareholder Nominations for Trustee and Other Shareholder Proposals.

(i) Such Shareholder’s notice shall set forth the following information:

(1) as to each individual whom the Shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a Trustee (each, a “Proposed Nominee”), (A) the name, age, date of birth, business address, residence address and nationality of each such Proposed Nominee, (B) whether such Shareholder believes the Proposed Nominee is, or is not, an “interested person” of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act), and, if not an “interested person”, information regarding the Proposed Nominee that will be sufficient for the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Trust to make such determination in the sole discretion of such Board, committee or authorized officer, (C) sufficient information to enable the Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Trustees, or any other Committee of the Board as determined by the Trustees from time to time, to make the determination as to the Proposed Nominee’s qualifications required, and (D) the Proposed Nominee’s written, signed and notarized statement confirming the Proposed Nominee’s consent to being named in the proxy statement and intention to serve as a Trustee, if elected;

 

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(2) as to any business other than the nomination of an individual for election or reelection as a Trustee that the Shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of the nature of the proposed matter to be considered by Shareholders stated with reasonable particularity, including the exact text of any proposal to be presented for adoption, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting of Shareholders, a brief written statement of the reasons why the proposal is in the best interest of the Shareholders and any material interest in such business of such Shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made;

(3) as to the Shareholder giving the notice, any Proposed Nominee and any Shareholder Associated Person (as defined in Section 2.4):

a. the class, series and number of any Shares of the Trust that are owned (beneficially or of record) by such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person, the date on which such Shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition and an explicit description of each Derivative Instrument (as defined in Section 2.4) which such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person has entered into or is a party to or beneficiary of and the number, class and series to which such Derivative Instrument relates,

b. the nominee holder for, and number of, any Shares and the nominee holder for each Derivative Instrument owned beneficially but not of record by such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person and evidence establishing such beneficial owner’s indirect ownership of, and, if applicable, entitlement to vote, such Shares or Derivative Instrument,

c. whether and the extent to which such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person, directly or indirectly (through brokers, nominees or otherwise), is subject to or during the last six months has engaged in any hedging, derivative or other transaction or series of transactions or entered into any other agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short interest, long position, any borrowing or lending of securities or any proxy or voting agreement), the effect or intent of which is to (1) manage risk or benefit from changes in the price of (x) Shares of the Trust or (y) any combination of securities owned by the Trust that represent more than 30% of the value of the Trust’s assets, as reported in the most recent schedule of investments filed by the Trust with the Commission or as the Trust otherwise makes publicly available (“Portfolio Securities”), for such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person or (2) increase or decrease the voting power of such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person in the Trust or any affiliate thereof (or, as applicable, in any issuer of any Portfolio Securities) disproportionately to such person’s economic interest in Shares of the Trust (or, as applicable, the Portfolio Securities), and, if applicable, the number, class and series of Shares (or, as applicable, Portfolio Securities) to which such transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding relates,

 

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d. any economic interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the Trust), of such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person, individually or in the aggregate, in the Trust, other than an interest arising from the ownership of Shares where such Shareholder, Proposed Nominee or Shareholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all Shareholders of such Shares or series or class of Shares,

e. a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination or proposal between or among (i) the Shareholder and any Shareholder Associated Person and/or (ii) the Shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee, and

f. a representation that the Shareholder is a holder of record of Shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such meeting on the nomination or proposal for which the Shareholder is providing notice, will remain such a Shareholder until such meeting, and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination.

(4) in the event that any Shareholder Associated Person has an interest or ownership referred to in clause (3) of this paragraph (i) of this Section 2.2(b), as to the Shareholder giving the notice, such Shareholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee:

a. the name and address and telephone number of such Shareholder, as they appear on the Trust’s share ledger, and the current name, business address, residence address and telephone number of such Shareholder, if different, each such Shareholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee,

b. all other information relating to such Shareholder and any such Shareholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in the solicitation of proxies for election of Trustees in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), all other information relating to any Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in the solicitation of proxies for election of the Proposed Nominee in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved) and all other documents, materials or information relating to such Shareholder, each such Shareholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee that would otherwise be required in connection with any such solicitation, in each case, pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, and

c. the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such Shareholder and each such Shareholder Associated Person that is not an individual and a copy of the most recent prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in such Shareholder and each such Shareholder Associated Person.

 

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(5) to the extent known by the Shareholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other Shareholder supporting any Proposed Nominee or any other proposal of business on the date of such Shareholder’s notice; and

(6) a representation whether the Shareholder or the Shareholder Associated Person, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (a) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Trust’s outstanding Shares required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee and/or (b) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from Shareholders in support of such proposal or nomination.

(ii) In addition to the information expressly required to be provided in a written notice pursuant to Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) of these By-Laws, the Shareholder shall also provide such other information as the Board of Trustees may reasonably request in order to assess whether the matter is a proper matter for Shareholder consideration and determine a position with respect to such proposal. Furthermore, with respect to the requirements of this Section 2.2(b), the Board of Trustees may require any individual proposed for nomination to the Board of Trustees to furnish such other information as the Board of Trustees may reasonably require or deem necessary to determine the eligibility of such individual to serve as a Trustee. The foregoing notice requirements of Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) shall be deemed satisfied by a Shareholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the Shareholder has notified the Trust of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and such Shareholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Trust to solicit proxies for such annual meeting.

Section 2.3 Special Meetings . Special meetings of Shareholders shall be held only (i) as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law; or (ii) as otherwise determined by the Trustees, in their sole discretion. Special meetings of Shareholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Trust or as otherwise determined by the Board of Trustees. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of Shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Trust’s notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Trustees may be made at a special meeting of Shareholders pursuant to the Trust’s notice of meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof, or (ii) in the event that the Trustees have determined to hold a special meeting for the election of Trustees, by any Shareholder of the Trust who is a Shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for this Section 2.3 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of any individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.3. For nominations of individuals for election as a Trustee to be properly brought before a special meeting, the nominating Shareholder must provide notice containing the information required by subsection (b) of Section 2.2, which shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Trust not earlier than the 150 th day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120 th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Shareholder’s notice as described above.

 

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Section 2.4 General . If information submitted pursuant to Section 2.2(b) by any Shareholder proposing a nominee for election as a Trustee or any proposal for any other business at any meeting of Shareholders shall be inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with Section 2.2(b). Any such Shareholder shall notify the Trust of any inaccuracy or change (within two business days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such information. Upon written request by the Secretary or the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof, any Shareholder proposing a nominee for election as a Trustee or any proposal for other business at a meeting of Shareholders shall provide, within five business days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification, satisfactory, in the sole discretion of the Board of Trustees or any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Trust, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the Shareholder pursuant to Section 2.2(b) and (B) a written update of any information submitted by the Shareholder pursuant to Section 2.2(b) as of an earlier date. If a Shareholder fails to provide such written verification or written update within such period, the information as to which written verification or a written update was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with Section 2.2(b).

Except as otherwise expressly provided in any applicable rule or regulation promulgated under the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act and any rules and regulations thereunder, only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with Section 2.2 and 2.3 shall be eligible for election as Trustees, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of Shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.3. Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (a) to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.4 (including whether the Shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such Shareholder’s nominee or proposal in compliance with such Shareholder’s representation as required by clause (b)(i)(4) of Section 2.2) and (b) if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with Section 2.2, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.4, unless otherwise required by law, if the Shareholder (or a qualified representative of the Shareholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of Shareholders of the Trust to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Trust. For purposes of this Section 2.4, to be considered a qualified representative of the Shareholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such Shareholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such Shareholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such Shareholder to act for such Shareholder as proxy at the meeting of Shareholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of Shareholders.

For purposes of Sections 2.2 and 2.3, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure (i) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable news service, (ii) or a Web site accessible to the public maintained by the Trust or its investment adviser or investment manager, or (iii) in a document publicly filed by the Trust with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act or the 1940 Act.

 

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For purposes of Section 2.2 and 2.4, “Shareholder Associated Person” of any Shareholder shall mean (1) any person acting in concert with such Shareholder, (2) any beneficial owner of Shares of the Trust owned of record or beneficially by such Shareholder (as defined in Rule 16a-1(a)(1), without reference to the proviso therein, Rule 16a-1(a)(2), Rule 16a-2 or any successor provisions, under the Exchange Act) other than a Shareholder that is a depositary, and (3) any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Shareholder.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2, a Shareholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act and any rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2; provided however, that any references in these By-Laws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this Section 2 (including Sections 2.2(a)(i)(3) and 2.3 hereof), and compliance with Sections 2.2(a)(i)(3) and 2.3 shall be the exclusive means for a Shareholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than, as provided in the last sentence of Section 2.2(b)(ii)), business other than nominations brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time).

Nothing in this Section 2 shall be deemed to affect any right of a Shareholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, nor the right of the Trust to omit a proposal from, the Trust’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act. Rule 14a-8 shall govern exclusively the Trust’s obligation to include a Shareholder proposal in the Trust’s proxy statement. Nothing in this Section 2 shall require disclosure of revocable proxies received by the Shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person pursuant to a solicitation of proxies after the filing by a Shareholder of an effective Schedule 14A under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act.

“Derivative Instrument” shall mean any swap, short interest, option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to the price of Shares of the Trust or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of Shares of the Trust (including any value derived in whole or in part from any decrease in the price of Shares of the Trust), whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in Shares of the Trust or otherwise.

Section 2.5 Notice of Meetings . The Board of Trustees, the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary or at the direction of the Trustees any other officer or authorized person shall call a meeting of Shareholders of the Trust by giving written notice of the place, date and hour, and general nature of the business to be transacted at that meeting not less than ten (10) days (or such other number of days as the Board of Trustees shall determine in its sole discretion) and not more than one hundred twenty (120) days before the date of the meeting, to each Shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be (i) given either by hand delivery, overnight courier, telegram, facsimile, telex, telecopier, electronic mail or other electronic means or by mail, postage prepaid, and (ii) given or addressed to the Shareholder at the address, facsimile number, e-mail address or other contact information of that Shareholder appearing on the books of the Trust or its transfer agent. Notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally, deposited in the mail or with an overnight courier or sent by telegram, facsimile, telex, telecopier, electronic mail or other means of communication. No notice of any meeting need be given to any Shareholder who attends such meeting in person or to any Shareholder

 

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who waives notice of such meeting (which waiver shall be filed with the records of such meeting), whether before or after the time of the meeting. In the absence of fraud, any irregularities in the notice of any meeting or the nonreceipt of any such notice by any of the Shareholders shall not invalidate any action otherwise properly taken at any such meeting.

Section 2.6 Postponement and Adjournment . Prior to the date upon which any meeting of Shareholders is to be held, the Board of Trustees may postpone such meeting one or more times for any reason by giving, within a reasonable period of time prior to such meeting, notice to each Shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting so postponed of the place, date and hour at which such meeting will be held. Such notice shall be given not fewer than two (2) days before the date of such meeting and otherwise in accordance with Section 2.5. Any Shareholders’ meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned by the chairman of the meeting or a vote of the Shareholders in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws. No notice of adjournment of a meeting to another time or place need be given to Shareholders. Any adjourned meeting may be held at such time and place as determined by the Board of Trustees or by the chairman of the meeting or the officers of the Trust or other authorized persons pursuant to delegated authority form the Board of Trustees in the sole discretion of such Board of Trustees, chairman, officers or authorized persons and announced at the meeting. Any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting may be transacted at any adjourned meeting. If, after a postponement or adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the postponed or adjourned meeting, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary shall give notice of the postponed or adjourned meeting to Shareholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If a quorum is present with respect to any one or more proposals, the chairman of the meeting may, but shall not be required to, cause a vote to be taken with respect to any such proposal or proposals which vote can be certified as final and effective notwithstanding the adjournment of the meeting with respect to any other proposal or proposals.

Section 2.7 Voting – Proxies . At all meetings of the Shareholders, every Shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat shall be entitled to vote either in person or by proxy, which term shall include proxies provided by such Shareholder, or his or her duly authorized attorney, through written, electronic, telephonic, computerized, facsimile, telecommunications, telex or by any other form of communication, each pursuant to such voting procedures and through such systems as are authorized by the Board of Trustees or any officer of the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a proposal is submitted to a vote of the Shareholders of any series or class by anyone other than the officers or Trustees, or if there is a proxy contest or proxy solicitation or proposal in opposition to any proposal by the officers or Trustees, Shares may be voted only in person or by written proxy. Proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or one or more officers of the Trust.

Unless the proxy provides otherwise, it shall not be valid for more than eleven (11) months from the date of the proxy. All proxies shall be delivered to the Secretary or other person responsible for recording the proceedings before being voted. A valid proxy which does not state that it is irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (i) revoked by the person executing it before the vote pursuant to that proxy is taken (a) by a writing delivered to the Trust stating that the proxy is revoked, (b) by a subsequent proxy executed by such person, (c) attendance at the meeting and voting in person by the person executing that proxy, or (d) revocation by such person using any electronic, telephonic, computerized or other alternative means authorized by the Trustees for authorizing the proxy to act; or (ii) written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received by the Trust before the vote pursuant to that proxy is counted. Unless revoked, any proxy given in connection with a postponed or adjourned meeting for which a new record date is fixed shall continue to be valid so long as the Shareholder giving such proxy is a Shareholder of record on such new such record date.

 

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A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by one of them unless at or prior to exercise of such proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them in which case such proxy shall not be valid and no vote shall be received in respect of such Shares unless all persons holding such Shares shall agree on their manner of voting. Unless otherwise specifically limited by their terms, proxies shall entitle the Shareholder to vote at any adjournment of a Shareholders’ meeting.

Section 2.8 Concerning Validity of Proxies, Ballots, Etc . At every meeting of the Shareholders, all proxies shall be received and taken in charge of and all ballots shall be received and canvassed by the secretary of the meeting, who shall decide all questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless inspectors of election shall have been appointed as provided below in this section, in which event such inspectors of election shall decide all such questions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any election for Trustees must be by ballot if demanded by any Shareholder before the voting has begun.

A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. Subject to the provisions of the Delaware Act, the Declaration of Trust, or these By-laws, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware relating to proxies, and judicial interpretations thereunder, shall govern all matters concerning the giving, voting or validity of proxies, as if the Trust were a Delaware corporation and the Shareholders were stockholders of a Delaware corporation.

At any election of Trustees, the Board of Trustees prior thereto may, or, if they have not so acted, the chairman of the meeting may, appoint one or more inspectors of election who shall first subscribe an oath or affirmation to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such election with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability, and shall after the election make a certificate of the result of the vote taken. No candidate for the office of Trustee shall be appointed as an inspector.

The chairman of the meeting may cause a vote by ballot to be taken upon any election or matter.

Section 2.9 Organization . At every meeting of Shareholders, the Chairman of the Board or, in his or her absence, the President or, in his or her absence, a Vice President or, in the absence of any of the foregoing officers, any other officer of the Trust, shall act as chairman of the meeting. At every meeting of Shareholders, the Secretary or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of either of the foregoing officers, a secretary of the meeting chosen by the chairman shall act as secretary.

Subject to these By-laws, the Board of Trustees of the Trust shall be entitled to make such rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of Shareholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient, and, subject to these By-laws and such rules and regulations of the Board of Trustees, if any, the chairman of any meeting of the Shareholders shall determine the order of business and the procedures for conduct of business at the meeting, including regulation of the manner of voting, the conduct of discussion, the appointment of inspectors, the adjournment of the meeting, and the determination of all questions relating to the qualifications of voters, the validity of proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes.

 

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Section 2.10 Record Date . The Trustees may from time to time fix in advance a date of any Shareholders’ meeting or the date for the payment of any dividends or other distributions, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of Shares shall go into effect as a record date for the determination of the Shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting, or entitled to receive payment of such dividend or other distribution, or to receive any such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of Shares. In addition, the Trustees may from time to time close the transfer books for such period, not exceeding thirty (30) days, as the Trustees may determine, in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust.

Unless otherwise required by law, the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws, the Trustees are not required to fix a new record date for an adjourned meeting. Without fixing a record date for a meeting, the Trustees may for voting and notice purposes close the register or transfer books for any class or series of Shares for all or any part of the period between the earliest date on which a record date for such meeting could be set in accordance herewith and the date of such meeting. If the Trustees do not so fix a record date or close the register or transfer books of the affected Shares, the record date for determining Shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of Shareholders shall be 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

Section 2.11 Voting Power . Notwithstanding any other provision of these By-laws, on any matters submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted in aggregate, except: (a) for the election of or removal of Trustees to the extent and as provided in the Declaration of Trust; (b) when required by the 1940 Act, Shares shall be voted by individual series or class; and (c) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more series, then only Shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon.

As determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of Shareholders, on any matter submitted to a vote of Shareholders, each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy or in any manner provided for in these By-Laws. Until Shares of a series or class thereof are issued, as to that series or class the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any action required or permitted to be taken by Shareholders by law, the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws.

On any matter other than election of Trustees, any Shareholder may vote part of the Shares in favor of the proposal and refrain from voting the remaining Shares or vote them against the proposal, but if the Shareholder fails to specify the number of Shares which the Shareholder is voting affirmatively, it will be conclusively presumed that the Shareholder’s approving vote is with respect to all of the Shares that such Shareholder is entitled to vote on such proposal.

Section 2.12 Quorum; Required Vote . Except when a larger quorum is required by federal law, including the 1940 Act, the presence in person or by proxy of Shareholders owning Shares representing a majority or more of the total combined votes of all Shares of each series or class, or

 

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of the Trust, as applicable, entitled to vote shall be a quorum for the transaction of business at a Shareholders’ meeting with respect to such series or class or with respect to the entire Trust, respectively. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments. Unless a different vote is required by statute, including the 1940 Act, or by the Declaration of Trust, at all meetings of the Shareholders, a quorum being present, all matters, including the election of Trustees, shall be decided by a majority of the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon present in person or by proxy; provided, that if the Declaration of Trust, these By-laws or applicable federal law permits or requires that Shares be voted on any matter by individual series or classes, then a majority of the Shares of such series or class outstanding and entitled to vote present in person or by proxy shall decide that matter insofar as that series or class is concerned.

Section 2.13 Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes . Abstentions and broker non-votes will be included for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at a Shareholders’ meeting. Abstentions will be treated as Shares that are present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining the number of Shares that are present and entitled to vote with respect to any particular proposal, but will not be treated as a vote cast in favor of such proposal. Broker non-votes will be treated as Shares that are present for purposes of determining the number of Shares that are present with respect to any particular proposal, but will not be treated as Shares entitled to vote for such proposal or as votes cast in favor of such proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes, therefore, will have no effect on proposals that require a plurality or majority of votes cast for approval, but will have the same effect as a vote “against” on proposals requiring a majority or other specified percentage of outstanding voting securities for approval. With respect to matters to be decided by a majority of the Shares outstanding, entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at the meeting, broker non-votes will have no effect on such matters, but abstentions with have the same effect as a vote “against.”

Section 2.14 Application of this Article . Meetings of Shareholders shall consist of Shareholders of any series or class thereof or of all Shareholders and this Article shall be construed accordingly.

ARTICLE III

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Section 3.1 Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Trustees shall be at such time and place as shall be fixed by the Trustees. Such regular meetings may be held without notice.

Section 3.2 Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Trustees or any committee for any purpose or purposes shall be held whenever and wherever ordered by the Chairman of the Board, the President or by any one of the Trustees.

Section 3.3 Meetings by Telephone; Proxies . Subject to any applicable requirements of federal law, including the 1940 Act, (i) any meeting, regular or special, of the Board of Trustees (or any committee) may be held by conference telephone or similar communications equipment, by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting and (ii) at all meetings of the Trustees, every Trustee shall be entitled to vote by proxy, provided that such proxy shall, before or after such meeting, be delivered to the Secretary or other person responsible for recording the proceedings of such meeting. To the extent permitted by federal law, including the 1940 Act, a Trustee may provide any proxy through written, electronic, telephonic, computerized, facsimile, telecommunications, telex or by any other form of communication.

 

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Section 3.4 Notice . Subject to any applicable requirements of federal law, including the 1940 Act and except as otherwise provided, notice of any regular meetings need not be given. Special meetings shall be held whenever called by the President, the Chairman of the Board or by any one of the Trustees, at the time being in office. Notice of special meetings shall be given by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary to each Trustee or by the officer or Trustee calling the meeting, by telephone, cable, wireless, facsimile, e-mail or other electronic mechanism to each Trustee at his or her business address (or such other location designated by the Trustee to an officer of the Trust), or personally delivered to him at least one day before the meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, notice may be given by any such electronic mechanism or by personal delivery at any time before the meeting, provided that (a) the Trustee or officer calling the meeting shall have made a good faith determination that the subject of the meeting is sufficiently urgent to require expedited notice; (b) such determination shall be ratified by the unanimous vote of the Trustees participating in the meeting; and (c) each Trustee is afforded the opportunity to participate in such meeting by conference telephone or similar communications equipment as provided in Section 3.3.

Section 3.5 Waiver of Notice . No notice of any meeting need be given to any Trustee who attends such meeting in person or to any Trustee who waives notice of such meeting in writing (which waiver shall be filed with the records of such meeting), whether before or after the time of the meeting. Any written consent or waiver may be provided and delivered to the Trust by mail, overnight courier, telegram, facsimile, telex, telecopier, electronic mail or other electronic means. A notice or waiver of notice need not specify the purpose of any meeting.

Section 3.6 Quorum and Voting . At all meetings of the Board of Trustees the presence of a majority or more of the number of Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Trustees present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum shall be present. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall act by the requisite vote at a meeting duly called (including a meeting by telephonic or other electronic means) at which a quorum is present of a majority of the Trustees without a meeting.

Section 3.7 Action Without a Meeting . Except as otherwise provided under federal law, including the 1940 Act, or the Declaration of Trust, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Trustees may be taken without a meeting if written consents thereto are signed by a majority of the Trustees. Except as otherwise provided under federal law, including the 1940 Act, any such written consent may be given by telegram, facsimile, telex, telecopier, electronic mail or similar electronic means. Copies of such written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Trustees. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of the Trustees. If any action is so taken by the Trustees by the written consent of less than all of the Trustees, prompt notice of the taking of such action shall be furnished to each Trustee who did not execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.

Section 3.8 Powers and Duties of the Chairman . The Trustees may, but need not, appoint from among their number a Chairman of the Board. When present he or she may preside at the meetings of the Shareholders and of the Trustees. He or she may call meetings of the Trustees and of any committee thereof whenever he or she deems it necessary.

 

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ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

Section 4.1 Establishment . The Board of Trustees may designate one or more committees of the Trustees. The Trustees shall determine the number of members of each committee and its powers and shall appoint its members. Each such committee shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to it from time to time by the Board of Trustees, but shall not exercise any power that under federal law, including the 1940 Act, may lawfully be exercised only by the Board of Trustees.

Section 4.2 Proceedings, Quorum and Manner of Acting . In the absence of an appropriate resolution of the Board of Trustees, any committee may adopt such rules and regulations governing its proceedings, quorum and manner of acting as it shall deem proper and desirable. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint a member of the Board of Trustees to act in the place of such absent member in accordance with applicable law.

ARTICLE V

TRUST OFFICERS

Section 5.1 General . The officers of the Trust shall include a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, a Chief Compliance Officer and a Principal Financial Officer. The Trustees may elect such other officers or agents as the business of the Trust may require, including, without limitation, one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, and one or more Assistant Treasurers. No such officer need be a Trustee or a Shareholder. The Trustees may delegate to any officer or committee the power to appoint any subordinate officers or agents. Officers of the Trust shall have the power to grant, issue, execute, or sign such powers of attorney, proxies, certifications or other documents as may be deemed advisable or necessary in furtherance of the interests of the Trust or any series thereof.

Section 5.2 Election, Term of Office and Qualifications . The Trustees shall elect the officers of the Trust. Each officer elected by the Trustees shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, inability to serve, removal or resignation. Any person may hold one or more offices of the Trust except that the President may not hold the office of Vice President, the Secretary may not hold the office of Assistant Secretary, and the Treasurer may not hold the office of Assistant Treasurer; provided further that a person who holds more than one office may not act in more than one capacity to execute, acknowledge or verify an instrument required by law to be executed, verified or acknowledged by more than one officer.

Section 5.3 Resignation . Any officer may resign his or her office at any time by delivering a written resignation to the Board of Trustees, the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Secretary, or any Assistant Secretary. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Trust under any contract to which the officer is a party.

Section 5.4 Removal . Any officer may be removed from office with or without cause by the Board of Trustees. In addition, any officer or agent hereof may be removed, either with or without cause, by any officer upon whom such power of removal shall have been conferred by the Board of Trustees.

 

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Section 5.5 Vacancies and Newly Created Offices . Whenever a vacancy shall occur in any office or if any new office is created, the Trustees may fill such vacancy or new office.

ARTICLE VI

EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS

Section 6.1 General . All deeds, documents, transfers, contracts, agreements and other instruments requiring execution by the Trust shall be signed by the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary, or as the Board of Trustees may otherwise, from time to time, authorize. Any such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances.

ARTICLE VII

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 7.1 Notices . Any and all notices to which any Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all communications shall be deemed duly served or given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his last known address as recorded on the applicable register of the Trust.

Section 7.2 Waiver of Notice . Whenever any notice is permitted or required to be given by these By-laws or the Declaration of Trust or the laws of the State of Delaware, a waiver thereof provided or delivered to the Trust by mail, overnight courier, telegram, facsimile, telex, telecopier, electronic mail or other electronic means by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time such notice was to be given, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.

Section 7.3 Writings . Notwithstanding any provision in the Declaration of Trust to the contrary, any notice, proxy, vote, consent, instrument or writing of any kind or any signature referenced in, or contemplated by, the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws may, in the sole discretion of the Trustees, be given, granted or otherwise delivered by electronic transmission (within the meaning of the Delaware Act), including via the internet, or in any other manner permitted by applicable law.

ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENTS

These By-laws may only be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees and 75% of the Continuing Trustees, and no Shareholder vote shall be required for any such amendment.

Adopted as of August 14, 2014

 

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EX.99.(e)

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

FORM OF DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

Introduction

Under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”) for Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”), dividends and/or distributions to a holder of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest (each, a “Common Share” and, collectively “Common Shares”) will automatically be reinvested in additional Common Shares of the Fund. Each registered shareholder may elect to have dividends and distributions distributed in cash ( i.e. , “opt-out”) rather than participate in the Plan. For any registered shareholder that does not so elect (each, a “Participant” and collectively, “Participants”), dividends and/or distributions on such shareholder’s Common Shares will be reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Plan Agent”), as agent for shareholders in administering the Plan, in additional Common Shares, as set forth below. Participation in the Plan is completely voluntary, and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by Internet, telephone or notice if received and processed by the Plan Agent prior to the dividend record rate; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Participants who hold their Common Shares through a broker or other nominee and who wish to elect to receive any dividends and distributions in cash must contact their broker or nominee.

Plan Details

 

  1. The Plan Agent will open an account for each holder of Common Shares under the Plan in the same name in which such holder of Common Shares is registered. Whenever the Fund declares a dividend or other distribution (together, a “Dividend”) payable in cash, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and Participants will receive the equivalent in Common Shares. The Common Shares will be acquired by the Plan Agent for the Participants’ accounts, depending upon the circumstances described below, either through (i) receipt of additional unissued but authorized Common Shares from the Fund (“Newly Issued Common Shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding Common Shares on the open market (“Open-Market Purchases”) on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere.

 

  2. If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the net asset value (“NAV”) per Common Share is equal to or less than the closing market price plus estimated per share fees (which include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay) (such condition often referred to as a “premium”), the Plan Agent will invest the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares on behalf of the Participants. The number of Newly Issued Common Shares to be credited to each Participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the Dividend by the NAV per Common Share on the payment date; provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the closing market value on the payment date, the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the closing market price per Common Share on the payment date. If, on the payment date for any Dividend, the NAV per Common Share is greater than the closing market price per share plus per share fees (such condition referred to as a “market discount”), the Plan Agent will invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired on behalf of the Participants in Open-Market Purchases.

In the event of a market discount on the payment date for any Dividend, the Plan Agent (or Plan Agent’s broker) will have until the last business day before the next date on which the Common Shares trade on an “ex-dividend” basis or 30 days after the payment date for such Dividend,


whichever is sooner (the “Last Purchase Date”), to invest the Dividend amount in Common Shares acquired in Open-Market Purchases. Open-market purchases may be made on any securities exchange where Common Shares are traded, in the over-the-counter market or in negotiated transactions, and may be on such terms as to price, delivery and otherwise as the Plan Agent shall determine. It is contemplated that the Fund will pay quarterly Dividends. If, before the Plan Agent has completed its Open-Market Purchases, the market price per Common Share exceeds the NAV per Common Share, the average per Common Share purchase price paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the NAV of the Common Shares, resulting in the acquisition of fewer Common Shares than if the Dividend had been paid in Newly Issued Common Shares on the Dividend payment date. Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to Open-Market Purchases, the Plan provides that if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full Dividend amount in Open-Market Purchases during the purchase period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Plan Agent may cease making Open-Market Purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the Dividend amount in Newly Issued Common Shares at the NAV per Common Share at the close of business on the Last Purchase Date provided that, if the NAV is less than or equal to 95% of the then current market price per Common Share; the dollar amount of the Dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price on the payment date.

 

  3. The Plan Agent maintains all Participants’ accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Participants for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Participant will be held by the Plan Agent on behalf of the Participant in book entry form in the Plan Agent’s name or the Plan Agent’s nominee. Each shareholder proxy will include those Common Shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan. The Plan Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to Participants and vote proxies for Common Shares held under the Plan in accordance with the instructions of the Participants.

 

  4. In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record shareholder and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Plan.

 

  5. Any stock dividends or split of Common Shares distributed by the Fund on Common Shares held by the Plan Agent for Participants will be credited to their accounts. In the event that the Fund makes available to its stockholders rights to purchase additional Common Shares or other securities, the Common Shares held for each Participant under the Plan will be added to other Common Shares held by the Participant in calculating the number of rights to be issued to each Participant.

 

  6. The Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends and distributions will be paid by the Fund. However, each Participant will pay a per Common Share (currently $0.05) fee incurred in connection with Open Market Purchases. The automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve Participants of any Federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividend. If a Participant elects by telephone, Internet or written notice to the Plan Agent to have the Plan Agent sell all or a part of his or her Common Shares and remit the proceeds to the Participant, the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct a $15 sales fee per trade and a per share brokerage commission of $0.12 from such proceeds. All per Common Share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Plan Agent is required to pay.


  7. If a Participant elects by telephone, Internet or written notice to the Plan Agent to have the Plan Agent sell all or a part of his or her Common Shares and remit the proceeds to the Participant, the Plan Agent will process all sale instructions received no later than five (5) business days after the date on which the order is received. Such sale will be made through the Plan Agent’s broker on the relevant market and the sale price will not be determined until such time as the broker completes the sale. In each case, the price to each Participant shall be the weighted average sale price obtained by the Plan Agent’s broker net of fees for each aggregate order placed by the Plan Agent and executed by the broker. To maximize cost savings, the Plan Agent will seek to sell Common Shares in round lot transactions. For this purpose the Plan Agent may combine a Participant’s Common Shares with those of other selling Participants.

 

  8. Each Participant may terminate his or her account under the Plan by so notifying the Plan Agent by telephone, through the Internet or in writing prior to the dividend record date. Such termination will be effective immediately if received by the Plan Agent prior to any dividend or distribution record date; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Upon any withdrawal or termination, the Plan Agent will cause to be delivered to each terminating Participant a statement of holdings for the appropriate number of the Fund’s whole book-entry Common Shares and a check for the cash adjustment of any fractional share at the market value per Common Share as of the close of business on the day the termination is effective less any applicable fee.

 

  9. The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan upon notice in writing to each Participant at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the Fund. There is no direct service charge to Participants with regard to purchases in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the Participants. Notice will be sent to Participants of any amendments as soon as practicable after such action by the Fund.

 

  10. All correspondence from a registered owner of Common Shares concerning the Dividend Reinvestment Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent at Computershare Trust Company, N.A, P.O. Box 30170, College Station, TX 77842-3170, with overnight correspondence being directed to the Plan Agent at Computershare Trust Company, N.A, 211 Quality Circle, Suite 210, College Station, TX 77845; by calling 855-807-2742; or through the Plan Agent’s website at www.computershare.com/investor . Participants who hold their Common Shares through a broker or other nominee should direct correspondence or questions concerning the Dividend Reinvestment Plan to their broker or nominee.

EX.99.(g)

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

, 2014

FORM OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

Dear Sirs:

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”) is organized as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware to engage in the business of an investment company. The Fund has selected you to act as its investment adviser and to provide certain services, as more fully set forth below, and you are willing to act as such investment adviser and administrator and to perform such services under the terms and conditions set forth in this Management Agreement (this “Agreement”). The Fund agrees with you as follows:

1. Name of Fund . You hereby grant to the Fund, without a fee, a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited right to use the name “Goldman Sachs.” The Fund acknowledges your and/or your affiliates’ exclusive right, title, and interest in and to the name “Goldman Sachs” and to the associated trademarks and service marks, and will not, at any time, do or cause to be done any act or thing contesting or in any way impairing or tending to impair any part of such rights, titles, and interests. The Fund acknowledges that the sole right granted to the Fund under this Agreement is to use the name “Goldman Sachs,” and covenants and agrees not to use the name “Goldman Sachs” for any other purpose whatsoever. The Fund may exercise the non-exclusive, non-transferable limited right to use the name “Goldman Sachs” granted to the Fund in this Paragraph only for so long as this Agreement or any extension, renewal or amendment hereof remains in effect. Upon the termination of this Agreement, the Fund (to the extent that it lawfully can) will cease to use the name “Goldman Sachs.”

2. Sub-Advisers . You may engage one or more investment advisers which are either registered as such or specifically exempt from registration under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, to act as sub-advisers to provide to the Fund certain services set forth in Paragraphs 3 and 6 hereof, all as shall be set forth in a written contract which shall be subject to approval in the manner required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

3. Management Services .

(a) Subject to the general supervision of the Trustees, you will regularly provide the Fund with investment research, advice and supervision and will furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund. You will determine from time to time in your discretion what securities, cash and other financial instruments shall be purchased, retained or sold by the Fund within the parameters of the provisions of this Agreement,


all applicable laws, rules and regulations and the Fund’s registration statement on Form N-2 under the 1940 Act as amended from time to time, or any successor form thereto (the “Registration Statement”).

(b) Your authority hereunder shall include the power to buy, sell, and hold such securities and other instruments on behalf of the Fund, and to open accounts and execute trading agreements and any other customary documents and representation letters on behalf of the Fund as you deem appropriate within the parameters of Section 3(a) and the conditions of this Agreement.

(c) You are hereby appointed the Fund’s agent and attorney-in-fact to exercise in your discretion all rights and perform all duties which may be exercisable in relation to any assets of the Fund, including without limitation the right to vote (or in your discretion, refrain from voting), tender, exchange, endorse, transfer, or deliver any securities on behalf of the Fund, to participate in or consent to any class action, distribution, plan of reorganization, creditors committee, merger, combination, consolidation, liquidation, underwriting, or similar plan with reference to such securities; and to execute and bind the Fund in waivers, consents and covenants related thereto.

(d) You shall discharge your responsibilities hereunder in compliance with (i) the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”) and the rules and regulations adopted under each from time to time; (ii) the requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies (as defined in the Code); (iii) the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (“CEA”), and the rules and regulations adopted thereunder from time to time; (iv) all other applicable federal and state laws and regulations, including without limitation, the rules of any self-regulatory organization; (v) the Fund’s Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, as each may be amended from time to time; (vi) the objectives, policies and limitations for the Fund set forth in Registration Statement; and (vii) such guidelines, policies and procedures adopted by the Trustees with respect to the Fund or to your activities under this Agreement and provided to you in writing. You shall maintain compliance procedures and operational processes for the Fund to ensure the Fund’s compliance with the foregoing, and that you reasonably believe are adequate to ensure your compliance with applicable law.

(e) Subject to the general supervision of the Trustees, you will provide certain administrative services to the Fund. You will, to the extent such services are not required to be performed by others pursuant to the administration agreement, the custodian agreement, the transfer agency and/or dividend disbursing agent agreement or such other agreements with service providers to the Fund that the Trustees shall have approved, (i) provide supervision of all aspects of the Fund’s operations not referred to in paragraphs (a) through (d) above; (ii) provide the Fund with personnel to perform such executive, administrative and clerical services as are reasonably necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (iii) arrange for, at the Fund’s expense, (a) the preparation for the Fund of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders and regulatory authorities, (c) the preparation and submission of the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information and all other documents

 

2


necessary to fulfill regulatory requirements and maintain registration and qualification of the Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory authorities and (d) the preparation of press releases for announcing the declaration of dividends and other material events as may be required by law; (iv) maintain all of the Fund’s records; and (v) provide the Fund with adequate office space and all necessary office equipment and services including telephone service, heat, utilities, stationery supplies and similar items.

(f) You will also provide to the Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Trustees may reasonably request. You shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, except as otherwise expressly provided or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent the Fund in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund.

(g) You will maintain all books and records with respect to the Fund’s securities and other transactions required by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act (other than those records being maintained by the Fund’s custodian or transfer agent) and preserve such records for the periods prescribed therefor by Rule 31a-2 of the 1940 Act. You agree that any records that you maintain for the Fund shall be the property of the Fund, and you further agree to surrender promptly to the Fund any such records upon the Fund’s request. You will also provide to the Trustees such periodic and special reports as the board of Trustees (“Board”) may reasonably request.

(h) You will notify the Fund of any change in those personnel involved in managing the Fund within a reasonable time after such change.

(i) Your services hereunder are not deemed exclusive and you shall be free to render similar services to others.

4. Allocation of Charges and Expenses . You will pay all costs incurred by you in connection with the performance of your duties under Paragraph 3. You will pay the compensation and expenses of all personnel of yours and will make available, without expense to the Fund, the services of such of your partners, officers and employees as may duly be elected officers or Trustees of the Fund, subject to their individual consent to serve and to any limitations imposed by law. You will not be required to pay any expenses of the Fund other than those specifically allocated to you in this Paragraph 4. In particular, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, you will not be required to pay: (i) fees and expenses incurred by the Fund in connection with membership in investment company organizations; (ii) brokers’ commissions and any other transaction-related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Fund; (iii) payment for portfolio pricing services to a pricing agent, if any; (iv) legal, auditing or accounting expenses; (v) loan commitment fees; distribution fees; interest; taxes or governmental fees; (vi) the fees and expenses of the administrator, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent of the Fund; (vii) the cost of preparing stock certificates or any other expenses, including clerical expenses of issue, sale or repurchase of Shares of the Fund, including expenses of conducting tender or repurchase offers for purposes of repurchasing Shares; (viii) the cost of fidelity, Trustees and officers and errors and omissions insurance; (ix) the expenses of and fees for registering or qualifying Shares for sale and of maintaining the

 

3


registration of the Fund and registering the Fund as a broker or a dealer; (x) if you are deemed to be a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund, the out-of-pocket costs incurred by you in connection with your preparation or revision of the Fund’s disclosure documents and periodic reports to shareholders in order to comply with the CEA and /or the rules adopted by the CFTC thereunder; (xi) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated with you; (xii) communications expenses with respect to investor services and all expenses of shareholder and Trustees meetings and of preparing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information, proxy statements, reports and notices to shareholders, the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory authorities; (xiii) the fees or disbursements of custodians of the Fund’s assets, including expenses incurred in the performance of any obligations enumerated by the Declaration of Trust or By-Laws of the Fund insofar as they govern agreements with any such custodian; (xiv) premiums for insurance for which the Fund is a named insured; (xv) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; (xvi) the fees and expenses involved in listing on any exchange where the capital stock will trade; (xvii) costs of stationery; and (xviii) website costs.

To the extent that expenses to be borne by the Fund pursuant to this Section 4 are paid by you, the Fund shall reimburse you for such expenses.

5. Compensation of the Manager .

(a) For all services to be rendered and payments made as provided in Paragraphs 3 and 4 hereof, the Fund will pay you each month a fee at an annual rate equal to 1.00% of the average daily value of the Fund’s Managed Assets, as such term is defined herein. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).

(b) In addition to the foregoing, you may from time to time agree not to impose all or a portion of your fee otherwise payable hereunder (in advance of the time such fee or portion thereof would otherwise accrue) and/or undertake to pay or reimburse the Fund for all or a portion of its expenses not otherwise required to be borne or reimbursed by you. Any such fee reduction or undertaking may be discontinued or modified by you at any time.

6. Delivery of Information .

(a) You shall report regularly on a timely basis to the Trustees and shall make appropriate persons, including portfolio managers, available for the purpose of reviewing with the Board on a regular basis at reasonable times the management of the Fund, the performance of the Fund and general conditions affecting the marketplace. You agree to render to the Trustees such other periodic and special reports, and to provide such information and assistance, on a timely basis regarding your activities under this Agreement as the Trustees may reasonably request.

 

4


(b) If required by the Commodity Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder promulgated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), you will provide the Fund with a copy of your most recent CFTC disclosure document or a written explanation of the reason why you are not required to deliver such a disclosure document.

7. Portfolio Transactions . In connection with purchases or sales of portfolio securities and other instruments, neither you nor any of your partners, officers or employees will act as a principal, except as otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act. You or your agent shall arrange for the placing of orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities and other instruments for the Fund’s account either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer (including Goldman, Sachs & Co. or an affiliate thereof), foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or other party selected by you. In the selection of such brokers or dealers (including Goldman, Sachs & Co. or an affiliate thereof) and the placing of such orders, you are directed at all times to seek for the Fund the most favorable execution possible, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the brokerage firm and the brokerage firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. Subject to applicable legal requirements, you may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to the Fund, to you and any of your other accounts. It is also understood that it may be desirable for the Fund that you have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analyses and brokerage services that are consistent with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act”), and are provided by brokers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than may result when allocating brokerage to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, subject to compliance with the safe harbor provided by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, you are authorized to consider such services provided to the Fund and other accounts over which you or any of your affiliates exercises investment discretion and to place orders for the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund with such brokers, if you determine in good faith that the amount of commissions for executing such portfolio transactions is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such brokers, subject to review by the Fund’s Trustees from time to time with respect to the extent and continuation of this practice. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful to you in connection with your services to other clients. If any occasion should arise in which you give any advice to your clients concerning the Shares of the Fund, you will act solely as investment counsel for such clients and not in any way on behalf of the Fund. You may, but are not obligated to, on occasions when you deem the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Fund as well as your other customers (including any other investment company or advisory account for which you or any of your affiliates acts as an investment adviser), aggregate, to the extent permitted by applicable laws, rules and regulations, the securities to be sold or purchased on an average price basis in order to obtain the most favorable execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by you in the manner you consider to be fair and equitable and consistent with your fiduciary obligations to the Fund and to such other customers. In addition, you are authorized to take into account the sale of shares of the Fund in allocating purchase and sale orders for portfolio securities to brokers or dealers (including brokers and dealers that are

 

5


affiliated with you), provided that you believe that the quality of the transaction and the commission is comparable to what they would be with other qualified firms.

8. Compliance .

(a) You shall provide your compliance policies and procedures pertaining to your services provided to the Fund under this Agreement to the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to permit the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to conduct review and oversight of such policies and procedures in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and shall promptly notify the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer of: (1) any material changes to your compliance policies and procedures; (2) any new policies and procedures that you adopt pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act or otherwise as they pertain to activities performed for or on behalf of the Fund; and (3) the retirement of any policies and procedures previously adopted by you pursuant to Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act or otherwise as they pertained to activities performed for or on behalf of the Fund.

(b) You have adopted a written code of ethics complying with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Section 204A of the Advisers Act and have provided the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer with a copy of the code of ethics and evidence of its adoption, and will notify the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer of any material changes to (including policies added to or deleted from) the code of ethics.

9. Limitation of Liability of Manager and Fund . You shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on your part in the performance of your duties or from reckless disregard by you of your obligations and duties under this Agreement. Any person, even though also employed by you, who may be or become an employee of and paid by the Fund shall be deemed, when acting within the scope of his position with or employment by the Fund, to be acting in such capacity solely for the Fund and not as your employee or agent.

10. Duration and Termination of this Agreement . This Agreement shall be effective as of the date set forth above (“Effective Date”), provided that it shall have been approved by the Trustees and by the shareholders of the Fund in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act and, unless sooner terminated, shall continue in effect until the second anniversary of the Effective Date, and shall continue for periods of one year thereafter, but only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement and have no financial interest in this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (b) by a vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund or of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The aforesaid requirement that continuance of this Agreement be “specifically approved at least annually” shall be construed in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. This Agreement may, on 60 days written notice to the other party, be terminated at any time without the payment of any penalty, by the Trustees, by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by you. This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. In interpreting the provisions of this Agreement, the definitions contained in Section 2(a) of the

 

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1940 Act (particularly the definitions of “interested person,” “assignment” and “majority of the outstanding voting securities”), as from time to time amended, shall be applied, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission by any rule, regulation or order and to such interpretations thereof of the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff.

11. Amendment of this Agreement . No provisions of this Agreement may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing signed by the party against which enforcement of the change, waiver, discharge or termination is sought, and no material amendment of the Agreement shall be effective until approved (a) by vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, if so required by the 1940 Act and if relief from such requirement has not been granted to, or may not otherwise be relied upon by, the Fund, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund and have no financial interest in this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such amendment. This paragraph does not apply to any agreement described in Paragraph 5(b) hereof, which shall be effective during the period you specify in a prospectus, sticker, or other document made available to current or prospective shareholders.

12. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York or any provisions herein conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.

13. Miscellaneous . The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

The name Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund is the designation of the Trustees for the time being under a Declaration of Trust dated August 14, 2014, as amended from time to time, and all persons dealing with the Fund must look solely to the property of the Fund for the enforcement of any claims as none of the Trustees, officers, agents or shareholders assumes any personal liability for obligations entered into on behalf of the Fund.

If you are in agreement with the foregoing, please sign the form of acceptance on the Fund counterpart of this letter and return such counterpart to the Fund, whereupon this letter shall become a binding contract.

 

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Yours very truly,

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

 

Attest:  

 

     By:  

 

Name:        Name:  
Title:        Title:  

The foregoing Agreement is hereby accepted as of the date thereof.

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

 

Attest:  

 

     By:  

 

Name:        Name:  
Title:        Title:  

 

8

EX.99.(h)(i)

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

[NUMBER OF FIRM SHARES] Shares

COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST (Par Value $.001 per Share)

FORM OF UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014


September [ ], 2014

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

c/o Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, an unincorporated statutory trust organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Fund”) and the Fund’s investment adviser, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Adviser”), each confirms its agreement with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“Merrill Lynch”), Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“Wells Fargo”), Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“Morgan Stanley”) and each of the other Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto (collectively, the “Underwriters,” which term shall also include any underwriter substituted as hereinafter provided in Section 10 hereof), for whom Merrill Lynch, Wells Fargo and Morgan Stanley are acting as representatives (in such capacity, the “Representative(s)”), with respect to (i) the sale by the Fund and the purchase by the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the respective numbers of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $.001 per share, of the Fund (“Common Shares”) set forth in Schedule A hereto, and (ii) with respect to the grant by the Fund to the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the option described in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any part of [NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL COMMON SHARES] additional Common Shares to cover overallotments, if any. The aforesaid [NUMBER OF INITIAL COMMON SHARES] Common Shares (the “Initial Securities”) to be purchased by the Underwriters and all or any part of the [ADDITIONAL COMMON SHARES] Common Shares subject to the option described in Section 2(b) hereof (the “Option Securities”) are herein called, collectively, the “Securities.”

The Fund understands that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of the Securities as soon as the Representative(s) deem(s) advisable after this Agreement has been executed and delivered.

The Fund has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-197328 and 811-22979) covering the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), including the related preliminary prospectus or prospectuses and a notification on Form N-8A of registration of the Fund as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act (collectively, the “Rules and Regulations”). Promptly after execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Fund will prepare and file a prospectus in accordance with the provisions of Rule 430A (“Rule 430A”) of the Rules and Regulations and paragraph (c) or (h) of Rule 497 (“Rule 497”) of the Rules and Regulations. The information included in such prospectus that was omitted from such registration statement at the time it became effective but that is deemed to be part of such registration statement at the time it became effective pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 430A is referred to as “Rule 430A Information.” The registration statement, including the exhibits thereto and schedules thereto at the time it became effective and including the Rule 430A Information is herein called the “Registration Statement.” Any registration


statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Rules and Regulations is herein referred to as the “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement,” and after such filing the term “Registration Statement” shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Each prospectus used prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and each prospectus that omitted the Rule 430A Information that was used after such effectiveness and prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, including in each case any statement of additional information incorporated therein by reference, is herein called a “preliminary prospectus.” The final prospectus in the form first filed under paragraph (c) or (h) of Rule 497 and furnished to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities, including the statement of additional information incorporated therein by reference, is herein called the “Prospectus.” For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system or any successor system (“EDGAR”).

As used in this Agreement:

“Applicable Time” means 6:00 p.m. (New York City time) on September [ ], 2014 or such other time as agreed by the Fund and Merrill Lynch.

“Rule 482 Statement” means a document that is prepared in accordance with the provisions of Rule 482 of the 1933 Act, including advertisements used in the public offering of Securities pursuant to Rule 482 under the Rules and Regulations, each of which is listed in Schedule D hereto.

“Statutory Prospectus” as of any time means the preliminary prospectus dated August [ ], 2014, and any preliminary prospectus included in the registration statement at the Applicable Time that omits the Rule 430A Information, including any document incorporated by reference therein.

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or other references of like import) shall include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by the Rules and Regulations to be a part of or included in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

SECTION 1. Representations and Warranties.

(a) Representations and Warranties by the Fund and the Adviser . The Fund and the Adviser jointly and severally represent and warrant to each Underwriter as of the date hereof, the Applicable Time, the Closing Time (as defined below), and any Date of Delivery (as defined below), and agree with each Underwriter, as follows:

(i) Registration Statement and Prospectuses . The Securities have been duly registered under the 1933 Act, pursuant to the Registration Statement. Each of the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has become effective under the 1933 Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been issued under the 1933 Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued, and no revocation of registration has been issued pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act, and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Fund or the Adviser, are contemplated. The Fund and the Adviser, as applicable, have complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.


At the respective times the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto became effective and at the Closing Time (and, if any Option Securities are purchased, at the Date of Delivery), the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the notification on Form N-8A and any amendments and supplements thereto complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations.

Each preliminary prospectus and the preliminary prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be, filed as part of the effective Registration Statement or as part of any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the 1933 Act, complied as to form when so filed in all material respects with the Rules and Regulations and each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with this offering was identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

If a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is required in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities, the Fund has complied or will comply with the requirements of Rule 111 under the 1933 Act Regulations relating to the payment of filing fees therefor.

(ii) Accurate Disclosure . Neither the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the notification on Form N-8A nor any amendment thereto, at its effective time, at the Closing Time or at any Date of Delivery, contained, contains or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, neither (A) the Statutory Prospectus nor (B) any Rule 482 Statement issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, if any, when considered together with the information included in Schedule C hereto, (collectively the “General Disclosure Package”), included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto, as of its issue date, at the Closing Date or at any Date of Delivery, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties in this subsection shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), the 462(b) Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through Merrill Lynch expressly for use therein. For purposes of this Agreement, the only information so furnished shall be [the information in the first paragraph under the heading “Underwriting–Commissions and Discounts,” the information in the second, third and fourth paragraphs under the heading “Underwriting–Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids” and the information under the heading “Underwriting–Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares”] in each case contained in the Prospectus (collectively, the “Underwriter Information”).

(iii) Independent Accountants . The accountants who certified the statement of assets and liabilities included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are independent public accountants as required by the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, the Rules and Regulations and the Public Accounting Oversight Board.


(iv) Financial Statements . The financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly the financial position of the Fund at the dates indicated; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and comply with all applicable accounting requirements under the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations. The supporting schedules, if any, included in the Registration Statement present fairly, in accordance with GAAP, the information required to be stated therein. The selected and the other financial and statistical information and data that are derived from such financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included therein.

(v) Expense Summary . The information set forth in the Statutory Prospectus, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus in the fee table contained in the section of the Statutory Prospectus, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus entitled “Fund Fees and Fund Expenses” has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Form N-2 and to the extent estimated or projected, such estimates or projections are reasonably believed to be attainable and reasonably based.

(vi) No Material Adverse Change in Business . Except as otherwise stated therein, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (A) there has been no material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Fund, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business (a “Material Adverse Effect”), (B) there have been no transactions entered into by the Fund, other than those in the ordinary course of business, which are material with respect to the Fund, and (C) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Fund on any class of its capital stock.

(vii) Good Standing of the Fund . The Fund has been duly formed, has a legal existence and is in good standing as an unincorporated statutory trust organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and has the full statutory trust power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and the Fund is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(viii) No Subsidiaries . The Fund has no subsidiaries.

(ix) Investment Company Status . The Fund is duly registered with the Commission under the 1940 Act as a closed-end non-diversified management investment company, and no order of suspension or revocation of such registration has been issued or proceedings therefor initiated or, to the knowledge of the Fund or the Adviser, threatened by the Commission. The Fund is, and at all times through the completion of the transactions contemplated hereby, will be, in compliance with the provisions of the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations, and a notification (the “Notification”) on Form N-8A of registration of the Fund as an investment company under the 1940 Act has been duly filed with the Commission. The Fund has not received any notice from the Commission pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act with respect to the Notification or the Registration Statement.


(x) Officers and Trustees . No person is serving or acting as an officer, trustee or investment adviser of the Fund except in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated under the Advisers Act (the “Advisers Act Rules and Regulations”). Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to either of them), no trustee of the Fund is (A) an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund or (B) an “affiliated person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any Underwriter.

(xi) Capitalization . The authorized, issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Fund are as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as of the date thereof under the caption “Additional Information About the Fund—Description of Shares.” All issued and outstanding common shares of beneficial interest of the Fund have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable [(except as described in the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus)] and have been offered and sold or exchanged by the Fund in compliance with all applicable laws (including, without limitation, federal and state securities laws); none of the outstanding common shares of beneficial interest of the Fund was issued in violation of the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Fund. The outstanding common shares of beneficial interest of the Fund conform to all statements relating thereto in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and such description conforms to the rights set forth in the instruments defining the same. No holder of the Securities will be subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder.

(xii) Performance of All Action Required to Consummate the Sale . The Fund, subject to the Registration Statement having been declared effective and the filing of the Prospectus under Rule 497, has taken all required action under the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) and the Rules and Regulations to make the public offering and consummate the sale of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement.

(xiii) Absence of Violations, Defaults and Conflicts . The Fund is not (A) in violation of its declaration of trust or by-laws, each as amended from time to time, (B) in default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it may be bound, or to which any of the properties or assets of the Fund is subject (collectively, “Agreements and Instruments”) except for such defaults that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect or (C) in violation of any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any arbitrator, court, governmental body, regulatory body, administrative agency or other authority, body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, assets or operations (each, a “Governmental Entity”), except for such violations that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement dated as of [ ], 2014 between the Fund and the Adviser (the “Investment Management Agreement”), the Custodian Contract dated as of [ ], 2014 between the Fund and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street Bank”) (the “Custodian Contract”), the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated as of [ ], 2014 between the Fund and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Transfer Agency and Service Agreement”), the Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement dated as of [ ], 2014 between the Fund and State Street Bank (the “Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement”), the initial subscription agreement dated as of [ ], 2014 between the Fund and Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (the “Initial Subscription Agreement”)


(collectively, the “Fund Agreements”), and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Securities and the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities as described therein under the caption “Use of Proceeds”) and compliance by the Fund with its obligations hereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary action under applicable Delaware law and do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or default or Repayment Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any properties or assets of the Fund pursuant to, the Agreements and Instruments (except for such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Repayment Events or liens, charges or encumbrances that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect), nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the agreement and declaration of trust or by-laws of the Fund, each as amended from time to time, or any law, statute, rule, regulation, ordinance, judgment, order, writ or decree of any Governmental Entity. As used herein, a “Repayment Event” means any event or condition which gives the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Fund.

(xiv) Authorization of Agreements . The Fund has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and each of the Fund Agreements; the execution and delivery of, and the performance by the Fund of its obligations under this Agreement and the Fund Agreements have been duly and validly authorized by the Fund; and this Agreement and the Fund Agreements have been duly executed and delivered by the Fund and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, constitute the valid and legally binding agreements of the Fund, enforceable against the Fund in accordance with their terms.

(xv) Approval of Investment Management Agreement . The Fund’s Board of Trustees and the Fund’s sole shareholder have approved the Investment Management Agreement in accordance with Sections 15(a) and (c) of the 1940 Act.

(xvi) Agreements’ Compliance with Law . This Agreement and each of the Fund Agreements comply in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the Rules and Regulations, the Advisers Act and the Advisers Act Rules and Regulations.

(xvii) Absence of Proceedings . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any Governmental Entity, now pending, or, to the knowledge of the Fund, threatened, against or affecting the Fund, which might reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or which might materially and adversely affect its properties or assets or the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the performance by the Fund of its obligations hereunder or under the Fund Agreements; and the aggregate of all pending legal or governmental proceedings to which the Fund is a party or of which any of its properties or assets is the subject which are not described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, including ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, could not result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xviii) Accuracy of Exhibits . There are no contracts or documents which are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement by the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act or by the Rules and Regulations which have not been so described and filed as required.


(xix) Absence of Further Requirements . (A) No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or decree of, any Governmental Entity and (B) no authorization, approval vote or other consent of any person or entity, is necessary or required for the performance by the Fund of its obligations hereunder, in connection with the offering, issuance or sale of the Securities hereunder or under the Fund Agreements or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except such as have been already obtained or as may be required under the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Act, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (the “NYSE”), state securities laws or the filing requirements and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).

(xx) Possession of Intellectual Property . The Fund owns or possesses, or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names or other intellectual property (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary to carry on the business now operated by the Fund, and the Fund has not received any notice or is not otherwise aware of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interest of the Fund therein, and which infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavourable decision, ruling or finding) or invalidity or inadequacy, singly or in the aggregate, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xxi) Possession of Licenses and Permits . The Fund possesses such permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations (collectively, “Governmental Licenses”) issued by the appropriate Governmental Entities necessary to conduct the business now operated by it except where the failure so to possess would not, singly or in the aggregate result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Fund is in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Governmental Licenses, except where the failure so to comply would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Fund has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such Governmental Licenses which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(xxii) FINRA Matters . All of the information provided to the Underwriters or to counsel for the Underwriters by the Fund, its officers and trustees in connection with letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA’s conduct rules (and applicable legacy NASD rules) is true, complete and correct in all material respects.

(xxiii) Payment of Taxes . The Fund has filed all tax returns, if any, that are required to be filed and has paid all taxes required to be paid by it and any other assessment, fine or penalty levied against it, to the extent that any of the foregoing is due and payable, except for any such tax, assessment, fine or penalty that is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate actions and except for such taxes, assessments, fines or penalties the nonpayment of which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(xxiv) Advertisements . Any advertising, sales literature or other promotional material (including “prospectus wrappers,” “broker kits,” “road show slides” and “road show scripts”), whether in printed or electronic form, authorized in writing by or prepared by or at the direction of the Fund or the Adviser for use in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities (collectively, “Sales Material”) does not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. All Sales


Material complied and will comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations and the rules and interpretations of FINRA, including legacy NASD rules, and if required to be filed with FINRA under FINRA’s conduct rules were so filed and provided to Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters.

(xxv) Lending Relationship . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Fund (i) does not have any material lending or other relationship with any bank or lending affiliate of Merrill Lynch and (ii) does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of any Underwriter.

(xxvi) Insurance . The Fund carries or is entitled to the benefits of insurance, with financially sound and reputable insurers, in such amounts and covering such risks as is generally maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar business, and all such insurance insuring the Fund or its business, assets, employees, officers and trustees, including the Fund’s trustees and officers errors and omissions insurance policy and its fidelity bond required by Rule 17g-1 of the Rules and Regulations, are in full force and effect. The Fund is in compliance with the terms of such policy and fidelity bond in all material respects and there are no claims by the Fund under any such policy or fidelity bond as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause. The Fund has no reason to believe that it will not be able (A) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (B) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither of the Fund nor any of its subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.

(xxvii) Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act . The Fund has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, it will be in compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) that are then in effect and with which the Fund is required to comply as of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.

(xxviii) Rule 38a-1 . The Fund has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws (as that term is defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act) by the Fund, including policies and procedures that provide oversight of compliance by the Adviser and the administrator and transfer agent of the Fund.

(xxix) Distribution of Offering Materials . The Fund has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of (A) the Closing Time and (B) completion of the distribution of the Common Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Common Shares other than the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package(including a Rule 482 Statement, if any, or the Sales Material.

(xxx) Related Party Transactions . There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Fund or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which have not been described as required, it being understood and agreed that the Fund and the Adviser make no representation or warranty with respect to any such relationships involving any Underwriter or any affiliate and any other person that have not been disclosed to the Fund by the relevant Underwriter in connection with this offering.


(xxxi) Accounting Controls . The Fund maintains effective control over financial reporting and a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Fund and the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, the Rules and Regulations and the Code; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP, to calculate net asset value, and to maintain accountability for assets and to maintain compliance with the books and records requirements under the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with the management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Fund employs and maintains “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rule 30a-3 under the 1940 Act) and such internal control over financial reporting is and shall be effective as required by the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the end of the Fund’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (1) no material weakness in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 30a-3 under the Investment Company Act (whether or not remediated) and (2) no change in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.

(xxxii) Disclosure Controls and Procedures . The Fund will maintain “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rule 30a-3 under the 1940 Act); such disclosure controls and procedures will be effective as required by the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations.

(xxxiii) Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Fund are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the rules and regulations thereunder, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Fund with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Fund, threatened.

(xxxiv) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act . Neither the Fund nor, any officer or director, nor to the knowledge of the Fund, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Fund is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (“FCPA”) or any other applicable anti-corruption laws, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA or any other applicable anti-corruption laws, and the Fund and, to the knowledge of the Fund, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and any other applicable anti-corruption laws, and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.


(xxxv) OFAC . Neither the Fund, its directors or officers nor, to the knowledge of the Fund, any agent, employee, affiliate or person acting on behalf of the Fund is an individual or entity (“Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is currently the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”); and the Fund will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the sale of the Securities, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, for the purpose of financing the activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such financing is the subject of any OFAC sanctions.

(xxxvi) Absence of Undisclosed Payments . Neither the Fund nor any employee or agent of the Fund has made any payment of funds of the Fund or received or retained any funds, which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus.

(xxxvii) Absence of Manipulation . Neither the Fund nor any affiliate of the Fund has taken, nor will the Fund or any affiliate take, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed, or would be expected, to cause or result in, or which constitutes, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Fund to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities or to result in violation of federal securities laws.

(xxxviii) Registration Rights . There are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities registered for sale pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise registered for sale or sold by the Fund under the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act. There are no persons with tag along rights or other similar rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Securities by the Fund pursuant to this Agreement.

(xxxix) NYSE Listing . The Securities have been duly listed, and admitted and authorized for trading, subject to official notice of issuance and evidence of satisfactory distribution, on the NYSE and the Fund’s registration statement on Form 8-A under the 1934 Act has become effective.

(xl) No Material Restrictions Relating to Investing Assets . There are no material restrictions, limitations or regulations with respect to the ability of the Fund to invest its assets as described in any Registration Statement, General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, other than as described therein.

(xli) Statistical, Demographic and Market-Related Data . Any statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on and derived from sources that the Fund believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate and, to the extent required, the Fund or the Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, have obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources.

(b) Representations and Warranties by the Adviser . The Adviser represents and warrants to each Underwriter, and in the case of paragraph (iii) also represent to the Fund, as of the date hereof, as of the Applicable Time, as of the Closing Time, and as of each Date of Delivery (if any) and agrees with each Underwriter as follows:

(i) Good Standing of the Adviser . The Adviser has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing as a limited partnership under the laws of the state of


Delaware, with full limited partnership power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the Fund Agreements; and the Adviser is duly qualified as a limited partnership to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a material adverse effect on the Adviser’s ability to perform its obligations under the Investment Management Agreement, the Structuring Fee Agreement between Merrill Lynch and the Adviser (the “Merrill Lynch Fee Agreement”), the Structuring Fee Agreement between Wells Fargo and the Adviser (the “Wells Fargo Fee Agreement”), the Structuring Fee Agreement between Morgan Stanley and the Adviser (the “Morgan Stanley Fee Agreement”) and [OTHER FEE AGREEMENTS EXECUTED BY ADVISER] (the Merrill Lynch Fee Agreement, the Wells Fargo Fee Agreement, the Morgan Stanley Fee Agreement and [OTHER FEE AGREEMENTS EXECUTED BY THE ADVISER] are referred to herein, collectively, as the “Fee Agreements”).

(ii) Investment Adviser Status . The Adviser is duly registered and in good standing with the Commission as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act, and is not prohibited by the Advisers Act or the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations under such acts, from acting under the Investment Management Agreement as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(iii) Description of the Adviser . The description of the Adviser and its business and the statements attributable to the Adviser in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (and any amendment or supplement to either of them) complied and comply in all material respects with the provisions of the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, the Rules and Regulations and the Advisers Act Rules and Regulations and is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(iv) Capitalization . As of the date hereof, the Adviser has the financial resources available to it necessary for the performance of its services and obligations as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, this Agreement, the Investment Management and the Fee Agreements.

(v) Authorization of Agreements; Absence of Defaults and Conflicts . Each of this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement and the Fee Agreements has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the Adviser, and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, such agreements to which the Adviser is a party constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Adviser, enforceable against the Adviser in accordance with their respective terms, and neither the execution and delivery of any of this Agreement, the Investment Advisory Agreement or the Fee Agreements nor the performance by the Adviser of its obligations hereunder or thereunder will conflict with, or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute, with or without the giving of notice or lapse of time or both, a default under, any agreement or instrument to which the Adviser is a party or by which it is bound, the organizational documents of the Adviser, or to the Adviser’s knowledge, by any law, order, decree, rule or regulation applicable to it of any jurisdiction, court, federal or state regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body, stock exchange or securities association having jurisdiction over the Adviser or its properties or operations, except where such breach or default would not have a material adverse effect on the Adviser’s ability to perform the services contemplated by this Agreement, the Investment Advisory Agreement the Fee Agreements.


(vi) Absence of Further Requirements . (A) No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or decree of, any Governmental Entity and (B) no authorization, approval, vote or other consent of any other person or entity, is necessary or required for the consummation by the Adviser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement or the Fee Agreements, except such as have been already obtained or may be required under the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act, the rules and regulations of FINRA and the NYSE and such as may be required under state securities laws.

(vii) No Material Adverse Change . Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as otherwise stated therein, there has not occurred any event which would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Adviser to perform its obligations under any of this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement and the Fee Agreements.

(viii) Agreements’ Compliance with Laws . This Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement and the Fee Agreements comply in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the Rules and Regulations, the Advisers Act, and the Advisers Act Rules and Regulations.

(ix) Absence of Proceedings . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any Governmental Agency now pending, or, to the knowledge of the Adviser, threatened against or affecting the Adviser or any parent or subsidiary of the Adviser or any partners, trustees, officers or employees of the foregoing, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, which might reasonably be expected to result in any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Adviser, to materially and adversely affect the properties or assets of the Adviser or to materially impair or adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to function as an investment adviser or perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement or the Fee Agreements, or which is required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus (and has not been so disclosed).

(x) Absence of Violation or Default . The Adviser is not in violation of its organizational documents or in default under any agreement, indenture or instrument, where such violation or default would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Adviser to perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement or the Fee Agreements.

(xi) Possession of Licenses and Permits . The Adviser possess such Governmental Licenses necessary to own its property and to conduct the business now operated by it, except where the failure to so possess would not have a material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Adviser, to materially and adversely affect the properties or assets of the Adviser or to materially impair or adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to function as an investment adviser or perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Investment Management Agreement or the Fee Agreements. The Adviser has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such Governmental Licenses which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would result in a material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Adviser, to materially and adversely affect the properties or assets of the Adviser or to materially impair or adversely affect the ability of the Adviser to function as an investment adviser or perform its obligations under the Investment Management Agreement or the Fee Agreements.


(xii) Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Fund are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the rules and regulations thereunder, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Fund with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Fund, threatened.

(xiii) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act . Neither the Adviser nor, any officer or director of the Adviser, nor to the knowledge of the Adviser, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Adviser is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (“FCPA”) or any other applicable anti-corruption laws, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA or any other applicable anti-corruption laws, and the Adviser and, to the knowledge of the Adviser, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and any other applicable anti-corruption laws, and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.

(xiv) OFAC . Neither the Adviser, its directors or officers nor, to the knowledge of the Adviser, any agent, employee, affiliate or person acting on behalf of the Adviser is an individual or entity (“Adviser Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by an Adviser Person that is currently the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”); and the Adviser will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the sale of the Securities, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Adviser Person, for the purpose of financing the activities or business of or with any Adviser Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such financing is the subject of any OFAC sanctions.

(xv) Internal Controls . The Adviser maintains a system of internal controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions effectuated by it under the Investment Management Agreement are executed in accordance with its management’s general or specific authorization; and (ii) access to the Fund’s assets is permitted only in accordance with its management’s general or specific authorization.

(xvi) Absence of Manipulation . Neither the Adviser nor any affiliate of the Adviser has taken, nor will the Adviser or any affiliate take, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed, or would be expected, to cause or result in, or which constitutes, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities or to result in violation of federal securities laws.


(xvii) Promotional Materials . In the event that the Fund or the Adviser makes available any promotional materials related to the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby intended for use only by registered broker-dealers and registered representatives thereof by means of an Internet web site or similar electronic means, the Adviser will install and maintain, or will cause to be installed and maintained, pre-qualification and password-protection or similar procedures which are reasonably designed to effectively prohibit access to such promotional materials by persons other than registered broker-dealers and registered representatives thereof.

(c) Officer’s Certificates . Any certificate signed by any officer of the Fund or the Adviser delivered to the Representative(s) or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Fund or the Adviser, as the case may be, to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.

SECTION 2. Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing.

(a) Initial Securities . On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Fund agrees to sell to each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Fund, at the price per share set forth in Schedule B , that number of Initial Securities set forth in Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter, plus any additional number of Initial Securities which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 hereof, subject, in each case, to such adjustments among the Underwriters as Merrill Lynch in its sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional shares.

(b) Option Securities . In addition, on the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Fund hereby grants an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to an additional [NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL SHARES] Common Shares, at the price per share set forth in Schedule B , less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Fund and payable on the Initial Securities but not payable on the Option Securities. The option hereby granted may be exercised for 45 days after the date hereof and may be exercised in whole or in part from time to time only for the purpose of covering overallotments made in connection with the offering and distribution of the Initial Securities upon notice by the Representative(s) to the Fund setting forth the number of Option Securities as to which the several Underwriters are then exercising the option and the time and date of payment and delivery for such Option Securities. Any such time and date of delivery (a “Date of Delivery”) shall be determined by the Representative(s), but shall not be later than seven full business days after the exercise of said option nor in any event prior to the Closing Time. If the option is exercised as to all or any portion of the Option Securities, each of the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, will purchase that proportion of the total number of Option Securities then being purchased which the number of Initial Securities set forth in Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Initial Securities, subject in each case to such adjustments as Merrill Lynch in its sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional shares.

(c) Payment . Payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates, if any, for, the Initial Securities shall be made at the offices of Clifford Chance US LLP, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representative(s) and the Fund, at 9:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the third (fourth, if the pricing occurs after 4:30 P.M. (New York City time) on any given day) business day after the date hereof (unless postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10), or such other time not later than ten business days after such date as shall be agreed upon by the Representative(s) and the Fund (such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called “Closing Time”).


In addition, in the event that any or all of the Option Securities are purchased by the Underwriters, payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates, if any, for, such Option Securities shall be made at the above-mentioned offices, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representative(s) and the Fund, on each Date of Delivery as specified in the notice from Merrill Lynch to the Fund.

Payment shall be made to the Fund by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account designated by the Fund, against delivery to the Representative(s) for the respective accounts of the Underwriters of certificates for the Securities to be purchased by them. It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representative(s), for its account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Initial Securities and the Option Securities, if any, which it has agreed to purchase. Merrill Lynch, individually and not as representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment of the purchase price for the Initial Securities or the Option Securities, if any, to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds have not been received by the Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be, but such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from its obligations hereunder.

(d) Denominations; Registration . Certificates for the Initial Securities and the Option Securities, if any, shall be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Representative(s) may request in writing at least one full business day before the Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be. The certificates for the Initial Securities and the Option Securities, if any, will be made available for examination and packaging by the Representative(s) in The City of New York not later than 10:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the business day prior to the Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be.

SECTION 3. Covenants.

(a) The Fund and the Adviser, jointly and severally, covenant with each Underwriter as follows:

(i) Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests . The Fund, subject to Section 3(a)(ii), will comply with the requirements of Rule 430A and will notify the Representative(s) immediately, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall become effective, or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus shall have been filed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission, (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein or for additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(d) or Section 8(e) of the 1933 Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Fund becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act in connection with the offering of the Securities. The Fund will effect all filings required under Rule 497, in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 497 and will take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 497 was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Fund will make every reasonable effort to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention, suspension or revocation of registration pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act, and, if any such stop order, of suspension or revocation of registration is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.


(ii) Filing of Amendments . The Fund will give the Representative(s) notice of its intention to file or prepare any amendment to the Registration Statement (including any filing under Rule 462(b)) or any amendment, supplement or revision to either the prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time it became effective or to the Prospectus, whether pursuant to the 1933 Act or otherwise, or will furnish the Representative(s) with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing or use, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representative(s) or counsel for the Underwriters shall object.

(iii) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws . The Fund will comply with the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities (as amended or supplemented) is required by the 1933 Act to be delivered in connection with sales of the Securities, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters or for the Fund, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii) amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order to comply with the requirements of the 1933 Act or the Rules and Regulations, the Fund will promptly (A) give the Representative(s) notice of such event, (B) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Representative(s) with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (C) file with the Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided that the Fund shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative(s) or counsel for the Underwriters shall object. The Fund will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request. If at any time following issuance of a Rule 482 Statement, there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Rule 482 Statement included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances, prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Fund will promptly notify Merrill Lynch and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Rule 482 Statement to eliminate or correct such conflict.

(iv) Delivery of Registration Statements . The Fund has furnished or will deliver to the Representative(s) and counsel for the Underwriters, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein) and signed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and will also deliver to the Representative(s) and counsel for the Underwriters, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for each of the Underwriters. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.


(v) Delivery of Prospectuses . The Fund has delivered to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each preliminary prospectus as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Fund hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the 1933 Act. The Fund will furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the 1933 Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as such Underwriter may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(vi) Blue Sky Qualifications . The Fund will use its best efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Representative(s) may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of the Securities; provided, however, that the Fund shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign entity or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Securities have been so qualified, the Fund will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification in effect so long as required to compile distribution of the Securities.

(vii) Rule 158 . The Fund will timely file such reports pursuant to the 1934 Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the 1933 Act.

(viii) Use of Proceeds . The Fund will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities in the manner specified in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds.”

(ix) Listing . The Fund will use its best efforts to effect and maintain the listing of the Securities on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to notice of issuance, no later than the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and the Fund’s registration statement on Form 8-A.

(x) Restriction on Sale of Securities . During a period of [ ] days from the date of the Prospectus, the Fund will not, without the prior written consent of Merrill Lynch, (i) directly or indirectly, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares; or file any registration statement under the 1933 Act with respect to any of the foregoing or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Common Shares, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (A) the Securities to be sold hereunder or (B) Common Shares issued or, for avoidance of doubt, purchased in the open market pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan.

(xi) Reporting Requirements . The Fund, during the period when a Prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the 1933 Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the 1940 Act and the 1934 Act within the time periods required by the 1940 Act and the Rules and Regulations and the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, respectively.


(xii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act . The Fund has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement, it will be in compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) that are then in effect and with which the Fund is required to comply as of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.

(xiii) No Manipulation of Market for Securities . The Fund and the Adviser have not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in, or that might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Fund to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities in violation of federal or state securities laws, and the Fund and the Adviser are not aware of any such action taken or to be taken by any affiliates of the Fund or the Adviser, except for share repurchases permitted in accordance with applicable laws and purchases of Securities in the open market pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan, until the Closing Date, or the Date of Delivery, if any, (i) sell, bid for or purchase the Securities or pay any person any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Securities or (ii) pay or agree to pay to any person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Fund.

(xiv) Rule 462(b) Registration Statement . If the Fund elects to rely upon Rule 462(b), the Fund shall file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 P.M., New York City time, by the second day following the date of this Agreement, and the Fund shall at the time of filing either pay to the Commission the filing fee for the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or give irrevocable instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 111 under the 1933 Act.

SECTION 4. Payment of Expenses.

(a) Expenses . The Fund will pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and each amendment thereto, (ii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of each preliminary prospectus, Rule 482 Statement, if any, and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Underwriters to investors, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates or evidence of book entry notation, if any, for the Securities to the Underwriters, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any stamp or other duties payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the Fund’s counsel, accountants and other advisers, (v) the qualification of the Securities, if required, under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(a)(vi) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection therewith and in connection with the preparation of any requisite Blue Sky Survey and any supplement thereto, (vi) the printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of each preliminary prospectus, each Rule 482 Statement, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Underwriters to investors, (vii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of the Blue Sky Survey, if any, and any supplement thereto, (viii) the FINRA filing fees incurred by the Fund under FINRA Rule 5110 in connection with the offering of the Securities, (ix) the fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities in an amount of $20,000, (x) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Securities on the NYSE and (xi) the printing of any sales material. Also, the Fund shall pay to the Underwriters $[ ]


per Common Share purchased by the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement as partial reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with the offering. The amount paid by the Fund as this partial reimbursement to the Underwriters will not exceed [ ]% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering. The Adviser has agreed to pay all of the offering expenses of the Fund to the extent offering expenses (other than sales load, but including the partial reimbursement of expenses described above) and organizational costs exceed $[ ] per Common Share. The sum total of all compensation received by the Underwriters in connection with this offering, including sales load and all forms of compensation to and reimbursement of Underwriters, will not exceed 9.0% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

(b) Termination of Agreement . If this Agreement is terminated by the Representative(s) in accordance with the provisions of Section 5, Section 9(a)(i) or (iii) or Section 10 hereof, the Fund and the Adviser, jointly and severally, agree that they shall reimburse the Underwriters for all of their out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters.

SECTION 5. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations.

The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder are subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Fund and the Adviser contained herein or in certificates of any officer of the Fund or the Adviser delivered pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Fund and the Adviser of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to the following further conditions:

(a) Effectiveness of Registration Statement . The Registration Statement, including any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, has become effective and at the Closing Time and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been issued under the 1933 Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued, and no revocation of registration has been issued pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act, and no proceedings for any of those purposes shall have been instituted or are pending or, to the Fund’s knowledge contemplated; and the Fund has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. A prospectus containing the Rule 430A Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule 497 (or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed with, and declared effective by the Commission in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A or a certificate shall have been filed in accordance with Rule 497(j)).

(b) Opinion of Counsel for the Fund and the Adviser . At the Closing Time, the Representative(s) shall have received the favorable opinions, dated the Closing Time, of Dechert LLP, counsel for the Fund (the “Fund’s Counsel”), and of [NAME OF ADVISER’S COUNSEL], counsel for the Adviser, each in form and substance satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters to the effect set forth in Exhibits A and  B hereto and to such further effect as counsel to the Underwriters may reasonably request. The opinion of the Fund’s Counsel shall state that Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, may rely on such opinion as to matters of Delaware law for the purposes of rendering its opinion referenced in Section 5(c).

(c) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters . At the Closing Time, the Representative(s) shall have received the favorable opinion, dated as of Closing Time, of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters to the effect set forth in Exhibit C hereto. Insofar as the opinion expressed above relates to or is dependent upon matters governed by Delaware law, Clifford Chance US LLP will be permitted to rely on the opinion of Fund’s Counsel. In giving such opinion such counsel may rely, as to all matters


governed by the laws of jurisdictions other than the law of the State of New York and the federal law of the United States, upon the opinions of counsel satisfactory to the Representative(s). Such counsel may also state that, insofar as such opinion involves factual matters, they have relied, to the extent they deem proper, upon certificates of officers of the Fund and certificates of public officials.

(d) Officers’ Certificates . At the Closing Time, there shall not have been, since the date hereof or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Fund, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, and the Representative(s) shall have received a certificate of a duly authorized officer of the Fund and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Fund and of the President or a Vice President or Managing Director of the Adviser, dated the Closing Time, to the effect that (i) there has been no such material adverse change, (ii) the representations and warranties of the Fund and the Adviser in this Agreement, are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of the Closing Time, (iii) each of the Fund and the Adviser, respectively, has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Time, (iv) with respect to the certificate by an officer of the Adviser only, there has been no material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Adviser, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, and (v) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been issued under the 1933 Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued, and no revocation of registration has been issued pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1940 Act, has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of such officer, are contemplated.

(e) Accountant’s Agreed Upon Procedures Letter . At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Representative(s) shall have received from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative(s), together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant’s “agreed upon procedures letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(f) Bring-down Agreed Upon Procedures Letter . At the Closing Time, the Representative(s) shall have received from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP a letter, dated as of the Closing Time, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (e) of this Section, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than three business days prior to the Closing Time.

(g) Approval of Listing . At the Closing Time, the Securities shall have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance.

(h) No Objection . FINRA has confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Securities.

(i) Execution of the Fee Agreements. At the Closing Time, Merrill Lynch shall have received the Fee Agreements, each dated as of the Closing Time, as executed by the Adviser.

(j) Conditions to Purchase of Option Securities . In the event that the Underwriters exercise their option provided in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any portion of the Option Securities, the


representations and warranties of the Fund contained herein and the statements in any certificates furnished by the Fund hereunder shall be true and correct as of each Date of Delivery and, at the relevant Date of Delivery, the Representative(s) shall have received:

(i) Officers’ Certificates . Certificates, dated such Date of Delivery, of a duly authorized officer of the Fund and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Fund and of the President or a Vice President or Managing Director of the Adviser confirming that the certificate delivered by each of them at the Closing Time pursuant to Section 5(d) hereof remains true and correct as of such Date of Delivery.

(ii) Opinions of Counsel for the Fund and the Adviser . The favorable opinions of Dechert LLP, counsel for the Fund and of [NAME OF ADVISER’S COUNSEL], counsel for the Adviser, in form and substance satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters, dated such Date of Delivery, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Date of Delivery and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(b) hereof.

(iii) Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters . The favorable opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated such Date of Delivery, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Date of Delivery and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(c) hereof.

(iv) Bring-down Agreed Upon Procedures Letter . A letter from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative(s) and dated such Date of Delivery, substantially in the same form and substance as the letter furnished to the Representative(s) pursuant to Section 5(f) hereof, except that the “specified date” in the letter furnished pursuant to this paragraph shall be a date not more than three business days prior to such Date of Delivery.

(k) Additional Documents . At the Closing Time and at each Date of Delivery (if any), counsel for the Underwriters shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may require for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Fund and the Adviser in connection with the organization and registration of the Fund under the 1940 Act and the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative(s) and counsel for the Underwriters.

(l) Termination of Agreement . If any condition specified in this Section shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement, or, in the case of any condition to the purchase of Option Securities, on a Date of Delivery which is after the Closing Time, the obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase the relevant Option Securities, may be terminated by the Representative(s) by notice to the Fund at any time at or prior to Closing Time or such Date of Delivery, as the case may be, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 and except that Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 13 and 15 shall survive any such termination and remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 6. Indemnification.

(a) Indemnification of Underwriters . The Fund and the Adviser, jointly and severally, agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 501(b) under the 1933 Act (an “Affiliate”)), its selling agents and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, as follows:


(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430A Information or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included (A) in any preliminary prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission in any preliminary prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 6(e) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Fund; and

(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by Merrill Lynch), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above;

provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430A Information, the General Disclosure Package, any Rule 482 Statement or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

(b) Indemnification of the Fund, Adviser, Trustees, Directors and Officers . Each Underwriter severally, and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Fund and the Adviser, their respective trustees and directors, each of the Fund’s officers who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Fund or the Adviser within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430A Information, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

(c) Indemnification for Sales Material . In addition to the foregoing indemnification, the Fund and the Adviser also, jointly and severally, agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 6(a), as limited by the proviso set forth therein, with respect to any Sales Material (to the same extent as with respect to any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus).

(d) Actions against Parties; Notification . Each indemnified party shall give notice as promptly as reasonably practicable to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall


not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. In the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(a) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by Merrill Lynch, and, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(b) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Fund and the Adviser. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. In no event shall the indemnifying parties be liable for fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for all indemnified parties in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 6 or Section 7 hereof (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(e) Settlement without Consent if Failure to Reimburse . If at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 6(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.

SECTION 7. Contribution.

If the indemnification provided for in Section 6 hereof is for any reason unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Fund or the Adviser on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Fund and the Adviser on the one hand and of the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.

The relative benefits received by the Fund and the Adviser on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Fund and the total underwriting discount received by the Underwriters (whether from the Fund or otherwise), in each case as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus.


The relative fault of the Fund and the Adviser on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Fund or the Adviser or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

The Fund, the Adviser and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 7. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 7 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public.

No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

For purposes of this Section 7, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act and each Underwriter’s Affiliates and selling agents shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each trustee and shareholder of the Fund and each director of the Adviser, respectively, each officer of the Fund who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Fund or each of the Adviser, within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Fund and the Adviser, respectively. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the number of Initial Securities set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule A hereto and not joint.

SECTION 8. Representations, Warranties and Covenants to Survive.

All representations, warranties and covenants contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Fund or on behalf of the Adviser submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling any Underwriter, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Fund or the Adviser, and (ii) delivery of and payment for the Securities.

SECTION 9. Termination of Agreement.

(a) Termination . The Representative(s) may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Fund, at any time at or prior to the Closing Time (i) if there has been, in the judgment of the Representative(s), since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Fund or any Adviser, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis


or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Representative(s), impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the completion of the offering or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, or (iii) if trading in any securities of the Fund has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the [New York Stock Exchange], or (iv) if trading generally on the NYSE Amex Equities, the New York Stock Exchange or in the Nasdaq Global Market has been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority, or (v) a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States or with respect to Clearstream or Euroclear systems in Europe, or (vi) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either Federal or New York authorities.

(b) Liabilities . If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 hereof, and provided further that Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 13 and 15 shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 10. Default by One or More of the Underwriters.

If one or more of the Underwriters shall fail at Closing Time or a Date of Delivery to purchase the Securities which it or they are obligated to purchase under this Agreement (the “Defaulted Securities”), the Representative(s) shall have the right, within 24 hours thereafter, to make arrangements for one or more of the non-defaulting Underwriters, or any other underwriters, to purchase all, but not less than all, of the Defaulted Securities in such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms herein set forth; if, however, the Representative(s) shall not have completed such arrangements within such 24-hour period, then:

(a) if the number of Defaulted Securities does not exceed 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, each of the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, to purchase the full amount thereof in the proportions that their respective underwriting obligations hereunder bear to the underwriting obligations of all non-defaulting Underwriters, or

(b) if the number of Defaulted Securities exceeds 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, this Agreement or, with respect to any Date of Delivery which occurs after the Closing Time, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase, and the Fund to sell the Option Securities to be purchased and sold on such Date of Delivery shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter.

No action taken pursuant to this Section shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of its default.

In the event of any such default which does not result in a termination of this Agreement or, in the case of a Date of Delivery which is after the Closing Time, which does not result in a termination of the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase and the Fund to sell the relevant Option Securities, as the case may be, either the (i) Representative(s) or (ii) the Fund shall have the right to postpone Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be, for a period not exceeding seven days in order to effect any required changes in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements. As used herein, the term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10.


SECTION 11. Tax Disclosure.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, from the commencement of discussions with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, the Fund and the Adviser (and each employee, representative or other agent of the Fund) may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure (as such terms are used in Sections 6011, 6111 and 6112 of the U.S. Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.

SECTION 12. Notices.

All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be directed to the Representative(s), Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, One Bryant Park, New York, New York 10036, attention of Equity Capital Markets; and notices to the Fund or the Adviser shall be directed, as appropriate, to 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: [•].

SECTION 13. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship.

The Fund acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the initial public offering price of the Securities and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Fund, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering of the Securities and the process leading thereto, each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Fund, any of its subsidiaries or their respective stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Fund with respect to the offering of the Securities or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Fund on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Fund with respect to the offering of the Securities except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Fund and (e) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering of the Securities and the Fund has consulted its own respective legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.

SECTION 14. Parties.

This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters, the Fund, the Adviser and their respective successors. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Underwriters, the Fund, the Adviser and their respective successors and the controlling persons, affiliates and officers, trustees, and directors referred to in Sections 6 and 7 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Underwriters, the Fund, the Adviser and their respective successors, and said controlling persons, affiliates and officers, trustees, and directors and their heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation. No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor by reason merely of such purchase.


SECTION 15. Trial by Jury.

The Fund (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its shareholders and affiliates), the Adviser and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

SECTION 16. GOVERNING LAW.

THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF, THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO ITS CHOICE OF LAW PROVISIONS.

SECTION 17. TIME.

TIME SHALL BE OF THE ESSENCE OF THIS AGREEMENT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH HEREIN, SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.

SECTION 18. Partial Unenforceability.

The invalidity or unenforceability of any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.

SECTION 19. Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement.

SECTION 20. Effect of Headings.

The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.


If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to us a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the Underwriters, the Fund, and the Adviser in accordance with its terms.

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND
By:    
Name:  
Title:  

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT,

L.P.

By:    
Name:  
Title:  


CONFIRMED AND ACCEPTED,

     as of the date first above written:

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH

                                 INCORPORATED

By:    
  Authorized Signatory
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
By:    
  Authorized Signatory
MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC
By:    
  Authorized Signatory

For themselves and as

Representative(s) of the

other Underwriters named

in Schedule A hereto.


SCHEDULE A

 

Underwriter

   Number of Initial Securities

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated

  

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

  

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

  
  

 

Total:

  
  

 

 

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SCHEDULE B

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST (Par Value $.001 per Shares)

The initial public offering price per share for the Securities shall be $20.00.

The purchase price per share for the Securities to be paid by the several Underwriters shall be $19.10,

being an amount equal to the initial public offering price set forth above less $.90 per share.

 

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SCHEDULE C

1. The Fund is selling [NUMBER OF FIRM SHARES] Common Shares.

2. The Fund has granted an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to an additional [NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL SHARES] Common Shares.

3. The initial public offering price per share for the Securities shall be $20.00.

 

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SCHEDULE D

[Client Brochure]

 

- 1 -


EXHIBIT A

OPINION OF DECHERT LLP

 

- 1 -


EXHIBIT B

OPINION OF ADVISER’S COUNSEL

 

- 2 -


EXHIBIT C

OPINION OF CLIFFORD CHANCE US LLP

 

- 3 -

EX.99.(h)(ii)

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED

MASTER AGREEMENT AMONG UNDERWRITERS

REGISTERED SEC OFFERINGS

(INCLUDING MULTIPLE SYNDICATE OFFERINGS)

AND

EXEMPT OFFERINGS

(OTHER THAN OFFERINGS OF MUNICIPAL SECURITIES)

July 9, 2012


This Master Agreement Among Underwriters (this “ Master AAU ”), dated as of July 9, 2012, is by and between Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“ Merrill Lynch ” or “ we ”) and the party named on the signature page hereof (an Underwriter ”, as defined in Section 1.1 hereof, or “ you ”). From time to time we or one or more of our affiliates may invite you (and others) to participate on the terms set forth herein as an underwriter or an initial purchaser, or in a similar capacity, in connection with certain offerings of securities that are managed solely by us or with one or more other co-managers. If we invite you to participate in a specific offering and sale of securities (an “ Offering ”) to which this Master AAU will apply, we will send the information set forth in Section 1.1 hereof to you by one or more wires, telexes, telecopy or electronic data transmissions, or other written communications (each, a “ Wire ”, and collectively, an “ AAU ”), unless you are otherwise deemed to have accepted an AAU with respect to such Offering pursuant to Section 1.2 hereof. Each Wire will indicate that it is a Wire pursuant to this Master AAU. The Wire inviting you to participate in an Offering is referred to herein as an “ Invitation Wire . ” You and we hereby agree that by the terms hereof the provisions of this Master AAU automatically will be incorporated by reference in each AAU, except that any such AAU may also exclude or revise such provisions of this Master AAU in respect of the Offering to which such AAU relates, and may contain such additional provisions as may be specified in any Wire relating to such AAU. You and we further agree as follows:

I. GENERAL

1.1. Terms of AAU; Certain Definitions; Construction. Each AAU will relate to an Offering, and will identify: (i) the securities to be offered in the Offering (the “ Securities ”), their principal terms, the issuer or issuers (each, an “ Issuer ”) and any guarantor (each, a “ Guarantor ”) thereof, and, if different from the Issuer, the seller or sellers (each, a “ Seller ”) of the Securities, (ii) the underwriting agreement, purchase agreement, standby underwriting agreement, distribution agreement, or similar agreement (as identified in such AAU and as amended or supplemented, including a terms agreement or pricing agreement pursuant to any of the foregoing, collectively, the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) providing for the purchase, on a several and not joint basis, of the Securities by the several underwriters, initial purchasers, or others acting in a similar capacity (the “ Underwriters ”) on whose behalf the Manager (as defined below) executes the Underwriting Agreement, and whether such agreement provides for: (x) an option to purchase Additional Securities (as defined below) to cover sales of shares in excess of the number of Firm Securities (as defined below), or (y) an offering in multiple jurisdictions or markets involving two or more syndicates (an “ International Offering ”), each of which will offer and sell Securities subject to such restrictions as may be specified in any Intersyndicate Agreement (as defined below) referred to in such AAU, (iii) the price at which the Securities are to be purchased by the several Underwriters from any Issuer or Seller thereof (the “ Purchase Price ”), (iv) the offering terms, including, if applicable, the price or prices at which the Securities initially will be offered by the Underwriters (the “ Offering Price ”), any selling concession to dealers (the “ Selling Concession ”), reallowance (the “ Reallowance ”), management fee, global coordinators’ fee, praecipium, or other similar fees, discounts, or commissions (collectively, the “ Fees and Commissions ”) with respect to the Securities, and (v) other principal terms of the Offering, which may include, without limitation: (A) the proposed or actual pricing date (“ Pricing Date ”) and settlement date (the “ Settlement Date ”), (B) any contractual restrictions on the offer and sale of the Securities pursuant to the Underwriting


Agreement, Intersyndicate Agreement, or otherwise, (C) any co-managers for such Offering (the “ Co-Managers ”), (D) your proposed participation in the Offering, and (E) any trustee, fiscal agent, or similar agent (the “ Trustee ”) for the indenture, trust agreement, fiscal agency agreement, or similar agreement (the “ Indenture ”) under which such Securities will be issued.

Manager ” means Merrill Lynch, except as set forth in Section 9.9 hereof. “ Representative ” means the Manager and any Co-Manager that signs the applicable Underwriting Agreement on behalf of the Underwriters or is identified as a Representative in the applicable Underwriting Agreement. “ Underwriters ” includes the Representative(s), the Manager, and the Co-Managers. “ Firm Securities ” means the number or amount of Securities that the several Underwriters are initially committed to purchase under the Underwriting Agreement (which may be expressed as a percentage of an aggregate number or amount of Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters, as in the case of a standby Underwriting Agreement). “ Additional Securities ” means the Securities, if any, that the several Underwriters have an option to purchase under the Underwriting Agreement to cover sales of shares in excess of the number of Firm Securities. The number, amount, or percentage of Firm Securities set forth opposite each Underwriter’s name in the Underwriting Agreement plus any additional Firm Securities which such Underwriter has made a commitment to purchase, irrespective of whether such Underwriter actually purchases or sells such number, amount, or percentage of Securities under the Underwriting Agreement or Article XI hereof, is hereinafter referred to as the “ Original Underwriting Obligation ” of such Underwriter, and the ratio which such Original Underwriting Obligation bears to the total of all Firm Securities set forth in the Underwriting Agreement (or, in the case of a standby Underwriting Agreement, to 100%) is hereinafter referred to as the “ Underwriting Percentage ” of such Underwriter. For the avoidance of doubt, each Underwriter acknowledges and agrees that, for all purposes under this Agreement and otherwise (including, to the extent applicable, for purposes of Section 11(e) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 (the “ 1933 Act ”)), each Underwriter’s Underwriting Percentage of the total number, amount, or percentage of Securities offered and sold in the Offering (including any Additional Securities), and only such number, amount, or percentage, constitutes the securities underwritten by such Underwriter and distributed to investors. 1

References herein to laws, statutory and regulatory sections, rules, regulations, forms, and interpretive materials will be deemed to include any successor provisions.

1.2. Acceptance of AAU . You will have accepted an AAU for an Offering if: (a) we receive your acceptance, prior to the time specified in the Invitation Wire for such Offering, by wire, telex, telecopy or electronic data transmission, or other written communication (any such communication being deemed “ In Writing ”) or orally (if promptly confirmed In Writing), in the manner specified in the Invitation Wire, of our invitation to participate in the Offering, or (b) notwithstanding that we did not send you an Invitation Wire or you have not otherwise responded In Writing to any such Wire, you: (i) agree (orally or by a Wire) to be named as an Underwriter in the relevant Underwriting Agreement executed by us as Manager, or (ii) receive

 

1   Meant to clarify mechanics of underwriting for purposes of Section 11(e), and rebut footnote 8 of the WorldCom decision. See In re: Worldcom, Inc. Securities Litigation , U.S. Dist. Ct. (SDNY), slip op. 02 Civ 3288, March 14, 2005 (unpublished).

 

3


and retain an economic benefit for participating in the Offering as an Underwriter. Your acceptance of the invitation to participate will cause such AAU to constitute a valid and binding contract between us. Your acceptance of the AAU as provided above or an Invitation Wire will also constitute acceptance by you of the terms of subsequent Wires to you relating to the Offering unless we receive In Writing, within the time and in the manner specified in such subsequent Wire, a notice from you to the effect that you do not accept the terms of such subsequent Wire, in which case you will be deemed to have elected not to participate in the Offering.

1.3. Underwriters’ Questionnaire. Your acceptance of the Invitation Wire for an Offering or your participation in an Offering as an Underwriter will confirm that you have no exceptions to the Underwriters’ Questionnaire attached as Exhibit A hereto (or to any other questions addressed to you in any Wires relating to the Offering previously sent to you), other than exceptions noted by you In Writing in connection with the Offering and received from you by us before the time specified in the Invitation Wire or any subsequent Wire.

II. OFFERING MATERIALS; OFFERING AGREEMENTS

2.1. Registered Offerings. In the case of an Offering that will be registered in whole or in part (a “ Registered Offering ”) under the 1933 Act, you acknowledge that the Issuer has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) a registration statement, including a prospectus relating to the Securities. “ Registration Statement ” means such registration statement as amended to the effective date of the Underwriting Agreement and, in the event that the Issuer files an abbreviated registration statement to register additional Securities pursuant to Rule 462(b) or 462(e) under the 1933 Act, such abbreviated registration statement. “ Prospectus ” means the prospectus, together with the final prospectus supplement, if any, containing the final terms of the Securities and, in the case of a Registered Offering that is an International Offering, “ Prospectus ” means, collectively, each prospectus or offering circular, together with each final prospectus supplement or final offering circular supplement, if any, relating to the Offering, in the respective forms containing the final terms of the Securities. “ Preliminary Prospectus ” means any preliminary prospectus relating to the Offering or any preliminary prospectus supplement together with a prospectus relating to the Offering and, in the case of a Registered Offering that is an International Offering, “ Preliminary Prospectus ” means, collectively, each preliminary prospectus or preliminary offering circular relating to the Offering or each preliminary prospectus supplement or preliminary offering circular supplement, together with a prospectus or offering circular, respectively, relating to the Offering. “ Free Writing Prospectus ” means, in the case of a Registered Offering, a “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act. As used herein the terms “ Registration Statement, ” “ Prospectus, ” “ Preliminary Prospectus, ” and “ Free Writing Prospectus ” will include in each case the material, if any, incorporated by reference therein, and as used herein, the term “ Registration Statement ” includes information deemed to be part thereof pursuant to, and as of the date and time specified in, Rules 430A, 430B, or 430C under the 1933 Act, while the terms “ Prospectus ” and “ Preliminary Prospectus ” include information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to the rules and regulations under the 1933 Act, but only as of the actual time that information is first used or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act. The Manager will furnish, make available to you, or make arrangements for you to obtain copies (which may, to the extent permitted by law, be in electronic form) of each Prospectus and

 

4


Preliminary Prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if applicable, but excluding, for this purpose, unless otherwise required pursuant to rules or regulations under the 1933 Act, documents incorporated therein by reference) as soon as practicable after sufficient quantities thereof have been made available by the Issuer.

As used herein, in the case of an Offering that is an offering of asset-backed securities, the term “ ABS Underwriter Derived Information ” means any analytical or computational materials as described in clause (5) of footnote 271 of Commission Release No. 33-8591, issued July 19, 2005 (Securities Offering Reform) (the “ Securities Offering Reform Release ”).

2.2. Non-Registered Offerings. In the case of an Offering other than a Registered Offering, you acknowledge that no registration statement has been filed with the Commission. “ Offering Circular ” means the final offering circular or memorandum, if any, or any other final written materials authorized by the Issuer to be used in connection with an Offering that is not a Registered Offering. “ Preliminary Offering Circular ” means any preliminary offering circular or memorandum, if any, or any other written preliminary materials authorized by the Issuer to be used in connection with such an Offering. As used herein, the terms “ Offering Circular ” and “ Preliminary Offering Circular ” include the material, if any, incorporated by reference therein. We will either, as soon as practicable after the later of the date of the Invitation Wire or the date made available to us by the Issuer, furnish to you (or make available for your review) a copy of any Preliminary Offering Circular or any proof or draft of the Offering Circular. In any event, in any Offering involving an Offering Circular, the Manager will furnish, make available to you, or make arrangements for you to obtain, as soon as practicable after sufficient quantities thereof are made available by the Issuer, copies (which may, to the extent permitted by law, be in electronic form) of the Preliminary Offering Circular and Offering Circular, as amended or supplemented, if applicable (but excluding, for this purpose, documents incorporated therein by reference).

2.3. Authority to Execute Underwriting and Intersyndicate Agreements. You authorize the Manager, on your behalf: (a) to determine the form of the Underwriting Agreement and to execute and deliver to the Issuer, Guarantor, or Seller the Underwriting Agreement to purchase: (i) up to the number, amount, or percentage of Firm Securities set forth in the applicable AAU, and (ii) if the Manager elects on behalf of the several Underwriters to exercise any option to purchase Additional Securities, up to the number, amount, or percentage of Additional Securities set forth in the applicable AAU, subject, in each case, to reduction pursuant to Article IV; and (b) to determine the form of any agreement or agreements, including, but not limited to, underwriting agreements, between or among the syndicates participating in the Offering or International Offering, respectively (each, an “ Intersyndicate Agreement ”), and to execute and deliver any such Intersyndicate Agreement.

III. MANAGER’S AUTHORITY

3.1. Terms of Offering . You authorize the Manager to act as manager of the Offering of the Securities by the Underwriters (the “ Underwriters’ Securities ”) or by the Issuer or Seller pursuant to delayed delivery contracts (the “ Contract Securities ”), if any, contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement. You authorize the Manager: (i) to purchase any or all of the Additional Securities for the accounts of the several Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, (ii) to agree, on your behalf and on behalf of the Co-Managers, to any addition to,

 

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change in, or waiver of any provision of, or the termination of, the Underwriting Agreement or any Intersyndicate Agreement (other than an increase in the Purchase Price or in your Original Underwriting Obligation to purchase Securities, in either case from that contemplated by the applicable AAU), (iii) to add prospective or remove existing Underwriters from the syndicate, (iv) to exercise, in the Manager’s discretion, all of the authority vested in the Manager in the Underwriting Agreement, (v) except as described below in this Section 3.1, to take any other action as may seem advisable to the Manager in respect of the Offering (including, in the case of an Offering of asset-backed securities, the preparation and delivery of ABS Underwriter Derived Information), including actions and communications with the Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“ FINRA , ” formerly known as the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and NASD, Inc., or “ NASD ”), state blue sky or securities commissions, stock exchanges, and other regulatory bodies or organizations. Furthermore, the Manager will have exclusive authority, on your behalf and on behalf of the Co-Managers, to exercise powers and pursue enforcement of the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement and any Intersyndicate Agreement, whether or not actually exercised, except as otherwise specified herein or therein. If, in accordance with the terms of the applicable AAU, the Offering of the Securities is at varying prices based on prevailing market prices, or prices related to prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices, you authorize the Manager to determine, on your behalf in the Manager’s discretion, any Offering Price and the Fees and Commissions applicable to the Offering from time to time. You authorize the Manager on your behalf to arrange for any currency transactions (including forward and hedging currency transactions) as the Manager may deem necessary to facilitate settlement of the purchase of the Securities, but you do not authorize the Manager on your behalf to engage in any other forward or hedging transactions (including interest rate hedging transactions) in connection with the Offering unless such transactions are specified in an applicable AAU or are otherwise consented to by you. You further authorize the Manager, subject to the provisions of Section 1.2 hereof: (i) to vary the offering terms of the Securities in effect at any time, including, if applicable, the Offering Price, Fees, and Commissions set forth in the applicable AAU, (ii) to determine, on your behalf, the Purchase Price, and (iii) to increase or decrease the number, amount, or percentage of Securities being offered. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.1, the Manager will notify the Underwriters, prior to the signing of the Underwriting Agreement, of any provision in the Underwriting Agreement that could result in an increase in the number, amount, or percentage of Firm Securities set forth opposite each Underwriter’s name in the Underwriting Agreement by more than 25% (or such other percentage as will have been specified in the applicable Invitation Wire or otherwise consented to by you) as a result of the failure or refusal of another Underwriter or Underwriters to perform its or their obligations thereunder. The Manager may, at its discretion, delegate to any Underwriter any and all authority vested in the applicable AAU, including, but not limited to, the powers set forth in Sections 5.1 and 5.2 hereof.

3.2. Offering Date . The Offering is to be made on or about the time the Underwriting Agreement is entered into by the Issuer, Guarantor, or Seller and the Manager as in the Manager’s judgment is advisable, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus or the Offering Circular, as the case may be, and the applicable AAU. You will not sell any Securities prior to the time the Manager releases such Securities for sale to purchasers. The date on which such Securities are released for sale is referred to herein as the “ Offering Date.

 

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3.3. Communications . Any public announcement or advertisement of the Offering will be made by the Manager on behalf of the Underwriters on such date as the Manager may determine. You will not announce or advertise the Offering prior to the date of the Manager’s announcement or advertisement thereof without the Manager’s consent. If the Offering is made in whole or in part in reliance on any applicable exemption from registration under the 1933 Act, you will not engage in any general solicitation, announcement, or advertising in connection with the Offering, and will abide by any other restrictions in the AAU or the Underwriting Agreement in connection therewith relating to any announcement, advertising, or publicity. Any announcement or advertisement you may make of the Offering after such date will be your own responsibility, and at your own expense and risk. In addition to your compliance with restrictions on the Offering pursuant to Sections 10.9, 10.10, and 10.11 hereof, you represent that you have not, and you agree that you will not, in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities in the Offering, give, send, or otherwise convey to any prospective purchaser or any purchaser of the Securities or other person not in your employ any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act) other than:

(i) any Preliminary Prospectus, Prospectus, Preliminary Offering Circular, or Offering Circular,

(ii) (A) written confirmations and notices of allocation delivered to your customers in accordance with Rules 172 or 173 under the 1933 Act, and written communications based on the exemption provided by Rule 134 under the 1933 Act, and (B) in the case of Offerings not registered under the 1933 Act, such written communications (1) as would be permitted by Section 3.3(v)(D)(1) below were such Offering registered under the 1933 Act, or (2) that the Manager or Underwriting Agreement may permit; provided, however , that such written communication under this clause (B) would not have otherwise constituted “ Issuer Information ” as defined below, or would have qualified for the exemption provided by Rule 134 under the 1933 Act, in each case, if such communication had been furnished in the context of a Registered Offering (“ Supplemental Materials ”),

(iii) any “issuer free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 433(h) under the 1933 Act, an “ Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ”), the issuance or use of which has been permitted or consented to by the Issuer and the Manager,

(iv) information contained in any computational materials, or in the case of an Offering of asset-backed securities, the ABS Underwriter Derived Information, or any other offering materials not constituting a Free Writing Prospectus concerning the Offering, the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller, in each case, prepared by or with the permission of the Manager for use by the Underwriters in connection with the Offering, and, in the case of a Registered Offering, filed (if required) with the Commission or FINRA, as applicable,

(v) a Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, or used or referred to by, an Underwriter in connection with the Offering, so long as: (A) such Free Writing Prospectus is not required to be filed with the Commission, (B)

 

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the proposed use of such Free Writing Prospectus is permitted by the Underwriting Agreement, (C) such Free Writing Prospectus complies with the legending condition of Rule 433 under the 1933 Act, and you comply with the record-keeping condition of Rule 433, and (D) (1) such Free Writing Prospectus contains only information describing the preliminary terms of the Securities and other pricing data 2 that is not “ Issuer Information ” (as defined in Rule 433(h) under the 1933 Act, including footnote 271 of the Securities Offering Reform Release), or (2) the Issuer has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to file a final term sheet under Rule 433 within the time period necessary to avoid a requirement for any Underwriter to file the Free Writing Prospectus to be used by such Underwriter, and the Free Writing Prospectus used by such Underwriter contains only information describing the terms of the Securities or their offering that is included in such final term sheet of the Issuer and other pricing data that is not Issuer Information (a Free Writing Prospectus meeting the requirements of (A) through (D) above is referred to herein as an “ Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus ”). Without limiting the foregoing, any Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus that you use or refer to will not be distributed by you or on your behalf in a manner reasonably designed to lead to its broad unrestricted dissemination. You will comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder in connection with your use of any Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus,

(vi) any written communication prepared by or on behalf of, or used or referred to by, the Issuer, the conveyance of which by you in reliance on Section 5(d) of the 1933 Act has been permitted or consented to by the Issuer and the Manager (a “ Written Testing-the-Waters Communication ”), so long as (A) you convey any such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication solely to entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the 1933 Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the 1933 Act, and (B) you otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 5(d) of the 1933 Act, and

(vii) any written communication not otherwise permitted under clauses (i) through (vi) above, the conveyance of which by you has been permitted or consented to by the Manager (a “ Manager-Approved Communication ”).

Any advertisement or written information published, given, sent, or otherwise conveyed by you in violation of this Section 3.3 is referred to as “ Unauthorized Material .

3.4. Institutional and Retail Sales . You authorize the Manager to sell to institutions and retail purchasers such Securities purchased by you pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement as the Manager will determine. The Selling Concession on any such sales will be credited to the accounts of the Underwriters as the Manager will determine.

 

2   Meant to permit disclosure of non-Issuer related information, such as benchmark Treasury rate, in preliminary term sheets or price talk.

 

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3.5. Sales to Dealers . You authorize the Manager to sell to Dealers (as defined below) such Securities purchased by you pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement as the Manager will determine. A “ Dealer ” will be a person who is: (a) a broker or dealer (as defined by FINRA) actually engaged in the investment banking or securities business, and (i) a member in good standing of FINRA, or (ii) a non-U.S. bank, broker, dealer, or other institution not eligible for membership in FINRA that, in the case of either clause (a)(i) or (a)(ii), makes the representations and agreements applicable to such institutions contained in Section 10.5 hereof, or (b) in the case of Offerings of Securities that are exempt securities under Section 3(a)(12) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “ 1934 Act ”), and such other Securities as from time to time may be sold by a “bank” (as defined in Section 3(a)(6) of the 1934 Act (a “ Bank ”)), a Bank that is not a member of FINRA and that makes the representations and agreements applicable to such institutions contained in Section 10.5 hereof. If the price for any such sales by the Manager to Dealers exceeds an amount equal to the Offering Price less the Selling Concession set forth in the applicable AAU, the amount of such excess, if any, will be credited to the accounts of the Underwriters as the Manager will determine.

3.6. Direct Sales . The Manager will advise you promptly, on the Offering Date, as to the Securities purchased by you pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement that you will retain for direct sale. At any time prior to the termination of the applicable AAU, any such Securities that are held by the Manager for sale but not sold may, on your request and at the Manager’s discretion, be released to you for direct sale, and Securities so released to you will no longer be deemed held for sale by the Manager. You may allow, and Dealers may reallow, a discount on sales to Dealers in an amount not in excess of the Reallowance set forth in the applicable AAU. You may not purchase Securities from, or sell Securities to, any other Underwriter or Dealer at any discount or concession other than the Reallowance, except with the prior consent of the Manager.

3.7. Release of Unsold Securities . From time to time prior to the termination of the applicable AAU, at the request of the Manager, you will advise the Manager of the number or amount of Securities remaining unsold which were retained by or released to you for direct sale, and of the number or amount of Securities and Other Securities (as defined below) purchased for your account remaining unsold which were delivered to you pursuant to Article V hereof or pursuant to any Intersyndicate Agreement, and, on the request of the Manager, you will release to the Manager any such Securities and Other Securities remaining unsold: (a) for sale by the Manager to institutions, Dealers, or retail purchasers, (b) for sale by the Issuer or Seller pursuant to delayed delivery contracts, or (c) if, in the Manager’s opinion, such Securities or Other Securities are needed to make delivery against sales made pursuant to Article V hereof or any Intersyndicate Agreement.

3.8. International Offerings . In the case of an International Offering, you authorize the Manager: (i) to make representations on your behalf as set forth in any Intersyndicate Agreement, and (ii) to purchase or sell for your account pursuant to the Intersyndicate Agreement: (a) Securities, (b) any other securities of the same class and series, or any securities into which the Securities may be converted or for which the Securities may be exchanged or exercised, and (c) any other securities designated in the applicable AAU or applicable Intersyndicate Agreement (the securities referred to in clauses (b) and (c) above being referred to collectively as the “ Other Securities ”) .

 

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IV. DELAYED DELIVERY CONTRACTS

4.1. Arrangements for Sales . Arrangements for sales of Contract Securities will be made only through the Manager acting either directly or through Dealers (including Underwriters acting as Dealers), and you authorize the Manager to act on your behalf in making such arrangements. The aggregate number or amount of Securities to be purchased by the several Underwriters will be reduced by the respective number or amounts of Contract Securities attributed to such Underwriters as hereinafter provided. Subject to the provisions of Section 4.2 hereof, the aggregate number or amount of Contract Securities will be attributed to the Underwriters as nearly as practicable in proportion to their respective Underwriting Percentages, except that, as determined by the Manager in its discretion: (a) Contract Securities directed and allocated by a purchaser to specific Underwriters will be attributed to such Underwriters, and (b) Contract Securities for which arrangements have been made for sale through Dealers will be attributed to each Underwriter approximately in the proportion that Securities of such Underwriter held by the Manager for sales to Dealers bear to all Securities so held. The fee with respect to Contract Securities payable to the Manager for the accounts of the Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement will be credited to the accounts of the respective Underwriters in proportion to the Contract Securities attributed to such Underwriters pursuant to the provisions of this Section 4.1, less, in the case of each Underwriter, the concession to Dealers on Contract Securities sold through Dealers and attributed to such Underwriter.

4.2. Excess Sales . If the number or amount of Contract Securities attributable to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 4.1 hereof would exceed such Underwriter’s Original Underwriting Obligation reduced by the number or amount of Underwriters’ Securities sold by or on behalf of such Underwriter, such excess will not be attributed to such Underwriter, and such Underwriter will be regarded as having acted only as a Dealer with respect to, and will receive only the concession to Dealers on, such excess.

V. PURCHASE AND SALE OF SECURITIES

5.1. Facilitation of Distribution . In order to facilitate the distribution and sale of the Securities, you authorize the Manager to buy and sell Securities and any Other Securities, in addition to Securities sold pursuant to Article III hereof, in the open market or otherwise (including, without limitation, pursuant to any Intersyndicate Agreement), for long or short account, on such terms as it may deem advisable, and to over-allot in arranging sales. Such purchases and sales and over-allotments will be made for the accounts of the several Underwriters as nearly as practicable to their respective Underwriting Percentages or, in the case of an International Offering, such purchases and sales will be for such accounts as set forth in the applicable Intersyndicate Agreement. Any Securities or Other Securities which may have been purchased by the Manager for stabilizing purposes in connection with the Offering prior to the acceptance of the applicable AAU will be treated as having been purchased pursuant to this Section 5.1 for the accounts of the several Underwriters or, in the case of an International Offering, for such accounts as are set forth in the applicable Intersyndicate Agreement. Your net commitment pursuant to the foregoing authorization will not exceed at the close of business on any day an amount equal to 20% of your Underwriting Percentage of the aggregate initial Offering Price of the Firm Securities, it being understood that, in calculating such net commitment, the initial Offering Price will be used with respect to the Securities so purchased or

 

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sold and, in the case of all Other Securities, will be the purchase price thereof. For purposes of determining your net commitment for short account ( i.e ., “naked short”), any short position that can be covered with: (a) Securities that may be purchased upon exercise of any option to purchase Additional Securities then exercisable, (b) in the case of an International Offering, any Securities or Other Securities that the Manager has agreed to purchase for your account pursuant to any applicable Intersyndicate Agreement, and (c) Securities that may be purchased pursuant to a forward sale contract or similar arrangement with the Issuer or any selling security holder in the Offering, will be disregarded. On demand you will take up and pay for any Securities or Other Securities so purchased for your account and any Securities released to you pursuant to Section 3.7 hereof, and will deliver to the Manager against payment any Securities or Other Securities so sold or over-allotted for your account or released to you. The Manager will notify you if it engages in any stabilization transaction in accordance with Rule 17a-2 under the 1934 Act, and will notify you of the date of termination of stabilization. You will not stabilize or engage in any syndicate covering transaction (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the 1934 Act (“ Regulation M ”)) in connection with the Offering without the prior consent of the Manager. You will provide to the Manager any reports required of you pursuant to Rule 17a-2 under the 1934 Act not later than the date specified therein.

5.2. Penalty with Respect to Securities Repurchased by the Manager . If pursuant to the provisions of Section 5.1 hereof and prior to the termination of the Manager’s authority to cover any short position incurred under the applicable AAU or such other date as the Manager may specify in a Wire, either: (a) the Manager purchases or contracts to purchase for the account of any Underwriter in the open market or otherwise any Securities which were retained by, or released to, you for direct sale or any Securities sold pursuant to Section 3.4 hereof for which you received a portion of the Selling Concession set forth in the applicable AAU, or any Securities which may have been issued on transfer or in exchange for such Securities, and which Securities were therefore not effectively placed for investment, or (b) if the Manager has advised you by Wire that trading in the Securities will be reported to the Manager pursuant to the “Initial Public Offering Tracking System” of The Depository Trust Company (“ DTC ”) and the Manager determines, based on notices from DTC, that your customers sold a number or amount of Securities during any day that exceeds the number or amount previously notified to you by Wire, then you authorize the Manager either to charge your account with an amount equal to such portion of the Selling Concession set forth in the applicable AAU received by you with respect to such Securities or, in the case of clause (b), such Securities as exceed the number or amount specified in such Wire, or to require you to repurchase such Securities or, in the case of clause (b), such Securities as exceed the number or amount specified in such Wire, at a price equal to the total cost of such purchase, including transfer taxes, accrued interest, dividends, and commissions, if any.

5.3. Compliance with Regulation M . You represent that, at all times since you were invited to participate in the Offering, you have complied with the provisions of Regulation M applicable to the Offering, in each case as interpreted by the Commission and after giving effect to any applicable exemptions. If you have been notified in a Wire that the Underwriters may conduct passive market making in compliance with Rule 103 of Regulation M in connection with the Offering, you represent that, at all times since your receipt of such Wire, you have complied with the provisions of such Rule applicable to such Offering, as interpreted by the Commission and after giving effect to any applicable exemptions. You will comply with any additional provisions of Regulation M if and to the extent set forth in the Invitation Wire or other Wire.

 

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5.4. Standby Underwritings . You authorize the Manager in its discretion, at any time on, or from time to time prior to, the expiration of the conversion right of convertible securities identified in the applicable AAU in the case of securities called for redemption, or the expiration of rights to acquire securities in the case of rights offerings, for which, in either case, standby underwriting arrangements have been made: (i) to purchase convertible securities or rights to acquire Securities for your account, in the open market or otherwise, on such terms as the Manager determines, and to convert convertible securities or exercise rights so purchased; and (ii) to offer and sell the underlying common stock or depositary shares for your account, in the open market or otherwise, for long or short account (for purposes of such commitment, such common stock or depositary shares being considered the equivalent of convertible securities or rights), on such terms consistent with the terms of the Offering set forth in the Prospectus or Offering Circular as the Manager determines. On demand, you will take up and pay for any securities so purchased for your account or you will deliver to the Manager against payment any securities so sold, as the case may be. During such period, you may offer and sell the underlying common stock or depositary shares, but only at prices set by the Manager from time to time, and any such sales will be subject to the Manager’s right to sell to you the underlying common stock or depositary shares as above provided and to the Manager’s right to reserve your securities purchased, received, or to be received upon conversion. You agree not to otherwise bid for, purchase, or attempt to induce others to purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any convertible securities or rights or underlying common stock or depositary shares, provided, however , that no Underwriter will be prohibited from: (a) selling underlying common stock owned beneficially by such Underwriter on the day the convertible securities were first called for redemption, (b) converting convertible securities owned beneficially by such Underwriter on such date or selling underlying common stock issued upon conversion of convertible securities so owned, (c) exercising rights owned beneficially by such Underwriter on the record date for a rights offering, or selling the underlying common stock or depositary shares issued upon exercise of rights so owned, or (d) purchasing or selling convertible securities or rights or underlying common stock or depositary shares as a broker pursuant to unsolicited orders.

VI. PAYMENT AND SETTLEMENT

You will deliver to the Manager on the date and at the place and time specified in the applicable AAU (or on such later date and at such place and time as may be specified by the Manager in a subsequent Wire) the funds specified in the applicable AAU, payable to the order of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, for: (a) an amount equal to the Offering Price plus (if not included in the Offering Price) accrued interest, amortization of original issue discount or dividends, if any, specified in the Prospectus or Offering Circular, less the applicable Selling Concession in respect of the Firm Securities to be purchased by you, (b) an amount equal to the Offering Price plus (if not included in the Offering Price) accrued interest, amortization of original issue discount or dividends, if any, specified in the Prospectus or Offering Circular, less the applicable Selling Concession in respect of such of the Firm Securities to be purchased by you as will have been retained by or released to you for direct sale as contemplated by Section 3.6 hereof, or (c) the amount set forth or indicated in the applicable AAU, as the Manager will advise. You will make similar payment as the Manager may direct for Additional Securities, if

 

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any, to be purchased by you on the date specified by the Manager for such payment. The Manager will make payment to the Issuer or Seller against delivery to the Manager for your account of the Securities to be purchased by you, and the Manager will deliver to you the Securities paid for by you which will have been retained by or released to you for direct sale. If the Manager determines that transactions in the Securities are to be settled through DTC or another clearinghouse facility and payment in the settlement currency is supported by such facility, payment for and delivery of Securities purchased by you will be made through such facilities, if you are a participant, or, if you are not a participant, settlement will be made through your ordinary correspondent who is a participant.

VII. EXPENSES

7.1. Management Fee . You authorize the Manager to charge your account as compensation for the Manager’s and Co-Managers’ services in connection with the Offering, including the purchase from the Issuer or Seller of the Securities, as the case may be, and the management of the Offering, the amount, if any, set forth as the management fee, global coordinators’ fee, praecipium, or other similar fee in the applicable AAU. Such amount will be divided among the Manager and any Co-Managers named in the applicable AAU as they may determine. Each Underwriter acknowledges that such fees are being paid by the Underwriters, and are not a benefit received directly or indirectly from the Issuer of the type referred to in Section 11(e) of the 1933 Act.

7.2. Offering Expenses . You authorize the Manager to charge your account with your Underwriting Percentage of all expenses agreed to be paid by the Underwriters in the Underwriting Agreement and all expenses of a general nature incurred by the Manager and Co-Managers under the applicable AAU in connection with the Offering, including the negotiation and preparation thereof, or in connection with the purchase, carrying, marketing, sale and distribution of any securities under the applicable AAU and any Intersyndicate Agreement, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, transfer taxes, costs associated with approval of the Offering by FINRA, and the costs of currency transactions (including forward and hedging currency transactions) or, if permitted pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof, any other forward or hedging transactions (including interest rate swaps) entered into to facilitate settlement of the purchase of Securities permitted hereunder.

VIII. MANAGEMENT OF SECURITIES AND FUNDS

8.1. Advances; Loans; Pledges . You authorize the Manager to advance the Manager’s own funds for your account, charging current interest rates, and to arrange loans for your account for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the applicable AAU and any Intersyndicate Agreement, and in connection therewith, to hold or pledge as security therefor all or any securities which the Manager may be holding for your account under the applicable AAU and any Intersyndicate Agreement, to execute and deliver any notes or other instruments evidencing such advances or loans, and to give all instructions to the lenders with respect to any such loans and the proceeds thereof. The obligations of the Underwriters under loans arranged on their behalf will be several in proportion to their respective Original Underwriting Obligations, and not joint. Any lender is authorized to accept the Manager’s instructions as to the disposition of the proceeds of any such loans. In the event of any such advance or loan, repayment thereof will, in the discretion of the Manager, be effected prior to making any remittance or delivery pursuant to Section 8.2, 8.3, or 9.2 hereof.

 

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8.2. Return of Amount Paid for Securities . Out of payment received by the Manager for Securities sold for your account which have been paid for by you, the Manager will remit to you promptly an amount equal to the price paid by you for such Securities.

8.3. Delivery and Redelivery of Securities for Carrying Purposes . The Manager may deliver to you from time to time prior to the termination of the applicable AAU pursuant to Section 9.1 hereof against payment, for carrying purposes only, any Securities or Other Securities purchased by you under the applicable AAU or any Intersyndicate Agreement which the Manager is holding for sale for your account but which are not sold and paid for. You will redeliver to the Manager against payment any Securities or Other Securities delivered to you for carrying purposes at such times as the Manager may demand.

IX. TERMINATION; INDEMNIFICATION; CONTRIBUTION; SETTLEMENT

9.1. Termination . Each AAU will terminate at the close of business on the later of: (a) the date on which the Underwriters pay the Issuer or Seller for the Securities, and (b) 45 calendar days after the applicable Offering Date, unless sooner terminated by the Manager. The Manager may at its discretion by notice to you prior to the termination of such AAU alter any of the terms or conditions of the Offering to the extent permitted by Articles III and IV hereof, or terminate or suspend the effectiveness of Article V hereof, or any part thereof. No termination or suspension pursuant to this paragraph will affect the Manager’s authority under Section 3.1 hereof to take actions in respect of the Offering or under Article V hereof to cover any short position incurred under such AAU or in connection with covering any such short position to require you to repurchase Securities as specified in Section 5.2 hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, unless otherwise agreed in a Wire or an Intersyndicate Agreement, the Manager’s authority to purchase Securities or Other Securities, for long account, pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, will terminate or be suspended upon the termination or suspension, as the case may be, of the applicable AAU (or any provision and/or term thereof in respect of trading, price or offering restrictions as set forth in a Wire that is sent by the Manager following the time the Securities are released for sale to purchasers) or Article V or Section 5.1 hereof pursuant to this paragraph.

9.2. Delivery or Sale of Securities; Settlement of Accounts . Upon termination of each AAU, or prior thereto at the Manager’s discretion, the Manager will deliver to you any Securities paid for by you pursuant to Article VI hereof and held by the Manager for sale pursuant to Section 3.4 or 3.5 hereof but not sold and paid for and any Securities or Other Securities that are held by the Manager for your account pursuant to the provisions of Article V hereof or any Intersyndicate Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the termination of such AAU, if the aggregate initial Offering Price of any such Securities and the aggregate purchase price of any Other Securities so held and not sold and paid for does not exceed an amount equal to 20% of the aggregate initial Offering Price of the Securities, the Manager may, in its discretion, sell such Securities and Other Securities for the accounts of the several Underwriters, at such prices, on such terms, at such times, and in such manner as it may determine. Within the period specified by applicable FINRA Rules or, if no period is so specified, as soon as practicable after termination of such AAU, your account will be settled and

 

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paid. The Manager may reserve from distribution such amount as the Manager deems advisable to cover possible additional expenses. The determination by the Manager of the amount so to be paid to or by you will be final and conclusive. Any of your funds under the Manager’s control may be held with the Manager’s general funds without accountability for interest.

Notwithstanding any provision of this Master AAU other than Section 10.11 hereof, upon termination of each AAU, or prior thereto at the Manager’s discretion, the Manager may: (i) allocate to the accounts of the Underwriters the expenses described in Section 7.2 hereof and any losses incurred upon the sale of Securities or Other Securities pursuant to the applicable AAU or any Intersyndicate Agreement (including any losses incurred upon the sale of securities referred to in Section 5.4(ii) hereof), (ii) deliver to the Underwriters any unsold Securities or Other Securities purchased pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof or any Intersyndicate Agreement, and (iii) deliver to the Underwriters any unsold Securities purchased pursuant to the applicable Underwriting Agreement, in each case in the Manager’s discretion. The only limitations on such discretion will be as follows: (a) no Underwriter that is not the Manager or a Co-Manager will bear more than its share of such expenses, losses, or Securities (such share will not exceed such Underwriter’s Underwriting Percentage and will be determined pro rata among all such Underwriters based on their Underwriting Percentages), (b) no such Underwriter will receive Securities that, together with any Securities purchased by such Underwriter pursuant to Article VI (but excluding any Securities that such Underwriter is required to repurchase pursuant to Section 5.2 hereof) exceed such Underwriter’s Original Underwriting Obligation, and (c) no Co-Manager will bear more than its share of such expenses, losses, or Securities (such share to be determined pro rata among the Manager and all Co-Managers based on their Underwriting Percentages). If any Securities or Other Securities returned to you pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) above were not paid for by you pursuant to Article VI hereof, you will pay to the Manager an amount per security equal to the amount set forth in clause (i) of Article VI, in the case of Securities returned to you pursuant to clause (iii) above, or the purchase price of such securities, in the case of Securities or Other Securities returned to you pursuant to clause (ii) above.

9.3. Certain Other Expenses . You will pay your Underwriting Percentage of: (i) all expenses incurred by the Manager in investigating, preparing to defend, and defending against any action, claim, or proceeding which is asserted, threatened, or instituted by any party, including any governmental or regulatory body (each, an “ Action ”), relating to: (A) the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus (and any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Offering Circular or Offering Circular (and any amendment or supplement thereto), any Supplemental Materials, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, and any ABS Underwriter Derived Information used by any Underwriter other than the Manager, (B) the violation of any applicable restrictions on the offer, sale, resale, or purchase of Securities or Other Securities imposed by U.S. Federal or state laws or non-U.S. laws and the rules and regulations of any regulatory body promulgated thereunder or pursuant to the terms of the applicable AAU, the Underwriting Agreement, or any Intersyndicate Agreement, and (C) any claim that the Underwriters constitute a partnership, an association, or an unincorporated business or other separate entity, and (ii) any Losses (as defined in Section 9.4 hereof) incurred by the Manager in respect of any such Action, whether such Loss will be the result of a judgment or arbitrator’s determination or as a result of any settlement agreed to by the Manager. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you will not be required to pay your Underwriting Percentage of any such expense or liability: (1) to the extent

 

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that such expense or liability was caused by the Manager’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction; (2) as to which, and to the extent, the Manager actually receives (a) indemnity pursuant to Section 9.4 hereof, (b) contribution pursuant to Section 9.5 hereof, (c) indemnity or contribution pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, or (d) damages from an Underwriter for breach of its representations, warranties, agreements, or covenants contained in the applicable AAU; or (3) of the Manager (other than fees of Syndicate Counsel) that relates to a settlement entered into by the Manager on a basis that results in a settlement of such Action against it and fewer than all the Underwriters. None of the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.3 will relieve any defaulting or breaching Underwriter from liability for its defaults or breach. Failure of any party to give notice under Section 9.10 hereof will not relieve any Underwriter of an obligation to pay expenses pursuant to the provisions of this Section 9.3.

9.4. Indemnification . Notwithstanding any settlement or the termination of the applicable AAU, you agree to indemnify and hold harmless each other Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any such Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act (each, an “ Indemnified Party ”), to the extent and upon the terms which you agree to indemnify and hold harmless any of the Issuer, the Guarantor, the Seller, any person controlling the Issuer, the Guarantor, the Seller, its directors, and, in the case of a Registered Offering, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and, in the case of an Offering other than a Registered Offering, its officers, in each case as set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. You further agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Party from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and expenses not reimbursed pursuant to Section 9.3 hereof (collectively, “ Losses ”) related to, arising out of, or in connection with the breach or violation by you of the terms of Section 3.3 hereof, including any and all Losses under Section 5 of the 1933 Act, and any litigation, investigation, and proceeding (collectively, “ Litigation ”) relating to any of the foregoing. You will also reimburse each such Indemnified Party upon demand for all expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they are incurred, in connection with investigating, preparing for, or defending any of the foregoing. You will indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Party from and against any and all Losses related to, arising out of, or in connection with, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus, Manager-Approved Communication or Supplemental Material used by you, or any research report in the form of a written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act) used by you in reliance upon the penultimate sentence of Section 2(a)(3) of the 1933 Act prior to completion of the distribution of an initial public offering (a “ Written Research Report ”), or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and any Litigation relating to any of the foregoing, and to reimburse each such Indemnified Party upon demand for all expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they are incurred, in connection with investigating, preparing for, or defending any of the foregoing. In addition, you will indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Party from and against any and all Losses related to, arising out of, or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any ABS Underwriter Derived Information used by you, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and any Litigation relating to any of the foregoing, and to reimburse each such Indemnified Party upon demand for all expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they

 

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are incurred, in connection with investigating, preparing for, or defending any of the foregoing; provided, however , that any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Underwriter, arising out of or based upon any ABS Underwriter Derived Information which was used only by such Underwriter, or in connection with the preparation of which an Underwriter is found to have acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, will be paid solely by such Underwriter.

Each Underwriter will further indemnify and hold harmless any investment banking firm identified in a Wire as the qualified independent underwriter as defined in FINRA Rule 5121 or any successor rule thereto (in such capacity, a “ QIU ”) for an Offering and each person, if any, who controls such QIU within the meaning of either Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, from and against any and all Losses related to, arising out of, or in connection with such investment banking firm’s activities as QIU for the Offering. Each Underwriter will reimburse such QIU for all expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they are incurred, in connection with investigating, preparing for, and defending any Action related to, arising out of, or in connection with such QIU’s activities as a QIU for the Offering. Each Underwriter will be responsible for its Underwriting Percentage of any amount due to such QIU on account of the foregoing indemnity and reimbursement. Such QIU will have no additional liability to any Underwriter or otherwise as a result of its serving as QIU in connection with the Offering. To the extent the indemnification provided to a QIU under this Section 9.4 is unavailable to such QIU or is insufficient in respect of any Losses related thereto, whether as a matter of law or public policy or as a result of the default of any Underwriter in performing its obligations under this Section 9.4, each other Underwriter will contribute to the amount paid or payable by such QIU as a result of such Losses related thereto in proportion to its Underwriting Percentage.

For the avoidance of doubt, references to an “Underwriter” or “you” in this Section 9.4 shall include the Manager in its role as an Underwriter.

9.5. Contribution . Notwithstanding any settlement or the termination of the applicable AAU, you will pay upon request of the Manager, as contribution, your Underwriting Percentage of any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Indemnified Party to any person other than an Indemnified Party, arising out of or in connection with the breach or violation of the terms of Section 3.3 hereof, including any and all Losses under Section 5 of the 1933 Act, and any Litigation relating to the foregoing. Further, you will pay upon request of the Manager, as contribution, your Underwriting Percentage of any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Indemnified Party to any person other than an Indemnified Party, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus (and any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Offering Circular or Offering Circular (and any amendment or supplement thereto), any Supplemental Materials, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, any other materials prepared or used by an Underwriter in accordance with Section 3.3 hereof, or any Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus, Manager-Approved Communication or Written Research Report, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (other than an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information

 

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furnished to the Company In Writing by the Underwriter on whose behalf the request for contribution is being made expressly for use therein), or any act or omission to act or any alleged act or omission to act by the Manager or, if applicable, a Representative, as the Manager or a Representative, in connection with any transaction contemplated by this Agreement or undertaken in preparing for the purchase, sale, and delivery of the Securities (provided, that you will not be required to pay in any such case to the extent that any such Loss resulted from the Manager’s or such Representative’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction), and your Underwriting Percentage of any legal or other expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they are incurred, reasonably incurred by the Indemnified Party (with the approval of the Manager) on whose behalf the request for contribution is being made in connection with investigating or defending any such Loss or any action in respect thereof; provided, however , that no request will be made on behalf of any Indemnified Party guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) from any Indemnified Party who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act); provided, further , that any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Indemnified Party, arising out of or based upon an Underwriter’s Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus, Manager-Approved Communication, Written Research Report or Supplemental Material, will be paid by only the Underwriters that used such Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus, Manager-Approved Communication, Written Research Report or Supplemental Material, as the case may be (the “ Contributing Underwriters ”), and the amount to be paid by each Contributing Underwriter will be determined pro rata among the Contributing Underwriters based on their Underwriting Percentages. None of the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.5 will relieve any defaulting or breaching Underwriter from liability for its defaults or breach.

In addition, you will pay upon request of the Manager, as contribution, your Underwriting Percentage of any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Indemnified Party to any person other than an Indemnified Party, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any ABS Underwriter Derived Information, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (other than an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished to the Company In Writing by the Underwriter on whose behalf the request for contribution is being made expressly for use therein) and your Underwriting Percentage of any expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel, as they are incurred, reasonably incurred by the Indemnified Party (with the approval of the Manager) on whose behalf the request for contribution is being made in connection with investigating, preparing for, or defending any such Loss or any action in respect thereof; provided, however , that any Losses, joint or several, paid or incurred by any Underwriter, arising out of or based upon any ABS Underwriter Derived Information which was used only by such Underwriter, or in connection with the preparation of which the Underwriter is found to have acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, will be paid solely by the Underwriter.

For the avoidance of doubt, references to an “Underwriter” or “you” in this Section 9.5 shall include the Manager in its role as an Underwriter.

 

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9.6. Separate Counsel . If any Action is asserted or commenced pursuant to which the indemnity provided in Section 9.4 hereof or the right of contribution provided in Section 9.5 hereof may apply, the Manager may take such action in connection therewith as it deems necessary or desirable, including retention of counsel for the Underwriters (“ Syndicate Counsel ”), and in its discretion separate counsel for any particular Underwriter or group of Underwriters, and the fees and disbursements of any counsel so retained will be allocated among the several Underwriters as determined by the Manager. Any such Syndicate Counsel retained by the Manager will be counsel to the Underwriters as a group and, in the event that: (a) the Manager settles any Action on a basis that results in the settlement of such Action against it and fewer than all the Underwriters, or (b)(i) a conflict develops between the Manager and the other Underwriters, or (ii) differing defenses are available to the other Underwriters and not available to the Manager, and as a result of either (b)(i) or (b)(ii) such Syndicate Counsel concludes that it is unable to continue to represent the Manager and the other Underwriters, then in each such case, after notification to the Manager and the other Underwriters, Syndicate Counsel will remain counsel to the other Underwriters and will withdraw as counsel to the Manager. The Manager hereby consents to such arrangement and undertakes to take steps to: (i) ensure that any engagement letters with Syndicate Counsel are consistent with such arrangement; (ii) issue a notice to all other Underwriters promptly following receipt of any advice (whether oral or written) from Syndicate Counsel regarding its inability to represent the Manager and the other Underwriters jointly; and (iii) facilitate Syndicate Counsel’s continued representation of the other Underwriters. Any Underwriter may elect to retain at its own expense its own counsel and, on advice of such counsel, may settle or consent to the settlement of any such Action, but only in compliance with Section 9.7 hereof, and in each case, only after notification to every other Underwriter. The Manager may settle or consent to the settlement of any such Action, but only in compliance with Section 9.7 hereof.

9.7. Settlement of Actions . Neither the Manager nor any other Underwriter party to this Master AAU may settle or agree to settle any Action related to or arising out of the Offering, nor may any other Underwriter settle or agree to settle any such Action without the consent of the Manager, nor may any other Underwriter seek the Manager’s consent to any such settlement agreement, nor may the Manager consent to any such settlement agreement, unless: (A) the Manager, together with such other Underwriters as constitute a majority in aggregate interest based on the Underwriting Percentage of the Underwriters as a whole (including the Manager’s interest), approve the settlement of such Action, in which case the Manager is authorized to settle for all Underwriters, provided, however , that the settlement agreement results in the settlement of the Action against all Underwriters raised by the plaintiffs party thereto; or (B) (i) such settlement agreement expressly provides that the non-settling Underwriters will be given a judgment credit (or credit in settlement) with respect to all such Actions for which the non-settling Underwriters may be found liable (or will pay in subsequent settlement), in an amount that is the greatest of: (x) the dollar amount paid in such initial settlement to settle such Actions, (y) the proportionate share of the settling Underwriter’s fault in respect of common damages arising in connection with such Actions as proven at trial, if applicable, or (z) the amount by which the settling Underwriter would have been required to make contribution had it not settled, under Sections 9.5 and 11.2 hereof in respect of the final non-appealable judgment (or settlement) subsequently entered into by the non-settling Underwriters (such greatest amount of

 

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either (x), (y), or (z), the “ Judgment Credit ”); 3 (ii) such settlement agreement expressly provides that in the event that the applicable court does not approve the Judgment Credit as part of the settlement, the settlement agreement will automatically terminate; and (iii) the final judgment entered with respect to the settlement agreement contains the Judgment Credit.

9.8. Survival. Except as set forth in the last sentence of Section 9.1, your agreements contained in Article V and Sections 3.1, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, and 11.2 hereof will remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any termination of an AAU and: (a) any termination of the Underwriting Agreement, (b) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any person controlling any Underwriter or by or on behalf of the Issuer, the Guarantor, the Seller, its directors or officers, or any person controlling the Issuer, the Guarantor or the Seller, and (c) acceptance of any payment for any Securities.

9.9. Replacement of Manager . If at any time after any Action is brought the Manager settles the Action on a basis that results in the settlement of such Action against it and fewer than all the Underwriters (whether or not such settlement complies with Section 9.7 hereof), the Manager will, at such time, for purposes of Sections 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, and 9.7 hereof, cease to be the Manager. The non-settling Underwriters will, by vote of holders of a majority of the Underwriting Percentage of such non-settling Underwriters, select a new Manager, which will become the new “ Manager ” for all purposes of Sections 9.3, 9.4., 9.5, 9.6, and 9.7 hereof as well as this section; provided that the non-settling Underwriter(s) with the largest Underwriting Percentage will act as Manager until such vote occurs and a new Manager is selected. 4

Notwithstanding such a settlement, the Manager and the other settling Underwriters will remain obligated to the non-settling Underwriters to assist and cooperate fully, in good faith, and at their own expense, in the defense of any Actions, including, without limitation, by providing, upon reasonable request of any non-settling Underwriter, and without the necessity of court process, access to or copies of all relevant records, and reasonable access to all witnesses under control of the Manager or the other settling Underwriters, for the purpose of interviews, depositions, and testimony at trial, subject in each case to the applicable legal and procedural obligations of such Manager and such other settling Underwriter.

 

3   Seeks to ensure that there is no harm to non-settling Underwriter due to settlement. For example, assume that plaintiffs have suffered $1,000 in damage in a case in which the Underwriters are 50% at fault and other defendants, all of whom are insolvent, are 50% at fault. Further assume that there were two Underwriters, each which underwrote 50% of the offering, and they were equally at fault. If neither Underwriter settles, then each would be required to pay $500 to satisfy the $1,000 verdict for which they are jointly and severally liable (or, if one paid $1,000, Section 9.5 would obligate the other to contribute $500 towards such payment). If the first Underwriter settles for $100, then the second Underwriter will obtain a judgment credit of $500, being equal to the greater of: (a) settlement amount ($100), (b) the first Underwriter’s fault ($250), and (c) the amount which the settling Underwriters would have been required to contribute under the contribution provisions ($500). This formula ensures that the second Underwriter is not harmed by the settlement. By contrast, the judgment credit applied in WorldCom ignored clause (c), resulting in a credit of only $250 and leading the non-settling Underwriter to pay $750, or $250 more than had the first Underwriter not settled.

 

4   Permits new Manager to replace settling Manager and manage the litigation–related provisions of this Agreement.

 

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In addition, if at any time, the Manager is unwilling or unable for any reason to assume or discharge its duties as Manager under the applicable AAU, whether resulting from its insolvency (voluntary or involuntary), resignation or otherwise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the remaining Underwriters will, by vote of holders of a majority of the Underwriting Percentage of such Underwriters, be entitled to select a new Manager, which will become the new Manager for all purposes under this Agreement. 5

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Manager replaced pursuant to this Section 9.9 shall continue to benefit from and be subject to all other terms and conditions of this Agreement applicable to an Underwriter.

9.10. Notice . When the Manager receives notice of the assertion of any Action to which the provisions of Sections 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, or 9.7 hereof would apply, it will give prompt notice thereof to each Underwriter, and whenever an Underwriter receives notice of the assertion of any claim or commencement of any Action to which the provisions of Sections 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, or 9.7 hereof would apply, such Underwriter will give prompt notice thereof to the Manager. The Manager also will furnish each Underwriter with periodic reports, at such times as it deems appropriate, as to the status of such Action, and the actions taken by it in connection therewith. If the Manager or any other Underwriter engages in any settlement discussion that involves or contemplates settlement on any basis other than settlement of all Actions against all Underwriters on a pro rata basis according to their Underwriting Percentages, the Manager (or other Underwriter engaging in such discussions) will notify all other Underwriters promptly and provide reasonable details about such discussions.

X. REPRESENTATIONS AND COVENANTS OF UNDERWRITERS

10.1. Knowledge of Offering . You acknowledge that it is your responsibility to examine the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or the Offering Circular, as the case may be, any amendment or supplement thereto relating to the Offering, any Preliminary Prospectus or Preliminary Offering Circular, and the material, if any, incorporated by reference therein, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Supplemental Materials, and any ABS Underwriter Derived Information, and you will familiarize yourself with the terms of the Securities, any applicable Indenture, and the other terms of the Offering thereof which are to be reflected in the Prospectus or the Offering Circular, as the case may be, and the applicable AAU and Underwriting Agreement. The Manager is authorized, with the advice of counsel for the Underwriters, to approve on your behalf any amendments or supplements to the documents described in the preceding sentence.

10.2. Accuracy of Underwriters’ Information . You confirm that the information that you have given and are deemed to have given in response to the Underwriters’ Questionnaire attached as Exhibit A hereto (and to any other questions addressed to you in the Invitation Wire or other Wires), which information has been furnished to the Issuer for use in the Registration Statement, Prospectus, or Offering Circular, as the case may be, or has otherwise been relied upon in connection with the Offering, is complete and accurate. You will notify the Manager immediately of any development before the termination of the applicable AAU which makes untrue or incomplete any information that you have given or are deemed to have given in response to the Underwriters’ Questionnaire (or such other questions).

 

5   Permits new Manager to replace insolvent Manager and manage all aspects of this MAAU.

 

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10.3. Name; Address . Unless you have promptly notified the Manager In Writing otherwise, your name as it should appear in the Registration Statement, Prospectus or Offering Circular and any advertisement, if different, and your address, are as set forth on the signature pages hereof.

10.4. Compliance with Capital Requirements . You represent that your commitment to purchase the Securities will not result in a violation of the financial responsibility requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the 1934 Act or of any similar provision of any applicable rules of any securities exchange to which you are subject or, if you are a financial institution subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System, the U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, or the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, will not place you in violation of any applicable capital requirements or restrictions of such regulator or any other regulator to which you are subject.

10.5. FINRA Requirements . (A) You represent that you are a member in good standing of FINRA, or a non-U.S. bank, broker, dealer, or institution not eligible for membership in FINRA or a Bank.

(i) If you are a member of FINRA, you will comply with all applicable rules of FINRA in respect of any Offering of Securities, including, without limitation, the requirements of FINRA Rules 5110, 5121, 5130, 5131 and 5141 (to the extent any or all such rules are applicable to the particular Offering).

(ii) If you are a non-U.S. bank, broker, dealer, or other non-U.S. institution not eligible for membership in FINRA, you represent that you are not required to be registered as a broker or dealer under the 1934 Act and you will not make any offers or sales of the Securities in, or to nationals or residents of, the United States, its territories, or its possessions, except to the extent permitted by Rule 15a-6 under the 1934 Act (or any successor rule thereto adopted by the SEC). In making any offers or sales of the Securities you also agree to comply with the requirements of the following FINRA rules (including any successor rules thereto adopted by FINRA): (a) to the extent that you are acting, in respect of offers or sales of the Securities, as a “conduit” for, or are receiving in connection with such offers and sales any selling commissions, discounts, allowances or other compensation from, or are otherwise being directed with respect to allocations or disposition of the Securities by, a FINRA member, FINRA Rule 5130 and FINRA Rule 5141 as though you are a member of FINRA, and (b) NASD Conduct Rule 2420(c), as that Rule applies to a non-member broker/dealer in a non-U.S. country.

(iii) If you are a Bank, you agree that (a) to the extent you are acting, in respect of offers or sales of the Securities, as a “conduit” for, or are receiving in connection with such offers and sales any selling commissions, discounts,

 

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allowances or other compensation from, or are otherwise being directed with respect to allocations or disposition of the Securities by, a FINRA member, you will comply with FINRA Rules 5130 and 5141 as though you are a member of FINRA, and (b) you will not accept any portion of the management fee paid by the Underwriters with respect to any Offering or, in connection with any Offering of Securities that do not constitute “exempted securities” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(12) of the 1934 Act, or purchase any Securities at a discount from the offering price from any Underwriter or Dealer or otherwise accept any Fees and Commissions from any Underwriter or Dealer, which in any such case is not permitted under FINRA rules (including, without limitation, NASD Conduct Rule 2420 or any successor rule thereto adopted by FINRA) or would subject you to registration and regulation as a “broker” or “dealer” under Section 3(a)(4) or 3(a)(5) of the 1934 Act.

(B) With respect to any Offering of Securities that constitutes a “new issue” under FINRA Rule 5131, you agree that, with respect to any Securities trading at a premium to the public offering price that are returned by a purchaser (the “ Returned Securities ”) to you after secondary market trading commences, you will promptly consult with the Manager or Co-Manager that has been appointed to manage the syndicate short position for that Offering (the “ Designated Syndicate Agent ”) to determine the appropriate treatment of the Returned Securities under FINRA Rule 5131(d)(3), and agree to (i) return the Returned Securities to the Designated Syndicate Agent if directed to do so by that entity, or (ii) if no such direction has been provided by the Designated Syndicate Agent, to comply with the provisions of FINRA Rule 5131(d)(3)(B) with respect to the disposition of the Returned Securities.

10.6. Further State Notice . The Manager will file a Further State Notice with the Department of State of New York, if required.

10.7. Compliance with Rule 15c2-8 . In the case of a Registered Offering and any other Offering to which the provisions of Rule 15c2-8 under the 1934 Act are made applicable pursuant to the AAU or otherwise, you will comply with such Rule in connection with the Offering. In the case of an Offering other than a Registered Offering, you will comply with applicable Federal and state laws and the applicable rules and regulations of any regulatory body promulgated thereunder governing the use and distribution of offering circulars by underwriters.

10.8. Discretionary Accounts . In the case of a Registered Offering of Securities issued by an Issuer that was not, immediately prior to the filing of the Registration Statement, subject to the requirements of Section 13(d) or 15(d) of the 1934 Act, you will not make sales to any account over which you exercise discretionary authority in connection with such sale, except as otherwise permitted by the applicable AAU for such Offering.

10.9. Offering Restrictions . You will not make any offers or sales of Securities or any Other Securities in jurisdictions outside the United States except under circumstances that will result in compliance with (i) applicable laws, including private placement requirements, in each such jurisdiction and (ii) the restrictions on offers or sales set forth in any AAU or the Prospectus, Preliminary Prospectus, Offering Circular, or Preliminary Offering Circular, as the case may be.

 

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It is understood that, except as specified in the Prospectus or Offering Circular or applicable AAU, no action has been taken by the Manager, the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller to permit you to offer Securities in any jurisdiction other than the United States, in the case of a Registered Offering, where action would be required for such purpose.

10.10. Representations, Warranties, and Agreements . You will make to each other Underwriter participating in an Offering the same representations, warranties, and agreements, if any, made by the Underwriters to the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller in the applicable Underwriting Agreement or any Intersyndicate Agreement, and you authorize the Manager to make such representations, warranties, and agreements to the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller on your behalf.

10.11. Limitation on the Authority of the Manager to Purchase and Sell Securities for the Account of Certain Underwriters . Notwithstanding any provision of this AAU authorizing the Manager to purchase or sell any Securities or Other Securities (including arranging for the sale of Contract Securities) or over-allot in arranging sales of Securities for the accounts of the several Underwriters, the Manager may not, in connection with the Offering of any Securities, make any such purchases, sales, and/or over-allotments for the account of any Underwriter that, not later than its acceptance of the Invitation Wire relating to such Offering, has advised the Manager that, due to its status as, or relationship to, a bank or bank holding company such purchases, sales, and/or over-allotments are prohibited by applicable law. If any Underwriter so advises the Manager, the Manager may allocate any such purchases, sales, and over-allotments (and the related expenses) which otherwise would have been allocated to your account based on your respective Underwriting Percentage to your account based on the ratio of your Original Underwriting Obligation to the Original Underwriting Obligations of all Underwriters other than the advising Underwriter or Underwriters, or in such other manner as the Manager will determine.

10.12. Agreement Regarding Oral Due Diligence . By participating in an Offering, each Underwriter agrees that it, each of its affiliates participating in an Offering as Underwriter or financial intermediary and each controlling person of it and each such participating affiliate are bound by the Agreement Regarding Oral Due Diligence currently in effect between Merrill Lynch and the accounting firm or firms that participate in oral due diligence in such offering.

XI. DEFAULTING UNDERWRITERS

11.1. Effect of Termination . If the Underwriting Agreement is terminated as permitted by the terms thereof, your obligations hereunder with respect to the Offering of the Securities will immediately terminate except: (a) as set forth in Section 9.8 hereof, (b) that you will remain liable for your Underwriting Percentage (or such other percentage as may be specified pursuant to Section 9.2 hereof) of all expenses, and for any purchases or sales which may have been made for your account pursuant to the provisions of Article V hereof or any Intersyndicate Agreement, and (c) that such termination will not affect any obligations of any defaulting or breaching Underwriter.

11.2. Sharing of Liability . If any Underwriter defaults in its obligations: (a) pursuant to Section 5.1, 5.2 or 5.4 hereof, (b) to pay amounts charged to its account pursuant to Section

 

24


7.1, 7.2, or 8.1 hereof, or (c) pursuant to Section 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, or 11.1 hereof, you will assume your proportionate share (determined on the basis of the respective Underwriting Percentages of the non-defaulting Underwriters) of such obligations, but no such assumption will relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability to the non-defaulting Underwriters, the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller for its default.

11.3. Arrangements for Purchases . The Manager is authorized to arrange for the purchase by others (including the Manager or any other Underwriter) of any Securities not purchased by any defaulting Underwriter in accordance with the terms of the applicable Underwriting Agreement or, if the applicable Underwriting Agreement does not provide arrangements for defaulting Underwriters, in the discretion of the Manager. If such arrangements are made, the respective amounts of Securities to be purchased by the remaining Underwriters and such other person or persons, if any, will be taken as the basis for all rights and obligations hereunder, but this will not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

XII. MISCELLANEOUS

12.1. Obligations Several . Nothing contained in this Master AAU or any AAU constitutes you partners with the Manager or with the other Underwriters, and the obligations of you and each of the other Underwriters are several and not joint. Each Underwriter elects to be excluded from the application of Subchapter K, Chapter 1, Subtitle A, of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Each Underwriter authorizes the Manager, on behalf of such Underwriter, to execute such evidence of such election as may be required by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

12.2. Liability of Manager . The Manager will not be liable to you for any act or omission, except for obligations expressly assumed by the Manager in the applicable AAU.

12.3. Termination of Master AAU . This Master AAU may be terminated by either party hereto upon five business days’ written notice to the other party; provided, however , that with respect to any Offering for which an AAU was sent prior to such notice, this Master AAU as it applies to such Offering will remain in full force and effect and will terminate with respect to such Offering in accordance with Section 9.1 hereof.

12.4. Governing Law . This Master AAU and each AAU will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed in the State, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law. You hereby irrevocably: (a) submit to the jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York located in the City of New York or the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of the State of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, or other proceeding arising out of this Master AAU, or any of the agreements or transactions contemplated hereby (each, a “ Proceeding ”), (b) agree that all claims in respect of any Proceeding may be heard and determined in any such court, (c) waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any immunity from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process therein, (d) agree not to commence any Proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claim that such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum.

 

25


12.5. Amendments . This Master AAU may be amended from time to time by consent of the parties hereto. Your consent will be deemed to have been given to an amendment to this Master AAU, and such amendment will be effective, five business days following written notice to you of such amendment if you do not notify us In Writing prior to the close of business on such fifth business day that you do not consent to such amendment. Upon effectiveness, the provisions of this Master AAU as so amended will apply to each AAU thereafter entered into, except as otherwise specifically provided in any such AAU.

12.6. Notices . Any notice to any Underwriter will be deemed to have been duly given if mailed, sent by wire, telecopy or electronic transmission or other written communication, or delivered in person to such Underwriter at the address set forth in its Underwriters’ Questionnaire, or if no address is provided in an Underwriters’ Questionnaire, then at the address set forth in reports filed by such Underwriter with FINRA. Any such notice will take effect upon receipt thereof.

12.7. Severability . In case any provision in this Master AAU is deemed invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

12.8. Counterparts . This Master AAU may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be deemed to be an original, and all of which taken together constitute one and the same instrument. Transmission by telecopy of an executed counterpart of this Master AAU will constitute due and sufficient delivery of such counterpart.

 

26


Please confirm your acceptance of this Master AAU by signing and returning to us the enclosed duplicate copy hereof.

 

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH
INCORPORATED
By:  

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

  (Authorized Officer)

 

Confirmed and accepted

as of                           , 20     

 

(Legal Name of Underwriter)

 

(Address)  
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

  (Authorized Officer)

(If person signing is not an officer

or a partner, please attach instrument

of authorization)

 

27


GUIDE TO DEFINED TERMS

 

Term

   Section Reference  

1933 Act

     1.1   

1934 Act

     3.5   

AAU

     Foreword   

ABS Underwriter Derived Information

     2.1   

Action

     9.3   

Additional Securities

     1.1   

Bank

     3.5   

Co-Managers

     1.1   

Commission

     2.1   

Contract Securities

     3.1   

Contributing Underwriters

     9.5   

Dealer

     3.5   

Designated Syndicate Agent

     10.5   

DTC

     5.2   

Fees and Commissions

     1.1   

FINRA

     3.1   

Firm Securities

     1.1   

Free Writing Prospectus

     2.1   

Guarantor

     1.1   

In Writing

     1.2   

Indemnified Party

     9.4   

Indenture

     1.1   

International Offering

     1.1   

Intersyndicate Agreement

     2.3   

Invitation Wire

     Foreword   

Issuer

     1.1   

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus

     3.3   

Issuer Information

     3.3   

Judgment Credit

     9.7   

Litigation

     9.4   

Losses

     9.4   

Manager

     1.1   

Manager-Approved Communication

     3.3   

Master AAU

     Foreword   

Merrill Lynch

     Foreword   

NASD

     3.1   

Offering

     Foreword   

Offering Circular

     2.2   

Offering Date

     3.2   

Offering Price

     1.1   

Original Underwriting Obligation

     1.1   

Preliminary Offering Circular

     2.2   

Preliminary Prospectus

     2.1   

Pricing Date

     1.1   

 

28


Proceeding

     12.4   

Prospectus

     2.1   

Purchase Price

     1.1   

QIU

     9.4   

Reallowance

     1.1   

Registered Offering

     2.1   

Registration Statement

     2.1   

Regulation M

     5.1   

Representative

     1.1   

Returned Securities

     10.5   

Securities

     1.1   

Securities Offering Reform Release

     2.1   

Seller

     1.1   

Selling Concession

     1.1   

Settlement Date

     1.1   

Supplemental Materials

     3.3   

Syndicate Counsel

     9.6   

Trustee

     1.1   

Unauthorized Material

     3.3   

Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus

     3.3   

Underwriters

     1.1   

Underwriters’ Securities

     3.1   

Underwriting Agreement

     1.1   

Underwriting Percentage

     1.1   

Wire

     Foreword   

Written Research Report

     9.4   

Written Testing-the-Waters Communication

     3.3   

 

29


EXHIBIT A

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED

UNDERWRITERS’ QUESTIONNAIRE

In connection with each Offering governed by the Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated Master Agreement Among Underwriters dated July 9, 2012, except as otherwise indicated in a timely acceptance of the Invitation Wire pursuant to Section 1.2 of the Master Agreement Among Underwriters (“ Master AAU ”) or already expressly disclosed in the Preliminary Prospectus or Preliminary Offering Circular, as the case may be, each Underwriter participating in such Offering severally advises the Issuer and the other participating Underwriters (all capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein will have the meanings given to them in the Master AAU) as follows:

(a) neither such Underwriter nor any of its directors, officers, or partners have a material relationship, as “material” is defined in Regulation C under the 1933 Act, with the Issuer, the Guarantor, or the Seller;

(b) if the Registration Statement is on Form S-1, neither such Underwriter nor any “group” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of which such Underwriter is aware is the beneficial (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) owner of more than 5% of any class of voting securities of the Issuer or Guarantor, nor does such Underwriter have any knowledge that more than 5% of any class of voting securities of the Issuer or the Guarantor is held or to be held subject to any voting trust or other similar agreement, nor does such Underwriter have any knowledge that more than 5% of any class of voting securities of the Issuer or the Guarantor is held or to be held subject to any voting trust or other similar agreement;

(c) other than as may be stated in the Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated Master Agreement Among Underwriters dated July 9, 2012, the applicable AAU, the Intersyndicate Agreement or dealer agreement, if any, the Prospectus, the Registration Statement, or the Offering Circular, such Underwriter does not know and has no reason to believe that there is an intention to over-allot or that the price of any security may be stabilized to facilitate the offering of the Securities;

(d) other than as stated in the Invitation Wire, such Underwriter does not know of (i) any other discounts or commissions to be allowed or paid to the Underwriters or of any other items that would be deemed by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“ FINRA ”) to constitute underwriting compensation for purposes of FINRA Rule 5110, or (ii) any discounts or commissions to be allowed or paid to dealers, including all cash, securities, contracts, or other consideration to be received by any dealer in connection with the sale of the Securities;

(e) such Underwriter has not prepared any report or memorandum for external use in connection with the Offering;

 

A-1


(f) if the offer and sale of the Securities are to be registered under the 1933 Act pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 or Form F-1, such Underwriter has not within the past 12 months prepared or had prepared for such Underwriter any engineering, management, or similar report or memorandum relating to broad aspects of the business, operations, or products of the Issuer or the Guarantor. The immediately preceding sentence does not apply to reports solely comprised of recommendations to buy, sell, or hold the Issuer’s or the Guarantor’s securities, unless such recommendations have changed within the past six months, or to information already contained in documents filed with the Commission;

(g) in the case of Registered Offerings and Offerings of Securities exempt under Section 3 of the 1933 Act, such Underwriter does not have a “conflict of interest” with the Issuer or the Guarantor under FINRA Rule 5121. In that regard, such Underwriter specifically confirms that, at the time of such Underwriter’s participation in the subject Offering, (A) such Underwriter is not issuing the Securities in such Offering; (B) neither the Issuer nor the Guarantor controls, is controlled by or is under common control (as the terms “control” and “common control” are defined in FINRA Rule 5121(f)(6)) with such Underwriter or such Underwriter’s “associated persons” (as such term is defined by FINRA); (C) less than five percent of the net proceeds of the Offering, not including Fees and Commissions, are intended to be: (i) used to reduce or retire the balance of a loan or credit facility extended by such Underwriter, its “affiliates” and its “associated persons” (as such terms are defined by FINRA), in the aggregate; or (ii) otherwise directed to such Underwriter, its affiliates and associated persons, in the aggregate, and (D) as a result of such Offering and any transactions contemplated at the time of such Offering: (i) such Underwriter will not become an affiliate of the Issuer or Guarantor; (ii) such Underwriter will not become publicly owned; and (iii) the Issuer or Guarantor will not become a FINRA member or form a broker-dealer subsidiary. Furthermore, such Underwriter specifically confirms that such Underwriter does not, (a) beneficially own 10% or more of the Issuer’s or Guarantor’s outstanding “common equity,” “preferred equity” or “subordinated debt” (as each such term is defined in FINRA Rule 5121), including the right to receive such securities or subordinated debt within 60 days of such Underwriter’s participation in the Offering; (b) in the case of an Issuer or Guarantor which is a partnership, beneficially own a general, limited or special partnership interest in 10% or more of the Issuer’s or Guarantor’s distributable profits or losses, or a right to receive an interest in such distributable profits or losses within 60 days of such Underwriter’s participation in the Offering; or (c) have the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the Issuer or the Guarantor;

(h) other than as stated in the Invitation Wire, in the case of Registered Offerings and Offerings of Securities exempt under Section 3 of the 1933 Act, neither such Underwriter nor any of its directors, officers, partners, or “persons associated with” such Underwriter (as defined by FINRA) nor, to such Underwriter’s knowledge, any “related person” (defined by FINRA to include counsel, financial consultants and advisors, finders, members of the selling or distribution group, any FINRA member participating in the offering, and any other persons associated with or related to and members of the immediate family of any of the foregoing) or any other broker-dealer: (A)

 

A-2


within the last six months have purchased in private transactions, or intend before, at, or within six months after the commencement of the public offering of the Securities to purchase in private transactions, any securities of the Issuer, the Guarantor, or any Issuer Related Party (as hereinafter defined), (B) within the last 6 months have had any dealings with the Issuer, the Guarantor, any Seller, or any subsidiary or controlling person thereof (other than relating to the proposed Underwriting Agreement) as to which documents or information are required to be filed with FINRA, or (C) during the 6 months immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement (or, if there is none, the Offering Circular), have entered into any arrangement which provided or provides for the receipt of any item of value (including, but not limited to, cash payments, expense reimbursements and rights of first refusal to participate in a future public offering, private placement or other financing transaction) and/or the transfer of any warrants, options, or other securities from the Issuer, the Guarantor, or any Issuer Related Party to you or any related person;

(i) in the case of Registered Offerings and Offerings of Securities exempt under Section 3 of the 1933 Act, there is no association or affiliation between such Underwriter and; (A) any officer or director of the Issuer, the Guarantor or, any Issuer Related Party, or (B) any securityholder of 5% or more (or, in the case of an initial public offering of equity securities, any securityholder) of any class of securities of the Issuer, the Guarantor, or an Issuer Related Party; it being understood that for purposes of paragraph (i) above and this paragraph (j), the term “Issuer Related Party” includes any Seller, any affiliate of the Issuer, the Guarantor, or a Seller, and the officers or general partners, directors, employees, and securityholders thereof;

(j) in the case of Registered Offerings and Offerings of Securities exempt under Section 3 of the 1933 Act, and if the Securities are not issued by a real estate investment trust, no portion of the net offering proceeds from the sale of the Securities will be paid to such Underwriter or any of its affiliates or “persons associated with” such Underwriter (as defined by FINRA) or members of the immediate family of any such person; and

(k) in the case of Securities which are debt securities whose offer and sale is to be registered under the 1933 Act, such Underwriter is not an affiliate (as defined in Rule 0-2 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939) of the Trustee for the Securities or of its parent, if any. Neither the Trustee nor its parent, if any, nor any of their directors or executive officers is a “director, officer, partner, employee, appointee, or representative” of such Underwriter (as those terms are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or in the relevant instructions to Form T-1). Such Underwriter and its directors, partners, and executive officers, taken as a group, did not on the date specified in the Invitation, and do not, own beneficially 1% or more of the shares of any class of voting securities of the Trustee or of its parent, if any. If such Underwriter is a corporation, it does not have outstanding and has not assumed or guaranteed any securities issued otherwise than in its present corporate name.

 

A-3


If an Underwriter notes an exception with respect to material of the type referred to in clauses (e) and (f), such underwriter will send three copies of each item of such material, together with a statement as to distribution, identifying classes of recipients and the number of copies distributed to each such class, and, if relevant, the number of equity securities or the face value of debt securities owned by such person, the date such securities were acquired, and the price paid for such securities to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, One Bryant Park, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Syndicate Department.

 

A-4

EX.99.(h)(iii)

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED

MASTER SELECTED DEALERS AGREEMENT

REGISTERED SEC OFFERINGS

AND

EXEMPT OFFERINGS

(OTHER THAN OFFERINGS OF MUNICIPAL SECURITIES)

September 2, 2011


This Master Selected Dealers Agreement (this “ Master SDA”), dated as of                     , 2011, is by and between Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (including its successors and assigns) (“ we ,” “ our ,” “ us ” or the “ Manager ”) and the party named on the signature page hereof (a “ Dealer ,” “ you ” or “ your ”). From time to time, in connection with an offering and sale (an “ Offering ”) of securities (the “Securities”), managed solely by us or with one or more other managers or co-managers, we or one or more of our affiliates may offer you (and others) the opportunity to purchase as principal a portion of such securities on the terms set forth herein as a Selected Dealer (as defined below).

References herein to laws, statutory and regulatory sections, rules, regulations, forms and interpretive materials are deemed to include successor provisions. The following provisions of this Master SDA shall apply separately to each individual Offering of Securities. You and we further agree as follows:

1. Applicability of this Master SDA . The terms and conditions of this Master SDA will be applicable to any Offering in which you accept an offer to participate as a Selected Dealer (including through the receipt by you of Securities), whether pursuant to a registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ 1933 Act ”), or exempt from registration thereunder, in respect of which we (acting for our own account or for the account of any underwriting or similar group or syndicate) are responsible for managing or otherwise implementing the sale of Securities to Selected Dealers. A Dealer is a person who meets the requirements of Section 10 hereof. The parties who agree to participate (including by the receipt by such parties of Securities) or are designated a selling concession to Dealers (the “ Selling Concession ”), and reallowance, if any (the “ Reallowance ”), in such Offering as selected Dealers are hereinafter referred to as “ Selected Dealers ”. In the case of any Offering where we are acting for the account of the several underwriters, initial purchasers or others acting in a similar capacity (the “ Underwriters ”), the terms and conditions of this Master SDA will be for the benefit of such Underwriters, including, in the case of any Offering where we are acting with others as representatives of Underwriters, such other representatives.

2. Terms of the Offering . We may advise you orally or by one or more wires, telexes, telecopy or electronic data transmissions, or other written communications (each, a “ Wire ”) of the particular method and supplementary terms and conditions of any Offering (including the price or prices at which the Securities initially will be offered by the several Underwriters, or if the price is to be determined by a formula based on market price, the terms of the formula, (the “ Offering Price ”) and any Selling Concession or, if applicable, Reallowance) in which you are invited to participate. Any such Wire may also amend or modify such provisions of this Master SDA in respect of the Offering to which such Wire relates, and may contain such supplementary provisions as may be specified in any Wire relating to an Offering. To the extent such supplementary terms and conditions are inconsistent with any provision herein, such supplementary terms and conditions shall supersede any provision of this Master SDA. Unless otherwise indicated in any such Wire, acceptances and other communications by you with respect to an Offering should be sent pursuant to the terms of Section 19 hereof. Notwithstanding that we may not have sent you a Wire or other form of invitation to participate


in such Offering or that you may not otherwise have responded by wire or other written communication (any such communication being deemed “ In Writing ”) to any such Wire or other form of invitation, you will be deemed to have accepted the terms of our offer to participate as a Selected Dealer and of this Master SDA (as amended, modified or supplemented by any Wire) by your purchase of Securities or otherwise receiving and retaining an economic benefit for participating in the Offering as a Selected Dealer. We reserve the right to reject any acceptance in whole or in part.

Any Offering will be subject to delivery of the Securities and their acceptance by us and any other Underwriters may be subject to the approval of all legal matters by counsel and may be subject to the satisfaction of other conditions. Any application for additional Securities will be subject to rejection in whole or in part.

3. Offering Documents . Upon your request, we will furnish, make available to you or make arrangements for you to obtain copies (which may, to the extent permitted by law, be in electronic form) of each prospectus, prospectus supplement, offering memorandum, offering circular or similar offering document, and any preliminary version thereof, as soon as reasonably practicable after sufficient quantities thereof have been made available by the issuer of the Securities (each, an “ Issuer ”) and any guarantor (each, a “ Guarantor ”) thereof, and, if different from the Issuer, the seller or sellers (each, a “ Seller ”) of the Securities. You agree that you will comply with the applicable United States federal and state laws, and the applicable rules and regulations of any regulatory body promulgated thereunder, and the applicable laws, rules and regulations of any non-United States jurisdiction, governing the use and distribution of offering materials by brokers and dealers. You represent and warrant that you are familiar with Rule l5c2-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ 1934 Act ”), relating to the distribution of preliminary and final prospectuses and agree that your purchase of Securities shall constitute your confirmation that you have delivered and will deliver all preliminary prospectuses and final prospectuses required for compliance therewith. You agree to make a record of your distribution of each preliminary prospectus and, when furnished with copies of any revised preliminary prospectus or final prospectus, you will, upon our request, promptly forward copies thereof to each person to whom you have theretofore distributed a preliminary prospectus. You agree that, in purchasing Securities, you will rely upon no statement whatsoever, written or oral, other than the statements in the final prospectus, offering memorandum, offering circular or similar offering document delivered to you by us. You are not authorized by the Issuer or other Seller of Securities offered pursuant to a final prospectus, offering memorandum, offering circular or similar offering document or by any Underwriters to give any information or to make any representation not contained therein in connection with the sale of such Securities.

4. Offering of Securities .

(a) In respect of any Offering, we will inform you of any Selling Concession and Reallowance, if any. The Offering of Securities is made subject to the conditions referred to in the prospectus, offering memorandum, or offering circular or similar offering document related

 

2


to the Offering and to the terms and conditions set forth in any Wire. After the initial Offering has commenced, we may change the Offering Price, the Selling Concession and the Reallowance (if any) to Selected Dealers. If a Reallowance is in effect, a reallowance from the Offering Price not in excess of such Reallowance may be allowed (i) in the case of Offerings of Securities that are not exempted securities (as defined in Section 3(a)(12) of the 1934 Act), as consideration for services rendered in distribution to Dealers who are either members in good standing of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“ FINRA ”) who agree to abide by the applicable rules of FINRA or non-U.S. banks, brokers, dealers or other non-U.S. institutions not eligible for membership in FINRA who represent to you that they will promptly reoffer such Securities at the Offering Price and will abide by the conditions with respect to non-U.S. banks, dealers and other non-U.S. institutions set forth in Section 10 hereof, or (ii) in the case of Offerings of Securities that are exempted securities (as defined in Section 3(a)(12) of the 1934 Act), as consideration for services rendered in distribution not only to Dealers identified in the immediately preceding clause but also to Dealers that are Banks (as defined in Section 10 hereof) and represent to you that they will promptly reoffer such Securities at the Offering Price and will abide by the conditions with respect to Banks set forth in Section 10 hereof.

(b) No expenses will be charged to Selected Dealers. A single transfer tax upon the sale of the Securities by the respective Underwriters to you will be paid by such Underwriters when such Securities are delivered to you. However, you shall pay any transfer tax on sales of Securities by you and you shall pay your proportionate share of any transfer tax or other tax (other than the single transfer tax described above) in the event that any such tax shall from time to time be assessed against you and other Selected Dealers as a group or otherwise.

5. Payment and Delivery . You will deliver to us, on the date and at the place and time specified by us orally or In Writing, payment in the manner and type of currency specified by us orally or In Writing, payable to the order of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (or as we may subsequently inform you), for an amount equal to the Offering Price plus (if not included in the Offering Price) accrued interest, amortization of original issue discount or dividends, if any, specified in the prospectus or offering circular or other similar offering document furnished in connection with the Offering of the Securities. We may, in our sole discretion, retain the applicable Selling Concession in respect of the Securities to be purchased by you for release at a date specified by us. We will make payment to the Issuer or Seller against delivery to us for your account of the Securities to be purchased by you, and we will deliver to you the Securities paid for by you which will have been retained by or released to you for direct sale. If we determine that transactions in the Securities are to be settled through The Depository Trust Company (“ DTC ”) or another clearinghouse facility and payment in the settlement currency is supported by such facility, payment for and delivery of Securities purchased by you will be made through such facility, if you are a participant, or, if you are not a participant, settlement will be made through your ordinary correspondent who is a participant.

6. Over-allotment; Stabilization; Unsold Allotments; Penalty Bids . We may, with respect to any Offering, be authorized to over-allot in arranging sales to Selected Dealers, to purchase and sell Securities for long or short account and to stabilize or maintain the market

 

3


price of the Securities. You agree that upon our request at any time and from time to time prior to the termination of the provisions of Section 4 hereof with respect to any Offering, you will report to us the amount of Securities purchased by you pursuant to such Offering which then remain unsold by you and will, upon our request at any such time, sell to us for our account or the account of one or more Underwriters such amount of such unsold Securities as we may designate at the Offering Price less an amount to be determined by us not in excess of the Selling Concession. Prior to the termination of the Manager’s authority to cover any short position in connection with the Offering or such other date as the Manager may specify by Wire, if the Manager determines pursuant to the “Initial Public Offering Tracking System” of DTC that the Manager has purchased, or any of your customers have sold, a number or amount of Securities retained by, or released to, you for direct sale or any Securities sold pursuant to Section 4 hereof for which you received a portion of the Selling Concession, or any Securities which may have been issued on transfer or in exchange for such Securities, which Securities were therefore not effectively placed for investment, then you authorize the Manager to charge your account with an amount equal to such portion of the Selling Concession received by you with respect to such Securities at a price equal to the total cost of such purchase, including transfer taxes, accrued interest, dividends, and commissions, if any.

7. Termination .

(a) The terms and conditions set forth in (i) Section 4, (ii) the second sentence of Section 6, (iii) Section 15 and (iv) Section 16 of this Master SDA (collectively, the “ offering provisions ”) will terminate with respect to each Offering pursuant to this Master SDA at the close of business on the later of (a) the date on which the Underwriters pay the Issuer or Seller for the Securities, and (b) 45 calendar days after the applicable Offering date, unless in either such case the effectiveness of such offering provisions is extended or sooner terminated as hereinafter provided. We may terminate such offering provisions other than Section 6 at any time by notice to you to the effect that the offering provisions are terminated and we may terminate the provisions of Section 6 at any time at or subsequent to the termination of the other offering provisions by notice to you to the effect that the penalty bid provisions are terminated. All other provisions of the Master SDA shall remain operative and in full force and effect with respect to such Offering.

(b) This Master SDA may be terminated by either party hereto upon five business days’ written notice to the other party; provided, however, that with respect to any particular Offering, if we receive any such notice from you after we have advised you of the amount of Securities allotted to you, this Master SDA shall remain in full force and effect as to such Offering and shall terminate with respect to such Offering and all previous Offerings only in accordance with and to the extent provided in subsection (a) of this Section 7.

8. Amendments . This Master SDA may be amended from time to time by consent of the parties hereto. Your consent will be deemed to have been given to an amendment to this Master SDA, and such amendment will be effective, five business days following written notice to you of such amendment if you do not notify us In Writing prior to the close of business on

 

4


such fifth business day that you do not consent to such amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you agree that any amendment, supplement or modification of the terms of this Master SDA by Wire or otherwise In Writing will be effective immediately and your consent will be deemed to have been given to any such amendment, supplement or modification by your purchase of Securities or otherwise receiving and retaining an economic benefit for participating in the Offering as a Selected Dealer; provided that such amendment, supplement or modification of the terms of this Master SDA shall only be effective with respect to the related Offering.

9. Relationship Among Underwriters and Selected Dealers . We shall have full authority to take such actions as we deem advisable in all matters pertaining to any Offering under this Master SDA. You are not authorized to act as an agent for us, any Underwriter or the Issuer or other Seller of any Securities in offering Securities to the public or otherwise. Neither we nor any Underwriter will be under any obligation to you except for obligations assumed hereby or in any Wire from us in connection with any Offering, and no obligations on our part as the Manager will be implied hereby or inferred herefrom. Nothing contained in this Master SDA or any Wire shall constitute the Selected Dealers an association or partners with us or any Underwriter or with one another, and the obligations of you and each of the other Selected Dealers or any of the Underwriters are several and not joint. If the Selected Dealers, among themselves, with us or with the Underwriters, should be deemed to constitute a partnership for federal income tax purposes, then you elect to be excluded from the application of Subchapter K, Chapter 1, Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and agree not to take any position inconsistent with such election. You authorize the Manager, in its discretion, to execute on your behalf such evidence of such election as may be required by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. In connection with any Offering, you will be liable for your proportionate share of the amount of any tax, claim, demand or liability that may be asserted against you alone or against one or more Selected Dealers participating in such Offering, or against us or the Underwriters, based upon the claim that the Selected Dealers, or any of them, constitute an association, an unincorporated business or other entity, including, in each case, your proportionate share of the amount of any expense (including attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred in defending against any such tax, claim, demand or liability.

10. FINRA Compliance . You represent and warrant that you are (a) a broker or dealer (as defined in Section 3(a)(4) or 3(a)(5) of the 1934 Act) that is a member in good standing of FINRA, (b) a non-U.S. bank, broker, dealer or other non-U.S. institution that is not eligible for membership in FINRA and is not required to be registered as a broker or dealer under the 1934 Act (a “ non-member non-U.S. dealer ”), or (c) only in the case of Offerings of Securities that are exempted securities (as defined in Section 3(a)(12) of the 1934 Act), and such other Securities as from time to time may be sold by a “bank” (as defined in Section 3(a)(6) of the 1934 Act (a “ Bank ”)), that you are a Bank that is acting in connection with the Offering in accordance with an applicable exception or exemption from the definitions of broker and dealer under Sections 3(a)(4) and 3(a)(5) of the 1934 Act.

 

5


You further represent, warrant and agree that, in connection with any purchase or sale of the Securities wherein a selling concession, discount or other allowance is received or granted by or to you:

(i) if you are a member of FINRA, you will comply with all applicable rules of FINRA, including, without limitation, the requirements of FINRA Rules 5110, 5121, 5130, 5131 and 5141 (to the extent any or all such rules are applicable to the particular Offering);

(ii) if you are a non-member non-U.S. dealer, (x) you will not make any offers or sales of the Securities in, or to nationals or residents of, the United States, its territories, or its possessions, except to the extent permitted by Rule 15a-6 under the 1934 Act (or any successor rule thereto adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”)), (y) in making any offers or sales of the Securities, you will comply with the requirements of the following FINRA rules (including any successor rules thereto adopted by FINRA): (A) to the extent that you are acting, in respect of offers or sales of the Securities, as a “conduit” for, or are receiving in connection with such offers and sales any selling commissions, discounts, allowances or other compensation from, or are otherwise being directed with respect to allocations or disposition of the Securities by, a FINRA member, FINRA Rule 5130 and FINRA Rule 5141 as though you are a member of FINRA, and (B) NASD Conduct Rule 2420(c), as that Rule applies to a non-member broker or dealer in a non-U.S. country, and (z) you are, and will remain at all relevant times, an appropriately registered or licensed broker or dealer (to the extent required) in your home jurisdiction and in any non-U.S. jurisdiction in which you engage in activities in connection with an Offering;

(iii) if you are a Bank, (x) to the extent you are acting, in respect of offers or sales of the Securities, as a “conduit” for, or are receiving in connection with such offers and sales any selling commissions, discounts, allowances or other compensation from, or are otherwise being directed with respect to allocations or disposition of the Securities by, a FINRA member, you will comply with FINRA Rules 5130 and 5141 as though you are a member of FINRA, and (y) you will not accept any fee or other compensation, or purchase any Securities at a discount from the offering price from any Underwriter or Dealer, which would not be permitted under applicable FINRA rules (including, without limitation, NASD Conduct Rule 2420 or any successor rule thereto adopted by FINRA) or would subject you to registration and regulation as a “broker” or “dealer” under Section 3(a)(4) or 3(a)(5) of the 1934 Act;

(iv) in respect of each Offering in which you participate (as indicated by your participation therein), you have provided to us all documents and other information required to be filed with respect to you, any related person or any person associated with you or any such related person pursuant to FINRA’s requirements and related interpretations with respect to review of corporate financing transactions as such requirements and interpretations relate to such Offering; and

(v) you are fully familiar with the 1933 Act, 1934 Act and FINRA provisions referenced in this Section 10 and elsewhere in this Master SDA.

 

6


11. Blue Sky Matters . Upon application to us, we shall inform you as to any advice we have received from counsel concerning the jurisdictions in which Securities have been qualified for sale or are exempt under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such jurisdictions, but we do not assume any obligation or responsibility as to your right to sell Securities in any such jurisdiction, notwithstanding any information we may furnish to you in that connection.

12. Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction . This Master SDA (as it may be modified or supplemented by any Wire) will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed in the State. You hereby irrevocably: (a) submit to the jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York located in the City of New York or the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of the State of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, or other proceeding arising out of this Master SDA, or any of the agreements or transactions contemplated hereby (each, a “ Proceeding ”), (b) agree that all claims in respect of any Proceeding may be heard and determined in any such court, (c) waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any immunity from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process therein, (d) agree not to commence any Proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claim that such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum.

13. Successors and Assigns . This Master SDA will be binding on, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and other persons specified in Section 1 hereof, and the respective successors and assigns of each of them; provided, however, that you may not assign your rights or delegate any of your duties under this Master SDA without our prior written consent.

14. Compliance with Law . You agree that in selling Securities pursuant to any Offering (which agreement shall also be for the benefit of the Issuer or other Seller of such Securities) you will comply with all applicable rules and regulations, including the applicable provisions of the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act, the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, the applicable rules and regulations of FINRA, the applicable rules and regulations of any securities exchange or other regulatory or self-regulatory organization having jurisdiction over the Offering and the applicable laws, rules and regulations specified in Section 16(a) and 16(b) hereof.

15. Discretionary Accounts . In the case of an Offering of Securities registered under the 1933 Act by an Issuer that was not, immediately prior to the filing of the related registration statement, subject to the requirements of Section 13(d) or 15(d) of the 1934 Act, you will not make sales to any account over which you exercise discretionary authority in connection with such sale, except as otherwise permitted by us for such Offering In Writing.

16. Offering Restrictions . You will not make any offers or sales of Securities or any other securities in jurisdictions outside the United States except under circumstances that will result in compliance with (a) applicable laws, including private placement requirements, in each such jurisdiction and (b) the restrictions on offers or sales set forth in this Master SDA, any Wire or the prospectus, preliminary prospectus, offering memorandum, offering circular, or preliminary offering memorandum or preliminary offering circular or other similar offering document, as the case may be. It is understood that, except as specified in this Master SDA, the prospectus, offering memorandum or offering circular or other similar offering

 

7


document, or applicable Wire, no action has been taken by us, the Issuer, the Guarantor, the Seller or any other party to permit you to offer Securities in any jurisdiction other than the United States, in the case of a Registered Offering, where action would be required for such purpose.

17. Prohibition on Money Laundering . The operations of your business and your subsidiaries are and, to your knowledge, have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving you or any of your subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to your knowledge, threatened.

18. Liability of Manager . The Manager will not be liable to you for any act or omission, except for obligations expressly assumed by the Manager In Writing.

19. Notices . Any notice to you will be deemed to have been duly given if mailed, sent by Wire, or delivered in person to you at the address set forth on the signature page hereto (or to such other address, telephone, telecopy or telex as you will be notified by us), or if such address is no longer valid, then at the address set forth in reports filed by you with FINRA. Any such notice will take effect upon receipt thereof. Communications by Wire will be deemed to be “written” communications and made In Writing.

20. Severability . In case any provision in this Master SDA or any Wire is deemed invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

21. Counterparts . This Master SDA may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be deemed to be an original, and all of which taken together constitute one and the same instrument. Transmission by telecopy of an executed counterpart of this Master SDA will constitute due and sufficient delivery of such counterpart.

Please confirm by signing and returning to us the enclosed copy of this Master SDA that your subscription to, or your acceptance of any reservation of, any Securities pursuant to an Offering shall constitute (a) acceptance of and agreement to the terms and conditions of this Master SDA (as supplemented and amended pursuant to Section 8 hereof) together with and subject to any supplementary terms and conditions contained in any Wire from us in connection with such Offering, all of which shall constitute a binding agreement between you and us individually or as representative of any Underwriters, (b) confirmation that your representations and warranties set forth herein are true and correct at that time, (c) confirmation that your agreements herein have been and will be fully performed by you to the extent and at the times required thereby and (d) in

 

8


the case of any Offering described in Section 3 hereof, acknowledgment that you have requested and received from us sufficient copies of the final prospectus, offering memorandum or offering circular, as the case may be, with respect to such Offering in order to comply with your undertakings in Section 16(a) or 16(b) hereof.

(Remainder of page intentionally left blank)

(Signature page follows)

 

9


This Master SDA is dated as of September 2, 2011, and executed by and between Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and .

 

Very truly yours,
MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED
By:  

 

Name:

 
Title:  

 

10


Confirmed as of (date):

CONFIRMED:                     , 2011

[INSERT NAME OF SELECTED DEALER]

 

By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  
Address:  
Telephone:  
Facsimile:  
Email:  

 

11


Master Selected Dealers Agreement

GUIDE TO DEFINED TERMS

 

Term

   Section Reference  

1933 Act

     1   

1934 Act

     3   

Bank

     10   

Dealer

     Foreword   

DTC

     5   

FINRA

     4(a)   

Guarantor

     3   

In Writing

     2   

Issuer

     3   

Manager

     Foreword   

Master SDA

     Foreword   

Money Laundering Laws

     17   

non-member non-U.S. dealer

     10   

Offering

     Foreword   

Offering Price

     2   

offering provisions

     7(a)   

Proceeding

     12   

Reallowance

     1   

SEC

     6   

Securities

     1   

Selected Dealers

     1   

Seller

     3   

Selling Concession

     1   

Underwriters

     1   

Wire

     2   

 

12

EX.99.(h)(iv)

FORM OF STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT

STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of September [ ], 2014, between Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“Merrill Lynch”) and Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”).

WHEREAS, Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”) is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and its common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”), are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

WHEREAS, GSAM is the investment adviser of the Fund;

WHEREAS, Merrill Lynch is acting as the lead underwriter in an offering of the Fund’s Common Shares; and

WHEREAS, GSAM desires to provide additional compensation to Merrill Lynch for providing the advice and services described below;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual terms and conditions set forth below, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. In consideration of Merrill Lynch’s providing advice relating to the structure and design and the organization of the Fund as well as services related to the sale and distribution of the Fund’s Common Shares, GSAM shall pay Merrill Lynch a fee equal to [ ]% of the aggregate price to the public of the Fund’s Common Shares sold in the Fund’s initial public offering (the “Offering”) pursuant to the prospectus dated September [ ], 2014 (including any Common Shares over-allotted in the Offering regardless of whether the over-allotment option in the Offering is exercised) (the “Fee”). The Fee shall be paid within 10 calendar days of the Closing Time (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 by and among the Fund, GSAM and each of the Underwriters named in Schedule A therein (the “Underwriting Agreement”)), or as otherwise agreed to by the parties. The sum total of all compensation to or reimbursement of underwriters in connection with the Offering, including sales load and all forms of additional compensation, shall not exceed [9]% of the total price of the Fund’s Common Shares sold in the Offering. For the avoidance of doubt, such percentage shall not take into account the Common Shares, if any, sold pursuant to the over-allotment option in the Offering.

 

2. GSAM acknowledges that Merrill Lynch did not provide and is not providing any advice hereunder as to the value of securities or regarding the advisability of purchasing or selling any securities for the Fund’s portfolio. No provision of this Agreement shall be considered as creating, nor shall any provision create, any obligation on the part of Merrill Lynch, and Merrill Lynch is not hereby agreeing, to: (i) furnish any advice or make any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities or (ii) render any opinions, valuations or recommendations of any kind or to perform any such similar services in connection with the transactions contemplated herein.

 

3. Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting Merrill Lynch or its affiliates from providing similar or other services to any other clients (including other registered investment companies or other investment advisers), so long as Merrill Lynch’s services to GSAM are not impaired thereby. For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that GSAM may pay compensation of any kind to any other person for services the same as, or similar to, the services provided by Merrill Lynch hereunder.


4. This Agreement shall terminate upon the payment of the entire amount of the Fee, as specified in Section 1 hereof. Merrill Lynch confirms that should the Offering be terminated, Merrill Lynch will only be reimbursed for reasonable and actual out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(D).

 

5. GSAM has furnished Merrill Lynch with such information as Merrill Lynch believes appropriate to its assignment hereunder (all such information so furnished being the “Information”). GSAM recognizes and confirms that Merrill Lynch (a) will use and rely primarily on the Information and on information available from generally recognized public sources in performing the services contemplated by this Agreement without having independently verified the same and (b) does not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the Information and such other information. To the best of GSAM’s knowledge, the Information furnished by GSAM, when delivered, was true and correct in all material respects and did not contain any material misstatement of fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading. GSAM will promptly notify Merrill Lynch if it learns of any material inaccuracy or misstatement in, or material omission from, any Information delivered to Merrill Lynch pursuant to this Section 5.

 

6. It is understood that Merrill Lynch is being engaged hereunder solely to provide the services described above to GSAM and that Merrill Lynch is not acting as an agent or fiduciary of, and shall have no duties or liability to the current or future shareholders of the Fund or any other third party in connection with its engagement hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived, to the extent permitted under applicable law.

 

7. GSAM agrees that Merrill Lynch shall have no liability to GSAM or the Fund for any act or omission to act by Merrill Lynch in the course of its performance under this Agreement, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of Merrill Lynch. GSAM agrees to the indemnification provisions and other terms set forth in the Indemnification Agreement attached hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination, expiration or supersession of this Agreement.

 

8. This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement (“Claim”) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

9. No Claim may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters, and GSAM and Merrill Lynch consent to the jurisdiction of such courts and personal service with respect thereto. Each of Merrill Lynch and GSAM waives all right to trial by jury in any proceeding (whether based upon contract, tort or otherwise) in any way arising out of or relating to this Agreement. GSAM agrees that a final judgment in any proceeding or counterclaim brought in any such court shall be conclusive and binding upon GSAM and may be enforced in any other courts to the jurisdiction of which GSAM is or may be subject, by suit upon such judgment.

 

10. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party.

 

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11. This Agreement (including the attached Indemnification Agreement) embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by both Merrill Lynch and GSAM.

 

12. All notices required or permitted to be sent under this Agreement shall be sent, if to GSAM:

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

Attention: [ ]

or if to Merrill Lynch:

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Syndicate Department, with a copy to the ECM Legal Department

or such other name or address as may be given in writing to the other parties. Any notice shall be deemed to be given or received on the third day after deposit in the U.S. mail with certified postage prepaid or when actually received, whether by hand, express delivery service or facsimile or electronic transmission, whichever is earlier.

 

13. This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission that accurately depicts a manual signature shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Structuring Fee Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.  

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH

INCORPORATED

By:                                                                                   By:                                                                            
Name:       Authorized Signatory
Title:      


Merrill Lynch Indemnification Agreement

September [ ], 2014

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

  Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In connection with the engagement of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“Merrill Lynch”) to advise and assist the undersigned (together with its affiliates and subsidiaries, referred to as the “Company”) with the matters set forth in the Structuring Fee Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 between the Company and Merrill Lynch (the “Agreement”), in the event that Merrill Lynch becomes involved in any capacity in any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry (including, without limitation, any shareholder or derivative action or arbitration proceeding) (collectively, a “Proceeding”) in connection with any matter in any way relating to or referred to in the Agreement or arising out of the matters contemplated by the Agreement, including, without limitation, related services and activities prior to the date of the Agreement, the Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Merrill Lynch harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with any matter in any way relating to or referred to in the Agreement or arising out of the matters contemplated by the Agreement, including, without limitation, related services and activities prior to the date of the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review, that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses resulted primarily from the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of Merrill Lynch. In addition, in the event that Merrill Lynch becomes involved in any capacity in any Proceeding in connection with any matter in any way relating to or referred to in the Agreement or arising out of the matters contemplated by the Agreement, including, without limitation, related services and activities prior to the date of the Agreement, the Company will reimburse Merrill Lynch for its reasonable legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) as such expenses are incurred by Merrill Lynch in connection therewith. The indemnification provided hereunder does not extend to matters arising solely out of the Underwriting Agreement, dated September [ ], 2014, by and among Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and each of the underwriters named in Schedule A thereto, and indemnified thereunder. Promptly as reasonably practicable after receipt by Merrill Lynch of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, Merrill Lynch will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against Merrill Lynch under this paragraph, notify the Company in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure to so notify the Company (i) will not relieve the Company from liability under this paragraph to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and (ii) in any event shall not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this Indemnification Agreement. The Company shall be entitled to appoint counsel of the Company’s choice at the Company’s expense to represent Merrill Lynch in any Proceeding for which indemnification is sought (in which case the Company shall not thereafter be responsible for the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by Merrill Lynch or parties except as set forth below); provided, however, that such counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to Merrill Lynch. Notwithstanding the Company’s election to appoint counsel to represent Merrill Lynch in a Proceeding, Merrill Lynch shall have the right to employ one separate counsel (including local counsel), and the Company shall bear the reasonable fees, costs and expenses of such separate counsel if (i) the use of counsel chosen by the Company to represent Merrill Lynch would present such counsel with

 

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a conflict of interest, (ii) the actual or potential defendants in, or targets of, any such Proceeding include both Merrill Lynch and the Company and Merrill Lynch shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the Company, (iii) the Company shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to Merrill Lynch to represent Merrill Lynch within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such Proceeding or (iv) the Company shall authorize Merrill Lynch to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Company. If such indemnification were not to be available for any reason, the Company agrees to contribute to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses involved (i) in the proportion appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received or sought to be received by the Company and its shareholders and affiliates and other constituencies, on the one hand, and Merrill Lynch, on the other hand, in the matters contemplated by the Agreement or (ii) if (but only if and to the extent) the allocation provided for in clause (i) is for any reason held unenforceable, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company and its shareholders and affiliates and other constituencies, on the one hand, and the party entitled to contribution, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, Merrill Lynch shall not be entitled to contribution from the Company if it is determined that Merrill Lynch was guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and the Company was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Company agrees that for the purposes of this paragraph the relative benefits received, or sought to be received, by the Company and its shareholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the party entitled to contribution, on the other hand, of a transaction as contemplated shall be deemed to be in the same proportion that the total value received or paid or contemplated to be received or paid by the Company or its shareholders or affiliates and other constituencies, as the case may be, as a result of or in connection with the Agreement bears to the fees paid to Merrill Lynch under the Agreement; provided, that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary to assure that Merrill Lynch is not liable for losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in excess of the amount of fees actually received by Merrill Lynch pursuant to the Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any alleged untrue statement or omission or any other alleged conduct relates to Information (as defined in the Agreement) provided by the Company or other conduct by the Company (or its employees or other agents), on the one hand, or by Merrill Lynch, on the other hand. The Company will not settle any Proceeding in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, whether or not Merrill Lynch is an actual or potential party to such Proceeding, without Merrill Lynch’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. For purposes of this Indemnification Agreement, (i) Merrill Lynch shall include Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, any of its affiliates, each other person, if any, controlling Merrill Lynch or any of its affiliates, their respective officers, current and former directors, employees and agents, and the successors and assigns of all of the foregoing persons and (ii) the term “Company” shall not include any registered investment company, or other client for which the Company or any of its affiliates serves as the investment adviser. The foregoing indemnity and contribution agreement shall be in addition to any rights that any indemnified party may have at common law or otherwise.

The Company agrees that neither Merrill Lynch nor any of its affiliates, directors, agents, employees or controlling persons shall have any liability to the Company or any person asserting claims on behalf of or in right of the Company in connection with or as a result of either Merrill Lynch’s engagement under the Agreement or any matter referred to in the Agreement, including, without limitation, related services and activities prior to the date of the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review that any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses incurred by the Company resulted solely from the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of Merrill Lynch in performing the services that are the subject of the Agreement. Nothing in this Indemnification Agreement shall be read or construed to limit any liability or obligations of any party arising under or in connection with the Underwriting Agreement.

 

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For clarification, the parties to this Indemnification Agreement agree that the term “affiliate” as used in the definition of “Company” herein does not include any registered investment company, except for the Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (including any successor by merger or otherwise), for which Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. or any of its affiliates serves as investment adviser.

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM OR DISPUTE OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (“CLAIM”), DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH BELOW, NO CLAIM MAY BE COMMENCED, PROSECUTED OR CONTINUED IN ANY COURT OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK LOCATED IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK OR IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, WHICH COURTS SHALL HAVE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OVER THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH MATTERS, AND THE COMPANY AND MERRILL LYNCH CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND PERSONAL SERVICE WITH RESPECT THERETO. THE COMPANY HEREBY CONSENTS TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION, SERVICE AND VENUE IN ANY COURT IN WHICH ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT IS BROUGHT BY ANY THIRD PARTY AGAINST MERRILL LYNCH OR ANY INDEMNIFIED PARTY. EACH OF MERRILL LYNCH AND THE COMPANY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT. EACH OF MERRILL LYNCH AND THE COMPANY AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON MERRILL LYNCH AND THE COMPANY AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH MERRILL LYNCH AND THE COMPANY IS OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT.

 

- 3 -


The foregoing Indemnification Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any termination of the Agreement. This Indemnification Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

Very truly yours,

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET

MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:    
Name:  
Title:  

 

Accepted and agreed to as of

the date first above written:

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH

INCORPORATED

By    
  Authorized Signatory

EX.99.(h)(v)

FORM OF STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Three World Financial Center, 8th Floor

200 Vesey Street,

New York, New York 10281-8098

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to the Underwriting Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), by and among Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”), Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”) and each of the Underwriters named in Schedule A thereto, with respect to the issue and sale of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest (the “Offering”), as described therein. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings given to them in the Underwriting Agreement.

1. Fee. In consideration of your services in offering advice relating to the distribution of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Shares”), GSAM shall pay a fee to you in the aggregate amount of $[ ] (the “Fee”). The Fee shall be paid on or before October [ ], 2014. The payment shall be made by wire transfer to the order of RBC Capital Markets, LLC. GSAM acknowledges that the Fee is in addition to any compensation you earn in connection with your role as an underwriter to the Fund in the Offering, which services are distinct from and in addition to the marketing services rendered in connection with the advice described above. In the event the Offering does not proceed, you will not receive any fees under this Agreement; however, for the avoidance of doubt, accountable expenses actually incurred may be payable to you pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement.

2. Term. This Agreement shall terminate upon the payment of the entire amount of the Fee, as specified in Section 1 hereof, or upon the termination of the Underwriting Agreement without the Common Shares having been delivered and paid for, except as provided in Section 3.

3. Indemnification. GSAM agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Agreement attached hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination, expiration or supersession of this Agreement.

4. Not an Investment Adviser; No Fiduciary Duty. GSAM acknowledges that you are not providing any advice hereunder as to the value of securities or regarding the advisability of purchasing or selling any securities for the Fund’s portfolio. No provision of this Agreement shall be considered as creating, nor shall any provision create, any obligation on the part of you, and you are not agreeing hereby, to: (i) furnish any advice or make any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities; or (ii) render any opinions, valuations or recommendations of any kind or to perform any such similar services. Neither this Agreement

 

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nor the performance of the services contemplated hereunder shall be considered to constitute a partnership, association or joint venture between you and GSAM. In addition, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to constitute you as the agent or employee of GSAM or GSAM as your agent or employee, and neither party shall make any representation to the contrary. It is understood that you are engaged hereunder as an independent contractor solely to provide the services described above to GSAM and that you are not acting as an agent or fiduciary of, and you shall not have any duties or liability to, the current or future partners, members or equity owners of GSAM or any other third party in connection with its engagement hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived to the extent GSAM has the authority to waive such duties and liabilities. Furthermore, GSAM agrees that it is solely responsible for making its own judgments in connection with the matters covered by this Agreement (irrespective of whether you have advised or are currently advising GSAM on related or other matters).

5. Not Exclusive. Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting you or your affiliates from acting as an underwriter or financial adviser or in any other capacity for any other persons (including other registered investment companies or other investment managers). Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting GSAM from paying compensation of any kind to any other person for services the same as, or similar to, the services provided by RBC Capital Markets, LLC hereunder, and for services relating to (i) securing syndicate participants in the Fund’s initial public offering, (ii) preparing, marketing and conducting diligence of materials of the underwriters, (iii) conveying information and marketing updates to the underwriters, and (iv) coordinating syndicate orders in the offering of the Common Shares.

6. Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without prior written consent of the other party.

7. Amendment; Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.

8. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

9. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission that accurately depicts a manual signature shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

[END OF TEXT]

 

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This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first written above.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT,

L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:
Title:

 

Agreed and Accepted:

RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:

Title:

 

** Signature Page to RBC Structuring Fee Agreement **


Indemnification Agreement

September [ ], 2014

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

Three World Financial Center, 8th Floor

200 Vesey Street,

New York, New York 10281-8098

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In connection with the engagement of RBC Capital Markets, LLC ( “RBCCM”) to advise and assist the undersigned, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (together with its successor and assigns, the “GSAM”), with respect to the matters set forth in the Structuring Fee Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 between GSAM and RBCCM (the “Agreement”), in the event that RBCCM, any of its affiliates, each other person, if any, controlling RBCCM or any of its affiliates, their respective officers, current and former directors, employees and agents or the successors or assigns of any of the foregoing persons (RBCCM and each such other person or entity being referred to as an “Indemnified Party”) becomes involved in any capacity in any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry (including, without limitation, any shareholder or derivative action or arbitration proceeding) (collectively, a “Proceeding”) with respect to the services performed under the Agreement, GSAM agrees to indemnify, defend and hold each Indemnified Party harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, including reasonably incurred fees and expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Parties, with respect to the services performed under the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review, that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses resulted primarily and directly from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. The indemnification provided herein does not extend to matters arising solely out of the Underwriting Agreement (as defined in the Agreement). In addition, in the event that an Indemnified Party becomes involved in any capacity in any Proceeding with respect to the Agreement, GSAM will reimburse such Indemnified Party for reasonable legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) as such expenses are incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection therewith, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review, that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and reasonable expenses resulted primarily and directly from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. Promptly as reasonably practicable after receipt by an Indemnified Party of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, such Indemnified Party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made under this paragraph, notify GSAM in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify GSAM (i) will not relieve GSAM from liability under this paragraph to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and (ii) in any event shall not relieve GSAM from any liability which it may have otherwise on account of this Indemnification Agreement. GSAM may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action;

 

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provided, however, that counsel to GSAM shall not (except with the consent of the Indemnified Parties) also be counsel to the Indemnified Parties. Neither GSAM nor any member of GSAM’s [Board of Directors] shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Parties (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought hereunder (whether or not the Indemnified Parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Party. No Indemnified Party shall, without the prior written consent of GSAM (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought hereunder when GSAM is an actual named party thereto, unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of GSAM from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of GSAM.

If such indemnification were not to be available for any reason, GSAM agrees to contribute to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses involved (i) in the proportion appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received or sought to be received by GSAM and its members and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, in the matters contemplated by the Agreement or (ii) if (but only if and to the extent) the allocation provided for in clause (i) is for any reason held unenforceable, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of GSAM and its members and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. GSAM agrees that for the purposes of this paragraph the relative benefits received, or sought to be received, by GSAM and its members and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, of a transaction as contemplated shall be deemed to be in the same proportion that the total value received by or paid to or contemplated to be received by or paid to GSAM or its members or affiliates, as the case may be, as a result of or in connection with the transaction (whether or not consummated) for which RBCCM has been retained to perform services bears to the fees paid to RBCCM under the Agreement; provided, that in no event shall GSAM contribute less than the amount necessary to assure that the Indemnified Parties are not liable for losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in excess of the amount of fees actually received by RBCCM pursuant to the Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any alleged untrue statement or omission or any other alleged conduct relates to information provided by GSAM or other conduct by GSAM (or its employees or other agents), on the one hand, or by RBCCM, on the other hand. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, an Indemnified Party shall not be entitled to contribution from GSAM if it is determined that such Indemnified Party was guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and GSAM was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The foregoing Indemnification Agreement shall be in addition to any rights that any Indemnified Party may have at common law or otherwise.

 

- 2 -


GSAM agrees that no Indemnified Party shall have any liability to GSAM or any person asserting claims on behalf of or in right of GSAM with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review that any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses reasonably incurred by GSAM resulted primarily and directly from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of RBCCM in performing the services that are the subject of the Agreement.

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM OR DISPUTE OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER WITH RESPECT TO THE SERVICES PERFORMED PURSUANT TO AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AGREEMENT (“CLAIM”), DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH BELOW, NO CLAIM MAY BE COMMENCED, PROSECUTED OR CONTINUED IN ANY COURT OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK LOCATED IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK OR IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, WHICH COURTS SHALL HAVE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OVER THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH MATTERS, AND GSAM AND THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND PERSONAL SERVICE WITH RESPECT THERETO. GSAM HEREBY CONSENTS TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION, SERVICE AND VENUE IN ANY COURT IN WHICH ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT IS BROUGHT BY ANY THIRD PARTY AGAINST RBCCM OR ANY INDEMNIFIED PARTY. EACH INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND GSAM WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT. EACH OF THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES AND GSAM AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES AND GSAM AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES AND GSAM, AS THE CASE MAY BE, ARE OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT OR OTHER AVAILABLE JUDICIAL PROCESS.

 

- 3 -


The foregoing Indemnification Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any termination of RBCCM’s engagement under the Agreement. This Indemnification Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

 

Agreed and Accepted:
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

 

** Signature Page to RBC Indemnification Agreement **

EX.99.(h)(vi)

FORM OF STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This agreement is between Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “ Company ”) and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“ Morgan Stanley ”) with respect to the Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “ Fund ”).

1. Fee . (a) In consideration of advice to the Company relating to, but not limited to, the design and structuring of, and marketing assistance with respect to, the Fund and the distribution of its common shares of beneficial interest (the “ Shares ”), including without limitation, views from an investor market and distribution perspective on (i) diversification, proportion and concentration approaches for the Fund’s investments in light of current market conditions, (ii) marketing issues with respect to the Fund’s investment policies and proposed investments, (iii) the proportion of the Fund’s assets to invest in the Fund’s strategies, and (iv) the overall marketing and positioning thesis for the Fund’s initial public offering, the Company shall pay a fee to Morgan Stanley calculated at [ ]% of the aggregate price to the public of the Shares sold by Morgan Stanley in the Fund’s initial public offering (the “ Offering ”) (including any Shares over-allotted by Morgan Stanley in the Offering regardless of whether the over-allotment option in the Offering is exercised), equal to $[ ] (the “ Fee ”). Subject to paragraph (b), the Fee paid to Morgan Stanley shall not exceed [ ]% of the total price to the public of the Shares sold by the Fund in the Offering. For the avoidance of doubt, such percentage shall not take into account the Shares, if any, sold pursuant to the over-allotment option in the Offering. In the event the Offering does not proceed, Morgan Stanley will not receive any fees under this Agreement; however, for the avoidance of doubt, accountable expenses actually incurred may be payable to Morgan Stanley pursuant to the terms of the principal underwriting agreement relating to the Offering (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”).

(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), in the event that the Company (or the Fund or any person or entity affiliated with the Company, the Fund or any sub-adviser to the Fund or acting on behalf of or at the direction of any of the foregoing) compensates or agrees to compensate any other broker or dealer participating in the Offering (each, an “ Other Broker ”) for any services or otherwise in connection with the Offering or with respect to the Fund or its Shares (excluding for this purpose any compensation paid directly to the entire underwriting syndicate, as a group, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement), whether such compensation be denominated a fee, an expense reimbursement, a


set-off, a credit or otherwise (such compensation with respect to any Other Broker, such Other Broker’s “ Other Compensation ”), then the amount of the Fee shall be increased as and to the extent necessary so that the Fee payable to Morgan Stanley hereunder, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate price to the public of the Shares sold by Morgan Stanley in the Offering (including any Shares over-allotted by Morgan Stanley in the Offering regardless of whether the over-allotment option in the Offering is exercised), is no less than the Other Compensation, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate price to the public of the Shares sold by such Other Broker in the Offering (including any Shares over-allotted by such Other Broker in the Offering regardless of whether the over-allotment option in the Offering is exercised).

(c) The Company shall pay the Fee to Morgan Stanley on the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement on September [ ], 2014 by wire transfer to the order of Morgan Stanley. The Company acknowledges that the Fee is in addition to any compensation Morgan Stanley earns in connection with its role as an underwriter to the Fund in the Offering, which services are distinct from and in addition to the marketing and structuring services described above.

2. Term . This Agreement shall terminate upon payment of the entire amount of the Fee, as specified in Section 1 hereof, except as provided in Sections 3 and 4.

3. Indemnification . The Company agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Agreement attached hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination, expiration or supersession of this Agreement.

4. Confidential Advice . None of any advice rendered by Morgan Stanley to the Company or any communication from Morgan Stanley in connection with the services performed by Morgan Stanley pursuant to this Agreement will be quoted or referred to orally or in writing, or reproduced or disseminated, by the Company or any of its affiliates or any of their agents, without Morgan Stanley’s prior written consent, except (i) the Company may disclose the foregoing to any regulatory authority in response to a regulatory proceeding, process, inquiry or request, so long as the Company gives Morgan Stanley prompt notice thereof unless in the opinion of the Company’s counsel it is not legally able to do so, (ii) to the extent otherwise required by law, judicial process or applicable regulation (after consultation with, and approval (not to be unreasonably withheld) as to form and substance by, Morgan Stanley and its counsel, unless in the opinion of the Company’s counsel it is not legally able so to consult) and (iii) on a confidential need-to-know basis, to the Fund and its officers and directors and their legal counsel, auditors and other advisors. This confidentiality provision will terminate eighteen months from the date first written above.

 

2


5. Not an Investment Adviser . The Company acknowledges that Morgan Stanley is not providing any advice hereunder as to the value of securities or regarding the advisability of purchasing or selling any securities for the Fund’s portfolio. No provision of this Agreement shall be considered as creating, nor shall any provision create, any obligation on the part of Morgan Stanley, and Morgan Stanley is not agreeing hereby, to: (i) furnish any advice or make any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities; or (ii) render any opinions, valuations or recommendations of any kind or to perform any such similar services. The Company’s engagement of Morgan Stanley is not intended to confer rights upon any person (including the Fund or any shareholders, employees or creditors of the Company or the Fund) not a party hereto as against Morgan Stanley or its affiliates, or their respective directors, officers, employees or agents, successors, or assigns.

6. Not Exclusive . Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting Morgan Stanley or its affiliates from acting as an underwriter or financial advisor or in any other capacity for any other persons (including other registered investment companies or other investment managers). Neither this Agreement nor the performance of the services contemplated hereunder shall be considered to constitute a partnership, association or joint venture between Morgan Stanley and the Company. In addition, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to constitute Morgan Stanley as the agent or employee of the Company or the Company as the agent or employee of Morgan Stanley, and neither party shall make any representation to the contrary. It is understood that Morgan Stanley is engaged hereunder solely to provide the services described above to the Company and that Morgan Stanley is not acting as an agent or fiduciary of, and Morgan Stanley shall not have any duties or liability to, the current or future partners, members or equity owners of the Company or any other third party in connection with its engagement hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived to the extent the Company has the authority to waive such duties and liabilities.

7. Assignment . This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without prior written consent of the other party.

8. Amendment; Waiver . No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.

9. Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL . This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim, dispute or proceeding of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement (“ Claim ”), directly or indirectly, shall be governed by and construed

 

3


in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York. No Claim may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom), which courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters except as provided below. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such Claim and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such Claim in any such court or that any such Claim brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such Claim may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court. Without limiting the foregoing, each party agrees that service of process on such party as provided in Section 11 shall be deemed effective service of process on such party. EACH OF MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT. EACH OF MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY, AS THE CASE MAY BE, AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH MORGAN STANLEY OR THE COMPANY ARE OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT.

10. Entire Agreement . This Agreement (including the attached Indemnification Agreement) embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect.

11. Notices . All notices required or permitted to be sent under this Agreement shall be sent, if to the Company:

Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

Attention: [ ]

 

4


or if to Morgan Stanley:

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: General Counsel

or such other name or address as may be given in writing to the other parties. Any notice shall be deemed to be given or received on the third day after deposit by certified U.S. mail, postage prepaid, or when actually received, whether by hand, express delivery service or facsimile transmission, whichever is earlier.

12. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission that accurately depicts a manual signature shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

 

5


This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first written above.

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:
Title:

Accepted and agreed to as of

the date first above written:

 

MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC

By:

 

 

Name:
Title:

 

6


INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In connection with the engagement of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“ Morgan Stanley ”) to advise and assist the undersigned (together with its affiliates and subsidiaries, referred to as the “ Company ”) with the matters set forth in the Structuring Fee Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 between the Company and Morgan Stanley (the “ Structuring Fee Agreement ”), in the event that Morgan Stanley becomes involved in any capacity in any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry (including, without limitation, any shareholder or derivative action or arbitration proceeding) with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Structuring Fee Agreement, including, without limitation, related services and activities prior to the date of the Structuring Fee Agreement, the Company has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley’s affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents and each other person, if any, controlling Morgan Stanley or any of Morgan Stanley’s affiliates (Morgan Stanley and each such other person being an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities related to, arising out of or in connection with the activities (the “ Activities ”) performed by any Indemnified Person in connection with, or arising out of, or based upon, the Structuring Fee Agreement and/or any action taken by any Indemnified Person in connection therewith (including, without limitation, any presentation given by the Company and an Indemnified Person relating to the common shares of beneficial interest (the “ Shares ”) of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “ Fund ”)), and will reimburse each Indemnified Person for all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) as they are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry related to, arising out of or in connection with the Activities, whether or not pending or threatened and whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party. The Company will not, however, be responsible for any losses, claims, damages, liabilities (or expenses relating thereto) that are finally judicially determined to have resulted from the bad faith or gross negligence of any Indemnified Person. The Company also agrees that no Indemnified Person shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company for or in connection with the Activities,


except for any such liability for losses, claims, damages or liabilities incurred by the Company that are finally judicially determined to have resulted from the bad faith or gross negligence of such Indemnified Person.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Company be responsible for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to any Indemnified Person arising from any such claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry in excess of the gross proceeds received by the Fund from the initial public offering of the Shares of the Fund (the “ Offering ”); provided, however, that the Company shall, as set forth above, indemnify and be responsible for, regardless of the gross proceeds received by the Fund from the Offering, all expenses (including fees and expenses of counsel) incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry related to, arising out of or in connection with the Activities, whether or not pending or threatened and whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party, as set forth above.

The Company will not, without Morgan Stanley’s prior written consent, settle, compromise, consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry in respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder (whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination includes a release of each Indemnified Person from any liabilities arising out of such claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry. No Indemnified Person seeking indemnification, reimbursement or contribution under this agreement (the “ Indemnification Agreement ”) will, without our prior written consent, settle, compromise, consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry referred to in the preceding paragraph.

If such indemnification were not to be available for any reason, the Company agrees to contribute to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses involved (i) in the proportion appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received or sought to be received by the Company (including the net proceeds from the Shares sold by Morgan Stanley in the Offering before deducting expenses) and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and Morgan Stanley, on the other hand, in the matters contemplated by the Structuring Fee Agreement or (ii) if (but only if and to the extent) the allocation provided for in clause (i) is for any reason held unenforceable, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the party

 

8


entitled to contribution, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The Company agrees that for the purposes of this paragraph the relative benefits received, or sought to be received, by the Company and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the party entitled to contribution, on the other hand, of a transaction as contemplated shall be deemed to be in the same proportion that the total value received by or paid to or contemplated to be received by or paid to the Company or its stockholders or affiliates, as the case may be, as a result of or in connection with the transaction (whether or not consummated) for which Morgan Stanley has been retained to perform financial services bears to the fees paid to Morgan Stanley under the Structuring Fee Agreement; provided that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary to assure that Morgan Stanley is not liable for losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in excess of the amount of fees actually received by Morgan Stanley pursuant to the Structuring Fee Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any alleged untrue statement or omission or any other alleged conduct relates to information provided by the Company or other conduct by the Company (or its employees or other agents), on the one hand, or by Morgan Stanley, on the other hand.

This Indemnification Agreement, together with the Structuring Fee Agreement, any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this agreement) that relate to the Offering of the Shares, represents the entire agreement between the Company and the Indemnified Parties with respect to the fee paid to Morgan Stanley under the Structuring Fee Agreement.

The Company acknowledges that in connection with the Offering of the Shares: (i) Morgan Stanley has acted at arms length, is not an agent of, and owes no fiduciary duties to, the Company, the Fund or any person affiliated with the Fund or the Company, (ii) Morgan Stanley owes the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Indemnification Agreement and (iii) Morgan Stanley may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims any of the Company, the Fund or any person affiliated with the Fund or the Company may have against Morgan Stanley arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Shares.

The provisions of this Indemnification Agreement shall apply to the Activities and any modification thereof and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any termination or the completion of Morgan Stanley’s services under the Structuring Fee Agreement.

This Indemnification Agreement may not be assigned by either party without prior written consent of the other party. No provision of this Indemnification Agreement may be amended or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto. This Indemnification Agreement and any claim, counterclaim, dispute or proceeding of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Indemnification Agreement (“ Claim ”),

 

9


directly or indirectly, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York. No Claim may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom), which courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters except as provided below. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such Claim and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such Claim in any such court or that any such Claim brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such Claim may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court. Without limiting the foregoing, each party agrees that service of process on such party as provided in Section 11 of the Structuring Fee Agreement shall be deemed effective service of process on such party. EACH OF MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT. EACH OF MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON MORGAN STANLEY AND THE COMPANY, AS THE CASE MAY BE, AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH MORGAN STANLEY OR THE COMPANY ARE OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT. This Indemnification Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Indemnification Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

 

10


Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:
Title:

Accepted and agreed to as of the

date first above written:

 

MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC

By:

 

 

Name:
Title:

 

11

EX.99.(h)(vii)

FORM OF STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10152

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to the Underwriting Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”), by and among Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “ Fund ”), Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “ Adviser ”) and each of the Underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), severally, with respect to the issue and sale of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 (the “ Common Shares ”), as described therein (the “ Offering ”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings given to them in the Underwriting Agreement.

1. Fee .

In consideration of your services assisting the Adviser with respect to the structure and design of the Fund and the organization of the Fund as well as services related to the sale and distribution of the Fund’s Common Shares, the Adviser shall pay a fee to you in the aggregate amount of $[ ] (the “ Fee ”). The Fee shall be paid on or before the Closing Time (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement). The Fee shall be paid by wire transfer to the order of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.

2. Term .

This Agreement shall terminate upon the payment of the entire amount of the Fee, as specified in Section 1 hereof.

3. Indemnification .

The Adviser agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Agreement attached hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination, expiration or supersession of this Agreement.

4. Not an Adviser; No Fiduciary Duty .

The Adviser acknowledges that you are not providing any advice hereunder as to the value of securities or regarding the advisability of purchasing or selling any securities for the Fund’s portfolio. No provision of this Agreement shall be considered as creating, nor shall any provision create, any obligation on the part of you, and you are not agreeing hereby, to: (i) furnish any advice or make any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities; or (ii) render any opinions, valuations or recommendations of any kind or to perform

 

- 1 -


any such similar services. The Adviser hereby acknowledges that your engagement under this Agreement is as an independent contractor and not in any other capacity, including as a fiduciary. Furthermore, the Adviser agrees that it is solely responsible for making its own judgment in connection with the matters covered by this Agreement (irrespective of whether you have advised or are currently advising the Adviser on related or other matters).

5. Not Exclusive .

Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting you or your affiliates from acting as an underwriter or financial adviser or in any other capacity for any other persons (including other registered investment companies or other investment advisers).

6. Assignment .

This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without prior written consent of the other party.

7. Amendment; Waiver .

No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.

8. Governing Law .

This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

9. Counterparts .

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

 

- 2 -


This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first written above.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:  
Title:  

Agreed and Accepted:

 

WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:  
Title:  

 

[Structuring Fee Agreement]


Indemnification Agreement

September [ ], 2014

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10152

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In connection with the engagement of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (the “ Bank ”) to assist the undersigned, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., together with its affiliates and subsidiaries (the “ Company ”) with respect to the matters set forth in the Structuring Fee Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 between the Company and the Bank (the “ Agreement ”), in the event that the Bank, any of its affiliates, each other person, if any, controlling the Bank or any of its affiliates, their respective officers, current and former directors, employees and agents, or the successors or assigns of any of the foregoing persons (the Bank and each such other person or entity being referred to as an “ Indemnified Party ”) becomes involved in any capacity in any claim, suit, action, proceeding, litigation, investigation or inquiry (including, without limitation, any shareholder or derivative action or arbitration proceeding) (collectively, a “ Proceeding ”) with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, the Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold each Indemnified Party harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, including the fees and expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Parties, with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review, that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. In addition, in the event that an Indemnified Party becomes involved in any capacity in any Proceeding with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, the Company will reimburse such Indemnified Party for its legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) as such expenses are incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection therewith. Promptly as reasonably practicable after receipt by an Indemnified Party of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, such Indemnified Party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made under this paragraph, notify the Company in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify the Company (i) will not relieve the Company from liability under this paragraph to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and (ii) in any event shall not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this Indemnification Agreement. Counsel to the Indemnified Parties shall be selected by the Bank. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided , however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the Indemnified Parties) also be counsel to the Indemnified Party. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any Proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought hereunder (whether or not the Indemnified Parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless

 

- 4 -


such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such Proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Party.

If such indemnification were not to be available for any reason, the Company agrees to contribute to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses involved (i) in the proportion appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received or sought to be received by the Company and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, in the matters contemplated by the Agreement or (ii) if (but only if and to the extent) the allocation provided for in clause (i) is for any reason held unenforceable, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the party entitled to contribution, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The Company agrees that for the purposes of this paragraph the relative benefits received, or sought to be received, by the Company and its stockholders and affiliates, on the one hand, and the party entitled to contribution, on the other hand, of a transaction as contemplated shall be deemed to be in the same proportion that the total value received or paid or contemplated to be received or paid by the Company or its stockholders or affiliates, as the case may be, as a result of or in connection with the transaction (whether or not consummated) for which the Bank has been retained to perform services bears to the fees paid to the Bank under the Agreement; provided , that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary to assure that the Indemnified Parties are not liable for losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in excess of the amount of fees actually received by the Bank pursuant to the Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any alleged untrue statement or omission or any other alleged conduct relates to information provided by the Company or other conduct by the Company (or its employees or other agents), on the one hand, or by the Bank, on the other hand. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, an Indemnified Party shall not be entitled to contribution from the Company if it is determined that such Indemnified Party was guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and the Company was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Company will not settle any Proceeding in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, whether or not an Indemnified Party is an actual or potential party to such Proceeding, without the Bank’s prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). The foregoing indemnity and contribution agreement shall be in addition to any rights that any Indemnified Party may have at common law or otherwise.

The Company agrees that no Indemnified Party shall have any liability to the Company or any person asserting claims on behalf of or in right of the Company with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review that any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses incurred by the Company resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Bank in performing the services that are the subject of the Agreement.

 

- 5 -


THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM OR DISPUTE OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER WITH RESPECT TO THE SERVICES PERFORMED PURSUANT TO AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AGREEMENT (“ CLAIM ”), DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH BELOW, NO CLAIM MAY BE COMMENCED, PROSECUTED OR CONTINUED IN ANY COURT OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK LOCATED IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK OR IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, WHICH COURTS SHALL HAVE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OVER THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH MATTERS, AND THE COMPANY AND THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND PERSONAL SERVICE WITH RESPECT THERETO. THE COMPANY HEREBY CONSENTS TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION, SERVICE AND VENUE IN ANY COURT IN WHICH ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT IS BROUGHT BY ANY THIRD PARTY AGAINST THE BANK OR ANY INDEMNIFIED PARTY. EACH INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND THE COMPANY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT. THE COMPANY AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON THE COMPANY AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH THE COMPANY IS OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT.

 

- 6 -


The foregoing Indemnification Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any termination of the Bank’s engagement under the Agreement. This Indemnification Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

By:

 

 

Name:  
Title:  

Agreed and Accepted:

 

WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC

By:

 

 

Name:  
Title:  

 

[Indemnification Agreement]

EX.99.(h)(viii)

FORM OF STRUCTURING FEE AGREEMENT

September [ ], 2014

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to the Underwriting Agreement September [ ], 2014 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), by and among Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Fund”), Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “Adviser”) and each of the Underwriters named in Schedule I thereto, with respect to the issue and sale of the Fund’s Common Shares (the “Offering”), as described therein. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings given to them in the Underwriting Agreement.

1. Fee. In consideration of your services in offering advice relating to the structure, design and organization of the Fund and the distribution of its common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”), which may but need not necessarily include views from an investor market and distribution perspective on (i) diversification, proportion and concentration approaches for the Fund’s investments in light of current market conditions, (ii) marketing issues with respect to the Fund’s investment policies and proposed investments and (iii) the overall marketing and positioning thesis for the Fund’s initial public offering, which services may be completed by your affiliate in your sole discretion, the Adviser shall pay a fee to you in the aggregate amount of $[ ] (the “Fee”). The Fee shall be paid after the closing of the purchase and sale of the Common Shares pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, and on or before October [ ], 2014. The payment shall be made by wire transfer to the order of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. The Adviser acknowledges that the Fee is in addition to any compensation you earn in connection with your role as an underwriter to the Fund in the Offering, which services are distinct from and in addition to the marketing and structuring services described above. In the event the Offering does not proceed, you will not receive any fees under this Agreement; however, for the avoidance of doubt, accountable expenses actually incurred may be payable to you pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement.

2. Term. This Agreement shall terminate upon the payment of the entire amount of the Fee, as specified in Section 1 hereof.

3. Indemnification. The Adviser agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Agreement attached hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination, expiration or supersession of this Agreement.

4. Not an Investment Adviser; No Fiduciary Duty. The Adviser acknowledges that you are not providing any advice hereunder as to the value of securities or regarding the advisability of purchasing or selling any securities for the Fund’s portfolio. No provision of this Agreement

 

- 1 -


shall be considered as creating, nor shall any provision create, any obligation on the part of you, and you are not agreeing hereby, to: (i) furnish any advice or make any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities; or (ii) render any opinions, valuations or recommendations of any kind or to perform any such similar services. Neither this Agreement nor the performance of the services contemplated hereunder shall be considered to constitute a partnership, association or joint venture between you and the Adviser. In addition, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to constitute you as the agent or employee of the Adviser or the Adviser as your agent or employee, and neither party shall make any representation to the contrary. It is understood that you are engaged hereunder as an independent contractor solely to provide the services described above to the Adviser and that you are not acting as an agent or fiduciary of, and you shall not have any duties or liability to, the current or future partners, members or equity owners of the Adviser or any other third party in connection with its engagement hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived to the extent permitted under applicable law. Furthermore, the Adviser agrees that it is solely responsible for making its own judgments in connection with the matters covered by this Agreement (irrespective of whether you have advised or are currently advising the Adviser on related or other matters).

5. Not Exclusive. Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting you or your affiliates from acting as an underwriter or financial adviser or in any other capacity for any other persons (including other registered investment companies or other investment managers). For the avoidance of doubt, it is acknowledged and agreed that the Adviser may pay compensation of any kind to any other person for services the same as, or similar to, the services provided by Citigroup Global Markets Inc. hereunder, and for services relating to (i) securing syndicate participants in the Fund’s initial public offering, (ii) preparation, marketing and diligence materials of the underwriters, (iii) conveying information and marketing updates to the underwriters, and (iv) coordinating syndicate orders in the offering of the Common Shares.

6. Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without prior written consent of the other party.

7. Amendment; Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto.

8. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

9. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or other electronic transmission that accurately depicts a manual signature shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

[END OF TEXT]

 

- 2 -


This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first written above.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.
By:    
  Name:
  Title:

Agreed and Accepted:

 

CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
By:    
Name:   Kevin Deignan
Title:   Managing Director

 

- 3 -


Indemnification Agreement

September [•], 2014

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

Ladies and Gentlemen:

In connection with the engagement of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (the “Bank”) to advise and assist the undersigned, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “Company”), with respect to the matters set forth in the Structuring Fee Agreement dated September [ ], 2014 between the Company and the Bank (the “Agreement”), in the event that the Bank, any of its affiliates, each other person, if any, controlling the Bank or any of its affiliates, their respective officers, current and former directors, employees and agents or the successors or assigns of any of the foregoing persons (the Bank and each such other person or entity being referred to as an “Indemnified Party”) becomes involved in any capacity in any claim, suit, action, proceeding, investigation or inquiry (including, without limitation, any shareholder or derivative action or arbitration proceeding) (collectively, a “Proceeding”) with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, the Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold each Indemnified Party harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Parties, with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review, that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and reasonable expenses resulted primarily from the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. In addition, in the event that an Indemnified Party becomes involved in any capacity in any Proceeding with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, the Company will reimburse such Indemnified Party for legal and other expenses (including the cost of any investigation and preparation) as such expenses are incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection therewith. Promptly as reasonably practicable after receipt by an Indemnified Party of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, such Indemnified Party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made under this paragraph, notify the Company in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify the Company (i) will not relieve the Company from liability under this paragraph to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and (ii) in any event shall not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this Indemnification Agreement. Counsel to the Indemnified Parties shall be selected by the Bank. The Company may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the Company shall not (except with the consent of the Indemnified Parties) also be counsel to the Indemnified Parties. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body,

 

- 1 -


commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought hereunder (whether or not the Indemnified Parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Party.

If such indemnification were not to be available for any reason, the Company agrees to contribute to the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses involved (i) in the proportion appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received or sought to be received by the Company and its partners and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, in the matters contemplated by the Agreement or (ii) if (but only if and to the extent) the allocation provided for in clause (i) is for any reason held unenforceable, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company and its partners and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The Company agrees that for the purposes of this paragraph the relative benefits received, or sought to be received, by the Company and its partners and affiliates, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Parties, on the other hand, of a transaction as contemplated shall be deemed to be in the same proportion that the total value received by or paid to or contemplated to be received by or paid to the Company or its partners or affiliates, as the case may be, as a result of or in connection with the transaction (whether or not consummated) for which the Bank has been retained to perform services bears to the fees paid to the Bank under the Agreement; provided, that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary to assure that the Indemnified Parties are not liable for losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in excess of the amount of fees actually received by the Bank pursuant to the Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any alleged untrue statement or omission or any other alleged conduct relates to information provided by the Company or other conduct by the Company (or its employees or other agents), on the one hand, or by the Bank, on the other hand. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, an Indemnified Party shall not be entitled to contribution from the Company if it is determined that such Indemnified Party was guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) and the Company was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Company will not settle any Proceeding in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, whether or not an Indemnified Party is an actual or potential party to such Proceeding, without the Bank’s prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). The foregoing indemnity and contribution agreement shall be in addition to any rights that any Indemnified Party may have at common law or otherwise.

The Company agrees that no Indemnified Party shall have any liability to the Company or any person asserting claims on behalf of or in right of the Company with respect to the services performed pursuant to and in accordance with the Agreement, except to the extent that it shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a judgment that has become final in that it is no longer subject to appeal or other review that any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses incurred by the Company resulted primarily from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Bank in performing the services that are the subject of the Agreement.

 

- 2 -


The term “Company” shall not include any registered investment company, or other client for which the Company or any of its affiliates serves as the investment adviser.

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM OR DISPUTE OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER WITH RESPECT TO THE SERVICES PERFORMED PURSUANT TO AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AGREEMENT (“CLAIM”), DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH BELOW, NO CLAIM MAY BE COMMENCED, PROSECUTED OR CONTINUED IN ANY COURT OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK LOCATED IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK OR IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, WHICH COURTS SHALL HAVE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OVER THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH MATTERS, AND THE COMPANY AND THE INDEMNIFIED PARTIES CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND PERSONAL SERVICE WITH RESPECT THERETO. THE COMPANY HEREBY CONSENTS TO PERSONAL JURISDICTION, SERVICE AND VENUE IN ANY COURT IN WHICH ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT IS BROUGHT BY ANY THIRD PARTY AGAINST THE BANK OR ANY INDEMNIFIED PARTY. EACH INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND THE COMPANY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT. EACH OF THE INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND THE COMPANY AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY PROCEEDING OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND BINDING UPON THE INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND THE COMPANY, AS THE CASE MAY BE, AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN ANY OTHER COURTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF WHICH THE INDEMNIFIED PARTY AND THE COMPANY, AS THE CASE MAY BE, IS OR MAY BE SUBJECT, BY SUIT UPON SUCH JUDGMENT OR OTHER AVAILABLE JUDICIAL PROCESS.

 

- 3 -


The foregoing Indemnification Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any termination of the Bank’s engagement under the Agreement. This Indemnification Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

Very truly yours,

 

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.
By:    
  Name:
  Title:

Agreed and Accepted:

 

CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
By:    
  Name: Kevin Deignan
  Title: Managing Director

 

- 1 -

EX.99.(j)

CUSTODIAN CONTRACT

BETWEEN

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

AND

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

This Contract between Goldman Sachs Trust, a Massachusetts business trust, organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, having its principal place of business at 4900 Sears Tower, Chicago, Illinois 60606, hereinafter called the “Trust,” and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company, having its principal place of business at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02110, hereinafter called the “Custodian,”

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, the Trust is authorized to issue units in separate series, with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets; and

WHEREAS, the Trust presently offers units in three series, known as the GS Short-Term Government Agency Fund, GS Global Income Fund and GS Adjustable Rate Government Agency Fund (such series together with all other series subsequently established by the Trust and made subject to this Contract in accordance with paragraph 7, being herein referred to as the “Fund(s)”);

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Employment of Custodian and Property to be Held by It

The Trust hereby employs the Custodian as the custodian of the assets of the Funds of the Trust, including securities which the Trust, on behalf of the applicable Fund, desires to be held in places within the United States (“domestic securities”) and securities it desires to be held outside the United States (“foreign securities”) pursuant to the provisions of the Trust’s Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) and By-laws. The Trust on behalf of the Fund(s) agrees to deliver to the Custodian all securities and cash of the Fund(s), and all payments of income, payments of principal or capital distributions received by it with respect to all securities owned by the Fund(s) from time to time, and the cash consideration received by it for such new or treasury units of beneficial interest of the Trust representing interests in the Fund(s), (“Units”) as may be issued or sold from time to time. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any property of a Fund held or received by the Fund and not delivered to the Custodian.

Upon receipt of “Proper Instructions” (within the meaning of Section 5), the Custodian shall on behalf of the applicable Fund(s) from time to time employ one or more subcustodians located in the United States, but only in accordance with an applicable vote by the Board of Trustees of the Trust on behalf of the applicable Fund(s), and provided that the Custodian shall have no more or less responsibility or liability to the Trust on

 

1


account of any actions or omissions of any subcustodian so employed than any such subcustodian has to the Custodian. The Custodian may employ as subcustodian for the Trust’s foreign securities on behalf of a Fund the foreign building institutions and foreign securities depositories designated in Schedule A hereto but only in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.

 

2. Duties of the Custodian with Respect to Property of the Trust Held by the Custodian In the United States

 

  2.1 Holding Securities . The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Fund all non-cash property, to be held by it in the United States, including all domestic securities owned by such Fund, other than (a) securities which are maintained pursuant to Section 2.10 in a clearing agency which acts as a securities depository or in a book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, collectively referred to herein as “Securities System” and (b) commercial paper of an Issuer for which State Street Bank and Trust Company acts as issuing and paying agent (“Direct Paper”) which is deposited and/or maintained in the Direct Paper System of the Custodian pursuant to Section 2.10A.

 

  2.2 Delivery of Securities . The Custodian shall release and deliver domestic securities owned by a Fund held by the Custodian or in a Securities System account of the Custodian or in the Custodian’s Direct Paper book entry system account (“Direct Paper System Account”) only upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the applicable Fund, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

 

  (1) Upon sales of such securities for the account of the Fund and receipt of payment therefor;

 

  (2) Upon the receipt of payment in connection with any repurchase agreement related to such securities entered into by the Fund;

 

  (3) In the case of a sale effected through a Securities System, in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.10 hereof;

 

  (4) To the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for securities for the Fund;

 

  (5) To the issuer thereof or its agent when such securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable; provided that, in any such case, the cash or other consideration is to be delivered to the Custodian;

 

  (6)

To the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Fund or into the name of any nominee or nominees of the Custodian or into the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.9 or into the name or nominee name of any subcustodian appointed pursuant to

 

2


  Article 1; or for exchange for a different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units; provided that, in any such case, the new securities are to be delivered to the Custodian;

 

  (7) Upon the sale of such securities for the account of the Fund, to the broker or its clearing agent, against a receipt, for examination in accordance with “street delivery” custom; provided that in any such case, the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such securities prior to receiving payment for such securities except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

 

  (8) For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

 

  (9) In the case of warrants, rights or similar securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

 

  (10) For delivery in connection with any loans of securities made by a Fund, but only against receipt of adequate collateral as agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Fund, which may be in the form of cash or obligations issued by the United States government, its agencies or instrumentalities, except that in connection with any loans for which collateral is to be credited to the Custodian’s account in the book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Custodian will not be held liable or responsible for the delivery of securities owned by the Fund prior to the receipt of such collateral;

 

  (11) For delivery as security in connection with any borrowings by the Trust on behalf of the Fund requiring a pledge of assets by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, but only against receipt of amounts borrowed;

 

  (12) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Trust on behalf of the Fund, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and a member of The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”), relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange, or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund;

 

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  (13) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Trust on behalf of the Fund, the Custodian, and a Futures Commission Merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act, relating to compliance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and/or any Contract Market, or any similar organization or organizations, regarding account deposits in connection with the transactions by the Fund;

 

  (14) Upon receipt of instructions from the transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”) for the Trust, for delivery to such Transfer Agent or to the holders of units in connection with distributions in kind, as may be described from time to time in the currently effective prospectus and statement of additional information of the Trust, related to the Fund (“Prospectus”), in satisfaction of requests by holders of Units for repurchase or redemption; and

 

  (15) For any other proper corporate purpose, but only upon receipt of, in addition to Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the applicable Fund, a certified copy of a resolution of the Board of Trustees or of the Executive Committee signed by an officer of the Trust and certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, specifying the securities of the Fund to be delivered, setting forth the purpose for which such delivery is to be made, declaring such purpose to be a proper corporate purpose, and naming the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

 

2.3 Registration of Securities . Domestic securities held by the Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered in the name of the Fund or in the name of any nominee of the Trust on behalf of the Fund or of any nominee of the Custodian which nominee shall be assigned exclusively to the Fund, unless the Trust has authorized in writing the appointment of a nominee to be used in common with other registered investment companies having the same investment adviser as the Fund, or in the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.9 or in the name of nominee name of any subcustodian appointed pursuant to Article 1. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Fund under the terms of this Contract shall be in “street name” or other good delivery form. If, however, the Trust directs the Custodian to maintain securities in a “street name,” the custodian shall utilize its best efforts only to timely collect income due the Trust on such securities and to notify the Trust on a best efforts basis only of relevant corporate actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.

 

2.4

Bank Accounts . The Custodian shall open and maintain a separate bank account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Fund of the Trust, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this

 

4


  Contract, and shall hold in such account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by it from or for the account of the Fund, other than cash maintained by the Fund in a bank account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Funds held by the Custodian for a Fund may be deposited by it to its credit as Custodian in the Banking Department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided , however, that every bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the investment Company Act of 1940 and that each such bank or trust company and the funds to be deposited with each such bank or trust company shall on behalf of each applicable Fund be approved by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust. Such funds shall be deposited by the Custodian in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.

 

2.5 Availability of Federal Funds . Upon mutual agreement between the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund and the Custodian, the Custodian shall, upon the receipt of Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the Fund, make federal funds available to such Fund as of specified times agreed upon from time to time by the Trust and the Custodian in the amount of checks received in payment for Units of such Fund which are deposited into the Fund’s account.

 

2.6 Collection of Income . Subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to registered securities held hereunder to which each Fund shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business, and shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to bearer securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, such securities are held by the Custodian or its agent thereof and shall credit such income, as collected, to such Fund’s custodian account. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Custodian shall detach and present for payment all coupons and other income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities held hereunder. Income due each Fund on securities loaned pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.2 (10) shall be the responsibility of the Trust. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility in connection therewith, other than to provide the Trust with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Trust in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Fund is properly entitled.

 

2.7 Payment of Trust Monies . Upon receipt of Proper instructions from the Trust on behalf of the applicable Fund, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out monies of a Fund in the following cases only:

 

  (1) Upon the purchase of domestic securities, options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts for the account of the Fund but only:

 

5


  (a) Against the delivery of such securities or evidence of title to such options, futures contracts to the Custodian (or any bank, banking firm or trust company doing business in the United States or abroad which is qualified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, to act as a custodian and has been designated by the Custodian as its agent for this purpose) registered in the name of the Fund or in the name of a nominee of the Custodian referred to in Section 2.3 hereof or in proper form for transfer;

 

  (b) In the case of a purchase effected through a Securities System, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.10 hereof;

 

  (c) In the case of a purchase involving the Direct Paper System, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.10A;

 

  (d) In the case of repurchase agreements entered into between the Trust on behalf of the Fund and the Custodian, or another bank, or a broker-dealer which is a member of NASD:

 

  (i) against delivery of the securities either in certificate form or through an entry crediting the Custodian’s account at the Federal Reserve Bank with such securities; or

 

  (ii) against delivery of the receipt evidencing purchase by the Fund of securities owned by the Custodian along with written evidence of the agreement by the Custodian to repurchase such securities from the Fund; or

 

  (e) For transfer to a time deposit account of the Trust in any bank, whether domestic or foreign; such transfer may be effected prior to receipt of a confirmation from a broker and/or the applicable bank pursuant to Proper Instructions from the Trust as defined in Section 5;

 

  (2) In connection with conversion, exchange or surrender of securities owned by the Fund as set forth in Section 2.2 hereof;

 

  (3) For the redemption or repurchase of Units issued by the Fund as set forth in Section 4.2 hereof;

 

  (4) For the payment of any expense or liability incurred by the Fund, including but not limited to the following payments for the account of the Fund: interest, taxes, management, accounting, transfer agent and legal fees, and operating expenses of the Trust whether or not such expenses are to be in whole or part capitalized or treated as deferred expenses;

 

  (5) For the payment of any dividends on Units of the Fund declared pursuant to the governing documents of the Trust;

 

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  (6) For payment of the amount of dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

 

  (7) For any other proper purpose, but only upon receipt of, in addition to Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the Fund, a certified copy of a resolution of the Board of Trustees or of the Executive Committee of the Trust signed by an officer of the Trust and certified by its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, specifying the amount of such payment, setting forth the purpose for which such payment is to be made, declaring such purpose to be a proper purpose, and naming the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

 

2.8 Liability for Payment in Advance of Receipt of Securities Purchased . Except as specifically stated otherwise in this Contract, in any and every case where payment for purchase of domestic securities for the account of a Fund is made by the Custodian in advance of receipt of the securities purchased in the absence of specific written instructions from the Trust on behalf of such Fund to so pay in advance, the Custodian shall be absolutely liable to the Trust for such securities to the same extent as if the securities had been received by the Custodian.

 

2.9 Appointment of Agents . The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint (and may at any time remove) any other bank or trust company which is itself qualified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, to act as a custodian, as its agent to carry out such of the provisions of this Article 2 as the Custodian may from time to time direct; provided , however, that the appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of its responsibilities or liabilities hereunder.

 

2.10 Deposit of Trust Assets in Securities System . The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain securities owned by a Fund in a clearing agency registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which acts as a securities depository, or in the book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and certain federal agencies, collectively referred to herein as “Securities System” in accordance with Exchange Commission rules and regulations, if any, and subject to the following provisions:

 

  (1) The Custodian may keep securities of the Fund in a Securities System provided that such securities are represented in an account (“Account”) of the Custodian in the Securities System which shall not include any assets of the Custodian other than assets held as a fiduciary, custodian or otherwise for customers;

 

  (2) The, records of the Custodian with respect to securities of the Fund which are maintained in a Securities System shall identify by book-entry those securities belonging to the Fund;

 

7


  (3) The Custodian shall pay for securities purchased for the account of the Fund upon:

 

  (a) Receipt of advice from the Securities System that such securities have been transferred to the Account; and

 

  (b) The making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such payment and transfer for the account of the Fund.

The Custodian shall transfer securities sold for the account of the Fund upon:

 

  (a) Receipt of advice from the Securities System that payment for such securities has been transferred to the Account; and

 

  (b) The making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such transfer and payment for the account of the Fund.

Copies of all advices from the Securities System of transfers of securities for the account of the Fund shall identify the Fund, be maintained for the Fund by the Custodian and be provided to the Trust at its request. Upon request, the Custodian shall furnish the Trust on behalf of the Fund confirmation of each transfer to or from the account of the Fund in the form of a written advice or notice and shall furnish to the Trust on behalf of the Fund copies of daily transaction sheets reflecting each day’s transactions in the Securities System for the account of the Fund.

 

  (4) The Custodian shall provide the Trust for the Fund with any report obtained by the Custodian on the Securities System’s accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures for safeguarding securities deposited in the Securities System.

 

  (5) The Custodian shall have received from the Trust on behalf of the Fund the initial or annual certificate, as the case may be, required by Article 14 hereof.

 

  (6) Anything to the contrary in this Contract notwithstanding, the Custodian shall be liable to the Trust for the benefit of the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund resulting from use of the Securities System by reason of any negligence, misfeasance or misconduct of the Custodian or any of its agents or of any of its or their employees or from failure of the Custodian or any such agent to enforce effectively such rights as it may have against the Securities System; at the election of the Trust, it shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claim against the Securities System or any other person which the Custodian may have as a consequence of any such loss or damage if and to the extent that the Fund has not been made whole for any such loss or damage.

 

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2.10A Trust Assets Held in the Custodian’s Direct Paper System. The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain securities owned by a Fund in the Direct Paper System of the Custodian subject to the following provisions:

 

  (1) No transactions relating to securities in the Direct Paper System will be effected in the absence of Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the Fund.

 

  (2) The Custodian may keep securities of the Fund in the Direct Paper System only if such securities are represented in an account (“Account”) of the Custodian in the Direct Paper System which shall not include any assets of the Custodian other than assets held as a fiduciary, custodian or otherwise for customers.

 

  (3) The records of the Custodian with respect to securities of the Fund which are maintained in the Direct Paper System shall identify by book-entry those securities belonging to the Fund.

 

  (4) The Custodian shall pay for securities purchased for the account of the Fund upon the making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such payment and transfer of securities to the account of the Fund. The Custodian shall transfer securities sold for the account of the Fund upon the making of an entry on the records of the Custodian to reflect such transfer and receipt of payment for the account of the Fund.

 

  (5) The Custodian shall furnish the Trust on behalf of the Fund confirmation of each transfer to or from the account of the Fund, in the form of a written advice or notice, of Direct Paper on the next business day following such transfer and shall furnish to the Trust on behalf of the Fund copies of daily transaction sheets reflecting each day’s transaction in the Securities System for the account of the Fund.

 

  (6) The Custodian shall provide the Trust on behalf of the Fund with any report on its system of internal accounting control as the Trust may reasonably request from time to time.

 

  2.11

Segregated Account . The Custodian shall upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each such Fund, into which account or accounts may be transferred cash and/or securities, including securities maintained in an account by the Custodian pursuant to Section 2.10 hereof, (i) in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Trust on behalf of the Fund, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the Exchange Act and a member of the NASD (or any futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act), relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange (or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or any registered contract market), or of

 

9


  any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund, (ii) for purposes of segregating cash or government securities in connection with options purchased, sold or written by the Fund or commodity futures contract or options thereon purchased or sold by the Fund, (iii) for the purposes of compliance by the Fund with the procedures required by Investment Company Act Release No. 10666, or any subsequent release or releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the maintenance of segregated accounts by registered investment companies and (iv) upon receipt of, in addition to Proper Instructions from the Trust on behalf of the applicable Fund, a certified copy of a resolution of the Board of Trustees or of the Executive Committee signed by an officer of the Trust and certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, setting forth the purpose or purposes of such segregated account and declaring such purposes to be proper corporate purposes.

 

  2.12 Ownership Certificates for Tax Purposes . The Custodian shall execute ownership and other certificates and affidavits for all federal and state tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to securities of each Fund held by it and in connection with transfers of securities.

 

  2.13 Proxies . The Custodian shall, with respect to the domestic securities held hereunder, cause to be promptly executed by the registered holder of such securities, if the securities are registered otherwise than in the name of the Fund or a nominee of the Fund, all proxies, without indication of the manner in which such proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to such securities.

 

  2.14 Communications Relating to Fund Securities . Subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the Trust for each Fund all written information (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of securities and expirations of rights in connection therewith and notices of exercise of call and put options written by the Trust on behalf of the Fund and the maturity of futures contracts purchased or sold by the Fund) received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities being held for the Fund. With respect to tender or exchange offers, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities whose tender or exchange is sought and from the party (or his agents) making the tender or exchange offer. If the Fund desires to take action with respect to any tender offer, exchange offer or any other similar transaction, the Fund shall notify the Custodian at least three business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take such action.

 

3. Duties of the Custodian with Respect to Property of the Trust Held Outside of the United States

 

  3.1

Appointment of Foreign Subcustodians . The Trust hereby authorizes and instructs the Custodian to employ as subcustodians for the Fund’s securities and other assets maintained outside the United States the foreign banking institutions

 

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  and foreign securities depositories designated on Schedule A hereto (“foreign subcustodians”). Upon receipt of “Proper Instructions”, as defined in Section 5 of this Contract, together with a certified resolution of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Custodian and the Trust may agree to amend Schedule A hereto from time to time to designate additional foreign banking institutions and foreign securities depositories to act as subcustodian. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Trust may instruct the Custodian to cease the employment of any one or more such subcustodians for maintaining custody of the Fund’s assets.

 

  3.2 Assets to be Held . The Custodian shall limit the securities and other assets maintained in the custody of the foreign subcustodians to: (a) “foreign securities,” as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of Rule 17f-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and (b) cash and cash equivalents in such amounts as the Custodian or the Trust may determine to be reasonably necessary to effect the Fund’s foreign securities transactions.

 

  3.3 Foreign Securities Depositories . Except as may otherwise be agreed upon in writing by the Custodian and the Trust, assets of the Fund shall be maintained in foreign securities depositories only through arrangements implemented by the foreign banking institutions serving as subcustodians pursuant to the terms hereof. Where possible, such arrangements shall include entry into agreements containing the provisions set forth in Section 3.5 hereof.

 

  3.4 Segregation of Securities . The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to each applicable Fund of the Trust, the foreign securities of such Funds held by each foreign subcustodian. Each agreement pursuant to which the Custodian employs a foreign banking institution shall require that such institution establish a custody account for the Custodian on behalf of the Trust for each applicable Fund of the Trust and physically segregate in each account, securities and other assets of the Funds, and, in the event that such institution deposits the securities of one or more of the Funds in a foreign securities depository, that it shall identify on its books as belonging to the Custodian, as agent for each applicable Fund, the securities so deposited.

 

  3.5 Agreements with Foreign Banking Institutions . Each agreement with a foreign banking institution shall be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit 1 hereto and shall provide that: (a) the assets of each Fund will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the foreign banking institution or its creditors or agent, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration; (b) beneficial ownership of the assets of each Fund will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for custody or administration; (c) adequate records will be maintained identifying the assets as belonging to each applicable Fund; (d) officers of or auditors employed by, or other representatives of the Custodian, including to the extent permitted under applicable law the independent public accountants for the Trust, will be given access to the books and records of the foreign banking institution relating to its actions under its agreement with the Custodian; and (e) assets of the Funds held by the foreign subcustodian will be subject only to the instructions of the Custodian or its agents.

 

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  3.6 Access of Independent Accountants of the Trust . Upon request of the Trust, the Custodian will use its best efforts to arrange for the independent accountants of the Trust to be afforded access to the books and records of any foreign banking institution employed as a foreign subcustodian insofar as such books and records relate to the performance of such foreign banking institution under its agreement with the Custodian.

 

  3.7 Reports by Custodian . The Custodian will supply to the Trust from time to time, as mutually agreed upon, statements in respect of the securities and other assets of the Fund held by foreign subcustodians, including but not limited to an identification of entities having possession of Fund securities and other assets and advices or notifications of any transfers of securities to or from each custodial account maintained by a foreign banking institution for the Custodian on behalf of each applicable Fund indicating, as to securities acquired for a Fund, the identity of the entity having physical possession of such securities.

 

  3.8 Transactions in Foreign Custody Account .

 

  (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this Section 3.8, the provision of Sections 2.2 and 2.7 of this Contract shall apply, mutatis mutandis to the foreign securities of the Trust held outside the United States by foreign subcustodians.

 

  (b) Notwithstanding any provision of this Contract to the contrary, settlement and payment for securities received for the account of each applicable Fund and delivery of securities maintained for the account of each applicable Fund may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or securities processing practices and procedures in the jurisdiction or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering securities to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) against a receipt with the expectation of receiving later payment for such securities from such purchaser or dealer.

 

  (c) Securities maintained in the custody of a foreign subcustodian may be maintained in the name of such entity’s nominee to the same extent as set forth in Section 2.3 of this Contract, and the Trust agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of such securities.

 

  3.9

Liability of Foreign Subcustodians . Each agreement pursuant to which the Custodian employs a foreign banking institution as a foreign subcustodian shall require the institution to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties and to indemnify, and hold harmless, the Custodian and each Fund from and

 

12


  against any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the institution’s performance of such obligations. At the election of the Trust, it shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against a foreign banking institution as a consequence of any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim if and to the extent that the Trust has not been made whole for any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim.

 

  3.10 Liability of Custodian . The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of a foreign banking institution to the same extent as set forth with respect to subcustodians generally in this Contract and, regardless of whether assets are maintained in the custody of a foreign banking institution, a foreign securities depository or a branch of a U.S. bank as contemplated by paragraph 3.13 hereof, the Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism or any loss where the subcustodian has otherwise exercised reasonable care. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph 3.10, in delegating custody duties to State Street London Ltd., the Custodian shall not be relieved of any responsibility to the Trust for any loss due to such delegation, except such loss as may result from (a) political risk (including, but not limited to, exchange control restrictions, confiscation, expropriation, nationalization, insurrection, civil strife or armed hostilities) or (b) other losses (excluding a bankruptcy or insolvency of State Street London Ltd. not caused by political risk) due to Acts of God, nuclear incident or other losses under circumstances where the Custodian and State Street London Ltd. have exercised reasonable care.

 

  3.11 Reimbursement for Advances . If the Trust requires the Custodian to advance cash or securities for any purpose for the benefit of a Fund including the purchase or sale of foreign exchange or of contracts for foreign exchange, or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Contract, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligent action, negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, any property at any time held for the account of the applicable Fund shall be security therefor and should the Trust fail to repay the Custodian promptly, the Custodian shall be entitled to utilize available cash and to dispose of such Fund assets to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement.

 

  3.12

Monitoring Responsibilities . The Custodian shall furnish annually to the Trust, during the month of June, information concerning the foreign subcustodians employed by the Custodian. Such information shall be similar in kind and scope to that furnished to the Trust in connection with the initial approval of this Contract. In addition, the Custodian will promptly inform the Trust in the event that the Custodian teams of a material adverse change in the financial condition or custodial capabilities of a foreign subcustodian or any material loss of the assets of the Trust or, in the case of any foreign subcustodian not the subject of an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission, if notified by

 

13


  such foreign subcustodian that there appears to be a substantial likelihood that its unitholders’ equity will decline below $200 million (U.S. dollars or the equivalent thereof) or that its unitholders’ equity has declined below $200 million (in each case computed in accordance with generally accepted U.S. accounting principles).

 

  3.13 Branches of U.S. Banks .

 

  (a) Except as otherwise set forth in this Contract, the provisions of this Article 3 shall not apply where the custody of Fund assets are maintained in a foreign branch of a banking institution which is a “bank” as defined by
Section 2(a)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 meeting the qualification set forth in Section 26(a) of said Act. The appointment of any such branch as a subcustodian shall be governed by paragraph 1 of this Contract.

 

  (b) Cash held for each Fund of the Trust in the United Kingdom shall be maintained in an interest bearing account established for the Trust with the Custodian’s London branch, which account shall be subject to the direction of the Custodian, State Street London Ltd. or both.

 

4. Payments for Sales or Repurchases or Redemptions of Units of the Trust

 

  4.1 Payment for Units . The Custodian shall receive from the distributor for the Units or from the Transfer Agent of the Trust and deposit into the account of the appropriate Fund such payments as are received for Units of that Fund such payments as are received for Units of that Fund issued or sold from time to time by the Trust. The Custodian will provide timely notification to the Trust on behalf of each such Fund and the Transfer Agent of any receipt by it of payments for Units of such Fund.

 

  4.2 Payments for Repurchase or Redemptions of Units of the Trust . From such funds as may be available for the purpose but subject to the limitations of the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and By-laws and any applicable votes of the Board of Trustees of the Trust pursuant thereto, the Custodian shall, upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, make funds available for payment to holders of Units who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption or repurchase of their Units. In connection with the redemption or repurchase of Units of a Fund, the Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming unitholders.

 

5. Proper instructions

Proper Instructions as used throughout this Contract means a writing signed or initialled by one or more person or persons as the Board of Trustees shall have from time to time authorized. Each such writing shall set forth the specific transaction or type of transaction involved, including a specific statement of the purpose for which such action is requested. Oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions if the Custodian

 

14


reasonably believes them to have been given by a person authorized to give such instructions with respect to the transaction involved. The Trust shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing. Upon receipt of a certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary as to the authorization by the Board of Trustees of the Trust accompanied by a detailed description of procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, Proper Instructions may include communications effected directly between electro-mechanical or electronic devices provided that the Board of Trustees and the Custodian are satisfied that such procedures afford adequate safeguards for the Fund’s assets. For purposes of this Section, Proper Instructions shall include instructions received by the Custodian pursuant to any three-party agreement which requires a segregated asset account in accordance with Section 2.11.

 

6. Actions Permitted Without Express Authority

The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund:

 

  (1) Make payments to itself or others for minor expense of handling securities or other similar items relating to its duties under this Contract, provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the Trust on behalf of the Fund;

 

  (2) Surrender securities in temporary form for securities in definitive form;

 

  (3) Endorse for collection, in the name of the Fund, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and

 

  (4) In general, attend to all non-discretional details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and property of the Fund except as otherwise directed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.

 

7. Evidence of Authority

The Custodian shall be protected in acting upon any instructions, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper believed by it to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the Trust. The Custodian may receive and accept a certified copy of a vote of the Board of Trustees of the Trust as conclusive evidence: (i) of the authority of any person to act in accordance with such vote or (ii) of any determination or of any action by the Board of Trustees pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-laws as described in such vote, and such vote may be considered as in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of written notice to the contrary.

 

15


8. Duties of Custodian with Respect to the Books of Account and Calculation of Net Asset Value and Net Income

The Custodian shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to the entity or entities appointed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust to keep the books of account of each Fund and/or compute the net asset value per share of the outstanding Units of each Fund or, if directed in writing to do so by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, shall itself keep such books of account and/or compute such net asset value per share. If so desired, the Custodian shall also calculate daily the net income of the Fund as described in the Trust’s currently effective prospectus related to such Fund and shall advise the Trust and the Transfer Agent daily of the total amounts of such net income and, if instructed in writing by an officer of the Trust to do so, shall advise the Transfer Agent periodically of the division of such net income among its various components. The calculations of the net asset value per share and the daily income of each Fund shall be made at the time or times described from time to time in the Trust’s currently effective prospectus related to such Fund.

 

9. Records

The Custodian shall with respect to each Fund create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Contract in such manner as will meet the obligations of the Trust under the Investment Company Act of 1940, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Trust and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the Trust and employees and agents of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Custodian shall, at the Trust’s request, supply the Trust with a tabulation of securities owned by each Fund and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Trust and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Trust and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations.

 

10. Opinion of Trust’s Independent Accountants

The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Trust’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with the preparation of the Trust’s Form N-1A and Form N-SAR or other annual reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission and with respect to any other requirements of such Commission.

 

11. Reports to Trust by independent Public Accountants

The Custodian shall provide the Trust, on behalf of each Fund at such times as the Trust may reasonably require, with reports by independent public accountants on the accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures for safeguarding securities, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including securities deposited and/or maintained in a Securities system, relating to the services provided by

 

16


the Custodian under this Contract; such reports, shall be of sufficient scope and in sufficient detail as may reasonably be required by the Trust to provide reasonable assurance that any material inadequacies would be disclosed by such examination, and, if there are no inadequacies, the reports shall so state.

 

12. Compensation of Custodian

The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as Custodian, as agreed upon from time to time between the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund and the Custodian.

 

13. Responsibility of the Custodian

So long as and to the extent that it is in the exercise of reasonable care, the Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any property or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Contract and shall be held harmless in acting upon any notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to be signed by the proper party or parties, including any futures commissions merchant acting pursuant to the terms of a three-party futures or options agreement. The Custodian shall be held to the exercise of reasonable care in carrying out the provisions of this Contract, but shall be kept indemnified by and shall be without liability to the Trust for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith without negligence or misconduct; provided, however, that the Custodian uses reasonable care to provide prompt notice to the Trust of (i) the circumstances and all pertinent facts of which the Custodian has knowledge giving rise to the claim for indemnification or the reasonable likelihood that such a claim may be made, and (ii) the Custodian’s claim for such indemnification. The Trust, using counsel of its choice, shall have the option to defend the Custodian against any claim which may be the subject of this indemnification and upon the exercise of such option the Custodian shall not be entitled to indemnification for further legal or other expenses in connection therewith. The Custodian shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise or settlement in any case in which the Trust shall be asked to indemnify the Custodian, except with the prior written consent of the Trust. The Custodian shall be entitled to rely on and may act upon advice of reasonably selected counsel (who may be counsel for the Trust) on all matters, and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the responsibility of the Custodian with respect to redemptions effected by check shall be in accordance with a separate Agreement entered into between the Custodian and the Trust.

The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of a foreign banking institution appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 3 to the same extent as set forth in Article 1 hereof with respect to subcustodians located in the United States (except as specifically provided in Article 3.10) and, regardless of whether assets are maintained in the custody of a foreign banking institution, a foreign securities depository or a branch of a U.S. bank as contemplated by paragraph 3.11 hereof, the Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim resulting from, or caused by, the direction of or authorization by the Trust to maintain custody of any securities or cash of the Trust in a foreign country including, but not limited to, losses resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism.

 

17


If the Trust on behalf of a Fund requires the Custodian to take any action with respect to securities, which action involves the payment of money or which action may, in the opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Trust or the Fund being liable for the payment of money or incurring liability of some other form, the Trust on behalf of the Fund, as a prerequisite to requiring the Custodian to take such action, shall provide Indemnity to the Custodian in an amount and form satisfactory to it.

If the Trust requires the Custodian to advance cash or securities for any purpose for the benefit of a Fund including the purchase or sale of foreign exchange contracts or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Contract, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligent action, negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, any property at any time held for the account of the applicable Fund shall be security therefor and should the Trust fail to repay the Custodian promptly, the Custodian shall be entitled to utilize available cash and to dispose of such Fund’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement.

No series or portfolio of the Trust shall be liable for any claims against any other Fund of the Trust.

 

14. Effective Period, Termination and Amendment

This Contract shall become effective as of its execution, shall continue in full force and effect until terminated as hereinafter provided, may be amended at any time by mutual agreement of the parties hereto and may be terminated by either party by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than thirty (30) days after the date of such delivery or mailing; provided , however, that the Custodian shall not with respect to a Fund act under Section 2.10 hereof in the absence of receipt of an initial certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary that the Board of Trustees of the Trust has approved the initial use of a particular Securities System by such Fund and the receipt of an annual certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary that the Board of Trustees has reviewed the use by such Fund of such Securities System, as required in each case by Rule 17f-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended and that the Custodian shall not with respect to a Fund act under Section 2.10A hereof in the absence of receipt of an initial certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary that the Board of Trustees has approved the initial use of the Direct Paper System by such Fund and the receipt of an annual certificate of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary that the Board of Trustees has reviewed the use by such Fund of the Direct Paper System; provided further , however, that the Trust shall not amend or terminate this Contract in contravention of any applicable federal or estate regulations, or any provision of the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-laws, and further provided, that the Trust on behalf of one or more of the Funds may at any time by action of its Board of Trustees (i) substitute another bank or trust company for the Custodian by giving notice as described above to the Custodian, or

 

18


(ii) immediately terminate this Contract in the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the Custodian by the Comptroller of the Currency or upon the happening of a like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction.

Upon termination of the Contract, the Trust on behalf of each applicable Fund shall pay to the Custodian such compensation as may be due as of the date of such termination and shall likewise reimburse the Custodian for its costs, expenses and disbursements.

 

15. Successor Custodian

If a successor custodian for the Trust, of one or more of the Funds shall be appointed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, the Custodian shall, upon termination, deliver to such successor custodian at the office of the Custodian, duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, all securities of each applicable Fund then held by it hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities of each such Fund held in a Securities System.

If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of a certified copy of a vote of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, deliver at the office of the Custodian and transfer such securities, funds and other properties in accordance with such vote.

In the event that no written order designating a successor custodian or certified copy of a vote of the Board of Trustees shall have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the date when such termination shall become effective, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts, of its own selection, having an aggregate capital, surplus, and undivided profits, as shown by its last published report, of not less than $25,000,000, all securities, funds and other properties held by the Custodian on behalf of each applicable Fund and all instruments held by the Custodian relative thereto and all other property held by it under this Contract on behalf of each applicable Fund and to transfer to an account of such successor custodian all of the securities of each such Fund held in any Securities system. Thereafter, such bank or trust company shall be the successor of the Custodian under this Contract.

In the event that securities, funds and other properties remain in the possession of the Custodian after the date of termination hereof owing to failure of the Trust to procure the certified copy of the vote referred to or of the Board of Trustees to appoint a successor custodian, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian retains possession of such securities, funds and other properties and the provisions of this Contract relating to the duties and obligations of the Custodian shall remain in full force and effect.

 

16. Interpretive and Additional Provisions

In connection with the operation of this Contract, the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of each of the Funds, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in

 

19


addition to the provisions of this Contract as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Contract. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in writing signed by both parties and shall be annexed hereto, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable federal or state regulations or any provision of the Declaration of Trust or By-laws of the Trust. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Contract.

 

17. Additional Funds

In the event that the Trust establishes one or more series of Units in addition to GS Short-Term Government Agency Fund, GS Global Income Fund and GS Adjustable Rate Government Agency Fund, with respect to which it desires to have the Custodian render services as custodian under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Custodian in writing, and if the Custodian agrees in writing to provide such services, such series of Units shall become a Fund hereunder.

 

18. Massachusetts Law to Apply

This Contract shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with laws of Massachusetts.

 

19. Prior Contracts

This Contract supersedes and terminates, as of the date hereof, all prior contracts between the Trust on behalf of each of the Funds and the Custodian relating to the custody of the Trust’s assets.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each of the parties has caused this instrument to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative and its seal to be hereunder affixed as of the 15 day of July, 1991.

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

Attest:  

 

    By:  

 

  Michelle S. Lenzmeier       Stephen Brent Wells
  Assistant Secretary of the Trust       President of the Trust

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

Attest:  

 

    By:  

 

        Its: Vice President

 

20


Schedule A

17f-5 Approval

The Board of Directors/Trustees of GS Japanese Equity has approved certain foreign banking institutions and foreign securities depositories within State Street’s Global Custody Network for use as subcustodians for the Fund’s securities, cash and cash equivalents held outside of the United States. Board approval is as indicated by the Fund’s Authorized Officer:

 

Fund

Officer

Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   State Street’s entire Global Custody network listed below
   Argentina    Citibank, N.A.    Caja de Valores S.A.
   Australia    Westpac Banking Corporation   

Austraclear Limited;

 

Reserve Bank Information and Transfer system (RITS)

   Austria    Erste Bank der oesterreichischen Sparkasen AG    Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG (WertpapierSammelBank Division)
   Bahrain    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    None
   Bangladesh    Standard Chartered Bank    None
   Belgium    Generale Bank    Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Dépôts et de Virements de Titres S.A. (CIK) Banque Nationale de Belgique
   Bermuda    The Bank of Bermuda Limited    None
   Bostwana    Barclays Bank of Botswana Limited    None
   Brazil    Citibank, N.A.   

Càmera de Liquidacāo de Sāo Paula

 

Banco Central do Brasil, Systema Especial de Liquidacāo e Custodia (SELIC)

   Bulgaria    ING Bank N.V.    Central Depository AD
   Canada    Canada Trustco Mortgage Company    The Canadian Depository for Securities Limited (CDS)
   Chile    Citibank, N.A.    None

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 2

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   People’s Republic of China    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Shanghai and Shenzhen branches   

Shanghai Securities Central Clearing and Registration Corporation (SSCCRC);

 

Shenzhen Securities Central Clearing Co. Ltd. (SSCC)

   Colombia    Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria    None
   Croatia    Priviedna Banka Zagreb d.d.    Ministry of Finance
   Cyprus    Barclays Bank PLC Cyprus Offshore Banking Unit    None
   Czech Republic    Československá Obchodní Banka, A.S.   

Stredisko cennych papirtt (SCP);

 

Czech National Bank (CNB)

   Denmark    Den Danske Bank    Vaerdipapircentralen – The Danish Securities Center (VP)
   Ecuador    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Egypt    National Bank of Egypt    Misr Company for Clearing, Settlement, and Central Depository (MCSD)
   Finland    Merita Bank    The Finnish Central Securities Depository (CSD)
   France    Banque Paribas   

Société Interprofessionnelle pour la Compensation des Valcurs Mobilliéres (SICOVAM);

 

Banque de Frances, Saturne Systems

   Germany    Dresdner Bank AG    The Deutscher Kassenverein AG
   Ghana    Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited    None
   Greece    National Bank of Greece S.A.   

The Central Securities Depository (Apothetirion Titlon A.E.);

 

Bank of Greece

   Hong Kong    Standard Chartered Bank    The Central Clearing and Settlement System (CCASS); The Central Money Markets Unit (CMU)
   Hungary    Citibank Rt. Budapest    The Central Depository and Clearing House (Budapest) ltd. (KELER Ltd.)

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 3

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   India    Deutsche Bank AG    The National Securities Depository Limited
     

The Hongkong and Shanghai

Banking Corporation Limited

   The National Securities Depository Limited
   Indonesia    Standard Chartered Bank    None
   Ireland    Bank of Ireland   

None;

 

The Central Bank of Ireland The Gilt Settlement Office (GSO)

   Israel    Bank Hapoalim B.M.    The Clearing House of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange;
   Italy    Banque Paribas    Monte Titoli S.p.A; Banca d’Italia
   Ivory Coast    Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire    None
   Japan    The Daiwa Bank, Limited    Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC); Bank of Japan Net System
      The Fuji Bank, Limited    Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC); Bank of Japan Net System
   Jordan    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    None
   Kenya    Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited    None
   Republic of Korea    Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation    Korea Securities Depository (KSD)
   Lebanon    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd.)   

Custodian and Clearing Center of Financial instruments for Lebanon (MIDCLEAR) S.A.L.;

 

The Central Bank of Lebanon

   Malaysia    Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad    Malaysian Central Depository Sdn. Bhd. (MCD);

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 4

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   Mauritius    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited    The Central Depository & Settlement System (CDS)
   Mexico    Citibank Mexico, S.A.    S.D. INDEVAL, S.A. de C.V. (Instituto para el Depósito de Valores)
   Morocco    Banque Commerciale du Maroc    None
   The Netherlands    MeesPierson N.V.    Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer B.V. (NECIGEF);
   New Zealand    ANZ Banking Group (New Zealand) Limited    New Zealand Central Securites Depository Limited (NZCSD)
   Norway    Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse    Verdipapirsentralen – The Norwegian Registry of Securities (VPS)
   Oman    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    Muscat Securities Market (MSM)
   Pakistan    Deutsche Bank AG    Central Depository Company of Pakistan Ltd.
   Peru    Citibank, N.A.    Caja de Valores y Liquidaciones (CAVALI, S.A.)
   Philippines    Standard Chartered Bank   

The Philippines Central Depository Inc. (PCD);

 

The Book-Entry-System (BES) of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas; The Registry of Scripless Securities (ROSS) of the Bureau of Treasury

   Poland    Citibank Poland S.A.   

The National Depository of Securities (Krajowy Depozyt Papierow Wartosciowyeb);

National Bank of Poland

   Portugal    Banco Comercial Portugues    Central de Valores Mobiliários (Central)
   Romania    ING Bank N.V. Bucharest   

National Securities Clearing, Settlement and Depository Company

 

Buchazest Stock Exchange

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 5

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   Russia    Credit Suisse First Boston, Zurich via Credit Suisse First Boston Limited, Moscow    None
   Singapore    The Development Bank of Singapore Ltd.    The Central Depository (Ptc) Limited (CDP)
   Slovak Republic    Ceskoslovenski Obchodna Banka A.S.   

Stredisko Cennych Papierov (SCP);

 

National Bank of Slovakia

   Slovenia    Banka Creditanstalt d.d    Klirinsko Depotnn Bruzba
   South Africa    Standard Bank of South Africa Limited    The Central Depository Limited
   Spain    Banco Santander, S.A.   

Servicio de Compensación y Liquidación de Valories, S.A. (SCLV);

 

Banco de España, Anotaciones en Cuenta

   Sri Lanka    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited    Central Depository System (Pvt) Limited
   Swaziland    Standard Bank of South Africa Limited    None
   Sweden    Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken    Verdipapirsentralen VPC AB – The Swedish Central Securities Depository
   Switzerland    Union Bank of Switzerland   

Schweizerische Effekten – Giro AG (SEGA);

 

INTERSETTLE

   Taiwan – R.O.C.   

Central Trust of China

or

   The Taiwan Securities Central Depository Company, Ltd. (TSCD)
     

                                                         

(Client Designated Subcustodian)

  
   Thailand    Standard Chartered Bank    Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited (TSD)
   Turkey    Citibank, N.A.   

Takas ve Saklania Bankasi A.S. (TAKASBANK);

 

Central Bank of Turkey

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 6

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   United Kingdom    State Street Bank and Trust Company   

None;

The Bank of England, The Central Gilts Office (CGO); The Central Moneymarkets Office (CMO);

   Uruguay    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Venezuela    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Zambia    Barclays Bank of Zambia Limited    Lusaka Central Depository (LCD)
   Zimbabwe    Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe Limited    None
   Euroclear (The Euroclear System) / State Street London Limited
   Cedel (Cedel Ban, societé anonyme) / State Street London Limited

Certified by:

 

 

Fund’s Authorized Officer

     

 

Date

 


Schedule A

17f-5 Approval

The Board of Directors/Trustees of GS International Small Cap Equity has approved certain foreign banking institutions and foreign securities depositories within State Street’s Global Custody Network for use as subcustodians for the Fund’s securities, cash and cash equivalents held outside of the United States. Board approval is as indicated by the Fund’s Authorized Officer:

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   State Street’s entire Global    Custody network listed below   
   Argentina    Citibank, N.A.    Caja de Valores S.A.
   Australia    Westpac Banking Corporation    Austraclear Limited;
         Reserve Bank Information and Transfer system (RITS)
   Austria    Erste Bank der oesterreichischen Sparkasen AG    Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG (WertpapierSammelBank Division)
   Bahrain    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    None
   Bangladesh    Standard Chartered Bank    None
   Belgium    Generale Bank    Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Dépôts et de Virements de Titres S.A. (CIK)
         Banque Nationale de Belgique
   Bermuda    The Bank of Bermuda Limited    None
   Bostwana    Barclays Bank of Botswana Limited    None
   Brazil    Citibank, N.A.    Càmera de Liquidacāo de Sāo Paula
         Banco Central do Brasil, Systema Especial de Liquidacāo e Custodia (SELIC)
   Bulgaria    ING Bank N.V.    Central Depository AD
   Canada    Canada Trustco Mortgage Company    The Canadian Depository for Securities Limited (CDS)
   Chile    Citibank, N.A.    None


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 2

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   People’s Republic of China    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Shanghai and Shenzhen branches    Shanghai Securities Central Clearing and Registration Corporation (SSCCRC);
         Shenzhen Securities Central Clearing Co. Ltd. (SSCC)
   Colombia    Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria    None
   Croatia    Priviedna Banka Zagreb d.d.    Ministry of Finance
   Cyprus    Barclays Bank PLC Cyprus Offshore Banking Unit    None
   Czech Republic    Československá Obchodní Banka, A.S.    Stredisko cennych papirtt (SCP);
   Denmark    Den Danske Bank    Vaerdipapircentralen – The Danish Securities Center (VP)
   Ecuador    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Egypt    National Bank of Egypt    Misr Company for Clearing, Settlement, and Central Depository (MCSD)
   Finland    Merita Bank    The Finnish Central Securities Depository (CSD)
   France    Banque Paribas    Société Interprofessionnelle pour la Compensation des Valcurs Mobilliéres (SICOVAM);
         Banque de Frances, Saturne Systems
   Germany    Dresdner Bank AG    The Deutscher Kassenverein AG
   Ghana    Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited    None
   Greece    National Bank of Greece S.A.    The Central Securities Depository (Apothetirion Titlon A.E.);
         Bank of Greece
   Hong Kong    Standard Chartered Bank    The Central Clearing and Settlement System (CCASS); The Central Money Markets Unit (CMU)
   Hungary    Citibank Rt. Budapest    The Central Depository and Clearing House (Budapest) ltd. (KELER Ltd.)

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 3

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

   India    Deutsche Bank AG    The National Securities Depository Limited
     

The Hongkong and Shanghai

Banking Corporation Limited

   The National Securities Depository Limited
   Indonesia    Standard Chartered Bank    None
   Ireland    Bank of Ireland    None;
         The Central Bank of Ireland The Gilt Settlement Office (GSO)
   Israel    Bank Hapoalim B.M.    The Clearing House of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange;
   Italy    Banque Paribas    Monte Titoli S.p.A;
         Banca d’Italia
   Ivory Coast    Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire    None
   Japan    The Daiwa Bank, Limited    Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC);
         Bank of Japan Net System
      The Fuji Bank, Limited    Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC);
         Bank of Japan Net System
   Jordan    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    None
   Kenya    Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited    None
   Republic of Korea    Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation    Korea Securities Depository (KSD)
   Lebanon    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd.)    Custodian and Clearing Center of Financial instruments for Lebanon (MIDCLEAR) S.A.L.;
         The Central Bank of Lebanon
   Malaysia    Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad    Malaysian Central Depository Sdn. Bhd. (MCD);

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 4

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

         Bank Nogara Malaysia, Scripless Securities Trading and Safekeeping Systems (SSTS)
   Mauritius    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited    The Central Depository & Settlement System (CDS)
   Mexico    Citibank Mexico, S.A.    S.D. INDEVAL, S.A. de C.V. (Instituto para el Depósito de Valores)
   Morocco    Banque Commerciale du Maroc    None
   The Netherlands    MeesPierson N.V.    Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer B.V. (NECIGEF);
   New Zealand    ANZ Banking Group (New Zealand) Limited    New Zealand Central Securites Depository Limited (NZCSD)
   Norway    Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse    Verdipapirsentralen – The Norwegian Registry of Securities (VPS)
   Oman    The British Bank of the Middle East (as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)    Muscat Securities Market (MSM)
   Pakistan    Deutsche Bank AG    Central Depository Company of Pakistan Ltd.
   Peru    Citibank, N.A.    Caja de Valores y Liquidaciones (CAVALI, S.A.)
   Philippines    Standard Chartered Bank    The Philippines Central Depository Inc. (PCD);
         The Book-Entry-System (BES) of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas; The Registry of Scripless Securities (ROSS) of the Bureau of Treasury
   Poland    Citibank Poland S.A.    The National Depository of Securities (Krajowy Depozyt Papierow Wartosciowyeb);
         National Bank of Poland
   Portugal    Banco Comercial Portugues    Central de Valores Mobiliários (Central)
   Romania    ING Bank N.V. Bucharest    National Securities Clearing,

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 5

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

         Settlement and Depository Company
         Buchazest Stock Exchange
   Russia    Credit Suisse First Boston, Zurich via Credit Suisse First Boston Limited, Moscow    None
   Singapore    The Development Bank of Singapore Ltd.    The Central Depository (Ptc) Limited (CDP)
   Slovak Republic    Ceskoslovenski Obchodna Banka A.S.   

Stredisko Cennych Papierov (SCP);

National Bank of Slovakia

   Slovenia    Banka Creditanstalt d.d    Klirinsko Depotnn Bruzba
   South Africa    Standard Bank of South Africa Limited    The Central Depository Limited
   Spain    Banco Santander, S.A.   

Servicio de Compensación y Liquidación de Valories, S.A. (SCLV);

 

Banco de España, Anotaciones en Cuenta

   Sri Lanka    The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited    Central Depository System (Pvt) Limited
   Swaziland    Standard Bank of South Africa Limited    None
   Sweden    Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken    Verdipapirsentralen VPC AB – The Swedish Central Securities Depository
   Switzerland    Union Bank of Switzerland    Schweizerische Effekten – Giro AG (SEGA);
         INTERSETTLE
   Taiwan – R.O.C.   

Central Trust of China

or

   The Taiwan Securities Central Depository Company, Ltd. (TSCD)
     

                                                 

(Client Designated Subcustodian)

  
   Thailand    Standard Chartered Bank    Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited (TSD)
   Turkey    Citibank, N.A.    Takas ve Saklania Bankasi A.S. (TAKASBANK);

 


Schedule A: 17f-5 Approval

Page 6

 

Fund
Officer
Initials

  

Country

  

Subcustodian

  

Central Depository

         Central Bank of Turkey
   United Kingdom    State Street Bank and Trust Company   

None;

 

The Bank of England, The Central Gilts Office (CGO); The Central Moneymarkets Office (CMO);

   Uruguay    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Venezuela    Citibank, N.A.    None
   Zambia    Barclays Bank of Zambia Limited    Lusaka Central Depository (LCD)
   Zimbabwe    Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe Limited    None
   Euroclear (The Euroclear System) / State Street London Limited
   Cedel (Cedel Ban, Societé anonyme) / State Street London Limited

Certified by:

 

 

      23/4/98     
Fund’s Authorized Officer     Date   

 


AMENDMENT TO THE

CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT, made this 12 th day of May, 1992 by and between STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY (“State Street”) and Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Fund”).

WITNESSETH THAT:

WHEREAS, State Street and the Fund are parties to a Custodian Agreement dated July 15, 1991 (as amended to date, the “Agreement”) which governs the terms and conditions under which State Street maintains custody of the securities and other assets of the Fund:

NOW THEREFORE, State Street and the Fund hereby amend the terms of the Custodian Agreement and mutually agree to the following:

Insert as the final paragraph under Responsibility of Custodian :

If the Fund requires State Street to advance cash or securities for any purpose or in the event that State Street or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligent action, negligent failure to act or willful misconduct, any property at any time held for the account of the Fund shall be security therefor and should the Fund fail to repay State Street promptly, State Street shall be entitled to utilize available cash and to dispose of Fund assets to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this Amendment to be executed in its name and on its behalf by a duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above written.

 

ATTEST:     GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

   

 

    Treasurer
ATTEST:     STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

   

 

Assistant Secretary     Vice President


AMENDMENT TO CUSTODIAN CONTRACT

Agreement made by and between State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custodian”) and Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the Custodian and the Company are parties to a custodian contract dated July 15, 1991 as amended May 12, 1992 (the “Custodian Contract”) governing the terms and conditions under which the Custodian maintains custody of the securities and other assets of the Company; and

WHEREAS, the Custodian and the Company desire to amend the terms and conditions under which the Custodian maintains the Company’s securities and other non-cash property in the custody of certain foreign sub-custodians in conformity with the requirements of Rule 17f-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and covenants contained herein, the Custodian and the Company hereby amend the Custodian Contract by the addition of the following terms and provisions;

1. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary set forth in the Custodian Contract, the Custodian may hold securities and other non-cash property for all of its customers, including the Company, with a foreign sub-custodian in a single account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers, provided however , that (i) the records of the Custodian with respect to securities and other non-cash property of the Company which are maintained in such account shall identify by book-entry those securities and other non-cash property belonging to the Company and (ii) the Custodian shall require that securities and other non-cash property so held by the foreign sub-custodian be held separately from any assets of the foreign sub-custodian or of others.

2. Except as specifically superseded or modified herein, the terms and provisions of the Custodian Contract shall continue to apply with full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this instrument to be executed as a sealed instrument in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative this day of 16 th day of November, 1995.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST
By:  

 

Title:  

 

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By:  

 

Title:  

 


Goldman, Sachs & Co. x 85 Broad Street x New York, New York 10004

Tel: 212-902-1000

Goldman Sachs

May 1, 1997

State Street Bank and Trust Company

One Heritage Drive

North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171

Attention: David Reynolds

Re: Custodian Contract between Goldman Sachs Trust (formerly Institutional Liquid Assets) and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated December 27, 1978, as amended to date

Dear Mr. Reynolds:

This letter is to notify you of the reorganization of the Goldman Sachs Funds which are parties to the above referenced agreement (the “Agreement”).

On April 30, 1997, the investment portfolios (each a “Portfolio”) of Goldman Sachs Equity Portfolios (“GSEP”), a Maryland corporation, Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”), a Massachusetts business trust, and Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust (“MMT”), also a Massachusetts business trust, reorganized into corresponding separate series (each a “Successor Portfolio”) of a newly established Delaware trust, the Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Reorganization”). The Reorganization was approved by the shareholders of GSEP, GST and MMT effective at the close of business on April 30, 1997.

In the Reorganization, each Successor Portfolio received all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of its corresponding Portfolio. As a result of the Reorganization, each Successor Portfolio is carrying on the business of its corresponding Portfolio and has the same investment adviser, other service providers, fee and expense structure and investment objectives, policies and restrictions as such corresponding Portfolio. Accordingly, each Successor Portfolio is the same in all respects as its corresponding Portfolio, with the exception of its state of organization.

Based on the foregoing, we intend that the Agreement will remain in full force and effect with respect to those Successor Portfolios corresponding to Portfolios previously covered by the Agreement. We also intend that any recently created or future portfolios of new Goldman Sachs Trust may be covered by the Agreement, subject to the policies and procedures set forth in the Agreement concerning coverage of new portfolios. The Portfolios previously covered under the Agreement and their corresponding Successor Portfolios are set forth in Appendix A hereto.


State Street Bank and Trust Company

May 1, 1997

Page 2

Please acknowledge your acceptance of and consent to the foregoing by signing below in the space provided and returning in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelope.

 

Very truly yours,

 

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

By:

 

 

  Michael Richman
  Secretary

Acknowledged and Accepted

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
Date:  


Appendix A

 

Portfolios    Corresponding Successor Portfolios
Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust    Goldman Sachs Trust
Goldman Sachs — Institutional Liquid Assets   
Federal Portfolio    Federal Portfolio
Government Portfolio    Government Portfolio
Money Market Portfolio    Money Market Portfolio
Prime Obligations Portfolio    Prime Obligations Portfolio
Tax-Exempt California Portfolio    Tax-Exempt California Portfolio
Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio    Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio
Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio    Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio
Treasury Instruments Portfolio    Treasury Instruments Portfolio
Treasury Obligations Portfolio    Treasury Obligations Portfolio
Financial Square Funds   
Financial Square Federal Fund    Financial Square Federal Fund
Financial Square Government Fund    Financial Square Government Fund
Financial Square Money Market Fund    Financial Square Money Market Fund
Financial Square Money Market Plus Fund    Financial Square Money Market Plus Fund
Financial Square Municipal Money Market Fund    Financial Square Municipal Money Market Fund
Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund    Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund
Financial Square Tax-Free Money Market Fund    Financial Square Tax-Free Money Market Fund
Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund    Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund
Financial Square Treasury Obligations Fund    Financial Square Treasury Obligations Fund


Goldman, Sachs & Co. | 85 Broad Street | New York, New York 10004

Tel: 212-902-1000

Goldman Sachs

September 27, 1999

State Street Bank and Trust Company

One Heritage Drive

North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171

Attention: Gayle Coluccio

 

  Re: Custodian Contract between Goldman Sachs Trust and State Street Bank and Trust Company, dated July 15, 1991, as amended to date

Dear Ms. Coluccio:

This letter is to notify you of the reorganization of the Goldman Sachs Funds which are parties to the above referenced agreement (the “Agreement”).

On April 30, 1997, the investment portfolios (each a “Portfolio”) of Goldman Sachs Equity Portfolios, Inc. (“GSEP”), a Maryland corporation, Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”), a Massachusetts business trust, and Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust (“MMT”), also a Massachusetts business trust, reorganized into corresponding separate series (each a “Successor Portfolio”) of a newly established Delaware trust, the Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Reorganization”). The Reorganization was approved by the shareholders of GSEP, GST and MMT effective at the close of business on April 30, 1997.

In the Reorganization, each Successor Portfolio received all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of its corresponding Portfolio. As a result of the Reorganization, each Successor Portfolio is carrying on the business of its corresponding Portfolio and has the same investment adviser, other service providers, fee and expense structure and investment objectives, policies and restrictions as such corresponding Portfolio. Accordingly, each Successor Portfolio is the same in all respects as its corresponding Portfolio, with the exception of its state of organization.

Based on the foregoing, we intend that the Agreement will remain in full force and effect with respect to those Successor Portfolios corresponding to Portfolios previously covered by the Agreement. We also intend that any recently created or future portfolios of new Goldman Sachs Trust may be covered by the Agreement, subject to the policies and procedures set forth in the Agreement concerning coverage of new portfolios. The Portfolios previously covered under the Agreement and their corresponding Successor Portfolios are set forth in Appendix A hereto.


Please acknowledge your acceptance of and consent to the foregoing by signing below in the space provided and returning in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelope.

Dated as of September 27, 1999.

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST
By:  

 

  Michael Richman
  Secretary

Acknowledged and Accepted

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
Date:  


ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIO AGREEMENT

This Agreement, dated as of September 27, 1999, is between Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Trust”), a business trust organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 4900 Sears Tower, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custodian”), a Massachusetts trust company having its principal place of business at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS , Goldman Sachs Trust and Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust, Massachusetts business trusts and Goldman Sachs Equity Portfolios, Inc., a Maryland corporation (each, a “Predecessor Entity”) have each entered into separate Custodian Contracts with the Custodian dated as of July 15, 1991, December 27, 1978 and April 6, 1990, respectively (each, a “Contract”, and collectively, the “Contracts”);

WHEREAS , pursuant to a reorganization on April 30, 1997, the investment portfolios of each Predecessor entity reorganized into corresponding separate portfolios of the Trust;

WHEREAS , pursuant to three letter agreements between the Trust and the Custodian, each dated as of September 27, 1999, each of the Contracts remains in full force and effect with respect to such separate portfolios of the Trust; and

WHEREAS , each of the Contracts allows for the addition of additional portfolios of investments, pursuant to mutual agreement between the Trust and the Custodian;

NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

That each of the portfolios listed on Appendix A hereto has been added to the corresponding Contract listed on such Appendix A, effective as of the corresponding date listed on such Appendix A.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each of the parties has caused this instrument to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY           GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

By  

 

      By  

 

Its:   Vice Chairman       Its:   Secretary


APPENDIX A

The existing investment portfolios (“Portfolios”) of Goldman Sachs Trust and Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust are as listed below under the respective Custodian Contracts between the Custodian and the Predecessor Entities. The effective dates of the Portfolios added by the initial Custodian Contract or by amendments thereto are noted in parentheses. In addition, the inception dates of the Portfolios that have not been added by prior amendment and/or that were created after the reorganization are noted in parentheses.

 

Pre-Reorganization Trusts and Portfolios of Goldman Sachs Trust

I .      Goldman Sachs Trust

(Agreement dated 7/15/91)

(Amendment to the Agreement dated 5/12/92)

Portfolios Covered by Initial Agreement:

Goldman Sachs Global Income Fund

(Inception 8/2/91)

Goldman Sachs Adjustable Rate Government Fund

(formerly GS Adjustable Rate Government Agency Fund)

(Inception 1/29/93)

Goldman Sachs Short Duration Government Fund

(formerly GS Short-Term Government Agency Fund)

(Inception 2/28/96)

Portfolios Added by Amendment:

Goldman Sachs Short Duration Tax-Free Fund

(amendment dated 9/4/92)

(Inception 10/1/92)

Goldman Sachs Government Agency Portfolio for Banks

(amendment dated 11/20/92)

(Fund has since been terminated)

Goldman Sachs Government Income Fund

(amendment dated 1/29/93)

(Inception 2/10/93)

Goldman Sachs Municipal Income Fund

(amendment dated 6/25/93)

(Inception 7/20/93)

Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund

(amendment dated 10/6/93)

(Inception 1/5/94)

Goldman Sachs Adjustable Rate Mortgage Fund

(amendment dated 1/29/93)

(Fund has since been terminated)

Goldman Sachs New York Municipal Income Fund

(amendment dated 1/24/94)

(Fund has since been terminated)

Goldman Sachs California Municipal Income Fund

(amendment dated 1/24/94)

(Fund has since been terminated)

Portfolios Created After Reorganization:

Goldman Sachs High Yield Fund

(Inception 8/1/97)

II .      Goldman Sachs Equity Portfolios, Inc.

(Agreement dated 4/6/90)


Portfolios Covered by Initial Agreement:

Goldman Sachs Capital Growth Fund

(Inception 4/20/90)

Portfolios Added by Amendment:

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund

(formerly Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Fund)

(amendment dated 10/15/92)

(Inception 10/22/92)

Goldman Sachs International Equity Fund

(amendment dated 11/20/92

(Inception 12/1/92)

Goldman Sachs Growth and Income Fund

(amendment dated 1/29/93)

(Inception 2/5/93)

Goldman Sachs Asia Growth Fund

(amendment dated 9/9/94)

(Inception 7/8/94)

Goldman Sachs Balanced Fund

(amendment dated 10/7/94)

(Inception 10/12/94)

Goldman Sachs Growth Opportunities Fund

(amendment dated 4/12/99)

(Inception 5/24/99)

Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund

(amendment dated 4/12/99)

(Inception 5/24/99)

Goldman Sachs Internet TollKeeper Fund

(amendment dated 7/19/99)

(Inception 10/1/99)

Goldman Sachs Asset Allocation Portfolios:

Goldman Sachs Conservative Strategy Portfolio

(amendment dated 1/6/99)

(Inception 2/8/99)

Portfolios Not Added by Prior Amendment:

Goldman Sachs CORE U.S. Equity Fund

(Inception 5/24/91)

Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Fund

(Inception 8/1/95)

Portfolios Created After Reorganization:

Goldman Sachs CORE Large Cap Growth Fund

(Inception 5/1/97)

Goldman Sachs CORE International Equity Fund

(Inception 12/15/97)

Goldman Sachs CORE Small Cap Equity Fund

(Inception 8/15/97)

Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Equity Fund

(Inception 12/15/97)

Goldman Sachs International Small Cap Fund

(Inception 5/1/98)

Goldman Sachs Japanese Equity Fund

(Inception 5/1/98)

Goldman Sachs European Equity Fund

(Inception 10/1/98)

Goldman Sachs CORE Large Cap Value Fund

(Inception 12/31/98)


Goldman Sachs Real Estate Securities Fund

(Inception 7/27/98)

Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund

(Inception 10/30/99)

Goldman Sachs Asset Allocation Portfolios:

Goldman Sachs Balanced Strategy Portfolio

(Inception 1/2/98)

Goldman Sachs Growth and Income Strategy Portfolio

(Inception 1/2/98)

Goldman Sachs Growth Strategy Portfolio

(Inception 1/2/98)

Goldman Sachs Aggressive Growth Strategy Portfolio

(Inception 1/2/98)

III.    Institutional Liquid Assets (“ILA”)

(Agreement dated 12/27/78)

(Amendments to Agreement dated 10/4/88 and 5/12/92)

ILA Portfolios Added by Amendment:

Reserved Federal Portfolio

(amendment dated 4/28/80)

(Fund has since been terminated)

Reserved Diversified Portfolio

(amendment dated 4/28/80)

(Fund has since been terminated)

ILA Treasury Obligations Portfolio

(amendment dated 10/28/81)

(Inception 12/1/81)

ILA Money Market Portfolio

(amendment dated 11/17/87)

(Inception 12/2/87)

ILA Federal Portfolio

(amendment dated 6/9/89)

(Inception 5/22/89)

ILA Tax-Exempt Diversified Portfolio

(amendment dated 6/11/90)

(Inception 3/3/88)

ILA Tax-Exempt California Portfolio

(amendment dated 6/11/90)

(Inception 10/3/88)

ILA Treasury Instruments Portfolio

(amendment dated 2/15/91)

(Inception 1/30/91)

ILA Tax-Exempt New York Portfolio

(amendment dated 2/15/91)

(Inception 2/15/91)

ILA Tax-Exempt New Jersey Portfolio

(amendment dated 2/15/91)

(Fund has since been terminated)

ILA Portfolios Not Added by Amendment:

ILA Government Portfolio

(Inception 1/1/81)

ILA Prime Obligations Portfolio

(Inception 1/1/81)


On November 15, 1994, Institutional Liquid Assets and Financial Square Money Market Trust Merged into Goldman Sachs Money Market Trust
Financial Square Portfolios Added by Amendment:

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Federal Fund

(amendment dated 2/28/97)

(Inception 2/28/97)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund

(amendment dated 2/28/97)

(Inception 3/3/97)

Financial Square Portfolios Not Added by Prior Amendment:

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund

(Inception 3/8/90)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Treasury Obligations Fund

(Inception 3/8/90)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Government Fund

(Inception 4/6/93)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Money Market Fund

(Inception 5/18/94)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Tax-Free Money Market Fund

(Inception 7/19/94)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Premium Money Market Fund

(Inception 8/1/97)

Goldman Sachs Financial Square Municipal Money Market Fund

(Fund has not commenced operations)


AMENDMENT TO CUSTODIAN CONTRACT

This Amendment to the Custodian Contract is made as of July 2, 2001 by and between Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Fund”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custodian”). Capitalized terms used in this Amendment without definition shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Custodian Contract referred to below.

WHEREAS, the Fund and the Custodian entered into a Custodian Contract dated as of July 15, 1991 (as amended and in effect from time to time, the “Contract”);

WHEREAS, the Fund is authorized to issue shares in separate series, with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets, and the Fund has made such separate series listed on Attachment I attached hereto subject to the Contract (each such series, together with all other series subsequently established by the Fund and made subject to the Contract in accordance with the terms thereof, shall be referred to as a “Portfolio”, and, collectively, the “Portfolios”);

WHEREAS, the Fund and the Custodian desire to amend certain provisions of the Contract to reflect revisions to Rule 17f-5 (“Rule 17f-5”) and the adoption of Rule 17f-7 (“Rule 17f-7”) promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”); and

WHEREAS, the Fund and the Custodian desire to amend and restate certain other provisions of the Contract relating to the custody of assets of each of the Portfolios held outside of the United States.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereby agree to amend the Contract, pursuant to the terms thereof, as follows:

 

I. Article 3 of the Contract is hereby deleted, and Articles 4 through 19 of the Contract are hereby renumbered, as of the effective date of this Amendment, as Articles 5 through 21, respectively.

 

II. New Articles 3 and 4 of the Contract are hereby added, as of the effective date of this Amendment, as set forth below.

 

3. Provisions Relating to Rules 17f-5 and 17f-7

 

3.1. Definitions . Capitalized terms in this Amendment shall have the following meanings:

“Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country including, but not limited to, such country’s political environment, economic and financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country), prevailing or developing custody and settlement practices, and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.

 

1


“Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5, including a majority-owned or indirect subsidiary of a U.S. Bank (as defined in Rule 17f5), a bank holding company meeting the requirements of an Eligible Foreign Custodian (as set forth in Rule 17f-5 or by other appropriate action of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)), or a foreign branch of a Bank (as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act) meeting the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act; the term does not include any Eligible Securities Depository.

“Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

“Foreign Assets” means any of the Portfolios’ investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States and such cash and cash equivalents as are reasonably necessary to effect the Portfolios’ transactions in such investments.

“Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.

 

3.2. The Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager .

3.2.1. Delegation to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager . The Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”), hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 3.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States, and the Custodian hereby accepts such delegation as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolios.

3.2.2. Countries Covered . The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities defined below only with respect to the countries and custody arrangements for each such country listed on Schedule A to this Contract, which list of countries may be amended from time to time by the Fund with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager; such agreement will not be unreasonably withheld. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A the Eligible Foreign Custodians selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the assets of the Portfolios, which list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended from time to time in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. The Foreign Custody Manager will provide amended versions of Schedule A in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereof.

Upon the receipt by the Foreign Custody Manager of Proper Instructions to open an account or to place or maintain Foreign Assets in a country listed on Schedule A, and the fulfillment by the Fund, on behalf of the Portfolios, of the applicable account opening requirements for such country, the Foreign Custody Manager shall be deemed to have been delegated by the Board on behalf of the Portfolios responsibility as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to that country and to have accepted such delegation. Execution of this Amendment by the Fund shall be deemed to be a Proper Instruction to open an account, or to place or maintain Foreign Assets, in each country listed on Schedule A in which the Custodian has previously placed or currently maintains Foreign Assets pursuant to the terms of the Contract. Following the receipt of Proper Instructions directing the Foreign Custody Manager to close the account of a Portfolio with the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody

 

2


Manager in a designated country, the delegation by the Board on behalf of the Portfolios to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager for that country shall be deemed to have been withdrawn and the Custodian shall immediately cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios with respect to that country.

The Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of delegated responsibilities with respect to a designated country upon written notice to the Fund. Sixty (60) days (or such longer period to which the parties agree in writing) after receipt of any such notice by the Fund, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund with respect to the country as to which the Custodian’s acceptance of delegation is withdrawn.

3.2.3. Scope of Delegated Responsibilities :

(a) Selection of Eligible Foreign Custodians . Subject to the provisions of this Section 3.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain the Foreign Assets in the care of the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in each country listed on Schedule A, as amended from time to time. In performing its delegated responsibilities as Foreign Custody Manager to place or maintain Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Foreign Assets will be held by that Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1).

(b) Contracts With Eligible Foreign Custodians . The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the contract governing the foreign custody arrangements with each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2).

(c) Monitoring . In each case in which the Foreign Custody Manager maintains Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager, the Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor, in accordance with Rule 17f-5(c)(3), (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with such Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) the performance of the contract governing the custody arrangements established by the Foreign Custody Manager with the Eligible Foreign Custodian. In the event the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian it has selected are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall notify the Board in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereunder. When the Foreign Custody Manager has selected an alternative Eligible Foreign Custodian in accordance with Section 3.2.3(a) hereof, the Foreign Custody Manager will arrange the transfer of affected Foreign Assets to such Eligible Foreign Custodian as soon as reasonably practicable.

3.2.4. Guidelines for the Exercise of Delegated Authority . For purposes of this Section 3.2, the Board shall be deemed to have considered and determined to accept such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets in each country for which the Custodian is serving as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

 

3


3.2.5. Reporting Requirements . The Foreign Custody Manager shall report the withdrawal of the Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of such Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by providing to the Board an amended Schedule A at the end of the calendar quarter in which an amendment to such Schedule has occurred. The Foreign Custody Manager shall make written reports notifying the Board of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 3.2 after the occurrence of the material change. If the Foreign Custody Manager determines that a foreign custodian that holds Foreign Assets has ceased to be an Eligible Foreign Custodian, and if the Foreign Custody Manager has not selected an alternative Eligible Foreign Custodian in accordance with Section 3.2.3(a), the Foreign Custody Manager will promptly notify the Board or the Fund’s duly authorized investment manager or investment advisor.

3.2.6. Standard of Care as Foreign Custody Manager of a Portfolio . In performing the responsibilities delegated to it (including, without limitation, the reporting responsibilities in Section 3.2.5), the Foreign Custody Manager agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of assets of management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act would exercise.

3.2.7. Representations with Respect to Rule 17f-5 . The Foreign Custody Manager represents to the Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. The Fund represents to the Custodian that the Board has determined that it is reasonable for the Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Contract to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

3.2.8. Effective Date and Termination of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager . The Board’s delegation to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios shall be effective as of the date hereof and shall remain in effect until terminated at any time, without penalty, by written notice from the terminating party to the non-terminating party. Termination will become effective sixty (60) days after receipt by the non-terminating party of such notice. The provisions of Section 3.2.2 hereof shall govern the delegation to and termination of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios with respect to designated countries.

 

3.3. Eligible Securities Depositories .

3.3.1. Analysis and Monitoring . The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B hereto in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7, and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis, and promptly notify the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) of any material change in such risks, in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.

The Custodian shall notify the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) if and when a foreign securities depository no longer meets the definition of an Eligible Securities Depository as set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

 

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3.3.2. Standard of Care . The Custodian agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the duties set forth in Section 3.3.1.

 

4. Duties of the Custodian with Respect to Property of the Portfolios Held Outside the United States .

 

4.1. Definitions . Capitalized terms in this Article 4 shall have the following meanings:

“Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B hereto, as amended from time to time by the Custodian and provided to the Fund.

“Foreign Sub-Custodian” means a foreign banking institution serving as an Eligible Foreign Custodian.

4.2. Holding Securities . The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to each applicable Portfolio the foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) held by each Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System. The Custodian may hold foreign securities for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Foreign Sub-Custodian in an account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers, provided however, that (i) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities of the Portfolios which are maintained in such account shall identify those securities as belonging to each Portfolio involved and (ii), to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities so held by the Foreign Sub-Custodian be held separately from any assets of such Foreign Sub-Custodian or of other customers of such Foreign Sub-Custodian.

4.3. Foreign Securities Systems . Foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a designated country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian, as applicable, in such country.

 

4.4. Transactions in Foreign Custody Account .

4.4.1. Delivery of Foreign Assets . The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) of the Portfolios held by the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

 

  (i) upon the sale of such foreign securities for the Portfolio in accordance with commercially reasonable market practice in the country where such foreign securities are held or traded, including, without limitation: (A) delivery against expectation of receiving later payment; or (B) in the case of a sale effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of the Foreign Securities System;

 

  (ii) in connection with any repurchase agreement related to foreign securities;

 

5


  (iii) to the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for foreign securities of the Portfolios;

 

  (iv) to the issuer thereof or its agent when such foreign securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable;

 

  (v) to the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Custodian (or the name of the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or of any nominee of the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian) or for exchange for a different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units;

 

  (vi) to brokers, clearing banks or other clearing agents for examination or trade execution in accordance with market custom; provided that in any such case the Foreign Sub-Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such securities prior to receiving payment for such securities except as may arise from the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

 

  (vii) for exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement;

 

  (viii) in the case of warrants, rights or similar foreign securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities;

 

  (ix) for delivery as security in connection with any borrowing by the Portfolios requiring a pledge of assets by the Portfolios;

 

  (x) in connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

 

  (xi) in connection with the lending of foreign securities; and

 

  (xii) for any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying the foreign securities to be delivered and naming the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

4.4.2. Payment of Portfolio Monies . Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, monies of a Portfolio in the following cases only:

 

  (i)

upon the purchase of foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) for the Portfolio, unless otherwise directed by Proper Instructions: in accordance with the customary or established practices and procedures in the

 

6


  jurisdiction or market where the transactions occur, including, without limitation, (A) delivering money to the seller thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such seller or dealer) against expectation of receiving later delivery of such foreign securities; or (B) in the case of a purchase effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of such Foreign Securities System;

 

  (ii) in connection with the conversion, exchange or surrender of foreign securities of the Portfolio;

 

  (iii) for the payment of any expense or liability of the Portfolio, including but not limited to the following payments: interest, taxes, investment advisory fees, transfer agency fees, fees under this Contract, legal fees, accounting fees, and other operating expenses;

 

  (iv) for the purchase or sale of foreign exchange or foreign exchange contracts for the Portfolio, including transactions executed with or through the Custodian or its Foreign Sub-Custodians;

 

  (v) in connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

 

  (vi) for payment of part or all of the dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

 

  (vii) in connection with the borrowing or lending of foreign securities; and

 

  (viii) for any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying the amount of such payment and naming the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

4.4.3. Market Conditions . Notwithstanding any provision of this Contract to the contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of a Portfolio and delivery of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of a Portfolio may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, provided that such practices are generally accepted by Institutional Clients, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for such Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer. For purposes of this Section 4.4.3, “Institutional Clients” means U.S. registered investment companies, or major, U.S.-based commercial banks, insurance companies, pension funds or substantially similar financial institutions which, as a part of their ordinary business operations, purchase or sell securities and make use of non-U.S. custodial services.

The Custodian shall provide to the Board the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian described on Schedule C hereto at the time or times set forth on such Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, provided that no such revision shall result in the Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided hereunder.

 

7


4.5. Registration of Foreign Securities . The foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Foreign Sub-Custodian or in the name of any nominee of the foregoing, and the Fund on behalf of such Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of such foreign securities. The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall not be obligated to accept securities on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Contract unless the form of such securities and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with reasonable market practice. The Custodian agrees to timely notify the Fund of open physical re-registration of foreign securities.

4.6. Bank Accounts . The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Fund cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. Where the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not facilitate the maintenance of, cash on the books of the Custodian, a bank account or bank accounts shall be opened and maintained outside the United States on behalf of a Portfolio with a Foreign Sub-Custodian. All accounts referred to in this Section shall be subject only to draft or order by the Custodian (or, if applicable, such Foreign Sub-Custodian) acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to hold cash received by or from or for the account of the Portfolio. Cash maintained on the books of the Custodian (including its branches, subsidiaries and affiliates), regardless of currency denomination, is maintained in bank accounts established under, and subject to the laws of, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

4.7. Collection of Income . The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which the Portfolios shall be entitled and shall credit such income, as collected, to the applicable Portfolio. In any case in which the Custodian does not receive payment within a reasonable time after it has made proper demands therefor and in the event that extraordinary measures are required to collect such income, the Custodian shall immediately notify the Fund and they shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures.

4.8. Shareholder Rights . With respect to the foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) held pursuant to this Article 4, the Custodian will use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder rights, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where such securities arc issued. The Fund acknowledges that local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of the Fund to exercise shareholder rights.

4.9. Communications Relating to Foreign Securities . The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian via the Foreign Sub-Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities (including cash equivalents as may be appropriate) being held for the account of the Portfolios (including, without limitation,

 

8


pendency of calls and maturities of foreign securities and expirations of rights in connection therewith). With respect to tender or exchange offers, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of the foreign securities whose tender or exchange is sought or from the party (or its agents) making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with foreign securities or other property of the Portfolios at any time held by it unless (i) the Custodian or the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian is in actual or effective possession of such foreign securities or property and (ii) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of any such right or power, and both (i) and (ii) occur at least three business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise such right or power.

 

4.10. Liability of Foreign Sub-Custodians .

Each agreement pursuant to which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall, to the extent possible, require the Foreign Sub-Custodian to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties, and to indemnify, and hold harmless, the Custodian from and against any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s performance of such obligations. At the Fund’s election, the Portfolios shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against a Foreign Sub-Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim if and to the extent that the Portfolios have not been made whole for any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim.

 

4.11. Tax Law .

The Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any obligations now or hereafter imposed on the Fund, the Portfolios or the Custodian as custodian of the Portfolios by the tax law of the United States or of any state or political subdivision thereof. It shall be the responsibility of the Fund to notify the Custodian of the obligations imposed on the Fund with respect to the Portfolios or the Custodian as custodian of the Portfolios by the tax law of countries other than those mentioned in the above sentence, including responsibility for withholding and other taxes, assessments or other governmental charges, certifications and governmental reporting. The sole responsibility of the Custodian with regard to such tax law shall be to use reasonable efforts to assist the Fund with respect to any claim for exemption or refund under the tax law of countries for which the Fund has provided such information.

 

4.12. Liability of Custodian .

Except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct or the negligence or willful misconduct of a Foreign Sub-Custodian, the Custodian shall be without liability to the Fund for any loss, liability, claim or expense resulting from or caused by anything which is part of Country Risk.

The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of a Foreign Sub-Custodian to the same extent as set forth with respect to sub-custodians generally in the Contract and, regardless of whether assets are maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian or a Foreign Securities

 

9


System, the Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism, or any other loss where the Foreign Sub-Custodian has otherwise acted with reasonable care.

 

III . Except as specifically superseded or modified herein, the terms and provisions of the Contract shall continue to apply with full force and effect. In the event of any conflict between the terms of the Contract prior to this Amendment and this Amendment, the terms of this Amendment shall prevail. If the Custodian is delegated the responsibilities of Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to the terms of Article 3 hereof, in the event of any conflict between the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 hereof, the provisions of Article 3 shall prevail.

 

IV . The obligations of the Fund under this Amendment are not binding upon any of the Trustees, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually but are binding only upon the fund and its assets. No Class or Portfolio of the Fund shall be liable for the obligations of any other Class or Portfolio hereunder.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

 

10


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this Amendment to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

W ITNESSED B Y :     STATE STREET BANK and TRUST COMPANY

 

    By:  

 

Raelene S. LaPlante     Name:   Joseph L. Hooley
Vice President     Title:   Executive Vice President
W ITNESSED B Y :    

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

    By:  

 

*[name]     Name:   John Perlowski
[title]     Title:   Treasurer

 

11


ATTACHMENT I

Dated: August 2, 2001

to Amendment dated August 2, 2001

to Custody Contract of July 15, 1991

between

Goldman Sachs Trust

and

State Street Bank and Trust Company

 

PORTFOLIO/SERIES    DATE OF CUSTODY  

GST –

   GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST     
   Goldman Sachs Adjustable Rate Government Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Global Income Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Government Income Fund     
   Goldman Sachs High Yield Fund     
   Goldman Sachs High Yield Municipal Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Municipal Income Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Short-Duration Government Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Short-Duration Tax Free Fund     
   Goldman Sachs Enhanced Income Fund     


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

SUBCUSTODIANS

   SCHEDULE A

 

Country    Subcustodian
Argentina    Citibank, N.A.
Australia    Westpac Banking Corporation
Austria    Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG
Bahrain   

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Bangladesh    Standard Chartered Bank
Belgium    Fortis Bank nv-sa
Benin    via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Bermuda    The Bank of Bermuda Limited
Bolivia    Citibank, N. A.
Botswana    Barclays Bank of Botswana Limited
Brazil    Citibank, N.A.
Bulgaria    ING Bank N.V.
Burkina Faso    via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Canada    State Street Trust Company Canada
Chile    BankBoston, N.A.
People’s Republic of China   

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited,

Shanghai and Shenzhen branches

Colombia    Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria
Costa Rica    Banco BCT S.A.
Croatia    Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d.
Cyprus    The Cyprus Popular Bank Ltd.
Czech Republic    Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka, A.S.
Denmark    Danske Bank A/S
Ecuador    Citibank, N.A.
Egypt   

HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E.

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Estonia    Hansabank

 

1


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

SUBCUSTODIANS

   SCHEDULE A

 

Country    Subcustodian
Finland    Merita Bank Plc.
France    BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.A.
Germany    Dresdner Bank AG
Ghana    Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited
Greece    National Bank of Greece S.A.
Guinea-Bissau    via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Hong Kong    Standard Chartered Bank
Hungary   

Citibank Rt.

(converting to Bank Austria Creditanstalt Rt August 10, 2001)

Iceland    Icebank Ltd.
India    Deutsche Bank AG
   Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Indonesia    Standard Chartered Bank
Ireland    Bank of Ireland
Israel    Bank Hapoalim B.M.
Italy    BNP Paribas, Italian Branch
Ivory Coast    Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire
Jamaica    Scotiabank Jamaica Trust and Merchant Bank Ltd.
Japan    The Fuji Bank, Limited
   Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
Jordan   

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Kazakhstan    HSBC Bank Kazakhstan
Kenya    Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited
Republic of Korea    Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Latvia    A/s Hansabanka
Lebanon   

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

 

2


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

SUBCUSTODIANS

   SCHEDULE A

 

Country    Subcustodian

Lithuania

   Vilniaus Bankas AB

Malaysia

   Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad

Mali

   via Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Mauritius

   Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited

Mexico

   Citibank Mexico, S.A.

Morocco

   Banque Commerciale du Maroc

Namibia

   Standard Bank Namibia Limited

Netherlands

   Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V.

New Zealand

   Westpac Banking Corporation

Niger

   via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Nigeria

   Stanbic Merchant Bank Nigeria Limited

Norway

   Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse ASA

Oman

  

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Pakistan

   Deutsche Bank AG

Palestine

  

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Panama

   BankBoston, N.A.

Peru

   Citibank, N.A.

Philippines

   Standard Chartered Bank

Poland

   Bank Handlowy w Warszawie S.A.

Portugal

   Banco Comercial Portugues

Qatar

  

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Romania

   ING Bank N.V.

Russia

  

Credit Suisse First Boston AO – Moscow

(as delegate of Credit Suisse First Boston - Zurich)

Senegal

   via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

 

3


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

SUBCUSTODIANS

   SCHEDULE A

 

Country    Subcustodian
Singapore    The Development Bank of Singapore Limited
Slovak Republic    Československa Obchodni Banka, A.S.
Slovenia    Bank Austria Creditanstalt d.d. - Ljubljana
South Africa    Standard Bank of South Africa Limited
Spain    Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Sri Lanka    Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Swaziland    Standard Bank Swaziland Limited
Sweden    Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Switzerland    UBS AG
Taiwan - R.O.C.    Central Trust of China
Thailand    Standard Chartered Bank
Togo    via Société Générale de Banques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Trinidad & Tobago    Republic Bank Limited
Tunisia    Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie
Turkey    Citibank, N.A.
Ukraine    ING Bank Ukraine
United Arab Emirates   

HSBC Bank Middle East

(as delegate of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

United Kingdom    State Street Bank and Trust Company, London Branch
Uruguay    BankBoston, N.A.
Venezuela    Citibank, N.A.
Vietnam   

The Hongkong and Shanghai

Banking Corporation Limited

Zambia    Barclays Bank of Zambia Limited
Zimbabwe    Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe Limited

 

4


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS

   SCHEDULE B

 

Country    Depositories
Argentina    Caja DE Valores S.A.
Australia   

Austraclear Limited

 

Reserve Bank Information and Transfer System

Austria   

Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG

(Wertpapiersammelbank Division)

Belgium   

Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Dépôts et de Virements de Titres, S.A.

 

Banque Nationale de Belgique

Benin    Depositaire Central — Banque de Règlement
Brazil   

Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Custódia

 

Sistema Especial de Liquidação e de Custódia (SELIC)

 

Central de Custódia e de Liquidação Financeira de Títulos Privados (CETIP)

Bulgaria   

Central Depository AD

 

Bulgarian National Bank

Burkina Faso    Depositaire Central — Banque de Règlement
Canada    Canadian Depository for Securities Limited
Chile    Depósito Central de Valores S.A.
People’s Republic of China   

Shanghai Securities Central Clearing & Registration Corporation

 

Shenzhen Securities Central Clearing Co., Ltd.

Columbia    Deposito Centralizado de Valores
Costa Rica    Central de Valores S.A.
Croatia   

Ministry of Finance

 

National Bank of Croatia

 

Sredisnja Depozitarna Agencija d.d.

Czech Republic   

Stredisko cennych papiru

 

Czech National Bank

Denmark    Vaerdipapircentralen (Danish Securities Center)

 

1


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS

   SCHEDULE B

 

Country    Depositories

Egypt

   Misr for Clearing, Settlement, and Depository

Estonia

   Eesti Väärtpaberite Keskdepositoorium

Finland

   Finnish Central Securities Depository

France

   Euroclear France

Germany

   Clearstream Banking AG, Frankfurt

Greece

  

Bank of Greece,

System for Monitoring Transactions in Securities in Book-Entry Form

 

Apothetirion Titlon AE - Central Securities Depository

Guinea-Dissau

   Depositaire Central – Banque de Reglement

Hong Kong

  

Central Clearing and Settlement System

 

Central Moneymarkets Unit

Hungary

   Központi Elszámolóház és ¨ rtéktár (Budapest) Rt. (KELER)

Iceland

   Iceland Securities Depository Limited

India

  

National Securities Depository Limited

 

Central Depository Services India Limited

 

Reserve Bank of India

Indonesia

  

Bank Indonesia

 

PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia

Israel

   Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House Ltd. (TASE Clearinghouse)

Italy

   Monte Titoli S.p.A.

Ivory Coast

   Depositaire Central — Banque de Reglement

Jamaica

   Jamaica Central Securities Depository

Japan

  

Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC)

 

Bank of Japan Net System

Kazakhstan

   Central Depository of Securities

Kenya

   Central Bank of Kenya

 

2


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS

   SCHEDULE B

 

Country    Depositories

Republic of Korea

   Korea Securities Depository

Latvia

   Latvian Central Depository

Lebanon

  

Custodian and Clearing Center of Financial Instruments for

Lebanon and the Middle East (Midclear) S.A.L.

 

Banque du Liban

Lithuania

   Central Securities Depository of Lithuania

Malaysia

  

Malaysian Central Depository Sdn. Bhd.

 

Bank Negara Malaysia,

Scripless Securities Trading and Safekeeping System

Mali

   Depositaire Central – Banque de Reglement

Mauritius

  

Central Depository and Settlement Co. Ltd.

 

Bank of Mauritius

Mexico

   S.D. INDEVAL (Institute para el Deposit° de Valores)

Morocco

   Maroclear

Netherlands

  

Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor

Giraal Effectenverkeer B.V. (NECIGEF)

New Zealand

   New Zealand Central Securities Depository Limited

Niger

   Depositaire Central – Banque de Règlement

Nigeria

   Central Securities Clearing System Limited

Norway

   Verdipapirsentralen (Norwegian Central Securities Depository)

Oman

   Muscat Depository & Securities Registration Company, SAOC

Pakistan

  

Central Depository Company of Pakistan Limited

 

State Bank of Pakistan

Palestine

  

Clearing Depository and Settlement, a department

of the Palestine Stock Exchange

Peru

  

Caja de Valores y Liquidaciones, Institución de

Compensación y Liquidación de Valores S.A.

Philippines

  

Philippine Central Depository, Inc.

 

Registry of Scripless Securities (ROSS) of the Bureau of Treasury

 

3


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS

   SCHEDULE B

 

Country    Depositories
Poland   

National Depository of Securities

(Krajowy Depozyt Papierów Wartościowych SA)

 

Central Treasury Bills Registrar

Portugal    Central de Valores Mobiliários
Qatar   

Central Clearing and Registration (CCR), a

department of the Doha Securities Market

Romania   

National Securities Clearing, Settlement and Depository Company

 

Bucharest Stock Exchange Registry Division

 

National Bank of Romania

Russia    Vneshtorgbank, Bank for Foreign Trade of the Russian Federation
Senegal    Depositaire Central – Banque de Reglement
Singapore   

Central Depository (Pte) Limited

 

Monetary Authority of Singapore

Slovak Republic   

Stredisko cenných papierov

 

National Bank of Slovakia

Slovenia    Klirinsko Depotna Druzba d.d.
South Africa   

Central Depository Limited

 

Share Transactions Totally Electronic (STRATE) Ltd.

Spain   

Servicio de Compensación y Liquidación de Valores, S.A.

 

Banco de Espana, Central de Anotaciones en Cuenta

Sri Lanka    Central Depository System (Pvt) Limited
Sweden   

Vardepapperscentralen VPC AB

(Swedish Central Securities Depository)

Switzerland    SegaIntersettle AG (SIS)
Taiwan – R.O.C.    Taiwan Securities Central Depository Co., Ltd.
Thailand    Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited
Togo    Depositaire Central – Banque de Règlement

 

4


STATE STREET

GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK

DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS

   SCHEDULE B

 

Country    Depositories

Tunisia

  

Société Tunisienne Interprofessionelle pour la

Compensation et de Dépôts des Valeurs Mobilieres

Turkey

  

Takas ve Saklama Bankasi A.S. (TAKASBANK)

 

Central Bank of Turkey

Ukraine

  

National Bank of Ukraine

 

Mizhregionalny Fondovy Souz

United Arab Emirates

  

Clearing and Depository System,

a department of the Dubai Financial Market

Venezuela

   Banco Central de Venezuela

Zambia

  

LuSE Central Shares Depository Limited

 

Bank of Zambia

TRANSNATIONAL

Euroclear

Clearstream Banking AG

 

5


SCHEDULE C

MARKET INFORMATION

 

Publication/Type of Information

 

Brief Description

(scheduled frequency)    

The Guide to Custody in World Markets

(hardcopy annually and regular website updates)

  An overview of settlement and safekeeping procedures, custody practices and foreign investor considerations for the markets in which State Street offers custodial services.

Global Custody Network Review

(annually)

  Information relating to Foreign Sub-Custodians in State Street’s Global Custody Network. The Review stands as an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to assist them in complying with SEC Rule 17f-5. The Review also gives insight into State Street’s market expansion and Foreign Sub-Custodian selection processes, as well as the procedures and controls used to monitor the financial condition and performance of our Foreign Sub-Custodian banks.

Securities Depository Review

(annually)

  Custody risk analyses of the Foreign Securities Depositories presently operating in Network markets. This publication is an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to meet informational obligations created by SEC Rule 17f-7.

Global Legal Survey

(annually)

  With respect to each market in which State Street offers custodial services, opinions relating to whether local law restricts (i) access of a fund’s independent public accountants to books and records of a Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System, (ii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System, (iii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of a loss by a Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System, and (iv) the ability of a foreign investor to convert cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars.

Subcustodian Agreements

(annually)

  Copies of the contracts that State Street has entered into with each Foreign Sub-Custodian that maintains U.S. mutual fund assets in the markets in which State Street offers custodial services.

Global Market Bulletin

(daily or as necessary)

 

Information on changing settlement and custody conditions in markets where State Street offers custodial services.

Includes changes in market and tax regulations, depository developments, dematerialization information, as well as other market changes that may impact State Street’s clients.

Foreign Custody Advisories

(as necessary)

  For those markets where State Street offers custodial services that exhibit special risks or infrastructures impacting custody, State Street issues market advisories to highlight those unique market factors which might impact our ability to offer recognized custody service levels.

 

1


Publication/Type of Information

  

Brief Description

(scheduled frequency)     

Material Change Notices

(presently on a quarterly basis or as otherwise necessary)

   Informational letters and accompanying materials confirming State Street’s foreign custody arrangements, including a summary of material changes with Foreign Sub-Custodians that have occurred during the previous quarter. The notices also identify any material changes in the custodial risks associated with maintaining assets with Foreign Securities Depositories.

 

2


AMENDMENT TO THE CUSTODIAN CONTRACT

This Amendment to the Custodian Contract is made as of August 1, 2001 by and between Goldman Sachs Trust (the “Trust”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Custodian”). Capitalized terms used in this Amendment without definition shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Custodian Contract referred to below.

WITNESSETH THAT:

WHEREAS , the Trust and the Custodian are parties to a Custodian Contract dated as of July 15, 1991 (as amended and in effect from time to time, hereinafter, the “Contract”); and

WHEREAS , the Trust and the Custodian desire to amend certain provisions of the Contract relating to Proper Instructions.

NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the Trust and the Custodian hereby agree to amend the Contract, pursuant to the terms thereof, as follows:

(1) The first sentence of Section 6, Proper Instructions, is hereby deleted and replaced with the following:

Proper Instructions as used throughout this Contract means a writing signed or initialed by one or more person or persons as the Board of Trustees of the Trust shall have from time to time authorized; provided, however that Proper Instructions shall mean a writing signed or initialed by two or more persons as the Board of Trustees of the Trust shall have from time to time authorized for purposes of the payment of Fund monies pursuant to Section 2.7 of this Contract.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each of the parties has caused this Amendment to be executed in its name and on its behalf by a duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above written.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST       STATE STREET BANK and TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

 

      By:  

 

Name:   John Perlowski       Name:   Joseph L. Hooley
Title:   Treasurer       Title:   Executive Vice President


March 20, 2002

Goldman Sachs Trust; and

Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust

c/o Goldman, Sachs & Co.

32 Old Slip, 17 th Floor

New York, New York 10005

Attn: John Perlowski

Boston Global Advisors,

a Division of The Goldman Sachs Trust Co.

125 High Street, 17 th Floor

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

Attn: John Scully, V.P.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Goldman Sachs Equity Portfolios, Inc. Custodian Contract, the Goldman Sachs Trust Custodian Contract, and the Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust Custodian Contract (each, as may be amended and in effect from time to time, a “Custodian Agreement”) between each of the registered investment companies listed on Attachment 13 to Exhibit A (each, a “Fund”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) pursuant to which State Street provides custodial services to the Funds with respect to specified securities. Each Fund has entered into a securities lending arrangement with Boston Global Advisors (acting as the “Lending Agent”), pursuant to which the Lending Agent acting on behalf of the Funds will loan certain securities held by State Street to third parties, and Goldman Sachs Asset Management, as the Cash Collateral Investment Manager will manage the cash collateral account, including reinvesting cash. In connection with aforementioned lending activities, State Street, each Fund, and Lending Agent have agreed on certain State Street Third Party Lending Operational Procedures (“Lending Operational Procedures”), which are attached hereto as Exhibit A.

Except as otherwise expressly set forth in the Lending Operational Procedures, State Street shall not be responsible for safekeeping, income collection from an issuer, corporate actions or tax withholding with respect to any security that is out on loan; provided however, it is understood that all applicable responsibilities of State Street as accounting agent for each Fund shall continue to be in effect (including, but not limited to valuing the applicable Fund’s securities (including those out on loan), calculating the applicable Fund’s NAV and income and expense accruals). It is further understood that State Street shall not have any liability or responsibility or any kind with respect to collateral received for securities loaned, including monitoring the investment of the collateral, other than as set forth in the Lending Operational Procedures. In carrying out its duties under the Lending Operational Procedures, State Street shall be subject to the standard of care and shall have the benefit of the indemnity and exculpatory provisions set forth in each Custodian Agreement.

 

1


Each Fund hereby authorizes State Street to take instructions from Boston Global Advisors as Lending Agent and from Goldman Sachs Asset Management as Cash Collateral Investment Manager, given in accordance with the Lending Operational Procedures, which instructions shall be “Proper Instructions” in accordance with each Custodian Agreement and shall be given in a manner agreed upon by the Parties.

This letter agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one instrument.

 

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By:  

 

Name:   Joseph L. Hooley
Title:   Executive Vice President

 

Acknowledged and agreed:         Acknowledged and agreed:
GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST      

GOLDMAN SACHS VARIABLE

INSURANCE TRUST

 

By:  

 

      By:  

 

   
Name:   John Perlowski     Name:   John Perlowski  
Title:   Treasurer     Title:   Treasurer  

 

Acknowledged and agreed:
BOSTON GLOBAL ADVISORS

 

By:  

 

Name:   W.T. McIntire
Title:   President

 

2


GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

4900 Sears Tower

Chicago, Illinois 60606

September 28, 2004

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Lafayette Corporate Center

Two Avenue de Lafayette

Investor Services – LLC/6S

Boston, Massachusetts 02111-1724

Attention Mark Mailloux

Ladies and Gentlemen:

State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as the custodian and financial administration and accounting services agent of the Golden Oak ® Family of Funds (“GOFF”) under a Custodian Contract dated June 1, 2001, as amended and an Financial Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated June 1, 2002, respectively, and as custodian to the Goldman Sachs Trust (“CSI”) under a Custodian Contract dated July 15, 1991, as amended. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated as of August 20, 2004 (the “Agreement”) by and between the Golden Oak ® Family of Funds (“GOFF”) on behalf of the Golden Oak ® Growth Portfolio, Golden Oak ® Value Portfolio, Golden Oak ® Small Cap Value Portfolio, Golden Oak ® International Equity Portfolio, Golden Oak ® Intermediate-Term Income Portfolio and Golden Oak ® Prime Obligation Money Market Portfolio (each of the foregoing named portfolios of GOFF, an “Acquired Fund” and collectively, the “Acquired Funds”), and the Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”), on behalf of the Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund, Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund, Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund, Goldman Sachs CORP International Equity Fund, Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund and Goldman Sachs Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund (each of the foregoing named portfolios of GST, an “Acquiring Fund” and collectively, the “Acquiring Funds”), as the custodian and financial administration and accounting services agent for GOFF, you are hereby instructed to accept for the accounts of each Acquiring Fund (as shown below), for which you serve as custodian, all of the securities, cash and any other assets (“Assets”) subject to all of the liabilities delivered by you as custodian for each of the Acquired Funds (as shown below).

 

Acquired Fund    Acquiring Fund
Golden Oak Growth Portfolio    Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund
Golden Oak Value Portfolio    Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund
Golden Oak Small Cap Value Portfolio    Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund
Golden Oak International Equity Portfolio    Goldman Sachs CORE International Equity Fund
Golden Oak Intermediate-Term Income Portfolio    Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund
Golden Oak Prime Obligations Money Market Portfolio    Goldman Sachs Financial Square Prime Obligations Fund

 

Very truly yours,
GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST
By:  

 

  James A. McNamara
  Vice President


October 1, 2013

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Attn: James DePietro

Lafayette Corporate Center

2 Ave. de Lafayette

Boston, MA 02111

 

  Re: Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund: Additional Fund to Custodian Contract

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Custodian Contract dated as of July 15, 1991 by and between Goldman Sachs Trust (“Goldman Sachs Trust”), Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund (“Credit Strategies Fund”), Goldman Sachs Trust II (“Goldman Sachs Trust II”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), as amended, modified and supplemented from time to time (the “Custodian Contract”). Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Custodian Contract.

This is to advise you that Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) has been established as a new closed-end management investment company. Goldman Sachs Trust, Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund, Goldman Sachs Trust II and Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund hereby request that the Fund be added to the Custodian Contract as a Trust party thereunder and that, accordingly, you act as Custodian of the Fund as a Trust under the terms thereof. All references in the Custodian Contract to the “Trust” shall be deemed to apply, as applicable, to the Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund.

Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing two copies of this letter, returning one and retaining one copy for your records.

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer


GOLDMAN SACHS CREDIT STRATEGIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST II

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

Agreed to this     day of             , 2013.

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:

 

 

Name:

Title:


                    , 2014

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Attn: Mark Mailloux

Lafayette Corporate Center

1 Iron Street

Boston, MA 02210

 

  Re: Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund: Additional Trust to Custodian Contract

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Custodian Contract dated as of July 15, 1991 by and among Goldman Sachs Trust, Goldman Sachs Trust II, Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund, Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity-FIMS Fund Ltd., and the Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity TTIF Fund Ltd. (collectively, the “GS Parties”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), as amended, modified and supplemented from time to time (the “Custodian Contract”). Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Custodian Contract.

This is to advise you that Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (the “Trust”) has been established as a new closed-end management investment company. The GS Parties and the Trust hereby request that the Trust be added to the Custodian Contract and that, accordingly, you act as Custodian of the Trust under the terms thereof. All references in the Custodian Contract to the “Trust” shall be deemed to apply to Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund.

Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing two copies of this letter, returning one and retaining one copy for your records.

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer


GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST II

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS CAYMAN COMMODITY-FIMS FUND LTD.

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Director

GOLDMAN SACHS CAYMAN COMMODITY TTIF FUND LTD.

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Director

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

Agreed to this             day of             , 2014.

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

 

Name: Michael F. Rogers
Title: Executive Vice President

EX99.(k)(1)

Transfer Agency and Service Agreement

Between

Each of the Goldman Sachs

Closed-End Investment Companies Listed on Schedule 1

(See Schedule 1 Attached Hereto)

and

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

and

Computershare Inc.


AGREEMENT made as of the 25 th day of November, 2013 by and among each of the Goldman Sachs closed-end investment companies listed on Schedule 1, severally and not jointly, each being a statutory trust, having its principal office and place of business at 200 West Street, New York, NY 10282 (each individually a “Fund” and collectively, the “Company”), and Computershare Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its fully owned subsidiary Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, having its principal office and place of business at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021 (collectively, the “Transfer Agent” or individually, “Computershare” and the “Trust Company”, respectively).

WHEREAS , Company desires to appoint Trust Company as sole transfer agent and registrar, and administrator of its dividend reinvestment plan or direct stock purchase plan, and Computershare as processor of all payments received or made by Company under this Agreement;

WHEREAS, Trust Company and Computershare will each separately provide specified services covered by this Agreement and, in addition, Trust Company may arrange for Computershare to act on behalf of Trust Company in providing certain of its services covered by this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, Trust Company and Computershare desire to accept such respective appointments and perform the services related to such appointments;

NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS .

1.1 “ Account ” means the account of each Shareholder of the Funds which reflects any full or fractional Shares held by such Shareholder, outstanding funds, or reportable tax information.

1.2 “ Agreement ” means this agreement and any and all exhibits or schedules attached hereto and any and all amendments or modifications which may from time to time be executed.

1.3 “Plans” means any Dividend Reinvestment, Direct Stock Purchase, or other investment programs administered by Trust Company for the Company.

1.4 “ Services ” means all services performed or made available by Transfer Agent pursuant to this Agreement.

1.5 “ Share ” means each Fund’s common shares issued in accordance with such Fund’s Certificate of Trust, and other classes of Fund’s shares to be designated by Fund in writing and which Transfer Agent agrees to service under this Agreement.

1.6 “Shareholder” means a holder of record of Shares.

1.7 “Shareholder Data” means all information maintained on the records database of Transfer Agent concerning Shareholders.

2. APPOINTMENT OF AGENT .

2.1 Appointments . Company hereby appoints Trust Company to act as sole transfer agent and registrar for all Shares and as administrator of Plans in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof and appoints Computershare as the service provider to Trust Company and as processor of all payments received or made by or on behalf of Company under this Agreement, and Trust Company and Computershare accept the respective appointments. Transfer Agent is engaged in an independent business and will perform its obligations under this Agreement as an agent of Company.

2.2 Documents . In connection with the appointments herein, Company has provided or will provide the following appointment and corporate authority documents to Transfer Agent:

 

  (a) Copies of resolutions appointing Trust Company as the transfer agent;


  (b) If applicable, specimens of all forms of outstanding Share certificates, in forms approved by the Board of Directors of Company, with a certificate of the Secretary of Company as to such approval; 1

 

  (c) Specimens of the signatures of the officers of Company authorized to sign Share certificates and authorized to sign written instructions and requests;

 

  (d) An opinion of counsel for each Fund addressed to both Trust Company and Computershare with respect to the following:

 

  (i) The Fund’s organization and existence under the laws of its state of organization;

 

  (ii) The status of all Shares of Company covered by the appointment under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ( “1933 Act” ), and any other applicable federal or state statute; and

 

  (iii) That all issued Shares are, and all unissued Shares will be, when issued, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and

 

  (e) A certificate of each Fund as to the Shares authorized, issued and outstanding, as well as a description of all reserves of unissued Shares relating to the exercise of options.

2.3 Records . Transfer Agent may adopt as part of its records all Shareholders lists, Share ledgers, records, books, and documents which have been employed by Company or any of its agents and which are certified to be true, authentic and complete. Transfer Agent agrees that all such records prepared or maintained by it relating to the Services are the property of Company and will be preserved, maintained and made available in accordance with the requirements of law, and will be surrendered promptly to Company in accordance with its request.

2.4 Shares . Company shall, if applicable, inform Transfer Agent as soon as possible in advance as to (i) the existence or termination of any restrictions on the transfer of Shares, the application to or removal from any Share certificate of any legend restricting the transfer of such Shares, or the substitution for such certificate of a certificate without such legend; (ii) any authorized but unissued Shares reserved for specific purposes; (iii) any outstanding Shares which are exchangeable for Shares and the basis for exchange; (iv) reserved Shares subject to option and the details of such reservation; (v) any Share split or Share dividend; (vi) any other relevant event or special instructions which may affect the Shares; and (vii) any bankruptcy, insolvency or other proceeding regarding each Fund affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights.

2.5 Certificates . If applicable, Company shall provide Transfer Agent with (i) documentation required to print on demand Share certificates, or (ii) an appropriate supply of Share certificates which contain a signature panel for use by an authorized signor of Transfer Agent and state that such certificates are only valid after being countersigned and registered, whichever is applicable.

2.6 Company Responsibility . Company shall perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts, documents, instruments and assurances as Transfer Agent may reasonably require in order to carry out or perform its obligations under this Agreement.

3. STANDARD SERVICES .

3.1 Share Services . Transfer Agent shall perform the Services set forth in the Fee and Service Schedule (“Fee and Service Schedule”) attached hereto and incorporated herein. Further, Transfer Agent shall issue and record Shares as authorized, hold Shares in the appropriate Account, and effect transfers of Shares upon receipt of appropriate documentation.

3.2 Replacement Shares . Transfer Agent shall issue replacement Shares for those certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon receipt by Transfer Agent of an open penalty surety bond satisfactory to it and holding it and Company harmless, absent notice to Transfer Agent that such certificates have been acquired by a bona fide purchaser. Transfer Agent may, at its option, issue replacement Shares for mutilated certificates upon presentation thereof without such indemnity. Transfer Agent may, at its sole option, accept indemnification from Company to issue replacement Shares for those certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed in lieu of an open penalty bond.


3.3 Internet Services . Transfer Agent shall make available to Company and Shareholders, through www.computershare.com (“Web Site”) , online access to certain Account and Shareholder information and certain transaction capabilities (“Internet Services”) , subject to Transfer Agent’s security procedures and the terms and conditions set forth herein and on the Web Site. Transfer Agent provides Internet Services “as is,” on an “as available” basis, and hereby specifically disclaims any and all representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding such Internet Services, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose and implied warranties arising from course of dealing or course of performance.

3.4 Proprietary Information . Company agrees that the databases, programs, screen and report formats, interactive design techniques, Internet Services, software (including methods or concepts used therein, source code, object code, or related technical information) and documentation manuals furnished to Company by Transfer Agent as part of the Services are under the control and ownership of Transfer Agent or a third party (including its affiliates) and constitutes copyrighted, trade secret, or other proprietary information (collectively, “Proprietary Information” ). In no event shall Proprietary Information be deemed Shareholder Data. Company agrees that Proprietary Information is of substantial value to Transfer Agent or other third party and will treat all Proprietary Information as confidential in accordance with Section 11 of this Agreement. Company shall take reasonable efforts to advise its relevant employees and agents of its obligations pursuant to this Section 3.4.

3.5 Third Party Content . Transfer Agent may obtain certain data included in the Services from third parties, and such third parties are solely responsible for the contents of such data and Company agrees to make no claim against Transfer Agent arising out of the contents of such data, including, but not limited to, the accuracy thereof.

3.6  Lost Shareholders; In-Depth Shareholder Search .

(a) Transfer Agent shall conduct such database searches to locate lost Shareholders as are required by Rule 17Ad-17 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ( “Exchange Act” ), without charge to the Shareholder. If a new address is so obtained in a database search for a lost Shareholder, Transfer Agent shall conduct a verification mailing and update its records for such Shareholder accordingly.

(b) Computershare may facilitate the performance of a more in-depth search for the purpose of (i) locating lost Shareholders for whom a new address is not obtained in accordance with clause (a) above, (ii) identifying Shareholders who are deceased (or locating the deceased Shareholder’s estate representative, heirs or other party entitled to act with respect to such Shareholder’s account (“Authorized Representative”)), and (iii) locating Shareholders whose accounts contain an uncashed check older than 180 days, in each case using the services of a locating service provider selected by Computershare, which service provider may be an affiliate of Computershare. Such provider may compensate Computershare for processing and other services that Computershare provides in connection with such in-depth search, including providing Computershare a portion of its service fees.

(c) Upon locating any Shareholder (or such Shareholder’s Authorized Representative) pursuant to clause (b) above, the locating service provider shall clearly identify to such Shareholder (or such Shareholder’s Authorized Representative) all assets held in such Shareholder’s account. Such provider shall inform any such located Shareholders (or such Shareholder’s Authorized Representative) that they may choose either (i) to contact Transfer Agent directly to obtain the assets in such account, at no charge other than any applicable fees to replace lost certificates, or (ii) to use the services of such provider for a processing fee, which may not exceed 20% of the asset value of such Shareholder’s property where the registered Shareholder is living, deceased or is not a natural person; provided that in no case shall such fee exceed the maximum statutory fee permitted by the applicable state jurisdiction. If Company selects a locating service provider other than one selected by Computershare, then Computershare shall not be responsible for the terms of any agreement with such provider and additional fees may apply.


(d) Pursuant to Section 9.2 hereof, the Company hereby authorizes and instructs Computershare to provide a Shareholder file or list of those Shareholders not located following the required Rule 17Ad-17 searches to any service provider administering any in-depth shareholder location program.

3.7 Compliance with Laws . Transfer Agent is obligated and agrees to comply with all applicable U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, codes, orders and government rules in the performance of its duties under this Agreement.

3.8 OFAC Reporting .

 

  (a) Transfer Agent will satisfy itself, through appropriate due diligence, that Accounts will not cause Fund or Transfer Agent to violate any of the U.S. federal statutes, regulations, Executive Orders and other programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (collectively the “Sanctions Programs”).

 

  (b) Transfer Agent shall screen Accounts against the current list published by OFAC, including the OFAC list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons and will provide timely notice to Fund of any confirmed matches as they are detected, and will reasonably cooperate with Fund in the investigation and resolution of any such matters, as applicable.

 

  (c) Transfer Agent will, as required by the Sanctions Programs, block or reject any Account or transactions subject to a Sanctions Program, and will file reports of any blocked property and rejected transactions with the appropriate authorities. To the extent that Fund and Transfer Agent are both required to file such reports, each party will, to the extent permissible by law, provide the other with any information in its possession necessary for the other party to comply with its obligations under applicable laws and regulations.

4. DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN SERVICES .

4.1 The Trust Company shall perform all services under the Plans, as the administrator of such Plans, with the exception of payment processing for which Computershare has been appointed as agent by Company, and certain other services that the Trust Company may subcontract to Computershare as permitted by applicable law (e.g. ministerial services).

4.2 The Transfer Agent shall act as agent for Shareholders pursuant to the Plans in accordance with the terms and conditions of such Plans.

5. COMPUTERSHARE DIVIDEND DISBURSING AND PAYMENT SERVICES .

5.1 Declaration of Dividends . Upon receipt of written notice from the President, any Vice President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer of Company declaring the payment of a dividend, Computershare shall disburse such dividend payments provided that Company furnishes Computershare with sufficient funds one day in advance of the applicable payable date. The payment of such funds to Computershare for the purpose of being available for the payment of dividends from time to time is not intended by Company to confer any rights in such funds on Shareholders whether in trust, contract, or otherwise.

5.2 Stop Payments . Company hereby authorizes Computershare to stop payment of checks issued in payment of dividends or for sales proceeds, but not presented for payment, when the payees thereof allege either that they have not received the checks or that such checks have been mislaid, lost, stolen, destroyed or, through no fault of theirs, are otherwise beyond their control and cannot be produced by them for presentation and collection, and Computershare shall issue and deliver duplicate checks in replacement thereof, and Company shall indemnify Transfer Agent against any loss or damage resulting from reissuance of the checks.


5.3 Tax Withholding . Company hereby authorizes Computershare to deduct from all dividends declared by Company and disbursed by Computershare, as dividend disbursing agent, the tax required to be withheld pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442 and 3406 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or by any federal or state statutes subsequently enacted, and to make the necessary returns and payment of such tax in connection therewith.

5.4 Plan Payments . Company hereby authorizes Computershare to receive all payments made to the Company (i.e. optional cash purchases) or the Transfer Agent under the Plans and make all payments required to be made under such Plans, including all payments required to be made to the Company.

5.5 Bank Accounts . Company acknowledges that the bank accounts maintained by Computershare in connection with the Services will be in Computershare’s name and that Computershare may receive investment earnings in connection with the investment at Computershare’s risk and for its benefit of funds held in those accounts from time to time.

6. ADDITIONAL SERVICES . To the extent that Company elects to engage any entity other than Transfer Agent (“Vendor”) to provide any additional services (e.g. plans, restricted stock, corporate actions, etc.), Company shall give Transfer Agent or its affiliates an opportunity to bid on such services upon the same terms and conditions as Vendor.

7. FEES AND EXPENSES .

7.1 Fee and Service Schedules . Company agrees to pay Transfer Agent the fees and out-of-pocket expenses for Services performed pursuant to this Agreement as set forth in the Fee and Service Schedule, for the initial term of the Agreement (the “Initial Term” ). At least sixty (60) days before the expiration of the Initial Term or a Renewal Term (as defined below), whichever is applicable, the parties to this Agreement will agree upon a new fee schedule for the upcoming Renewal Term. If no new fee schedule is agreed upon, the fees will increase as set forth in the Term Section of the Fee and Service Schedule.

7.2 Out of Proof Funds . If applicable, conversion funding required by any out of proof condition caused by a prior agent of Company shall be advanced to Transfer Agent upon discovery of such out of proof condition.

7.3 Invoices . Company agrees to pay all fees and reimbursable expenses within 30 days of the date of the respective billing notice, except for any fees or expenses that are subject to good faith dispute. In the event of such dispute, Company must promptly notify Transfer Agent of such dispute and may only withhold that portion of the fee or expense subject to such dispute. Company shall settle such disputed amounts within ten (10) business days of the date on which the parties agree on the amount to be paid by payment of the agreed amount. If no agreement is reached, then such disputed amounts shall be settled as may be required by law or legal process.

7.4 Late Payments .

 

  (a) The failure by a Fund to (i) pay the undisputed portion of an invoice within 90 days after receipt of such invoice or (ii) timely pay the undisputed portions of two consecutive invoices shall constitute a material breach by such Fund pursuant to Section 12.4 below. Transfer Agent may terminate this Agreement with respect to such breaching Fund for such material breach immediately and shall not be obligated to provide Company with 30 days to cure such breach.

 

  (b) Each Fund is severally, and not jointly, responsible for its pro rata portion of the undisputed portion of the invoice.

8. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES .

8.1 Transfer Agent . Transfer Agent represents and warrants to Company that:

 

  (a) Governance . Trust Company is a federally chartered trust company duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the United States and Computershare is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and each has full power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement; and


  (b) Compliance with Laws . The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Transfer Agent has been duly authorized by all necessary action, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Transfer Agent enforceable against Transfer Agent in accordance with its terms, will not require the consent of any third party that has not been given, and will not violate, conflict with or result in the breach of any material term, condition or provision of, (i) any existing law, ordinance, or governmental rule or regulation to which Transfer Agent is subject, (ii) any judgment, order, writ, injunction, decree or award of any court, arbitrator or governmental or regulatory official, body or authority applicable to Transfer Agent, (iii) Transfer Agent’s incorporation documents or by-laws, or (iv) any material agreement to which Transfer Agent is a party.

8.2 Fund . Each Fund represents and warrants to Transfer Agent that:

 

  (a) Governance . It is a statutory trust duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under its state of incorporation and it has full power, authority and legal right to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  (b) Compliance with Laws . The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Company has been duly authorized by all necessary action, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Company enforceable against Company in accordance with its terms, will not require the consent of any third party that has not been given, and will not violate, conflict with or result in the breach of any material term, condition or provision of, (i) any existing law, ordinance, or governmental rule or regulation to which Company is subject, (ii) any judgment, order, writ, injunction, decree or award of any court, arbitrator or governmental or regulatory official, body or authority applicable to Company, (iii) Company’s incorporation documents or by-laws, (iv) any material agreement to which Company is a party, or (v) any applicable stock exchange rules; and

 

  (c) Securities Act of 1933 . A registration statement under the 1933 Act has been filed and is currently effective, or will be effective prior to the sale of any Shares, and will remain so effective, and all appropriate state securities law filings have been made with respect to all Shares being offered for sale except for any Shares which are offered in a transaction or series of transactions which are exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws; Company will immediately notify Transfer Agent of any information to the contrary.

9. INDEMNIFICATION AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .

9.1 Company Indemnity . Each Fund shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold Transfer Agent harmless from and against, and Transfer Agent shall not be responsible for, any and all losses, claims, damages, costs, charges, counsel fees and expenses, payments, expenses and liability (collectively, “ Losses ”) arising out of or attributable to:

 

  (a) all actions of Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors required to be taken pursuant to this Agreement; provided such actions are taken in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct;

 

  (b) Each Fund’s lack of good faith, negligence or willful misconduct or the breach of any representation or warranty of Company hereunder;

 

  (c) The reliance on or use by Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors of any (i) information, records, data, and documents which have been prepared and/or maintained by the Fund or any other person or firm on behalf of the Fund, including any former transfer agent or registrar, and provided to Transfer Agent or its agents or subcontractors; (ii) document reasonably believed to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper person or persons, including Shareholders and their authorized agents or representatives (e.g. power of attorney); and (iii) electronic instructions from the Fund or Shareholders and their authorized agents or representatives (e.g. power of attorney) submitted through Internet Services or any other electronic means pursuant to security procedures established by Transfer Agent;

 

  (d) The negotiation and processing of all checks, including checks that are tendered to Transfer Agent for the purchase of Shares; provided such actions are taken in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct; and

 

  (e) The recognition, acceptance, or processing by Transfer Agent of Share certificates which are reasonably believed to bear the proper manual or facsimile signatures of officers of Company, and the proper countersignature of any former transfer agent or former registrar, or of a co-transfer agent or co-registrar; provided such actions are taken in good faith and without negligence or willful misconduct.


9.2 Instructions . From time to time, Company may provide Transfer Agent with instructions concerning the Services. In addition, at any time Transfer Agent may apply to any officer of Company for instruction, and may consult with legal counsel for Transfer Agent or Company with respect to any matter arising in connection with the Services to be performed by the Transfer Agent under this Agreement. Transfer Agent and its agents and subcontractors shall not be liable and shall be indemnified by Company for any action taken or omitted by Transfer Agent in reliance upon any Company instructions or upon the advice or opinion of such counsel. Transfer Agent shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person, until receipt of written notice thereof from Company.

9.3 Transfer Agent Indemnification/Limitation of Liability . Transfer Agent shall be responsible for and shall indemnify and hold Company harmless from and against any and all Losses arising out of or attributable to Transfer Agent’s: (a) refusal or failure to comply with the terms of this Agreement, (b) negligence or willful misconduct, or (c) breach of any representation or warranty hereunder, in each case for which Transfer Agent is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement; provided, however, that excluding Transfer Agent’s bad faith and willful misconduct Transfer Agent’s aggregate liability during any term of this Agreement with respect to, arising from, or arising in connection with this Agreement, or from all Services provided or omitted to be provided under this Agreement, whether in contract, or in tort, or otherwise, is limited to, and shall not exceed, the amounts paid hereunder by Company to Transfer Agent as fees and charges, but not including reimbursable expenses, during the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the event for which recovery from Transfer Agent is being sought.

9.4 Notice . In order that the indemnification provisions contained in this Section 9 shall apply, upon the assertion of a claim for which one party may be required to indemnify the other, the party seeking indemnification shall promptly notify the other party of such assertion, and shall keep the other party advised with respect to all developments concerning such claim. The indemnifying party shall have the option to participate with the indemnified party in the defense of such claim or to defend against said claim in its own name or the name of the indemnified party. The indemnified party shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnifying party may be required to indemnify it except with the indemnifying party’s prior written consent.

10. DAMAGES . No party shall be liable for any incidental, indirect, special or consequential damages of any nature whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of anticipated profits, occasioned by a breach of any provision of this Agreement even if apprised of the possibility of such damages.

11. CONFIDENTIALITY .

11.1 Definition . “Confidential Information” shall mean any and all technical or business information relating to a party, including, without limitation, financial, marketing and product development information, Shareholder Data (including any non-public information of such Shareholder), Proprietary Information, and the terms and conditions (but not the existence) of this Agreement, that is disclosed or otherwise becomes known to the other party or its affiliates, agents or representatives before or during the term of this Agreement. Confidential Information constitutes trade secrets and is of great value to the owner (or its affiliates). Confidential Information shall not include any information that is: (a) already known to the other party or its affiliates at the time of the disclosure; (b) publicly known at the time of the disclosure or becomes publicly known through no wrongful act or failure of the other party; (c) subsequently disclosed to the other party or its affiliates on a non-confidential basis by a third party not having a confidential relationship with the owner and which rightfully acquired such information; or (d) independently developed by one party without access to the Confidential Information of the other.

11.2. Use and Disclosure . All Confidential Information of a party will be held in confidence by the other party with at least the same degree of care as such party protects its own confidential or proprietary information of like kind and import, but not less than a reasonable degree of care. Neither party will disclose in any manner Confidential Information of the other party in any form to any person or entity without the other party’s prior


consent. However, each party may disclose relevant aspects of the other party’s Confidential Information to its officers, affiliates, agents, subcontractors and employees to the extent reasonably necessary to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement and such disclosure is not prohibited by applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, each party will implement such physical and other security measures and controls as are necessary to protect (a) the security and confidentiality of Confidential Information; (b) against any threats or hazards to the security and integrity of Confidential Information; and (c) against any unauthorized access to or use of Confidential Information. To the extent that a party delegates any duties and responsibilities under this Agreement to an agent or other subcontractor, the party ensures that such agent and subcontractor are contractually bound to confidentiality terms consistent with the terms of this Section 11.

11.3. Required or Permitted Disclosure . In the event that any requests or demands are made for the disclosure of Confidential Information, other than requests to Transfer Agent for Shareholder records pursuant to standard subpoenas from state or federal government authorities (e.g., divorce and criminal actions), the party receiving such request will promptly notify the other party to secure instructions from an authorized officer of such party as to such request and to enable the other party the opportunity to obtain a protective order or other confidential treatment, unless such notification is otherwise prohibited by law or court order. Each party expressly reserves the right, however, to disclose Confidential Information to any person whenever it is advised by counsel that it may be held liable for the failure to disclose such Confidential Information or if required by law or court order.

11.4 Unauthorized Disclosure . As may be permissible by law and without limiting any party’s rights in respect of a breach of this Section 11, each party will promptly:

 

  (a) notify the other party in writing of any unauthorized possession, use or disclosure of the other party’s Confidential Information by any person or entity that may become known to such party;

 

  (b) furnish to the other party full details of the unauthorized possession, use or disclosure; and

 

  (c) use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent a recurrence of any such unauthorized possession, use or disclosure of Confidential Information.

11.5 Costs . Each party will bear the costs it incurs as a result of compliance with this Section 11.

12. TERM AND TERMINATION .

12.1 Term . The Initial Term of this Agreement shall be three (3) years from the date first stated above unless terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Section 12. This Agreement will renew automatically from year to year (each a “Renewal Term” ), unless a terminating party gives written notice to the other party not less than six (6) months before the expiration of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, whichever is in effect.

12.2 Early Termination . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, should Company terminate this Agreement prior to the expiration of the then current Initial or Renewal Term, for any reason, except for its liquidation, acquisition, merger or restructuring, Company shall pay to Transfer Agent (a) the fees and expenses incurred as of the termination date, (b) if the termination occurs prior to the end of the first year of the Initial Term, then the termination fee shall equal twelve (12) times the average monthly invoice charged to Company by Transfer Agent hereunder, and (c) conversion costs and expenses in accordance with Section 12.3 of this Agreement. The fees set forth in Section 12.2(b) will be calculated using the rates, volumes, and Services in effect as of the termination date. If Company does not provide notice of early termination within the time period referenced in Section 12.1 of this Agreement, Transfer Agent shall make a good faith effort, but cannot guarantee, to convert the Company’s records on the date requested by Company. This Section 12.2 shall not apply if Transfer Agent is terminated pursuant to Section 12.4 of this Agreement.

12.3 Costs and Expenses . In the event of the expiration or termination of this Agreement by either party, Company agrees to pay all costs and expenses associated with the movement of records and materials to Company or the successor agent, including (a) all reasonable out-of-pocket costs; and (b) expenses in an amount equal to 10% of the aggregate fees (not including reimbursable expenses) incurred by Company during the immediately preceding twelve (12) month period, for the standard conversion services listed on the attached Exhibit A to this Agreement; provided, however, such expense amount under this Section 12.3(b) shall in no event be less than five thousand ($5,000.00) dollars. In the event any of the extended conversion services listed on Exhibit A are requested by Company, the fee for each extended conversion service will be $2,500.00.


12.4 Termination . This Agreement may be terminated at any time by any party upon a material breach of a representation, covenant or term of this Agreement by any other party which is not cured within a period not to exceed thirty (30) days after the date of written notice thereof by one of the other parties.

13. ASSIGNMENT . Neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned by

Company or Transfer Agent without the written consent of the other; provided, however, that Transfer Agent may, without further consent of Company, assign any of its rights and obligations hereunder to any affiliated transfer agent registered under Rule 17Ac2-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

14. SUBCONTRACTORS AND UNAFFILIATED THIRD PARTIES .

14.1 Subcontractors . Transfer Agent may, without further consent of Company, subcontract with (a) any affiliates, or (b) unaffiliated subcontractors for such services as may be required from time to time (e.g. lost shareholder searches, escheatment, telephone and mailing services); provided, however, that Transfer Agent shall be as fully responsible to Company for the acts and omissions of any subcontractor as it is for its own acts and omissions. Transfer Agent warrants that any such subcontractor shall be duly registered under applicable law, if required.

14.2 Unaffiliated Third Parties . Nothing herein shall impose any duty upon Transfer Agent in connection with or make Transfer Agent liable for the actions or omissions to act of unaffiliated third parties (other than subcontractors referenced in Section 14.1 of this Agreement) such as, by way of example and not limitation, airborne services, delivery services, the U.S. mails, and telecommunication companies, provided, if Transfer Agent selected such company, Transfer Agent exercised due care in selecting the same.

15. MISCELLANEOUS .

15.1 Notices . Any notice or communication by Transfer Agent or Company to the other pursuant to this Agreement is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or sent by overnight delivery service or first class mail, postage prepaid, to the other’s address:

 

If to Company:   

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282

Attn: GSAM Legal, 15 th Floor

If to Transfer Agent:   

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

250 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attn: General Counsel

15.2 No Expenditure of Funds . No provision of this Agreement shall require Transfer Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if it shall believe in good faith that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

15.3 Successors . All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of Company or Transfer Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

15.4 Amendments . This Agreement may be amended or modified by a written amendment executed by the parties hereto and, to the extent required, authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors of Company.

15.5 Severability . If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provision, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.


15.6 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

15.7 Force Majeure . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Transfer Agent shall not be liable for any delays or failures in performance resulting from acts beyond its reasonable control including, without limitation, acts of God, terrorist acts, shortage of supply, breakdowns or malfunctions, interruptions or malfunction of computer facilities, or loss of data due to power failures or mechanical difficulties with information storage or retrieval systems, labor difficulties, war, or civil unrest.

15.8 Third Party Beneficiaries . The provisions of this Agreement are intended to benefit only Transfer Agent, Company and their respective permitted successors and assigns. No rights shall be granted to any other person by virtue of this Agreement, and there are no third party beneficiaries hereof.

15.9 Survival . All provisions regarding indemnification, warranty, liability and limits thereon, and confidentiality and protection of proprietary rights and trade secrets shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement.

15.10 Priorities . In the event of any conflict, discrepancy, or ambiguity between the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement and any schedules or attachments hereto, the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement shall take precedence.

15.11 Merger of Agreement . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto and supersedes any prior agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof, whether oral or written.

15.12 No Strict Construction . The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event any ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by all parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement.

15.13 Descriptive Headings . Descriptive headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

15.14 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Agreement transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect, and enforceability as an original signature.

[The remainder of page intentionally left blank.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed by one of its officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.

 

Computershare Inc. and      
Computershare Trust Company, N. A.       Goldman Sachs Closed- End Funds listed on
Schedule 1

On Behalf of Both Entities:

     
By:  

 

      By:   

 

Name:  

 

      Name:   

 

Title:  

 

      Title:   

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO TRANSFER AGENCY AND SERVICE AGREEMENT]


Schedule 1

Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund


Fee and Service Schedule for Stock Transfer Services

Among

Each of the Goldman Sachs

Closed-End Investment Companies Listed on Exhibit A

and

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

and

Computershare Inc.

This Fee and Service Schedule (“Schedule”) is by and between Computershare Inc. (“Computershare”) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Trust Company”) (collectively, “Transfer Agent”) and each of the Goldman Sachs closed-end investment companies listed on Exhibit A of the Agreement (the “Company”), whereby the Transfer Agent will perform the following services for the Company. This Schedule is an attachment to the Agreement. Terms used, but not otherwise defined in this Schedule, shall have the same meaning as those terms in the Agreement.

1. TERM

The fees set forth in this Schedule shall be effective for a period of three (3) years , commencing from the effective date of November 25, 2013 (the “Initial Term”). If no new fee schedule is agreed upon prior to a Renewal Term, provided that service mix and volumes remain constant, the fees listed in the Schedule shall be increased by the accumulated change in the National Employment Cost Index for Service Producing Industries (Finance, Insurance, Real Estate) for the preceding years of the expiring term, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor. Fees will be increased on this basis for each successive Renewal Term.

2. FEES

Ongoing Account Management*, Per Fund

This fee covers the administration of the services listed in Section 3, except as noted otherwise. Out-of-pocket expenses associated with providing these services will be charged separately.

 

$2,500    One-Time Set-Up Fee for establishing master file, contract and document review 1
$1,000    Per month – Includes Annual Dividends
$1,150    Per month – Includes Semi-Annual Dividends
$1,250    Per month – Includes Quarterly Dividends
$1,875    Per month – Includes Monthly Dividends

* If the average volume of transactions or inquiries significantly increases during the term of this Agreement, as a result of outside factors or unforeseen circumstances for which the Transfer Agent is not the proximate cause, the Transfer Agent and the Company shall negotiate an additional fee.

 

Page 1


Direct Filing of Unclaimed Property (when applicable)

 

•    Annual administration fee

   $2,500

•    Due Diligence

   $4.00 per Account

•    State report fee

   $125 per positive report

•    Negative (nil) report fee

   $ 25 per negative report (maximum $500 per year)

•    Account processed

   $1.25 per Account escheated

Lost Shareholder Search Services

 

•    SEC Electronic Database Search

   $2.00 per Account searched

3. SERVICES (per Fund)

Pre-Initial Public Data Conversion

 

    Assignment of IPO Team Closing Specialist
    Copy of IPO Handbook
    Conversion of existing Shareholder records (assumes standard file format; non-standard formats may be subject to additional fees based on appraisal)
    QuickCert Set Up
    Administrative coordination with working group relative to the offering
    Attendance at closing, if requested (out of pocket expenses associated with attendance at closing will be billed as incurred)
    Coordination of Overallotment (if exercised concurrently with initial offering)
    Electronic delivery of shares to underwriters at the time of closing

Administrative Services

 

    Annual administrative services as Transfer Agent and Registrar for the common stock of each Fund
    Provide management and board report information as requested
    Assignment of relationship manager

Account Maintenance

 

    Maintain 500 registered Shareholder Accounts per Fund (additional Accounts to be billed at $6.00 each per year)
    Create new Shareholder Accounts
    Post and acknowledge address changes
    Process other routine file maintenance adjustments
    Post all transactions, including debit and credit certificates, to the Shareholder file
    Provide confirmation of authorized and issued capital amounts to Company, upon request
    Perform OFAC (Office of Foreign Asset Control) and Patriot Act reporting
    Obtain tax certifications for companies who are tax resident in the United States
    If any Fund is tax resident in a country other than the United States, such Fund shall advise Transfer Agent. Additional fees may apply under such circumstance.

Share Issuance

 

    Issue, cancel and register Shares
    Process all legal transfers as appropriate


    Reissue Shares into larger or smaller denominations
    If applicable, replace lost, stolen or destroyed certificates in accordance with UCC guidelines and Transfer Agent policy (subject to Shareholder-paid fee and bond premium)
    Place, maintain and remove stop-transfer notations

Shareholder Communications

 

    Provide Company-specific Shareholder contact number
    Provide IVR 24/7 (subject to system maintenance)
    Respond to Shareholder inquiries (written, e-mail and web)
    Record Shareholder calls
    Scan and image incoming correspondence from Shareholders

Direct Registration System (“DRS”)

 

    Register, issue and transfer DRS book-entry Shares
    Issue DRS statements of holding
    Provide Shareholders with the ability to sell Shares through the IVR, telephone, mail or Internet, either via a batch order or a market order transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions, including applicable fees, of the DRS Sales Facility
    Process sales requests within the appropriate timeframe based on the type of service requested, in accordance with the terms of the DRS sales facility
    Coordinate the issuance, payment and reconcilement for any proceeds stemming from the use of the DRS sales facility, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the facility
    Coordinate the mailing of advices to Shareholders
    Accept and cancel certificated Shares and credit such Shares into a DRS position

Online Access

 

    Provide availability to “Issuer Online,” which provides access to Company and Shareholder information administered by Transfer Agent, which permits data management including accessing standard reports such as Top 10 - 200 Shareholder lists, submitting real-time inquiries such as an issued capital query, and reporting by holding range
    Provide availability to “Investor Centre,” which provides Shareholder Account information, transaction capabilities, downloadable forms and FAQs
    Provide on-demand reporting to allow Company to generate non-standard reports at Transfer Agent’s standard fee for such reports

Dividend Services

 

    Receive full funding on payable date by 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time via Federal Funds Wire, ACH or Demand Deposit Account debit
    Coordinate the mailing of dividends with an additional enclosure with each dividend check
    Prepare and file federal information returns (Form 1099) of dividends paid in a year
    Prepare and file state information returns of dividends paid in a year to Shareholders resident within such state
    Prepare and file annual withholding return (Form 1042) and payments to the government of income taxes withheld from non-resident aliens
    Coordinate the mailing of Form 1099 to Shareholders
    Coordinate the email notification to Shareholders of the online availability of Form 1099
    Replace lost dividend checks
    Reconcile paid and outstanding checks
    Code “undeliverable” Accounts to suppress mailing dividend checks to same
    Keep records of accumulated uncashed dividends


    Withhold tax from Shareholder Accounts as required by United States government regulations Reconcile and report taxes withheld, including additional Form 1099 reporting requirements, to the Internal Revenue Service
    Mail to new Accounts who have had taxes withheld, to inform them of procedures to be followed to curtail subsequent back-up withholding
    Perform Shareholder file adjustments to reflect certification of Accounts
    If Company is not tax resident in the United States, Company shall advise Transfer Agent. Dividend withholding tax services are subject to additional fees.

Automated Clearinghouse (ACH) Services

 

    Review data for accuracy and completeness
    Mail cure letter to Shareholders with incomplete information
    Code Accounts for ACH and performing pre-note test
    Identify rejected ACH transmissions, mail dividend check and explanation letter to Shareholders with rejected transmissions
    Respond to Shareholder inquiries concerning the ACH Program
    Calculate on a quarterly basis the Share breakdown for ACH vs. other dividend payments and notifying the Company of funding amount for ACH transmissions and other payable date funds
    Credit ACH designated bank accounts automatically on dividend payable date
    Maintenance of ACH participant file, including coding new ACH Accounts
    Process termination requests
    Keep adequate records including retention of ACH documents

Dividend Re-Investment Plan Services

 

    Maintain Plan Accounts and establish new participant Accounts
    As requested, invest dividend monies purchases per the Plan document
    Coordinate the distribution of statements and/or transaction advices to Plan participants when activity occurs
    Coordinate an email notification to requesting Plan participants of the online availability of their Plan statements
    Process automatic investments via the ACH purchase facility
    Process termination and withdrawal requests
    Provide Plan participants with the ability to sell Shares through the IVR, telephone, mail or Internet, either via a batch order or a market order transaction, in accordance with the terms of the Plan
    Process sale requests within the appropriate timeframe based on the type of service requested and the stipulations of the Plan
    Coordinate the issuance, payment and reconcilement for any proceeds stemming from the use of the Plan sales facility, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Plan
    Issue the proper tax forms and perform the required reporting to the IRS
    Accept and cancel certificated Shares and credit such Shares in book-entry form into the Plan
    Coordinate the mailing of Form 1099 to participants, including Plan participants and perform related filings with the IRS
    Supply summary reports for each reinvestment/investment to client if requested
    Coordinate the mailing of annual privacy notice to Plan participants, as required, at Company’s expense

International Currency Exchange Services


    Allow Shareholders to elect to receive sale proceeds, dividend payments and other payment types in foreign currencies (subject to certain geographic restrictions) by check or by electronic funds transfer in accordance with Transfer Agent’s guidelines (fees paid by Shareholders)

Annual Meeting Services (includes one annual meeting per year, per Fund, excludes annual meetings conducted through consent)

 

    Provide a proxy record date list through Issuer Online’s FileShare; includes Shareholder name, address and Share amount (additional fees assessed for paper requests or other file delivery mechanisms)
    Address proxy cards for all registered Shareholders
    Coordinate the mailing of the proxy package
    Receive, open and examine returned paper proxies
    Tabulate returned paper proxies
    Provide the company vote status through Issuer Online’s Proxy Watch
    Attend Annual Meeting and provide one Inspector of Election for Annual Meeting (travel expenses billed as incurred)
    Prepare a final voted/unvoted list through Issuer Online’s Proxy Watch
    Return/destruction of excess materials

Direct Filing of Unclaimed Property

 

    Coordinate the mailing of due diligence notices to all qualifying Shareholder Accounts as defined by the state filing matrix
    Process returned due diligence notices and remitting property to Shareholders prior to escheatment
    Prepare and file required preliminary and final unclaimed property reports
    Prepare and file checks/wires for each state covering unclaimed funds as per state requirements
    Issue and file stock/stock certificate(s) registered to the applicable state(s) representing returned (RPO) certificates and underlying Share positions
    Retain, as required by law or otherwise, records of property escheated to the states and responding, after appropriate research, to Shareholder inquiries relating to same

Lost Shareholder Search Services

 

    Identify Accounts eligible for SEC Mandated Searches
    Perform electronic database searches in accordance with SEC requirements
    Update new addresses provided by search firm
    Send verification form to Shareholder to validate address
    Reissue unclaimed property held to Shareholders upon receipt of signed verification form

4. Additional Services

Services not specifically listed in Section 3 in this Schedule (“Additional Services”) may be subject to additional fees as agreed by the parties. Additional Services include, but are not limited to: services associated with the payment of a stock dividend, a stock split, a corporate reorganization, mass issuance, or an unvested stock program; audit services; regulatory reports; services provided to a vendor of the Company; services related to special meetings; virtual Shareholder meeting services; or any services associated with a special project.

Services required by legislation or regulatory fiat which become effective after the date of acceptance of this Schedule shall not be a part of the Services and may be subject to additional fees.


DWAC services provided to broker dealers are not included in the ongoing account management fee. DWAC fees are charged directly to broker dealers.

5. Billing Definition of Number of Accounts

For billing purposes, the number of Accounts will be based on open Accounts on file at the beginning of each billing period, plus any new Accounts added during that period. An open Account shall mean the Account of each Shareholder which Account shall hold any full or fractional Shares held by such Shareholder, outstanding funds, or reportable tax information.

6. Out-of-Pocket Expenses

In addition to the fees above, the Company agrees to reimburse the Transfer Agent for reasonable documented out-of-pocket expenses, including but not limited to postage, forms, envelopes, printing, enclosing, fulfillment, NCOA searches, telephone, taxes, records storage, exchange and broker fees. In addition, any other expenses incurred by the Transfer Agent at the request or with the consent of the Company, will be reimbursed by the Company.

Postage expenses in excess of $10,000 for Shareholder mailings must be received in full by 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the scheduled mailing date. Postage expenses less than $10,000 will be billed as incurred.

Company will be responsible for overtime charges assessed In the event of a late delivery to the Transfer Agent of Company material for mailings to Shareholders, unless the mail date is rescheduled. Such material includes, but is not limited to, proxy statements, quarterly and annual reports and news releases.

In WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Schedule to be executed by one of its officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the effective date hereof.

 

Computershare Inc. and       Each of the Goldman Sachs Closed-End listed on
Computershare Trust Company, N. A.       Investment Companies List on Exhibit A

On Behalf of Both Entities:

     
By:  

 

      By:   

 

Name:  

 

      Name:   

 

Title:  

 

      Title:   

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FEE AND SERVICE SCHEDULE FOR STOCK TRANSFER SERVICES]


First Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“Amendment”), effective as of , 2014 (“Effective Date”), is to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the “Agreement”) made as of November 29, 2013, between Each of the Goldman Sachs Closed-End Investment Companies Listed in Schedule 1 (each individually a “Fund” and collectively, the “Company”) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc., (collectively, the “Transfer Agent or individually, “Computershare” and the “Trust Company”, respectively”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement.

WHEREAS, Company and the Transfer Agent are parties to the Agreement; and

WHEREAS, Company and the Transfer Agent desire to amend the Agreement upon the terms and conditions set forth herein;

NOW THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:

1. Amendment to Agreement. Schedule 1 of the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the new Schedule 1 attached hereto.

2. Limited Effect. Except as expressly modified herein, the Agreement shall continue to be and shall remain, in full force and effect and the valid and binding obligation of the parties thereto in accordance with its terms.

3. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Amendment transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect, and enforceability as an original signature.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their respective officers, hereunto duly agreed and authorized, as of the Effective Date.

 

Computershare Inc. and       Goldman Sachs Closed-End Funds listed on
Computershare Trust Company, N. A.       Schedule 1

On Behalf of Both Entities:

     
By:  

 

      By:   

 

Name:  

 

      Name:   

 

Title:  

 

      Title:   

 


SCHEDULE 1

Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

EX.99.(k)(2)

Execution Copy

ENHANCED ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement (“Agreement”) dated as of April 24, 2012, is by and among Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”) and Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund (“GSCSF” and, together with GST, the “Trusts”), separately and not jointly, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Bank”). This Agreement was effective as of April 1, 2009.

W HEREAS , each Trust is an open-end or closed-end management company and is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) by means of a registration statement (“Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);

W HEREAS , GST and the Bank, among others, are parties to an Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement dated October 15, 1999 pursuant to which the Bank provides certain enhanced accounting services to those Trusts, and the Bank and the Trusts desire to terminate that agreement and enter into this Agreement in lieu thereof;

W HEREAS , GST desires to retain the Bank to provide additional enhanced accounting services as described herein and the Bank is willing to furnish such services on the terms and conditions set forth;

W HEREAS , GSCSF desires to retain the Bank to provide certain enhanced accounting services to it and the Bank is willing to provide such services on the terms and conditions set forth herein and has furnished such services since April 1, 2009. The series of the Trusts for which the Bank will provide services are referred to herein as the “Portfolios”; and

W HEREAS , the Trusts may request the Bank to provide certain services at the Trust level; because the Bank currently provides services only to the series of the Trusts listed on Exhibit 1 hereto and not to all series of the Trusts, in providing such services the Bank will be required to utilize information generated by another service provider to the Trusts with respect to the series of such Trusts other than the Portfolios (the “Other Funds”);

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. A PPOINTMENT OF B ANK

Each Trust hereby appoints the Bank to provide certain enhanced accounting services to the Portfolios for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Bank accepts such appointment and agrees to render the services stated herein.

In the event that any management investment company in addition to those listed above desires to have the Bank render services under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Bank in writing, and if the Bank agrees in writing to provide such services, such management investment company shall become a Trust hereunder and be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth herein.

 

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The Bank currently provides services to the Portfolio(s) listed in Exhibit 1 to this Agreement. In the event that a Trust establishes one or more additional Portfolio(s) with respect to which it wishes to retain the Bank to provide services hereunder, the Trust shall notify the Bank in writing. Upon written acceptance by the Bank, such Portfolio(s) shall become subject to the provisions of this Agreement to the same extent as the existing Portfolios, except to the extent that such provisions (including those relating to compensation and expenses payable) may be modified with respect to such Portfolio in writing by the Trust(s) and the Bank at the time of the addition of such Portfolio.

 

2. D ELIVERY OF D OCUMENTS

Each Trust will promptly deliver, upon request, to the Bank copies of each of the following documents and any future amendments and supplements, if any:

 

  a. The Trust’s Declaration of Trust and By-laws;

 

  b. Evidence authorizing certain individuals on behalf of the Trust to give instructions to the Bank pursuant to this Agreement; and

 

  c. Such other certificates, documents or opinions which the parties hereto may agree from time to time which may be necessary or appropriate in connection with this Agreement.

 

3. R EPRESENTATIONS AND W ARRANTIES OF THE B ANK

The Bank represents and warrants to each Trust that:

 

  a. It is a Massachusetts trust company, duly organized and existing under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts;

 

  b. It has the corporate power and authority to carry on its business in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts;

 

  c. All requisite corporate proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  d. No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would impair the Bank’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and

 

  e. Its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Bank or any law or regulation applicable to it.

 

4. R EPRESENTATIONS AND W ARRANTIES OF EACH T RUST

Each Trust represents and warrants to the Bank that:

 

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  a. It is a statutory trust, duly organized, existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware;

 

  b. It has the power and authority under applicable laws and by its Declaration of Trust and By-laws to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  c. All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;

 

  d. No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would impair the Trust’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;

 

  e. Its entrance into this Agreement will not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Trust or any law or regulation applicable to it; and

 

  f. As of the effective date of this Agreement, all necessary filings under the securities laws of the states in which the Trust offers or sells its Shares have been made, or the Trust is otherwise relying on an exemption from such filings.

 

5. S ERVICES

The Bank shall provide the enhanced accounting services described below, subject to the control, supervision and direction of each Trust and the review and comment by the relevant Trust’s auditors and legal counsel and in accordance with procedures which may be established from time to time between the Trusts and the Bank:

Financial Reporting — Basic Services:

 

1. Preparation of Audit Workpapers,

 

2. Preparation of semi-annual and annual financial statements and Form N-Q reports (each, a “Report” and collectively, the “Reports”),

 

3. Coordination of EDGARization, filing and printing with the SEC of the Reports with the printer,

 

4. Compilation and processing of comments from audit firms and Goldman Sachs’ Fund Controllers group, and

 

5. Review for completeness and accuracy of all typeset changes submitted by the Bank.

Each Report will be delivered in word processing media or in a combination of tagged file format, .pdf file format and word processing media as agreed upon between the parties in accordance with schedules agreed upon among the parties.

 

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Reports to be prepared for each Trust (except Form N-Q Reports) for each required period shall include:

 

  Schedule of Investments

 

  Statement of Assets and Liabilities

 

  Statement of Operations

 

  Statement of Changes in Net Assets

 

  Statement of Cash Flows (as needed)

 

  Financial Highlights

 

  Footnotes to Financial Statement

 

  Trust Expense Table

Form N-Q Reports shall include a Schedule of Investments and appropriate footnotes to the Schedule of Investments.

Form N-SAR Preparation:

The Bank will prepare the Trusts’ periodic financial reports required to be filed with the SEC on Form N-SAR. In connection with such preparation, the Bank will incorporate information provided by the (i) the Trusts’ Treasurers or their designees, (ii) other service providers to the Trusts that service the Other Funds, (iii) fund legal counsel and (iv) audit firms into the Form N-SAR, collect and EDGARize required exhibits, file Form N-SAR with the SEC within regulatory deadlines and provide copies of confirmation of acceptance of filing by the SEC. The Bank shall provide the office facilities and the personnel required to perform the services contemplated herein.

The Bank shall perform such other services for each Trust that are mutually agreed to by the parties from time to time, for which each Trust will pay such fees as may be mutually agreed upon, including the Bank’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. The provision of such services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

The Bank shall provide the office facilities and the personnel determined by it to perform the services contemplated herein.

 

6. F EES ; E XPENSES ; E XPENSE R EIMBURSEMENT

The Bank shall receive from each Trust such compensation for the Bank’s services provided pursuant to this Agreement as may be agreed to from time to time in a written fee schedule approved by the parties. The fees are accrued daily and billed monthly and shall be due and payable upon receipt of the invoice. Upon the termination of this Agreement before the end of any month, the fee for the part of the month before such termination shall be prorated according to the proportion which such part bears to the full monthly period and shall be due and payable upon the receipt of the final invoice. In addition, each Trust shall reimburse the Bank for its reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with this Agreement.

Each Trust agrees promptly to reimburse the Bank for any supplies specially ordered by or for the Trust through the Bank and for any other expenses not contemplated by this Agreement that the Bank may incur on the Trust’s behalf at the Trust’s request or with the Trust’s consent.

 

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Each Trust will bear all expenses that are incurred in its operation and not specifically assumed by the Bank. Expenses to be borne by each Trust, include, but are not limited to: organizational expenses; cost of services of independent accountants and outside legal and tax counsel; cost of any services contracted for by each Trust directly from parties other than the Bank; cost of trading operations and brokerage fees, commissions and transfer taxes in connection with the purchase and sale of securities for the Trust; investment advisory fees; taxes, insurance premiums and other fees and expenses applicable to its operation; costs incidental to any meetings of shareholders; costs incidental to the preparation, typesetting, printing and distribution of the Trust’s shareholder reports; cost of preparation and filing of the Trust’s tax returns; and all notices, registrations and amendments associated with applicable federal and state tax and securities laws; all applicable registration fees and filing fees required under federal and state securities laws; and the cost of independent pricing services used in computing the Portfolios’ net asset value.

The Bank is authorized to and may employ, associate or contract with such person or persons as the Bank may deem desirable to assist it in performing its duties under this Agreement; provided, however, that the compensation of such person or persons shall be paid by the Bank and that the Bank shall be as fully responsible to each Trust for the acts and omissions of any such person or persons as it is for its own acts and omissions.

 

7. I NSTRUCTIONS AND A DVICE

At any time, the Bank may apply to any officer of a Trust or other designated person(s) for instructions and may consult with outside counsel for the Trust or the independent accountants for the Trust at the expense of the Trust, with respect to any matter arising in connection with the services to be performed by the Bank under this Agreement. The Bank shall not be liable, and shall be indemnified by the applicable Trust, for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith in reliance upon any such instructions or advice or upon any paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper person or persons. The Bank shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person until receipt of written notice thereof from the Trust(s). Nothing in this section shall be construed as imposing upon the Bank any obligation to seek such instructions or advice, or to act in accordance with such advice when received.

 

8. L IMITATION OF L IABILITY AND I NDEMNIFICATION

The Bank shall be responsible for the performance of only such duties as are set forth in this Agreement and, except as otherwise provided under Section 6 of this Agreement, shall have no responsibility for the actions or activities of any other party, including other service providers. Specifically, the Bank shall have no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of information generated by JP Morgan Chase & Co., another service provider to GST, and provided to the Bank in order that the Bank can provide the Form N-SAR preparation services described in Section 5 above with respect to the Other Funds.

 

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The Bank shall have no liability in respect of any loss, damage or expense suffered by the Trusts insofar as such loss, damage or expense arises from the performance of the Bank’s duties hereunder solely in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Trusts by entities other than the Bank prior to the Bank’s provision of enhanced accounting services for the Trusts. The Bank shall have no liability for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss or damage resulting from the performance or nonperformance of its duties hereunder except to the extent caused by or resulting from the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of the Bank, its officers or employees. The Bank shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, including lost profits, of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) under any provision of this Agreement or for any such damages arising out of any act or failure to act hereunder. In any event, for any liability or loss suffered by the Bank, the Bank’s total cumulative liability under this Agreement shall be limited to such amount as may be mutually agreed upon in writing from time to time.

The Bank shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its control, including without limitation, work stoppage, power or other mechanical failure, computer virus, natural disaster or governmental action.

Each Trust shall indemnify and hold the Bank harmless from all loss, cost, damage and expense, including reasonable fees and expenses for counsel, incurred by the Bank resulting from any claim, demand, action or suit in connection with the Bank’s acceptance of this Agreement, any action or omission by it in the performance of its duties hereunder, or as a result of acting upon any instructions reasonably believed by it to have been duly authorized by the Trust, provided that this indemnification shall not apply to actions or omissions of the Bank, its officers or employees in cases of its or their own negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

The indemnification contained herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

9. C ONFIDENTIALITY

The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially all information provided by each party to the other party regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party hereto shall be used by the other party hereto solely for the purpose of rendering or receiving services pursuant to this Agreement and, except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party, except as described herein. Neither party will use or disclose confidential information for purposes other than the activities contemplated by this Agreement or except as required by law, court process or pursuant to the lawful requirement of a governmental agency, or if the party is advised by counsel that it may incur liability for failure to make a disclosure, or except at the request or with the written consent of the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each party acknowledges that the other party may provide access to and use of confidential information relating to the other party to the disclosing party’s employees, contractors, agents, professional advisors, auditors or persons performing similar functions.

The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (i) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this

 

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Agreement, (ii) that is independently derived by a party hereto without the use of any information provided by the other party hereto in connection with this Agreement, (iii) that is required in any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, or by operation of law or regulation, or (iv) where the party seeking to disclose has received the prior written consent of the party providing the information, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Furthermore, and notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, the Bank may aggregate Trust data with similar data of other customers of the Bank (“Aggregated Data”) and may use Aggregated Data for purposes of constructing statistical models so long as such Aggregated Data represents a sufficiently large sample that no Trust data can be identified either directly or by inference or implication.

The undertakings and obligations contained in this Section shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years.

 

10. C OMPLIANCE WITH G OVERNMENTAL R ULES AND R EGULATIONS ; R ECORDS

Each Trust assumes full responsibility for complying with all securities, tax, commodities and other laws, rules and regulations applicable to it. The Bank assumes full responsibility for complying with all laws applicable to it in connection with the performance of its services under this Agreement.

In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Bank agrees that all records which it maintains for each Trust shall at all times remain the property of the Trust, shall be readily accessible during normal business hours, and shall be promptly surrendered upon the termination of the Agreement or otherwise on written request. The Bank further agrees that all records that it maintains for each Trust pursuant to Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act will be preserved for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act unless any such records are earlier surrendered as provided above. Records may be surrendered in machine-readable form.

 

11. S ERVICES N OT E XCLUSIVE

The services of the Bank are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Bank shall be free to render similar services to others. The Bank shall be deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or authorized by the Trust from time to time, have no authority to act or represent the Trust in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Trust.

 

12. T ERM , T ERMINATION AND A MENDMENT

This Agreement became effective as of the effective date stated in the opening paragraph hereof. The Agreement shall remain in effect for a Trust unless terminated by such Trust or the Bank on sixty (60) days’ prior written notice. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any given Trust shall in no way affect the continued validity of this Agreement with respect to any other Trust. Upon termination of this Agreement, each Trust shall pay to the Bank such compensation and any reimbursable expenses as may be due under the terms hereof as of the date of such termination, including reasonable out-of-pocket expenses associated with such termination. This Agreement may be modified or amended from time to time by mutual written agreement of the parties hereto.

 

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13. N OTICES

Any notice or other communication authorized or required by this Agreement to be given to either party shall be in writing and deemed to have been given when delivered in person or by confirmed facsimile, by overnight delivery through a commercial courier service, or posted by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the following address (or such other address as a party may specify by written notice to the other): if to each Trust: Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282; if to the Bank: State Street Bank and Trust Company, 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Mail Stop LCC 0223, Boston, MA 02111, Attn: Mary M. Zeven, Esq.

 

14. N ON -A SSIGNABILITY

This Agreement shall not be assigned by either party hereto without the prior consent in writing of the other party, except that the Bank may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business, or to a party controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Bank.

 

15. S UCCESSORS

This Agreement shall be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of each Trust and the Bank and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

16. E NTIRE A GREEMENT

This Agreement contains the entire understanding between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous representations, warranties or commitments regarding the services to be performed hereunder whether oral or in writing. The Bank and GST hereby agree that, effective on the date hereof, the Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement dated October 15, 1999 pursuant to which the Bank provides certain enhanced accounting services to that Trust is hereby terminated.

 

17. W AIVER

The failure of a party to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion shall not be considered a waiver nor shall it deprive such party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any term of this Agreement. Any waiver must be in writing signed by the waiving party.

 

18. S EVERABILITY

If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, the balance of the Agreement shall remain in effect, and if any provision is inapplicable to any person or circumstance it shall nevertheless remain applicable to all other persons and circumstances.

 

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19. G OVERNING L AW

This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

 

20. R EPRODUCTION OF D OCUMENTS

This Agreement and all schedules, exhibits, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, xerographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. The parties hereto all/each agree that any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and that any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

 

21. S HAREHOLDER L IABILITY

This Agreement is executed by or on behalf of the Trusts with respect to each of their respective Funds. All persons dealing with a Trust must look solely to the property of that Trust for the enforcement of any claims against the Trust or the Funds as neither the officers nor shareholders of such entities, as applicable, assume any personal liability for the obligations entered into herein.

 

22 . C OUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto on any number of counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first written above.

 

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

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GOLDMAN SACHS CREDIT STRATEGIES FUND
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  

 

STATE STREET BANK TRUST COMPANY
By:  

 

Name:   Michael Rogers
Title:   Executive Vice President

 

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ENHANCED ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

EXHIBIT 1

Goldman Sachs Trust

Goldman Sachs Focused Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Balanced Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Large Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured Small Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Structured U.S. Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Brazil Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs China Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs India Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Korea Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Enhanced Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Government Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Inflation Protected Securities Fund

Goldman Sachs Short Duration Government Fund

Goldman Sachs Ultra-Short Duration Government Fund

Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Goldman Sachs High Yield Fund

Goldman Sachs High Yield Floating Rate Fund

Goldman Sachs Investment Grade Credit Fund

Goldman Sachs Local Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Goldman Sachs U.S. Mortgages Fund

Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Core Plus Fixed Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Global Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Strategic Income Fund

Retirement Strategy 2010

Retirement Strategy 2015

Retirement Strategy 2020

Retirement Strategy 2030

Retirement Strategy 2040

Retirement Strategy 2050

Goldman Sachs All Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Capital Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Concentrated Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund

 

11


Execution Copy

 

Goldman Sachs Technology Tollkeeper Fund

Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth and Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Equity Growth Strategy Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Growth Strategy Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Balanced Strategy Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Growth & Income Strategy Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Income Strategies Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Satellite Strategies Portfolio

Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund

 

12


October 1, 2013

State Street Bank and Trust Company

Attn: James DePietro

Lafayette Corporate Center

2 Ave. de Lafayette

Boston, MA 02111

 

  Re: Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund: Additional Fund to Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is hereby made to the Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement dated as of April 24, 2012 by and between Goldman Sachs Trust (“Goldman Sachs Trust”), Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund (“GSCSF”) and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), as amended, modified and supplemented from time to time (the “Agreement”). Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

This is to advise you that Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) has been established as a new closed-end management investment company. Goldman Sachs Trust, Goldman Sachs Credit Strategies Fund and Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund hereby request that the Fund be added to the Agreement. All references in the Agreement to the “Trust” shall be deemed to apply, as applicable, to the Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund.

Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing two copies of this letter, returning one and retaining one copy for your records.

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer


GOLDMAN SACHS CREDIT STRATEGIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST II

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

Agreed to this     day of             , 2013.

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:

 

 

Name:

Title:


AMENDMENT TO ENHANCED ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Amendment to the Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement dated and effective as of                     2014, by and among Goldman Sachs Trust (“GST”), Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund (“GSIOF”), Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity-FIMS Fund Ltd. (“Cayman FIMS”), Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity TTIF Fund Ltd. (“Cayman TTIF”), (collectively, the “Existing Trusts”), and Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (“GSERF”), separately and not jointly, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Bank”).

WHEREAS, the Existing Trusts and the Bank are parties to an Enhanced Accounting Services Agreement effective as of April 1, 2009 (as amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, the parties desire to amend the Agreement as set forth below;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Amendment .

 

   Additional Trust

 

   GSERF has been established as a new closed-end management investment company. In accordance with the terms of the Agreement, the Existing Trusts hereby request that GSERF be added to the Agreement as a “Trust”. GSERF shall be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions of the Agreement including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth in the Agreement. All references in the Agreement to a “Trust” shall be deemed to apply to GSERF. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement shall be revised and replaced in its entirety with Exhibit 1 attached hereto. All services referenced in Section 5 shall also apply to GSERF.

 

2. Miscellaneous .

 

  (a) Terms used herein and not hereby defined shall have the meaning attributed to them in the Agreement.

 

  (b) Except as expressly amended hereby, all provisions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

  (c) This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first written above.

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By:  

 

Name: Michael F. Rogers
Title: Executive Vice President

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer

GOLDMAN SACHS CAYMAN COMMODITY-FIMS FUND LTD.

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Director

GOLDMAN SACHS CAYMAN COMMODITY TTIF FUND LTD.

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Director

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

 

By:  

 

Name: Scott M. McHugh
Title: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer


EXHIBIT 1

DATED AS OF [            ]

Goldman Sachs Trust

Goldman Sachs Balanced Strategy Fund

Goldman Sachs Equity Growth Strategy Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth and Income Strategy Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth Strategy Fund

Goldman Sachs Income Strategies Fund

Goldman Sachs Satellite Strategies Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth and Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Capital Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Concentrated Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Flexible Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Focused Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Growth Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Technology Tollkeeper Fund

Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Fund

Goldman Sachs Dynamic Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Goldman Sachs Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Goldman Sachs High Yield Fund

Goldman Sachs High Yield Floating Rate Fund

Goldman Sachs Investment Grade Credit Fund

Goldman Sachs Local Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Goldman Sachs U.S. Mortgages Fund

Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Core Plus Fixed Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Global Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Strategic Income Fund

Goldman Sachs World Bond Fund

Goldman Sachs Enhanced Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Government Income Fund

Goldman Sachs Inflation Protected Securities Fund

Goldman Sachs Short Duration Government Fund

Goldman Sachs Short Duration Income Fund

Goldman Sachs High Quality Floating Rate Fund

Goldman Sachs Rising Dividend Growth Fund

Goldman Sachs Income Builder Fund

Goldman Sachs Large Cap Growth Insights Fund

Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Insights Fund

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Insights Fund

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Growth Insights Fund

Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Insights Fund

Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Insights Fund


Goldman Sachs Retirement Portfolio Completion Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP Energy Infrastructure Fund

Goldman Sachs Multi-Asset Real Return Fund

Goldman Sachs Fixed Income Macro Strategies Fund

Goldman Sachs Limited Maturity Obligations Fund

Goldman Sachs Small/Mid Cap Value Fund

Goldman Sachs Long Short Credit Strategies Fund

Goldman Sachs Tactical Tilt Implementation Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity-FIMS Fund Ltd.

Goldman Sachs Cayman Commodity TTIF Fund Ltd.

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

EX.99.(l)

 

LOGO

 

1095 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10036-6797

+1 212 698 3500 Main

+1 212 698 3599 Fax

www.dechert.com

 

August 26, 2014

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

 

  Re: Registration Statement on Form N-2

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “ Fund ”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form N-2 (Registration No. 333-197328) as originally filed on July 9, 2014 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ Investment Company Act ”), and as subsequently amended on or about the date hereof (the “ Registration Statement ”), relating to the proposed issuance of the Fund’s common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (“ Shares ”).

In rendering the opinion expressed below, we have examined and relied on originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate records and other instruments and such agreements, certificates and receipts of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Fund and others, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for rendering this opinion, including the following documents:

 

  (i) the Registration Statement;

 

  (ii) a draft of the Underwriting Agreement;

 

  (iii) the Certificate of Trust of the Fund;

 

  (iv) the Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust of the Fund;

 

  (v) the Declaration of Trust;


LOGO

 

August 26, 2014

Page 2

 

  (vi) the By-Laws of the Fund; and

 

  (vii) resolutions of the board of directors of the Fund relating to, among other things, the authorization and issuance of the Shares.

As to the facts upon which this opinion is based, we have relied, to the extent we deem proper, upon certificates of public officials and certificates and written statements of officers, directors, employees and representatives of the Fund.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as original documents and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies. In addition, we have assumed (i) the legal capacity of natural persons and (ii) the legal power and authority of all persons signing on behalf of the parties to all documents (other than the Fund).

On the basis of the foregoing and subject to the assumptions and qualifications set forth in this letter, we are of the opinion that when (i) the Underwriting Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the parties thereto and (ii) the Shares are (a) issued and delivered against receipt by the Fund of payment therefor at a price per Share not less than the par value per share of the Shares as contemplated by the Registration Statement and the prospectus contained therein and in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement and (b) if applicable, countersigned by the transfer agent, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

The opinion expressed herein is limited to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and judicial interpretations thereof. We are not members of the bar of the State of Delaware.

We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the date of this opinion.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the captions “Legal Opinions” and “Legal Matters” in the prospectus which forms a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Dechert LLP
Dechert LLP

EX.99.(n)

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form N-2 of our report dated August 15, 2014, relating to the financial statement of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent to reference to us under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

August 22, 2014

EX.99.(p)

FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

This Subscription Agreement is hereby made as of the 14th day of August, 2014, by and between Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (“Trust”) and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“Subscriber”).

WHEREAS, the Trust has been formed for the purpose of conducting, operating and carrying on the business of a closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act, as amended (“1940 Act”); and

WHEREAS, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”) expects to enter into an Management Agreement pursuant to which it will serve as the adviser to the Fund; and

WHEREAS, Section 14(a) of the 1940 Act requires each registered investment company to have a net worth of at least $100,000 before making a public offering of its securities, unless certain other arrangements have been made; and

WHEREAS, the Subscriber wishes to subscribe for and purchase, and the Trust wishes to sell to the Subscriber, 5,235.60 common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 (“Shares”), for a purchase price of $19.10 per Share, or an aggregate purchase price of $100,000.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Trust and the Subscriber agree as follows:

 

  1. The Subscriber subscribes for and agrees to purchase from the Trust the Shares for a purchase price of $19.10 per Share and an aggregate purchase price of $100,000. The Subscriber agrees to make payment for the Shares at such time as demand for payment may be made by an officer of the Trust.

 

  2. The Trust agrees to issue and sell said Shares to the Subscriber promptly upon its receipt of the aggregate purchase price.

 

  3. To induce the Trust to accept its subscription and issue the Shares subscribed for, the Subscriber represents that it is informed as follows:

 

  a. That the Shares being subscribed for have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), or registered or qualified under the securities laws of any state;

 

  b. That the Shares will be sold by the Trust in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act;

 

  c. That the Trust’s reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is predicated in part on the representations and agreements contained in this Subscription Agreement;

 

  d. That, when issued, the Shares will be “restricted securities” as defined in paragraph (a)(3) of Rule 144 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), and cannot be sold or transferred by the Subscriber unless they are subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from such registration is available; and


  e. That there do not currently appear to be any exemptions from the registration provisions of the Securities Act available to the Subscriber for resale of the Shares. In the future, certain exemptions may possibly become available, including an exemption for limited sales in accordance with the conditions of Rule 144.

The Subscriber understands that a primary purpose of the information acknowledged in subparagraphs (a) through (e) above is to put the Subscriber on notice as to certain restrictions on the transferability of the Shares.

 

  4. To further induce the Trust to accept its subscription and issue the Shares subscribed for, the Subscriber:

 

  a. Represents and warrants that the Shares subscribed for are being and will be acquired for investment for its own account and not on behalf of any other person or persons and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any public distribution thereof;

 

  b. Acknowledges that it has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters (and particularly in the business in which the Trust operates) as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investments in the Shares. The Subscriber also acknowledges that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act; and

 

  c. Agrees that any certificates representing the Shares subscribed for may bear a legend substantially in the following form:

The shares represented by this certificate have been acquired for investment and have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or any other federal or state securities law. These shares may not be offered for sale, sold or otherwise transferred unless registered under said securities laws or unless some exemption from registration is available; and

 

  5. This Subscription Agreement and all of its provisions shall be binding upon the legal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns of the parties hereto. This Subscription Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original.

 

  6. This Subscription Agreement is executed on behalf of the Trust by an officer of the Trust as an officer and not individually, and the obligations imposed upon the Trust by this Subscription Agreement are not binding upon any of the Trust’s Trustees, officers or shareholders individually, but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trust and the Subscriber have caused their duly authorized officers to execute this Subscription Agreement as of the date first above written.

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

 

By:  

 

Name:   James McNamara
Title:   President and Trustee

 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.
By:  

 

Name:   Gavin O’Connor
Title:   Authorized Signatory

EX.99.(r) (1)

GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST II

GOLDMAN SACHS LISTED CLOSED-END FUNDS 1

CODE OF ETHICS

 

 

For: GSAM – GST II – AIMS – Closed-End Funds

Effective Date: October 17, 2013

Revision History : Page 17

While affirming its confidence in the integrity and good faith of all of its officers and trustees, Goldman Sachs Trust II (the “Trust”) and the Goldman Sachs Listed Closed-End Funds (the “Closed-End Funds” and together with the Trust, the “Registrants”) recognize that the knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions and, in certain instances, the power to influence portfolio transactions which may be possessed by certain of its officers and trustees could place such individuals, if they engage in personal securities transactions, in a position where their personal interest may conflict with that of the Registrants. In view of the foregoing and of the provisions of Rule 17j-1(b)(1) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), the Registrants have adopted this Code of Ethics to specify and prohibit certain types of personal securities transactions deemed to create conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures.

This Code is divided into five parts. The first part contains provisions applicable to Access Persons (as defined below) of the Registrants who are also Access Persons of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“GS&Co.”), Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”) or Goldman Sachs Asset Management International (“GSAMI”) (each of GSAM and GSAMI, or their advisory affiliates referred to herein as the “Adviser”); the second contains certain general provisions; the third pertains to trustees who are not “interested persons” of an Adviser or the Registrants; the fourth pertains to “interested trustees” who are Access Persons of one of the Registrants but not Access Persons of an Adviser; and the fifth contains record-keeping and other provisions. Each Adviser imposes stringent reporting requirements and restrictions on the personal securities transactions of its Access Persons. The Registrants have determined that the high standards of ethics in the area of personal investing which have been established by each Adviser may, without change, be appropriately applied by the Registrants to those Access Persons of the Registrants who are also Access Persons of the Advisers. Such persons may have frequent opportunities for knowledge of and, in some cases, influence over, Registrant portfolio transactions. In the experience of the Registrants, interested trustees who are not Access Persons of an Adviser and trustees who are not “interested persons” have comparatively less current knowledge and considerably less influence over specific purchases and sales of securities by the Registrants. Therefore, this Code contains separate provisions applicable to such trustees.

 

1   This Code shall apply to any listed closed-end management investment company (a “Fund”) managed by Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (the “Adviser”) or an affiliated person of GSAM, as listed in Schedule A of this Code.


Definitions .

As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

  (1) “Access Person” with respect to the Registrants means any trustee and officer of a Registrant. “Access Person” with respect to GS&Co. means (because GS&Co. serves as distributor of the Trust and is primarily engaged in a business other than advising registered investment companies or other advisory clients) only those directors, officers and general partners of GS&Co. who, in the ordinary course of business, make, participate in or obtain information regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities (as defined below) by the Trust or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendations to the Trust regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities. “Access Person” with respect to GSAM and GSAMI means any director, officer, general partner or Advisory Person of GSAM and GSAMI.

 

  (2) “Advisory Person” means: (i) any employee of GSAM, GSAMI or their affiliates, (and any director, officer, general partner or employee of any company in a control relationship to a Registrant, GSAM, GSAMI or their advisory affiliates) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by the Registrant, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (ii) any natural person in a control relationship to a Registrant, GSAM, GSAMI or their affiliates who obtains information concerning recommendations made on behalf of the Registrant with regard to the purchase or sale of a Covered Security.

 

  (3) “Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

  (4) “Beneficial ownership” of a security shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

- 2 -


  (5) “Control” has the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act. Section 2(a)(9) generally provides that “control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

 

  (6) “Covered Security” has the meaning set forth in the Advisers’ Code of Ethics for the Access Persons covered by that Code of Ethics. Otherwise, “Covered Security” means a security as defined in Section 2(a) (36) of the Investment Company Act, except that it does not include:

(i) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii) banker’s acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments (any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that is in one of the two highest rating categories of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization), including repurchase agreements; and (iii) shares of registered open-end investment companies.

 

  (7) “Disinterested Trustee” means a trustee of a Registrant who is not an “interested person” of the Registrant within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act.

 

  (8) “Purchase or sale of a Covered Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security or any security that is exchangeable for or convertible into another security.

 

  (9) “Review Officer” means the officer of a Registrant or an Adviser designated from time to time to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by Access Persons. The term “Alternative Review Officer” means the officer of the Registrant or an Adviser designated from time to time to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by the Review Officer, and who shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the Review Officer. It is recognized that a different Review Officer and Alternative Review Officer may be designated with respect to a Registrant and each of the Advisers.

 

  (10)

A security is “being considered for purchase or sale” by a Registrant when a recommendation to purchase or sell a security has been

 

- 3 -


  made and communicated and, with respect to the person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation.

 

  (11) A security is “held or to be acquired” if within the most recent 15 days it (i) is or has been held by a Registrant, or (ii) is being or has been considered by an Adviser for purchase by the Registrant, and (iii) includes any option to purchase or sell and any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security described in (i) or (ii).

 

I. RULES APPLICABLE TO ACCESS PERSONS OF A REGISTRANT WHO ARE ALSO ACCESS PERSONS OF THE ADVISERS

 

  A. Incorporation of Advisers’ Codes of Ethics .

 

  (1) The provisions of the Advisers’ Code of Ethics, which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein by reference as the Registrants’ Code of Ethics applicable to Access Persons of the Registrants who are also Access Persons of an Adviser, except as provided in Section I-B hereof.

 

  (2) A violation of the Advisers’ Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of this Code.

 

  B. Reports .

 

  (1) Access Persons of the Advisers shall file the initial holdings report, annual holdings report and quarterly transaction reports required under the Advisers’ Code of Ethics with the Review Officer, and the Review Officer shall submit his or her initial holdings report, annual holdings report and quarterly transaction reports with respect to his/her personal securities holdings and transactions to the Alternative Review Officer.

 

  (2) With respect to Access Persons of an Adviser, to the extent provided in the Advisers’ Code of Ethics, quarterly transaction reports shall be deemed made with respect to any account where that person has made provision for transmittal of daily trading information regarding the account to be delivered to the designated Review Officer for his or her review.

 

  (3) A report filed with the Review Officer (or, in the case of a report of the Review Officer, with the Alternative Review Officer) shall be deemed to be filed with the Registrants.

 

- 4 -


II. GENERAL

 

  A. Legal Requirements . Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act provides, among other things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of a Registrant, including interested and Disinterested Trustees, among others, to engage in any act, practice or course of business in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such affiliated person of any security held or to be acquired by the Registrant in contravention of such rules and regulations as the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) may adopt to define and prescribe means reasonably necessary to prevent such acts, practices or courses of business as are fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative. Pursuant to Section 17(j), the Commission has adopted Rule 17j-1 which provides, among other things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of the Registrant in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a Covered Security held or to be acquired by the Registrant:

 

  (1) To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Registrant;

 

  (2) To make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Registrant or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made to the Registrant, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

  (3) To engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the Registrant; or

 

  (4) To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Registrant.

 

  B. Statement of Policy . It is the policy of each Registrant that no Access Person shall engage in any act, practice or course of conduct that would violate the provisions of Rule 17j-1. The fundamental position of each Registrant is, and has been, that each Access Person shall place at all times the interests of the Registrant and its shareholders first in conducting personal securities transactions. Accordingly, personal securities transactions by Access Persons of the Registrant must be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and so as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an Access Person’s position of trust and responsibility. Further, Access Persons should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions with or relationship to the Registrant.

Without limiting in any manner the fiduciary duty owed by Access Persons to the Registrants or the provisions of this Code, it should be noted that each

 

- 5 -


Registrant considers it proper that purchases and sales be made by its Access Persons in the marketplace of securities owned by the Registrant; provided, however, that such personal securities transactions comply with the spirit of, and the specific restrictions and limitations set forth in, this Code. In making personal investment decisions with respect to any security, however, extreme care must be exercised by Access Persons to ensure that the prohibitions of this Code are not violated. It bears emphasis that technical compliance with the procedures, prohibitions and limitations of this Code will not automatically insulate from scrutiny personal securities transactions which show a pattern of abuse by an Access Person of his or her fiduciary duty to the Registrant.

 

  C. Exempted Transactions .

The Statement of Policy set forth above shall be deemed not to be violated by and the prohibitions of Section III-A or IV-A of this Code shall not apply to:

 

  (1) Purchases or sales of securities effected for, or held in, any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control;

 

  (2) Purchases or sales of securities which are not eligible for purchase or sale by the Registrant;

 

  (3) Purchases or sales of securities which are non-volitional on the part of either the Access Person or the Registrant;

 

  (4) Purchases or sales of securities which are part of an Automatic Investment Plan provided that no adjustment is made by the Access Person to the rate at which securities are purchased or sold, as the case may be, under such a plan during any period in which the security is being considered for purchase or sale by the Registrant;

 

  (5) Purchases of securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired;

 

  (6) Tenders of securities pursuant to tender offers which are expressly conditioned on the tender offer’s acquisition of all of the securities of the same class;

 

  (7) Purchases or sales of publicly-traded shares of companies that have a market capitalization in excess of $5 billion;

 

- 6 -


  (8) Chief Investment Officer (“CIO”) signature approved de minimis per day purchases or sales ($50,000 or less) of publicly traded shares of companies that have a 10-day average daily trading volume of at least $1 million, subject to the following additional parameters:

 

  (a) Access Persons must submit a current (same day) printout of a Yahoo Finance, Bridge or Bloomberg (or similar service) screen with the minimum 10-day average daily trading volume information indicated;

 

  (b) No Access Person (together with related accounts) may own more than  1 2 of 1% of the outstanding securities of an issuer;

 

  (c) Multiple trades of up to $50,000 on different days are permitted so long as each day the trade is approved; and

 

  (d) A security purchased pursuant to this exemption must be held for a minimum of 360 days prior to sale unless it appears on the Adviser’s “$5 billion” Self Pre-Clearance Securities List or normal pre-clearance pursuant to Article VI of the Adviser’s Code of Ethics is obtained, in which case the security must be held for at least 30 days prior to sale.

 

  (9) Purchases or sales of securities with respect to which neither an Access Person, nor any member of his or her immediate family as defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act, has any direct or indirect influence, control or prior knowledge, which purchases or sales are effected for, or held in, a “blind account.” For this purpose, a “blind account” is an account over which an investment adviser exercises full investment discretion (subject to account guidelines) and does not consult with or seek the approval of the Access Person, or any member of his or her immediate family, with respect to such purchases and sales.

 

  (10) Other purchases or sales which only remotely potentially impact the interest of the Registrant because the securities transaction involves a small number of shares of an issuer with a large market capitalization and high average daily trading volume or would otherwise be very unlikely to affect a highly institutional market; and

 

  (11) Purchases or sales of securities previously approved by an individual appointed from time to time by the President for this purpose, which approval shall be confirmed in writing and shall be based upon a determination that such transaction did not violate the purpose or spirit of this Code.

 

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III. RULES APPLICABLE TO DISINTERESTED TRUSTEES

 

  A. Prohibited Purchases and Sales . While the scope of actions which may violate the Statement of Policy set forth in Section II-B cannot be exactly defined, such actions would always include at least the following prohibited activities. No Disinterested Trustee shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership if such trustee, at the time of the transaction, knows or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his official duties as a trustee of a Registrant, should known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the contemplated transaction by the trustee:

 

  (1) the Covered Security is being considered for purchase or sale by the Registrant; or

 

  (2) the Covered Security is being purchased or sold by the Registrant.

 

  B. Reporting

 

  (1) Every Disinterested Trustee shall file with the Review Officer or his or her designee a report containing the information described below in Section III-B(2) of this Code with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which such Disinterested Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires or disposes of, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section II-C applies; provided , however , that a Disinterested Trustee shall not be required to file a report: (a) unless such Trustee, at the time of the transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his official duties as a trustee of the Registrant, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee: (i) such Covered Security is or was purchased or sold by the Registrant; or (ii) such Covered Security was being considered for purchase or sale by the Registrant or an Adviser for a portfolio of the Registrant; or (b) with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any Disinterested Trustee may, at his option, report the information described in Section III-B(2) with respect to any one or more transactions in any Covered Security in which such person has, or by reason of the transaction acquires or disposes of, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership.

 

- 8 -


  (2) Quarterly Transaction and New Account Reports . Every report shall be made not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report related was effected, and shall contain the following information:

 

  (a) The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the class and number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

 

  (b) The nature of the transaction ( i.e. , purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

 

  (c) The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

 

  (d) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected;

 

  (e) The date that the report is submitted; and

 

  (f) With respect to any account established by a Disinterested Trustee in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Disinterested Trustee:

 

  (i) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Disinterested Trustee established the account;

 

  (ii) The date the account was established; and

 

  (iii) The date that the report was submitted by the Disinterested Trustee.

 

  (3) Every report concerning a purchase or sale prohibited under Section III-A hereof with respect to which the reporting person relies upon one of the exemptions provided in Section II-C shall contain a brief statement of the exemption relied upon and the circumstances of the transaction.

 

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  (4) Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that (a) he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates (a “Subject Security”) or (b) he or she knew or should have known that, within the 15-day time period described in Section III-B(1) above, a Subject Security was being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by the Registrant.

 

IV. RULES APPLICABLE TO INTERESTED TRUSTEES WHO ARE NOT ACCESS PERSONS OF THE ADVISERS

 

  A. Prohibited Purchases and Sales .

While the scope of actions which may violate the Statement of Policy set forth in Section II-B cannot be exactly defined, such actions would always include at least the following prohibited activities.

 

  (1) No interested trustee who is not an Access Person of the Adviser (“Section IV Reporting Person”) shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and which to his or her actual knowledge at the time of such purchase or sale the Covered Security:

 

  (a) is being considered for purchase or sale by an investment company; or

 

  (b) is being purchased or sold by an investment company.

 

  (2) No Section IV Reporting Person shall reveal to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of an investment company) any information regarding securities transactions by an investment company or consideration by an investment company or the Adviser of any such securities transaction.

 

  (3) No Section IV Reporting Person shall engage in, or permit anyone within his or her control to engage in, any act, practice or course of conduct which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon, or constitute a manipulative practice with respect to, an investment company or any issuer of any Covered Security owned by an investment company.

 

- 10 -


  B. Reporting .

 

  (1) Every Section IV Reporting Person shall report to the Review Officer the information (a) described in Section IV-B(3) of this Code with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which such Section IV Reporting Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires or disposes of, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security or (b) described in Section IV-B(4) and IV-B(5) of the Code with respect to securities holdings beneficially owned by each Section IV Reporting Person.

 

  (2) Notwithstanding Section IV-B(1) of this Code, Section IV Reporting Persons need not make a quarterly transaction report where the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements received by a Registrant or an Adviser in the time period prescribed in Section IV-B(3).

 

  (3) Quarterly Transaction Reports. Unless quarterly transaction reports are deemed to have been made under Section IV-B(2) of this Code, every quarterly transaction report shall be made not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

 

  (a) The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the class and number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

 

  (b) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

 

  (c) The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

 

  (d) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected;

 

  (e) The date that the report was submitted by a Section IV Reporting Person; and

 

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  (f) With respect to any account established by the Section IV Reporting Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Section IV Reporting Person:

 

  (i) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Section IV Reporting Person established the account;

 

  (ii) The date the account was established; and

 

  (iii) The date that the report was submitted by the Section IV Reporting Person.

 

  (4) Initial Holdings Reports. No later than 10 days after becoming a Section IV Reporting Person, each Section IV Reporting Person must submit a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before becoming a Section IV Reporting Person):

 

  (a) The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Section IV Reporting Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became a Section IV Reporting Person;

 

  (b) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Section IV Reporting Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Section IV Reporting Person as of the date the person became a Section IV Reporting Person; and

 

  (c) The date that the report is submitted by the Section IV Reporting Person.

 

  (5) Annual Holdings Reports. Between January 1 st and January 30 th of each calendar year, every Section IV Reporting Person shall submit the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted):

 

  (a) The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Section IV Reporting Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

 

  (b) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Section IV Reporting Person maintains an account in which any Covered Securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Section IV Reporting Person; and

 

- 12 -


  (c) The date that the report is submitted by the Section IV Reporting Person.

 

  (6) These reporting requirements shall apply whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section II-C applies except that an Section IV Reporting Person shall not be required to make a report with respect to securities transactions effected for, and any Covered Securities held in, any account over which such Section IV Reporting Person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control. Every report concerning a securities transaction with respect to which the reporting person relies upon one of the exemptions provided in Section II-C shall contain a brief statement of the exemption relied upon and the circumstances of the transaction.

 

  (7) Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that (a) he or she has or had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates (a “Subject Security”) or (b) he or she knew or should have known that the Subject Security was being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by an investment company on the same day.

 

V. MISCELLANEOUS

 

  A. Approval of Code of Ethics and Amendments to the Code of Ethics . The board of trustees, including a majority of the Disinterested Trustees, shall approve this Code of Ethics, and any material amendments to this Code of Ethics. Such approval must be based on a determination that the Code of Ethics contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons of each Registrant from engaging in any conduct prohibited under this Code of Ethics and under Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act.

 

  B. Annual Certification of Compliance . Each Access Person shall certify to the Review Officer annually on the form annexed hereto as Form A that he or she (i) has read and understands this Code of Ethics and any procedures that are adopted by the Registrants related to this Code and recognizes that he or she is subject thereto, (ii) has complied with the requirements of this Code of Ethics and such procedures and (iii) has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions and beneficial holdings in Covered Securities required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code of Ethics and any related procedures.

 

- 13 -


  C. Review of Reports .

 

  (1) The Review Officer or his or her designee shall compare the reported personal securities transactions of each Access Person with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Registrants to determine whether any transactions that violate this Code may have occurred (a “Reviewable Transaction”). In the case of reports of personal securities transactions of the Review Officer, the Alternative Review Officer shall perform such comparison. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any Access Person, the Review Officer (or Alternative Review Officer, as the case may be) shall provide such Access Person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material for the purposes of demonstrating that such transactions did not violate this Code.

 

  (2) With respect to Disinterested Trustees, if the Review Officer determines that a Reviewable Transaction may have occurred, he or she shall submit the report and pertinent information concerning completed or contemplated portfolio transactions of the Registrant to counsel for the Disinterested Trustees. Such counsel shall determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred, taking into account all the exemptions provided under Section II-C. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by a Disinterested Trustee, such counsel shall give the Disinterested Trustee an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

 

  (3) With respect to Access Persons who are not Disinterested Trustees, if the Review Officer determines that a Reviewable Transaction may have occurred, he or she shall submit his written determination, together with the confidential quarterly report and any additional explanatory material provided by the Access Person, to the President of a Registrant (or any Vice President of the Registrant if the actions of the President are at issue), who shall make an independent determination of whether a violation of this Code has occurred.

 

  D. Board Reports . On an annual basis, the Review Officer shall prepare for the board of trustees and the board of trustees shall consider:

 

  (1) A report which describes any issues arising under this Code or any related procedures adopted by the Registrants, including without limitation information about material violations of the Code or any related procedures and sanctions imposed in response to material violations. An Alternative Review Officer shall prepare reports with respect to compliance by the Review Officer.

 

- 14 -


  (2) A report identifying any recommended changes to existing restrictions or procedures based upon the Registrant’s experience under this Code, evolving industry practices and developments in applicable laws or regulations; and

 

  (3) A report certifying to the board of trustees that the Registrant has adopted procedures that are reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code of Ethics.

 

  E. Sanctions .

 

  (1) With respect to Disinterested Trustees, if counsel for the Disinterested Trustees determines that a violation of the Code has occurred, counsel shall so advise the President of the Registrant and a committee consisting of the Disinterested Trustees, other than the Disinterested Trustee whose transaction is under consideration, and shall provide the committee with the report, the record of pertinent actual or contemplated portfolio transactions of the Registrant and any additional material supplied by such Disinterested Trustee. The committee, at its option, shall either impose such sanction(s) as it deems appropriate or refer the matter to the board of trustees, which shall impose such sanction(s) as are deemed appropriate.

 

  (2) With respect to Access Persons who are not Disinterested Trustees, if the President (or a Vice President, as the case may be) finds that a violation of this Code has occurred, he or she shall impose such sanctions as he or she deems appropriate and shall report the violation and the sanction(s) imposed to the Board of Trustees of the Registrant.

 

  (3) Sanctions for violation of this Code include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: removal or suspension from office, termination of employment, a letter of censure and/or restitution to the Registrant of an amount equal to the advantage that the offending person gained by reason of such violation. In addition, as part of any sanction, the Access Person may be required to reverse the trade(s) at issue and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss from the trade. It is noted that violations of this Code by an Access Person may also result in criminal prosecution or civil action.

 

- 15 -


  F. Amendments to Advisers’ Codes of Ethics . Any material amendment to the Code of Ethics of any of the Advisers shall be deemed an amendment to Section I-A of this Code and must be approved by the board of trustees no later than six months after the adoption of the material change. Before approving any material amendments to the Advisers’ Code of Ethics, the board must receive a certification from the Advisers that they have adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Advisers’ Code of Ethics.

 

  G. Records . Each Registrant shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Commission.

 

  (1) A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years in an easily accessible place;

 

  (2) A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

 

  (3) A copy of each initial holdings report, annual holdings report and quarterly transaction report made by an Access Person pursuant to this Code (including any information provided under Section IV-B(2)) shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

 

  (4) A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make initial holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

 

  (5) A list of all persons, currently or within the past five years who are or were responsible for reviewing initial holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

 

  (6) A copy of each report required by Section V-D of this Code must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it was made, the first two years in an easily accessible plan.

 

- 16 -


  H. Confidentiality . All reports of securities transactions, holdings reports and any other information filed with a Registrant pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, except that reports of securities transactions hereunder will be made available to the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization to the extent required by law or regulation or to the extent the Registrant considers necessary or advisable in cooperating with an investigation or inquiry by the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization.

 

  I. Interpretation of Provisions . The board of trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as it deems appropriate.

 

  J. Exceptions to the Code . Although exceptions to the Code will rarely, if ever, be granted, a designated officer of a Registrant, after consultation with the Review Officer, may make exceptions on a case by case basis, from any of the provisions of this Code upon a determination that the conduct at issue involves a negligible opportunity for abuse or otherwise merits an exception from the Code. All such exceptions must be received in writing by the person requesting the exception before becoming effective. The Review Officer shall report any exception to the board of trustees of the Registrant at the next regularly scheduled board meeting.

 

  K. Identification of Access Persons . The Review Officer shall identify all persons who are considered to be “Access Persons” and shall inform such persons of their respective duties and provide them with copies of this Code and any related procedures adopted by the Registrants.

Revision History

 

    August 14, 2014

 

    October 17, 2013

 

    April 16, 2013 (Initial Approval)

 

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Schedule A

Goldman Sachs Closed-End Funds

Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund

Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund

 

- 18 -

EX. 99.(r)(2)

GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL

GOLDMAN SACHS HEDGE FUND STRATEGIES LLC

GS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, LLC

CODE OF ETHICS

Effective Date: February 6, 2012

Revision History

 

I. DEFINITIONS

 

  A. “Access Person” with respect to Goldman, Sachs & Co. (“GS&Co.”), the principal underwriter of any Investment Company (as defined below), means any director, officer or general partner who, in the ordinary course of business, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by any Investment Company or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendation to the Investment Company regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities.

“Access Person” with respect to Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and GSAM related entities (“GSAM”) means any of their Supervised Persons (as defined below) who: (1) has access to (a) non-public information regarding any client’s purchase or sale of securities, or (b) non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund (as defined below) or (2) is involved in making securities recommendations to clients or who has access to such recommendations that are non-public. For these purposes, all GSAM directors, officers and partners are considered to be Access Persons. In addition, “Access Person” means (1) any employee of GSAM (and any director, officer, general partner or employee of any company in a control relationship to GSAM who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by an Investment Company, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (2) any natural person in a control relationship to the Adviser who obtains information concerning the recommendations made to an Investment Company with regard to the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by an Investment Company.

 

  B. “Adviser” means each GSAM so long as it serves as principal underwriter to any Investment Company, the Goldman Sachs Asset Management unit of GS&Co.


  C. “Automatic Investment Plan” means a program in which regular periodic purchases or withdrawals are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

  D. “Beneficial Ownership” of a security shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1 (a) (2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Securities Exchange Act”), in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

  E. “Board of Trustees” means the board of trustees, directors or managers, including a majority of the disinterested trustees/directors/managers, of any Investment Company for which an Adviser serves as an investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter.

 

  F. “Control” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). Section 2(a)(9) generally provides that “control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

 

  G. “Covered Security” means a security as defined in Section 202(a)(18) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Advisers Act”) or Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act, and open-end ETF shares and UIT ETF shares, except that it does not include: (1) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (2) banker’s acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments (any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that is in one of the two highest rating categories of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization), including repurchase agreements; (3) shares issued by money market funds registered under the Investment Company Act; (4) shares issued by open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act other than Reportable Funds; and (5) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act, none of which are Reportable Funds (6) qualified tuition programs established pursuant to Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (“529 Plans”), including interests in pre-paid tuition 529 plans and college savings 529 plans.

 

  H. “Exchange-traded fund (ETF)” means an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act as a unit investment trust (“UIT ETF”) or as an open-end investment company (“open-end ETF”) that is comprised of a basket of securities to replicate a securities index or subset of securities underlying an index. ETFs are traded on securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets intra-day at negotiated prices.

 

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  I. “Federal Securities Laws” means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act, the Investment Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to investment companies and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury.

 

  J. “Initial Public Offering” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act.

 

  K. “Investment Company” means a company registered as such under the Investment Company Act, or any series thereof, for which the Adviser is the investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter.

 

  L. “Investment Personnel” of the Adviser means (i) any employee of the Adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by an Investment Company or (ii) any natural person who controls the Adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to an Investment Company regarding the purchase or sale of securities by an Investment Company.

 

  M. A “Limited Offering” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505 or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

  N. “Purchase or sale of Covered Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security or any security that is exchangeable for or convertible into another Covered Security.

 

  O. “Reportable Fund” means any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act for which the Adviser serves as an investment adviser as defined in Section 2(a)(20) of the Investment Company Act or any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls the Adviser, is controlled by the Adviser or is under common control with the Adviser.

 

  P.

“Review Officer” means the officer of the Adviser designated from time to time by the Adviser to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by Access Persons. The term “Alternative Review Officer” means the officer of the Adviser designated from time to time by the Adviser to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by the Review Officer, and who shall act in all respects in the

 

3


  manner prescribed herein for the Review Officer. It is recognized that a different Review Officer and Alternative Review Officer may be designated with respect to each Adviser.

 

  Q. “Supervised Person” means any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employee of GSAM or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of GSAM and is subject to the supervision and control of GSAM.

 

  R. A security is “being considered for purchase or sale” when a recommendation to purchase or sell a security has been made and communicated and, with respect to the person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation. With respect to an analyst of the Adviser, the foregoing period shall commence on the day that he or she decides to recommend the purchase or sale of the security to the Adviser for an Investment Company.

 

  S. A security is “held or to be acquired” if within the most recent 15 days it (1) is or has been held by the Investment Company, or (2) is being or has been considered by the Adviser for purchase by the Investment Company, and (3) includes any option to purchase or sell and any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security described in (1) or (2).

 

II. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act provides, among other things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of the Adviser to engage in any act, practice or course of business in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such affiliated person of any security held or to be acquired by an Investment Company in contravention of such rules and regulations as the Commission may adopt to define and prescribe means reasonably necessary to prevent such acts, practices or courses of business as are fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative. Pursuant to Section 17(j), the Commission has adopted Rule 17j-1 which provides, among other things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of the Adviser in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a Covered Security held or to be acquired by an Investment Company:

 

  (1) To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud such Investment Company;

 

  (2) To make any untrue statement of a material fact to such Investment Company or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to such Investment Company, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

 

  (3) To engage in any act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any such Investment Company; or

 

4


  (4) To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such Investment Company.

Similarly, Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act provides that it is unlawful for any investment adviser, directly or indirectly:

 

  (1) To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any client or prospective client;

 

  (2) To engage in any transaction, practice or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or prospective client; or

 

  (3) To engage in any act, practice or course of business which is fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative.

In addition, Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act requires the Adviser to establish written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse in violation of the Investment Advisers Act or Securities Exchange Act or rules or regulations thereunder of material, non-public information by the Adviser or any person associated with the Adviser. Pursuant to Section 204A, the Commission has adopted Rule 204A-1 which requires the Adviser to maintain and enforce a written code of ethics.

 

III. STATEMENT OF POLICY

It is the policy of the Adviser that the Adviser and its Supervised Persons shall comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws and that no Supervised Person shall engage in any act, practice or course of conduct that would violate the provisions of Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act or Sections 204 and 206 of the Investment Advisers Act. No Supervised Person shall engage in, or permit anyone within his or her control to engage in, any act, practice or course of conduct which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon, or constitute a manipulative practice with respect to, an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients or an issuer of any security owned by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients. In addition, the fundamental position of the Adviser is, and has been, that each Access Person shall place at all times the interests of each Investment Company and its shareholders and all other investment advisory clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. Accordingly, private securities transactions by Access Persons of the Adviser must be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and so as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an Access Person’s position of trust and responsibility. Further, Access Persons should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions with, or relationship to, any Investment Company, any other investment advisory client, the Adviser or any affiliated company.

Without limiting in any manner the fiduciary duty owed by Access Persons to the Investment Companies under the provisions of this Code, it should be noted that purchases and sales may be made by Access Persons in the marketplace of securities owned by the Investment Companies; provided, however, that such securities transactions comply with the spirit of, and the

 

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specific restrictions and limitations set forth in, this Code. Such personal securities transactions should also be made in amounts consistent with the normal investment practice of the person involved and with an investment, rather than a trading, outlook. Not only does this policy encourage investment freedom and result in investment experience, but it also fosters a continuing personal interest in such investments by those responsible for the continuous supervision of the Investment Companies’ portfolios. It is also evidence of confidence in the investments made. In making personal investment decisions with respect to any security, however, extreme care must be exercised by Access Persons to ensure that the prohibitions of this Code are not violated. Further, personal investing by an Access Person should be conducted in such a manner so as to eliminate the possibility that the Access Person’s time and attention is being devoted to his or her personal investments at the expense of time and attention that should be devoted to management of an Investment Company’s or other investment advisory client’s portfolio. It bears emphasis that technical compliance with the procedures, prohibitions and limitations of this Code will not automatically insulate from scrutiny personal securities transactions which show a pattern of abuse by an Access Person of his or her fiduciary duty to any Investment Company or other investment advisory clients.

Every Supervised Person shall promptly report any violation of this Code of Ethics to the Adviser’s chief compliance officer and the Review Officer.

 

IV. EXEMPTED TRANSACTIONS

The Statement of Policy set forth above shall be deemed not to be violated by and the prohibitions of Section V.A(1) and (2) of this Code shall not apply to:

 

  A. Purchases or sales of securities effected for, or held in, any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control;

 

  B. Purchases or sales of securities which are not eligible for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients;

 

  C. Purchases or sales of securities which are non-volitional on the part of the Access Person, an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients;

 

  D. Purchases or sales of securities which are part of an Automatic Investment Plan provided that no adjustment is made by the Access Person to the rate at which securities are purchased or sold, as the case may be, under such a plan during any period in which the security is being considered for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients;

 

  E. Purchases of securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired;

 

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  F. Tenders of securities pursuant to tender offers which are expressly conditioned on the tender offer’s acquisition of all of the securities of the same class;

 

  G. Purchases or sales of publicly-traded shares of companies that have a market capitalization in excess of $5 billion;

 

  H. Chief Investment Officer (“CIO”) signature approved de minimis per day purchases or sales ($50,000 or less) of publicly traded shares of companies that have a 10-day average daily trading volume of at least $1 million, subject to the following additional parameters:

 

  (1) Access Persons must submit a current (same day) printout of a Yahoo Finance, Bridge or Bloomberg (or similar service) screen with the minimum 10-day average daily trading volume information indicated;

 

  (2) No Access Person (together with related accounts) may own more than  1 2 of 1% of the outstanding securities of an issuer;

 

  (3) Multiple trades of up to $50,000 on different days are permitted so long as each day the trade is approved; and

 

  (4) A security purchased pursuant to this exemption must be held for a minimum of 360 days prior to sale unless it appears on the Adviser’s “$5 billion” Self Pre-Clearance Securities List or normal pre-clearance pursuant to Section VII of this Code is obtained, in which case the security must be held for at least 30 days prior to sale.

 

  I. Purchases or sales of securities with respect to which neither an Access Person, nor any member of his or her immediate family as defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act, has any direct or indirect influence, control or prior knowledge, which purchases or sales are effected for, or held in, a “blind account.” For this purpose, a “blind account” is an account over which an investment adviser exercises full investment discretion (subject to account guidelines) and does not consult with or seek the approval of the Access Person, or any member of his or her immediate family, with respect to such purchases and sales; and

 

  J. Other purchases or sales which, due to factors determined by the Adviser, only remotely potentially impact the interests of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients because the securities transaction involves a small number of shares of an issuer with a large market capitalization and high average daily trading volume or would otherwise be very unlikely to affect a highly institutional market.

 

  K. Transactions within a 529 Plan

 

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V. PROHIBITED PURCHASES AND SALES

 

  A. While the scope of actions which may violate the Statement of Policy set forth above cannot be exactly defined, such actions would always include at least the following prohibited activities:

 

  (1) No Access Person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and which to his or her actual knowledge at the time of such purchase or sale the Covered Security:

 

  (i) is being considered for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients; or

 

  (ii) is being purchased or sold by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients.

 

  (2) No Access Person shall enter an order for the purchase or sale of a Covered Security which an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients is purchasing or selling or considering for purchase or sale until the later of (i) the day after the Investment Company’s or other investment advisory clients’ transaction in that Covered Security is completed or (ii) such time as the Investment Company or other investment advisory clients is no longer considering the security for purchase or sale, unless the Review Officer determines that it is clear that, in view of the nature of the Covered Security and the market for such Covered Security, the order of the Access Person will not adversely affect the price paid or received by the Investment Company or other investment advisory clients. Any securities transactions by an Access Person in violation of this Subsection 2 must be unwound, if possible, and the profits, if any, will be subject to disgorgement based on the assessment of the appropriate remedy as determined by the Adviser.

The preceding restrictions of this Section V.A(2) are not applicable to particular Access Persons with respect to transactions by Investment Companies or other advisory clients whose trading and holdings information is unavailable to such Access Persons due to the presence of an information barrier. Access Persons in GSIS and the Private Equity Group of GSAM for example, are generally “walled off” from non-public trading and holdings information of the Goldman Sachs Mutual Funds and other advisory clients. As a result, these Access Persons would not be subject to the restrictions of Section V.A(2) with respect to those particular client accounts.

 

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  (3) No Access Person shall, in the absence of prior approval by the Review Officer, sell any Covered Security that was purchased, or purchase a Covered Security that was sold, within the prior 30 calendar days (measured on a last-in first-out basis).

 

  B. In addition to the foregoing, the following provisions will apply to Access Persons of the Adviser:

 

  (1) No Access Person shall reveal to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients) any information regarding securities transactions by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients or consideration by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients or the Adviser of any such securities transaction.

 

  (2) Access Persons must, as a regulatory requirement and as a requirement of this Code, obtain prior approval before directly or indirectly acquiring beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering. In addition, Access Persons must comply with any additional restrictions or prohibitions that may be adopted by the Adviser from time to time.

 

  C. In addition to the foregoing, the following provision will apply to Investment Personnel of the Adviser:

 

  (1) No Investment Personnel shall serve on the board of directors of any publicly traded company, absent prior written authorization and determination by the Review Officer that the board service would be consistent with the interests of the Investment Companies and their shareholders or other investment advisory clients. Such interested Investment Personnel may not participate in the decision for any Investment Company or other investment advisory clients to purchase and sell securities of such company.

 

VI. BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS

Access Persons are required to direct their brokers to supply for the Review Officer on a timely basis duplicate copies of confirmations of all securities transactions in which the Access Person has a beneficial ownership interest and related periodic statements, whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section IV applies. If an Access Person is unable to arrange for duplicate copies of confirmations and periodic account statements to be sent to the Review Officer, he or she must immediately notify the Review Officer.

 

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VII. PRECLEARANCE PROCEDURE

With such exceptions and conditions as the Adviser deems to be appropriate from time to time and consistent with the purposes of this Code (for example, exceptions based on an issuer’s market capitalization, the amount of public trading activity in a security, the size of a particular transaction or other factors), prior to effecting any securities transactions in which an Access Person has a beneficial ownership interest, the Access Person must receive approval by the Adviser. Any approval is valid only for such number of day(s) as may be determined from time to time by the Adviser. If an Access Person is unable to effect the securities transaction during such period, he or she must re-obtain approval prior to effecting the securities transaction.

The Adviser will decide whether to approve a personal securities transaction for an Access Person after considering the specific restrictions and limitations set forth in, and the spirit of, this Code of Ethics, including whether the security at issue is being considered for purchase or sale for an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients (taking into account the Access Person’s access to information regarding the transactions and holdings of such Investment Company or other investment advisory client). The Adviser is not required to give any explanation for refusing to approve a securities transaction.

VIII.  REPORTING

 

  A. Every Access Person shall report to the Review Officer the information: (1) described in Section VIII-C of this Code with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which such Access Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires or disposes of, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security, and (2) described in Sections VIII-D or VIII-E of this Code with respect to securities holdings beneficially owned by the Access Person.

 

  B. Notwithstanding Section VIII-A of this Code, an Access Person need not make a report to the extent the information in the report would duplicate information recorded pursuant to Rule 204-2(a)(13) under the Investment Advisers Act or if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements so long as the Adviser receives confirmations or statements no later than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter. The quarterly transaction reports required under Section VIII-A(1) shall be deemed made with respect to (1) any account where the Access Person has made provision for transmittal of all daily trading information regarding the account to be delivered to the designated Review Officer for his or her review or (2) any account maintained with the Adviser or an affiliate. With respect to Investment Companies for which the Adviser does not act as investment adviser or sub-adviser, reports required to be furnished by officers and trustees or managers of such Investment Companies who are Access Persons of the Adviser must be made under Section VIII-C of this Code and furnished to the designated review officer of the relevant investment adviser.

 

  C.

Quarterly Transaction and New Account Reports. Unless quarterly transaction reports are deemed to have been made under Section VIII-B of this Code, every

 

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  quarterly transaction report shall be made not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

 

  (1) The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date, class and the number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

 

  (2) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

 

  (3) The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

 

  (4) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected;

 

  (5) The date that the report was submitted by the Access Person; and

 

  (6) With respect to any account established by an Access Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person:

 

  (a) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account;

 

  (b) The date the account was established; and

 

  (c) The date that the report was submitted by the Access Person.

 

  D. Initial Holdings Reports. No later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person, each Access Person must submit a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person):

 

  (1) The title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

 

  (2) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

 

  (3) The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

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  E. Annual Holdings Reports. On an annual basis, every Access Person shall submit the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted):

 

  (1) The title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

 

  (2) The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities) are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

 

  (3) The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

 

  F. These reporting requirements shall apply whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section IV applies except that: (1) an Access Person shall not be required to make a report with respect to securities transactions effected for, and any Covered Securities held in, any account over which such Access Person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control; and (2) an Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report with respect to the transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan or a 529 Plan.

 

  G. Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that (1) he or she has or had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates (a “Subject Security”) or (2) he or she knew or should have known that the Subject Security was being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients on the same day.

 

IX. APPROVAL OF CODE OF ETHICS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE OF ETHICS

The Board of Trustees of each Investment Company shall approve this Code of Ethics. Any material amendments to this Code of Ethics must be approved by the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company no later than six months after the adoption of the material change. Before their approval of this Code of Ethics and any material amendments hereto, the Adviser shall provide a certification to the Board of Trustees of each such Investment Company that the Adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code of Ethics.

 

X. ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE

Each Supervised Person shall certify to the Review Officer annually on the form annexed hereto as Form A that he or she (A) has read and understands this Code of Ethics and any procedures that are adopted by the Adviser relating to this Code, and recognizes that he or she is

 

12


subject thereto; (B) has complied with the requirements of this Code of Ethics and such procedures; and (C) if an Access Person, has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions and beneficial holdings in Covered Securities required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code of Ethics and any related procedures.

 

XI. CONFIDENTIALITY

All reports of securities transactions, holding reports and any other information filed with the Adviser pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, except that reports of securities transactions and holdings reports hereunder will be made available to the Investment Companies and to the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization to the extent required by law or regulation or to the extent the Adviser considers necessary or advisable in cooperating with an investigation or inquiry by the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization.

 

XII. REVIEW OF REPORTS

 

  A. The Review Officer shall be responsible for the review of the quarterly transaction reports required under VIII-C, and the initial and annual holdings reports required under Sections VIII-D and VIII-E, respectively, of this Code of Ethics. In connection with the review of these reports, the Review Officer or the Alternative Review Officer shall take appropriate measures to determine whether each reporting person has complied with the provisions of this Code of Ethics and any related procedures adopted by the Adviser. Any violations of the Code of Ethics shall be reported promptly to the Adviser’s chief compliance officer by the Review Officer, or Alternate Review Officer, as applicable.

 

  B. On an annual basis, the Review Officer shall prepare for the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company and the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company shall consider:

 

  (1) A report which describes any issues arising under this Code or any related procedures adopted by the Adviser including without limitation information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations. An Alternative Review Officer shall prepare reports with respect to compliance by the Review Officer;

 

  (2) A report identifying any recommended changes to existing restrictions or procedures based upon the Adviser’s experience under this Code, evolving industry practices and developments in applicable laws or regulations; and

 

  (3) A report certifying to the Board of Trustees that the Adviser has adopted procedures that are reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code of Ethics.

 

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XIII.  SANCTIONS

Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Adviser may impose such sanction(s) as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, a letter of censure, suspension or termination of the employment of the violator and/or restitution to the affected Investment Company or other investment advisory client of an amount equal to the advantage that the offending person gained by reason of such violation. In addition, as part of any sanction, the Adviser may require the Access Person or other individual involved to reverse the trade(s) at issue and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss from the trade. It is noted that violations of this Code may also result in criminal prosecution or civil action. All material violations of this Code and any sanctions imposed with respect thereto shall be reported periodically to the Board of Trustees of the Investment Company with respect to whose securities the violation occurred.

XIV.  INTERPRETATION OF PROVISIONS

The Adviser may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as it deems appropriate.

 

XV. IDENTIFICATION OF ACCESS PERSONS AND INVESTMENT PERSONNEL; ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION TO SUPERVISED PERSONS

The Adviser shall identify all persons who are considered to be Access Persons and Investment Personnel, and shall inform such persons of their respective duties and provide them with copies of this Code and any related procedures or amendments to this Code adopted by the Adviser. In addition, all Supervised Persons shall be provided with a copy of this Code and all amendments. All Supervised Persons (including Access Persons) shall provide the Review Officer with a written acknowledgment of their receipt of the Code and any amendments.

XVI.  EXCEPTIONS TO THE CODE

Although exceptions to the Code will rarely, if ever, be granted, a designated Officer of the Adviser, after consultation with the Review Officer, may make exceptions on a case by case basis, from any of the provisions of this Code upon a determination that the conduct at issue involves a negligible opportunity for abuse or otherwise merits an exception from the Code. All such exceptions must be received in writing by the person requesting the exception before becoming effective. The Review Officer shall report any exception to the Board of Trustees of the Investment Company with respect to which the exception applies at its next regularly scheduled Board meeting.

XVII.  RECORDS

The Adviser shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained using micrographic or electronic storage medium under the conditions described in Rule 204-2(g) of the Investment Advisers Act and Rule 31a-2(f)(1) and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act, and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Commission.

 

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  A. A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years in an easily accessible place;

 

  B. A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

 

  C. A copy of each initial holdings report, annual holdings report and quarterly transaction report made by an Access Person pursuant to this Code (including any brokerage confirmation or account statements provided in lieu of the reports) shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

 

  D. A record of the names of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make initial holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

 

  E. A record of all written acknowledgements for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, required to acknowledge their receipt of this Code and any amendments thereto. All acknowledgements for a person must be kept for the period such person is a Supervised Person of the Adviser and until five years after the person ceases to be a Supervised Person of the Adviser.

 

  F. A record of the names of all persons, currently or within the past five years who are or were responsible for reviewing initial holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

 

  G. A record of any decision and the reason supporting the decision to approve the acquisition by Access Person of Initial Public Offerings and Limited Offerings shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted; and

 

  H. A copy of each report required by Section XII-B of this Code shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it was made, the first two years in an easily accessible place.

 

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XVIII.  SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND REVIEW PROCEDURES

The Adviser may establish, in its discretion, supplemental compliance and review procedures (the “Procedures”) that are in addition to those set forth in this Code in order to provide additional assurance that the purposes of this Code are fulfilled and/or assist the Adviser in the administration of this Code. The Procedures may be more, but shall not be less, restrictive than the provisions of this Code. The Procedures, and any amendments thereto, do not require the approval of the Board of Trustees of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients.

Revision History

    February 6, 2012
    November 17, 2010
    January 15, 2010
    May 12, 2009
    January 23, 2007
    June 15, 2006
    February 23, 2005 (first web posting)
    January 23, 1991 (original date)

 

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EX.99.(s)

GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

Power of Attorney

Know All Men By These Presents, that the undersigned, Ashok N. Bakhru, hereby constitutes and appoints James A. McNamara, Caroline Kraus, Andrew Murphy, Robert Griffith, Matthew Wolfe and Francesca Mead, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and any and all amendments to such Registration Statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Dated: August 14, 2014

/s/ Ashok N. Bakhru

Ashok N. Bakhru


GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

Power of Attorney

Know All Men By These Presents, that the undersigned, John P. Coblentz, Jr., hereby constitutes and appoints James A. McNamara, Caroline Kraus, Andrew Murphy, Robert Griffith, Matthew Wolfe and Francesca Mead, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and any and all amendments to such Registration Statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Dated: August 14, 2014

/s/ John P. Coblentz, Jr.

John P. Coblentz, Jr.


GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

Power of Attorney

Know All Men By These Presents, that the undersigned, Richard P. Strubel, hereby constitutes and appoints James A. McNamara, Caroline Kraus, Andrew Murphy, Robert Griffith, Matthew Wolfe and Francesca Mead, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and any and all amendments to such Registration Statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Dated: August 14, 2014

/s/ Richard P. Strubel

Richard P. Strubel


GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

Power of Attorney

Know All Men By These Presents, that the undersigned, James A. McNamara, hereby constitutes and appoints Caroline Kraus, Andrew Murphy, Robert Griffith, Matthew Wolfe and Francesca Mead, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and any and all amendments to such Registration Statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Dated: August 14, 2014

/s/ James A. McNamara

James A. McNamara


GOLDMAN SACHS MLP AND ENERGY RENAISSANCE FUND

Power of Attorney

Know All Men By These Presents, that the undersigned, Scott McHugh, hereby constitutes and appoints James A. McNamara, Caroline Kraus, Andrew Murphy, Robert Griffith, Matthew Wolfe and Francesca Mead, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 of Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund and any and all amendments to such Registration Statement, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Dated: August 14, 2014

/s/ Scott McHugh

Scott McHugh