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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-36853

 

 

ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Washington   47-1645716
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification Number)

 

1301 Second Avenue, Floor 31, Seattle, Washington   98101
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(206) 470-7000

https://twitter.com/zillowgroup

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   x    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x

As of May 4, 2015, 52,486,754 shares of Class A common stock and 6,217,447 shares of Class B common stock were outstanding.

 

 

 


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ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page  
   PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION   
Item 1.    Financial Statements (unaudited)      2   
   Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets      2   
   Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations      3   
   Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss      4   
   Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows      5   
   Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements      6   
Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations      31   
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk      49   
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures      50   
   PART II – OTHER INFORMATION   
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings      51   
Item 1A.    Risk Factors      53   
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds      66   
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures      66   
Item 6.    Exhibits      67   
   Signatures      71   

 

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As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Zillow Group,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Zillow Group, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise.

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including Part I, Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), contains forward-looking statements based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and generally may be identified by terms such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including but not limited to our ability to successfully integrate and realize the benefits of our past or future strategic acquisitions or investments, including our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Inc., as well as those risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, except as required by law, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

Our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available on our website at www.zillowgroup.com, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after the electronic filing of these reports with the SEC. The information contained on our website is not a part of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Investors and others should note that Zillow Group announces material financial information to its investors using its investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Zillow Group intends to also use the following channels as a means of disclosing information about Zillow Group, its services and other matters and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD:

 

    Zillow Group Investor Relations Webpage (http://investors.zillowgroup.com)

 

    Zillow Group Investor Relations Blog (http://www.zillowgroup.com/ir-blog)

 

    Zillow Group Twitter Account (https://twitter.com/zillowgroup)

The information Zillow Group posts through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following Zillow Group’s press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. This list may be updated from time to time. The information we post through these channels is not a part of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

 

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data, unaudited)

 

     March 31,
2015
    December 31,
2014
 

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 307,852      $ 125,765   

Short-term investments

     320,581        246,829   

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,988 and $2,811 at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively

     31,267        18,684   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     25,035        10,059   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

  684,735      401,337   

Restricted cash

  6,800      —     

Long-term investments

  —        83,326   

Property and equipment, net

  72,936      41,600   

Goodwill

  1,833,427      96,352   

Intangible assets, net

  569,125      26,757   

Other assets

  1,171      358   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

$ 3,168,194    $ 649,730   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

$ 13,661    $ 9,358   

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

  52,468      16,883   

Accrued compensation and benefits

  16,786      6,735   

Accrued restructuring costs

  7,369      —     

Deferred revenue

  23,768      15,356   

Deferred rent, current portion

  968      864   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  115,020      49,196   

Deferred rent, net of current portion

  11,774      11,755   

Long-term debt

  230,000      —     

Deferred tax liabilities and other long-term liabilities

  143,430      —     

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)

Shareholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

  —        —     

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,245,000,000 and 600,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively; 52,248,931 and 34,578,393 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015

  5      3   

Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014; 6,217,447 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively

  1      1   

Class C capital stock, $0.0001 par value; 600,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2015 and no shares authorized as of December 31, 2014; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

  —        —     

Additional paid-in capital

  2,853,941      716,506   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

  138      —     

Accumulated deficit

  (186,115   (127,731
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

  2,667,970      588,779   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$ 3,168,194    $ 649,730   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data, unaudited)

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  

Revenue

   $ 127,273      $ 66,243   

Costs and expenses:

    

Cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization) (1)

     13,019        6,164   

Sales and marketing

     59,286        35,133   

Technology and development

     37,325        16,735   

General and administrative

     38,024        14,689   

Acquisition-related costs

     12,477        —     

Restructuring costs

     25,065        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

  185,196      72,721   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

  (57,923   (6,478

Other income

  269      219   

Interest expense

  (730   —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

$ (58,384 $ (6,259
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share — basic and diluted

$ (1.19 $ (0.16

Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic and diluted

  49,130      39,322   

 

(1)    Amortization of website development costs and intangible assets included in technology and development

$ 11,782    $ 6,784   

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, unaudited)

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  

Net loss

   $ (58,384   $ (6,259

Other comprehensive income:

    

Unrealized gains on investments

     149        —     

Reclassification adjustment for net investment gains included in net loss

     (10     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net unrealized gains on investments

  139      —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income

  139      —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

$ (58,245 $ (6,259
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands, unaudited)

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  

Operating activities

    

Net loss

   $ (58,384   $ (6,259

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     14,028        8,074   

Share-based compensation expense

     23,007        7,132   

Restructuring costs

     21,702        —     

Loss on disposal of property and equipment

     87        235   

Bad debt expense

     805        635   

Deferred rent

     381        697   

Amortization of bond premium

     849        812   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable

     (296     (260

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     5,477        (1,920

Accounts payable

     (763     1,679   

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     (7,652     2,468   

Accrued compensation and benefits

     1,727        1,070   

Deferred revenue

     112        (158

Other long-term liabilities

     375        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

  1,455      14,205   

Investing activities

Proceeds from maturities of investments

  63,780      44,539   

Purchases of investments

  (59,896   (103,094

Proceeds from sales of investments

  4,979      —     

Increase in restricted cash

  147      —     

Purchases of property and equipment

  (10,321   (7,872

Purchases of intangible assets

  (284   (1,147

Cash acquired in acquisition, net

  173,406      —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

  171,811      (67,574

Financing activities

Proceeds from exercise of Class A Common stock options

  9,124      5,263   

Value of equity awards withheld for tax liability

  (303   —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

  8,821      5,263   

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during period

  182,087      (48,106

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

  125,765      201,760   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$ 307,852    $ 153,654   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

Noncash transactions:

Value of Class A common stock issued in connection with an acquisition

$ 1,883,728    $ —     

Capitalized share-based compensation

$ 2,424    $ 1,586   

Write-off of fully depreciated property and equipment

$ 11,759    $ 1,498   

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

 

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Zillow Group, Inc. operates the leading real estate and home-related information marketplaces on mobile and the Web, with a complementary portfolio of brands and products to help people find vital information about homes and connect with local professionals. Zillow Group’s brands focus on all stages of the home lifecycle: renting, buying, selling, financing and home improvement. The Zillow Group portfolio of consumer brands includes real estate and rental marketplaces Zillow, Trulia, StreetEasy and HotPads. In addition, Zillow Group works with tens of thousands of real estate agents, lenders and rental professionals, helping maximize business opportunities and connect to millions of consumers. We also own and operate a number of brands for real estate, rental and mortgage professionals, including Postlets, Mortech, Diverse Solutions, Market Leader and Retsly.

Acquisition of Trulia, Inc.

Effective February 17, 2015, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of July 28, 2014 (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among Zillow, Inc. (“Zillow”), Zillow Group, and Trulia, Inc. (“Trulia”), following the consummation of the mergers contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Mergers”), each of Zillow and Trulia became wholly owned subsidiaries of Zillow Group. Upon completion of the Mergers, each share of Class A common stock of Zillow (other than shares held by Zillow as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Trulia, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Class A common stock of Zillow Group, each share of Class B common stock of Zillow (other than shares held by Zillow as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Trulia, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Class B common stock of Zillow Group, and each share of Trulia common stock (other than shares held by Trulia as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Zillow, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive 0.444 of a share of fully paid and nonassessable Class A Common Stock of Zillow Group.

In addition, subject to certain exceptions, each Trulia stock option, restricted stock unit and stock appreciation right outstanding upon the consummation of the Mergers, whether or not vested and exercisable, was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into a corresponding equity award to purchase, acquire shares of, or participate in the appreciation in price of Zillow Group Class A Common Stock. The terms of each assumed equity award are the same except that the number of shares subject to each equity award and the per share exercise price, if any, were adjusted based on the exchange ratio of 0.444 per a formula set forth in the Merger Agreement. Generally, each Zillow stock option and restricted stock unit outstanding upon the consummation of the Mergers, whether or not vested or exercisable, was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into a corresponding equity award to purchase or acquire shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock. The terms of each assumed equity award are the same. Any unvested shares of Zillow Class A common stock subject to a repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition as of the consummation of the Mergers were exchanged for shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock that are also unvested and subject to the same repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition. Each Zillow restricted unit outstanding as of the consummation of the Mergers was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into the right to receive Zillow Group Class A common stock, subject to the same terms as the original restricted unit.

The total purchase price of Trulia was approximately $2.0 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, Zillow Group incurred a total of $12.5 million in acquisition-related costs related to the transaction, which includes $9.1 million of investment banking fees. We have included Trulia’s results of operations prospectively after February 17, 2015, the date of acquisition. Further details on the acquisition of Trulia are presented in Note 6 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

On February 17, 2015, in connection with the Mergers, Zillow Group undertook a restructuring plan that will result in a total workforce reduction of nearly 350 employees, primarily to eliminate overlapping positions in the sales and marketing functions related to Trulia’s workforce at its Bellevue, Denver, New York and San Francisco locations. The restructuring plan is a result of the integration of Trulia’s business and operations with and into Zillow Group’s business. Employees directly affected by the restructuring plan have been or will be provided with severance payments, stock vesting acceleration and outplacement assistance. Zillow Group expects to complete the restructuring by the end of 2015. As a result of the restructuring plan, Zillow Group recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $25.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015 for severance and other personnel related expenses, contract termination costs associated with certain operating leases, and non-cash expenses relating to stock vesting acceleration. Further details on the restructuring are presented in Note 15 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties

We operate in a dynamic industry and, accordingly, can be affected by a variety of factors. For example, we believe that changes in any of the following areas could have a significant negative effect on us in terms of our future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: our ability to successfully integrate and realize the benefits of our past or future strategic acquisitions or

 

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investments, including our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia; rates of revenue growth; engagement and usage of our products; scaling and adaptation of existing technology and network infrastructure; competition in our market; management of our growth; qualified employees and key personnel; protection of our brand and intellectual property; changes in government regulation affecting our business; intellectual property infringement and other claims; protection of customers’ information and privacy concerns; and security measures related to our mobile applications and websites, among other things.

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include Zillow Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 included in Zillow, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 17, 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements of Zillow, Inc. as of that date.

For financial reporting and accounting purposes, Zillow was the acquirer of Trulia. The results presented in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect those of Zillow prior to the completion of the acquisition of Trulia on February 17, 2015, and Trulia’s results of operations have been included prospectively after February 17, 2015.

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position as of March 31, 2015, our results of operations and our cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. The results of the three month period ended March 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2015 or for any interim period or for any other future year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, website development costs, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets with definite lives, share-based compensation, income tax uncertainties, including a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, business combinations, goodwill, and restructuring, among others. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments, or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected.

Reclassifications

Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and statements of cash flows to conform data for prior periods to the current format.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. We place cash and cash equivalents and investments with major financial institutions, which management assesses to be of high credit quality, in order to limit exposure of our investments.

Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is dispersed due to the large number of customers. Further, our credit risk on accounts receivable is mitigated by the relatively short payment terms that we offer. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts such that receivables are stated at net realizable value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Our cash equivalents include only investments with original maturities of three months or less. We regularly maintain cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions.

 

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Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held as collateral in our name at a financial institution related to certain of our operating leases.

Investments

Our investments consist of fixed income securities, which include U.S. and foreign government agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, municipal securities, commercial paper and certificates of deposit, and are classified as available-for-sale securities beginning on January 1, 2015. As the investments are available to support current operations, our available-for-sale securities are classified as short-term investments. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity, while realized gains and losses and other-than-temporary impairments are reported as a component of net loss based on specific identification. An impairment charge is recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for declines in fair value below the cost of an individual investment that are deemed to be other than temporary. We assess whether a decline in value is temporary based on the length of time that the fair market value has been below cost, the severity of the decline and the intent and ability to hold or sell the investment. We did not identify any investments as other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

Prior to January 1, 2015 our investments were classified as held-to-maturity and were recorded at amortized cost (see Note 4).

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days and are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. We consider accounts outstanding longer than the contractual terms past due. We review accounts receivable on a regular basis and estimate an amount of losses for uncollectible accounts based on our historical collections experience, age of the receivable, knowledge of the customer and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. We record changes in our estimate to the allowance for doubtful accounts through bad debt expense and relieve the allowance when accounts are ultimately determined to be uncollectible. Bad debt expense is included in general and administrative expenses.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives are as follows:

 

Computer equipment 3 years
Purchased software 3 years
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures 5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of expected useful life or lease term

Maintenance and repair costs are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements, which extend the useful life of the related asset, are capitalized. Upon disposal of a fixed asset, we record a gain or loss based on the differences between the proceeds received and the net book value of the disposed asset.

Website and Software Development Costs

The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental and deemed by management to be significant, are capitalized in property and equipment and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Maintenance and enhancement costs, including those costs in the post-implementation stages, are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the website or software that result in added functionality, in which case the costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to capitalized website and software development costs is included in technology and development expense.

Capitalized development activities placed in service are amortized over the expected useful lives of those releases, currently estimated at one year. The estimated useful lives of website and software development activities are reviewed frequently and adjusted as appropriate to reflect upcoming development activities that may include significant upgrades and/or enhancements to the existing functionality.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition. We assess the impairment of goodwill on an annual basis, in our fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired.

 

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We assess goodwill for possible impairment by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test are unnecessary. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test identifies if there is potential goodwill impairment. If step one indicates that an impairment may exist, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the goodwill impairment, if any. Goodwill impairment exists when the estimated fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value. If impairment exists, the carrying value of the goodwill is reduced to fair value through an impairment charge recorded in our statements of operations.

Intangible Assets

We purchase and license data content from multiple data providers. This data content consists of U.S. county data about home details (e.g., the number of bedrooms, bathrooms, square footage) and other information relating to the purchase price of homes, both current and historical, as well as imagery, mapping and parcel data that is displayed on our mobile applications and websites. Our home details data not only provides information about a home and its related transactions which is displayed on our mobile applications and websites, but is also used in our proprietary valuation algorithms to produce Zestimates, Trulia Estimates, Rent Zestimates and Zillow Home Value Indexes. License agreement terms vary by vendor. In some instances, we retain perpetual rights to this information after the contract ends; in other instances, the information and data are licensed only during the fixed term of the agreement. Additionally, certain data license agreements provide for uneven payment amounts throughout the life of the contract term.

We capitalize payments made to third parties for data licenses that we expect to provide future economic benefit through the recovery of the costs of these arrangements via the generation of our revenue and margins. For data license contracts that include uneven payment amounts, we capitalize the payments as they are made as an intangible asset and amortize the total contract value over the estimated useful life. For contracts in which we have perpetual rights to the data, the total contract value is amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract plus two years, which is equivalent to the estimated useful life of the asset. For contracts in which we do not have access to the data beyond the contractual term, the total contract value is amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. We evaluate data content contracts for potential capitalization at the inception of the arrangement as well as each time periodic payments to third parties are made.

The amortization period for the capitalized purchased content is based on our best estimate of the useful life of the asset, which ranges from two to nine years. The determination of the useful life includes consideration of a variety of factors including, but not limited to, our assessment of the expected use of the asset and contractual provisions that may limit the useful life, as well as an assessment of when the data is expected to become obsolete based on our estimates of the diminishing value of the data over time. We evaluate the useful life of the capitalized purchased data content each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining useful life. If we determine the estimate of the asset’s useful life requires modification, the carrying amount of the asset is amortized prospectively over the revised useful life. The capitalized purchased data content is amortized on a straight-line basis as the pattern of delivery of the economic benefits of the data cannot reliably be determined because we do not have the ability to reliably predict future traffic to our websites and mobile applications.

Under certain other data agreements, the underlying data is obtained on a subscription basis with consistent monthly recurring payment terms over the contractual period. Upon the expiration of such arrangements, we no longer have the right to access the related data, and therefore, the costs incurred under such contracts are not capitalized and are expensed as payments are made. We would immediately lose rights to data under these arrangements if we were to cancel the subscription and/or cease making payments under the subscription arrangements.

We also have intangible assets for developed technology, customer relationships, trade names and trademarks, advertising relationships and MLS home data feeds which we recorded in connection with acquisitions. Purchased intangible assets with a determinable economic life are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. These intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis.

Recoverability of Intangible Assets with Definite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that they may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated. We group assets for purposes of such review at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows of the asset group are largely independent of the cash flows of the other groups of assets and liabilities. If this comparison indicates impairment, the amount of impairment to be recognized is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the asset group.

 

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Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of prepaid advertising fees received or billed in advance of the delivery or completion of the services, prepaid but unrecognized subscription revenue, and for amounts received in instances when revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Deferred revenue is recognized when the services are provided and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Deferred Rent

For our operating leases, we recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases and, accordingly, we record the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expense as a deferred rent liability. Landlord-funded leasehold improvements are also recorded as deferred rent liabilities and are amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the non-cancelable term of the related operating lease.

Restructuring

The main components of our restructuring plan related to the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia relate to workforce reduction and contract termination costs. Workforce reduction charges are accrued when it is probable that the employees are entitled to the severance payments and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. One-time involuntary termination benefits are accrued when the plan of termination has been communicated to the employees and certain other criteria are met. Share-based compensation expense related to acceleration of share-based awards assumed in connection with the acquisition of Trulia is recognized over the remaining requisite service period. Contract termination costs are recognized as a liability when a contract is terminated in accordance with its terms or at the cease-use date. The cumulative effect of a change resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows is recognized as an adjustment to the liability in the period of the change. If the amounts and timing of cash flows from restructuring activities are significantly different from what we have estimated, the actual amount of restructuring and other related charges could be materially different than those we have recorded. Further details on the restructuring are presented in Note 15 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

We recognize identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions for the purchase price allocation process to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent that we identify adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Further details on the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia are presented in Note 6 of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

In general, we recognize revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered to the customer, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. We consider a signed agreement, a binding insertion order or other similar documentation reflecting the terms and conditions under which products or services will be provided to be persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Collectability is assessed based on a number of factors, including payment history and the creditworthiness of a customer. If it is determined that collection is not reasonably assured, revenue is not recognized until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt of cash.

We generate revenue from the sale of advertising services and our suite of tools to businesses and professionals primarily associated with the real estate and mortgage industries. These professionals include local real estate professionals, mortgage professionals and brand advertisers. Our two revenue categories are marketplace revenue and display revenue. Incremental direct costs incurred related to the acquisition or origination of a customer contract in a transaction that results in the deferral of revenue are expensed as incurred.

Marketplace Revenue. Marketplace revenue consists of real estate, mortgages, and Market Leader revenue.

Real estate revenue primarily includes revenue from advertising and a suite of tools sold to real estate professionals, as well as revenue generated by Zillow Rentals, which includes our rentals marketplace and suite of tools for rental professionals.

Our Zillow Premier Agent program, which is included in real estate revenue, offers a suite of marketing and business technology solutions to help real estate agents grow their businesses and personal brands. The Premier Agent program allows agents to select products and services that they can tailor to meet their business and advertising needs. The program has three tiers of

 

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participation including Premier Platinum, our flagship product, as well as Premier Gold and Premier Silver, to meet different marketing and business needs of a broad range of agents. All tiers of Premier Agents receive access to a dashboard portal on our website that provides individualized program performance analytics, as well as our personalized website service, and our free customer relationship management, or CRM, tool that captures detailed information about each contact made with a Premier Agent through our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Gold product also includes featured listings whereby the agent’s listings will appear at the top of search results on our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Platinum product includes the dashboard portal on our website, our personalized website service, our CRM tool, featured listings, and inclusion on our buyer’s agent list, whereby the agent appears as the agent to contact for listings in the purchased zip code. We charge for our Platinum Premier Agent product based on the number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list in zip codes purchased and a contracted maximum cost per impression. Our Platinum Premier Agent product includes multiple deliverables which are accounted for as a single unit of accounting, as the delivery or performance of the undelivered elements is based on traffic to our mobile applications and websites. We recognize revenue related to our impression-based Platinum Premier Agent product based on the lesser of (i) the actual number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list during the period multiplied by the contracted maximum cost per impression, or (ii) the contractual maximum spend on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months or twelve months and then month-to-month thereafter. We charge a fixed subscription fee for Zillow’s Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products. Subscription advertising revenue for our Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products is recognized on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months and then month-to-month thereafter.

Our Trulia real estate products included in real estate revenue are primarily sold on a fixed fee subscription basis, and include Trulia Local Ads, Trulia Mobile Ads, Trulia Pro with featured listings, and Trulia Seller Ads. Trulia Local Ads and Trulia Mobile Ads enable real estate professionals to promote themselves on Trulia’s search results pages and property details pages for a local market area. Real estate professionals purchase subscriptions to these products based upon their specified market share for a city or zip code, at a fixed monthly price, for periods ranging from one month to one year, with pricing depending on demand, location, and the percentage of market share purchased. Trulia’s featured listings product allows real estate professionals to receive prominent placement of their listings in Trulia’s search results. Real estate professionals sign up for new subscriptions to this product at a fixed monthly price for periods that generally range from six months to 12 months. Trulia Seller Ads enable real estate professionals to generate leads from consumers interested in selling their homes.

Rentals revenue, which is included in real estate revenue, primarily includes advertising sold to property managers and other rental professionals on a cost per lead and cost per lease basis. We recognize revenue as leads are delivered to rental professionals or as qualified leases are confirmed.

Mortgages revenue primarily includes advertising sold to mortgage lenders on a cost-per-click (“CPC”) basis, related to Zillow Mortgages, as well as revenue generated by Mortech, which provides subscription-based mortgage software solutions, including a product and pricing engine and lead management platform, for which we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered. In Zillow Mortgages, participating qualified mortgage lenders make a prepayment to gain access to consumers interested in connecting with mortgage professionals. Consumers who request rates for mortgage loans in Zillow Mortgages are presented with personalized lender quotes from participating lenders. We only charge mortgage lenders a fee when users click for more information regarding a mortgage loan quote. Mortgage lenders who exhaust their initial prepayment can then prepay additional funds to continue to participate in the marketplace. We recognize revenue when a user clicks on a mortgage advertisement or to obtain additional information about a mortgage loan quote.

Market Leader revenue primarily includes a comprehensive premium software-as-a-service based marketing product typically sold to real estate professionals as a bundle of products under a fixed fee subscription. We also sell a base version of these products to strategic franchise networks for specified contractual amounts over a number of years and partner with them to drive adoption of our premium solution across their network.

Display Revenue. Display revenue primarily consists of graphical mobile and web advertising sold on a cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”) or CPC basis to advertisers promoting their brands on our mobile applications and websites and our partner websites, primarily in the real estate industry, including real estate brokerages, home builders, mortgage lenders and home services providers. Our advertising customers also include telecommunications, automotive, insurance and consumer products companies. Impressions are the number of times an advertisement is loaded on a web page and clicks are the number of times users click on an advertisement. Pricing is primarily based on advertisement size and position on our mobile applications and websites, and fees are generally billed monthly. We recognize display revenue as clicks occur or as impressions are delivered to users interacting with our mobile applications or websites.

There were no customers that generated 10% or more of our total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2015 or 2014.

 

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Multiple-Element Arrangements. We enter into arrangements with customers that include combinations of CPC media placements, CPM media placements and subscription products.

We allocate arrangement consideration in multiple-element revenue arrangements at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables or those packages in which all components of the package are delivered at the same time based on the relative selling price method in accordance with the selling price hierarchy, which includes: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) if available; (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available; and (iii) best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

VSOE -  We determine VSOE based on our historical pricing and discounting practices for the specific product when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the standalone selling prices for these products fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. For certain subscription products, we have been able to establish VSOE.

TPE -  When VSOE cannot be established for deliverables in multiple-element arrangements, we apply judgment with respect to whether it can establish a selling price based on TPE. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our go-to-market strategy differs from that of our peers and our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of the products cannot be obtained. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor selling prices are on a standalone basis. As a result, we have not been able to establish selling price based on TPE.

BESP -  When we are unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the service was sold regularly on a standalone basis. As we have not been able to establish VSOE or TPE for CPM display placements, CPC display placements and certain subscription products, we determine BESP for these deliverables based on the following:

 

    The list price represents a component of the go-to-market strategy established by senior management. Our list prices are based on the features of the products offered. These features, which consist of the size and placement of the advertisements on our mobile applications and websites, impact the list prices which vary depending on the specifications of the features. In addition, the list prices are impacted by market conditions, including the conditions of the real estate market and economy in general, and our competitive landscape; and

 

    Analysis of our current and historical selling prices for these deliverables.

We limit the amount of allocable arrangement consideration to amounts that are fixed or determinable and that are not contingent on future performance or future deliverables. We regularly review our BESP. Changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements in the arrangement could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

We recognize the relative fair value of the products as they are delivered assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue consists of expenses related to operating our mobile applications and websites, including associated headcount expenses, such as salaries and benefits and share-based compensation expense and bonuses, as well as credit card fees, ad serving costs paid to third parties, revenue-sharing costs related to our commercial business relationships, costs to generate leads for customers, multiple listing services fees and costs associated with the operation of our data center and customer websites.

Technology and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded in technology and development expenses. These costs consist primarily of technology and development headcount related expenses including salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation expense primarily associated with developing new technologies. Technology and development expenses also include amortization of intangible assets, including acquired intangible assets, purchased content and capitalized website development costs, and other data content expense.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure compensation expense for all share-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the service period on a straight-line basis for awards expected to vest.

We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value for option awards. In valuing our option awards, we make assumptions about risk-free interest rates, dividend yields, volatility, and weighted-average expected lives, including estimated forfeiture rates. Risk-free interest rates are derived from U.S. Treasury securities as of the option award grant date. Expected dividend yield is based on our historical dividend payments, which have been zero to date. The expected volatility for our Class A common stock is estimated using a combination of our historical volatility and the published historical volatilities of industry peers in

 

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the online publishing market representing the verticals in which we operate. We estimate the weighted-average expected life of the option awards as the average of the option vesting schedule and the term of the award, since we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time share-based awards have been exercisable. The term of the award is estimated using the simplified method, as awards are plain vanilla option awards. Forfeiture rates are estimated using historical actual forfeiture trends as well as our judgment of future forfeitures. These rates are evaluated at least quarterly and any change in compensation expense is recognized in the period of the change. The estimation of option awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period the estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including employee class and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from management’s current estimates.

For issuances of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and restricted units, we determine the fair value of the award based on the market value of our Class A common stock at the date of grant.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting income taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the applicable enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets would be established if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some or all of the deferred tax assets are not expected to be realized.

We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, new tax legislation or the change of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as income tax expense.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance on the disclosure of uncertainties about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This standard provides guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have any impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on revenue recognition. This guidance provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, early adoption is not permitted, and must be applied retrospectively or modified retrospectively. We expect to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2017. We have not yet determined the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, if any, or our approach to adoption.

 

Note 3. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards also establish a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

    Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

    Level 2 — Assets and liabilities valued based on observable market data for similar instruments, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities.

 

    Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity; instruments valued based on the best available data, some of which is internally developed, and considers risk premiums that a market participant would require.

 

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We applied the following methods and assumptions in estimating our fair value measurements:

Cash equivalents — Cash equivalents are comprised of highly liquid investments, including money market funds, foreign government securities and certificates of deposit, with original maturities of less than three months. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on quoted market prices in active markets and these assets are recorded at fair value.

Investments — Our investments consist of fixed income securities, which include U.S. and foreign government agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, municipal securities, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on observable market-based inputs or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Restricted cash — Our restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held as collateral in our name at a financial institution related to certain of our operating leases. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on observable market-based inputs.

The following table presents the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy, as of March 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

     March 31, 2015  
     Total      Level 1      Level 2  

Cash equivalents:

        

Money market funds

   $ 111,557       $ 111,557       $ —     

Certificates of deposit

     450         —           450   

Short-term investments:

        

U.S government agency securities

     164,929         164,929         —     

Corporate notes and bonds

     82,010         —           82,010   

Municipal securities

     43,782         —           43,782   

Certificates of deposit

     15,858         —           15,858   

Commercial paper

     7,993         —           7,993   

Foreign government securities

     6,009         —           6,009   

Restricted cash

     6,800         —           6,800   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 439,388    $ 276,486    $ 162,902   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the fair value, by level within the fair value hierarchy, of our cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

 

     December 31, 2014  
     Total      Level 1      Level 2  

Cash equivalents:

        

Money market funds

   $ 98,645       $ 98,645       $ —     

Foreign government securities

     9,035         —           9,035   

Certificates of deposit

     2,975         —           2,975   

Short-term investments:

        

U.S government agency securities

     118,342         118,342         —     

Corporate notes and bonds

     78,746         —           78,746   

Municipal securities

     26,256         —           26,256   

Foreign government securities

     8,570         —           8,570   

Commercial paper

     7,987         —           7,987   

Certificates of deposit

     6,928         —           6,928   

Long-term investments:

        

U.S government agency securities

     63,515         63,515         —     

Municipal securities

     12,917         —           12,917   

Corporate notes and bonds

     6,694         —           6,694   

Certificates of deposit

     200         —           200   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 440,810    $ 280,502    $ 160,308   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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As of December 31, 2014, the amortized cost of cash equivalents and held-to-maturity investments approximated their fair value.

See Note 9 for the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s convertible senior notes.

 

Note 4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Investments and Restricted Cash

On January 1, 2015 we transferred our cash equivalent and investment portfolio of approximately $440.8 million from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale, which resulted in the recognition of an insignificant loss of $0.1 million. The transfer of the investment portfolio to available-for-sale was made to provide increased flexibility in the use of our investments to support current operations.

The following table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair market value of our cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments and restricted cash as of March 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

     March 31, 2015  
     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
     Estimated
Fair Market
Value
 

Cash

   $ 195,845       $ —         $ —         $ 195,845   

Cash equivalents:

           

Money market funds

     111,557         —           —           111,557   

Certificates of deposit

     450         —           —           450   

Short-term investments:

           

U.S government agency securities

     164,872         78         (21      164,929   

Corporate notes and bonds

     82,041         15         (46      82,010   

Municipal securities

     43,765         26         (9      43,782   

Certificates of deposit

     15,856         3         (1      15,858   

Commercial paper

     7,993         —           —           7,993   

Foreign government securities

     6,009         —           —           6,009   

Restricted cash

     6,800         —           —           6,800   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 635,188    $ 122    $ (77 $ 635,233   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents available-for-sale investments by contractual maturity date as of March 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
     Estimated Fair
Market Value
 

Due in one year or less

   $ 248,719       $ 248,752   

Due after one year through two years

     71,817         71,829   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 320,536    $ 320,581   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Note 5. Property and Equipment, net

The following table presents the detail of property and equipment as of the dates presented (in thousands):

 

     March 31,
2015
     December 31,
2014
 

Website development costs

   $ 59,618       $ 65,224   

Computer equipment

     17,450         13,243   

Leasehold improvements

     30,085         10,617   

Software

     5,875         3,431   

Construction-in-progress

     11,444         9,307   

Office equipment, furniture and fixtures

     10,218         6,482   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and equipment

  134,690      108,304   

Less: accumulated amortization and depreciation

  (61,754   (66,704
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

$ 72,936    $ 41,600   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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We recorded depreciation expense related to property and equipment (other than website development costs) of $2.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

We capitalized $10.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively, in website development costs during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Amortization expense for website development costs included in technology and development expenses was $4.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

Construction-in-progress primarily consists of website development costs that are capitalizable, but for which the associated applications had not been placed in service.

 

Note 6. Acquisition of Trulia

Effective February 17, 2015, pursuant to the Merger Agreement dated as of July 28, 2014 by and among Zillow, Zillow Group and Trulia, following the consummation of the Mergers contemplated by the Merger Agreement, each of Zillow and Trulia became wholly owned subsidiaries of Zillow Group. Prior to the closing, Zillow Group formed two wholly owned subsidiaries, Zebra Merger Sub, Inc. and Tiger 1 Merger Sub, Inc. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Zebra Merger Sub, Inc. merged with and into Zillow (the “Zillow Merger”), Zebra Merger Sub, Inc. ceased to exist, and Zillow is the surviving corporation, and Tiger 1 Merger Sub, Inc. merged with and into Trulia (the “Trulia Merger”), Tiger 1 Merger Sub, Inc. ceased to exist, and Trulia is the surviving corporation. The acquisition of Trulia aligns with our growth strategies, including focusing on consumers and deepening, strengthening, and expanding our marketplaces. With the addition of Trulia, we expanded our audience and added another consumer brand that offers buyers, sellers, homeowners and renters access to information about homes and real estate for free, and provides advertising and software solutions that help real estate professionals grow their business.

At the effective time of the Zillow Merger, each share of Zillow Class A common stock, other than Zillow excluded shares (as defined below), was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Zillow Group Class A common stock, and each share of Zillow Class B common stock, other than Zillow excluded shares, was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Zillow Group Class B common stock. Shares of Zillow common stock held by Zillow as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Trulia, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia (“Zillow excluded shares”) were canceled and did not receive the Zillow merger consideration. Generally, each Zillow stock option and restricted stock unit outstanding (whether or not vested or exercisable) as of the effective time of the Zillow Merger was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into a corresponding equity award to purchase or acquire shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock and remains subject to the same terms, conditions and restrictions as the original option or award. Any unvested shares of Zillow Class A common stock subject to a repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition as of the effective time of the Zillow Merger were exchanged for shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock that are also unvested and subject to the same repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition. Each Zillow restricted unit outstanding as of the effective time of the Zillow Merger was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into the right to receive Zillow Group Class A common stock, subject to the same terms, conditions and restrictions as the original restricted unit.

At the effective time of the Trulia Merger, each share of Trulia common stock, other than Trulia excluded shares (as defined below), was converted into the right to receive 0.444 of a share of fully paid and nonassessable Zillow Group Class A common stock. Shares of Trulia common stock held by Trulia as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Zillow, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia (“Trulia excluded shares”) were canceled and did not receive the Trulia merger consideration. Generally, each Trulia stock option, restricted stock unit, and stock appreciation right outstanding (whether or not vested or exercisable) as of the effective time of the Trulia Merger was assumed by Zillow Group and converted into a corresponding equity award to purchase, acquire shares of, or participate in the appreciation in price of Zillow Group Class A common stock and remains subject to the same terms, conditions and restrictions as the original option or award, subject to specified adjustments to reflect the effect of the Trulia exchange ratio. Each outstanding unvested Trulia stock option and restricted stock unit held by a member of the Trulia board of directors immediately prior to the effective time of the Trulia Merger who was not an employee of Trulia or any subsidiary of Trulia became fully vested immediately prior to the effective time of the Trulia Merger in accordance with the terms of the applicable award agreements.

Our acquisition of Trulia has been accounted for as a business combination, and assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of February 17, 2015. Goodwill, which represents the expected synergies from combining the acquired assets and the operations of the acquirer, as well as intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, is measured as of the acquisition date as the excess of consideration transferred, which is also measured at fair value, and the net of the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.

 

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In all cases in which Zillow Group’s closing stock price is a determining factor in arriving at the amount of merger consideration, the stock price assumed is the closing price of Zillow Class A common stock on NASDAQ on February 17, 2015 ($109.14 per share). The purchase price to effect the acquisition of Trulia of approximately $2.0 billion is summarized in the following table (in thousands):

 

Value of Class A Common stock issued

$ 1,883,728   

Substituted stock options and stock appreciation rights attributable to pre-combination service

  54,853   

Substituted restricted stock units attributable to pre-combination service

  27,798   

Cash paid in lieu of fractional outstanding shares

  41   
  

 

 

 

Total purchase price

$ 1,966,420   
  

 

 

 

A total of 17,259,704 shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock were issued in connection with the acquisition of Trulia. Trulia stockholders did not receive any fractional shares of Zillow Group common stock in connection with the Mergers. Instead of receiving any fractional shares, each holder of Trulia common stock was paid an amount in cash (without interest) equal to such fractional amount multiplied by the last reported sale price of Zillow Class A common stock on NASDAQ on the last complete trading day prior to the date of the effective time of the Trulia Merger.

A portion of the purchase price has been attributed to the substitution of Trulia’s stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights outstanding as of February 17, 2015, for corresponding stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights to purchase, vest in or participate in the appreciation in price of shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock, all at an exchange ratio of 0.444. The fair value of Trulia’s share-based awards assumed in connection with the acquisition, including stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights, which relate to post-combination service will be recorded by Zillow Group as share-based compensation expense ratably over the remaining related vesting period of the respective award. The share-based compensation expense related to stock options and stock appreciation rights assumed is estimated at the acquisition date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, assuming no dividends, expected volatility of 53%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.10%, and an expected life of three years. For restricted stock units assumed, Zillow Group uses the market value of Zillow’s Class A common stock on the date of acquisition to determine the fair value of the award.

The total purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identifiable intangible assets, based on their respective fair values at the acquisition date. Based upon the fair values determined by us, in which we considered or relied in part upon a valuation report of a third-party expert, the total purchase price was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 173,447   

Accounts receivable

  13,093   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  20,833   

Restricted cash

  6,946   

Property and equipment

  30,189   

Other assets

  434   

Identifiable intangible assets

  549,000   

Goodwill

  1,737,075   

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities

  (51,063

Accrued compensation and benefits

  (8,324

Deferred revenue

  (8,300

Long-term debt

  (230,000

Debt premium recorded in additional paid-in capital

  (126,386

Deferred tax liabilities and other long-term liabilities

  (140,524
  

 

 

 

Total preliminary estimated purchase price

$ 1,966,420   
  

 

 

 

 

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The preliminary estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Preliminary
Estimated
Fair Value
     Estimated
Useful Life
(in years)
 

Trulia trade names and trademarks

   $ 351,000         Indefinite   

Market Leader trade names and trademarks

     2,000         2   

Customer relationships

     92,000         3-7   

Developed technology

     91,000         3-7   

Advertising relationships

     9,000         3   

MLS home data feeds

     4,000         3   
  

 

 

    

Total

$ 549,000   
  

 

 

    

The preliminary estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired was determined by Zillow Group, and Zillow Group considered or relied in part upon a valuation report of a third-party expert. Zillow Group used an income approach to measure the fair value of the trade names and trademarks and the developed technology based on the relief-from-royalty method. Zillow Group used an income approach to measure the fair value of the customer relationships based on the excess earnings method, whereby the fair value is estimated based upon the present value of cash flows that the applicable asset is expected to generate. Zillow Group used an income approach to measure the fair value of the advertising relationships based on a with and without analysis, whereby the fair value is estimated based on the present value of cash flows the combined business is expected to generate with and without the advertising relationships. Zillow Group used a cost approach to measure the fair value of the MLS home data feeds based on the estimated cost to replace the data feed library. These fair value measurements were based on Level 3 measurements under the fair value hierarchy.

A portion of the total purchase price was allocated to Trulia’s 2020 Notes (see Note 9). In accordance with the accounting guidance related to business combinations, the 2020 Notes are recognized at fair value as of the effective date of the Mergers. The preliminary estimated fair value of the 2020 Notes is approximately $356.4 million. The preliminary estimated fair value of the 2020 Notes was determined by Zillow Group, and Zillow Group considered or relied in part upon a valuation report of a third-party expert. The preliminary estimated fair value of the 2020 Notes was determined through combination of the use of a binomial lattice valuation model and consideration of quoted market prices. The fair value is classified as Level 3 due to the use of significant unobservable inputs such as implied volatility of Zillow Group’s Class A common stock, discount spread and the limited trading activity for the 2020 Notes. Given the preliminary fair value of the 2020 Notes of $356.4 million is at a substantial premium to the principal amount of $230.0 million, the premium amount of $126.4 million has been recorded as additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the effective date of the Mergers. Accordingly, Zillow Group has recognized the liability component of the 2020 Notes at the stated par amount in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the effective date of the Mergers. The conversion feature included in the 2020 Notes is not required to be bifurcated and separately accounted for as it meets the equity scope exception given the conversion feature (i) is indexed to Zillow Group’s Class A common stock and (ii) would be classified in shareholder’s equity. Further, the 2020 Notes do not permit or require Zillow Group to settle the debt in cash (in whole or in part) upon conversion.

A portion of the total purchase price was allocated to deferred tax liabilities primarily related to an indefinite-lived intangible asset generated in connection with the Mergers. Due to the recognition of a $351.0 million indefinite-lived Trulia trade name and trademark intangible asset as of the effective date of the Mergers, a deferred tax liability of $140.4 million is recognized which cannot be offset by the recognized deferred tax assets.

Our estimates and assumptions related to the purchase price allocation are preliminary and subject to change during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as we finalize the amount of intangible assets, goodwill, accrued expenses and deferred taxes recorded in connection with the acquisition.

Acquisition-related costs incurred, which primarily included investment banker fees, legal, accounting, tax, regulatory filing and printing fees, were expensed as incurred. Acquisition-related costs of $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 are included as a separate line item in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The results of operations related to the acquisition of Trulia have been included in our financial statements since the date of acquisition of February 17, 2015. However, disclosure of the amounts of revenue and earnings of the acquiree since the acquisition date is impracticable because discrete financial information is not available as we have one operating segment.

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information gives effect to the acquisition of Trulia as if it were consummated on January 1, 2014 (the beginning of the comparable prior reporting period), and includes pro forma adjustments primarily related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, share-based compensation expense attributable to substituted stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights, direct and incremental acquisition-related costs reflected in the historical financial statements, and the elimination of Trulia’s historical amortization of capitalized website development costs. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for informational purposes only. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the results of operations that would have been reported had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2014 and should not be taken as representative of future results of operations of the combined company.

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

Revenue

   $ 162,531       $ 120,732   

Net loss

   $ (17,854    $ (23,806

Net loss per share – basic and diluted

   $ (0.31    $ (0.42

 

Note 7. Goodwill

The following table presents the change in goodwill from December 31, 2014 through March 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

   $ 96,352   

Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of Trulia

     1,737,075   
  

 

 

 

Balance as of March 31, 2015

$ 1,833,427   
  

 

 

 

The goodwill recorded in connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, which is not deductible for tax purposes, includes intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies from complementary products, and largely non-overlapping customer bases.

 

Note 8. Intangible Assets

The following tables present the detail of intangible assets subject to amortization as of the dates presented (in thousands):

 

     March 31, 2015  
     Cost      Accumulated
Amortization
     Net  

Purchased content

   $ 24,899       $ (15,568    $ 9,331   

Customer relationships

     101,225         (5,554      95,671   

Developed technology

     104,595         (7,612      96,983   

Trade names and trademarks

     5,261         (1,618      3,643   

Advertising relationships

     9,000         (348      8,652   

MLS home data feeds

     4,000         (155      3,845   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 248,980    $ (30,855 $ 218,125   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     December 31, 2014  
     Cost      Accumulated
Amortization
     Net  

Purchased content

   $ 24,615       $ (13,904    $ 10,711   

Developed technology

     13,595         (5,322      8,274   

Customer relationships

     9,225         (3,386      5,838   

Trade names and trademarks

     3,261         (1,327      1,934   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 50,696    $ (23,939 $ 26,757   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Amortization expense recorded for intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $6.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively. These amounts are included in technology and development expenses. The remaining weighted-average amortization period for all intangible assets as of March 31, 2015 is approximately 6.3 years.

Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets, including amortization related to future commitments (see Note 14), as of March 31, 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 

Remainder of 2015

$ 34,540   

2016

  47,995   

2017

  44,092   

2018

  33,888   

2019

  30,872   

All future years

  75,222   
  

 

 

 

Total future amortization expense

$ 266,609   
  

 

 

 

As of March 31, 2015, we have an indefinite-lived intangible asset for $351.0 million that we recorded in connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia for Trulia’s trade names and trademarks that is not subject to amortization. See Note 6 for further details related to the acquisition.

 

Note 9. Convertible Senior Notes

In connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia (see Note 6), a portion of the total purchase price was allocated to Trulia’s Convertible Senior Notes due in 2020 (the “2020 Notes”), which are unsecured senior obligations. Pursuant to and in accordance with the Merger Agreement, Zillow Group entered into a supplemental indenture in respect of the 2020 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million, which supplemental indenture provides, among other things, that, at the effective time of the Trulia Merger, (i) each outstanding 2020 Note is no longer convertible into shares of Trulia common stock and is convertible solely into shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock, pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms of the indenture governing the 2020 Notes, and (ii) Zillow Group guaranteed all of the obligations of Trulia under the 2020 Notes and related indenture. The aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes is due on December 15, 2020 if not earlier converted or redeemed. Interest is payable on the 2020 Notes at the rate of 2.75% semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

Holders of the 2020 Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. In connection with the supplemental indenture in respect of the 2020 Notes, the conversion ratio immediately prior to the effective time of the Trulia Merger of 27.8303 shares of Trulia common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes has been adjusted to 12.3567 shares of our Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes based on the exchange ratio of 0.444 per the Merger Agreement. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $80.93 per share of our Class A common stock. The conversion rate will be adjusted for certain dilutive events and will be increased in the case of corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the indenture governing the notes). The conversion option of the 2020 Notes has no cash settlement provisions. The conversion option does not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative as it is indexed to our own stock.

The holders of the 2020 Notes will have the ability to require us to repurchase the notes in whole or in part upon the occurrence of an event that constitutes a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the indenture governing the notes, including such events as a “change in control” or “termination of trading”, subject to certain exceptions). In such case, the repurchase price would be 100% of the principal amount of the 2020 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change repurchase date. Certain events are also considered “Events of Default,” which may result in the acceleration of the maturity of the 2020 Notes, as described in the indenture governing the notes. There are no financial covenants associated with the 2020 Notes.

We may not redeem the 2020 Notes prior to December 20, 2018. We may redeem the 2020 Notes, at our option, in whole or in part on or after December 20, 2018, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period.

Interest expense related to the 2020 Notes for the period from February 17, 2015 through March 31, 2015 was $0.7 million. Accrued interest related to the 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2015 is $1.8 million, and is recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

 

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The estimated fair value and carrying value of the 2020 Notes were $356.4 million and $230.0 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2015. The preliminary estimated fair value of the 2020 Notes was determined through combination of the use of a binomial lattice valuation model and consideration of quoted market prices. The fair value is classified as Level 3 due to the use of significant unobservable inputs such as implied volatility of Zillow Group’s Class A common stock, discount spread and the limited trading activity for the 2020 Notes. We determined the fair value of the 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2015 using the following assumptions:

 

Stock price

$109.14

Time to maturity

5.83 years

Volatility

35%

Risk-free rate

1.78%

Discount spread

6.0% - 7.0%

 

Note 10. Income Taxes

We are subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States and in Canada. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not have a material amount of reportable taxable income, and we are not projecting a material amount of reportable taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2015. We have provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 because, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Therefore, no current tax liability or expense has been recorded in the financial statements. We have accumulated federal tax losses of approximately $358.6 million as of December 31, 2014, which are available to reduce future taxable income. We have accumulated state tax losses of approximately $7.2 million (tax effected) as of December 31, 2014.

 

Note 11. Shareholders’ Equity

Our board of directors has the authority to fix and determine and to amend the number of shares of any series of preferred stock that is wholly unissued or to be established and to fix and determine and to amend the designation, preferences, voting powers and limitations, and the relative, participating, optional or other rights, of any series of shares of preferred stock that is wholly unissued or to be established, subject in each case to certain approval rights of holders of our outstanding Class B common stock. There was no preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

Our Class A common stock has no preferences or privileges and is not redeemable. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share.

Our Class B common stock has no preferences or privileges and is not redeemable. At any time after the date of issuance, each share of Class B common stock, at the option of the holder, may be converted into one share of Class A common stock, or automatically converted upon the affirmative vote by or written consent of holders of a majority of the shares of the Class B common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, no shares of Class B common stock were converted into Class A common stock at the option of the holders. During the year ended December 31, 2014, 251,445 shares of Class B common stock were converted into Class A common stock at the option of the holders. Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes for each share.

Our Class C capital stock has no preferences or privileges, is not redeemable and, except in limited circumstances, is non-voting. There was no Class C capital stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

 

Note 12. Share-Based Awards

In connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we assumed the obligations of Zillow, Trulia and Market Leader outstanding under pre-existing stock plans. In addition, we assumed the Zillow 2011 Incentive Plan, as amended and/or restated, and the Trulia 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, for purposes of future grants, with the number and type of shares issuable thereunder appropriately adjusted to reflect the Mergers, in accordance with applicable NASDAQ exchange listing requirements.

Zillow 2011 Incentive Plan

On July 19, 2011, Zillow’s 2011 Incentive Plan (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “2011 Plan”) became effective and serves as the successor to Zillow’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”). Under the 2011 Plan 3,800,000 shares of Class A common stock are reserved for issuance. The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2011 Plan automatically increases on the first day of each of our fiscal years beginning in 2013 by a number of shares equal to the least of (a) 3.5% of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock on a fully diluted basis as of the end of our immediately preceding fiscal year, (b) 3,500,000 shares, and (c) a lesser amount determined by our board of directors; provided, however, that any shares from any increases in previous years that are not actually issued will continue to be available for issuance under the 2011 Plan. In addition, shares previously available for grant under the 2005 Plan, but not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the 2005 Plan as of July 19, 2011, and shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2005 Plan that subsequently cease to be subject to such awards (other than by reason of exercise of the awards) are available for grant under the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan is administered by the compensation committee of the board of directors. Under the terms of the 2011 Plan, the compensation committee may grant equity awards, including incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units or restricted units to employees, officers, directors, consultants, agents, advisors and independent contractors. The compensation committee has also authorized certain senior executive officers to grant equity awards under the 2011 Plan, within limits prescribed by the compensation committee.

 

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Options under the 2011 Plan are granted with an exercise price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant, with the exception of substituted option awards granted in connection with acquisitions, and are exercisable at such times and under such conditions as determined by the compensation committee. Under the 2011 Plan, the maximum term of an option is ten years from the date of grant. Any portion of an option that is not vested and exercisable on the date of a participant’s termination of service expires on such date. Employees generally forfeit their rights to exercise vested options after 3 months following their termination of employment or 12 months in the event of termination by reason of death, disability or retirement. Options granted under the 2011 Plan are typically granted with seven-year terms and typically vest 25% after 12 months and ratably thereafter over the next 36 months, though certain options have been granted with longer terms and vesting schedules.

Trulia 2005 Stock Plan

Trulia granted options under the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, “the 2005 Plan”) until September 2012 when the 2005 Plan was terminated. Stock options issued prior to the plan termination continue to be outstanding in accordance with their terms. Under the terms of the 2005 Plan, Trulia had the ability to grant incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. Options granted under the 2005 Plan generally vest at a rate of 25% after 12 months and ratably thereafter over the next 36 months and expire 10 years from the grant date. Certain options vest monthly over two to four years.

Trulia 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated

On September 19, 2012, Trulia’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) became effective. The 2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants. Upon adoption of the 2012 Plan, a total of 2,370,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance (subsequently increased in 2013 by 2,000,000 shares) plus up to 1,000,000 shares from the expiration or termination of awards under the 2005 Plan. The shares available are increased at the beginning of each fiscal year beginning in 2014 by the least of (i) 2,100,000 shares, (ii) 4% of outstanding Trulia common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such number determined by Trulia’s board of directors. Under the 2012 Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The plan administrator determines the vesting period for each option award on the grant date, and the options generally expire 10 years from the grant date or such shorter term as may be determined for the options.

Market Leader Amended and Restated 2004 Equity Incentive Plan

In connection with Trulia’s acquisition of Market Leader in 2013, Trulia assumed Market Leader’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”), including all outstanding shares of restricted stock, all outstanding stock appreciation rights, all outstanding options, and all shares available for future issuance under the 2004 Plan. Trulia granted equity awards, to the extent permissible by applicable law and New York Stock Exchange rules, under the 2004 Plan until it expired on December 9, 2014. The equity awards issued prior to the 2004 Plan’s expiration continue to be outstanding in accordance with their terms.

 

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Option Awards and Stock Appreciation Rights

The following table summarizes option award and stock appreciation rights activity for the year ended December 31, 2014 and the three months ended March 31, 2015:

 

     Number
of Shares
Subject to
Existing
Options and
Stock
Appreciation
Rights
     Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
     Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
thousands)
 

Outstanding at January 1, 2014

     5,156,706       $ 27.09         5.43       $ 283,009   

Granted

     2,219,458         97.06         

Exercised

     (1,323,509      18.08         

Forfeited or cancelled

     (252,891      62.76         
  

 

 

          

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

  5,799,764      54.37      5.32      311,040   

Assumed in connection with February 2015 acquisition of Trulia

  1,053,255      41.37   

Granted

  2,625,352      102.48   

Exercised

  (391,466   23.38   

Forfeited or cancelled

  (74,846   68.40   
  

 

 

          

Outstanding at March 31, 2015

  9,012,059      68.10      6.14      312,889   

Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2015

  2,621,756      30.99      3.84      182,024   

The fair value of options granted, excluding options granted under the Stock Option Grant Program for Nonemployee Directors (“Nonemployee Director Awards”) and certain options granted to the Company’s executives during the three months ended March 31, 2015 (“Executive Awards”), is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, assuming no dividends and with the following assumptions for the periods presented:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2015   2014

Expected volatility

   56%   53%

Expected dividend yields

    

Risk-free interest rate

   1.24%   1.37%

Weighted-average expected life

   4.58 years   4.58 years

Weighted-average fair value of options granted

   $47.57   $36.93

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, option awards for a total of 1,150,000 shares of our Class A common stock were granted to certain of the Company’s executive officers as Executive Awards. The fair value of the option awards is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, assuming no dividends, expected volatility of 52%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.76% and a weighted-average expected life of 6.8 years. The grant date fair value of the option awards is approximately $62.8 million. One-sixteenth of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date. An additional 1/192nd of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable monthly thereafter over the next three years so that this portion of the award will be vested and exercisable four years from the vesting commencement date. One-sixteenth of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable on the two-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date. An additional 1/192nd of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable monthly thereafter over the next three years so that this portion of the award will be vested and exercisable five years from the vesting commencement date. One-sixteenth of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable on the three-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date. An additional 1/192nd of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable monthly thereafter over the next three years so that this portion of the award will be vested and exercisable six years from the vesting commencement date. One-sixteenth of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable on the four-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date. An additional 1/192nd of the total number of shares subject to the option awards will vest and become exercisable monthly thereafter over the next three years so that this portion of the award will be vested and exercisable seven years from the vesting commencement date. The option awards have a ten-year term. A total of 650,000 shares subject to the Executive Awards are subject to shareholder approval of a share increase under the 2011 Plan at the 2015 annual meeting of our shareholders, and no portion of these option awards are exercisable until such shareholder approval has been obtained. However, for purposes of determining the grant date for financial accounting purposes, shareholder approval is deemed to be a formality or perfunctory because Zillow Group’s co-founders control enough votes to ensure shareholder approval.

In the three months ended March 31, 2015, option awards for an aggregate of 15,725 shares of our Class A common stock were granted as Nonemployee Director Awards, which are fully vested and exercisable on the date of grant. The fair value of options granted for the Nonemployee Director Awards, $47.70 per share, is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton

 

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option-pricing model, assuming no dividends, expected volatility of 57%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.01%, and a weighted-average expected life of 3.5 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, share-based compensation expense recognized in our statement of operations related to Nonemployee Director Awards was $0.8 million, and is included in general and administrative expenses.

As of March 31, 2015, there was a total of $216.0 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and stock appreciation rights.

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table summarizes restricted stock award activity for the year ended December 31, 2014 and the three months ended March 31, 2015:

 

     Shares of
Restricted Stock
     Weighted-
Average Grant-
Date Fair
Value
 

Unvested outstanding at January 1, 2014

     230,127       $ 30.43   

Granted

     3,255         80.91   

Vested

     (146,547      30.48   

Forfeited or cancelled

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

Unvested outstanding at December 31, 2014

  86,835      32.25   

Granted

  1,391      121.35   

Vested

  (10,910   44.39   

Forfeited or cancelled

  —        —     
  

 

 

    

Unvested outstanding at March 31, 2015

  77,316      32.14   
  

 

 

    

The fair value of the outstanding shares of restricted stock awards will be recorded as share-based compensation expense over the vesting period. As of March 31, 2015, there was $1.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes activity for restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2014 and the three months ended March 31, 2015:

 

     Restricted Stock
Units
     Weighted-
Average Grant-
Date Fair
Value
 

Unvested outstanding at January 1, 2014

     121,123       $ 64.07   

Granted

     102,264         102.95   

Vested

     (64,935      76.28   

Forfeited or cancelled

     (32,850      72.40   
  

 

 

    

Unvested outstanding at December 31, 2014

  125,602      85.67   

Assumed in connection with February 2015 acquisition of Trulia

  1,266,319      109.14   

Granted

  34,799      108.57   

Vested

  (24,345   80.06   

Forfeited or cancelled

  (30,253   95.48   
  

 

 

    

Unvested outstanding at March 31, 2015

  1,372,122      107.77   
  

 

 

    

In February 2015, pursuant to the terms of a Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement entered into between Zillow Group and an employee, Zillow Group granted to the employee restricted stock units for a total of 27,359 shares of our Class A common stock. For 16,734 of the restricted stock units, 25% of such restricted stock unit award will vest on February 17, 2016, and the remainder will vest in substantially equal installments each three-month period thereafter for three years, subject to the recipient’s continued full-time employment or service to Zillow Group. For 10,625 of the restricted stock units, one-eighth of such restricted stock unit award will vest on August 17, 2015, and the remainder will vest in substantially equal installments each three-month period thereafter for three and a half years, subject to the recipient’s continued full-time employment or service to Zillow Group. In the event of termination of service or employment by Zillow Group without cause or upon the resignation by such employee for good reason, the employee will receive an additional 12 months’ accelerated vesting of the then outstanding restricted stock units, except that in the event of such a termination in connection with a change in control, the employee will receive an

 

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additional 50% accelerated vesting of the then outstanding restricted stock units. The employee will be entitled to receive one share of Zillow Group’s Class A common stock for each then outstanding restricted stock unit that becomes vested. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock units is approximately $3.0 million.

The fair value of the outstanding restricted stock units will be recorded as share-based compensation expense over the vesting period. As of March 31, 2015, there was $107.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the effects of share-based compensation in our statements of operations during the periods presented (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

Cost of revenue

   $ 952       $ 373   

Sales and marketing

     4,209         1,303   

Technology and development

     5,766         2,025   

General and administrative

     12,080         3,431   

Restructuring costs

     10,420         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 33,427    $ 7,132   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2015, approximately $0.7 million, $0.6 million, and $5.0 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense is included in sales and marketing expenses, technology and development expenses, and general and administrative expenses related to change in control equity acceleration for certain executives of Trulia pursuant to Zillow Group’s February 2015 restructuring plan (see Note 15). Certain executives of Trulia are entitled to partial and/or full “double trigger” equity acceleration upon a termination without “cause” or a resignation for “good reason,” each within twelve months of the mergers, pursuant to pre-existing offer letters and/or equity award agreements entered into with Trulia.

 

Note 13. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares (including Class A common stock and Class B common stock) outstanding during the period. In the calculation of basic net loss per share, undistributed earnings are allocated assuming all earnings during the period were distributed.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares (including Class A common stock and Class B common stock) outstanding during the period and potentially dilutive Class A common stock equivalents, except in cases where the effect of the Class A common stock equivalent would be antidilutive. Potential Class A common stock equivalents consist of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and Class A common stock underlying unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units using the treasury stock method.

For the periods presented, the following Class A common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculations of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of option awards and stock appreciation rights

     2,746         2,959   

Class A common stock underlying unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units

     383         97   

Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2020 Notes

     2,843         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Class A common stock equivalents

  5,972      3,056   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In the event of liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of the Company, the holders of all classes of common stock have equal rights to receive all the assets of the Company after the rights of the holders of preferred stock have been satisfied. We have not presented net income (loss) per share under the two-class method for our Class A common stock and Class B common stock because it would be the same for each class due to equal dividend and liquidation rights for each class.

 

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Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

We have various operating leases for office space and equipment.

Seattle, Washington

In March 2011, we entered into a lease agreement for office space that houses our corporate headquarters in Seattle (as amended from time to time, the “Seattle Lease”). Pursuant to the terms of the Seattle Lease, we lease a total of approximately 201,000 square feet, and we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments that began in December 2012 and continue through December 2024. In November 2014, we entered into a lease amendment under which we will lease approximately an additional 68,000 square feet of office space, which we begin to take possession of in 2017 under the same terms and conditions.

San Francisco, California

In connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we assumed a lease agreement for office space in San Francisco (as amended from time to time, the “San Francisco Lease”), which houses Trulia’s corporate headquarters and beginning in March 2015, also houses Zillow’s personnel located in San Francisco. Pursuant to the terms of the San Francisco Lease, we lease a total of approximately 79,000 square feet, and we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments that began in November 2014 and continue through September 2023. In July 2014, Trulia entered into a lease amendment under which we will lease an additional 26,620 square feet of office space commencing in October 2015 under the same terms and conditions.

In November 2012, we entered into an operating lease in San Francisco, California for 18,353 square feet under which we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments which began in December 2012 and continue through November 2018. In March 2015, we ceased use of this space in connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia and recorded an estimated restructuring charge of approximately $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 (see Note 15).

New York, New York

In February 2014, we entered into an operating lease in New York (as amended from time to time, the “New York Lease”). Pursuant to the terms of the New York Lease, we lease a total of approximately 39,900 square feet, and we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments that began in August 2014 and continue through November 2024.

Denver, Colorado

In connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we assumed a lease agreement for office space in Denver. Pursuant to the terms of the lease, we lease a total of approximately 65,000 square feet, and we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments that began in November 2014 and continue through October 2021.

Bellevue, Washington

In connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we assumed a lease agreement for office space in Bellevue. Pursuant to the terms of the lease, we lease a total of approximately 72,000 square feet, and we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments that began in October 2014 and continue through September 2021. We currently utilize approximately half of the total square feet available in Bellevue and expect to secure a sublease on the remaining half of the total square feet in 2015 (see Note 15).

Irvine, California

In April 2012, we entered into a lease agreement for office space in Irvine (as amended from time to time, the “Irvine Lease”). Pursuant to the terms of the Irvine Lease, we lease a total of approximately 60,000 square feet under which we are obligated to make escalating monthly lease payments which began in August 2012 and continue through July 2022.

We lease additional office space in Chicago, Illinois, Lincoln, Nebraska, New York, New York and Vancouver, British Columbia. We believe our facilities are sufficient for our current needs.

Future minimum payments for all operating leases as of March 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

 

Remainder of 2015

$ 13,046   

2016

  20,056   

2017

  24,033   

2018

  27,206   

2019

  23,734   

All future years

  103,393   
  

 

 

 

Total future minimum lease payments

$ 211,468   
  

 

 

 

Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $3.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

 

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Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2015, we had non-cancelable purchase commitments for content related to our mobile applications and websites totaling $117.5 million. The amounts due for this content as of March 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

 

Remainder of 2015

$ 23,728   

2016

  28,570   

2017

  34,701   

2018

  14,000   

2019

  6,000   

All future years

  10,500   
  

 

 

 

Total future purchase commitments

$ 117,499   
  

 

 

 

Letters of Credit

As of March 31, 2015, we have outstanding letters of credit of approximately $3.8 million, $1.8 million, $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, which secure our lease obligations in connection with the operating leases of our San Francisco, Seattle, Bellevue, New York and Denver office spaces. Certain of the letters of credit are unsecured obligations, and certain of the letters of credit are secured by certificates of deposit held as collateral in our name at a financial institution. The secured letters of credit are classified as restricted cash in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Surety Bonds

In the course of business, we are required to provide financial commitments in the form of surety bonds to third parties as a guarantee of our performance on and our compliance with certain obligations. If we were to fail to perform or comply with these obligations, any draws upon surety bonds issued on our behalf would then trigger our payment obligation to the surety bond issuer. We have outstanding surety bonds issued for our benefit of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2015. There were no surety bonds outstanding as of December 31, 2014.

Legal Proceedings

In March 2010, Smarter Agent, LLC (“Smarter Agent”) filed a complaint against us and multiple other defendants, including HotPads, Inc. (“HotPads”), for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint alleges, among other things, that our mobile technology infringes three patents held by Smarter Agent purporting to cover: a “Global positioning-based real estate database access device and method,” a “Position-based information access device and method” and a “Position-based information access device and method of searching,” and seeks an injunction against the alleged infringing activities and an unspecified award for damages. In November 2010, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted our petition for re-examination of the three patents-in-suit, and, to date, all claims of all three patents remain rejected in the re-examination proceedings, including through appeals to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board. In March 2011, the court granted a stay of the litigation pending the completion of the re-examination proceedings. In addition, in October 2011, Smarter Agent filed a substantially similar complaint against Diverse Solutions, Inc. (“Diverse Solutions”), StreetEasy, and other defendants, for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. On October 31, 2011, we acquired substantially all of the operating assets and certain liabilities of Diverse Solutions, including the Smarter Agent complaint against Diverse Solutions. On December 14, 2012, we acquired HotPads, and took responsibility for the Smarter Agent complaint against HotPads. On August 26, 2013, we acquired StreetEasy, and took responsibility for the Smarter Agent complaint against StreetEasy. We have not recorded an accrual related to these complaints as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014, as we do not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

In September 2010, LendingTree, LLC (“LendingTree”) filed a complaint against us for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina. The complaint alleged, among other things, that our website technology infringes two patents purporting to cover a “Method and computer network for coordinating a loan over the internet.” The complaint sought, among other things, a judgment that we infringed certain patents held by LendingTree, an injunction against the alleged infringing activities and an award for damages. We denied the allegations and asserted defenses and counterclaims seeking declarations that we are not infringing the patents and that the patents are invalid. In March 2014, a federal jury found that Zillow does not infringe the patents and that the patents asserted by LendingTree are invalid. In April, 2014, LendingTree filed two motions for judgment as a matter of law and for a new trial, all of which we opposed. In October 2014, the Court issued an order upholding the jury verdict and denying LendingTree’s motions. In November 2014, LendingTree filed a notice of appeal. We have not recorded an accrual related to this complaint as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014, as we do not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

In November 2012, a securities class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington at Seattle against us and certain of our executive officers seeking unspecified damages. A consolidated amended complaint was filed

 

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in June 2013. The complaint purports to state claims for violations of federal securities laws on behalf of a class of those who purchased our common stock between February 15, 2012 and November 6, 2012. The complaint generally alleges, among other things, that during the period between February 15, 2012 and November 6, 2012, we issued materially false and misleading statements regarding our business practices and financial results. In August 2013, we moved to dismiss the lawsuit. On October 20, 2014, the Court issued an order granting our motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint with prejudice. Also on October 20, 2014, the Court entered a judgment dismissing the complaint with prejudice. On November 19, 2014, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the October 20, 2014 judgment of dismissal with prejudice. Pursuant to stipulation of the parties, the appeal was dismissed with prejudice on March 24, 2015. We have not recorded an accrual related to this lawsuit as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014, as we do not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

In March 2014, Move, Inc., the National Association of Realtors and three related entities, filed a complaint against us and Errol Samuelson, our Chief Industry Development Officer, in the Superior Court of the State of Washington in King County, alleging, among other things, that Zillow and Mr. Samuelson misappropriated plaintiffs’ trade secrets in connection with Mr. Samuelson joining Zillow in March 2014. The complaint seeks, among other things, an injunction against the alleged misappropriations and Mr. Samuelson working for us, as well as unspecified damages. In April 2014, the court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction prohibiting Mr. Samuelson from working for us. Plaintiffs renewed their motion for a preliminary injunction and on September 30, 2014, the court granted that request and entered a preliminary injunction. Zillow filed a motion requesting that the court reconsider that decision, which the court denied. On September 22, 2014, Zillow filed a notice for discretionary review by the Washington Court of Appeals, followed by a motion for discretionary review on October 7, 2014. Samuelson also filed a motion for discretionary review. Zillow’s and Samuelson’s motions for discretionary review were granted on November 19, 2014. On January 26, 2015, the plaintiffs filed a contempt motion for alleged violation of the preliminary injunction, which Zillow and Samuelson opposed. On February 3, 2015, the parties entered into a stipulation, later adopted by order of the court that Zillow and Samuelson shall withdraw the appeal and the last of the terms of the preliminary injunction will expire on March 22, 2015. The trial date was also extended to October 26, 2015. On February 11, 2015, the Superior Court issued an Order to Show Cause regarding plaintiffs’ contempt motion and set a schedule for discovery, briefing and a hearing. In February 2015, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint that, among other things, added Curt Beardsley, our Vice President of MLS Partnerships, as a defendant in the matter. On March 27, 2015, the parties entered into a stipulation, later adopted by order of the court, that plaintiffs shall withdraw their request that the Superior Court find Zillow and Mr. Samuelson in contempt of the preliminary injunction. We deny the allegations of any wrongdoing and intend to vigorously defend the claims in the lawsuit. We have not recorded an accrual related to these complaints as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014, as we do not believe a material loss is probable. It is a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred; however, the possible loss or range of loss is not estimable.

In August 2014, four purported class action lawsuits were filed by plaintiffs against Trulia and its directors, Zillow, and Zebra Holdco, Inc. in connection with Zillow’s proposed acquisition of Trulia. One of those purported class actions, captioned Collier et al. v. Trulia, Inc., et al., was brought in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Francisco, however on October 7, 2014, plaintiff in the Collier action filed a new complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery alleging substantially the same claims and seeking substantially the same relief as the original complaint filed in California. On October 8, 2014, plaintiff in the Collier action filed a request for dismissal of the California case without prejudice. The other three of the purported class action lawsuits, captioned Shue et al. v. Trulia, Inc., et al., Sciabacucci et al. v. Trulia, Inc., et al., and Steinberg et al. v. Trulia, Inc. et al., were brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery. All four lawsuits allege that Trulia’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to Trulia stockholders, and that the other defendants aided and abetted such breaches, by seeking to sell Trulia through an allegedly unfair process and for an unfair price and on unfair terms. All lawsuits seek, among other things, equitable relief that would enjoin the consummation of Zillow’s proposed acquisition of Trulia and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Delaware actions also seek rescission of the Merger Agreement (to the extent it has already been implemented) or rescissory damages and orders directing the defendants to account for alleged damages suffered by the plaintiffs and the purported class as a result of the defendants’ alleged wrongdoing. On September 24, 2014, plaintiff in the Sciabacucci action filed (1) a motion for expedited proceedings, (2) a motion for a preliminary injunction, (3) a request for production of documents from defendants, and (4) notice of depositions. On October 13, 2014, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued an order consolidating all of the Delaware actions into one matter captioned In re Trulia, Inc. Stockholder Litigation. On October 13 and 14, 2014, the above-referenced motions were refiled under the consolidated case number. On November 14, 2014, plaintiffs again refiled their motion for a preliminary injunction challenging the proposed acquisition. On November 19, 2014, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding, documenting the agreement-in-principle for the settlement of the consolidated litigation, pursuant to which Trulia agreed to make certain supplemental disclosures in a Form 8-K. The Memorandum of Understanding was filed with the Chancery Court that same day. The parties have concluded confirmatory discovery and are negotiating a stipulation of settlement. We have not recorded an accrual related to these lawsuits as of March 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014, as we do not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

In addition to the matters discussed above, from time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although we cannot be certain of the outcome of any litigation and claims, nor the amount of damages and exposure that we could incur, we currently believe that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

 

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Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we agree to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements and out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have agreements that indemnify certain issuers of surety bonds against losses that they may incur as a result of executing surety bonds on our behalf. For our indemnification arrangements, payment may be conditional on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract. Further, our obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or amount, and in some instances, we may have recourse against third parties for certain payments. In addition, we have indemnification agreements with certain of our directors and executive officers that require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The terms of such obligations may vary.

 

Note 15. Restructuring

On February 17, 2015, in connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Zillow Group undertook a restructuring plan that will result in a total workforce reduction of nearly 350 employees, primarily to eliminate overlapping positions in the sales and marketing functions related to Trulia’s workforce at its Bellevue, Denver, New York and San Francisco locations. The restructuring plan is a result of the integration of Trulia’s business and operations with and into Zillow Group’s business. Employees directly affected by the restructuring plan have been or will be provided with severance payments, stock vesting acceleration and outplacement assistance. Zillow Group expects to complete the restructuring by the end of 2015. As a result of the restructuring plan, Zillow Group recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $25.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, including approximately $9.1 million for severance and other personnel related expenses, approximately $5.5 million for contract termination costs associated with certain operating leases, and approximately $10.4 million of non-cash expenses relating to stock vesting acceleration or a reduced remaining requisite service period, for which share-based compensation expense is recognized over the remaining requisite service period, which in some cases may result in immediate expense recognition if no substantive future service is required. Zillow Group recognized certain contract termination costs primarily associated with Trulia’s Bellevue operating lease, as well as Zillow’s San Francisco operating lease, as Zillow’s employees in San Francisco were relocated into Trulia’s San Francisco office space. The restructuring costs for contract termination costs include approximately $4.0 million primarily related to the write-off of certain leasehold improvements.

In connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we also assumed certain restructuring reserves due to Trulia’s restructuring that commenced in June 2014 as an ongoing effort to fully integrate Market leader’s operations. The Market Leader restructuring resulted in a reduction of headcount of approximately 80 employees in 2014, as well as the recognition of certain contract termination costs associated with Trulia’s Bellevue and Denver operating leases.

A summary of accrued restructuring costs as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2015 is shown in the table below (in thousands):

 

     One -Time
Termination
Benefits
     Contract
Termination
Costs
     Other
Associated
Costs
     Total  

Restructuring reserves assumed in connection with

           

February 2015 acquisition of Trulia

   $ 81       $ 2,544       $ 136       $ 2,761   

Restructuring costs

     9,015         1,319         110         10,444   

Cash payments

     (2,612      (387      (375      (3,374

Change in estimate

     (67      —           137         70   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accrued restructuring costs as of March 31, 2015

$ 6,417    $ 3,476    $ 8    $ 9,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The restructuring reserves, which total $9.9 million as of March 31, 2015, are recorded as part of accrued restructuring costs and deferred tax liabilities and other long-term liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

We expect to record an additional $5.0 million to $6.5 million of restructuring costs, most of which we expect to incur by the end of 2015.

 

Note 16. Related Party Transactions

In February 2015, we paid approximately $0.3 million in filing fees directly to the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), on behalf of and in connection with filings made by Mr. Richard Barton, our Executive Chairman, under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (“HSR Act”), which filings were required due to Mr. Barton’s ownership of Zillow, Inc.’s common stock. Also, in February 2015, we paid approximately $0.1 million in filing fees directly to the FTC, on behalf of and in connection with a filing made by Mr. Lloyd Frink, our Vice Chairman and President, under the HSR Act, which filing was required due to Mr. Frink’s ownership of Zillow, Inc.’s common stock.

 

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Note 17. Self-Insurance

We are self-insured for a portion of our medical and dental coverage for certain employees of Trulia. The medical plan carries a stop-loss policy, which will protect from individual claims during the plan year exceeding $100,000 or when cumulative medical claims exceed 125% of expected claims for the plan year. We record estimates of the total costs of claims incurred based on an analysis of historical data and independent estimates. Our liability for self-insured medical and dental claims is included within accrued compensation and benefits in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and was $0.7 million as of March 31, 2015. We did not have any self-insurance prior to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia.

 

Note 18. Employee Benefit Plan

Effective January 1, 2015, Zillow Group established a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan covering employees who have met certain eligibility requirements (“the Zillow Group 401(k) Plan”). In addition, in connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, we adopted a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan that covers Trulia and Market Leader employees who have met certain eligibility requirements (“the Trulia 401(k) Plan”). Eligible employees under each of the plans may contribute pretax compensation up to a maximum amount allowable under the Internal Revenue Service limitations. Employee contributions and earnings thereon vest immediately. We currently match up to 1.5% of employee contributions under the Zillow Group 401(k) Plan and up to 4% of employee contributions under the Trulia 401(k) Plan. The total expense related to defined contribution 401(k) retirement plans was $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. We did not have any expense related to defined contribution 401(k) retirement plans for the three months ended March 31, 2014.

 

Note 19. Segment Information and Revenue

We have one reportable segment. Our reportable segment has been identified based on how our chief operating decision-maker manages our business, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. The chief executive officer acts as the chief operating decision-maker and reviews financial and operational information on an entity-wide basis. We have one business activity and there are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components. Accordingly, we have determined that we have a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.

The chief executive officer reviews information about revenue categories, including marketplace revenue and display revenue. The following table presents our revenue categories during the periods presented (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

Marketplace revenue:

     

Real estate

   $ 93,312       $ 46,595   

Mortgages

     9,558         7,129   

Market Leader

     6,057           
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Marketplace revenue

  108,927      53,724   

Display revenue

  18,346      12,519   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

$ 127,273    $ 66,243   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Note 20. Subsequent Events

In April 2015, Zillow Group granted to certain employees of Trulia retention restricted stock units for a total of 105,358 shares of our Class A common stock, of which 12.5% of the retention restricted stock units vest approximately 6 months after the vesting commencement date of February 18, 2015, and the remaining retention restricted stock units vest quarterly thereafter for approximately 3.5 years, subject to the recipient’s continued full-time employment or service to Zillow Group. The total grant date fair value of the retention restricted stock units is approximately $10.2 million.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Statements containing words such as “may,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projections,” “business outlook,” “estimate,” or similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including in the section titled “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and also those factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors).

Overview

Zillow Group, Inc. operates the leading real estate and home-related information marketplaces on mobile and the Web, with a complementary portfolio of brands and products to help people find vital information about homes and connect with local professionals. Zillow Group’s brands focus on all stages of the home lifecycle: renting, buying, selling, financing and home improvement. The Zillow Group portfolio of consumer brands includes real estate and rental marketplaces Zillow, Trulia, StreetEasy and HotPads. In addition, Zillow Group works with tens of thousands of real estate agents, lenders and rental professionals, helping maximize business opportunities and connect to millions of consumers. We also own and operate a number of brands for real estate, rental and mortgage professionals, including Postlets, Mortech, Diverse Solutions, Market Leader and Retsly.

Our living database of more than 110 million U.S. homes—homes for sale, homes for rent and homes not currently on the market—attracts an active and vibrant community of users. Individuals and businesses that use Zillow’s mobile applications and websites have updated information on more than 55 million homes and added more than 278 million home photos, creating exclusive home profiles not available anywhere else. These profiles include detailed information about homes, including property facts, listing information and purchase and sale data. We provide this information to our users where, when and how they want it, through our industry-leading mobile applications that enable consumers to access our information when they are curbside, viewing homes, and through our websites. Using complex, proprietary automated valuation models, we provide current home value estimates, including Zestimates and Trulia Estimates, and current rental price estimates, or Rent Zestimates, on more than 100 million U.S. homes.

We generate revenue from the sale of advertising services and our suite of tools to businesses and professionals primarily associated with the real estate, rental and mortgage industries. These professionals include local real estate and rental professionals, mortgage professionals and brand advertisers. Our two revenue categories are marketplace revenue and display revenue.

Marketplace revenue consists of real estate, mortgages, and Market Leader revenue. Real estate revenue primarily includes revenue from the sale of advertising services and a suite of tools sold to real estate professionals, as well as revenue generated by Zillow Rentals, which includes our rentals marketplace and suite of tools for rental professionals. Mortgages revenue primarily includes advertising sold to mortgage lenders through our Zillow Mortgages mobile applications and website, as well as revenue generated by Mortech, which provides subscription-based mortgage software solutions, including a product and pricing engine and lead management platform. Market Leader revenue primarily includes a comprehensive premium software-as-a-service based marketing product typically sold to real estate professionals as a bundle of products under a fixed fee subscription.

Display revenue primarily consists of graphical mobile and web advertising sold on a cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”) or cost-per-click (“CPC”) basis to advertisers promoting their brands on our mobile applications and websites and our partner websites. Impressions are delivered when a sold advertisement appears on pages viewed by users of our mobile applications and websites.

Effective February 17, 2015, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of July 28, 2014 (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among Zillow, Inc. (“Zillow”), Zillow Group, and Trulia, Inc. (“Trulia”), Zillow Group acquired Trulia, and Zillow and Trulia became wholly owned subsidiaries of Zillow Group (the “Trulia acquisition”). We have included Trulia in Zillow Group’s results of operations prospectively after February 17, 2015, the date of acquisition. Because the Trulia acquisition occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the information presented in this section with respect to the three months ended March 31, 2015 relates to Zillow Group, and the information presented in this section with respect to the prior-year period relates to Zillow on a standalone basis. As a result, comparisons to the prior-year period may not be indicative of future results or future rates of growth.

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we generated revenue of $127.3 million, as compared to $66.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of 92%. This increase was primarily the result of a 95% increase in our Agent Advertisers to 103,415 as of March 31, 2015 from 52,968 as of March 31, 2014, as well as significant growth in traffic to our mobile applications and websites. There were approximately 109.9 million average monthly unique users of our mobile applications and websites for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 70.7 million average monthly unique users for the three months ended March 31, 2014, representing year-over-year growth of 56%. The increase in the number of Agent Advertisers and growth in traffic was due in part to the inclusion of Trulia after February 17, 2015.

 

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In addition, mortgages revenue increased $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2014, or 34%. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in the number of loan requests submitted by consumers in Zillow Mortgages. There were approximately 13.0 million mortgage loan requests submitted by consumers for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 5.9 million mortgage loan requests submitted by consumers for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of 122%. The increased number of loan requests submitted by consumers in Zillow Mortgages was due in part to the inclusion of Trulia after February 17, 2015.

Market Leader revenue was $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 due to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia.

As of March 31, 2015, we had 2,062 full-time employees, compared to 1,215 full-time employees as of December 31, 2014. The increase in the number of full-time employees was due in part to the inclusion of Trulia after February 17, 2015.

Acquisition of Trulia, Inc.

Effective February 17, 2015, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, following the consummation of the mergers contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Mergers”), each of Zillow and Trulia became wholly owned subsidiaries of Zillow Group. Upon completion of the Mergers, each share of Class A common stock of Zillow (other than shares held by Zillow as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Trulia, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Class A common stock of Zillow Group, each share of Class B common stock of Zillow (other than shares held by Zillow as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Trulia, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive one share of fully paid and nonassessable Class B common stock of Zillow Group, and each share of Trulia common stock (other than shares held by Trulia as treasury stock or by Zillow Group, Zillow, or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Zillow or Trulia) was converted into the right to receive 0.444 of a share of fully paid and nonassessable Class A Common Stock of Zillow Group.

The total purchase price of Trulia was approximately $2.0 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, Zillow Group incurred a total of $12.5 million in acquisition-related costs related to the Trulia transaction, which includes $9.1 million of investment banking fees. We have included Trulia’s results of operations prospectively after February 17, 2015, the date of acquisition. For additional information regarding the transaction with Trulia, see Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

On February 17, 2015, in connection with the Mergers, Zillow Group undertook a restructuring plan that will result in a total workforce reduction of nearly 350 employees, primarily to eliminate overlapping positions in the sales and marketing functions related to Trulia’s workforce at its Bellevue, Denver, New York and San Francisco locations. The restructuring plan is a result of the integration of Trulia’s business and operations with and into Zillow Group’s business. Employees directly affected by the restructuring plan have been or will be provided with severance payments, stock vesting acceleration and outplacement assistance. Zillow Group expects to complete the restructuring by the end of 2015. As a result of the restructuring plan, Zillow Group recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $25.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, including approximately $9.1 million for severance and other personnel related expenses, approximately $5.5 million for contract termination costs associated with certain operating leases, and approximately $10.4 million of non-cash expenses relating to stock vesting acceleration or a reduced remaining requisite service period. Zillow Group recognized certain contract termination costs primarily associated with Trulia’s Bellevue operating lease, as well as Zillow’s San Francisco operating lease, as Zillow’s employees in San Francisco were relocated into Trulia’s San Francisco office space. The restructuring costs for contract termination costs include approximately $4.0 million primarily related to the write-off of certain leasehold improvements. For additional information regarding the restructuring, see Note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Convertible Senior Notes

In connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Zillow Group entered into a supplemental indenture in respect of Trulia’s Convertible Senior Notes due in 2020 (the “2020 Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million, which supplemental indenture provides, among other things, that, at the effective time of the Mergers, (i) each outstanding 2020 Note is no longer convertible into shares of Trulia common stock and is convertible solely into shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock, pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms of the indenture governing the 2020 Notes, and (ii) Zillow Group guaranteed all of the obligations of Trulia under the 2020 Notes and related indenture. The aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes is due on December 15, 2020 if not earlier converted or redeemed. Interest is payable on the 2020 Notes at the rate of 2.75% semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

Holders of the 2020 Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. In connection with the supplemental indenture in respect of the 2020 Notes, the conversion ratio immediately prior to the effective time of the Mergers of 27.8303 shares of Trulia common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes has been adjusted to 12.3567 shares of our Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes based on the exchange ratio of 0.444 per the Merger Agreement. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $80.93 per share of our Class A common stock.

 

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We may not redeem the 2020 Notes prior to December 20, 2018. We may redeem the 2020 Notes, at our option, in whole or in part on or after December 20, 2018, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period.

For additional information regarding the 2020 Notes, see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Key Growth Drivers

To analyze our business performance, determine financial forecasts and help develop long-term strategic plans, we frequently review the following key growth drivers:

Unique Users

Measuring unique users is important to us because our marketplace revenue depends in part on our ability to enable real estate, rental and mortgage professionals to connect with our users, and our display revenue depends in part on the number of impressions delivered. Furthermore, our community of users improves the quality of our living database of homes with their contributions. We count a unique user the first time an individual accesses our mobile applications using a mobile device during a calendar month and the first time an individual accesses one of our websites using a web browser during a calendar month. If an individual accesses our mobile applications using different mobile devices within a given month, the first instance of access by each such mobile device is counted as a separate unique user. If an individual accesses our websites using different web browsers within a given month, the first access by each such web browser is counted as a separate unique user. If an individual accesses more than one of our websites in a single month, the first access to each website is counted as a separate unique user since unique users are tracked separately for each domain. Zillow measures unique users with Google Analytics and Trulia measures unique users with Omniture analytical tools. Beginning on February 17, 2015, the reported monthly unique users reflect the effect of Zillow Group’s February 17, 2015 acquisition of Trulia.

 

     Average Monthly Unique
Users for the Three
Months Ended March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands)         

Unique Users

     109,912         70,668         56

Agent Advertisers

The number of Agent Advertisers is an important driver of revenue growth because each advertiser pays us a fee to purchase advertising services. We define an Agent Advertiser as a real estate professional with an active advertising contract at the end of a period. Beginning on February 17, 2015, the reported Agent Advertisers reflect the effect of Zillow Group’s February 17, 2015 acquisition of Trulia. If a real estate professional has an active advertising contract for both our Zillow Premier Agent and Trulia agent advertising products, the professional is counted as one Agent Advertiser. The number of Agent Advertisers excludes all users of our Market Leader products.

 

     At March 31,      2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     

Agent Advertisers

     103,415         52,968         95

Basis of Presentation

Revenue

We generate revenue from the sale of advertising services and our suite of tools to businesses and professionals primarily associated with the real estate and mortgage industries. These professionals include local real estate and rental professionals, mortgage professionals and brand advertisers. Our two revenue categories are marketplace revenue and display revenue.

Marketplace Revenue. Marketplace revenue consists of real estate, mortgages, and Market Leader revenue.

Real estate revenue primarily includes revenue from advertising and a suite of tools sold to real estate professionals, as well as revenue generated by Zillow Rentals, which includes our rentals marketplace and suite of tools for rental professionals.

Our Zillow Premier Agent program, which is included in real estate revenue, offers a suite of marketing and business technology solutions to help real estate agents grow their businesses and personal brands. The Premier Agent program allows agents to select products and services that they can tailor to meet their business and advertising needs. The program has three tiers of

 

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participation including Premier Platinum, our flagship product, as well as Premier Gold and Premier Silver, to meet different marketing and business needs of a broad range of agents. All tiers of Premier Agents receive access to a dashboard portal on our website that provides individualized program performance analytics, as well as our personalized website service, and our free customer relationship management, or CRM, tool that captures detailed information about each contact made with a Premier Agent through our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Gold product also includes featured listings whereby the agent’s listings will appear at the top of search results on our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Platinum product includes the dashboard portal on our website, our personalized website service, our CRM tool, featured listings, and inclusion on our buyer’s agent list, whereby the agent appears as the agent to contact for listings in the purchased zip code. We charge for our Platinum Premier Agent product based on the number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list in zip codes purchased and a contracted maximum cost per impression. Our Platinum Premier Agent product includes multiple deliverables which are accounted for as a single unit of accounting, as the delivery or performance of the undelivered elements is based on traffic to our mobile applications and websites. We recognize revenue related to our impression-based Platinum Premier Agent product based on the lesser of (i) the actual number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list during the period multiplied by the contracted maximum cost per impression, or (ii) the contractual maximum spend on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months or twelve months and then month-to-month thereafter. We charge a fixed subscription fee for Zillow’s Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products. Subscription advertising revenue for our Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products is recognized on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months and then month-to-month thereafter.

Our Trulia real estate products included in real estate revenue are primarily sold on a fixed fee subscription basis, and include Trulia Local Ads, Trulia Mobile Ads, Trulia Pro with featured listings, and Trulia Seller Ads. Trulia Local Ads and Trulia Mobile Ads enable real estate professionals to promote themselves on Trulia’s search results pages and property details pages for a local market area. Real estate professionals purchase subscriptions to these products based upon their specified market share for a city or zip code, at a fixed monthly price, for periods ranging from one month to one year, with pricing depending on demand, location, and the percentage of market share purchased. Trulia’s featured listings product allows real estate professionals to receive prominent placement of their listings in Trulia’s search results. Real estate professionals sign up for new subscriptions to this product at a fixed monthly price for periods that generally range from six months to 12 months. Trulia Seller Ads enable real estate professionals to generate leads from consumers interested in selling their homes.

By the end of 2015, we expect to integrate the Zillow and Trulia agent advertising products into one platform, including the buyer’s agent list, featured listings and CRM tools. Upon completion of the integration, we expect to charge for our agent advertising product based on the number of impressions delivered on the buyer’s agent list in zip codes purchased and a contracted maximum cost per impression, similar to the way we currently charge for our Zillow Platinum Premier Agent product.

Rentals revenue, which is included in real estate revenue, primarily includes advertising sold to property managers and other rental professionals on a cost per lead and cost per lease basis. We recognize revenue as leads are delivered to rental professionals or as qualified leases are confirmed.

Mortgages revenue primarily includes advertising sold to mortgage lenders on a cost-per-click (“CPC”) basis, related to Zillow Mortgages, as well as revenue generated by Mortech, which provides subscription-based mortgage software solutions, including a product and pricing engine and lead management platform, for which we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered. In Zillow Mortgages, participating qualified mortgage lenders make a prepayment to gain access to consumers interested in connecting with mortgage professionals. Consumers who request rates for mortgage loans in Zillow Mortgages are presented with personalized lender quotes from participating lenders. We only charge mortgage lenders a fee when users click for more information regarding a mortgage loan quote. Mortgage lenders who exhaust their initial prepayment can then prepay additional funds to continue to participate in the marketplace. We recognize revenue when a user clicks on a mortgage advertisement or to obtain additional information about a mortgage loan quote.

Market Leader revenue primarily includes revenue from the sale of a comprehensive premium software-as-a-service based marketing product typically sold to real estate professionals as a bundle of products under a fixed fee subscription. We also sell a base version of these products to strategic franchise networks for specified contractual amounts over a number of years and partner with them to drive adoption of our premium solution across their network.

Display Revenue. Display revenue primarily consists of graphical mobile and web advertising sold on a cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”) or CPC basis to advertisers promoting their brands on our mobile applications and websites and our partner websites, primarily in the real estate industry, including real estate brokerages, home builders, mortgage lenders and home services providers. Our advertising customers also include telecommunications, automotive, insurance and consumer products companies. Impressions are the number of times an advertisement is loaded on a web page and clicks are the number of times users click on an advertisement. Pricing is primarily based on advertisement size and position on our mobile applications and websites, and fees are generally billed monthly. We recognize display revenue as clicks occur or as impressions are delivered to users interacting with our mobile applications or websites. Growth in display revenue depends on continuing growth in traffic to our mobile applications and websites and migration of advertising spend online from traditional broadcast and print media.

 

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Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenue. Our cost of revenue consists of expenses related to operating our mobile applications and websites, including associated headcount expenses, such as salaries and benefits and share-based compensation expense and bonuses, as well as credit card fees, ad serving costs paid to third parties, revenue-sharing costs related to our commercial business relationships, costs to generate leads for customers, multiple listing services fees and costs associated with the operation of our data center and customer websites.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist of advertising costs and other sales expenses related to promotional and marketing activities, as well as headcount expenses, including salaries, commissions, benefits, share-based compensation expense and bonuses for sales, sales support, customer support, marketing and public relations employees.

Technology and Development. Technology and development expenses consist of headcount expenses, including salaries and benefits, share-based compensation expense and bonuses for salaried employees and contractors engaged in the design, development and testing of our mobile applications and websites, equipment and maintenance costs, and facilities costs allocated on a headcount basis. Technology and development expenses also include amortization costs related to capitalized website and development activities, amortization of certain intangibles and other data agreement costs related to the purchase of data used to populate our mobile applications and websites, and amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of headcount expenses, including salaries, benefits, share-based compensation expense and bonuses for executive, finance, accounting, legal, human resources, recruiting and administrative support. General and administrative expenses also include legal, accounting and other third-party professional service fees and bad debt expense.

Acquisition-related Costs. Acquisition-related costs consist of investment banker, legal, accounting, tax, and regulatory filing fees associated with acquisitions.

Restructuring Costs. Restructuring costs consist of workforce reduction expenses in connection with a restructuring plan and related contract termination costs related to operating leases.

Other Income

Other income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest on the 2020 Notes we guaranteed in connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia. Interest is payable on the 2020 Notes at the rate of 2.75% semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

Income Taxes

We are subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States and in Canada. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not have a material amount of reportable taxable income, and we are not projecting a material amount of reportable taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2015. We have provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 because, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Therefore, no current tax liability or expense has been recorded in the financial statements. We have accumulated federal tax losses of approximately $358.6 million as of December 31, 2014, which are available to reduce future taxable income. We have accumulated state tax losses of approximately $7.2 million (tax effected) as of December 31, 2014.

 

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Results of Operations

The following tables present our results of operations for the periods indicated and as a percentage of total revenue:

 

    Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
    2015     2014  
    (in thousands, except per share data, unaudited)  

Statements of Operations Data:

   

Revenue

  $ 127,273      $ 66,243   

Costs and expenses:

   

Cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization) (1) (2)

    13,019        6,164   

Sales and marketing (1)

    59,286        35,133   

Technology and development (1)

    37,325        16,735   

General and administrative (1)

    38,024        14,689   

Acquisition-related costs

    12,477        —     

Restructuring costs (1)

    25,065        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

  185,196      72,721   
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

  (57,923   (6,478

Other income

  269      219   

Interest expense

  (730   —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

$ (58,384 $ (6,259
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share — basic and diluted

$ (1.19 $ (0.16

Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic and diluted

  49,130      39,322   

Other Financial Data:

Adjusted EBITDA (3)

$ 16,654    $ 8,728   

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

(1) Includes share-based compensation as follows:

     

Cost of revenue

   $ 952       $ 373   

Sales and marketing

     4,209         1,303   

Technology and development

     5,766         2,025   

General and administrative

     12,080         3,431   

Restructuring costs

     10,420         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

$ 33,427    $ 7,132   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(2) Amortization of website development costs and intangible assets included in technology and development

$ 11,782    $ 6,784   

 

(3) See “Adjusted EBITDA” below for more information and for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

 

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     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  
     (unaudited)  

Percentage of Revenue:

    

Revenue

     100     100

Costs and expenses:

    

Cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization)

     10        9   

Sales and marketing

     47        53   

Technology and development

     29        25   

General and administrative

     30        22   

Acquisition-related costs

     10        0   

Restructuring costs

     20        0   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

  146      110   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

  (46   (10

Other income

  0      0   

Interest expense

  (1   0   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

  (46 %)    (9 %) 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed Adjusted EBITDA within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, a non-GAAP financial measure. We have provided a reconciliation below of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because it is a key metric used by our management and board of directors to measure operating performance and trends and to prepare and approve our annual budget. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis.

Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of share-based compensation;

 

    Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect acquisition-related costs;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect restructuring costs;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest expense; and

 

    Other companies, including companies in our own industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net loss and our other GAAP results.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss for each of the periods presented:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Loss:

     

Net loss

   $ (58,384    $ (6,259

Other income

     (269      (219

 

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     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Depreciation and amortization expense

     14,028         8,074   

Share-based compensation expense

     23,007         7,132   

Acquisition-related costs

     12,477         —     

Restructuring costs

     25,065         —     

Interest expense

     730         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

$ 16,654    $ 8,728   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2014

Revenue

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Revenue:

        

Marketplace revenue:

        

Real estate

   $ 93,312       $ 46,595         100

Mortgages

     9,558         7,129         34

Market Leader

     6,057         —           N/A   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Marketplace revenue

  108,927      53,724      103

Display revenue

  18,346      12,519      47
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenue

$ 127,273    $ 66,243      92
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  

Percentage of Total Revenue:

    

Marketplace revenue:

    

Real estate

     73     70

Mortgages

     8     11

Market Leader

     5     0
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Marketplace revenue

  86   81

Display revenue

  14   19
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

  100   100
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Overall revenue increased by $61.0 million, or 92%, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2014. Marketplace revenue increased by 103%, and display revenue increased by 47%.

Marketplace revenue grew to $108.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 from $53.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $55.2 million. Marketplace revenue represented 86% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 81% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2014. The increase in marketplace revenue was primarily attributable to the $46.7 million increase in real estate revenue, which, in turn, was primarily attributable to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia. The inclusion of Trulia Agent Advertisers contributed to growth in the number of Agent Advertisers to 103,415 as of March 31, 2015 from 52,968 as of March 31, 2014, representing growth of 95%. Average monthly revenue per advertiser increased by 24% to $354 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 from $286 for the three months ended March 31, 2014. We calculate our average monthly revenue per advertiser by dividing the revenue generated by Zillow’s Premier Agent program and Trulia’s real estate revenue products (excluding revenue generated by Market Leader) in the period by the average number of Agent Advertisers in the period, divided again by the number of months in the period. If a real estate professional has an active advertising contract for both our Zillow Premier Agent and Trulia agent advertising products, the professional is counted as one Agent Advertiser. The average number of Agent Advertisers is derived by calculating the average of the beginning and ending number of Agent Advertisers for the period. The increase in average monthly revenue per advertiser was primarily driven by an increase in impression inventory, which led to an increase in sales to existing Agent Advertisers looking to expand their presence on our platform, and was also due to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, as we estimate that approximately 20% of Trulia’s Agent Advertisers also advertise on Zillow, resulting in a higher average revenue per advertiser for these Agent Advertisers.

 

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The increase in marketplace revenue was also attributable to growth in mortgages revenue, which increased by $2.4 million, or 34%, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2014. The increase in mortgages revenue was primarily a result of an increase in the number of loan requests submitted by consumers in Zillow Mortgages, which reflects the inclusion of loan requests submitted by consumers through Trulia after February 17, 2015. There were approximately 13.0 million mortgage loan requests submitted by consumers for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 5.9 million mortgage loan requests submitted by consumers for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of 122%. The growth in loan requests submitted by consumers increases the likelihood that users will click to obtain additional information about a mortgage loan quote, but there is not a direct correlation between the number of loan requests and mortgages revenue because loan requests do not always result in revenue recognition.

The increase in marketplace revenue was also attributable to the addition of Market Leader revenue following our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia.

Display revenue was $18.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $5.8 million. Display revenue represented 14% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 19% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2014. The increase in display revenue was primarily the result of an increase in the number of unique users to our mobile applications and websites, which increased to 109.9 million average monthly unique users for the three months ended March 31, 2015 from 70.7 million average monthly unique users for the three months ended March 31, 2014, representing growth of 56%. The growth in unique users was primarily due to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, which increased the number of graphical display impressions available for sale and advertiser demand for graphical display inventory. Although there is a relationship between the number of average monthly unique users and display revenue, there is not a direct correlation, as the Company does not sell its entire display inventory each period and some of the inventory is sold through networks and not directly through our sales team, which impacts the cost per impression we charge to customers.

Cost of Revenue

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Cost of revenue

   $ 13,019       $ 6,164         111

Cost of revenue was $13.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $6.9 million, or 111%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to increased headcount-related expenses of $2.0 million, including share-based compensation expense, driven by growth in headcount, including the impact of growth in headcount as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, increased credit card and ad serving fees of $1.3 million, a $1.0 million increase in data center and connectivity costs, a $0.8 million increase in revenue share costs, a $0.7 million increase in costs to generate leads for customers, and a $1.1 million increase in various miscellaneous expenses. We expect our cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future years as we continue to incur more expenses that are associated with growth in revenue.

Sales and Marketing

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Sales and marketing

   $ 59,286       $ 35,133         69

Sales and marketing expenses were $59.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $35.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $24.2 million, or 69%. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily attributable to increased headcount-related expenses of $17.1 million, including share-based compensation expense, including the impact of growth in headcount as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, which resulted in significant growth in the size of our sales team.

In addition to the increases in headcount-related expenses, marketing and advertising expenses increased by $3.2 million, primarily related to advertising spend to acquire shoppers across online and offline channels, which supports our growth initiatives. We also incurred a $0.8 million increase in consulting costs to support our marketing and advertising spend. We believe we have considerable opportunity to increase awareness across our brands and grow traffic through targeted advertising programs. As such, we plan to continue to selectively advertise to consumers and professionals in various online and offline channels that have tested well for us to drive traffic and brand awareness for Zillow Group.

 

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We also incurred a $0.8 million increase in tradeshow costs and related travel expenses, a $0.8 million increase in software costs, and a $1.5 million increase in miscellaneous sales and marketing expenses.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future years as we continue to expand our sales team and invest more resources in extending our audience through marketing and advertising initiatives.

Technology and Development

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Technology and development

   $ 37,325       $ 16,735         123

Technology and development expenses, which include research and development costs, were $37.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $20.6 million, or 123%. Approximately $11.3 million of the increase related to growth in headcount-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, including the impact of growth in headcount as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, as we continue to grow our engineering headcount to support current and future product initiatives. Approximately $3.7 million of the increase was the result of increased amortization of acquired intangible assets, primarily as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia. The increase in technology and development expenses was also attributable to a $1.3 million increase in consulting costs, a $1.3 million increase in amortization related to website development costs and purchased content, a $0.8 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.8 million increase in software, hardware and connectivity costs, a $0.3 million increase in other data content expense, and a $1.1 million increase in various miscellaneous expenses.

Amortization expense included in technology and development for capitalized website development costs was $4.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Amortization expense included in technology and development related to intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions was $5.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Amortization expense included in technology and development for purchased data content intangible assets was $1.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Other data content expense was $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. We expect our technology and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars over time as we continue to build new mobile and website functionality.

General and Administrative

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

General and administrative

   $ 38,024       $ 14,689         159

General and administrative expenses were $38.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $14.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of $23.3 million, or 159%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was a result of a $11.9 million increase in headcount-related expenses, including share-based compensation expense, driven primarily by growth in headcount, including the impact of growth in headcount as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, and increases in compensation, a $6.5 million increase in professional services fees, including legal and accounting, a $2.3 million increase in building lease-related expenses including rent, utilities and insurance, a $1.6 million increase in consulting costs, a $0.6 million increase in travel and meals expense, and a $0.4 million increase in various other miscellaneous expenses. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase over time in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our business.

Acquisition-Related Costs

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Acquisition-related costs

   $ 12,477       $ —           N/A   

 

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Acquisition-related costs were $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 as a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, including investment banker, legal, accounting, tax, and regulatory filing fees. We expect our acquisition-related costs to decrease in future periods as we focus on the integration of our acquisition of Trulia.

Restructuring Costs

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Restructuring costs

   $ 25,065       $ —           N/A   

Restructuring costs were $25.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. On February 17, 2015, in connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Zillow Group undertook a restructuring plan that will result in a total workforce reduction of nearly 350 employees, primarily to eliminate overlapping positions in the sales and marketing functions related to Trulia’s workforce at its Bellevue, Denver, New York and San Francisco locations. The restructuring plan is a result of the integration of Trulia’s business and operations with and into Zillow Group’s business. Employees directly affected by the restructuring plan have been or will be provided with severance payments, stock vesting acceleration and outplacement assistance. Zillow Group expects to complete the restructuring by the end of 2015.

As a result of the restructuring plan, Zillow Group recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $25.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, including approximately $9.1 million for severance and other personnel related expenses, approximately $5.5 million for contract termination costs associated with certain operating leases, and approximately $10.4 million of non-cash expenses relating to stock vesting acceleration or a reduced remaining requisite service period. Zillow Group recognized certain contract termination costs primarily associated with Trulia’s Bellevue operating lease, as well as Zillow’s San Francisco operating lease, as Zillow’s employees in San Francisco were relocated into Trulia’s San Francisco office space. The restructuring costs for contract termination costs include approximately $4.0 million primarily related to the write-off of certain leasehold improvements. For additional information regarding the restructuring, see Note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Interest Expense

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
     2014 to 2015
% Change
 
     2015      2014     
     (in thousands, unaudited)         

Interest expense

   $ 730       $ —           N/A   

Interest expense was $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015. The interest expense relates to the 2020 Notes that we guaranteed in connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, which accrue interest at 2.75% annually. For additional information regarding the 2020 Notes, see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments of $635.2 million and $455.9 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents balances consist of operating cash on deposit with financial institutions, money market funds, foreign government securities and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less. Investments as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 consisted of fixed income securities, which include U.S. government agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, municipal securities, foreign government securities, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. Restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held as collateral in our name at a financial institution related to certain of our operating leases. Amounts on deposit with third-party financial institutions exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits, as applicable. We believe that cash from operations and cash, cash equivalents and investment balances will be sufficient to meet our ongoing operating activities, working capital, capital expenditures and other capital requirements for at least the next 12 months.

On February 17, 2015, we acquired Trulia in a stock-for-stock transaction. The total purchase price of Trulia was approximately $2.0 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, Zillow Group incurred a total of $12.5 million in acquisition-related costs related to the transaction, which includes $9.1 million of investment banking fees. We have included Trulia’s results of operations prospectively after February 17, 2015, the date of acquisition.

Our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia has a significant impact on our liquidity, financial position and results of operations. Trulia will contribute to revenue, but we also may continue to incur significant acquisition-related and other expenses as we integrate the businesses. Further, as a result of the acquisition, Zillow Group entered into a supplemental indenture in respect of the 2020 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million, which supplemental indenture provides, among other things, that, at the effective time of the Mergers, (i) each outstanding 2020 Note is no longer convertible into shares of Trulia common stock and is convertible solely into shares of Zillow Group Class A common stock, pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms of the indenture governing

 

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the 2020 Notes, and (ii) Zillow Group guaranteed all of the obligations of Trulia under the 2020 Notes and related indenture. The aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes is due on December 15, 2020 if not earlier converted or redeemed. Interest is payable on the 2020 Notes at the rate of 2.75% semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

The following table presents selected cash flow data for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Cash Flow Data:

     

Cash flows provided by operating activities

   $ 1,455       $ 14,205   

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

     171,811         (67,574

Cash flows provided by financing activities

     8,821         5,263   

Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities

Our operating cash flows result primarily from cash received from real estate professionals, mortgage professionals, rental professionals, and brand advertisers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities include payments for marketing and advertising activities and employee compensation. Additionally, uses of cash from operating activities include costs associated with operating our mobile applications and websites and other general corporate expenditures.

For the three months ended March 31, 2015, net cash provided by operating activities was $1.5 million. This was driven by a net loss of $58.4 million, adjusted by share-based compensation expense of $23.0 million, non-cash restructuring costs of $21.7 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $14.0 million, amortization of bond premium of $0.8 million, bad debt expense of $0.8 million, an increase in the balance of deferred rent of $0.4 million, and a loss on disposal of property and equipment of $0.1 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities decreased cash provided by operating activities by $1.0 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2014, net cash provided by operating activities was $14.2 million. This was driven by a net loss of $6.3 million, adjusted by depreciation and amortization expense of $8.1 million, share-based compensation expense of $7.1 million, amortization of bond premium of $0.8 million, an increase in the balance of deferred rent of $0.7 million, bad debt expense of $0.6 million, and a loss on disposal of property and equipment of $0.2 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities increased cash provided by operating activities by $2.9 million.

Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities

Our primary investing activities include the purchase and sale or maturity of investments, the purchase of property and equipment and intangible assets, and net cash acquired in an acquisition.

For the three months ended March 31, 2015, net cash provided by investing activities was $171.8 million. This was primarily the result of $173.4 million of net cash acquired in connection with our acquisition of Trulia and $8.9 million of net maturities and sales of investments, partially offset by $10.6 million of purchases for property and equipment and intangible assets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2014, net cash used in investing activities was $67.6 million. This was the result of $58.6 million of net purchases of investments and $9.0 million of purchases for property and equipment and intangible assets.

Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, our financing activities primarily related to the exercise of employee option awards. The proceeds from the issuance of Class A common stock from the exercise of option awards for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $9.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements other than outstanding surety bonds issued for our benefit of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2015. We do not believe that the surety bonds will have a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, market risk support or credit risk support. For additional information regarding the surety bonds, see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements under the subsection titled “Surety Bonds”.

 

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Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

The following table provides a summary of our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2015:

 

     Payment Due By Period  
     Total      Less Than
1 Year
     1-3 Years      3-5 Years      More Than
5 Years
 
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Long-term debt (1)

   $ 230,000       $ —         $ —         $ —         $ 230,000   

Interest on long-term debt (2)

     37,950         6,325         12,650         12,650         6,325   

Operating lease obligations (3)

     211,468         18,052         46,926         48,802         97,688   

Purchase obligations (4)

     117,499         30,934         61,690         15,875         9,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations

$ 596,917    $ 55,311    $ 121,266    $ 77,327    $ 343,013   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) The aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes is due on December 15, 2020 if not earlier converted or redeemed.
(2) The stated interest rate on the 2020 Notes is 2.75%.
(3) Our operating lease obligations consist of various operating leases for office space under noncancelable operating lease agreements. For additional information regarding our operating leases, see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
(4) We have noncancelable purchase obligations for content related to our mobile applications and websites. For additional information regarding our purchase obligations, see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of March 31, 2015, we have outstanding letters of credit of approximately $3.8 million, $1.8 million, $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, which secure our lease obligations in connection with the operating leases of our San Francisco, Seattle, Bellevue, New York and Denver office spaces.

In the course of business, we are required to provide financial commitments in the form of surety bonds to third parties as a guarantee of our performance on and our compliance with certain obligations. If we were to fail to perform or comply with these obligations, any draws upon surety bonds issued on our behalf would then trigger our payment obligation to the surety bond issuer. We have outstanding surety bonds issued for our benefit of approximately $2.0 million as of March 31, 2015.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, website and software development costs, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets with definite lives, share-based compensation, income tax uncertainties, including a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, business combinations, goodwill, and restructuring, have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Revenue Recognition

In general, we recognize revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered to the customer, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. We consider a signed agreement, a binding insertion order or other similar documentation reflecting the terms and conditions under which products or services will be provided to be persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Collectability is assessed based on a number of factors, including payment history and the creditworthiness of a customer. If it is determined that collection is not reasonably assured, revenue is not recognized until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt of cash.

We generate revenue from the sale of advertising services and our suite of tools to businesses and professionals primarily associated with the real estate and mortgage industries. These professionals include local real estate professionals, mortgage professionals and brand advertisers. Our two revenue categories are marketplace revenue and display revenue. Incremental direct costs incurred related to the acquisition or origination of a customer contract in a transaction that results in the deferral of revenue are expensed as incurred.

 

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Marketplace Revenue. Marketplace revenue consists of real estate, mortgages, and Market Leader revenue.

Real estate revenue primarily includes revenue from advertising and a suite of tools sold to real estate professionals, as well as revenue generated by Zillow Rentals, which includes our rentals marketplace and suite of tools for rental professionals.

Our Zillow Premier Agent program, which is included in real estate revenue, offers a suite of marketing and business technology solutions to help real estate agents grow their businesses and personal brands. The Premier Agent program allows agents to select products and services that they can tailor to meet their business and advertising needs. The program has three tiers of participation including Premier Platinum, our flagship product, as well as Premier Gold and Premier Silver, to meet different marketing and business needs of a broad range of agents. All tiers of Premier Agents receive access to a dashboard portal on our website that provides individualized program performance analytics, as well as our personalized website service, and our free customer relationship management, or CRM, tool that captures detailed information about each contact made with a Premier Agent through our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Gold product also includes featured listings whereby the agent’s listings will appear at the top of search results on our mobile and web platforms. Our Premier Platinum product includes the dashboard portal on our website, our personalized website service, our CRM tool, featured listings, and inclusion on our buyer’s agent list, whereby the agent appears as the agent to contact for listings in the purchased zip code. We charge for our Platinum Premier Agent product based on the number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list in zip codes purchased and a contracted maximum cost per impression. Our Platinum Premier Agent product includes multiple deliverables which are accounted for as a single unit of accounting, as the delivery or performance of the undelivered elements is based on traffic to our mobile applications and websites. We recognize revenue related to our impression-based Platinum Premier Agent product based on the lesser of (i) the actual number of impressions delivered on our buyer’s agent list during the period multiplied by the contracted maximum cost per impression, or (ii) the contractual maximum spend on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months or twelve months and then month-to-month thereafter. We charge a fixed subscription fee for Zillow’s Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products. Subscription advertising revenue for our Premier Gold and Premier Silver subscription products is recognized on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered, typically over a period of six months and then month-to-month thereafter.

Our Trulia real estate products included in real estate revenue are primarily sold on a fixed fee subscription basis, and include Trulia Local Ads, Trulia Mobile Ads, Trulia Pro with featured listings, and Trulia Seller Ads. Trulia Local Ads and Trulia Mobile Ads enable real estate professionals to promote themselves on Trulia’s search results pages and property details pages for a local market area. Real estate professionals purchase subscriptions to these products based upon their specified market share for a city or zip code, at a fixed monthly price, for periods ranging from one month to one year, with pricing depending on demand, location, and the percentage of market share purchased. Trulia’s featured listings product allows real estate professionals to receive prominent placement of their listings in Trulia’s search results. Real estate professionals sign up for new subscriptions to this product at a fixed monthly price for periods that generally range from six months to 12 months. Trulia Seller Ads enable real estate professionals to generate leads from consumers interested in selling their homes. Subscription advertising revenue for Trulia’s real estate products included in real estate revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered.

Rentals revenue, which is included in real estate revenue, primarily includes advertising sold to property managers and other rental professionals on a cost per lead and cost per lease basis. We recognize revenue as leads are delivered to rental professionals or as qualified leases are confirmed.

Mortgages revenue primarily includes advertising sold to mortgage lenders on a cost-per-click (“CPC”) basis, related to Zillow Mortgages, as well as revenue generated by Mortech, which provides subscription-based mortgage software solutions, including a product and pricing engine and lead management platform, for which we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered. In Zillow Mortgages, participating qualified mortgage lenders make a prepayment to gain access to consumers interested in connecting with mortgage professionals. Consumers who request rates for mortgage loans in Zillow Mortgages are presented with personalized lender quotes from participating lenders. We only charge mortgage lenders a fee when users click for more information regarding a mortgage loan quote. Mortgage lenders who exhaust their initial prepayment can then prepay additional funds to continue to participate in the marketplace. We recognize revenue when a user clicks on a mortgage advertisement or to obtain additional information about a mortgage loan quote.

Market Leader revenue primarily includes a comprehensive premium software-as-a-service based marketing product typically sold to real estate professionals as a bundle of products under a fixed fee subscription. We also sell a base version of these products to strategic franchise networks for specified contractual amounts over a number of years and partner with them to drive adoption of our premium solution across their network. Subscription advertising revenue for our Market Leader subscription products is recognized on a straight-line basis during the contractual period over which the services are delivered.

 

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Display Revenue. Display revenue primarily consists of graphical mobile and web advertising sold on a cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”) or CPC basis to advertisers promoting their brands on our mobile applications and websites and our partner websites, primarily in the real estate industry, including real estate brokerages, home builders, mortgage lenders and home services providers. Our advertising customers also include telecommunications, automotive, insurance and consumer products companies. Impressions are the number of times an advertisement is loaded on a web page and clicks are the number of times users click on an advertisement. Pricing is primarily based on advertisement size and position on our mobile applications and websites, and fees are generally billed monthly. We recognize display revenue as clicks occur or as impressions are delivered to users interacting with our mobile applications or websites.

Multiple-Element Arrangements. We enter into arrangements with customers that include combinations of CPC media placements, CPM media placements and subscription products.

We allocate arrangement consideration in multiple-element revenue arrangements at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables or those packages in which all components of the package are delivered at the same time based on the relative selling price method in accordance with the selling price hierarchy, which includes: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) if available; (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available; and (iii) best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

VSOE -  We determine VSOE based on our historical pricing and discounting practices for the specific product when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the standalone selling prices for these products fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. For certain subscription products, we have been able to establish VSOE.

TPE -  When VSOE cannot be established for deliverables in multiple-element arrangements, we apply judgment with respect to whether it can establish a selling price based on TPE. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our go-to-market strategy differs from that of our peers and our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of the products cannot be obtained. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor selling prices are on a standalone basis. As a result, we have not been able to establish selling price based on TPE.

BESP -  When we are unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the service was sold regularly on a standalone basis. As we have not been able to establish VSOE or TPE for CPM display placements, CPC display placements and certain subscription products, we determine BESP for these deliverables based on the following:

 

    The list price represents a component of the go-to-market strategy established by senior management. Our list prices are based on the features of the products offered. These features, which consist of the size and placement of the advertisements on our mobile applications and websites, impact the list prices which vary depending on the specifications of the features. In addition, the list prices are impacted by market conditions, including the conditions of the real estate market and economy in general, and our competitive landscape; and

 

    Analysis of our current and historical selling prices for these deliverables.

We limit the amount of allocable arrangement consideration to amounts that are fixed or determinable and that are not contingent on future performance or future deliverables. We regularly review our BESP. Changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements in the arrangement could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

We recognize the relative fair value of the products as they are delivered assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Website and Software Development Costs

The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of website and software development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental and deemed by management to be significant, are capitalized in property and equipment and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Maintenance and enhancement costs (including those costs in the post-implementation stages) are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the websites (or software) that result in added functionality, in which case the costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives.

Capitalized development activities placed in service are amortized over the expected useful lives of those releases, currently estimated at one year. Estimated useful lives of website and software development activities are reviewed frequently and adjusted as appropriate to reflect upcoming development activities that may include significant upgrades and/or enhancements to the existing functionality.

We exercise judgment in determining the point at which various projects may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs, and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. To the extent that we change

 

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the manner in which we develop and test new features and functionalities related to our mobile applications and websites, assess the ongoing value of capitalized assets, or determine the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, the amount of website and software development costs we capitalize and amortize could change in future periods.

Recoverability of Intangible Assets with Definite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate they may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated. We group assets for purposes of such review at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows of the asset group are largely independent of the cash flows of the other groups of assets and liabilities. If this comparison indicates impairment, the amount of impairment to be recognized is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the asset group.

Unforeseen events, changes in circumstances and market conditions and material differences in estimates of future cash flows could adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could result in an impairment charge. Fair value can be estimated utilizing a number of techniques including quoted market prices, prices for comparable assets, or other valuation processes involving estimates of cash flows, multiples of earnings or revenues, and we may make various assumptions and estimates when performing our impairment assessments, particularly as it relates to cash flow projections. Cash flow estimates are by their nature subjective, and include assumptions regarding factors such as recent and forecasted operating performance, revenue trends and operating margins. These estimates could also be adversely impacted by changes in federal, state, or local regulations, economic downturns or developments, or other market conditions affecting our industry.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure compensation expense for all share-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value for option awards and recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the option awards’ vesting period. For restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and restricted units, we use the market value of Zillow’s Class A common stock on the date of grant to determine the fair value of the award, and we recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the awards’ vesting period.

Determining the fair value of option awards at the grant date requires judgment. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model changes significantly, share-based compensation expense for future option awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. In valuing our option awards, we make assumptions about risk-free interest rates, dividend yields, volatility, and weighted-average expected lives, including estimated forfeiture rates.

Risk-free interest rate. Risk-free interest rates are derived from U.S. Treasury securities as of the option award’s grant date.

Expected dividend yields. Expected dividend yields are based on our historical dividend payments, which have been zero to date.

Volatility. The expected volatility for our Class A common stock is estimated using a combination of our historical volatility and the published historical volatilities of industry peers in the online publishing market (primarily the financial and real estate services industries) representing the verticals in which we operate.

Expected term. We estimate the weighted-average expected life of the option awards as the average of the option vesting schedule and the term of the award, since, due to the limited period of time our share-based awards have been exercisable, we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The term of the award is estimated using the simplified method as the awards granted are plain vanilla option awards.

Forfeiture rate. We record share-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeiture rates are estimated using historical actual forfeiture trends as well as our judgment of future forfeitures. These rates are evaluated at least quarterly and any change in compensation expense is recognized in the period of the change. The estimation of option awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including employee class and historical experience.

We will continue to use judgment in evaluating the expected volatility, expected terms, and forfeiture rates utilized for our share-based compensation expense calculations on a prospective basis. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from management’s current estimates. As we continue to accumulate additional data related to our Class A common stock, we may have refinements to the estimates of our expected volatility, expected terms, and forfeiture rates, which could materially impact our future share-based compensation expense. In future periods, we expect our share-based compensation expense to increase as a result of our existing, unrecognized share-based compensation that will be recognized as the awards vest, and as we grant additional share-based awards to attract and retain employees.

 

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Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting income taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the applicable enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets would be established if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some or all of the deferred tax assets are not expected to be realized.

Our assumptions, judgments, and estimates relative to the value of our deferred tax assets take into account predictions of the amount and category of future taxable income, such as income from operations or capital gains income. Actual operating results and the underlying amount and category of income in future years could render our current assumptions, judgments, and estimates of recoverable net deferred taxes inaccurate. Any of the assumptions, judgments, and estimates mentioned above could cause our actual income tax obligations to differ from our estimates, thus materially impacting our financial position and results of operations.

Since inception, we have incurred operating losses, and accordingly, we have generally not recorded a provision for income taxes. We generally do not expect any significant changes in the amount of our income tax provision until we are no longer incurring operating losses.

We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, new tax legislation or the change of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

Business Combinations

We recognize identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions for the purchase price allocation process to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent that we identify adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill

We assess the impairment of goodwill on an annual basis, in our fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. We assess goodwill for possible impairment by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test are unnecessary. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test identifies if there is potential goodwill impairment. If step one indicates that an impairment may exist, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the goodwill impairment, if any. Goodwill impairment exists when the estimated fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value. If impairment exists, the carrying value of the goodwill is reduced to fair value through an impairment charge recorded in our statements of operations.

For our most recent impairment assessment performed during the year ended December 31, 2014, we performed a qualitative assessment and determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, and therefore, the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test were unnecessary. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we considered macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, our overall financial performance, other relevant entity-specific events, potential events affecting our reporting unit, and changes in the market price of our common stock. The primary qualitative factors we considered in our analysis for the year ended December 31, 2014 were our overall financial performance, including our revenue growth and positive cash flows, and a market capitalization that is well in excess of the book value of our Class A common stock.

Restructuring

The main components of our restructuring plan related to our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia relate to workforce reduction and contract termination costs for certain operating leases. Workforce reduction charges are accrued when it is probable that the

 

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employees are entitled to the severance payments and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. One-time involuntary termination benefits are accrued when the plan of termination has been communicated to employees and certain other criteria are met. Share-based compensation expense related to acceleration of share-based awards assumed in connection with the acquisition of Trulia is recognized over the remaining requisite service period. Contract termination costs are recognized as a liability when a contract is terminated in accordance with its terms or at the cease-use date. The cumulative effect of a change resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows is recognized as an adjustment to the liability in the period of the change. If the amounts and timing of cash flows from restructuring activities are significantly different from what we have estimated, the actual amount of restructuring and other related charges could be materially different than those we have recorded.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance on the disclosure of uncertainties about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This standard provides guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have any impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on revenue recognition. This guidance provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, early adoption is not permitted, and must be applied retrospectively or modified retrospectively. We expect to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2017. We have not yet determined the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, if any, or our approach to adoption.

 

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily consist of fluctuations in interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk

Under our current investment policy, we invest our excess cash in money market funds, certificates of deposit, U.S. government agency securities, foreign government securities, municipal securities, commercial paper, and corporate notes and bonds. Our current investment policy seeks first to preserve principal, second to provide liquidity for our operating and capital needs and third to maximize yield without putting our principal at risk.

Our investments are exposed to market risk due to the fluctuation of prevailing interest rates that may reduce the yield on our investments or their fair value. As our investment portfolio is short-term in nature, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio, and therefore we do not expect our results of operations or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in market interest rates.

As of March 31, 2015, we also have outstanding $230.0 million aggregate principal Convertible Senior Notes due in 2020 (the “2020 Notes”). The 2020 Notes were guaranteed by Zillow Group in connection with our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Inc. The 2020 Notes carry a fixed interest rate of 2.75% per year.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We do not believe that foreign currency exchange risk has had a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. As we do not maintain a significant balance of foreign currency, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase or decrease in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar would have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

 

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of March 31, 2015. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2015.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As a result of our February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, the Company implemented internal controls over significant processes specific to the acquisition that management believes are appropriate in consideration of related integration. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are in the process of further integrating Trulia and its subsidiaries into our overall internal control over financial reporting.

Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In March 2010, Smarter Agent, LLC (“Smarter Agent”) filed a complaint against us and multiple other defendants, including HotPads, Inc. (“HotPads”), for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint alleges, among other things, that our mobile technology infringes three patents held by Smarter Agent purporting to cover: a “Global positioning-based real estate database access device and method,” a “Position-based information access device and method” and a “Position-based information access device and method of searching,” and seeks an injunction against the alleged infringing activities and an unspecified award for damages. In November 2010, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted our petition for re-examination of the three patents-in-suit, and, to date, all claims of all three patents remain rejected in the re-examination proceedings, including through appeals to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board. In March 2011, the court granted a stay of the litigation pending the completion of the re-examination proceedings. In addition, in October 2011, Smarter Agent filed a substantially similar complaint against Diverse Solutions, Inc. (“Diverse Solutions”), StreetEasy, Inc. (“StreetEasy”) and other defendants, for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. On October 31, 2011, we acquired substantially all of the operating assets and certain liabilities of Diverse Solutions, and took responsibility for the Smarter Agent complaint against Diverse Solutions. On December 14, 2012, we acquired HotPads, and took responsibility for the Smarter Agent complaint against HotPads. On August 26, 2013, we acquired StreetEasy, and took responsibility for the Smarter Agent complaint against StreetEasy.

In September 2010, LendingTree, LLC (“LendingTree”) filed a complaint against us for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina. The complaint alleged, among other things, that our website technology infringes two patents purporting to cover a “Method and computer network for coordinating a loan over the internet.” The complaint sought, among other things, a judgment that we infringed certain patents held by LendingTree, an injunction against the alleged infringing activities and an award for damages. We denied the allegations and asserted defenses and counterclaims seeking declarations that we are not infringing the patents and that the patents are invalid. In March 2014, a federal jury found that Zillow does not infringe the patents and that the patents asserted by LendingTree are invalid. In April, 2014, LendingTree filed two motions for judgment as a matter of law and for a new trial, all of which we opposed. In October 2014, the Court issued an order upholding the jury verdict and denying LendingTree’s motions. In November 2014, LendingTree filed a notice of appeal.

In November 2012, a securities class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington at Seattle against us and certain of our executive officers seeking unspecified damages. A consolidated amended complaint was filed in June 2013. The complaint purports to state claims for violations of federal securities laws on behalf of a class of those who purchased our common stock between February 15, 2012 and November 6, 2012. The complaint generally alleges, among other things, that during the period between February 15, 2012 and November 6, 2012, we issued materially false and misleading statements regarding our business practices and financial results. In August 2013, we moved to dismiss the lawsuit. On October 20, 2014, the Court issued an order granting our motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint with prejudice. Also on October 20, 2014, the Court entered a judgment dismissing the complaint with prejudice. On November 19, 2014, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the October 20, 2014 judgment of dismissal with prejudice. Pursuant to stipulation of the parties, the appeal was dismissed with prejudice on March 24, 2015.

In March 2014, Move, Inc., the National Association of Realtors and three related entities, filed a complaint against us and Errol Samuelson, our Chief Industry Development Officer, in the Superior Court of the State of Washington in King County, alleging, among other things, that Zillow and Mr. Samuelson misappropriated plaintiffs’ trade secrets in connection with Mr. Samuelson joining Zillow in March 2014. The complaint seeks, among other things, an injunction against the alleged misappropriations and Mr. Samuelson working for us, as well as unspecified damages. In April 2014, the court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction prohibiting Mr. Samuelson from working for us. Plaintiffs renewed their motion for a preliminary injunction and on June 30, 2014, the court granted that request and entered a preliminary injunction. Zillow filed a motion requesting that the court reconsider that decision, which the court denied. On September 22, 2014, Zillow filed a notice for discretionary review by the Washington Court of Appeals, followed by a motion for discretionary review on October 7, 2014. Samuelson also filed a motion for discretionary review. Zillow’s and Samuelson’s motions for discretionary review were granted on November 19, 2014. On January 26, 2015, the plaintiffs filed a contempt motion for alleged violation of the preliminary injunction, which Zillow and Samuelson opposed. On February 3, 2015, the parties entered into a stipulation, later adopted by order of the court that Zillow and Samuelson shall withdraw the appeal and the last of the terms of the preliminary injunction will expire on March 22, 2015. The trial date was also extended to October 26, 2015. On February 11, 2015, the Superior Court issued an Order to Show Cause regarding plaintiffs’ contempt motion and set a schedule for discovery, briefing and a hearing. In February 2015, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint that, among other things, added Curt Beardsley, our Vice President of MLS Partnerships, as a defendant in the matter. On March 27, 2015, the parties entered into a stipulation, later adopted by order of the court, that plaintiffs shall withdraw their request that the Superior Court find Zillow and Mr. Samuelson in contempt of the preliminary injunction. We deny the allegations of any wrongdoing and intend to vigorously defend the claims in the lawsuit.

In August 2014, four purported class action lawsuits were filed by plaintiffs against Trulia and its directors, Zillow, and Zebra Holdco, Inc. in connection with Zillow’s proposed acquisition of Trulia. One of those purported class actions, captioned Collier et al.

 

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v. Trulia, Inc., et al., was brought in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Francisco, however on October 7, 2014, plaintiff in the Collier action filed a new complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery alleging substantially the same claims and seeking substantially the same relief as the original complaint filed in California. On October 8, 2014, plaintiff in the Collier action filed a request for dismissal of the California case without prejudice. The other three of the purported class action lawsuits, captioned Shue et al. v. Trulia, Inc., et al., Sciabacucci et al. v. Trulia, Inc., et al., and Steinberg et al. v. Trulia, Inc. et al., were brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery. All four lawsuits allege that Trulia’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to Trulia stockholders, and that the other defendants aided and abetted such breaches, by seeking to sell Trulia through an allegedly unfair process and for an unfair price and on unfair terms. All lawsuits seek, among other things, equitable relief that would enjoin the consummation of Zillow’s proposed acquisition of Trulia and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Delaware actions also seek rescission of the Merger Agreement (to the extent it has already been implemented) or rescissory damages and orders directing the defendants to account for alleged damages suffered by the plaintiffs and the purported class as a result of the defendants’ alleged wrongdoing. On September 24, 2014, plaintiff in the Sciabacucci action filed (1) a motion for expedited proceedings, (2) a motion for a preliminary injunction, (3) a request for production of documents from defendants, and (4) notice of depositions. On October 13, 2014, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued an order consolidating all of the Delaware actions into one matter captioned In re Trulia, Inc. Stockholder Litigation. On October 13 and 14, 2014, the above-referenced motions were refiled under the consolidated case number. On November 14, 2014, plaintiffs again refiled their motion for a preliminary injunction challenging the proposed acquisition. On November 19, 2014, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding, documenting the agreement-in-principle for the settlement of the consolidated litigation, pursuant to which Trulia agreed to make certain supplemental disclosures in a Form 8-K. The Memorandum of Understanding was filed with the Chancery Court that same day. The parties have concluded confirmatory discovery and are negotiating a stipulation of settlement.

Although the results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe we have substantial and meritorious defenses to the outstanding claims.

From time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business and although we cannot be certain of the outcome of any such litigation or claims, nor the amount of damages and exposure that we could incur, we currently believe that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flow. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

 

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I tem 1A. Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as any of these risks could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and our prospects. In addition, risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. The following is an update to the risk factors affecting our business, financial condition or future results set forth in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Risks Related to the Acquisition of Trulia

We May Experience Difficulties in Integrating Zillow’s and Trulia’s Operations and Realizing the Expected Benefits of the Acquisition of Trulia.

The success of the acquisition of Trulia will depend in part on our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities, including certain cost savings and operational efficiencies or synergies, and growth prospects from combining Zillow and Trulia in an efficient and effective manner. We may never realize these business opportunities and growth prospects.

The acquisition was completed on February 17, 2015, and we are in the early stages of our integration efforts. The integration may require substantial resources and our management might have its attention diverted while trying to integrate operations and corporate and administrative infrastructures. Complexities of the integration may include those related to retaining and motivating executives and other key employees, blending corporate cultures, eliminating duplicative operations, and making necessary modifications to internal control over financial reporting and other policies and procedures to comply with applicable laws. Some of these factors are outside our control, and any of them could delay or increase the cost of our integration efforts.

The integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and could harm our financial performance. If we are unable to successfully or timely integrate the operations of Zillow’s and Trulia’s businesses, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, synergies and other anticipated benefits resulting from the proposed transaction, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We Have Incurred, and May Continue to Incur, Significant Acquisition-Related Costs and Transition Costs in Connection with the Acquisition of Trulia.

We have incurred, and may continue to incur, significant, non-recurring costs in connection with completing the acquisition of Trulia and integrating the operations of Zillow and Trulia. We may incur additional costs to maintain employee morale and to retain key employees. Unanticipated costs may be incurred in the course of integration, and management cannot ensure that the elimination of duplicative costs or the realization of other efficiencies will offset the transaction and integration costs in the near term or at all. For example, on February 17, 2015, in connection with the February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Zillow Group undertook a restructuring plan that will result in a total workforce reduction of nearly 350 employees, primarily to eliminate overlapping positions in the sales and marketing functions related to Trulia’s workforce at its Bellevue, Denver, New York and San Francisco locations. The restructuring plan is a result of the integration of Trulia’s business and operations with and into Zillow Group’s business. Employees directly affected by the restructuring plan have been or will be provided with severance payments, stock vesting acceleration or a reduced remaining requisite service period, and outplacement assistance. Zillow Group expects to complete the restructuring by the end of 2015. As a result of the restructuring plan, Zillow Group recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $25.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Purchase Price Accounting in Connection with our Acquisition of Trulia Requires Estimates Which Are Subject to Change in the Future. Future Changes to These Estimates Could Impact Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Our Future Operating Results.

 

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Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price paid for Trulia is allocated to the underlying Trulia tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair market values with any excess purchase price allocated to goodwill. The acquisition method of accounting is dependent upon certain valuations and other studies that are preliminary. Accordingly, the purchase price allocation as of the acquisition date is preliminary. Zillow Group anticipates that all the information needed to identify and measure values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed will be obtained and finalized during the one-year measurement period following the date of completion of the Mergers. Differences between these preliminary estimates and the final acquisition accounting may occur, and these differences could have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements and the combined company’s future results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to Our Business

If Real Estate, Rental and Mortgage Professionals or Other Advertisers Reduce or End Their Advertising Spending With Us and We are Unable to Attract New Advertisers, Our Business Would Be Harmed.

Our current financial model depends on advertising revenue generated primarily through sales to real estate agents and brokerages, rental professionals, mortgage lenders and advertisers in categories relevant to real estate. Our ability to attract and retain advertisers, and ultimately to generate advertising revenue, depends on a number of factors, including:

 

    increasing the number of consumers of our products and services;

 

    competing effectively for advertising dollars with other online media companies;

 

    continuing to develop our advertising products and services, including the expansion of those products and services to new advertising customers;

 

    keeping pace with changes in technology and with our competitors; and

 

    offering an attractive return on investment to our advertisers for their advertising spending with us.

We do not have long-term contracts with most of our advertisers. Our advertisers could choose to modify or discontinue their relationships with us with little or no advance notice. In addition, as existing contracts for our Zillow Premier Agent and Trulia advertising programs expire, we may not be successful in renewing these contracts, securing new contracts or increasing the amount of revenue we earn for a given contract over time. We may not succeed in retaining existing advertisers’ spending or capturing a greater share of such spending if we are unable to convince advertisers of the effectiveness or superiority of our products as compared to alternatives, including traditional offline advertising media such as television and newspapers. In addition, future changes to our pricing methodology for advertising services may cause advertisers to reduce their advertising with us or choose not to advertise with us.

If current advertisers reduce or end their advertising spending with us and we are unable to attract new advertisers, our advertising revenue and business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed. Further, if we are not able to successfully attract and maintain subscribers to our software-as-a-service tools for real estate, rental and mortgage professionals, our operating results may suffer. In addition, if we do not realize the benefits we expect from strategic relationships we enter into, including for example, the generation of additional advertising revenue opportunities, our business could be harmed.

If We Do Not Innovate and Provide Products and Services That Are Attractive to Our Users and to Our Advertisers, Our Business Could Be Harmed.

Our success depends on our continued innovation to provide products and services that make our mobile applications, websites and other tools useful for consumers and real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement professionals, and attractive to our advertisers. As a result, we must continually invest significant resources in research and development to improve the attractiveness and comprehensiveness of our products and services and effectively incorporate new mobile and Internet technologies into them. If we are unable to provide products and services that users, including real estate professionals, want to use, then users may become dissatisfied and use competitors’ mobile applications, websites and tools. If we are unable to continue offering innovative products and services, we may be unable to attract additional users and advertisers or retain our current users and advertisers, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We May Be Unable to Increase Awareness of the Zillow Group Brands Cost-effectively, Which Could Harm Our Business.

We rely heavily on the Zillow Group brands, including Zillow and Trulia, which we believe are key assets of our company. Awareness and perceived quality and differentiation of the Zillow Group brands are important aspects of our efforts to attract and expand the number of consumers who use our mobile applications and websites. Should the competition for awareness and brand preference increase among providers of mobile or online real estate information, we may not be able to successfully maintain or

 

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enhance the strength of our brand. In 2013 and 2014, we significantly increased our advertising investment to increase brand awareness and grow traffic. We expect to continue to invest in our paid advertising. Paid advertising may not continue to be successful or cost-effective. If we are unable to maintain or enhance user and advertiser awareness of our brand cost-effectively, or if we are unable to recover our additional marketing and advertising costs through increased usage of our products and services, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

Zillow and Trulia Incurred Significant Operating Losses in the Past and We May Not Be Able to Generate Sufficient Revenue to Be Profitable Over the Long Term.

Zillow and Trulia incurred significant net operating losses in the past and, as of March 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $186.1 million. Although Zillow and Trulia experienced significant growth in revenue, our revenue growth rate may decline in the future as the result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. At the same time, we also expect our costs to increase in future periods as we continue to expend substantial financial resources to develop and expand our business, including on:

 

    product development;

 

    sales and marketing;

 

    technology infrastructure;

 

    strategic opportunities, including commercial relationships and acquisitions; and

 

    general administration, including legal and accounting expenses related to being a public company.

These investments may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. If we fail to continue to grow our revenue and overall business and to manage our expenses, we may incur significant losses in the future and not be able to maintain profitability.

We Depend on the Real Estate Industry, and Changes to That Industry, or Declines in the Real Estate Market or Increases in Mortgage Interest Rates, Could Reduce the Demand for Our Products and Services.

Our financial prospects significantly depend on real estate shoppers using our services. Real estate shopping patterns depend on the overall health of the real estate market. Changes to the regulation of the real estate industry, including mortgage lending, may negatively impact the prevalence of home ownership. Changes to the real estate industry, declines in the real estate market or increases in mortgage interest rates could reduce demand for our services. Real estate markets also may be negatively impacted by a significant natural disaster, such as earthquake, fire, flood or other disruption.

We May Not Be Able to Maintain or Establish Relationships With Real Estate Brokerages, Real Estate Listing Aggregators, Multiple Listing Services, Property Management Companies, Home Builders and Other Third-Party Listing Providers, Which Could Limit the Information We Are Able to Provide to Our Users.

Our ability to attract users to our mobile applications, websites and other tools depends to some degree on providing a robust number of for-sale and rental listings. To provide these listings, we maintain relationships with real estate brokerages, real estate listing aggregators, multiple listing services, property management companies, home builders, other third-party listing providers, and homeowners and their real estate agents to include listing data in our services. Many of our agreements with real estate listing providers are short-term agreements that may be terminated with limited notice. The loss of some of our existing relationships with listing providers, whether due to termination of agreements or otherwise, or an inability to continue to add new listing providers, may cause our listing data to omit information important to users of our products and services. This could reduce user confidence in the sale and rental data we provide and make us less popular with consumers, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Historically, a substantial portion of the listings displayed on our mobile applications and websites was provided to us by a single real estate listing aggregator pursuant to platform services agreements. These listings provided revenue-generating opportunities as impressions were delivered through our mobile applications and websites. Pursuant to agreements with the real estate listing aggregator, the platform services agreements expired on April 7, 2015. Through various data acquisition efforts, including the January 2015 launch of the Zillow Data Dashboard, a new listing management and reporting platform that allows Multiple Listing Services, or MLSs, and brokers to provide listings directly to Zillow, we have made progress in replacing the listings previously provided under the platform services agreements. However, we may not be able to fully replace the listings in a timely manner or on terms favorable to us, if at all, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We May Not Be Able to Maintain or Establish Relationships With Data Providers, Which Could Limit the Information We Are Able to Provide to Our Users and Impair Our Ability to Attract or Retain Users.

 

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We obtain real estate data, such as sale transactions, property descriptions, tax-assessed value and property taxes paid, under licenses from third-party data providers. We use this data to enable the development, maintenance and improvement of our information services, including Zestimates, Rent Zestimates, Trulia Estimates and our living database of homes. We have invested significant time and resources to develop proprietary algorithms, valuation models, software and practices to use and improve on this specific data. We may be unable to renew our licenses with these data providers, or we may be able to do so only on terms that are less favorable to us, which could harm our ability to continue to develop, maintain and improve these information services and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We Face Competition to Attract Consumers to Our Mobile Applications and Websites, Which Could Impair Our Ability to Continue to Grow the Number of Users Who Use Our Mobile Applications and Websites, Which Would Harm Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

Our success depends on our ability to continue to attract additional consumers to our mobile applications and websites. Our existing and potential competitors include companies that operate, or could develop, national and local real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement websites. These companies could devote greater technical and other resources than we have available, have a more accelerated time frame for deployment and leverage their existing user bases and proprietary technologies to provide products and services that consumers might view as superior to our offerings. Any of our future or existing competitors may introduce different solutions that attract consumers or provide solutions similar to our own but with better branding or marketing resources. If we are not able to continue to grow the number of consumers who use our mobile applications and websites, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed.

We May Not Be Able to Compete Successfully Against Our Existing or Future Competitors in Attracting Advertisers, Which Could Harm Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

We compete to attract advertisers with media sites, including websites dedicated to providing real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement information and services to real estate professionals and consumers, and major Internet portals, general search engines and social media sites, as well as other online companies. We also compete for a share of advertisers’ overall marketing budgets with traditional media such as television, magazines, newspapers and home/apartment guide publications, particularly with respect to advertising dollars spent at the local level by real estate professionals to advertise their qualifications and listings. Large companies with significant brand recognition have large numbers of direct sales personnel and substantial proprietary advertising inventory and web traffic, which may provide a competitive advantage. To compete successfully for advertisers against future and existing competitors, we must continue to invest resources in developing our advertising platform and proving the effectiveness and relevance of our advertising products and services. Pressure from competitors seeking to acquire a greater share of our advertisers’ overall marketing budget could adversely affect our pricing and margins, lower our revenue, and increase our research and development and marketing expenses. If we are unable to compete successfully against our existing or future competitors, our business, results of operations or financial condition would be harmed.

If We Fail to Manage Our Growth Effectively, Our Brands, Results of Operations and Business Could Be Harmed.

We have experienced rapid and significant growth in our headcount and operations, including as a result of the Trulia acquisition, which places substantial demand on management and our operational infrastructure. The majority of our employees have been with us for fewer than two years. As we continue to grow, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees, while maintaining the beneficial aspects of our company culture. In particular, we intend to pursue strategic opportunities and make substantial investments in our technology and development and sales and marketing organizations. If we do not manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our services and efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could harm our brand, results of operations and overall business.

Our Dedication to Making Decisions Based Primarily on the Best Interests of Consumers May Cause Us to Forgo Short-Term Gains.

Our guiding principle is to build our business by making decisions based primarily on the best interests of consumers, which we believe has been essential to our success in increasing our user growth rate and engagement and has served the long-term interests of our company and our shareholders. In the past, we have forgone, and we will in the future forgo, certain expansion or short-term revenue opportunities that we do not believe are in the best interests of consumers, even if such decisions negatively impact our short-term results of operations. In addition, our philosophy of putting consumers first may negatively impact our relationships with our existing or prospective advertisers. This could result in a loss of advertisers, which could harm our revenue and results of operations. For example, we believe that some real estate agents have chosen not to purchase our Zillow Premier Agent product because we display a Zestimate on their for-sale listings. We believe, however, that it is valuable to consumers to have access to a valuation starting point on all homes and so we display a Zestimate on every home in the Zillow database for which we have sufficient data to produce the Zestimate. Similarly, we gather, and make available to our consumers, reviews on real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement professionals, even if those reviews are unfavorable. Although real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement professionals who receive unfavorable reviews may be less likely to purchase our advertising products and services, we continue to post favorable and unfavorable reviews because we believe the reviews are useful to consumers in finding the right professional. Our principle of making decisions based primarily on the best interests of consumers may not result in the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our user traffic and engagement, business and results of operations could be harmed.

 

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We May Make Acquisitions and Investments, Which Could Result in Operating Difficulties, Dilution and Other Harmful Consequences.

We continue to evaluate a wide array of potential strategic opportunities, including acquisitions. Any transactions that we enter into could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. The acquisitions may not result in the intended benefits to our business, and we may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired products, technology, or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction. The process of integrating an acquired company, business or technology could create unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. The areas where we face risks include:

 

    diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to acquisition integration challenges;

 

    implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company;

 

    coordination of product, engineering and sales and marketing functions;

 

    retention of employees from the acquired company;

 

    liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition;

 

    litigation or other claims arising in connection with the acquired company; and

 

    impairment charges associated with goodwill and other acquired intangible assets.

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If Use of Mobile Technology and the Internet, Particularly With Respect to Real Estate Products and Services, Does Not Continue to Increase as Rapidly as We Anticipate, Our Business Could Be Harmed.

Our future success substantially depends on the continued use of mobile technology and the Internet as effective media of business and communication by our consumers. Mobile technology and Internet use may not continue to develop at historical rates, and consumers may not continue to use mobile technology or the Internet as media for information exchange. Further, these media may not be accepted as viable long-term outlets for information for a number of reasons, including actual or perceived lack of security of information and possible disruptions of service or connectivity. If consumers begin to access real estate information through other media and we fail to innovate, our business may be negatively impacted.

We Rely on the Performance of Highly Skilled Personnel, and if We Are Unable to Attract, Retain and Motivate Well-Qualified Employees, Our Business Could Be Harmed.

We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of our management and our highly skilled team of employees, including our software engineers, statisticians, marketing professionals and advertising sales staff. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. The loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to build on the efforts they have undertaken and to execute our business plan, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business could be harmed.

If Our Security Measures Are Compromised, Consumers May Curtail Use of Our Products and Services and Advertisers May Reduce Their Advertising on Our Mobile Applications and Websites.

Our products and services involve the transmission and/or storage of users’ information, some of which may be private or include personally identifiable information such as social security numbers and credit card information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or exposure of this information, which could result in potential liability and litigation. Like all mobile application and website providers, our mobile applications and websites are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, phishing attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks, and similar disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays, or website shutdowns, causing loss of critical data or the

 

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unauthorized disclosure or use of personal or other confidential information. Further, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, users or advertisers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our information or our users’ or advertisers’ information, and our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. If we experience compromises to our security that result in mobile application or website performance or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our mobile applications or websites, or the loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, our users and advertisers may lose trust and confidence in us, we may be subject to legal claims and additional state and federal statutory requirements, users may decrease the use of our mobile applications or websites or stop using our mobile applications or websites in their entirety, and advertisers may decrease or stop advertising on our mobile applications or websites. In May 2015, for example, we detected a distributed denial of service attack against our website, zillow.com. Upon detection, standard response protocols were immediately initiated, filtering malicious traffic and restoring network performance. This incident did not have a material adverse effect on our business, and there is no indication that our internal controls were compromised. Despite the additional network detection tools we implemented, we cannot ensure that we will not experience future incidents.

We depend on data storage vendors to store certain user information, some of which may be private or include personally identifiable information. If our data storage vendors fail to maintain adequate information security systems and our users’ information is compromised, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

Further, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, often are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address all these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any or all of these issues could negatively impact our ability to attract new users and increase engagement by existing users, cause existing users to curtail or stop use of our products or services or close their accounts, cause existing advertisers to cancel their contracts, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, thereby harming our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any Significant Disruption in Service on Our Mobile Applications or Websites or in Our Network Could Damage Our Reputation and Brands, and Result in a Loss of Users of Our Products and Services and of Advertisers, Which Could Harm Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

Our brand, reputation and ability to attract users and advertisers depend on the reliable performance of our network infrastructure and content delivery processes. We have experienced minor interruptions in these systems in the past, including server failures that temporarily slowed the performance of our mobile applications and websites, and we may experience interruptions in the future. Interruptions in these systems, whether due to system failures, computer viruses, software errors or physical or electronic break-ins, could affect the security or availability of our products and services on our mobile applications and websites and prevent or inhibit the ability of users to access our services. Since our users may rely on our products and services, including our free customer relationship management tools, for important aspects of their businesses, problems with the reliability, availability or security of our systems could damage our users’ businesses, harm our reputation, result in a loss of users of our products and services and of advertisers and result in additional costs, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The majority of the communications, network and computer hardware used to operate our mobile applications and websites are located at facilities in the Seattle, Washington and Santa Clara, California areas. Our Market Leader operations depend on our ability to maintain and protect our computer systems, located in Bellevue, Washington and at other co-location facilities in Kent, Washington and other locations operated by third parties. We do not own or control the operation of certain of these facilities. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, acts of war, electronic and physical break-ins, computer viruses, earthquakes and similar events. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events could result in damage to our systems and hardware or could cause them to fail completely, and our insurance may not cover such events or may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur.

A failure of our systems at one site could result in reduced functionality for our users, and a total failure of our systems could cause our mobile applications or websites to be inaccessible. Problems faced by our third-party web-hosting providers with the telecommunications network providers with which they contract or with the systems by which they allocate capacity among their customers, including us, could adversely affect the experience of our users. Our third-party web-hosting providers could decide to close their facilities without adequate notice. Any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy reorganization, faced by our third-party web-hosting providers or any of the service providers with whom they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. If our third-party web-hosting providers are unable to keep up with our growing needs for capacity, our business could be harmed. In addition, if distribution channels for our mobile applications experience disruptions, such disruptions could adversely affect the ability of users and potential users to access or update our mobile applications, which could harm our business.

We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses, including the potential harm to the future growth of our business, which may result from interruptions in our service as a result of system failures. Any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our services could harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

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We Are, and May in the Future Become, Subject to a Variety of Federal and State Laws, Many of Which Are Unsettled and Still Developing and Which Could Subject Us to Claims or Otherwise Harm Our Business.

We are currently subject to a variety of, and may in the future become subject to additional, federal and state laws that are continuously evolving and developing, including laws regarding the real estate, rental, mortgage and home improvement industries, mobile- and Internet-based businesses and other businesses that rely on advertising, as well as privacy and consumer protection laws. These laws can be costly to comply with, can require significant management time and effort, and can subject us to claims, government enforcement actions, civil and criminal liability or other remedies, including suspension of business operations. These laws may conflict with each other, and if we comply with the laws of one jurisdiction, we may find that we are violating laws of another jurisdiction. Additionally, our ability to provide a specific target audience to advertisers is a significant competitive advantage. Any legislation reducing this ability would have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to comply with these laws or regulations, if we become liable under these laws or regulations, or if unfavorable regulations or unfavorable interpretations of existing regulations by courts or regulatory bodies are implemented, we could be directly harmed and forced to implement new measures to reduce our exposure to this liability and it could cause the development of product or service offerings in affected markets to become impractical. This may require us to expend substantial resources or to discontinue certain products or services, limit our ability to expand our product and services offerings, or expand into new markets or otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the increased attention focused on liability issues as a result of lawsuits and legislative proposals could harm our reputation or otherwise impact the growth of our business. Any costs incurred as a result of this potential liability could harm our business and results of operations.

We assist with the processing of customer credit card transactions and consumer credit report requests, which results in us receiving personally identifiable information. This information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulation in the United States. This legislation and regulation is generally intended to protect the privacy and security of personal information, including credit card information that is collected, processed and transmitted. We could be adversely affected if government regulations require us to significantly change our business practices with respect to this type of information.

Due to the geographic scope of our operations and the nature of the services we provide, we may be required to obtain and maintain real estate brokerage and mortgage broker licenses in certain states in which we operate. In connection with such licenses, we are required to designate individual licensed brokers of record. We cannot assure you that we are, and will remain at all times, in full compliance with state real estate licensing laws and regulations and we may be subject to fines or penalties in the event of any non-compliance. If in the future a state agency were to determine that we are required to obtain a real estate or mortgage brokerage license in that state in order to receive payments or commissions from real estate professionals, or if we lose the services of a designated broker, we may be subject to fines or legal penalties or our business operations in that state may be suspended until we obtain the license or replace the designated broker. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may limit our ability to expand into new markets, offer new products or continue to operate in one or more of our current markets.

We are From Time to Time Involved In, or May In the Future be Subject to, Claims, Suits, Government Investigations, and Other Proceedings That May Result In Adverse Outcomes.

We are from time to time involved in, or may in the future be subject to, claims, suits, government investigations, and proceedings arising from our business, including actions with respect to intellectual property claims, privacy, consumer protection, information security, data protection or law enforcement matters, tax matters, labor and employment claims, commercial claims, as well as actions involving content generated by our users, shareholder derivative actions, purported class action lawsuits, and other matters. Such claims, suits, government investigations, and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, any such legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management and other personnel, and other factors. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in reputational harm, liability, penalties, or sanctions, as well as judgments, consent decrees, or orders preventing us from offering certain features, functionalities, products, or services, or requiring a change in our business practices, products or technologies, which could in the future materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. See “Legal Proceedings” above in Part II, Item 1.

We Rely on Assumptions and Estimates to Calculate Certain of our Key Growth Drivers, and Real or Perceived Inaccuracies in Such Metrics May Harm our Reputation and Negatively Affect our Business.

Our key metrics of unique users and Agent Advertisers are calculated using internal company data that has not been independently verified. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable calculations for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring such information. For example, our measurement of unique users may be

 

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affected by applications that automatically contact our servers to access our mobile applications and websites with no user action involved, and this activity can cause our system to count the user associated with such a device as a unique user on the day such contact occurs. In addition, our measurement of Agent Advertisers requires internal company calculations to ensure the number of Agent Advertisers is not duplicated across our various mobile applications and websites.

We regularly review and may adjust our processes for calculating our key growth drivers to improve their accuracy. Our measures of unique users and Agent Advertisers may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly-titled metrics of our competitors due to differences in methodology. If real estate professionals, advertisers or investors do not perceive our key growth drivers to be accurate representations of our user or advertiser engagement, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our key growth drivers, our reputation may be harmed, and real estate professionals and advertisers may be less willing to allocate their resources to our products and services, which could negatively affect our business and operating results.

We May in the Future Be Subject to Disputes Regarding the Accuracy of Our Zestimates, Rent Zestimates and Trulia Estimates.

We provide our users with Zestimate, Rent Zestimate and Trulia Estimate home and rental valuations. Zestimates and Trulia Estimates are our estimated current market values of a home based on our proprietary automated valuation models that apply advanced algorithms to analyze our data; they are not appraisals. A Rent Zestimate is our estimated current monthly rental price of a home, using similar automated valuation models that we have designed to address the unique attributes of rental homes. Revisions to our automated valuation models, or the algorithms that underlie them, may cause certain Zestimates, Rent Zestimates or Trulia Estimates to vary from our expectations for those Zestimates, Rent Zestimates or Trulia Estimates. In addition, from time to time, users disagree with our Zestimates, Rent Zestimates and Trulia Estimates. Any such variation in Zestimates, Rent Zestimates or Trulia Estimates or disagreements could result in distraction from our business or potentially harm our reputation and could result in legal disputes.

We May Be Unable to Continue to Use the Domain Names That We Use in Our Business, or Prevent Third Parties From Acquiring and Using Domain Names That Infringe on, Are Similar to, or Otherwise Decrease the Value of Our Brand or Our Trademarks or Service Marks.

We have registered domain names for our websites that we use in our business. If we lose the ability to use a domain name, we may incur significant expenses to market our products and services under a new domain name, which could harm our business. In addition, our competitors could attempt to capitalize on our brand recognition by using domain names similar to ours. Domain names similar to ours have been registered in the United States and elsewhere. We may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names that infringe on, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of our brand or our trademarks or service marks. Protecting and enforcing our rights in our domain names and determining the rights of others may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention.

We May Be Unable to Adequately Protect Our Intellectual Property, Which Could Harm the Value of Our Brands and Our Business.

We regard our intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark, copyright and patent law, trade secret protection and contracts to protect our proprietary rights. If we are not successful in protecting our intellectual property, the value of our brands and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

While we believe that our issued patents and pending patent applications help to protect our business, we cannot ensure that our operations do not, or will not, infringe valid, enforceable patents of third parties or that competitors will not devise new methods of competing with us that are not covered by our patents or patent applications. We cannot ensure that our patent applications will be approved, that any patents issued will adequately protect our intellectual property, that such patents will not be challenged by third parties or found to be invalid or unenforceable, or that our patents will be effective in preventing third parties from utilizing a “copycat” business model to offer the same products or services. Moreover, we rely on intellectual property and technology developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms or at all.

Effective trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services may be provided. The laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States and, therefore, in certain jurisdictions, we may be unable to protect intellectual property and our proprietary technology adequately against unauthorized third-party copying or use, which could harm our competitive position. We have licensed in the past, and expect to license in the future, certain of our proprietary rights, such as trademarks or copyrighted material, to third parties. These licensees may take actions that might diminish the value of our proprietary rights or harm our reputation, even if we have agreements prohibiting such activity. To the extent third parties are obligated to indemnify us for breaches of our intellectual property rights, these third parties may be unable to meet these obligations. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.

 

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In addition, we may actively pursue entities that infringe our intellectual property, including through legal action. Taking such action may be costly, and we cannot ensure that such actions will be successful. Any increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive for us to do business and harm our results of operations or financial condition.

Intellectual Property Disputes Are Costly to Defend and Could Harm Our Business, Results of Operations, Financial Condition and Reputation.

From time to time, we face allegations that we have infringed the trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property rights of third parties. We are currently subject to patent infringement claims. These claims allege, among other things, that aspects of our technology infringe upon the plaintiffs’ patents. If we are not successful in defending ourselves against these claims, we may be required to pay damages and may be subject to injunctions, each of which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. We may be subject to future claims or allegations relating to our intellectual property rights. As we grow our business and expand our operations, we expect that we will continue to be subject to intellectual property claims and allegations. Patent and other intellectual property disputes or litigation may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict and may require us to stop offering certain products, services or features, purchase licenses that may be expensive to procure, or modify our products or services. In addition, patent or other intellectual property disputes or litigation may result in significant settlement costs. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

In addition, we use open source software in our services and will continue to use open source software in the future. From time to time, we may be subject to claims brought against companies that incorporate open source software into their products or services, claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the source code, the open source software and/or derivative works that were developed using such software, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license, or require us to devote additional research and development resources to changing our products or services, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.

Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, the time and resources necessary to resolve them could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

Confidentiality Agreements With Employees and Others May Not Adequately Prevent Disclosure of Trade Secrets and Other Proprietary Information.

In order to protect our technologies and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our employees, licensees, independent contractors and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information, including trade secrets, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. To the extent that our employees, contractors or other third parties with whom we do business use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products by copying functionality. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, intellectual property laws may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain protection of our trade secrets or other proprietary information could harm our business, results of operations, reputation and competitive position.

We May Not Be Able to Halt the Operations of Websites That Aggregate or Misappropriate Our Data.

From time to time, third parties have misappropriated our data through website scraping, robots or other means, and aggregated this data on their websites with data from other companies. In addition, copycat websites have misappropriated data on our network and attempted to imitate our brand or the functionality of our websites. When we have become aware of such websites, we have employed technological or legal measures in an attempt to halt their operations. We may not be able, however, to detect all such websites in a timely manner and, even if we could, technological and legal measures may be insufficient to halt their operations. In some cases, particularly in the case of websites operating outside of the United States, our available remedies may not be adequate to protect us against the impact of the operation of such websites. Regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights against the operators of these websites, any measures that we may take could require us to expend significant financial or other resources, which could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, to the extent that such activity creates confusion among consumers or advertisers, our brands and business could be harmed.

We Are Subject to a Number of Risks Related to the Credit Card and Debit Card Payments We Accept.

We accept payments through credit and debit card transactions. For credit and debit card payments, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time. An increase in those fees may require us to increase the prices we charge and would increase our operating expenses, either of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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We depend on processing vendors to complete credit and debit card transactions. If we or our processing vendors fail to maintain adequate systems for the authorization and processing of credit card transactions, it could cause one or more of the major credit card companies to disallow our continued use of their payment products. In addition, if these systems fail to work properly and, as a result, we do not charge our customers’ credit cards on a timely basis or at all, our business, revenue, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

We are also subject to payment card association operating rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it more difficult for us to comply. We are required to comply with payment card industry security standards. Failing to comply with those standards may violate payment card association operating rules, federal and state laws and regulations, and the terms of our contracts with payment processors. Any failure to comply fully also may subject us to fines, penalties, damages and civil liability, and may result in the loss of our ability to accept credit and debit card payments. Further, there is no guarantee that such compliance will prevent illegal or improper use of our payment systems or the theft, loss, or misuse of data pertaining to credit and debit cards, card holders and transactions.

If we fail to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions, we may face civil liability, diminished public perception of our security measures, and significantly higher credit card-related costs, each of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to maintain our chargeback rate or refund rates at acceptable levels, our processing vendors may increase our transaction fees or terminate their relationships with us. Any increases in our credit and debit card fees could harm our results of operations, particularly if we elect not to raise our rates for our service to offset the increase. The termination of our ability to process payments on any major credit or debit card would significantly impair our ability to operate our business.

We Expect Our Results of Operations to Fluctuate on a Quarterly and Annual Basis.

Our revenue and results of operations could vary significantly from period to period and may fail to match expectations as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are outside our control. The other risk factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section may contribute to the variability of our quarterly and annual results. In addition, our results may fluctuate as a result of fluctuations in the quantity of, and the price at which we are able to sell, our remnant advertising and the size and seasonal variability of our advertisers’ marketing budgets. As a result of the potential variations in our revenue and results of operations, period-to-period comparisons may not be meaningful and the results of any one period should not be relied on as an indication of future performance. In addition, our results of operations may not meet the expectations of investors or public market analysts who follow us, which may adversely affect our stock price.

Our Ability to Use Our Net Operating Loss Carryforwards and Certain Other Tax Attributes May Be Limited.

As of December 31, 2014, Zillow had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $358.6 million, state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $7.2 million (tax effected), and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $6.5 million. As of December 31, 2014, Trulia had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $192.2 million, state net operating loss carryforward of approximately $7.7 million (tax effected), and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $13.6 million. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or income tax liability may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by certain “5-percent shareholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. In connection with Zillow’s August 2013 public offering of Zillow Class A Common stock, Zillow experienced an ownership change that triggered Section 382 and 383, which may limit our ability to utilize net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In connection with Zillow Group’s February 2015 acquisition of Trulia, Trulia experienced an ownership change that triggered Section 382 and 383, which may limit Zillow Group’s ability to utilize Trulia’s net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. If we experience one or more ownership changes in the future as a result of future transactions in our stock, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards could be limited. Furthermore, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards of any companies that we have acquired or may acquire in the future may be limited. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards, other pre-change tax attributes, or net operating loss carryforwards of any acquired companies to offset our federal taxable income or reduce our federal income tax liability may be subject to limitation.

The Requirements of Being a Public Company May Strain Our Resources and Distract Our Management, Which Could Make It Difficult to Manage Our Business.

We are required to comply with various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those required by the SEC. Complying with these reporting and other regulatory requirements can be time-consuming and results in increased costs to us and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

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As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These requirements could strain our systems and resources. The Exchange Act also requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Exchange Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. To maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have committed significant resources, hired additional staff and provided additional management oversight. We have implemented additional procedures and processes for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. Sustaining our growth will require us to commit additional management, operational and financial resources to identify new professionals to join us and to maintain appropriate operational and financial systems to adequately support expansion. These activities may divert management’s attention from other business concerns and could make it difficult to manage our business, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, if we identify any material weaknesses in our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

Our Class A Stock Price May Be Volatile, and the Value of an Investment in Our Class A Common Stock May Decline.

An active, liquid and orderly market for our Class A common stock may not be sustained, which could depress the trading price of our Class A common stock. The trading price of our Class A common stock has at times experienced price volatility and may continue to be volatile. For example, since shares of our Class A common stock began trading in February 2015, the closing price of our Class A common stock has ranged from $100.30 per share to $125.49 per share through March 31, 2015. The market price of our Class A common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many of the risk factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and others beyond our control, including:

 

    actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations;

 

    changes in projected operational and financial results;

 

    addition or loss of significant customers;

 

    actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to that of our competitors;

 

    announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital-raising activities or commitments;

 

    announcements of technological innovations or new offerings by us or our competitors;

 

    additions or departures of key personnel;

 

    changes in laws or regulations applicable to our services;

 

    fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;

 

    issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts;

 

    sales of our Class A common stock by us or our shareholders;

 

    issuances of our Class A common stock upon conversion of Trulia’s Convertible Senior Notes due in 2020;

 

    stock price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares; and

 

    general economic and market conditions.

Furthermore, the stock markets in recent years have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of the equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our Class A common stock. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We are currently the target of this type of litigation as described in “Legal Proceedings” above in Part II, Item 1, and we may continue to be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Current and future securities litigation against us, including the pending matter described below, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.

 

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The Structure of Our Capital Stock as Contained in Our Charter Documents Has the Effect of Concentrating Voting Control With Our Founders, and Limits Your Ability to Influence Corporate Matters.

Since Zillow Group’s inception, our capital structure has included authorized Class A common stock and authorized Class B common stock. Our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share, and our Class B common stock entitles its holder to 10 votes per share. All shares of Class B common stock have been and are held or controlled by our founders, Richard Barton and Lloyd Frink. As of March 31, 2015, Mr. Barton’s holdings and Mr. Frink’s holdings represented approximately 32.9% and 21.5%, respectively, of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock.

For the foreseeable future, Mr. Barton and Mr. Frink will therefore have significant control over our management and affairs and will be able to control most matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election or removal (with or without cause) of directors and the approval of any significant corporate transaction, such as a merger or other sale of us or our assets. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation also authorize a class of nonvoting capital stock designated as Class C capital stock. Because the Class C capital stock carries no voting rights (except as required by applicable law or as expressly provided in our amended and restated articles of incorporation), the issuance of Class C capital stock in the future (instead of Class A common stock) could prolong the duration of Mr. Barton’s and Mr. Frink’s relative ownership of our voting power. This concentrated control could delay, defer or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation, takeover, or other business combination involving us that you, as a shareholder, may otherwise support. This concentrated control could also discourage a potential investor from acquiring our Class A common stock (or Class C capital stock, if any Class C capital stock is issued and becomes publicly traded) due to the limited voting power of such stock relative to the Class B common stock and might harm the market price of our Class A common stock (and Class C capital stock, if it is publicly traded).

Future Sales of Our Stock in the Public Market Could Cause Our Stock Price to Decline.

Our Class A common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on February 18, 2015. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of shares or the availability of shares for sale will have on the prevailing trading price of our Class A common stock from time to time. There is currently no contractual restriction on our ability to issue additional shares, and all of our outstanding shares are generally freely tradable, except for shares held by our “affiliates” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which may be sold in compliance with the volume restrictions of Rule 144. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, our amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize a class of nonvoting capital stock designated as Class C capital stock. Accordingly, we may in the future issue shares of Class C capital stock for financings, acquisitions or equity incentives. If we issue shares of Class C capital stock in the future, such issuances would have a dilutive effect on the economic interest of our Class A common stock.

If Securities or Industry Analysts Do Not Publish Research or Publish Inaccurate or Unfavorable Research About Our Business, Our Class A Common Stock Price and Trading Volume Could Decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about our company. If few or no securities or industry analysts cover our company, the market price of our Class A common stock could be negatively impacted. If securities or industry analysts cover us and if one or more of such analysts downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of the analysts covering us fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A common stock could decline, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

If We Issue Additional Equity Securities or Issue Convertible Debt to Raise Capital, It May Have a Dilutive Effect on Shareholders’ Investment.

If we raise additional capital through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of us. Moreover, any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.

Anti-Takeover Provisions in Our Charter Documents and Under Washington Law Could Make an Acquisition of Us More Difficult, Limit Attempts by Shareholders to Replace or Remove Our Management and Affect the Market Price of Our Class A Common Stock.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws, as amended and restated, may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws include provisions, some of which will become effective only after the date, which we refer to as the threshold date, on which the

 

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Class B common stock controlled by our founders represents less than 7% of the aggregate number of shares of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, that:

 

    set forth the structure of our capital stock, which concentrates voting control of matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders with the holders of our Class B common stock, which is held or controlled by our founders;

 

    authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by our shareholders, up to 30,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, subject, prior to the threshold date, to the approval rights of the holders of our Class B common stock;

 

    authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by our shareholders, up to 600,000,000 shares of nonvoting Class C capital stock;

 

    establish that our board of directors will be divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with each class serving three-year staggered terms;

 

    prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 

    provide that, after the threshold date, our directors may be removed only for cause;

 

    provide that, after the threshold date, vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office or by the sole remaining director;

 

    provide that only our board of directors may change the board’s size;

 

    specify that special meetings of our shareholders can be called only by the chair of our board of directors, our board of directors, our chief executive officer, our president or, prior to the threshold date, holders of at least 25% of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at any such special meeting;

 

    establish an advance notice procedure for shareholder proposals to be brought before a meeting of shareholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;

 

    require the approval of our board of directors or the holders of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast by shareholders generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single group, to amend or repeal our bylaws; and

 

    require the approval of not less than two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on a proposed amendment, voting together as a single group, to amend certain provisions of our articles of incorporation.

Prior to the threshold date, our directors can be removed with or without cause by holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single group, and vacancies on the board of directors may be filled by such shareholders, voting together as a single group. Given the structure of our capital stock, our founders, Richard Barton and Lloyd Frink, who hold or control our Class B common stock, will have the ability for the foreseeable future to control these shareholder actions. See the risk factor above titled “The Structure of Our Capital Stock as Contained in Our Charter Documents Has the Effect of Concentrating Voting Control With our Founders, and Limits Your Ability to Influence Corporate Matters.”

The provisions described above, after the threshold date, may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for shareholders to replace members of our board of directors, which board is responsible for appointing our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in the State of Washington, we are governed by the provisions of Chapter 23B.19 of the Washington Business Corporation Act, which prohibits certain business combinations between us and certain significant shareholders unless specified conditions are met. These provisions may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company, even if this change of control would benefit our shareholders.

 

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I tem 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On February 19, 2015, in connection with a sponsorship agreement involving an equity-based payment to a non-employee recipient, we issued 1,391 restricted shares of our Class A common stock to the recipient. This transaction was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The recipient of restricted shares of our Class A common stock in this transaction represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in these transactions. The recipient had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about Zillow Group.

There were no other sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended March 31, 2015.

 

It em 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

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I tem 6. Exhibits

Certain of the following exhibits have heretofore been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are incorporated by reference from the documents described in parentheses. Certain others are filed herewith. The exhibits are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K. In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, please remember that they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreement. The agreements may contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other party or parties to the applicable agreement and (i) should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a means of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party or parties in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement; (iii) may apply standards of materiality in a manner that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or other date or dates that may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s other public filings, and the prior public filings of Zillow, Inc. and Trulia, Inc., which are available without charge through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Exhibit

Number

  

Description

    2.1+    Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 16, 2013, by and among Zillow, Inc., NMD Interactive, Inc., d/b/a StreetEasy, Strawberry Acquisition, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC (Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference).
    2.2+    Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 28, 2014, by and among Zillow, Inc., the Company (f/k/a Zebra Holdco, Inc.) and Trulia, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 29, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
    3.1    Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zillow Group, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
    3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Zillow Group, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
    4.1    Specimen of Class A Common Stock Certificate.
    4.2    Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2013, between Trulia, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Trulia, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17, 2013 (File No. 001-35650), and incorporated herein by reference).
    4.3   

Form of Note for Trulia, Inc.’s 2.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2

hereto).

    4.4    Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 17, 2015, among Zillow Group, Inc., Trulia, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.1*    Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Zillow, Inc.’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) on June 20, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.2*    Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Zillow, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) filed on April 18, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.3*    Market Leader, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (Filed as Appendix A to Market Leader, Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 000-51032) on April 10, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.4*    Trulia, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and form of Stock Option Agreement and form of Stock Option Grant Notice thereunder (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

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Exhibit

Number

  

Description

  10.5*    Trulia, Inc. SMT Bonus Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.6*    Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (Filed as Appendix A to Zillow, Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 001-35237) on April 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.7*    Amendment No. 1 to the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (Filed as Appendix A to Zillow, Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 001-35237) on April 16, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.8*    Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. 2011 Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Zillow, Inc.’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) on June 20, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.9*    Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.10*    Form of Restricted Unit Award Notice and Restricted Unit Award Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.11*    Amended and Restated Stock Option Grant Program for Nonemployee Directors under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan, as amended.
  10.12*    Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (Assumed by Registrant).
  10.13*    Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (Assumed by Registrant).
  10.14*    Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with Securities and Exchange Commission (File No. 001-35650) on August 12, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.15*    Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (Assumed by Registrant).
  10.16*    Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (Assumed by Registrant).
  10.17*    Executive Employment Agreement by and between Spencer M. Rascoff and Zillow, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Zillow, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) on May 23, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.18*    Executive Employment Agreement by and between Chad M. Cohen and Zillow, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Zillow, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S- 1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) on May 23, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.19*    Executive Employment Agreement by and between Kathleen Philips and Zillow, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Zillow, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-173570) on May 23, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.20*    Employment Offer Letter, dated October 17, 2011, between Trulia, Inc. and Prashant “Sean” Aggarwal (Filed as Exhibit 10.6 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.21*    Employment Offer Letter, dated October 17, 2011, between Trulia, Inc. and Scott Darling (Filed as Exhibit 10.8 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

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Exhibit

Number

  

Description

  10.22*    Confirmatory Employment Letter, dated August 3, 2012, between Trulia, Inc. and Daniele Farnedi (Filed as Exhibit 10.9 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.23*    Confirmatory Employment Letter, dated August 3, 2012, between Trulia, Inc. and Peter Flint (Filed as Exhibit 10.5 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 333-183364) on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.24*    Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement by and between Errol Samuelson and Zillow, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.25*    Letter Agreement dated June 16, 2014 by and between Zillow, Inc. and Greg M. Schwartz (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 18, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.26*    Executive Employment Agreement, dated February 17, 2015, between Paul Levine and Zillow Group, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.8 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.27*    Transition Employment Letter Agreement, dated February 17, 2015, by and between Peter Flint and the Registrant.
  10.28*    Form of Confidential Information, Inventions, and Nonsolicitation Agreement for certain officers of Zillow, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.29*    Forms of Confidential Information, Inventions, Nonsolicitation and Noncompetition Agreement for the Officers of Zillow Group, Inc.
  10.30*    Form of Indemnification Agreement between Zillow Group, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers (Filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.31    Multi-Tenant Office Lease, dated January 24, 2011, between Trulia, Inc. and LBA Realty Fund II—WBP III, LLC (Filed as Exhibit 10.16 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 17, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.32    First Amendment to Multi-Tenant Office Lease, dated August 31, 2012, between Trulia, Inc. and LBA Realty Fund II—WBP III, LLC (Filed as Exhibit 10.17 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.33    Office Lease between The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and Zillow, Inc. dated March 22, 2011 (Filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Zillow, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-173570) filed on April 18, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.34    Amendment to Office Lease by and between FSP-RIC LLC and Zillow, Inc., dated as of June 27, 2012 (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.35    Second Amendment to Lease by and between FSP-RIC, LLC and Zillow, Inc., dated as of April 16, 2013 (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 22, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.36    Third Amendment to Lease by and between FSP-RIC, LLC and Zillow, Inc., dated as of January 10, 2014 (Filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.37    Fourth Amendment to Lease by and between FSP-RIC, LLC and Zillow, Inc., dated as of May 2, 2014 (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.38    Fifth Amendment to Lease by and between FSP-RIC, LLC and Zillow, Inc., dated as of November 19, 2014 (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Zillow, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 24, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

69


Table of Contents

Exhibit

Number

  

Description

  10.39    Lease, dated March 10, 2014, between Trulia and BXP Mission 535 LLC (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.40    Amendment to Office Lease, dated July 25, 2014, between Trulia and BXP Mission 535 LLC (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.41†    Platform Services Agreement, dated April 7, 2011, by and between Zillow, Inc. and Threewide Corporation (Filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Zillow, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference).
  10.42†    Platform Services Agreement, dated June 19, 2012, between Trulia, Inc. and Move Sales, Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.13 on Trulia, Inc.’s Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
  31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

 

+ Schedules omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Zillow Group agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

70


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Dated: May 12, 2015 ZILLOW GROUP, INC.
By:

/s/ C HAD M. C OHEN

Name: Chad M. Cohen
Title:   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

71

Exhibit 4.1

LOGO

shares
inCoRpoRATed undeR The lAWs of The sTATe of WAshinGTon see ReveRse foR CeRTAin definiTions
CUSIP 98954M 10 1
This certifies that
is the record holder of
Fully paid and nonassessable shares oF Class a Common sToCk, $0.0001 par value, oF
ZILLOW GROUP, INC. transferable on the books of the Corporation in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this
Certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate is not valid until countersigned by the Transfer Agent and registered by the Registrar.
WiTness theCERTIFICATE facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures OF of its duly authorized STOCK officers.
Dated:
number
zG
W GROUP
O , I
L O N
I L RP RA C
Z O TE .
CSEAL
JULY 25, 2014 H
H
WA O N
SHINGT
Chief executive officer
CounTeRsiGned And ReGisTeRed:
CompuTershare shareowner serviCes llC
TRAnsfeR AGenT And ReGisTRAR
By:
AuThoRized siGnATuRe


LOGO

This Certificate evidences shares of Class A Common Stock of the Corporation. Other classes of shares of the Corporation are ormayin the future be authorized, and those classes may consist of one or more series of shares, each with different rights, preferences and limitations. The Corporation will furnish any shareholder upon request and without charge a full statement of the designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights of the shares of each class authorized to be issued, and the variations in the relative rights and preferences between the shares of each seriess of aras the same have been fixed and determined, and the authority of the board of directors to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of subsequent series.
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this Certificate, shall becon strued as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:
TENCOM –astenantsincommon TENENT –astenantsbytheentireties JTTEN –asjointtenantswithrightof
survivorshipandnotastenants in common
COMPROP–ascommunityproperty
UNIF GIFT MIN ACT – . Custodian
(Cust) (Minor) under Uniform Gifts to Minors
Act (State)
UNIF TRF MIN ACT – . Custodian (until age .)
(Cust)
. (Minor) under Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (State)
Additionalabbreviationsmayalsobeusedthoughnotintheabovelist.
FORVALUERECEIVED,            herebysell(s),assign(s)andtransfer(s)unto
PLEASEINSERTSOCIALSECURITyOROThER IDENTIFyINGNUMbEROFASSIGNEE
(PLEASEPRINTORTyPEwRITENAMEANDADDRESS,INCLUDINGzIPCODE,OFASSIGNEE)
shares ofthecapitalstockrepresentedbythewithinCertificate,anddoherebyirrevocablyconstituteandappoint
attorney-in-fact to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated
X X
NOTICE: ThESIGNATURETOThISASSIGNMENTMUSTCORRESPONDwIThThENAMEASwRITTENUPONThE
FACEOFThECERTIFICATEINEVERyPARTICULAR,wIThOUTALTERATIONORENLARGEMENTORANy
ChANGEwhATSOEVER.
Signature(s)Guaranteed:
by
ThESIGNATURE(S)ShOULDbEGUARANTEEDbyANELIGIbLEGUARANTORINSTITUTION,(bANkS,STOCkbROkERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS wITh MEMbERShIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEEMEDALLIONPROGRAM),PURSUANTTOS.E.C.RULE17Ad-15.GUARANTEESbyANOTARyPUbLICARENOT ACCEPTAbLE.SIGNATUREGUARANTEESMUSTNOTbEDATED.

Exhibit 10.11

AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCK OPTION GRANT PROGRAM

FOR

NONEMPLOYEE DIRECTORS UNDER THE

ZILLOW, INC. AMENDED AND RESTATED

2011 INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED

The following provisions set forth the terms of the stock option grant program (the “ Program ”) for nonemployee directors of Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan, as amended and as assumed by the Company (the “ Plan ”). In the event of any inconsistency between the terms contained herein and in the Plan, the Plan shall govern. Capitalized terms that are not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Plan.

1. Eligibility

Each director of the Company elected or appointed to the Board who is not otherwise an officer or employee of the Company or of any Related Company (an “ Eligible Director ”) shall be eligible to receive Options under the Plan, as described below.

2. Annual Option Grants

(a) Beginning on March 1, 2015 and on each anniversary thereafter (the “ Grant Date ”), each individual who was an Eligible Director during the twelve months preceding the Grant Date shall automatically receive a Nonqualified Stock Option to purchase that number of shares of Class A Common Stock with a Black-Scholes-Merton value (or such other valuation method then being used by the Company to value its stock options for financial reporting purposes) equal to $150,000, with any fractional share rounded to the nearest whole share (0.5 to be rounded up) (each, an “ Annual Option Grant ”).

(b) In the event of an Eligible Director’s initial election or appointment to the Board during the twelve-month period prior to a Grant Date, such Eligible Director shall automatically receive a prorated Annual Option Grant on the first Grant Date after initial election or appointment to the Board, based on the number of full calendar months that have elapsed between the date of the Eligible Director’s initial election or appointment to the Board and the Grant Date.

3. Option Vesting

Annual Option Grants shall be fully vested and exercisable on the Grant Date.

4. Option Exercise Price

The per share exercise price of an Annual Option Grant shall be equal to the Fair Market Value of the Class A Common Stock on the Grant Date.

5. Payment of Exercise Price

Options granted under the Program shall be exercised by giving notice to the Company (or a brokerage firm designated or approved by the Company) in such form as required by the Company, stating the number of shares of Class A Common Stock with respect to which the Option is being exercised, accompanied by payment in full for such Class A Common Stock, which payment may be made, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, in whole or in part:

(a) by cash, check or wire transfer;

(b) if and so long as the Class A Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act, by delivery of a properly executed exercise notice, together with irrevocable instructions to a broker, to promptly deliver to


the Company the amount of proceeds to pay the exercise price, all in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board; or

(c) by such other consideration as the Compensation Committee may permit.

6. Term of Options

Each Option shall expire seven years from the Grant Date thereof (the “ Option Expiration Date ”), but shall be subject to earlier termination as follows:

(a) General Rule. In the event of an Eligible Director’s Termination of Service for any reason other than death, Disability or for Cause, the Option may be exercised by the Eligible Director only until the earlier of (i) two years after the Eligible Director’s Termination of Service and (ii) the Option Expiration Date;

(b) Death or Disability . In the event of an Eligible Director’s Termination of Service by reason of death or Disability, the Option may be exercised only until the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the date of the Eligible Director’s Termination of Service and (ii) the Option Expiration Date. If an Eligible Director dies after his or her Termination of Service but while the Option is still exercisable, the Option may be exercised until the earlier of (x) the one-year anniversary of the date of death and (y) the Option Expiration Date; and

(c) Cause . In the event of an Eligible Director’s Termination of Service for Cause, the Option shall terminate and no longer be exercisable, unless the Committee determines otherwise.

7. Amendment

The Board or the Compensation Committee may amend the provisions contained herein in such respects as it deems advisable. Unless otherwise provided in the Plan, any such amendment shall not, without the consent of the Eligible Director, materially adversely affect any rights of an Eligible Director under an Option.

Provisions of the Plan (including any amendments thereto) that are not discussed herein, to the extent applicable to Eligible Directors, shall continue to govern the terms and conditions of Options granted to Eligible Directors.

8. Effective Date

This Program shall become effective on March 1, 2015 and, unless sooner terminated by the Board or the Compensation Committee, shall remain effective during the term of the Plan.

Exhibit 10.12

ZILLOW, INC.

AMENDED AND RESTATED 2011 INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION GRANT NOTICE

Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) hereby grants to you an Option (the “ Option ”) to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”). The Option is subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Notice (this “ Grant Notice ”) and in the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (the “ Stock Option Agreement ”) and the Plan, which are incorporated into this Grant Notice in their entirety.

 

Participant:
Grant Number:
Grant Date:
Vesting Commencement Date:
Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Subject to Option (the “ Shares ”):
Exercise Price (per Share):
Option Expiration Date:
Type of Option : Nonqualified Stock Option
Vesting and Exercisability Schedule (subject to continued employment or service) :

Additional Terms/Acknowledgement : You acknowledge receipt of, and understand and agree to, this Grant Notice, the Stock Option Agreement and the Plan. You further acknowledge that as of the Grant Date, this Grant Notice, the Stock Option Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between you and the Company regarding the Option and supersede all prior oral and written agreements on the subject.

Note: References to “ Company ” in the Plan are deemed to refer to “ Zillow Group, Inc. ” except that such reference in the definition of “ IPO Date ” in the Plan continues to refer to Zillow, Inc.


ZILLOW, INC.

AMENDED AND RESTATED 2011 INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Pursuant to your Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Notice (the “ Grant Notice ”) and this Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) has granted you an Option under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”) to purchase the number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock indicated in your Grant Notice (the “ Shares ”) at the exercise price indicated in your Grant Notice. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Agreement or the Grant Notice but defined in the Plan have the same definitions as in the Plan.

The details of the Option are as follows:

1. Vesting and Exercisability . Subject to the limitations contained herein, the Option will vest and become exercisable as provided in your Grant Notice, provided that vesting will cease upon your Termination of Service and the unvested portion of the Option will terminate.

2. Securities Law Compliance . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, you may not exercise the Option unless the Shares issuable upon exercise are registered under the Securities Act or, if such Shares are not then so registered, the Company has determined that such exercise and issuance would be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The exercise of the Option must also comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the Option, and you may not exercise the Option if the Company determines that such exercise would not be in material compliance with such laws and regulations.

3. Independent Tax Advice . You should obtain tax advice independent from the Company when exercising the Option and prior to the disposition of the Shares.

4. Method of Exercise . You may exercise the Option by giving written notice to the Company, in form and substance satisfactory to the Company, which will state your election to exercise the Option and the number of Shares for which you are exercising the Option. The written notice must be accompanied by full payment of the exercise price for the number of Shares you are purchasing. You may make this payment in any combination of the following: (a) by cash; (b) by wire transfer or check acceptable to the Company; (c) if permitted by the Committee, by having the Company withhold shares of Class A Common Stock that would otherwise be issued on exercise of the Option; (d) if permitted by the Committee, by tendering already owned shares of Class A Common Stock; (e) if the Class A Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act and to the extent permitted by law, by instructing a broker to deliver to the Company the total payment required; or (f) by any other method permitted by the Committee.


5. Treatment upon Termination of Service . The unvested portion of the Option will terminate automatically and without further notice immediately upon your Termination of Service. You may exercise the vested portion of the Option as follows:

(a) General Rule . You must exercise the vested portion of the Option on or before the earlier of (i) three months after your Termination of Service and (ii) the Option Expiration Date;

(b) Retirement or Disability . If your employment or service relationship terminates due to Retirement or Disability, you must exercise the vested portion of the Option on or before the earlier of (i) one year after your Termination of Service and (ii) the Option Expiration Date;

(c) Death . If your employment or service relationship terminates due to your death, the vested portion of the Option must be exercised on or before the earlier of (i) one year after your Termination of Service and (ii) the Option Expiration Date. If you die after your Termination of Service but while the Option is still exercisable, the vested portion of the Option may be exercised until the earlier of (x) one year after the date of death and (y) the Option Expiration Date; and

(d) Cause . The vested portion of the Option will automatically expire at the time the Company or a Related Company first notifies you of your Termination of Service for Cause, unless the Committee determines otherwise. If your employment or service relationship is suspended pending an investigation of whether you will be terminated for Cause, all your rights under the Option likewise will be suspended during the period of investigation. If any facts that would constitute termination for Cause are discovered after your Termination of Service, any Option you then hold may be immediately terminated by the Committee.

It is your responsibility to be aware of the date the Option terminates.

6. Limited Transferability . During your lifetime only you can exercise the Option. The Option is not transferable except by will or by the applicable laws of descent and distribution. The Plan provides for exercise of the Option by a beneficiary designated on a Company-approved form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may permit you to assign or transfer the Option, subject to such terms and conditions as specified by the Committee.

7. Withholding Taxes . As a condition to the exercise of any portion of an Option, you must make such arrangements as the Company may require for the satisfaction of any federal, state, local or foreign withholding tax obligations that may arise in connection with such exercise.


8. Option Not an Employment or Service Contract . Nothing in the Plan or any Award granted under the Plan will be deemed to constitute an employment contract or confer or be deemed to confer any right for you to continue in the employ of, or to continue any other relationship with, the Company or any Related Company or limit in any way the right of the Company or any Related Company to terminate your employment or other service relationship at any time, with or without cause.

9. No Right to Damages . You will have no right to bring a claim or to receive damages if you are required to exercise the vested portion of the Option within three months (one year in the case of Retirement, Disability or death) of your Termination of Service or if any portion of the Option is cancelled or expires unexercised. The loss of existing or potential profit in the Option will not constitute an element of damages in the event of your Termination of Service for any reason even if the termination is in violation of an obligation of the Company or a Related Company to you.

10. Binding Effect . The Grant Notice and this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company and be binding upon you and your heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

11. Section 409A . Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan, the Grant Notice or this Agreement to the contrary, the Committee may, at any time and without your consent, modify the terms of the Option as it determines appropriate to avoid the imposition of interest or penalties under Section 409A; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations that the Option will be exempt from or comply with Section 409A and makes no undertaking to preclude Section 409A from applying to the Option.

Exhibit 10.13

ZILLOW, INC.

AMENDED AND RESTATED 2011 INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD NOTICE

Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) hereby grants to you (“ Participant ”) a Restricted Stock Unit Award (the “ Award ”). The Award is subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice (the “ Award Notice ”) and the Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (the “ Award Agreement ”) and the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”), which are incorporated into the Award Notice in their entirety.

 

Participant:
Grant Date:
Number of Restricted Stock Units Subject to Award (the “ Units ”):
Vesting Commencement Date:
Vesting Schedule (subject to continued employment or service):

Additional Terms/Acknowledgement : You acknowledge receipt of, and understand and agree to, the Award Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan. You further acknowledge that as of the Grant Date, the Award Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between you and the Company regarding the Award and supersede all prior oral and written agreements on the subject. The Award is hereby granted in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations to grant such Award pursuant to the terms of your offer letter.

 

ZILLOW GROUP, INC. PARTICIPANT
By:

 

 

Its:

 

Address:

 

 

Attachments :

1. Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

2. Plan Summary for the Plan

Date Accepted:

 

Note : References to “ Company ” in the Plan are deemed to refer to “ Zillow Group, Inc. ” except that such reference in the definition of “ IPO Date ” in the Plan continues to refer to Zillow, Inc.


ZILLOW, INC.

AMENDED AND RESTATED 2011 INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

Pursuant to your Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice (the “ Award Notice ”) and this Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (this “ Award Agreement ”), Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) has granted to you a Restricted Stock Unit Award (the “ Award ”) under the Zillow, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”) for the number of Restricted Stock Units indicated in your Award Notice. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Award Agreement or the Award Notice but defined in the Plan have the same definitions as in the Plan.

The details of the Award are as follows:

 

1. Vesting

Subject to the terms of this Award Agreement, the Award will vest as set forth in the Award Notice (the “ Vesting Schedule ”). One share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issuable for each Restricted Stock Unit that vests. Restricted Stock Units that have vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture according to the Vesting Schedule are referred to herein as “ Vested Units .” Restricted Stock Units that have not vested and remain subject to forfeiture under the Vesting Schedule are referred to herein as “ Unvested Units .” The Unvested Units will vest (and to the extent so vested cease to be Unvested Units remaining subject to forfeiture) in accordance with the Vesting Schedule (the Unvested and Vested Units are collectively referred to herein as the “ Units ”).

Except as otherwise provided by this Award Agreement, as soon as practicable after Unvested Units become Vested Units, but not later than 60 days after vesting, the Company will settle the Vested Units by issuing to you one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for each Vested Unit. If a vesting date falls on a weekend or any other date on which the Nasdaq Stock Market (“ NASDAQ ”) is not open, affected Units will vest on the next following NASDAQ business day.

 

2. Termination of Service

Upon your Termination of Service on a full-time basis for any reason, any portion of the Award that has not vested as provided in Section 1 will immediately be forfeited to the Company without payment of any further consideration to you. You will have no further rights, and the Company will have no further obligations to you, with respect to such Unvested Units.

 

3. Securities Law Compliance

3.1 You represent and warrant that you have been furnished with a copy of the Plan and the plan summary for the Plan.

3.2 You hereby agree that you will in no event sell or distribute all or any part of the shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that you may receive pursuant to settlement of the Units (the “ Shares ”) unless (a) there is an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and applicable state securities laws covering any such transaction involving the Shares, or (b) the Company receives an opinion of your legal counsel (concurred in by legal counsel for the Company) stating that such transaction is exempt from registration or the Company otherwise satisfies itself that such transaction is exempt from registration.


3.3 You confirm that you have been advised, prior to your receipt of the Shares, that neither the offering of the Shares nor any offering materials have been reviewed by any administrator under the Securities Act or any other applicable securities act (the “ Acts ”) and that the Shares cannot be resold unless they are registered under the Acts or unless an exemption from such registration is available.

3.4 You hereby agree to indemnify the Company and hold it harmless from and against any loss, claim or liability, including attorneys’ fees or legal expenses, incurred by the Company as a result of any breach by you of, or any inaccuracy in, any representation, warranty or statement made by you in this Award Agreement or the breach by you of any terms or conditions of this Award Agreement.

 

4. Transfer Restrictions

Units may not be sold, transferred, assigned, encumbered, pledged or otherwise disposed of, whether voluntarily or by operation of law.

 

5. No Rights as Shareholder

You will not have any voting, dividend or any other rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Units.

 

6. Independent Tax Advice

You acknowledge that determining the actual tax consequences to you of receiving or disposing of the Units and the Shares may be complicated. These tax consequences will depend, in part, on your specific situation and may also depend on the resolution of currently uncertain tax law and other variables not within the control of the Company. You are aware that you should consult a competent and independent tax advisor for a full understanding of the specific tax consequences to you of receiving the Units and receiving or disposing of the Shares. Prior to executing the Award Notice, you either have consulted with a competent tax advisor independent of the Company to obtain tax advice concerning the receipt of the Units and the receipt or disposition of the Shares in light of your specific situation or you have had the opportunity to consult with such a tax advisor but chose not to do so.

 

7. Book Entry Registration of Shares

The Company will issue the Shares by registering the Shares in book entry form with the Company’s transfer agent in your name and the applicable restrictions will be noted in the records of the Company’s transfer agent and in the book entry system.

 

8. Withholding

8.1 You understand that under United States federal tax laws in effect on the Grant Date, you will have taxable compensation income at the time of vesting of the Units based on the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares on each vesting date. You are ultimately responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Award (e.g., at grant, vesting and/or upon receipt of the Shares), including any federal, state, local or foreign taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld by the Company in connection with the Award, including FICA or any other tax obligation (the “ Tax Withholding Obligation ”), regardless of any action the Company or any Related Company takes with respect to any such Tax Withholding Obligation. The Company makes no representation or undertaking regarding the adequacy of any tax withholding made in connection with the Award. The Company has no obligation to deliver Shares pursuant to the Award until you have satisfied the Tax Withholding Obligation.


8.2 In order to satisfy your obligations set forth in Section 8.1, you hereby irrevocably appoint any brokerage firm acceptable to the Company for such purpose (the “ Agent ”) as your Agent, and authorize the Agent, to:

 

  (a) Sell on the open market at the then prevailing market price(s), on your behalf, as soon as practicable on or after the settlement date for any Vested Units, the minimum number of Shares (rounded up to the next whole number) sufficient to generate proceeds to cover the amount of any Tax Withholding Obligation and all applicable fees and commissions due to, or required to be collected by, the Agent;

 

  (b) Remit directly to the Company the cash amount necessary to cover the payment of such Tax Withholding Obligation, as of such date;

 

  (c) Retain the amount required to cover all applicable brokerage fees, commissions and other costs of sale due to, or required to be collected by, the Agent, relating directly to the sale of Shares referred to in clause (a) above; and

 

  (d) Remit any remaining funds to you.

As of the date of execution of the Award Notice, you represent and warrant that you are not aware of any material nonpublic information with respect to the Company or any securities of the Company, are not subject to any legal, regulatory or contractual restriction that would prevent the Agent from conducting sales as provided herein, do not have, and will not attempt to exercise, authority, influence or control over any sales of Shares effected pursuant to this Section 8.2, and are entering into this Section 8.2 of the Award Agreement in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1 (regarding trading of the Company’s securities on the basis of material nonpublic information) under the Exchange Act. It is the intent of the parties that this Section 8.2 comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) under the Exchange Act and the Award Agreement will be interpreted to comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act.

You understand that the Agent may effect sales as provided in clause (a) above jointly with sales for other employees of the Company and that the average price for executions resulting from bunched orders will be assigned to your account. You acknowledge that neither the Company nor the Agent is under any obligation to arrange for such sales at any particular price, and that the proceeds of any such sales may not be sufficient to satisfy your Tax Withholding Obligation. In addition, you acknowledge that it may not be possible to sell Shares as provided by this Section 8.2 due to (i) a legal or contractual restriction applicable to you or the Agent, (ii) a market disruption, or (iii) rules governing order execution priority on the NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchange where the Shares may be traded. In the event of the Agent’s inability to sell any Shares or that number of Shares sufficient to cover your Tax Withholding Obligation, you will continue to be responsible for payment to the Company of all federal, state, local and foreign taxes that are required by applicable laws and regulations to be withheld.

You acknowledge that regardless of any other term or condition of the Award Agreement, neither the Agent nor the Company will be liable to you for (a) special, indirect, punitive, exemplary, or consequential damages, or incidental losses or damages of any kind, or (b) any failure to perform or for any delay in performance that results from a cause or circumstance that is beyond the Agent’s reasonable control.

You hereby agree to execute and deliver to the Agent any other agreements or documents as the Agent reasonably deems necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and intent of this Section 8.2. The Agent is a third party beneficiary of this Section 8.2.


8.3 Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Company has the right to retain without notice from Shares issuable under the Award or from salary or other amounts payable to you, a number of whole Shares or cash having a value sufficient to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation, and you hereby authorize the Company to do so.

8.4 Furthermore, you acknowledge that the Company (i) makes no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax Withholding Obligations or tax treatment in connection with any aspect of the Award, including but not limited to, the grant, vesting, the issuance of Shares upon vesting, the subsequent sale of Shares acquired pursuant to the Award and the receipt of any dividends, and (ii) does not commit to and is under no obligation to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Award to reduce or eliminate your liability for Tax Withholding Obligations or achieve any particular tax result. Further, if you have become subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction, you acknowledge that the Company (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax Withholding Obligations in more than one jurisdiction.

 

9. General Provisions

9.1 Assignment . The Company may assign its rights under this Award Agreement at any time, whether or not such rights are then exercisable, to any person or entity selected by the Company’s Board of Directors.

9.2 No Waiver . No waiver of any provision of this Award Agreement will be valid unless in writing and signed by the person against whom such waiver is sought to be enforced, nor will failure to enforce any right hereunder constitute a continuing waiver of the same or a waiver of any other right hereunder.

9.3 Undertaking . You hereby agree to take whatever additional action and execute whatever additional documents the Company may deem necessary or advisable in order to carry out or effect one or more of the obligations or restrictions imposed on either you or the Units pursuant to the express provisions of this Award Agreement.

9.4 Agreement Is Entire Contract . This Award Agreement, the Award Notice and the Plan constitute the entire contract between the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior oral or written agreements on the subject. This Award Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan will in all respects be construed in conformity with the express terms and provisions of the Plan.

9.5 Successors and Assigns . The provisions of this Award Agreement and the Award Notice will inure to the benefit of, and be binding on, the Company and its successors and assigns and you and your legal representatives, heirs, legatees, distributees, assigns and transferees by operation of law, whether or not any such person will have become a party to this Award Agreement and agreed in writing to join herein and be bound by the terms and conditions hereof.

9.6 No Employment Contract . Nothing in this Award Agreement will affect in any manner whatsoever the right or power of the Company, or any Related Company, to terminate your employment on behalf of the Company or any Related Company, for any reason, with or without Cause.

9.7 Further Action . The parties agree to execute such further instruments and to take such further action as may reasonably necessary to carry out the intent of this Award Agreement.


9.8 Section 409A Compliance . This Award and any Shares issuable thereunder are intended to qualify for an exemption from or comply with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Award Agreement, the Award Notice and the Plan to the contrary, the Company, to the extent it deems necessary or advisable in its sole discretion, reserves the right, but shall not be required, to unilaterally amend or modify this Award Agreement or the Award Notice so that the Award qualifies for exemption from or complies with Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations that the Award will be exempt from or comply with Section 409A of the Code and makes no undertaking to preclude Section 409A of the Code from applying to the Award. No provision of this Award Agreement or the Award Notice will be interpreted or construed to transfer any liability for failure to comply with Section 409A of the Code from you or any other individual to the Company. By executing the Award Notice, you agree that you will be deemed to have waived any claim against the Company with respect to any such tax consequences.

9.9 Counterparts . The Award Notice may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but which, upon execution, will constitute one and the same instrument.

Exhibit 10.15

TRULIA, INC.

2012 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION GRANT NOTICE

Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) hereby grants to you an Option (the “ Option ”) to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock under the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”). The Option is subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Notice (this “ Grant Notice ”) and in the Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (the “ Stock Option Agreement ”) and the Plan, which are incorporated into this Grant Notice in their entirety.

 

Participant:
Grant Number:
Grant Date:
Vesting Commencement Date:
Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Subject to Option (the “ Shares ”):
Exercise Price (per Share):
Option Expiration Date:
Type of Option : Nonqualified Stock Option
Vesting and Exercisability Schedule (subject to continued employment or service) :

Additional Terms/Acknowledgement : You acknowledge receipt of, and understand and agree to, this Grant Notice, the Stock Option Agreement and the Plan. You further acknowledge that as of the Grant Date, this Grant Notice, the Stock Option Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between you and the Company regarding the Option and supersede all prior oral and written agreements on the subject.

Note: References to “ Company ” in the Plan are deemed to refer to “ Zillow Group, Inc. ” except that such reference in the definition of “ Registration Date ” in the Plan continues to refer to Trulia, Inc. and references to “ Common Stock ” in the Plan refer to Class A Common Stock of Zillow Group, Inc.


TRULIA, INC.

2012 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Pursuant to your Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Notice (the “ Grant Notice ”) and this Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) has granted you an Option under the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”) to purchase the number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock indicated in your Grant Notice (the “ Shares ”) at the exercise price indicated in your Grant Notice. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Agreement or the Grant Notice but defined in the Plan have the same definitions as in the Plan.

The details of the Option are as follows:

1. Vesting and Exercisability . Subject to the limitations contained herein, the Option will vest and become exercisable as provided in your Grant Notice, provided that vesting will cease upon the date you cease to be a Service Provider and the unvested portion of the Option will terminate.

2. Securities Law Compliance . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, you may not exercise the Option unless the Shares issuable upon exercise are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), or, if such Shares are not then so registered, the Company has determined that such exercise and issuance would be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The exercise of the Option must also comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the Option, and you may not exercise the Option if the Company determines that such exercise would not be in material compliance with such laws and regulations.

3. Independent Tax Advice . You should obtain tax advice independent from the Company when exercising the Option and prior to the disposition of the Shares.

4. Method of Exercise . You may exercise the Option by giving written notice to the Company, in form and substance satisfactory to the Company, which will state your election to exercise the Option and the number of Shares for which you are exercising the Option. The written notice must be accompanied by full payment of the exercise price for the number of Shares you are purchasing. You may make this payment in any combination of the following: (a) by cash; (b) by wire transfer or check acceptable to the Company; (c) if permitted by the Administrator, by having the Company withhold shares of Class A Common Stock that would otherwise be issued on exercise of the Option; (d) if permitted by the Administrator, by tendering already owned shares of Class A Common Stock; (e) if the Class A Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act and to the extent permitted by law, by instructing a broker to deliver to the Company the total payment required; or (f) by any other method permitted by the Administrator.


5. Treatment upon Termination of Employment or Service . The unvested portion of the Option will terminate automatically and without further notice immediately upon the date you cease to be a Service Provider. You may exercise the vested portion of the Option as follows:

(a) General Rule . You must exercise the vested portion of the Option on or before the earlier of (i) three months after the date you cease to be a Service Provider and (ii) the Option Expiration Date;

(b) Disability . If your employment or service relationship terminates due to Disability, you must exercise the vested portion of the Option on or before the earlier of (i) one year after the date you cease to be a Service Provider and (ii) the Option Expiration Date;

(c) Death . If your employment or service relationship terminates due to your death, the vested portion of the Option must be exercised on or before the earlier of (i) one year after the date you cease to be a Service Provider and (ii) the Option Expiration Date. If you die after the date you cease to be a Service Provider but while the Option is still exercisable, the vested portion of the Option may be exercised until the earlier of (x) one year after the date of death and (y) the Option Expiration Date; and

(d) Cause . The vested portion of the Option will automatically expire at the time the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company first notifies you of your termination of employment or service for Cause (as defined in this Agreement), unless the Administrator determines otherwise. If your employment or service relationship is suspended pending an investigation of whether you will be terminated for Cause, all your rights under the Option likewise will be suspended during the period of investigation. If any facts that would constitute termination for Cause are discovered after you cease to be a Service Provider, any Option you then hold may be immediately terminated by the Administrator. Unless otherwise defined in any other agreement with the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company with respect to the Option, “ Cause ” means dishonesty, fraud, serious or willful misconduct, unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information or trade secrets, or conduct prohibited by law (except minor violations), in each case as determined by the Company’s chief human resources officer or other person performing that function or, in the case of directors and executive officers, the Administrator, whose determination will be conclusive and binding.

It is your responsibility to be aware of the date the Option terminates.

6. Limited Transferability . During your lifetime only you can exercise the Option. The Option is not transferable except by will or by the applicable laws of descent and distribution. The Plan provides for exercise of the Option by a beneficiary designated on


a Company-approved form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may permit you to assign or transfer the Option, subject to such terms and conditions as specified by the Administrator.

7. Withholding Taxes . As a condition to the exercise of any portion of an Option, you must make such arrangements as the Company may require for the satisfaction of any federal, state, local or foreign withholding tax obligations that may arise in connection with such exercise.

8. Option Not an Employment or Service Contract . Nothing in the Plan or any Award granted under the Plan will be deemed to constitute an employment contract or confer or be deemed to confer any right for you to continue in the employ of, or to continue any other relationship with, the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company or limit in any way the right of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company to terminate your employment or other service relationship at any time, with or without cause.

9. No Right to Damages . You will have no right to bring a claim or to receive damages if you are required to exercise the vested portion of the Option within three months (one year in the case of Disability or death) of the date you cease status as a Service Provider or if any portion of the Option is cancelled or expires unexercised. The loss of existing or potential profit in the Option will not constitute an element of damages in the event you cease to be a Service Provider for any reason even if the termination is in violation of an obligation of the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company to you.

10. Binding Effect . The Grant Notice and this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company and be binding upon you and your heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

11. Section 409A . Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan, the Grant Notice or this Agreement to the contrary, the Administrator may, at any time and without your consent, modify the terms of the Option as it determines appropriate to avoid the imposition of interest or penalties under Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations that the Option will be exempt from or comply with Section 409A of the Code and makes no undertaking to preclude Section 409A of the Code from applying to the Option.

Exhibit 10.16

TRULIA, INC.

2012 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD NOTICE

Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) hereby grants to you (“ Participant ”) a Restricted Stock Unit Award (the “ Award ”). The Award is subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in this Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice (the “ Award Notice ”) and the Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (the “ Award Agreement ”) and the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”), which are incorporated into the Award Notice in their entirety.

 

Participant:
Grant Date:
Number of Restricted Stock Units Subject to Award (the “ Units ”):
Vesting Commencement Date:
Vesting Schedule (subject to continued employment or service):

Additional Terms/Acknowledgement : You acknowledge receipt of, and understand and agree to, the Award Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan. You further acknowledge that as of the Grant Date, the Award Notice, the Award Agreement and the Plan set forth the entire understanding between you and the Company regarding the Award and supersede all prior oral and written agreements on the subject. The Award is hereby granted in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations to grant such Award pursuant to the terms of your offer letter.

 

ZILLOW GROUP, INC. PARTICIPANT
By:

 

 

Its:

 

Address:

 

 

Attachments :

1. Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement

2. Plan Summary for the Plan

Date Accepted:

 

Note : References to “ Company ” in the Plan are deemed to refer to “ Zillow Group, Inc. ” except that such reference in the definition of “ Registration Date ” in the Plan continues to refer to Trulia, Inc. and references to “ Common Stock ” in the Plan refer to Class A Common Stock of Zillow Group, Inc.


TRULIA, INC.

2012 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

(ASSUMED BY ZILLOW GROUP, INC.)

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

Pursuant to your Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice (the “ Award Notice ”) and this Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (this “ Award Agreement ”), Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) has granted to you a Restricted Stock Unit Award (the “ Award ”) under the Trulia, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (as assumed by the Company) (the “ Plan ”) for the number of Restricted Stock Units indicated in your Award Notice. Capitalized terms not explicitly defined in this Award Agreement or the Award Notice but defined in the Plan have the same definitions as in the Plan.

The details of the Award are as follows:

 

1. Vesting

Subject to the terms of this Award Agreement, the Award will vest as set forth in the Award Notice (the “ Vesting Schedule ”). One share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issuable for each Restricted Stock Unit that vests. Restricted Stock Units that have vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture according to the Vesting Schedule are referred to herein as “ Vested Units .” Restricted Stock Units that have not vested and remain subject to forfeiture under the Vesting Schedule are referred to herein as “ Unvested Units .” The Unvested Units will vest (and to the extent so vested cease to be Unvested Units remaining subject to forfeiture) in accordance with the Vesting Schedule (the Unvested and Vested Units are collectively referred to herein as the “ Units ”).

Except as otherwise provided by this Award Agreement, as soon as practicable after Unvested Units become Vested Units, but not later than 60 days after vesting, the Company will settle the Vested Units by issuing to you one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for each Vested Unit. If a vesting date falls on a weekend or any other date on which the Nasdaq Stock Market (“ NASDAQ ”) is not open, affected Units will vest on the next following NASDAQ business day.

 

2. Termination of Service

Upon your ceasing to be a Service Provider on a full-time basis for any reason, any portion of the Award that has not vested as provided in Section 1 will immediately be forfeited to the Company without payment of any further consideration to you. You will have no further rights, and the Company will have no further obligations to you, with respect to such Unvested Units.

 

3. Securities Law Compliance

3.1 You represent and warrant that you have been furnished with a copy of the Plan and the plan summary for the Plan.

3.2 You hereby agree that you will in no event sell or distribute all or any part of the shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that you may receive pursuant to settlement of the Units (the “ Shares ”) unless (a) there is an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and applicable state securities laws covering any such transaction involving the Shares, or (b) the Company receives an opinion of your legal counsel (concurred in by legal counsel for the Company) stating that such transaction is exempt from registration or the Company otherwise satisfies itself that such transaction is exempt from registration.


3.3 You confirm that you have been advised, prior to your receipt of the Shares, that neither the offering of the Shares nor any offering materials have been reviewed by any administrator under the Securities Act or any other applicable securities act (the “ Acts ”) and that the Shares cannot be resold unless they are registered under the Acts or unless an exemption from such registration is available.

3.4 You hereby agree to indemnify the Company and hold it harmless from and against any loss, claim or liability, including attorneys’ fees or legal expenses, incurred by the Company as a result of any breach by you of, or any inaccuracy in, any representation, warranty or statement made by you in this Award Agreement or the breach by you of any terms or conditions of this Award Agreement.

 

4. Transfer Restrictions

Units may not be sold, transferred, assigned, encumbered, pledged or otherwise disposed of, whether voluntarily or by operation of law.

 

5. No Rights as Shareholder

You will not have any voting, dividend or any other rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Units.

 

6. Independent Tax Advice

You acknowledge that determining the actual tax consequences to you of receiving or disposing of the Units and the Shares may be complicated. These tax consequences will depend, in part, on your specific situation and may also depend on the resolution of currently uncertain tax law and other variables not within the control of the Company. You are aware that you should consult a competent and independent tax advisor for a full understanding of the specific tax consequences to you of receiving the Units and receiving or disposing of the Shares. Prior to executing the Award Notice, you either have consulted with a competent tax advisor independent of the Company to obtain tax advice concerning the receipt of the Units and the receipt or disposition of the Shares in light of your specific situation or you have had the opportunity to consult with such a tax advisor but chose not to do so.

 

7. Book Entry Registration of Shares

The Company will issue the Shares by registering the Shares in book entry form with the Company’s transfer agent in your name and the applicable restrictions will be noted in the records of the Company’s transfer agent and in the book entry system.

 

8. Withholding

8.1 You understand that under United States federal tax laws in effect on the Grant Date, you will have taxable compensation income at the time of vesting of the Units based on the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares on each vesting date. You are ultimately responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Award (e.g., at grant, vesting and/or upon receipt of the Shares), including any federal, state, local or foreign taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld by the Company in connection with the Award, including FICA or any other tax obligation (the “ Tax Withholding Obligation ”), regardless of any action the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company takes with respect to any such Tax Withholding Obligation. The Company makes no representation or undertaking regarding the adequacy of any tax withholding made in connection with the Award. The Company has no obligation to deliver Shares pursuant to the Award until you have satisfied the Tax Withholding Obligation.


8.2 In order to satisfy your obligations set forth in Section 8.1, you hereby irrevocably appoint any brokerage firm acceptable to the Company for such purpose (the “ Agent ”) as your Agent, and authorize the Agent, to:

 

  (a) Sell on the open market at the then prevailing market price(s), on your behalf, as soon as practicable on or after the settlement date for any Vested Units, the minimum number of Shares (rounded up to the next whole number) sufficient to generate proceeds to cover the amount of any Tax Withholding Obligation and all applicable fees and commissions due to, or required to be collected by, the Agent;

 

  (b) Remit directly to the Company the cash amount necessary to cover the payment of such Tax Withholding Obligation, as of such date;

 

  (c) Retain the amount required to cover all applicable brokerage fees, commissions and other costs of sale due to, or required to be collected by, the Agent, relating directly to the sale of Shares referred to in clause (a) above; and

 

  (d) Remit any remaining funds to you.

As of the date of execution of the Award Notice, you represent and warrant that you are not aware of any material nonpublic information with respect to the Company or any securities of the Company, are not subject to any legal, regulatory or contractual restriction that would prevent the Agent from conducting sales as provided herein, do not have, and will not attempt to exercise, authority, influence or control over any sales of Shares effected pursuant to this Section 8.2, and are entering into this Section 8.2 of the Award Agreement in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1 (regarding trading of the Company’s securities on the basis of material nonpublic information) under the Exchange Act. It is the intent of the parties that this Section 8.2 comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) under the Exchange Act and the Award Agreement will be interpreted to comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act.

You understand that the Agent may effect sales as provided in clause (a) above jointly with sales for other employees of the Company and that the average price for executions resulting from bunched orders will be assigned to your account. You acknowledge that neither the Company nor the Agent is under any obligation to arrange for such sales at any particular price, and that the proceeds of any such sales may not be sufficient to satisfy your Tax Withholding Obligation. In addition, you acknowledge that it may not be possible to sell Shares as provided by this Section 8.2 due to (i) a legal or contractual restriction applicable to you or the Agent, (ii) a market disruption, or (iii) rules governing order execution priority on the NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchange where the Shares may be traded. In the event of the Agent’s inability to sell any Shares or that number of Shares sufficient to cover your Tax Withholding Obligation, you will continue to be responsible for payment to the Company of all federal, state, local and foreign taxes that are required by applicable laws and regulations to be withheld.

You acknowledge that regardless of any other term or condition of the Award Agreement, neither the Agent nor the Company will be liable to you for (a) special, indirect, punitive, exemplary, or consequential damages, or incidental losses or damages of any kind, or (b) any failure to perform or for any delay in performance that results from a cause or circumstance that is beyond the Agent’s reasonable control.

You hereby agree to execute and deliver to the Agent any other agreements or documents as the Agent reasonably deems necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and intent of this Section 8.2. The Agent is a third party beneficiary of this Section 8.2.


8.3 Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Company has the right to retain without notice from Shares issuable under the Award or from salary or other amounts payable to you, a number of whole Shares or cash having a value sufficient to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation, and you hereby authorize the Company to do so.

8.4 Furthermore, you acknowledge that the Company (i) makes no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax Withholding Obligations or tax treatment in connection with any aspect of the Award, including but not limited to, the grant, vesting, the issuance of Shares upon vesting, the subsequent sale of Shares acquired pursuant to the Award and the receipt of any dividends, and (ii) does not commit to and is under no obligation to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Award to reduce or eliminate your liability for Tax Withholding Obligations or achieve any particular tax result. Further, if you have become subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction, you acknowledge that the Company (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax Withholding Obligations in more than one jurisdiction.

 

9. General Provisions

9.1 Assignment . The Company may assign its rights under this Award Agreement at any time, whether or not such rights are then exercisable, to any person or entity selected by the Company’s Board of Directors.

9.2 No Waiver . No waiver of any provision of this Award Agreement will be valid unless in writing and signed by the person against whom such waiver is sought to be enforced, nor will failure to enforce any right hereunder constitute a continuing waiver of the same or a waiver of any other right hereunder.

9.3 Undertaking . You hereby agree to take whatever additional action and execute whatever additional documents the Company may deem necessary or advisable in order to carry out or effect one or more of the obligations or restrictions imposed on either you or the Units pursuant to the express provisions of this Award Agreement.

9.4 Agreement Is Entire Contract . This Award Agreement, the Award Notice and the Plan constitute the entire contract between the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior oral or written agreements on the subject. This Award Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan will in all respects be construed in conformity with the express terms and provisions of the Plan.

9.5 Successors and Assigns . The provisions of this Award Agreement and the Award Notice will inure to the benefit of, and be binding on, the Company and its successors and assigns and you and your legal representatives, heirs, legatees, distributees, assigns and transferees by operation of law, whether or not any such person will have become a party to this Award Agreement and agreed in writing to join herein and be bound by the terms and conditions hereof.

9.6 No Employment Contract . Nothing in this Award Agreement will affect in any manner whatsoever the right or power of the Company, or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, to terminate your employment on behalf of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, for any reason, with or without cause.

9.7 Further Action . The parties agree to execute such further instruments and to take such further action as may reasonably necessary to carry out the intent of this Award Agreement.


9.8 Section 409A Compliance . This Award and any Shares issuable thereunder are intended to qualify for an exemption from or comply with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Award Agreement, the Award Notice and the Plan to the contrary, the Company, to the extent it deems necessary or advisable in its sole discretion, reserves the right, but shall not be required, to unilaterally amend or modify this Award Agreement or the Award Notice so that the Award qualifies for exemption from or complies with Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations that the Award will be exempt from or comply with Section 409A of the Code and makes no undertaking to preclude Section 409A of the Code from applying to the Award. No provision of this Award Agreement or the Award Notice will be interpreted or construed to transfer any liability for failure to comply with Section 409A of the Code from you or any other individual to the Company. By executing the Award Notice, you agree that you will be deemed to have waived any claim against the Company with respect to any such tax consequences.

9.9 Counterparts . The Award Notice may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but which, upon execution, will constitute one and the same instrument.

Exhibit 10.27

Transition Employment Letter

February 17, 2015

Pete Flint

535 Mission St. #700

San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Pete,

As we have discussed, in connection with the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) among Zillow, Inc. (“Zillow”), Trulia, Inc. (the “Company”) and Zillow Group, Inc. (formerly, Zebra Holdco, Inc.), your position as CEO of the Company will be terminated immediately following the filing of Trulia, Inc.’s form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, as we anticipate that you will remain an employee of the Company through August 1, 2015 (the “Termination Date”), this Transition Employment Letter (the “Transition Letter”) is to memorialize the terms and conditions of your employment between the date hereof and the Termination Date. The terms of this transition letter are effective upon the closing of the transaction contemplated by the Merger Agreement and supplement your Employment Agreement with the Company (the “Employment Agreement”) and any subsequent agreement with the Company. Specifically, you are still bound by the Employment Agreement.

 

  1. Duties, Title. While we mutually anticipate that you will remain an employee though the Termination Date, your last day in the office performing active duties will be June 1, 2015, or such earlier time as is mutually agreed (the “Transition Period”). During the Transition Period, you will perform such transition employment duties reasonably requested by the Company. Your title will be “Founder, Trulia, & Director, Zillow Group, Inc.”

 

  2. Compensation & Benefits.

 

  a. Salary. Through the Termination Date your annual base salary as of February 17, 2015 will be in effect.

 

  b. Benefits. Through the Termination Date you will continue under the Company’s benefits plans, including health benefits. Following the Termination Date, the Company will pay for the COBRA premiums for you and your eligible dependents for a period of 18 months unless you obtain alternative health insurance coverage, in which case the Company will discontinue paying COBRA premiums.

 

  c. Stock. Through the Termination Date, you will also continue to vest in any of your stock options and restricted stock units (collectively “Employee Stock”). In addition, you will be entitled to continued vesting of Employee Stock as set forth in Section 4, below.

 

  d. Bonus. If you remain employed on the Termination Date or if the Company terminates your employment without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) before the Termination Date, the Company will pay you a cash bonus, equivalent to three (3) months of your annual salary in effect on February 17, 2015, within thirty (30) days of the Termination Date.


  3. Termination of Employment.

 

  a. If prior to the Termination Date (1) the Company terminates your employment without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement); or (2) you and the Company enter a mutual written agreement to terminate your employment, you will be entitled to receive the compensation and benefits as outlined in Section 2 through the Termination Date, including vesting credit through the Termination Date. You will not be eligible to receive the compensation and benefits if the Company terminates your employment for Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement).

 

  b. Prior to any termination of your employment without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement, you will be given the opportunity to execute the attached separation agreement and release in exchange for the benefits set forth therein.

 

  4. Zillow Group, Inc. Board. Upon the closing of transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, you will become a member of the Zillow Group, Inc. Board of Directors (the “Board”) and will continue to serve on the Board following the Termination Date. As a member of the Board you will be eligible for the same level of indemnification and D&O insurance coverage as other members of the Board including the coverage afforded to the members of the pre-merger Zillow board of directors. Following the Termination Date, you will be eligible to participate in our non-employee director compensation program. In addition, during your service as a member of the Board you will continue to vest in all of your Employee Stock and your service to the Company will be deemed to be continuous and uninterrupted for purposes of your Employee Stock vesting. Upon your involuntary removal from the Board, unless such removal is effected in accordance with Section C.5 of the Corporate Governance Guidelines of the Board of Directors of Zillow Group, Inc. (attached hereto as Exhibit B) for either (i) engaging in a material conflict of interest (provided that providing services to an investment fund that has or makes investments in competitive entities will not be deemed a conflict of interest if you do not provide any services directly to such competitive entities), (ii) engaging in behavior that would qualify as a termination without Cause pursuant to terms of the applicable Employee Stock agreement or (iii) engaging in grossly negligent or reckless breaches of a fiduciary duty, the vesting of any unvested Employee Stock will be accelerated to the same extent it would have become vested upon a termination without Cause pursuant to terms of the applicable Employee Stock agreement.

To indicate your acceptance, please sign and date this Transition Letter in the space provided below and return it to me. This Transition Letter may not be modified or amended except by a written agreement, signed by an officer of the Company and by you.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Rich Barton

Chairman, Zillow Group, Inc.

AGREED AND ACCEPTED:

/s/ Pete Flint

Pete Flint


Exhibit A

Separation & Release Agreement


SEPARATION AGREEMENT AND RELEASE

This Separation Agreement and Release (“Agreement”) is made by and between Pete Flint (“Employee”) and Trulia, Inc., a subsidiary of Zillow Group, Inc. (the “Company”) (collectively referred to as the “Parties” or individually referred to as a “Party”) as of the Effective Date (as defined below).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Employee was employed by the Company;

WHEREAS, Employee and the Company entered into a confidentiality agreement at the commencement of Employee’s employment (the “Confidentiality Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Employee was provided with an offer letter (the “Offer Letter”) which Employee accepted;

WHEREAS, the Company notified Employee on February 17, 2015 (the “Notice Date”) that Employee’s employment with the Company is being terminated due to a reduction in force and that the termination shall occur on August 1, 2015 (the “Termination Date”);

WHEREAS, June 1, 2015 will be Employee’s last day in the office;

WHEREAS, provided that Employee’s employment is not terminated by the Company for Cause (as defined in Employee’s Employment Agreement with Trulia) prior to the Termination Date, the Company will continue to pay Employee at Employee’s current base salary in accordance with the Company’s payroll practices and will continue providing Employee benefits under Company’s benefits plans, including health benefits, from the Notice Date until the Termination Date;

WHEREAS, Employee will also continue to vest in any stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights (collectively “Employee Stock”) Employee may have from the Notice Date until the Termination date, and thereafter to the extent permitted by Employee’s service as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors; and

WHEREAS, the Parties wish to resolve any and all disputes, claims, complaints, grievances, charges, actions, petitions, and demands that the Employee may have against the Company and any of the Releasees as defined below, including, but not limited to, any and all claims arising out of or in any way related to Employee’s employment with or separation from the Company;


NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises made herein, the Company and Employee hereby agree as follows:

COVENANTS

1. Recitals . The Recitals set forth above are expressly incorporated into this Agreement.

2. Consideration . Unless the Company terminated Employee’s employment for Cause (as defined in Employee’s Employment Agreement), Employee shall be entitled to the following:

a. Continued Employment . The Company agrees to permit Employee to remain an employee from June 1, 2015 through the Termination Date and therefore remain on the Company’s payroll at Employee’s base salary in effect on the Notice Date (“Continued Employment Pay”) and as a participant in the Company’s health benefit plans and continue vesting in Employee Stock through the Termination Date. If Employee starts a new job prior to August 1, 2015, employment with the Company will terminate and Employee will be paid out any remaining Continued Employment Pay in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices.

b. Separation Payment . The Company agrees to pay Employee the lump sum total of $121,153.85 less applicable withholdings (such payment being the “Separation Payment”). The Separation Payment is equivalent to 15 weeks’ of Employee’s base salary as in effect on the Notice Date. The Company shall pay the Separation Payment to Employee in the first payroll cycle after the Effective Date of this Agreement, in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices.

c. COBRA . In the event that Employee elects to continue health insurance coverage under COBRA or applicable state law after the Termination Date, the Company shall pay the monthly premium necessary to provide continued medical health insurance coverage currently in effect for Employee (and the health insurance coverage currently in effect for Employee’s eligible dependents) pursuant to COBRA or applicable state law for up to 18 months following the Termination Date. Thereafter, Employee will be responsible for the costs of any further health insurance coverage.

3. Benefits . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Employee agrees that Employee’s participation in all benefits and incidents of employment, including, but not limited to, vesting in Employee Stock, and the accrual of bonuses, vacation, and paid time off, cease as of the Termination Date.

4. Payment of Salary and Receipt of All Benefits . Employee acknowledges and represents that, other than the consideration set forth in this Agreement, the Company has paid or provided, or will provide by the Termination Date all salary, wages, bonuses, accrued vacation/paid time off, premiums, leaves, housing allowances, relocation costs, interest, severance, outplacement costs, fees, reimbursable expenses, commissions, stock, stock options, vesting, and any and all other benefits and compensation due to Employee. Employee specifically represents that Employee is not due to receive any commissions or other incentive compensation from the Company other than as set forth in this Agreement.


5. Release of Claims . Employee agrees that the foregoing consideration represents settlement in full of all outstanding obligations owed to Employee by the Company and its current and former officers, directors, employees, agents, investors, attorneys, shareholders, administrators, affiliates, benefit plans, plan administrators, insurers, trustees, divisions, and subsidiaries, and predecessor and successor corporations and assigns (collectively, the “Releasees”). Employee, on Employee’s own behalf and on behalf of Employee’s respective heirs, family members, executors, agents, and assigns, hereby and forever releases the Releasees from, and agrees not to sue concerning, or in any manner to institute, prosecute, or pursue, any claim, complaint, charge, duty, obligation, demand, or cause of action relating to any matters of any kind, whether presently known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, that Employee may possess against any of the Releasees arising from any omissions, acts, facts, or damages that have occurred up until and including the Effective Date of this Agreement, including, without limitation:

a. any and all claims relating to or arising from Employee’s employment relationship with the Company and the termination of that relationship;

b. any and all claims relating to, or arising from, Employee’s right to purchase, or actual purchase of shares of stock of the Company, including, without limitation, any claims for fraud, misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of duty under applicable state corporate law, and securities fraud under any state or federal law;

c. any and all claims for wrongful discharge of employment; termination in violation of public policy; discrimination; harassment; retaliation; breach of contract, both express and implied; breach of covenant of good faith and fair dealing, both express and implied; commission payments; promissory estoppel; negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress; fraud; negligent or intentional misrepresentation; negligent or intentional interference with contract or prospective economic advantage; unfair business practices; defamation; libel; slander; negligence; personal injury; assault; battery; invasion of privacy; false imprisonment; conversion; and disability benefits;

d. any and all claims for violation of any federal, state, or municipal statute, including, but not limited to, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the Civil Rights Act of 1991; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; the Equal Pay Act; the Fair Labor Standards Act; the Fair Credit Reporting Act; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act; the Family and Medical Leave Act; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; the Immigration Control and Reform Act; the California Family Rights Act; the California Labor Code; the California Workers’ Compensation Act; the California Fair Employment and Housing Act; and any other similar statutes, regulations or laws;

e. any and all claims for violation of the federal or any state constitution;

f. any and all claims arising out of any other laws and regulations relating to employment or employment discrimination;


g. any claim for any loss, cost, damage, or expense arising out of any dispute over the non-withholding or other tax treatment of any of the proceeds received by Employee as a result of this Agreement; and

h. any and all claims for attorneys’ fees and costs.

Employee agrees that the release set forth in this section shall be and remain in effect in all respects as a complete general release as to the matters released. This release does not extend to (i) any obligations incurred under this Agreement, (ii) any claims for indemnification that Employee may have under any indemnification agreement with the Company and (iii) any claims for coverage under any D&O or other similar policy maintained by the Company. This release does not release claims that cannot be released as a matter of law, including, but not limited to, Employee’s right to file a charge with or participate in a charge by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or any other local, state, or federal administrative body or government agency that is authorized to enforce or administer laws related to employment, against the Company (with the understanding that any such filing or participation does not give Employee the right to recover any monetary damages against the Company; Employee’s release of claims herein bars Employee from recovering such monetary relief from the Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Employee acknowledges that any and all disputed wage claims that are released herein shall be subject to binding arbitration in accordance with this Agreement, except as required by applicable law. Employee represents that Employee has made no assignment or transfer of any right, claim, complaint, charge, duty, obligation, demand, cause of action, or other matter waived or released by this section.

6. Acknowledgment of Waiver of Claims under ADEA . Employee acknowledges that Employee is waiving and releasing any rights Employee may have under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), and that this waiver and release is knowing and voluntary. Employee agrees that this waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that may arise under the ADEA after the Effective Date of this Agreement. Employee acknowledges that the consideration given for this waiver and release is in addition to anything of value to which Employee was already entitled. Employee further acknowledges that Employee has been advised by this writing that: (a) Employee should consult with an attorney prior to executing this Agreement; (b) Employee has forty five (45) days within which to consider this Agreement; (c) Employee has seven (7) days following Employee’s execution of this Agreement to revoke this Agreement; (d) this Agreement shall not be effective until after the revocation period has expired; and (e) nothing in this Agreement prevents or precludes Employee from challenging or seeking a determination in good faith of the validity of this waiver under the ADEA, nor does it impose any condition precedent, penalties, or costs for doing so, unless specifically authorized by federal law. In the event Employee signs this Agreement and returns it to the Company in less than the 45-day period identified above, Employee hereby acknowledges that Employee has freely and voluntarily chosen to waive the time period allotted for considering this Agreement. Employee acknowledges and understands that revocation must be accomplished by a written notification to the person executing this Agreement on the Company’s behalf that is received prior to the eighth day after Employee signs this Agreement. The parties agree that changes, whether material or immaterial, do not restart the running of the 45-day period. Employee further acknowledges that, contemporaneously with receipt of this Agreement, Employee received the disclosure of information related to severance benefit program included with this Agreement (the “OWBPA Disclosure”).


7. California Civil Code Section 1542 . Employee acknowledges that Employee has been advised to consult with legal counsel and is familiar with the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1542, a statute that otherwise prohibits the release of unknown claims, which provides as follows:

A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.

Employee, being aware of said code section, agrees to expressly waive any rights Employee may have thereunder, as well as under any other statute or common law principles of similar effect.

8. No Pending or Future Lawsuits . Employee represents that Employee has no lawsuits, claims, or actions pending in Employee’s name, or on behalf of any other person or entity, against the Company or any of the other Releasees. Employee also represents that Employee does not intend to bring any claims on Employee’s own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity against the Company or any of the other Releasees.

9. Confidentiality . Employee agrees to maintain in complete confidence the existence of this Agreement, the contents and terms of this Agreement, and the consideration for this Agreement (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Separation Information”). Except as required by law, Employee may disclose Separation Information only to Employee’s immediate family members, the Court in any proceedings to enforce the terms of this Agreement, Employee’s attorney(s), Employee’s legal counsel ,and Employee’s accountant and any professional tax advisor to the extent that they need to know the Separation Information in order to provide advice on tax treatment or to prepare tax returns, and must prevent disclosure of any Separation Information to all other third parties. Employee agrees that Employee will not publicize, directly or indirectly, any Separation Information.

10. Trade Secrets and Confidential Information/Company Property . Employee reaffirms and agrees to observe and abide by the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, specifically including the provisions therein regarding nondisclosure of the Company’s trade secrets and confidential and proprietary information, and nonsolicitation of Company employees. Employee acknowledges that during the course of Employee’s employment with the Company Employee had access to a number of highly confidential materials and Employee specifically represents that Employee shall refrain from using any such confidential information in the future. Employee affirms that Employee has returned all documents and other items provided to Employee by the Company, developed or obtained by Employee in connection with Employee’s employment with the Company, or otherwise belonging to the Company.


11. No Cooperation . Employee agrees that Employee will not knowingly encourage, counsel, or assist any attorneys or their clients in the presentation or prosecution of any disputes, differences, grievances, claims, charges, or complaints by any third party against any of the Releasees, unless under a subpoena or other court order to do so or as related directly to the ADEA waiver in this Agreement. Employee agrees both to immediately notify the Company upon receipt of any such subpoena or court order, and to furnish, within three (3) business days of its receipt, a copy of such subpoena or other court order. If approached by anyone for counsel or assistance in the presentation or prosecution of any disputes, differences, grievances, claims, charges, or complaints against any of the Releasees, Employee shall state no more than that Employee cannot provide counsel or assistance.

12. Nondisparagement . Employee agrees to refrain from any disparagement, defamation, libel, or slander of any of the Releasees, and agrees to refrain from any tortious interference with the contracts and relationships of any of the Releasees. Employee agrees to refrain from making, either directly or indirectly, any negative, damaging or otherwise disparaging communications concerning the Company or its services to any of the clients of the Company. Employee shall not use any Company information that is confidential either under applicable law or the Confidentiality Agreement to which Employee had access during the scope of Employee’s employment with the Company in order to communicate with or solicit any of the Company’s current or prospective clients. Employee shall direct any inquiries by potential future employers to the Company’s human resources department, which shall use its best efforts to provide only the Employee’s last position and dates of employment.

13. Breach . In addition to the rights provided in the “Attorneys’ Fees” section below, Employee acknowledges and agrees that any material breach of this Agreement, or of any provision of the Confidentiality Agreement, shall entitle the Company immediately to recover and/or cease providing the consideration provided to Employee under this Agreement and to obtain damages, except as provided by law.

14. No Admission of Liability . Employee understands and acknowledges that this Agreement constitutes a compromise and settlement of any and all actual or potential disputed claims by Employee. No action taken by the Company hereto, either previously or in connection with this Agreement, shall be deemed or construed to be (a) an admission of the truth or falsity of any actual or potential claims or (b) an acknowledgment or admission by the Company of any fault or liability whatsoever to Employee or to any third party.

15. Application for Employment . Employee understands and agrees that, except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, and as a condition of this Agreement, Employee shall not be entitled to any employment with the Company, its subsidiaries, or any successor, and Employee hereby waives any right, or alleged right, of employment or re-employment with the Company.

16. Nonsolicitation . Employee agrees that for a period of twelve (12) months immediately following the Effective Date of this Agreement, Employee shall not directly or indirectly solicit any of the Company’s employees to leave their employment at the Company.


17. Costs . The Parties shall each bear their own costs, attorneys’ fees, and other fees incurred in connection with the preparation of this Agreement.

18. ARBITRATION . THE PARTIES AGREE THAT ANY AND ALL DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, THEIR INTERPRETATION, AND ANY OF THE MATTERS HEREIN RELEASED, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO ARBITRATION IN SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY, BEFORE JAMS (“JAMS”), PURSUANT TO ITS EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION RULES & PROCEDURES (“JAMS RULES”). THE ARBITRATOR MAY GRANT INJUNCTIONS AND OTHER RELIEF IN SUCH DISPUTES. THE ARBITRATOR SHALL ADMINISTER AND CONDUCT ANY ARBITRATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH CALIFORNIA LAW, INCLUDING THE CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, AND THE ARBITRATOR SHALL APPLY SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL CALIFORNIA LAW TO ANY DISPUTE OR CLAIM, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ANY CONFLICT-OF-LAW PROVISIONS OF ANY JURISDICTION. TO THE EXTENT THAT THE JAMS RULES CONFLICT WITH CALIFORNIA LAW, CALIFORNIA LAW SHALL TAKE PRECEDENCE. THE DECISION OF THE ARBITRATOR SHALL BE FINAL, CONCLUSIVE, AND BINDING ON THE PARTIES TO THE ARBITRATION. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THE PREVAILING PARTY IN ANY ARBITRATION SHALL BE ENTITLED TO INJUNCTIVE RELIEF IN ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO ENFORCE THE ARBITRATION AWARD. THE PARTIES TO THE ARBITRATION SHALL EACH PAY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE COSTS AND EXPENSES OF SUCH ARBITRATION, AND EACH PARTY SHALL SEPARATELY PAY FOR ITS RESPECTIVE COUNSEL FEES AND EXPENSES; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THE ARBITRATOR SHALL AWARD ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS TO THE PREVAILING PARTY, EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE PARTIES HEREBY AGREE TO WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO HAVE ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN THEM RESOLVED IN A COURT OF LAW BY A JUDGE OR JURY. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THIS SECTION WILL NOT PREVENT EITHER PARTY FROM SEEKING INJUNCTIVE RELIEF (OR ANY OTHER PROVISIONAL REMEDY) FROM ANY COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE PARTIES AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THEIR DISPUTE RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE AGREEMENTS INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE. SHOULD ANY PART OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT CONTAINED IN THIS PARAGRAPH CONFLICT WITH ANY OTHER ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES, THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THIS ARBITRATION AGREEMENT SHALL GOVERN.

19. Tax Consequences . The Company makes no representations or warranties with respect to the tax consequences of the payments and any other consideration provided to Employee or made on Employee’s behalf under the terms of this Agreement. Employee agrees and understands that Employee is responsible for payment, if any, of local, state, and/or federal taxes on the payments and any other consideration provided hereunder by the Company and any penalties or assessments thereon. Employee further agrees to indemnify and hold the Company harmless from any claims, demands, deficiencies, penalties, interest, assessments, executions, judgments, or recoveries by any government agency against the Company for any amounts claimed due on account of (a) Employee’s failure to pay or delayed payment of federal or state taxes, or (b) damages sustained by the Company by reason of any such claims, including attorneys’ fees and costs.


20. Authority . The Company represents and warrants that the undersigned has the authority to act on behalf of the Company and to bind the Company and all who may claim through it to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Employee represents and warrants that Employee has the capacity to act on Employee’s own behalf and on behalf of all who might claim through Employee to bind them to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Each Party warrants and represents that there are no liens or claims of lien or assignments in law or equity or otherwise of or against any of the claims or causes of action released herein.

21. No Representations . Employee represents that Employee has had an opportunity to consult with an attorney, and has carefully read and understands the scope and effect of the provisions of this Agreement. Employee has not relied upon any representations or statements made by the Company that are not specifically set forth in this Agreement.

22. Severability . In the event that any provision or any portion of any provision hereof or any surviving agreement made a part hereof becomes or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction or arbitrator to be illegal, unenforceable, or void, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect without said provision or portion of provision.

23. Attorneys’ Fees . In the event that either Party brings an action to enforce or effect its rights under this Agreement, the prevailing Party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including the costs of mediation, arbitration, litigation, court fees, and reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such an action.

24. Entire Agreement . This Agreement represents the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and Employee concerning the subject matter of this Agreement and Employee’s employment with and separation from the Company and the events leading thereto and associated therewith, and supersedes and replaces any and all prior agreements and understandings concerning the subject matter of this Agreement and Employee’s relationship with the Company, with the exception of the Confidentiality Agreement and stock agreements (as such may have been modified herein).

25. No Oral Modification . This Agreement may only be amended in a writing signed by Employee and a duly authorized representative of the Company.

26. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, without regard for choice-of-law provisions. Employee consents to personal and exclusive jurisdiction and venue in the State of California.

27. Effective Date . Employee understands that this Agreement shall be null and void if not executed by Employee within forty-five (45) days after the Termination Date. In the event that Employee signs this Agreement within forty-five days, then the Company has seven days after such date to countersign the Agreement and return a fully-executed version to Employee. This Agreement will become effective on the eighth (8th) day after Employee signed this Agreement, so long as it has been signed by the Company and has not been revoked by either Party before that date (the “Effective Date”).


28. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and by facsimile, and each counterpart and facsimile shall have the same force and effect as an original and shall constitute an effective, binding agreement on the part of each of the undersigned.

29. Voluntary Execution of Agreement . Employee understands and agrees that Employee executed this Agreement voluntarily, without any duress or undue influence on the part or behalf of the Company or any third party, with the full intent of releasing all of Employee’s claims against the Company and any of the other Releasees. Employee acknowledges that:

 

  (a) Employee has read this Agreement;

 

  (b) Employee has been represented in the preparation, negotiation, and execution of this Agreement by legal counsel of Employee’s own choice or has elected not to retain legal counsel;

 

  (c) Employee understands the terms and consequences of this Agreement and of the releases it contains; and

 

  (d) Employee is fully aware of the legal and binding effect of this Agreement.


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement on the respective dates set forth below.

 

Pete Flint, an individual
Dated:                      , 2015

 

TRULIA, Inc., a subsidiary of Zillow Group, Inc.
Dated:                      , 2015 By

 

Name:      Paul Levine        

Its:             President


Exhibit B

Corporate Governance Guidelines of the Board of Directors of Zillow Group, Inc.


ZILLOW GROUP, INC.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES

 

A. Purpose

The Board of Directors (the “ Board ”) of Zillow Group, Inc. (the “ Company ”) has developed these corporate governance guidelines (the “ Guidelines ”) to help it to fulfill its responsibilities to the Company and its shareholders. The Guidelines should be applied in a manner consistent with all applicable laws and stock market rules and the Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws, each as amended and in effect from time to time. The Guidelines are intended to serve as a flexible framework for the conduct of the Board’s business and not as a set of legally binding obligations. The Board may modify or make exceptions to the Guidelines from time to time in its discretion and consistent with its duties and responsibilities to the Company and its shareholders.

 

B. Role of the Board

The Board oversees and reviews management activities and advises on long-term and strategic issues, all with a view to enhancing the long-term value of the Company to the shareholders. Among its many activities, the Board oversees the Company’s business affairs and integrity, performs an annual evaluation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, oversees management succession planning, and assesses Company risks and strategies for risk mitigation. The Board is accountable to the shareholders of the Company, but recognizes that the long-term interests of shareholders are advanced by responsibly addressing the concerns of other stakeholders, including employees, consumers, customers, suppliers, government and the public. In all actions taken by the Board, the directors are expected to exercise their business judgment in what they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the Company.

 

C. Board Composition and Selection

1. Board Size . The Board fixes the size of the Board within the range specified in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. The Nominating and Governance Committee periodically reviews the size of the Board, with the goal that the size of the Board be sufficient to maintain needed expertise and independence without becoming too large to function efficiently or effectively.

2. Selection of Directors . The Company’s Board is divided into three classes of approximately equal size. The term of office for each class is staggered such that the term of office for one class expires each year. Each year, the shareholders of the Company elect directors to a three-year term for the class whose term is expiring by a plurality of the votes cast at the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee screens and recommends director nominees to the Board, and the Board in turn recommends director nominees for election by the Company’s shareholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee considers qualified director candidates recommended by shareholders, provided such recommendations are made in compliance with the advance notice provisions of the Company’s bylaws and other applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. The criteria used by the Board and the Nominating and Governance Committee for the selection of directors are set forth in the charter of the Nominating and Governance Committee.

3. Board Composition – Independent Directors . A majority of the Company’s directors shall be independent. The Board applies the director independence standards included in the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market (or any other listing requirements applicable to the Company from time to time) to determine director independence. The Board shall make an affirmative determination regarding the independence of each director annually, based upon the recommendation, advice, and information of the Nominating and Governance Committee.

4. Term Limits . The Company does not have term limits for directors. While mandatory turnover would provide fresh viewpoints to the Board, term limits have the compelling disadvantage of losing the contribution of directors who have unique insight into and important historical perspective on the Company’s business and operations.


5. Circumstances Requiring Tender of Resignation . When a director, including any director who is currently an officer or employee of the Company, resigns or materially changes his or her position with his or her employer or becomes aware of circumstances that may adversely reflect upon the director or the Company, such director should notify the Nominating and Governance Committee of such circumstances. The Nominating and Governance Committee will review the continued appropriateness of service under the circumstances, including a review of the ability of such director to give independent advice to the Company and to fully meet the responsibilities of a director, and may in certain cases consider requesting that the director submit his or her resignation from the Board.

6. Service on Other Boards . The Company encourages directors to serve as directors of other companies so that the Company can benefit from the experience, perspective and knowledge of best practices garnered from such positions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, directors shall limit the number of other company boards on which he or she serves so that he or she is able to devote adequate time to his or her duties to the Company, including preparing for and attending meetings. Further, no member of the Audit Committee of the Board may serve on more than three audit committees of publicly traded companies (including the Audit Committee of the Company) at the same time. Directors should advise the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee in advance of accepting an invitation to serve on another public company board.

7. Stock Ownership . The Company encourages directors to own shares of the Company’s capital stock. However, the number of shares of the Company’s capital stock owned by any director is a personal decision and, at this time, the Board has chosen not to adopt a policy requiring ownership by directors of a minimum number of shares.

8. Chair of the Board . The Board does not have a policy as to whether the offices of Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer should be separate.

 

D. Board Meetings

1. Frequency . The Board shall meet at regularly scheduled meetings no less than four (4) times a year and conduct additional special meetings as necessary to supplement the regularly scheduled meetings. Directors are encouraged to attend all Board meetings, as well as the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, except if unusual circumstances make attendance impractical.

2. Advance Distribution of Materials . The meeting agenda and written materials relevant to the Board’s understanding of matters to be discussed at an upcoming Board meeting shall be distributed to directors in advance, whenever feasible and appropriate. Each director should review such materials prior to the meeting to facilitate the efficient use of meeting time. Any materials not available in advance shall be provided to each director at the meeting. When appropriate, sensitive subjects may be discussed at a meeting without distribution of materials to the Board.

3. Executive Sessions of Independent Directors . The independent directors of the Company shall periodically meet in executive session.

4. Access to Senior Management and Employees . The Board shall have access to Company employees to ensure that directors can ask all questions and glean all information necessary to fulfill their duties. Management is encouraged to invite Company staff to any Board meeting at which their presence and expertise would help the Board have a full understanding of matters being considered, and are persons that management believes should be given exposure to the Board. Directors should exercise judgment to ensure that their contact with management does not distract managers from their jobs or disturb the business operations of the Company.

5. Access to Independent Advisors . The Board and each of its standing committees shall have the resources, authority and funding (which will be provided by the Company) to retain such outside accounting, legal and other professional advisors as it deems appropriate without management approval.


E. Committees

1. Number and Type of Committees . The Board currently has three standing committees. They are a Compensation Committee, an Audit Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board may, from time to time, form a new committee or disband a current committee depending on the circumstances. Each committee complies with the independence and other requirements established by applicable law, regulations and listing requirements applicable to the Company from time to time.

2. Committee Charters . Each committee shall have a charter that is approved by the Board. Each Committee will undertake an annual review of its charter, and will work with the Board to make such revisions as are considered appropriate.

3. Composition of Committees . The Nominating and Governance Committee shall be responsible for recommending to the Board the directors to be appointed to each committee of the Board. The Board shall appoint committee members and committee chairs according to criteria that it determines to be in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders, taking into account the views of the Nominating and Governance Committee.

4. Committee Meetings . The chair of each committee shall be responsible for developing, together with committee members and relevant Company managers, the committee’s general agenda and objectives and for setting the specific agenda for committee meetings. The chair and committee members shall determine the frequency of committee meetings consistent with the committee’s charter.

 

F. Performance Evaluation and Succession Planning

1. Evaluation of Senior Executives . The Compensation Committee shall be responsible for overseeing the annual evaluation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers.

2. Management Succession Planning . The Nominating and Governance Committee shall develop guidelines for and monitor management succession planning.

3. Evaluations of Board and Director Performance . The Nominating and Governance Committee shall establish, coordinate and review with the Chair of the Board criteria and methods for at least annually evaluating the effectiveness of the Board and its committees.

 

G. Director Compensation

1. Compensation for Non-Employee Directors . The Compensation Committee shall periodically review the compensation of non-employee directors and make recommendations to the Board for appropriate changes.

2. Employee Directors . Directors who are also employees of the Company, including a subsidiary, shall receive no additional compensation for Board or committee service.

 

H. Other

1. Director Orientation and Continuing Education . Each new director shall receive an orientation designed to educate the new director about the industry, the Company and the Board. The Company strongly encourages and supports continuing education for directors.

2. Communications with Shareholders and Others . The Board will give appropriate attention to written communications that are submitted to the Board by shareholders and other parties, and will respond if and as appropriate. All communications to the Board shall be in written form, addressed to the Board or to one or more individual members of the Board, and sent care of the Secretary of the Company, at the address of the Company’s principal executive offices or via email to legal@zillow.com.


3. Board Interaction with Media, Institutional Investors and Others . Management, and not the Board or individual directors, should normally speak for the Company. Individual directors may meet or otherwise communicate with the Company’s various constituencies when appropriate, but only with the knowledge of the Chair of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer, and, in most instances, at the request of the Chair of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer (except in those rare cases when a member of a Board committee may be required to communicate with third parties without the knowledge of the Chair of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer, as may be advised by counsel).

4. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics . Directors must abide by the relevant provisions of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

5. Review of Corporate Governance Guidelines . The Nominating and Governance Committee shall periodically review these Guidelines and recommend appropriate changes to the Board.

Exhibit 10.29

Form with Non-Competition Provision Applicable to Officers

ZILLOW, INC.

Confidential Information, Inventions,

Non-Solicitation, and Non-Competition Agreement

This Confidential Information, Inventions, Non-Solicitation, and Non-Competition Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into and between me and Zillow, Inc., a Washington corporation, for and on behalf of Zillow, Inc. and its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, and assigns (collectively, together with Zillow, Inc., the “ Company ”). In consideration of my employment with the Company, the compensation paid to me, any stock or stock options which may be granted to me, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which I hereby acknowledge, I agree to the following terms:

Section 1. Definitions

1.1 “ Company means Zillow, Inc. and its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, and assigns, including, but not limited to, Zillow Group, Inc. and Trulia, Inc.

1.2 “ Competing Business means any business whose efforts are in competition with the efforts of the Company, and/or any parent, subsidiary or affiliate of the Company. A Competing Business includes any business whose efforts involve any research and development, products or services in competition with products or services which are, during the Relationship, either (a) produced, marketed or otherwise commercially exploited by the Company (including any parent, subsidiary, or affiliate) or (b) in actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development by the Company (including any parent, subsidiary or affiliate).

1.3 “ Confidential Information means any Company proprietary information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, business plans, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom I called or with whom I became acquainted during the term of my employment with the Company), market research, works of original authorship, intellectual property (including, but not limited to, unpublished works and undisclosed patents), photographs, negatives, digital images, software, computer programs, ideas, developments, inventions (whether or not patentable), processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, forecasts, strategies, marketing plans, legal affairs, finances, suppliers, clients, prospects, opportunities, contracts or assets of the Company, or other business information disclosed to me by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally or by drawings or observation or inspection of parts or equipment. Confidential Information does not include any of the foregoing items that has become publicly known and made

 

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generally available through no wrongful act of mine or of others who were under confidentiality obligations as to the item or items involved.

1.4 “ Intellectual Property means any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, trade name, service mark, maskwork, original works of authorship, domain names, inventions, concepts, improvements, processes, methods, Invention, or other protected intellectual property right in any Confidential Information, whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar laws, that I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the period of time I am in the service of the Company.

1.5 “ Invention means any product, device, technique, know-how, computer program, algorithm, method, process, procedure, improvement, discovery or invention, whether or not patentable or copyrightable and whether or not reduced to practice, that (a) is within the scope of the Company’s business, research or investigations or results from or is suggested by any work performed by me for the Company and (b) is created, conceived, reduced to practice, developed, discovered, invented or made by me during the Relationship, whether solely or jointly with others, and whether or not while engaged in performing work for the Company, except as otherwise provided herein.

1.6 “ Material means any product, prototype, model, document, diskette, tape, picture, design, recording, writing or other tangible item which contains or manifests, whether in printed, handwritten, coded, magnetic or other form, any Confidential Information, Invention or Intellectual Property.

1.7 “ Person means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, governmental authority, educational institution, or other entity.

1.8 “ Relationship means the term of my employment with the Company, whether on a full-time, part-time, or consulting basis.

Section 2. Ownership and Use

2.1 Ownership. The Company will be the exclusive owner of all Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials and Intellectual Property. To the extent applicable, all Materials will constitute “works for hire” under applicable copyright laws.

2.2 Duty to the Company. I will promptly disclose to the Company all Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property, as well as any business opportunity which comes to my attention during my Relationship with the Company and which relates to the business of the Company or which arises as a result of my employment with the Company. I will not take advantage of or divert any such opportunity for the benefit of myself or anyone else either during or after my Relationship with the Company without the prior written consent of the Company.

 

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2.3 Assignment of Intellectual Property. I will promptly make full written disclosure to the Company, will hold in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company, and hereby assign to the Company, or its designee, all my right, title and interest in and to any Intellectual Property that I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the period of time I am in the service of the Company and that (i) are developed using the equipment, supplies, facilities or Confidential Information of the Company, (ii) result from or are suggested by work performed by me for the Company, or (iii) relate to the Company business or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development of the Company. The Intellectual Property will be the sole and exclusive property of the Company. I further acknowledge that all original works of authorship that are made by me (solely or jointly with others) within the scope of and during the period of my Relationship with the Company and that are protectable by copyright are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act. To the extent that any Intellectual Property is not deemed to be work made for hire, then I will and hereby do assign all my right, title and interest in such Intellectual Property to the Company, except as provided in Section 2.8.

2.4 Patent and Copyright Registrations. I agree to assist the Company, or its designee, at the Company’s expense, in every proper way to secure the Company’s rights in the Intellectual Property and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property rights relating thereto in any and all countries, including the disclosure to the Company of all pertinent information and data with respect thereto and the execution of all applications, specifications, oaths, assignments and other instruments that the Company shall deem necessary in order to apply for and obtain such rights and in order to assign and convey to the Company and its successors, assigns and nominees the sole and exclusive right, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property rights relating thereto. I further agree that my obligation to execute or cause to be executed, when it is in my power to do so, any such instrument or papers shall continue after the termination of my Relationship with the Company. If the Company is unable because of my mental or physical incapacity or for any other reason to secure my assistance in perfecting the rights transferred in this Agreement, then I hereby irrevocably designate and appoint the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact, to act for and in my behalf and stead to execute and file any such applications and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the prosecution and issuance of letters patent and copyright, trademark or domain name registrations thereon with the same legal force and effect as if executed by me. The designation and appointment of the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact shall be deemed to be coupled with an interest and therefore irrevocable.

2.5 Maintenance of Records. I agree to keep and maintain adequate and current written records of all inventions and Intellectual Property during the Relationship. The records will be in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, and any other format that may be specified by the Company. The records will be available to and remain the sole property of

 

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the Company at all times. I will not contest the validity of any Intellectual Property, or aid or encourage any third party to contest the validity of any Intellectual Property of the Company.

2.6 Non-Disclosure or Use. Except as required for performance of my work for the Company or as authorized in writing by the Company, I will not (a) use, disclose, publish or distribute any Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property or (b) remove any Materials from the Company’s premises.

2.7 Intellectual Property Retained and Licensed. I will identify on Exhibit A all original works of authorship, inventions, developments, improvements, trademarks, designs, domain names, processes, methods and trade secrets that were made by me prior to my Relationship with the Company (collectively referred to as “ Prior Intellectual Property ”), that belong to me, that relate to the Company’s proposed business, products or research and development, and that are not assigned to the Company hereunder; or, if no such list is attached, I represent that there is no such Prior Intellectual Property. If in the course of my Relationship with the Company, I incorporate into Company property any Prior Intellectual Property owned by me or in which I have an interest, the Company is hereby granted and shall have a nonexclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license to make, have made, modify, use and sell such Prior Intellectual Property as part of or in connection with such Company property.

2.8 Exception to Assignments. I understand that the provisions of this Agreement requiring assignment of Intellectual Property to the Company do not apply to any intellectual property that (i) I develop entirely on my own time; and (ii) I develop without using Company equipment, supplies, facilities or trade secret information; and (iii) does not result from any work performed by me for the Company; and (iv) does not relate at the time of conception or reduction to practice to the Company’s current or anticipated business, or to its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development. Any such intellectual property will be owned entirely by me, even if developed by me during the time period in which I am in the service of the Company. This satisfies the written notice and other requirements of RCW 49.44.140. I will advise the Company promptly in writing of any intellectual property that I believe meets the criteria for exclusion set forth herein and is not otherwise disclosed pursuant to Section 2.7 above.

Section 3. Further Obligations

3.1 My execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the performance of my other obligations and duties to the Company will not cause any breach, default or violation of any other employment, nondisclosure, confidentiality, consulting or other agreement to which I am a party or by which I may be bound. Attached as Exhibit B is a list of all prior agreements now in effect under which I have agreed to keep information confidential or not to compete or solicit employees of any Person.

3.2 I will not use in performance of my work for the Company or disclose to the Company any trade secret, confidential or proprietary information of any prior employer or other Person if and to the extent that such use or disclosure may cause a breach, default or

 

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violation of any obligation or duty that I owe to such other Person (e.g., under any agreement or applicable law). My compliance with this paragraph will not prohibit, restrict or impair the performance of my work, obligations and duties to the Company.

3.3 I recognize that the Company has received and in the future will receive from third parties their confidential or proprietary information subject to a duty on the Company’s part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. I agree to hold all such confidential or proprietary information in the strictest confidence and not to disclose it to any person, firm or corporation or to use it except as necessary in carrying out my work for the Company consistent with the Company’s agreement with such third party.

Section 4. Restrictive Covenants

4.1 Employee Non-Solicitation. In consideration for my employment with the Company and other valuable consideration, I agree that during the period of my Relationship with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, solicit the employment of any person who shall then be employed by the Company (as an employee or consultant) or who shall have been employed by the Company (as an employee or consultant) within the prior twelve (12) month period, on behalf of myself or any other person, firm, corporation, association or other entity.

4.2 Customer Non-Solicitation. In consideration for my employment with the Company and other valuable consideration, I agree that, during the period of my Relationship with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, attempt to solicit for, divert to, appropriate to, or accept on behalf of, any Competing Business, any business from any customer or actively sought prospective customer of the Company with whom I have dealt or whose dealings with the Company have been supervised by me during my Relationship with the Company or about whom I have acquired Confidential Information as a result of my Relationship.

4.3 Non-Competition. In consideration for my employment with the Company and other valuable consideration, I agree that, during the period of my Relationship with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, engage in, be employed by, perform services for, participate in the ownership, management, control or operation of, or otherwise be connected with, any Competing Business, in a capacity that is the same as or similar to the capacity in which I performed services for the Company. For purposes of this paragraph, I will not be considered to be connected with any Competing Business solely on account of: my ownership of less than five percent of the outstanding capital stock or other equity interests in any Person carrying on the Competing Business. The Company, in its sole discretion, may determine to waive the noncompetition provisions of this Section 4.3. Any such waiver shall not constitute a waiver of any noncompetition or forfeiture provisions of any other agreement between the Company and me.

 

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4.4 Direct or Indirect Violations. I acknowledge and agree that I will be in violation of Sections 4.1 and 4.2 if I engage in any or all of the activities set forth in those Sections directly as an individual on my own account, or indirectly for, through, or with assistance from, any other person or entity, whether as partner, joint venturer, employee, agent, salesperson, employee, officer, manager and/or director of any person or entity, or as an equity holder of any person or entity in which I or my spouse, child, or parent owns, directly or indirectly, any of the outstanding equity interests.

4.5 Reasonableness of Restrictions. I acknowledge and agree that, given the electronic and global nature of the environment in which the Company conducts business, a lack of geographic limitation to the above restrictions is reasonable to protect the Company’s interests. I further acknowledge and agree that the length of the time periods applicable to the restrictive covenants are appropriate and reasonable, in view of the nature of the Company’s business and my employment with the Company and knowledge of its business. I acknowledge that I have carefully considered the terms of this Agreement, including the restrictive covenants contained herein, and acknowledge that if this Agreement is enforced according to its terms, I will be able to earn a reasonable living in commercial activities in locations satisfactory to me. I also acknowledge that the restrictive covenants set forth herein are a vital part of and intrinsic to the ongoing operations of the Company, in light of the nature of the business and my unique position, skills, and knowledge with and of the Company

4.6 Tolling of Covenants. I acknowledge and agree that that if it is judicially determined that I have violated any of my obligations under Sections 4.1 and 4.2, then the period applicable to each obligation that I have been determined to have violated shall automatically toll from the date of the first breach, and all subsequent breaches, until the resolution of the breach through private settlement, judicial or other action, including all appeals.

Section 5. Termination of Relationship

5.1 I agree that, at the time of leaving the service of the Company, I will deliver to the Company (and will not keep in my possession, recreate or deliver to anyone else) any and all works of original authorship, domain names, original registration certificates, photographs, negatives, digital images, devices, records, data, notes, reports, proposals, lists, correspondence, specifications, drawings, blueprints, sketches, materials, equipment or other documents or property, or reproductions of any aforementioned items, and any and all Confidential Information, developed by me pursuant to my Relationship with the Company or otherwise belonging to the Company or its successors or assigns. I agree to sign and deliver the “ Termination Certification ” attached as Exhibit C.

5.2 At the end of my Relationship with the Company, I agree to provide the name of my new employer, if any, and consent to notification by the Company to my new employer about my rights and obligations under this Agreement in the form of Exhibit D.

 

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Section 6. Employment At Will

I agree that my employment is “at will” which means that it can be terminated at any time by the Company or by me, with or without cause and with or without notice. I agree that any promise or obligation that my employment be on any other basis than “at will” is invalid unless in writing signed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. I agree to abide by the Company’s rules, regulations, policies and practices as revised from time to time.

Section 7. Miscellaneous

7.1 Survival; Subsidiaries and Affiliates. I agree that my obligations under this Agreement will survive the end of my Relationship with the Company. I understand and agree that this Agreement is executed by Zillow, Inc. on its own behalf and on behalf of each of its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, or assignees, that my obligations under this Agreement shall apply equally to each of Zillow, Inc.’s parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, or assignees, and that such entities may enforce this Agreement in their own name as if they were parties to this Agreement.

7.2 Assignability. I understand and agree that this Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors, assigns, administrators, agents, and other legal representatives, and will be for the benefit of the Company, its successors, and its assigns. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any successor to any of the Company’s relevant assets, whether by merger, consolidation, reorganization, reincorporation, sale of assets or stock, or otherwise.

7.3 Injunctive Relief; Costs . I acknowledge that my obligations under this Agreement are important to the Company, and that the Company would not employ or continue to employ me without my agreement to such obligations. I also acknowledge that if I do not abide by my obligations in this Agreement, the Company will suffer immediate and irreparable harm, and that the damage to the Company will be difficult to measure and financial relief will be incomplete. Accordingly, the Company will be entitled to injunctive relief and other equitable remedies in the event of a breach by me of any obligation under this Agreement. Furthermore, no bond need be posted in conjunction with the application for, or issuance of, an injunction (which requirement I hereby specifically and expressly waive). The rights and remedies of the Company under this section are in addition to all other remedies. Further, in any legal action or other proceeding in connection with this Agreement ( e.g. , to recover damages or other relief), the prevailing party will be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs incurred.

7.4 Severability and Modification . This Agreement will be enforced to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. If for any reason any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable to any extent (including with respect to scope, duration, territory, or terms of restrictive covenants), then I agree that (a) the court making such determination shall have the power to reduce or modify the scope, duration, territory, and/or terms of such provision, and to delete specific words or phrases in such provision, so that the provision is enforceable by the court, and such provision as amended shall be enforced by the

 

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court; (b) such invalidity or unenforceability will not affect any other provision of this Agreement or any other agreement between the Company and me; and (c) that I will abide by the Agreement as modified by the Court.

7.5 Governing Law. I acknowledge and agree that the Company has an interest in administering its agreements, plans, and programs under uniform law, and that it is fair to have all Company employees be subject to uniform laws in connection with agreements like this one. Therefore I agree that all disputes arising under or related to this Agreement or to my employment or relationship or dealings with the Company shall be governed by the laws of the State of Washington and construed in accordance therewith without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws. I hereby irrevocably waive my rights, if any, to have the laws of any other state other than the State of Washington apply to this Agreement or my employment with the Company.

7.6 Venue, Personal Jurisdiction, and Covenant Not to Sue. I expressly agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and exclusive venue of courts located in the State of Washington, King County, in connection with any litigation which may be brought with respect to a dispute between the Company and me, regardless of where I reside or where I perform services for the Company. I hereby irrevocably waive my rights, if any, to have any disputes between the Company and me decided in any jurisdiction or venue other than a court located in King County, Washington. I hereby waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any objection which I now or hereafter may have to personal jurisdiction or to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding, and I agree not to plead or claim the same. I further irrevocably covenant not to sue the Company in any jurisdiction or venue other than a court located in King County, Washington.

7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and me relating to the subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between us. No modification of or amendment to this Agreement, or any waiver of any rights under this Agreement, will be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. Any subsequent change or changes in my duties, salary or compensation will not affect the validity or scope of this Agreement. Neither this Agreement nor any provision may be amended except by written agreement signed by the parties.

7.8 Waivers. No waiver of any breach shall be considered valid unless in writing, and no waiver shall be a waiver of any subsequent breach.

7.9 Acknowledgment . I have carefully read all of the provisions of this Agreement and agree that (a) the same are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company’s business, (b) the Company has been induced to enter into and/or continue its relationship with me in reliance upon my compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, (c) every provision of this Agreement is reasonable with respect to its scope and duration, (d) I have executed this Agreement without duress or coercion from any source, and (e) I have received a copy of this Agreement.

 

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This Agreement shall be effective as of ______________________.

(Date)

 

Signature

 

FULL NAME (print or type)

 

ACCEPTED:
ZILLOW, INC.
By

 

Its Chief Operating Officer

 

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EXHIBIT A

LIST OF PRIOR INVENTIONS AND

ORIGINAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP

 

Title

 

Date

 

Identifying Number

or Brief Description

 

             No inventions or improvements

 

             Additional Sheets Attached

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                              

 

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EXHIBIT B

The following is a list of all prior agreements with former employers or others to which I am a party in which I agreed to maintain the confidentiality of the information of, or not to compete with or solicit the employees or customers of a third party.

 

             No Agreements

 

             See below

 

             Additional sheets attached

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                              

 

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EXHIBIT C

TERMINATION CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I do not have in my possession, and I have not failed to return, any Materials or other property belonging to Zillow, Inc., its subsidiaries, affiliates, successors or assigns (together, the “Company”).

I further certify that I have complied with all the terms of the Company’s Confidential Information, Inventions, Non-Solicitation, and Non-Competition Agreement signed by me, including the reporting of any Inventions conceived or made by me (solely or jointly with others) covered by that Agreement.

I further agree that, in compliance with the Agreement, I will not use, disclose, publish or distribute any Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property.

During my Relationship with the Company and for one year after the end of my Relationship with the Company, I will not induce, or attempt to induce, any employee or independent contractor of the Company to cease such employment or relationship to engage in, be employed by, perform services for, participate in the ownership, management, control or operation of, or otherwise be connected with, either directly or indirectly, any business other than the Company.

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                                                                                                                         

 

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EXHIBIT D

NOTIFICATION TO NEW EMPLOYERS

Dear [ name of new employer’s president ] :

We understand that our former employee, [ name of employee ] , has accepted employment with your company. This letter is to advise you that [ name of employee ] signed a Confidential Information, Inventions, Non-Solicitation, and Non-Competition Agreement with Zillow, Inc. that remains in full force and effect. At the time [ name of employee ] left our company, we advised [ him/her ] of [ his/her ] continuing obligations under the Agreement and [ name of employee ] signed a Termination Certificate affirming [ his/her ] obligations under the Agreement. A copy of the Termination Certificate, dated                      , 20__, is enclosed so that any conflict with these obligations can be avoided during [ his/her ] employment with you.

 

Very truly yours,
[ Signature of Company president or corporate counsel ]

 

[ Typed name ]

 

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Form without Non-Competition Provision Applicable to Officers

ZILLOW, INC.

Confidential Information, Inventions, and

Non-Solicitation Agreement

This Confidential Information, Inventions, and Non-Solicitation Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into and between me and Zillow, Inc., a Washington corporation, for and on behalf of Zillow, Inc. and its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, and assigns (collectively, together with Zillow, Inc., the “ Company ”). In consideration of my employment with the Company, the compensation paid to me, any stock or stock options which may be granted to me, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which I hereby acknowledge, I agree to the following terms:

Section 1. Definitions

1.1 “ Company means Zillow, Inc. and its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, and assigns, including, but not limited to, Zillow Group, Inc. and Trulia, Inc.

1.2 “ Confidential Information means any Company proprietary information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, business plans, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom I called or with whom I became acquainted during the term of my employment with the Company), market research, works of original authorship, intellectual property (including, but not limited to, unpublished works and undisclosed patents), photographs, negatives, digital images, software, computer programs, ideas, developments, inventions (whether or not patentable), processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, forecasts, strategies, marketing plans, legal affairs, finances, suppliers, clients, prospects, opportunities, contracts or assets of the Company, or other business information disclosed to me by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally or by drawings or observation or inspection of parts or equipment. Confidential Information does not include any of the foregoing items that has become publicly known and made generally available through no wrongful act of mine or of others who were under confidentiality obligations as to the item or items involved.

1.3 “ Intellectual Property means any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, trade name, service mark, maskwork, original works of authorship, domain names, inventions, concepts, improvements, processes, methods, Invention, or other protected intellectual property right in any Confidential Information, whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar laws, that I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the period of time I am in the service of the Company.

1.4 “ Invention means any product, device, technique, know-how, computer program, algorithm, method, process, procedure, improvement, discovery or invention,

 

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whether or not patentable or copyrightable and whether or not reduced to practice, that (a) is within the scope of the Company’s business, research or investigations or results from or is suggested by any work performed by me for the Company and (b) is created, conceived, reduced to practice, developed, discovered, invented or made by me during the Relationship, whether solely or jointly with others, and whether or not while engaged in performing work for the Company, except as otherwise provided herein.

1.5 “ Material means any product, prototype, model, document, diskette, tape, picture, design, recording, writing or other tangible item which contains or manifests, whether in printed, handwritten, coded, magnetic or other form, any Confidential Information, Invention or Intellectual Property.

1.6 “ Person means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, governmental authority, educational institution, or other entity.

1.7 “ Relationship means the term of my employment with the Company, whether on a full-time, part-time, or consulting basis.

Section 2. Ownership and Use

2.1 Ownership. The Company will be the exclusive owner of all Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials and Intellectual Property. To the extent applicable, all Materials will constitute “works for hire” under applicable copyright laws.

2.2 Duty to the Company. I will promptly disclose to the Company all Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property, as well as any business opportunity which comes to my attention during my Relationship with the Company and which relates to the business of the Company or which arises as a result of my employment with the Company. I will not take advantage of or divert any such opportunity for the benefit of myself or anyone else either during or after my Relationship with the Company without the prior written consent of the Company.

2.3 Assignment of Intellectual Property. I will promptly make full written disclosure to the Company, will hold in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company, and hereby assign to the Company, or its designee, all my right, title and interest in and to any Intellectual Property that I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the period of time I am in the service of the Company and that (i) are developed using the equipment, supplies, facilities or Confidential Information of the Company, (ii) result from or are suggested by work performed by me for the Company, or (iii) relate to the Company business or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development of the Company. The Intellectual Property will be the sole and exclusive property of the Company. I further acknowledge that all original works of authorship that are made by me (solely or jointly with others) within the scope of and during the period of my Relationship with the Company and that are protectable by copyright are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act. To the extent that any Intellectual Property is not deemed to be

 

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work made for hire, then I will and hereby do assign all my right, title and interest in such Intellectual Property to the Company, except as provided in Section 2.8.

2.4 Patent and Copyright Registrations. I agree to assist the Company, or its designee, at the Company’s expense, in every proper way to secure the Company’s rights in the Intellectual Property and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property rights relating thereto in any and all countries, including the disclosure to the Company of all pertinent information and data with respect thereto and the execution of all applications, specifications, oaths, assignments and other instruments that the Company shall deem necessary in order to apply for and obtain such rights and in order to assign and convey to the Company and its successors, assigns and nominees the sole and exclusive right, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property rights relating thereto. I further agree that my obligation to execute or cause to be executed, when it is in my power to do so, any such instrument or papers shall continue after the termination of my Relationship with the Company. If the Company is unable because of my mental or physical incapacity or for any other reason to secure my assistance in perfecting the rights transferred in this Agreement, then I hereby irrevocably designate and appoint the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact, to act for and in my behalf and stead to execute and file any such applications and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the prosecution and issuance of letters patent and copyright, trademark or domain name registrations thereon with the same legal force and effect as if executed by me. The designation and appointment of the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact shall be deemed to be coupled with an interest and therefore irrevocable.

2.5 Maintenance of Records. I agree to keep and maintain adequate and current written records of all inventions and Intellectual Property during the Relationship. The records will be in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, and any other format that may be specified by the Company. The records will be available to and remain the sole property of the Company at all times. I will not contest the validity of any Intellectual Property, or aid or encourage any third party to contest the validity of any Intellectual Property of the Company.

2.6 Non-Disclosure or Use. Except as required for performance of my work for the Company or as authorized in writing by the Company, I will not (a) use, disclose, publish or distribute any Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property or (b) remove any Materials from the Company’s premises.

2.7 Intellectual Property Retained and Licensed. I will identify on Exhibit A all original works of authorship, inventions, developments, improvements, trademarks, designs, domain names, processes, methods and trade secrets that were made by me prior to my Relationship with the Company (collectively referred to as “ Prior Intellectual Property ”), that belong to me, that relate to the Company’s proposed business, products or research and development, and that are not assigned to the Company hereunder; or, if no such list is attached, I represent that there is no such Prior Intellectual Property. If in the course of my

 

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Relationship with the Company, I incorporate into Company property any Prior Intellectual Property owned by me or in which I have an interest, the Company is hereby granted and shall have a nonexclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license to make, have made, modify, use and sell such Prior Intellectual Property as part of or in connection with such Company property.

2.8 Exception to Assignments. I understand that the provisions of this Agreement requiring assignment of Intellectual Property to the Company do not apply to any intellectual property that (i) I develop entirely on my own time; and (ii) I develop without using Company equipment, supplies, facilities or trade secret information; and (iii) does not result from any work performed by me for the Company; and (iv) does not relate at the time of conception or reduction to practice to the Company’s current or anticipated business, or to its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development. Any such intellectual property will be owned entirely by me, even if developed by me during the time period in which I am in the service of the Company. This satisfies the written notice and other requirements of RCW 49.44.140 and Section 2870 of the California Labor Code. I will advise the Company promptly in writing of any intellectual property that I believe meets the criteria for exclusion set forth herein and is not otherwise disclosed pursuant to Section 2.7 above.

Section 3. Further Obligations

3.1 My execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the performance of my other obligations and duties to the Company will not cause any breach, default or violation of any other employment, nondisclosure, confidentiality, consulting or other agreement to which I am a party or by which I may be bound. Attached as Exhibit B is a list of all prior agreements now in effect under which I have agreed to keep information confidential or not to compete or solicit employees of any Person.

3.2 I will not use in performance of my work for the Company or disclose to the Company any trade secret, confidential or proprietary information of any prior employer or other Person if and to the extent that such use or disclosure may cause a breach, default or violation of any obligation or duty that I owe to such other Person (e.g., under any agreement or applicable law). My compliance with this paragraph will not prohibit, restrict or impair the performance of my work, obligations and duties to the Company.

3.3 I recognize that the Company has received and in the future will receive from third parties their confidential or proprietary information subject to a duty on the Company’s part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. I agree to hold all such confidential or proprietary information in the strictest confidence and not to disclose it to any person, firm or corporation or to use it except as necessary in carrying out my work for the Company consistent with the Company’s agreement with such third party.

 

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Section 4. Restrictive Covenants

4.1 Employee Non-Solicitation. In consideration for my employment with the Company and other valuable consideration, I agree that during the period of my Relationship with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, solicit the employment of any person who shall then be employed by the Company (as an employee or consultant) or who shall have been employed by the Company (as an employee or consultant) within the prior twelve (12) month period, on behalf of myself or any other person, firm, corporation, association or other entity.

4.2 Customer Non-Solicitation. In consideration for my employment with the Company and other valuable consideration, I agree that, during the period of my Relationship with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, use Confidential Information to attempt to solicit for, divert to, appropriate to, or accept on behalf of, any Person other than the Company, any business from any customer or actively sought prospective customer of the Company with whom I have dealt or whose dealings with the Company have been supervised by me during my Relationship with the Company.

4.3 Direct or Indirect Violations. I acknowledge and agree that I will be in violation of Sections 4.1 and 4.2 if I engage in any or all of the activities set forth in those Sections directly as an individual on my own account, or indirectly for, through, or with assistance from, any other person or entity, whether as partner, joint venturer, employee, agent, salesperson, employee, officer, manager and/or director of any person or entity, or as an equity holder of any person or entity in which I or my spouse, child, or parent owns, directly or indirectly, any of the outstanding equity interests.

4.4 Reasonableness of Restrictions. I acknowledge and agree that, given the electronic and global nature of the environment in which the Company conducts business, a lack of geographic limitation to the above restrictions is reasonable to protect the Company’s interests. I further acknowledge and agree that the length of the time periods applicable to the restrictive covenants are appropriate and reasonable, in view of the nature of the Company’s business and my employment with the Company and knowledge of its business. I acknowledge that I have carefully considered the terms of this Agreement, including the restrictive covenants contained herein, and acknowledge that if this Agreement is enforced according to its terms, I will be able to earn a reasonable living in commercial activities in locations satisfactory to me. I also acknowledge that the restrictive covenants set forth herein are a vital part of and intrinsic to the ongoing operations of the Company, in light of the nature of the business and my unique position, skills, and knowledge with and of the Company

4.5 Tolling of Covenants. I acknowledge and agree that that if it is judicially determined that I have violated any of my obligations under Sections 4.1 and 4.2, then the period applicable to each obligation that I have been determined to have violated shall automatically toll from the date of the first breach, and all subsequent breaches, until the resolution of the breach through private settlement, judicial or other action, including all appeals.

 

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Section 5. Termination of Relationship

5.1 I agree that, at the time of leaving the service of the Company, I will deliver to the Company (and will not keep in my possession, recreate or deliver to anyone else) any and all works of original authorship, domain names, original registration certificates, photographs, negatives, digital images, devices, records, data, notes, reports, proposals, lists, correspondence, specifications, drawings, blueprints, sketches, materials, equipment or other documents or property, or reproductions of any aforementioned items, and any and all Confidential Information, developed by me pursuant to my Relationship with the Company or otherwise belonging to the Company or its successors or assigns. I agree to sign and deliver the “ Termination Certification ” attached as Exhibit C.

5.2 At the end of my Relationship with the Company, I agree to provide the name of my new employer, if any, and consent to notification by the Company to my new employer about my rights and obligations under this Agreement in the form of Exhibit D.

Section 6. Employment At Will

I agree that my employment is “at will” which means that it can be terminated at any time by the Company or by me, with or without cause and with or without notice. I agree that any promise or obligation that my employment be on any other basis than “at will” is invalid unless in writing signed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. I agree to abide by the Company’s rules, regulations, policies and practices as revised from time to time.

Section 7. Miscellaneous

7.1 Survival; Subsidiaries and Affiliates. I agree that my obligations under this Agreement will survive the end of my Relationship with the Company. I understand and agree that this Agreement is executed by Zillow, Inc. on its own behalf and on behalf of each of its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, or assignees, that my obligations under this Agreement shall apply equally to each of Zillow, Inc.’s parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, or assignees, and that such entities may enforce this Agreement in their own name as if they were parties to this Agreement.

7.2 Assignability. I understand and agree that this Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors, assigns, administrators, agents, and other legal representatives, and will be for the benefit of the Company, its successors, and its assigns. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company may assign this Agreement and its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any successor to any of the Company’s relevant assets, whether by merger, consolidation, reorganization, reincorporation, sale of assets or stock, or otherwise.

7.3 Injunctive Relief; Costs . I acknowledge that my obligations under this Agreement are important to the Company, and that the Company would not employ or

 

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continue to employ me without my agreement to such obligations. I also acknowledge that if I do not abide by my obligations in this Agreement, the Company will suffer immediate and irreparable harm, and that the damage to the Company will be difficult to measure and financial relief will be incomplete. Accordingly, the Company will be entitled to injunctive relief and other equitable remedies in the event of a breach by me of any obligation under this Agreement. Furthermore, no bond need be posted in conjunction with the application for, or issuance of, an injunction (which requirement I hereby specifically and expressly waive). The rights and remedies of the Company under this section are in addition to all other remedies. Further, in any legal action or other proceeding in connection with this Agreement ( e.g. , to recover damages or other relief), the prevailing party will be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs incurred.

7.4 Severability and Modification . This Agreement will be enforced to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. If for any reason any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable to any extent (including with respect to scope, duration, territory, or terms of restrictive covenants), then I agree that (a) the court making such determination shall have the power to reduce or modify the scope, duration, territory, and/or terms of such provision, and to delete specific words or phrases in such provision, so that the provision is enforceable by the court, and such provision as amended shall be enforced by the court; (b) such invalidity or unenforceability will not affect any other provision of this Agreement or any other agreement between the Company and me; and (c) that I will abide by the Agreement as modified by the Court.

7.5 Governing Law. I acknowledge and agree that the Company has an interest in administering its agreements, plans, and programs under uniform law, and that it is fair to have all Company employees be subject to uniform laws in connection with agreements like this one. Therefore I agree that all disputes arising under or related to this Agreement or to my employment or relationship or dealings with the Company shall be governed by the laws of the State of Washington and construed in accordance therewith without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws. I hereby irrevocably waive my rights, if any, to have the laws of any other state other than the State of Washington apply to this Agreement or my employment with the Company.

7.6 Venue, Personal Jurisdiction, and Covenant Not to Sue. I expressly agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and exclusive venue of courts located in the State of Washington, King County, in connection with any litigation which may be brought with respect to a dispute between the Company and me, regardless of where I reside or where I perform services for the Company. I hereby irrevocably waive my rights, if any, to have any disputes between the Company and me decided in any jurisdiction or venue other than a court located in King County, Washington. I hereby waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any objection which I now or hereafter may have to personal jurisdiction or to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding, and I agree not to plead or claim the same. I further irrevocably covenant not to sue the Company in any jurisdiction or venue other than a court located in King County, Washington.

 

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7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and me relating to the subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between us. No modification of or amendment to this Agreement, or any waiver of any rights under this Agreement, will be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. Any subsequent change or changes in my duties, salary or compensation will not affect the validity or scope of this Agreement. Neither this Agreement nor any provision may be amended except by written agreement signed by the parties.

7.8 Waivers. No waiver of any breach shall be considered valid unless in writing, and no waiver shall be a waiver of any subsequent breach.

7.9 Acknowledgment . I have carefully read all of the provisions of this Agreement and agree that (a) the same are necessary for the reasonable and proper protection of the Company’s business, (b) the Company has been induced to enter into and/or continue its relationship with me in reliance upon my compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, (c) every provision of this Agreement is reasonable with respect to its scope and duration, (d) I have executed this Agreement without duress or coercion from any source, and (e) I have received a copy of this Agreement.

 

This Agreement shall be effective as of ______________________.

(Date)

 

Signature

 

FULL NAME (print or type)

 

ACCEPTED:
ZILLOW, INC.
By

 

Its Chief Operating Officer

 

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EXHIBIT A

LIST OF PRIOR INVENTIONS AND

ORIGINAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP

 

Title

 

Date

 

Identifying Number

or Brief Description

 

             No inventions or improvements

 

             Additional Sheets Attached

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                              

 

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EXHIBIT B

The following is a list of all prior agreements with former employers or others to which I am a party in which I agreed to maintain the confidentiality of the information of, or not to compete with or solicit the employees or customers of a third party.

 

             No Agreements

 

             See below

 

             Additional sheets attached

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                              

 

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EXHIBIT C

TERMINATION CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I do not have in my possession, and I have not failed to return, any Materials or other property belonging to Zillow, Inc., its subsidiaries, affiliates, successors or assigns (together, the “Company”).

I further certify that I have complied with all the terms of the Company’s Confidential Information, Inventions, and Non-Solicitation Agreement signed by me, including the reporting of any Inventions conceived or made by me (solely or jointly with others) covered by that Agreement.

I further agree that, in compliance with the Agreement, I will not use, disclose, publish or distribute any Confidential Information, Inventions, Materials or Intellectual Property.

During my Relationship with the Company and for one year after the end of my Relationship with the Company, I will not induce, or attempt to induce, any employee or independent contractor of the Company to cease such employment or relationship to engage in, be employed by, perform services for, participate in the ownership, management, control or operation of, or otherwise be connected with, either directly or indirectly, any business other than the Company.

Signature of Employee:                                                                                                                           

Print Name of Employee:                                                                                                                        

Date:                                                                                                                                                         

 

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EXHIBIT D

NOTIFICATION TO NEW EMPLOYERS

Dear [ name of new employer’s president ] :

We understand that our former employee, [ name of employee ] , has accepted employment with your company. This letter is to advise you that [ name of employee ] signed a Confidential Information, Inventions, and Non-Solicitation Agreement with Zillow, Inc. that remains in full force and effect. At the time [ name of employee ] left our company, we advised [ him/her ] of [ his/her ] continuing obligations under the Agreement and [ name of employee ] signed a Termination Certificate affirming [ his/her ] obligations under the Agreement. A copy of the Termination Certificate, dated                      , 20__, is enclosed so that any conflict with these obligations can be avoided during [ his/her ] employment with you.

 

Very truly yours,
[ Signature of Company president or corporate counsel ]

 

[ Typed name ]

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Spencer M. Rascoff, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Zillow Group, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2015;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

By:

/s/ S PENCER M. R ASCOFF

Name: Spencer M. Rascoff
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 12, 2015

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13-14(A) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Chad M. Cohen, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Zillow Group, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2015;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

By:

/s/ C HAD M. C OHEN

Name: Chad M. Cohen
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: May 12, 2015

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Zillow Group, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Spencer M. Rascoff, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

By:

/s/ S PENCER M. R ASCOFF

Name: Spencer M. Rascoff
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 12, 2015

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Zillow Group, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Chad M. Cohen, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

By:

/s/ C HAD M. C OHEN

Name: Chad M. Cohen
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: May 12, 2015