As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 24, 2015
File No. 333-18737
File No. 811-07989
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |
Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 | x |
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | x | |
Amendment No. 52 | x |
METROPOLITAN WEST FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified on Charter)
865 South Figueroa Street
Los Angeles, California 90017
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(213) 244-0000
(Registrants Telephone Number)
David B. Lippman
865 South Figueroa Street
Los Angeles, California 90017
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box).
¨ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 |
x | on July 29, 2015 pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 |
¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 |
¨ | on pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 |
¨ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
¨ | on pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
Please send Copy of Communications to:
David A. Hearth, Esq.
Paul Hastings LLP
55 Second Street, 24 th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105-3441
JULY 29
20 15
PROSPECTUS
MetWest Ultra Short Bond Fund
(I Share: MWUIX; M Share: MWUSX)
MetWest Low Duration Bond Fund
(I Share: MWLIX; M Share: MWLDX; Admin Share: MWLNX)
MetWest Intermediate Bond Fund
(I Share: MWIIX; M Share: MWIMX)
MetWest Total Return Bond Fund
(I Share: MWTIX; M Share: MWTRX; Admin Share: MWTNX; P Share: MWTSX)
MetWest High Yield Bond Fund
(I Share: MWHIX; M Share: MWHYX)
MetWest Unconstrained Bond Fund
(I Share: MWCIX; M Share: MWCRX)
MetWest Strategic Income Fund
(I Share: MWSIX; M Share: MWSTX)
MetWest AlphaTrak 500 Fund
(M Share: MWATX)
MetWest Floating Rate Income Fund
(I Share: MWFLX; M Share: MWFRX)
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC
Investment Adviser
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
MW-FUNDP_0715
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SUMMARY OF OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING FUND SHARES |
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Risks of Investing in Emerging Market and Other Foreign Securities |
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3
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Ultra Short Bond Fund seeks to maximize current income, consistent with preservation of capital.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees |
0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.16 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.25 | % | 0.23 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.66 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.16 | )% | (0.14 | )% | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
0.50 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to the net expenses shown in the table for the applicable share class. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(2) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expenses limitation in the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 51 | $ | 195 | $ | 352 | $ | 807 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 35 | $ | 140 | $ | 255 | $ | 590 |
4
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 16% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 90% of its net assets in investment grade fixed income securities or unrated securities that are determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. Up to 10% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade. The Fund also invests at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes in fixed income securities it regards as bonds. Under normal conditions, the portfolio duration is up to one year and the dollar-weighted average maturity normally exceeds one year. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets, and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments. The Fund also seeks to maintain a low degree of share price fluctuation.
Investments include various types of bonds and other securities, typically corporate bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, municipal securities, credit default swaps, private placements and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques such as reverse repurchase agreements.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Credit Risk: the risk that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on a security.
Price Volatility Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds investment portfolio will change as the prices of its investments go up or down.
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
5
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class M shares and Class I shares of the Fund are June 30, 2003 and July 31, 2004, respectively. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
6
U LTRA S HORT B OND F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.38%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended December 31, 2008) | |
8.59% | 11.98% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
0.41 | % | 3.52 | % | 1.66 | % | 2.17 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
0.13 | % | 2.88 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.92 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
0.23 | % | 2.48 | % | 0.81 | % | 1.21 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
0.80 | % | 3.68 | % | 1.86 | % | 1.88 | % | ||||||||
BofA Merrill Lynch 1-Year U.S. Treasury Index
|
0.18 | % | 0.41 | % | 2.00 | % | 1.86 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
7
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Mitch Flack, Partner and Specialist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2001.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
8
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Low Duration Bond Fund seeks to maximize current income, consistent with preservation of capital.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I |
A
DMINISTRATIVE
C LASS |
||||||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | None | |||||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||||||
Management Fees |
0.30 | % | 0.30 | % | 0.30 | % | ||||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.19 | % | None | 0.19 | % | |||||||
Other Expenses (1) |
0.14 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.19 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (2) |
0.63 | % | 0.39 | % | 0.68 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | For the Administrative Class Shares, includes up to 0.20% charged under the Shareholder Servicing Plan. |
(2) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 64 | $ | 202 | $ | 351 | $ | 786 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 40 | $ | 125 | $ | 219 | $ | 493 | ||||||||
Administrative Class |
$ | 69 | $ | 218 | $ | 379 | $ | 847 |
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 30% of the average value of its portfolio.
9
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 70% of its net assets in highly rated fixed income securities or unrated securities that are determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. Up to 30% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below highly rated securities but not more than 20% may be below investment grade. The Fund also invests at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes in fixed income securities it regards as bonds. Under normal conditions, the portfolio duration is up to three years and the dollar-weighted average maturity ranges from one to five years. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments.
Investments include various types of bonds and other securities, typically corporate bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, swaps, futures, municipal securities, credit default swaps, private placements and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques such as reverse repurchase agreements.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Credit Risk: the risk that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on a security.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default .
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of
10
a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows the performance of the Funds Class M Shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance and higher than Administrative Class performance because Class M has higher expenses than Class I and lower expenses than Administrative Class. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class M shares, Class I shares and Administrative Class shares of the Fund are March 31, 1997, March 31, 2000 and September 23, 2009, respectively. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
11
L OW D URATION B OND F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.34%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended December 31, 2008) | |
8.19% | 8.05% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
Low Duration Bond Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
1.39 | % | 4.39 | % | 3.13 | % | 4.19 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
0.84 | % | 3.44 | % | 1.75 | % | 2.34 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
0.79 | % | 3.03 | % | 1.88 | % | 2.47 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
1.61 | % | 4.59 | % | 3.32 | % | 3.80 | % | ||||||||
Administrative Class Return Before Taxes |
1.08 | % | 4.17 | % | NA | 4.88 | % | |||||||||
BofA Merrill Lynch 1-3 Year U.S. Treasury Index
|
0.62 | % | 1.06 | % | 2.54 | % | 3.71 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
12
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
13
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Intermediate Bond Fund seeks to maximize current income, consistent with preservation of capital.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees |
0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.21 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.17 | % | 0.14 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.73 | % | 0.49 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.03 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
0.70 | % | 0.49 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to 0.70% and 0.49% for Class M and Class I shares, respectively. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(2) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 72 | $ | 230 | $ | 403 | $ | 904 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 50 | $ | 157 | $ | 274 | $ | 616 |
14
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 253% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 90% of its net assets in fixed-income securities rated investment grade or unrated securities that are determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. Up to 10% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade. The Fund also invests at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes in fixed income securities it regards as bonds. Under normal conditions, the portfolio duration is one to six years and the dollar-weighted average maturity ranges from three to seven years. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments.
Investments include various types of bonds and other securities, typically corporate bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, swaps, futures, municipal securities, options, credit default swaps, private placements and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques such as reverse repurchase agreements.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Credit Risk: the risk that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on a security.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Price Volatility Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds investment portfolio will change as the prices of its investments go up or down.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
15
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows
performance of the Funds Class I shares. Class I performance is higher than Class M performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market
index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class I shares and Class M shares of the Fund are June 28, 2002 and June 30, 2003, respectively. The
Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling
(800) 241-4671.
16
I NTERMEDIATE B OND F UND C LASS I S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS I S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.38%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended September 30, 2008) | |
7.04% | 2.14% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
3.29 | % | 5.98 | % | 5.36 | % | 6.15 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions |
2.41 | % | 4.33 | % | 3.51 | % | 4.14 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
1.87 | % | 4.04 | % | 3.46 | % | 4.05 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
2.98 | % | 5.76 | % | 5.14 | % | 5.12 | % | ||||||||
Barclays Capital Intermediate U.S. Government/Credit Index
|
3.12 | % | 3.54 | % | 4.09 | % | 4.36 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
17
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
18
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Total Return Bond Fund seeks to maximize long-term total return.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I |
A
DMINISTRATIVE
C LASS |
P LAN C LASS | |||||||||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||||||||||
Management Fees |
0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | ||||||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.21 | % | None | 0.21 | % | None | ||||||||||
Other Expenses (1) |
0.13 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.05 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.69 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.40 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.01 | )% | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (3) |
0.69 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.39 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | For the Administrative Class Shares, includes up to 0.20% charged under the Shareholder Servicing Plan. |
(2) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to 0.70% for Class M shares, 0.49% for Class I shares, 0.90% for Administrative Class shares, and 0.39% for Plan Class shares. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(3) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net
19
expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only for the Plan Class shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 70 | $ | 221 | $ | 384 | $ | 859 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 45 | $ | 141 | $ | 246 | $ | 555 | ||||||||
Administrative Class |
$ | 82 | $ | 255 | $ | 444 | $ | 990 | ||||||||
Plan Class |
$ | 40 | $ | 127 | $ | 223 | $ | 504 |
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 246% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in investment grade fixed income securities or unrated securities that are determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. Up to 20% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade. The Fund also invests at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes in fixed income securities it regards as bonds. Under normal conditions, the portfolio duration is two to eight years and the dollar-weighted average maturity ranges from two to fifteen years. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets, and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments. The Adviser will focus the Funds portfolio holdings in areas of the bond market (based on quality, sector, coupon or maturity) that the Adviser believes to be relatively undervalued.
Investments include various types of bonds and other securities, typically corporate bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, swaps, futures, municipal securities, options, credit default swaps, private placements and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Credit Risk: the risk that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on a security.
20
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
21
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I and Plan Class and higher than the Administrative Class because Class M has higher expenses than Class I and Plan Class and lower expenses than the Administrative Class. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class M shares, Class I shares, Administrative Class shares and Plan Class shares of the Fund are March 31, 1997, March 31, 2000, December 18, 2009 and July 29, 2011, respectively. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
T OTAL R ETURN B OND F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: -0.17%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended June 30, 2013) | |
8.14% | 2.34% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
5.83 | % | 6.75 | % | 6.48 | % | 7.04 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
4.79 | % | 5.04 | % | 4.56 | % | 4.59 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
3.31 | % | 4.62 | % | 4.32 | % | 4.47 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
5.99 | % | 6.96 | % | 6.70 | % | 6.95 | % | ||||||||
Administrative Class Return Before Taxes |
5.68 | % | 6.52 | % | NA | 6.32 | % | |||||||||
Plan Class Return Before Taxes |
6.16 | % | NA | NA | 5.52 | % | ||||||||||
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
|
5.95 | % | 4.45 | % | 4.71 | % | 5.82 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns
22
after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
23
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The High Yield Bond Fund seeks to maximize long-term total return consistent with preservation of capital.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees |
0.50 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.14 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
0.89 | % | 0.61 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.04 | )% | (0.01 | )% | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
0.85 | % | 0.60 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, swap interest expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to the net expenses shown in the table for the applicable class. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(2) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 87 | $ | 280 | $ | 489 | $ | 1,092 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 61 | $ | 194 | $ | 339 | $ | 761 |
24
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 61% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes in high yield bonds (commonly called junk bonds) which are rated below investment grade or are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. The remainder of the Funds net assets may be invested in investment grade securities rated by one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser.
Under normal conditions, the portfolio duration is two to eight years and the dollar-weighted average maturity ranges from two to fifteen years. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets, and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments. The Adviser will focus the Funds portfolio holdings in areas of the bond market that the Adviser believes to be relatively undervalued.
Investments include various types of bonds and other securities, typically corporate bonds, mezzanine investments, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, swaps, credit default swaps, currency futures and options, bank loans, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, foreign securities, U.S. Treasuries and agency securities, cash and cash equivalents, private placements, defaulted debt securities and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques such as reverse repurchase agreements.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
High Yield Risk: the risk that these bonds have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid and subject to greater price volatility than investment grade bonds.
Price Volatility Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds investment portfolio will change as the prices of its investments go up or down.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of
25
a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Leverage Risk: the risk that leverage may result from certain transactions, including the use of derivatives and borrowing. This may impair the Funds liquidity, cause it to liquidate positions at an unfavorable time, increase its volatility or otherwise cause it not to achieve its intended result. The Fund will reduce leverage risk by either segregating an equal amount of liquid assets or covering the transactions that introduce such risk.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
26
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class M shares and Class I shares of the Fund are September 30, 2002 and March 31, 2003, respectively. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
H IGH Y IELD B OND F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.57%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended June 30, 2009) | (quarter ended December 31, 2008) | |
21.58% | 15.30% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
0.34 | % | 6.96 | % | 6.95 | % | 9.59 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
1.97 | % | 4.02 | % | 3.82 | % | 6.09 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
0.46 | % | 4.29 | % | 4.13 | % | 6.20 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
0.69 | % | 7.22 | % | 7.21 | % | 8.68 | % | ||||||||
Barclays Capital U.S. Corporate High Yield Index2% Issuer Cap
|
2.46 | % | 8.98 | % | 7.73 | % | 9.97% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
27
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Jamie Farnham, Managing Director and Director of Credit Research of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2002.
Gino Nucci, Managing Director and Corporate Specialist of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
28
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Unconstrained Bond Fund seeks to provide investors with positive long-term returns irrespective of general securities market conditions.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees |
0.65 | % | 0.65 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.14 | % | 0.15 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (1) |
1.04 | % | 0.80 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 106 | $ | 331 | $ | 574 | $ | 1,271 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 82 | $ | 255 | $ | 444 | $ | 990 |
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 18% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund intends to pursue its objective by utilizing a flexible investment approach that allocates investments across a range of global investment opportunities related to credit, currencies and interest rates. Satisfying the Funds objective would require it to achieve positive total returns over a full market cycle. Total return includes income and capital gains.
29
The use of the term unconstrained in the Funds name means that it is not limited by the types of investments in a particular securities index. The Fund is not managed to be compared to any such index. The Fund also is unconstrained in the sense that it is not limited to any single type of investment strategy.
The portfolio management team expects to actively evaluate each investment idea based on its potential return, its risk level and how it fits within the Funds overall portfolio in determining whether to buy or sell investments. The Adviser will also actively manage the Funds risks on an on-going basis to mitigate the risks of excessive losses by the portfolio overall.
The Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, which includes borrowings for investment purposes, in securities and instruments it regards as bonds in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets, and may purchase securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments. The Fund may invest in both investment grade and high yield fixed income securities (junk bonds), subject to investing no more than 50% of its total assets (measured at the time of investment) in securities rated below investment grade by Moodys, S&P or Fitch, or, if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Under normal conditions, the average portfolio duration of the fixed-income portion of the Funds portfolio will vary from negative three (-3) years to positive eight (8) years. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security to changes in interest rates. As a separate measure, there is no limit on the weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio.
The Fund may invest, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in foreign securities, and up to 50% of the Funds total assets may be invested in emerging markets and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries. The Fund will normally limit its foreign currency exposure (from non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities or currencies) to 40% of its total assets. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss from fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but will be under no obligation to do so under any circumstances.
The Fund may invest, without limitation, in derivative instruments, primarily futures and forward contracts, options, currency futures, and swap agreements (typically interest- and index-linked swaps, total return swaps and credit default swaps). Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management or to increase income or gain for the Fund. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in preferred stock and up to 5% in common stock of domestic and foreign companies.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Issuer/Credit Risk: the risk that a securitys value may decline for reasons directly related to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuers good or services.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
30
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Leverage Risk: the risk that leverage may result from certain transactions, including the use of derivatives and borrowing. This may impair the Funds liquidity, cause it to liquidate positions at an unfavorable time, increase its volatility or otherwise cause it not to achieve its intended result. The Fund will reduce leverage risk by either segregating an equal amount of liquid assets or covering the transactions that introduce such risk.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Equities Risk: the risk that equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value.
Currency Risk: the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Funds investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results. Also, because the Fund may use multiple investment strategies, it may use a strategy that produces a less favorable result than would have been produced by another strategy.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
31
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception date of Class M shares and Class I shares of the Fund is October 1, 2011. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
U NCONSTRAINED B OND F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EAR E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.51%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended March 31, 2012) | (quarter ended June 30, 2013) | |
6.82% | 0.94% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
Since
Inception |
|||||||
Unconstrained Bond Fund |
||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
3.36 | % | 9.26 | % | ||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
2.52 | % | 7.83 | % | ||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
1.90 | % | 6.60 | % | ||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
3.61 | % | 9.49 | % | ||||
BofA Merrill Lynch U.S. LIBOR 3-Month Average Index
|
0.24 | % | 0.33 | % |
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
32
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
33
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Strategic Income Fund seeks to maximize long-term total return without tracking any particular markets or indices.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees (1) |
1.90 | % | 1.90 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.26 | % | 0.23 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
2.41 | % | 2.13 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
(0.06 | )% | (0.03 | )% | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (3) |
2.35 | % | 2.10 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | The management fee paid to the Adviser for providing services to the Fund consists of a basic fee at an annual rate of 1.20% of the Funds average daily net assets and a positive or negative performance adjustment of up to an annual rate of 0.70% (applied to the average net assets for the rolling 12-month performance period), resulting in a total minimum fee of 0.50% and a total maximum fee of 1.90%. The average monthly management fee for the period from April 1, 2014 through March 31, 2015 was 1.89% (annual rate) based on average net assets for the year ended March 31, 2015. |
(2) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to 2.35% and 2.10% for Class M and Class I shares, respectively. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(3) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5%
34
return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 238 | $ | 746 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 2,742 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 213 | $ | 664 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 2,460 |
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 32% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund pursues its objective by using techniques intended to provide absolute (positive) returns in all markets and employs a strategy intended to produce high income while exploiting disparities or inefficiencies in markets. The Fund focuses on inefficiencies related to secured or asset-backed debt compared with unsecured and subordinated debt or equity of companies and issuers. Additionally, the Fund focuses on longer-term cyclical anomalies in the fixed income markets to both enhance yield and realize potential price appreciation. These anomalies include shifts in the portfolios duration, yield curve anomalies, and sector and issue-specific dislocations.
The major strategies employed by the Adviser include relative value/arbitrage strategies (capital structure arbitrage, commodities/futures arbitrage, convertible arbitrage, and interest rate arbitrage), trading/market timing strategies (interest rate timing, yield curve relationship and arbitrage and sector and issue allocations), income strategies, high yield investment strategies, long-short or market-neutral equity strategies and event driven and special situation strategies.
To implement some or all of these strategies, the Funds portfolio typically includes corporate bonds, mezzanine investments, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, swaps and other derivatives (futures, options and credit default swaps), currency futures and options, bank loans, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, convertible bonds, municipal securities, asset-backed securities and, derivatives (including those involving net interest margins, NIMs), mortgage-backed securities, foreign securities, U.S. Treasuries and agency securities, cash and cash equivalents, private placements, defaulted debt securities, restricted securities and unrated securities. Many of these investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the average dollar-weighted credit quality of the Funds long-term debt investments will be securities that are recognized as investment grade securities or are unrated and determined to be of similar quality. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its assets in debt securities rated below investment grade.
The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets. Derivatives will be used in an effort to hedge investments, for risk management, or to increase income or gains for the Fund. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
35
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Issuer/Credit Risk: The Adviser expects to invest in high yield securities, which are considered speculative and are subject to greater volatility and risk of loss than investment grade securities, particularly in deteriorating economic conditions.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Leverage Risk: the risk that leverage may result from certain transactions, including the use of derivatives and borrowing. This may impair the Funds liquidity, cause it to liquidate positions at an unfavorable time, increase its volatility or otherwise cause it not to achieve its intended result. The Fund will reduce leverage risk by either segregating an equal amount of liquid assets or covering the transactions that introduce such risk.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Securities Selection Risk: the risk that the securities held by the Fund may underperform other funds investing in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the asset class because of the portfolio managers choice of securities.
Portfolio Management Risk: the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
36
Asset-Backed Securities Investment Risk: the risk that the impairment of the value of the collateral underlying the security in which the Fund invests, such as non-payment of loans, will result in a reduction in the value of the security.
Short Sales Risk: short sales are speculative investments that will cause the Fund to lose money if the value of a security does not go down as the Adviser expects. The risk of loss is theoretically unlimited if the value of the security sold short continues to increase. In addition, the use of borrowing and short sales may cause the Fund to have higher expenses (especially interest and dividend expenses) than those of other mutual funds.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds
performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total
returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception dates of Class M shares and Class I shares of the Fund are June 30,
2003 and March 31, 2004, respectively. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our
website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling
(800) 241-4671.
S TRATEGIC I NCOME F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.77%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended December 31, 2008) | |
16.40% | 16.56% |
37
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
2.54 | % | 7.49 | % | 3.63 | % | 4.80 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
1.75 | % | 5.79 | % | 1.24 | % | 2.50 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
1.43 | % | 5.17 | % | 1.78 | % | 2.78 | % | ||||||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
2.94 | % | 7.79 | % | 3.90 | % | 3.95 | % | ||||||||
BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index +2%
|
2.04 | % | 2.09 | % | 3.58 | % | 3.54 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 2004.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
38
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The AlphaTrak 500 Fund seeks to achieve a total return that exceeds the total return of the S&P 500 Index.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | ||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | |||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||
Management Fees (1) |
0.04 | % | ||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
None | |||
Other Expenses |
2.34 | % | ||
|
|
|||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
2.38 | % | ||
|
|
|||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
(1.48 | )% | ||
|
|
|||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (3) |
0.90 | % | ||
|
|
(1) | The management fee paid to the Adviser for providing services to the Fund consists of a basic fee at an annual rate of 0.35% of the Funds average net assets and a positive or negative performance adjustment of up to an annual rate of 0.35% (applied to the average assets for the rolling 3-month performance period), resulting in a total minimum fee of 0% and a total maximum fee of 0.70%. The average monthly management fee for the year ended March 31, 2015 was 0.14% (annual rate). |
(2) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses including distribution expenses to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses to 0.90% (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation). The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limitation at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. Assuming the amount of other expenses and fee reduction and/or expense reimbursement shown above, net expenses would have been 0.90% assuming the minimum management fee, 0.90% assuming the basic fee and 0.90% assuming the maximum management fee. |
(3) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5%
39
return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 92 | $ | 600 | $ | 1,136 | $ | 2,603 |
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 30% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund is an enhanced S&P 500 Index fund that combines non-leveraged investments in the S&P 500 with a fixed-income portfolio. The Adviser actively manages the fixed-income portfolio in an effort to produce an investment return that, when combined with the Funds return on the S&P 500 Index futures, will exceed the total return of the S&P 500 Index. The Fund may also use S&P 500 swap contracts together or in lieu of the S&P index futures. The Fund is not designed for investors that are sensitive to taxable gains.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, in S&P 500 Index futures contracts with a contractual or notional value substantially equal to the Funds total assets. The Fund will make margin deposits with futures commission merchants with a total value equal to approximately 4% to 5% of the notional value of the futures contracts and invest the rest of its assets in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations, mortgage-related issuers and governments. The portfolio duration is up to three years and the dollar-weighted average maturity ranges from one to five years. At least 85% of the Funds net assets are invested in fixed income securities rated at least investment grade or unrated securities that are determined by the Adviser to be of similar quality. Up to 15% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade.
Investments typically include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, swaps, futures, options, credit default swaps, private placements, defaulted debt securities and restricted securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating. The Fund invests in the U.S. and abroad, including emerging markets.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the securities in which the Fund invests will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Liquidity Risk: the risk that there may be no willing buyer of the Funds portfolio securities and the Fund may have to sell those securities at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on performance. Over recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in the ability of
40
dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that debt securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Prepayment Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of declining interest rates, the Funds higher yielding securities will be prepaid and the Fund will have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Extension Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities: the risk that in times of rising interest rates prepayments will slow causing securities considered short or intermediate term to become longer-term securities that fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates than shorter term securities.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Foreign Securities Risk: the value of the Funds investments in foreign securities also depends on changing currency values, different political and economic environments and other overall economic conditions in the countries where the Fund invests. Emerging market debt securities tend to be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default than higher rated securities from more developed markets. Investments by the Fund in currencies other than U.S. dollars may decline in value against the U.S. dollar if not properly hedged.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception date of Class M shares is June 29, 1998. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
41
A LPHA T RAK 500 F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 0.84%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended September 30, 2009) | (quarter ended December 31, 2008) | |
29.87% | 33.87% |
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
5
Years |
10
Years |
Since
Inception |
|||||||||||||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
||||||||||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
13.89 | % | 19.51 | % | 7.24 | % | 5.65 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
13.32 | % | 18.21 | % | 4.51 | % | 3.00 | % | ||||||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
7.84 | % | 15.19 | % | 4.32 | % | 3.12 | % | ||||||||
S&P 500 Index
|
12.49 | % | 15.26 | % | 7.59 | % | 5.54 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Tad Rivelle, Founding Partner, Chief Investment Officer and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since 1996.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
42
FUND SUMMARY
I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE
The Floating Rate Income Fund (the Fund) seeks primarily to maximize current income, with a secondary objective of long-term capital appreciation.
F EES AND E XPENSES OF THE F UND
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
C LASS M | C LASS I | |||||||
S HAREHOLDER F EES |
||||||||
(fees paid directly from your investment) |
None | None | ||||||
A NNUAL F UND O PERATING E XPENSES |
||||||||
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||||
Management Fees |
0.55 | % | 0.55 | % | ||||
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
0.25 | % | None | |||||
Other Expenses |
0.27 | % | 0.15 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.07 | % | 0.70 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.17 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (2) |
0.90 | % | 0.70 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) has contractually agreed to reduce advisory fees and/or reimburse expenses, including distribution expenses, to limit the Funds total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expenses, swap interest expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization or extraordinary expenses such as litigation), to the net expenses shown in the table for the applicable class. The Adviser may recoup reduced fees and expenses within three years, subject to any applicable expense limit at the time of recoupment. This contract will remain in place until July 31, 2016. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Trustees is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser. |
(2) | The expense information in the table has been updated to reflect the amended operating expense limit (effective July 29, 2014) as if it had been in effect during the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. |
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1
Year |
3
Years |
5
Years |
10
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class M |
$ | 92 | $ | 323 | $ | 574 | $ | 1,290 | ||||||||
Class I |
$ | 72 | $ | 224 | $ | 390 | $ | 871 |
43
P ORTFOLIO T URNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 49% of the average value of its portfolio.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets, which includes borrowings for investment purposes, in floating rate investments and in investments that are the economic equivalent of floating rate investments. We expect the Funds portfolio of these investments to produce a floating rate of income over time. These investments may include, but are not limited to, any combination of the following items: (i) senior secured floating rate loans or debt; (ii) second lien or other subordinated or unsecured floating rate loans or debt; (iii) fixed-rate loans or debt, such as corporate bonds, preferred securities, convertible securities, mezzanine investments, collateralized loan obligations, senior loans, second lien loans, structured products and U.S. government debt securities, with respect to which the Fund has entered into derivative instruments that have the effect of converting the fixed-rate interest payments into floating-rate interest payments; and (iv) writing credit derivatives, which would give the Fund exposure to the credit of a single issuer or an index. The market value of written credit derivatives would count toward the 80% test specified above. The Fund may also purchase, without limitation, participations or assignments in senior floating rate loans or second lien floating rate loans. Debt instruments include convertible or preferred securities that produce income.
The portfolio managers may consider many factors in purchasing and selling investments for the Fund, such as a fundamental analysis of the issuer, the credit quality of the issuer and collateral for the investment, capital structure, leverage, operating results for the issuer and the business outlook for the issuer, industry or broader economy.
The Funds investments may have any credit quality without limitation, including investments rated below investment grade. Under current market conditions, a substantial portion of the Funds portfolio will consist of leveraged loans rated below investment grade or unrated. These investments will have credit risks similar to high yield securities, which are commonly referred to as junk bonds.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its assets in fixed income securities with respect to which the Fund has not entered into derivative instruments to effectively convert the fixed-rate interest payments into floating-rate interest payments. Those fixed income securities may include, but are not limited to, corporate bonds, preferred securities, convertible securities, mezzanine investments, collateralized loan obligations, senior loans, second lien loans, structured products and U.S. government debt securities.
The Funds portfolio securities may have any duration or maturity.
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, including issuers located in emerging markets. Under normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in loans and other securities of U.S. issuers or issuers with their primary operations, assets or management activities in the U.S. (including limited purpose controlled affiliates outside of the U.S. that borrow or issue securities primarily for the benefit of their U.S. parent companies or affiliates).
Up to 15% of the Funds net assets may be invested in illiquid securities.
The Fund may also invest in companies whose financial condition is uncertain, where the borrower has defaulted in the payment of interest or principal or in the performance of its covenants or agreements, or that may be involved in bankruptcy proceedings, reorganizations or financial restructurings.
44
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in common stocks or other equity securities. In addition, the Fund may acquire and hold those securities (or rights to acquire such securities) in unit offerings with fixed income securities, in connection with an amendment, waiver, conversion or exchange of fixed income securities, in connection with the bankruptcy or workout of a distressed fixed income security, or upon the exercise of a right or warrant obtained on account of a fixed income security.
The Fund may buy or sell options or futures on a security or an index of securities, buy or sell options on futures or enter into credit default swaps and interest rate or foreign currency transactions, including swaps and forward contracts (which are commonly known as derivatives). The Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes, but is not required to do so, as well as to increase the total return on its portfolio investments.
P RINCIPAL R ISKS
Because the Fund holds investments with fluctuating market prices, the value of the Funds shares will vary as its portfolio holdings increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in the Fund could go down as well as up. You can lose money by investing in the Fund.
The principal risks affecting the Fund that can cause a decline in value are:
Market Risk: the risk that returns from the investments held by the Fund will underperform returns from the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that investments held by the Fund will decline in value because of changes in interest rates.
Issuer/Credit Risk: the risk that an issuer will default on payment of principal and/or interest on a bond or other fixed-income security. The financial strength of an issuer may decline after the Fund purchases its security. A default or increased risk of default can reduce the value of the Funds investment.
High Yield Risk: the risk these bonds, sometimes referred to as junk bonds, have a higher degree of default risk and may be less liquid and subject to greater price volatility than investment grade bonds.
Loan Risks: Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Borrowers generally pay interest on corporate loans at rates that change in response to changes in market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or the prime rates of U.S. banks. As a result, the value of corporate loan investments is generally less exposed to the adverse effects of shifts in market interest rates than investments that pay a fixed rate of interest. Investments in loans are generally subject to the same risks as investments in other types of debt securities, including, in many cases, investments in high-yield/junk bonds. They may be difficult to value, have wide bid-ask spreads and may be illiquid. If the Fund holds a loan through another financial institution, or relies on a financial institution to administer the loan, its receipt of principal and interest on the loan may be subject to the credit risk of that financial institution. It is possible that any collateral securing a loan may be insufficient or unavailable to the Fund, and that the Funds rights to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or insolvency laws. There may be limited public information available regarding the loan. Transactions in loans may settle on a delayed basis, and the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a substantial period of time after the sale.
Distressed Investment Risks: A security held by the Fund (or the issuer of that security) may become distressed after the Funds investment. Distressed securities are speculative and involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in junk bonds. The Fund will generally not receive interest payments on the distressed securities and may incur costs to protect its investment. In addition, distressed securities involve the substantial risk that principal will not be repaid. These securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default at the time of investment. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal of or interest on its portfolio holdings. In any reorganization
45
or liquidation proceeding relating to a portfolio company, the Fund may lose its entire investment or may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than its original investment. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments, which includes liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks as well as risks related to mispricing or improper valuation. Changes in the value of a derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, reference rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the principal amount invested. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility and less liquidity than investments in more traditional securities.
Swap Agreements Risk: the risk of using swaps, which, in addition to risks applicable to derivatives generally, includes: (1) the inability to assign a swap contract without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to a swap for those not traded through a central counterparty; (3) absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out a swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Leverage Risk: the risk that leverage may result from certain transactions, including the use of derivatives and borrowing. This may impair the Funds liquidity, cause it to liquidate positions at an unfavorable time, increase its volatility or otherwise cause it not to achieve its intended result. The Fund will reduce leverage risk either by segregating an equal amount of liquid assets or by covering the transactions that introduce such risk through the use of off-setting or hedging transactions.
Foreign Investing Risk: the risk that the value of the Funds foreign investments will fluctuate with market conditions, currency exchange rates and the economic and political climates of the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure. Emerging market debt also may be of lower credit quality and subject to greater risk of default.
Equities Risk: the risk that equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value.
Liquidity Risk: Lack of a ready market or restrictions on resale may limit the ability of the Fund to sell a security at an advantageous time or price. In addition, the Fund, by itself or together with other accounts managed by the Adviser may hold a position in a security that is large relative to the typical trading volume for that security, which can make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of the position at an advantageous time or price. Some loans held by the Fund may also experience delayed settlement, which can impair the ability of the Fund pay redemptions or to re-invest proceeds, or may require the Fund to borrow to meet redemptions. Over recent years, the fixed-income markets have grown more than the ability of dealers to make markets, which can further constrain liquidity and increase the volatility of portfolio valuations. High levels of redemptions in bond funds in response to market conditions could cause greater losses as a result. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
Senior Loan Risks: There is less readily available, reliable information about most senior loans than is the case for many other types of securities. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a senior loan may lose significant value before a default occurs. Moreover, any specific collateral used to secure a senior loan may decline in value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the senior loans value. No active trading market may exist for certain senior loans, which may impair the ability of the Fund to realize full value in the event of the need to sell a senior loan and which may make it difficult to value senior loans. Although senior loans in which the Fund will invest generally will be secured by specific collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrowers obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. To the extent that a senior loan is collateralized by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose all of its value in the
46
event of the bankruptcy of the borrower. Uncollateralized senior loans involve a greater risk of loss. The senior loans in which the Fund invests are usually rated below investment grade. Senior loans made in connection with highly leveraged transactions are subject to greater risks than other senior loans. For example, the risks of default or bankruptcy of the borrower or the risks that other creditors of the borrower may seek to nullify or subordinate the Funds claims on any collateral securing the loan are greater in highly leveraged transactions.
Second Lien Loan Risks: Second lien loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in senior loans. Because second lien loans are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to senior loans, they are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower.
Please see Principal Risks and Other Risks for a more detailed description of the risks of investing in the Fund.
Your investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person.
P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION
The following bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance from year to year. The bar chart shows performance of the Funds Class M shares. Class M performance is lower than Class I performance because Class I has lower expenses than Class M. The table compares the average annual total returns of the Fund to a broad-based securities market index. Total returns would have been lower if certain fees and expenses had not been waived or reimbursed. The inception date of Class M shares and Class I shares of the Fund is June 28, 2013. The Funds past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information for the Fund is available on our website at www.mwamllc.com or by calling (800) 241-4671.
F LOATING R ATE I NCOME F UND C LASS M S HARES
A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS F OR Y EARS E NDED 12/31
Y EAR - TO -D ATE T OTAL R ETURN OF C LASS M S HARES AS OF J UNE 30, 2015: 2.36%
Highest Performance Quarter |
Lowest Performance Quarter |
|
(quarter ended March 31, 2014) | (quarter ended December 31, 2014) | |
1.20% | 0.25% |
47
A VERAGE A NNUAL T OTAL R ETURNS
(F OR THE PERIODS ENDED D ECEMBER 31, 2014)
1
Year |
Since
Inception |
|||||||
Floating Rate Income Fund |
||||||||
Class M Return Before Taxes |
2.01 | % | 3.93 | % | ||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions |
0.24 | % | 2.33 | % | ||||
Class M Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
1.14 | % | 2.27 | % | ||||
Class I Return Before Taxes |
2.21 | % | 4.12 | % | ||||
S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index
|
1.55 | % | 2.97 | % |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. In some cases, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may be higher than returns before taxes because the calculations assume that the investor received a tax deduction for any loss incurred on the sale of the shares.
I NVESTMENT A DVISER
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS
Stephen M. Kane, CFA , Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
Laird Landmann, Founding Partner and Generalist Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
Jamie Farnham, Managing Director and Director of Credit Research of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
Jerry Cudzil, Managing Director of the Adviser, has been a member of the team managing the Fund since its inception.
O THER I MPORTANT I NFORMATION R EGARDING F UND S HARES
For more information about purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information, and payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, please turn to the Summary of Other Important Information Regarding Fund Shares at page 49 of this prospectus.
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INFORMATION REGARDING FUND SHARES
P URCHASE AND S ALE OF F UND S HARES
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Funds on any business day (normally any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open). Generally, purchase and redemption orders for shares of the Funds are processed at the net asset value next calculated after an order is received by the Fund. You may conduct transactions by mail (Metropolitan West Funds, c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing, P.O. Box 9793, Providence, RI 02940), or by telephone at (800) 241-4671. You may also purchase or redeem shares of the Funds through your dealer or financial advisor. Plan Class shares offered by the Total Return Bond Fund are intended for retirement plans, including defined benefit and defined contribution plans (which may include participant directed plans).
P URCHASE M INIMUMS FOR EACH S HARE C LASS
The following table provides the minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements for each share class. The minimums may be reduced or waived in some cases.
Share Class and Type of Account |
Minimum
Initial Investment |
Minimum
Subsequent Investment |
||||||
Class M |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 5,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts |
$ | 1,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Automatic Investment Plan |
$ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
Class I |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 3,000,000 | $ | 50,000 | ||||
Administrative Class |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 2,500 | $ | 0 | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts |
$ | 1,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Plan Class |
||||||||
Regular Accounts (Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans) |
$ | 25,000,000 | $ | 50,000 |
T AX I NFORMATION
Dividends and capital gains distributions you receive from the Fund are subject to federal income taxes and may also be subject to state and local taxes, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal from those arrangements.
P AYMENTS TO B ROKER -D EALERS AND O THER F INANCIAL I NTERMEDIARIES
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or the Adviser may, directly or through the Funds principal underwriter, pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information. Plan Class shares do not make payments to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries.
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Information about each Funds investment objective, principal investment strategies, investment practices and principal risk factors appears in the relevant summary section for each Fund at the beginning of the Prospectus. Each Funds investment objective is fundamental and cannot be changed without shareholder approval. The information below describes in greater detail the investments, investment practices and other risks pertinent to the Funds. Some of the Funds may use the investment strategies discussed below more than other Funds.
P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES
The Funds have adopted a policy to provide a Funds shareholders with at least 60 days prior notice of any change in the principal investment strategies of that Fund.
Each Fund may use certain types of investments and investing techniques that are described in more detail in the Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund may engage in defensive investing, which is a deliberate, temporary shift in portfolio strategy that may be undertaken when markets start behaving in volatile or unusual ways. The Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest a substantial part of its assets in bonds of U.S. or foreign governments, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, high-grade commercial paper, and repurchase agreements. When the Fund has invested defensively in low risk, low return securities, it may not achieve its investment objectives. References to minimum credit ratings or quality for securities apply to the time of investment. Downgrades do not require disposition of a holding.
The Funds each invest in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities with a different portfolio duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed-income security that was developed as a more precise alternative to the concept of term to maturity. Duration incorporates a bonds yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity, call and put features and prepayment exposure into one measure. Traditionally, a fixed-income securitys term to maturity has been used to determine the sensitivity of the securitys price to changes in interest rates (which is the interest rate
risk or volatility of the security). However, term to maturity measures only the time until a fixed-income security provides its final payment, taking no account of the pattern of the securitys payments prior to maturity. Duration is used in the management of the Funds as a tool to measure interest rate risk. For example, a Fund with a portfolio duration of 2 years would be expected to change in value 2% for every 1% move in interest rates. For a more detailed discussion of duration, see Securities and Techniques used by the Funds Duration in the Statement of Additional Information.
U LTRA S HORT B OND F UND
The Fund invests in a portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of up to one year. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The Funds dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity will normally exceed one year. The Fund also seeks to maintain a low degree of share price fluctuation. The Funds portfolio may include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, municipal securities, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), private placements, defaulted debt securities and securities offered pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933 (Rule 144A Securities). These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 90% of its net assets in securities rated investment grade by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations. These are debt securities rated at least Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service (Moodys), BBB- by Standard & Poors Rating Group (S&P) or BBB- by Fitch Ratings (Fitch), or A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moodys or F-2 by Fitch for short-term debt obligations, or securities of comparable quality to investment grade securities as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. Up to 10% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade.
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The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options and may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on derivative instruments such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally short sell up to 25% of the value of its total assets.
L OW D URATION B OND F UND
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of up to three years. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio is expected to range from one to five years. The Funds portfolio may include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, municipal securities, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), private placements, defaulted debt securities and Rule 144A Securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 70% of its net assets in highly rated securities. These are debt securities rated at least A by Moodys, S&P or Fitch, or A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moodys or F-2 by Fitch for short-term debt obligations, or securities of comparable quality to highly rated securities as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. Up to 30% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below highly rated
securities by all three of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser. Of that amount, not more than 20% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade (meaning at least BBB).
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options and may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on derivative instruments such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally short sell up to 25% of the value of its total assets.
I NTERMEDIATE B OND F UND
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of one to six years. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio is expected to range from three to seven years. The Funds portfolio may include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, municipal securities, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), private placements, defaulted debt securities and Rule 144A Securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 90% of its net assets in securities rated
51
investment grade by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. These are debt securities rated at least Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P or BBB- by Fitch, or A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moodys or F-2 by Fitch for short-term debt obligations, or securities of comparable quality to investment grade securities as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. Up to 10% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options and may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on derivative instruments such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally short sell up to 25% of the value of its total assets.
T OTAL R ETURN B OND F UND
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of two to eight years. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio is expected to range from two to fifteen years. The Funds portfolio may include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, municipal securities, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), private placements, defaulted debt securities and Rule 144A Securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
The Adviser will focus the Funds portfolio holdings in areas of the bond market (based on quality, sector, coupon or maturity) that the Adviser believes to be relatively undervalued.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in investment grade securities. These are debt securities rated at least Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P or BBB- by Fitch, or A-2 by S&P, P-2 by Moodys or F-2 by Fitch for short-term debt obligations, or securities of comparable quality to investment grade securities as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. Up to 20% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options and may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on derivative instruments such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may also seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally short sell up to 25% of the value of its total assets.
H IGH Y IELD B OND F UND
The Fund invests in a portfolio of high yield fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of two to eight years. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio is expected to range from two to fifteen years. The Funds portfolio may include corporate bonds, mezzanine investments, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations,
52
collateralized loan obligations, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), currency futures and options, bank loans, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, foreign securities (including Yankees and emerging markets securities), U.S. Treasuries and agency securities, cash and cash equivalents (such as money-market securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances), private placements, defaulted debt securities and Rule 144A Securities and unrated securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
The Adviser will concentrate the Funds portfolio holdings in areas of the bond market (based on quality, sector, coupon or maturity) that the Adviser believes to be relatively undervalued.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in a portfolio of high yield securities (occasionally called junk bonds) rated below investment grade by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. These are debt securities rated below Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P or BBB- by Fitch, or A2 by S&P, P-2 by Moodys or F-2 by Fitch for short-term debt obligations, or securities of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. The remainder of the Funds net assets may be invested in investment grade securities rated by one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options and may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on derivative instruments such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may also seek to obtain
market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally borrow or short sell up to 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets.
U NCONSTRAINED B OND F UND
In addition to the investment techniques and types of investments described in the summary section of this prospectus, the Fund may also pursue its investment objective as described below. Because this Fund is not constrained by the characteristics or performance of any particular securities index or by any specific investment strategy, there can be no assurances as to which types of investments or strategies will be emphasized at any particular time.
The Fund employs an absolute return type of investment approach. This means that the Fund will typically compare its performance against short-term cash instruments, adjusting to compensate for the amount of investment risk assumed. Relative return strategies, by contrast, seek to outperform a designated stock, bond or other market index, and measure their performance primarily in relation to that type of benchmark index. The intent is that, over time, the investment performance of absolute return strategies typically should be substantially independent of longer term movements in the stock and bond market. In making investment decisions on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser will use a variety of techniques such as a fundamental asset valuation model, quantitative portfolio optimization and risk management techniques. The Adviser seeks to invest in sectors of the markets that it believes offers the best risk adjusted returns and intends to manage the targeted volatility of the Fund. Certain investment techniques such as buying/selling options and futures, swaps and other derivatives may also be employed in an effort to reduce the Funds volatility.
A bond as used in the name of the Fund is a security or instrument having one or more of the following characteristics: a fixed-income security, a security issued at a discount to its face value, a security that pays interest or a security with a stated principal amount that requires repayment of some or all of that principal amount to the holder of the security. The term bond is interpreted broadly by the Adviser as an instrument or security evidencing a promise to pay some amount rather than evidencing
53
the corporate ownership of equity, unless that equity represents an indirect or derivative interest in one or more bonds. Bonds for this purpose also include instruments that are intended to provide one or more of the characteristics of a direct investment in one or more bonds.
The Fund may use certain types of investments and investing techniques that are described in more detail in the Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may engage in defensive investing, which is a deliberate, temporary shift in portfolio strategy that may be undertaken when markets start behaving in volatile or unusual ways. The Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest a substantial part of its assets in bonds of U.S. or foreign governments, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, high-grade commercial paper, and repurchase agreements. When the Fund has invested defensively in low risk, low return securities, it may not achieve its investment objectives. References to minimum credit ratings or quality for securities apply to the time of investment. Downgrades do not require disposition of a holding.
The Fund may sell securities and other instruments short provided that not more than 25% of its net assets is held as collateral for those transactions.
The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities with a different portfolio duration. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies.
The Fund may enter into various types of swap agreements as noted previously. These can include, for example, credit default, interest rate, total return, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements. These transactions attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to a Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors, where there is any agreement to exchange the returns on particular investments. Whether a Funds use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Advisers ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Credit default swaps involve parties effectively buying or selling
protection with respect to whether an event of default by a selected entity (or entities) will occur. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of interest payments by the Fund with another party, such as an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed interest rate payments. A total return swap is the generic name for any swap where one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset, usually in return for receiving a stream of cash flows. Total return swaps are most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined portfolios of loans and mortgages.
S TRATEGIC I NCOME F UND
The Fund uses techniques intended to provide absolute (positive) returns in all markets by employing a strategy intended to produce high income while exploiting disparities or inefficiencies in markets. The Fund will focus on inefficiencies related to secured or asset-backed debt compared with unsecured and subordinated debt or equity of companies and issuers. Additionally, the Fund will focus on longer-term cyclical anomalies in the fixed income markets to both enhance yield and realize potential price appreciation. These anomalies include: shifts in the portfolios duration, yield curve anomalies, and sector and issue-specific dislocations. A fuller description of these and other strategies may be found below and in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
The major strategies to be employed by the Adviser include:
Relative Value/Arbitrage Strategies, which include investing both long and short in related securities or other instruments to take advantage of perceived discrepancies in market prices. Arbitrage strategies typically employ leverage. These strategies may include:
Capital Structure Arbitrage, which involves seeking out the expanded variety of different instruments that a corporation may use for funding (equity, preferred, convertibles, bonds, loans, senior debt versus junior debt, secured versus unsecured, lease versus sale, putable versus callable). The Adviser believes it has become increasingly difficult for the market to continuously price the different financial instruments issued by an entity efficiently and, thus, the opportunities for arbitraging the capital
54
structure of entities (the loans verses bonds, senior debt versus junior debt, holding company versus subsidiary, putables versus callables, etc.) have increased as well.
Commodities/Futures Arbitrage, which involves arbitraging intra and inter-market price discrepancies among the various commodity and interest rate futures markets.
Convertible Arbitrage, which is hedged investing in the convertible securities of a company such as buying the convertible bond and shorting the common stock of the same company.
Interest Rate Arbitrage, which involves buying long and short different debt securities, interest rate swap arbitrage, and U.S. and non-U.S. government bond arbitrage.
Trading/Market-Timing Strategies, which are designed to benefit from cyclical relationships that exist in certain markets, sectors and security types. Examples would be:
Interest Rate Timing, which is based on the premise that interest rates have historically exhibited a cyclical pattern. Real interest rates (nominal interest rates less inflation) have been higher during economic expansions and have decreased as the economy slows. The Adviser uses this relationship to set the average duration of the Fund to benefit over a full market cycle from changes in interest rates. This investment process cost-averages the duration of the Fund higher as real interest rates rise beyond their historic normal levels, and cost-averages the duration lower as real interest rates move lower. At times, the portfolios average duration may be negative if real interest rates are negative.
Yield Curve Relationships and Arbitrage, which presumes that like interest rates, the relationship between bonds of various maturities has been highly variable across the economic cycle. The Fund seeks to take advantage of these movements both with relative value trades as described above and by concentrating the portfolio in the historically most undervalued sections of the yield curve. These strategies seek to benefit from the cyclical changes that occur in the shape of the yield curve.
Sector and Issue Allocations, where the Adviser strives to benefit from cyclical changes between sectors of the fixed-income markets. This is accomplished by using relative value and historical benchmarks to determine when sectors are undervalued. It might be implemented through long-only positions or a combination of long and short positions. The Adviser will use fundamental research to find individual issuers of securities that the Adviser believes are undervalued and have high income and the potential for price appreciation.
Income Strategies, where the Adviser seeks to invest the Funds assets in a manner that will generate high monthly income. The objective of this approach is to create income that will smooth the returns of the trading oriented strategies listed above. This approach will focus on traditional fixed income strategies including investment in investment grade corporate bonds, high yield corporate bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, preferred stock and high dividend yielding equity securities.
High Yield Investment Strategies, where the Fund invests in high yield fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) of any portfolio duration. These strategies are designed to take advantage of deeply discounted debt securities of companies that appear to have significant upside potential. Accordingly, the Adviser will concentrate the Funds bond holdings in areas of the bond market (based on quality, sector, coupon or maturity) that the Adviser believes to be relatively undervalued. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio of such high yield securities is expected to range from two to fifteen years.
Long-Short or Market-Neutral Equity Strategies, which are designed to exploit equity market inefficiencies and generally involves being simultaneously invested in long and short matched equity portfolios of the same size, usually in the same sector or market. Under these strategies, the Adviser seeks to hold stocks long that the Adviser believes will perform better than comparable stocks, and sell stocks short that the Adviser believes will
55
underperform comparable stocks, drawing on analyses of earnings, timing, pricing, or other factors. This type of investing may reduce market risk, but effective stock analysis and stock picking is essential to obtaining positive results.
Event Driven and Special Situation Strategies, which are designed to benefit from price movements caused by anticipated corporate events such as a merger, acquisition, spin-off, liquidation, reorganization or other special situation.
To implement some or all of these strategies, the Funds portfolio may include (but is not limited to): corporate bonds, mezzanine investments, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), currency futures and options, bank loans, municipal securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, convertible bonds, asset-backed securities and, derivatives (including those involving net interest margins, NIMs), mortgage-backed securities, foreign securities (including Yankees and emerging markets securities), U.S. Treasuries and agency securities, cash and cash equivalents (such as money-market securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances), private placements, defaulted debt securities, Rule 144A Securities and unrated securities. Many of these investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the average dollar-weighted credit quality of the Funds long-term debt investments will be rated Baa1 by Moodys or BBB+ by S&P or BBB+ by Fitch, which are recognized as investment grade securities or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its assets in debt securities rated below investment grade, or if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser, at the time of purchase. Below investment grade securities are sometimes called junk bonds.
Investments in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars are limited to a maximum of 30% of the Funds assets. The Fund may also invest in emerging market foreign securities. The Fund reserves the right to hedge its exposure to foreign currencies to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, but normally will not do so. The Fund expects to invest in futures and options
and may invest a substantial portion of its assets in derivative instruments, such as futures and options. The Fund may borrow from banks and/or other financial institutions or through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund also may seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques. The Fund may normally borrow or sell securities short each up to 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets.
A LPHA T RAK 500 F UND
The Fund is an enhanced S&P 500 Index fund that combines non-leveraged investments in S&P 500 Index futures with a fixed-income portfolio. The Adviser will actively manage the fixed-income portfolio in an effort to produce an investment return that, when combined with the Funds return on the S&P 500 Index futures, will exceed the total return of the S&P 500 Index. The Fund may also use S&P 500 swap contracts together or in lieu of the S&P index futures. Additional information about the risks of swap contracts can be found under Principal Risks.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in S&P 500 Index futures contracts with a contractual or notional value substantially equal to the Funds total assets. The Fund will need to make margin deposits with futures commission merchants (broker-dealers for futures contracts) with a total value equal to approximately 4-5% of the notional value of the futures contracts and invest the rest of its assets in a diversified portfolio of fixed-income securities of varying maturities issued by domestic and foreign corporations and governments (and their agencies and instrumentalities) with a portfolio duration of up to three years. The meaning of duration is explained under Additional Fund Information Principal Investment Strategies. The dollar-weighted average maturity of the Funds portfolio is expected to range from one to five years. The Funds portfolio may include bonds, notes, collateralized bond obligations, collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, bank loans, money-market securities, swaps and other derivatives (including futures, options and credit default swaps), private placements, defaulted debt securities and Rule 144A Securities. These investments may have interest rates that are fixed, variable or floating.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 85% of its net assets in fixed income securities
56
rated at least investment grade by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or debt securities of comparable quality to investment grade securities as determined by the Adviser in the case of unrated securities. Up to 15% of the Funds net assets may be invested in securities rated below investment grade.
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in foreign securities (denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies) including emerging market foreign securities.
The Fund is not designed for investors that are sensitive to taxable gains. This Fund will recognize most gains, if any, in each taxable year and is most suitable for tax-deferred or non-taxable investors such as IRAs and employee benefit plans.
The S&P 500 Index consists of 500 stocks chosen by Standard & Poors for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. It is a market-value weighted unmanaged index (stock price times number of shares outstanding), with each stocks weight in the S&P 500 Index proportionate to its market value. The Fund is neither sponsored by, nor affiliated with, Standard & Poors.
F LOATING R ATE I NCOME F UND
In selecting floating rate loans or debt and other securities for the Fund, the Adviser will seek to identify issuers and industries that it expects to experience stable or improving financial conditions. The Advisers analysis may include some or all of the following: (i) credit research on the issuers financial strength; (ii) assessment of the issuers ability to meet principal and interest payments; (iii) general industry trends; (iv) the issuers managerial strength; (v) changing financial conditions; (vi) borrowing requirements or debt maturity schedules; and (vii) the issuers responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. The Adviser will analyze relative values among issuers based on anticipated cash flow, interest or dividend coverage, asset coverage and earnings prospects. The Adviser will monitor any floating rate loan or debt or other securities in which the Fund has invested. There can be no assurance that this analysis will identify factors that may impair the value of the floating rate loan or debt.
The Fund may use certain types of investments and investing techniques that are described in more detail
in the Statement of Additional Information. The Fund may engage in defensive investing, which is a deliberate, temporary shift in portfolio strategy that may be undertaken when markets start behaving in volatile or unusual ways. The Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest a substantial part of its assets in bonds of U.S. or foreign governments, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, high-grade commercial paper, and repurchase agreements. When the Fund has invested defensively in low risk, low return securities, it may not achieve its investment objectives. References to minimum credit ratings or quality for securities apply to the time of investment. Downgrades do not require disposition of a holding.
The Fund may sell securities and other instruments short provided that not more than 15% of its net assets are held as collateral for those transactions.
The Fund may enter into various types of swap agreements as noted previously. These can include, for example, credit default, interest rate, total return, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements. These transactions attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to a Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors, where there is an agreement to exchange the returns on particular investments. Whether the Funds use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Advisers ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Credit default swaps involves parties effectively buying or selling protection with respect to whether an event of default by a selected entity (or entities) will occur. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of interest payments by the Fund with another party, such as an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed interest rate payments. A total return swap is the generic name for any swap where one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset, usually in return for receiving a stream of cash flows. Total return swaps are most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined portfolios of loans and mortgages. The Fund will segregate or ear-mark its liquid assets in an amount equal to the market value of its obligation to the counterparty under each swap agreement.
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All the Funds are affected by changes in the economy, or in securities and other markets. There is also the possibility that investment decisions the Adviser makes with respect to the investments of the Funds will not accomplish what they were designed to achieve or that the investments will have disappointing performance.
Risk is the chance that you will lose money on your investment or that it will not earn as much as you expect. In general, the greater the risk, the more money your investment has the potential to earn for you and the more you can lose. Because the Funds hold securities with fluctuating market prices, the value of each Funds shares will vary as its portfolio securities increase or decrease in value. Therefore, the value of your investment in a Fund could go down as well as up.
Your investment is not a bank deposit, and it is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, entity, or person. You can lose money by investing in a Fund. When you sell your shares of a Fund, they could be worth more or less than what you paid for them.
Y OUR I NVESTMENT IN A F UND MAY BE SUBJECT ( IN VARYING DEGREES ) TO THE FOLLOWING RISKS DISCUSSED BELOW . E ACH F UND MAY BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO SOME OF THE RISKS THAN OTHERS .
In addition to the special risks presented for the AlphaTrak 500 Fund, the High Yield Bond Fund, the Strategic Income Fund, the Unconstrained Bond Fund and the Floating Rate Income Fund, the Funds are subject primarily to interest rate risk, credit risk and prepayment risk.
Interest rate risk is the potential for a decline in bond prices due to rising interest rates. In general, bond prices vary inversely with interest rates. The change in a bonds price depends on several factors, including the bonds maturity date. The degree to which a bonds price will change as a result of changes in interest rates is measured by its duration. For example, the price of a bond with a
5 year duration would be expected under normal market conditions to decrease 5% for every 1% increase in interest rates. Generally, bonds with longer maturities have a greater duration and thus are subject to greater price volatility from changes in interest rates. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other things). It is possible that there will be less governmental action in the near future to maintain low interest rates. The negative impact on fixed income securities from resulting rate increases, regardless of the cause, could be swift and significant, which could result in significant losses by the Funds, even if anticipated by the Adviser.
Investors should note that interest rates currently are near historical lows. Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the Federal Reserve Board (the Federal Reserve) attempted to stabilize the U.S. economy and support the U.S. economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate near zero percent and by purchasing large quantities of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities on the open market (Quantitative Easing). As the Federal Reserve raises the federal funds rate and tapers Quantitative Easing, there is a risk that interest rates will rise. These policy changes may expose fixed income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of a Funds investments and share price to decline. A Fund that invests in derivatives tied to fixed income markets may be more substantially exposed to these risks than a Fund that does not invest in such derivatives. Increases in interest rates may lead to heightened Fund redemption activity, which may cause the Fund to lose value as a result of the costs that it incurs in turning over its portfolio and may lower its performance.
Credit risk refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default on the payment of principal and/or interest on a security.
Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, lack of or inadequacy of collateral or credit
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enhancements for a fixed income security may affect its credit risk. Credit risk of a security may change over time, and securities which are rated by ratings agencies are often reviewed and may be subject to downgrade. However, ratings are only opinions of the agencies issuing them and are not absolute guarantees as to quality. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may shorten or extend the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase.
Prepayment Risk arises when interest rates fall because certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase as borrowers are more likely to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During these periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.
G OVERNMENT S PONSORED E NTERPRISES
The Funds invest in securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and similar U.S. Government-sponsored entities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs). Although these issues, and others like them, may be chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Treasury.
The Funds may invest a portion of their assets in non-investment grade debt securities, commonly referred to as junk bonds. The High Yield Bond Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in such high yield securities. The Floating Rate Income Fund will invest a substantial portion of its assets in such high yield securities. Low-rated and comparable unrated securities, while generally offering higher yields than investment grade securities with similar maturities, involve greater risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy. They are regarded as
speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and to repay principal. The market values of certain of these securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate development and changes in economic conditions than higher quality bonds. In addition, low-rated and comparable unrated securities tend to be less marketable than higher-quality debt securities because the market for them is not as broad or active. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse effect on market price and a Funds ability to sell particular securities.
Various market risks can affect the price or liquidity of an issuers securities in which a Fund may invest. Returns from the securities in which a Fund invests may underperform returns from the various general securities markets or different asset classes. Different types of securities tend to go through cycles of outperformance and underperformance in comparison to the general securities markets. Adverse events occurring with respect to an issuers performance or financial position can depress the value of the issuers securities. The liquidity in a market for a particular security will affect its value and may be affected by factors relating to the issuer, as well as the depth of the market for that security. Other market risks that can affect value include a markets current attitudes about types of securities, market reactions to political or economic events, including litigation, and tax and regulatory effects (including lack of adequate regulations for a market or particular type of instrument).
Instability in the financial markets has led the U.S. Government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the securities in which a Fund invests or the issuers of such securities in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Funds are regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude a Funds ability to achieve its investment objective.
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R ISKS OF U NRATED S ECURITIES
Each Fund may purchase unrated securities (which are not rated by a rating agency) if the Adviser determines that the security is of comparable quality to a rated security that a Fund may purchase. Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Adviser may not accurately evaluate the securitys comparative credit rating. Analysis of creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality fixed income securities. To the extent that a Fund invests in high yield and/or unrated securities, the Funds success in achieving its investment objective may depend more heavily on the Advisers creditworthiness analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in higher-quality and rated securities.
R ISKS OF U SING C ERTAIN D ERIVATIVES
Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. The various derivative instruments that the Funds may use are described in more detail here and under Derivative Instruments in the Statement of Additional Information. The Funds typically use derivatives as a substitute for directly investing in an underlying asset and/or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks, such as interest rate or currency risk. The Funds also may use derivatives for leverage, in which case their use would involve leveraging risk. The Funds use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk and management risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. If a Fund invests in a derivative instrument it could lose more than the principal amount invested. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. Generally, the Funds invest in futures, options and swaps, but may use other types of financial derivatives.
For example, participation in the options or futures markets, as well as the use of various swap instruments, involves investment risks and transaction costs to which a Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. If the Advisers predictions of movements in the direction of the securities and interest rate markets are inaccurate, the adverse consequences to a Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if such strategies were not used. Risks inherent in the use of options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts include: (i) dependence on the Advisers ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates and securities prices; (ii) imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and options thereon and movements in the prices of the securities being hedged; (iii) the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio securities; (iv) the absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at any time; (v) the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences; and (vi) the possible inability of a Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so, or the possible need for the Fund to sell the security at a disadvantageous time, due to the requirement that the Fund maintain cover or collateral securities in connection with futures transactions and certain options. The Fund could lose the entire amount it invests in futures and other derivatives. The loss from investing in certain derivatives is potentially unlimited. There also is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for futures contracts and options in which a Fund may invest. Each Fund limits its investments in futures contracts so that the notional value (meaning the stated contract value) of the futures contracts does not exceed the net assets of that Fund.
A Funds investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may not be able to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Investments in high yield securities, foreign securities, derivatives or other securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Certain investments in private placements and Rule 144A securities may be considered illiquid investments. The Funds may invest in private placements and Rule 144A securities.
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Furthermore, reduced number and capacity of dealers and other counterparties to make markets in fixed income securities, in connection with the growth of the fixed income markets, may increase liquidity risk with respect to a Funds investments in fixed income securities. When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold, a Fund may have to sell them at a lower price or may not be able to sell the securities at all, each of which would have a negative effect on the Funds performance. These securities may also be difficult to value and their values may be more volatile because of liquidity risk. Increased Fund redemption activity, which may occur in a rising interest rate environment or for other reasons, may negatively impact Fund performance and increase liquidity risk due to the need of the Fund to sell portfolio securities. Recent changes in regulations such as the Volcker Rule may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased market volatility.
M ORTGAGE -B ACKED S ECURITIES R ISK
Mortgage-backed securities represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated and issued by private lenders. Each Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. The values of some mortgage-backed securities may expose a Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. When interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-related securities generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage related-securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed income securities. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may shorten or extend the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase. If unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective maturity of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of the security can be expected to increase. The value of these securities may fluctuate in response to the markets perception of the creditworthiness of the issuers. Additionally, although mortgages and mortgage-related securities are generally supported by some form of government or private guarantee and/or insurance, there is no assurance that private guarantors or insurers will meet their obligations.
R ISKS OF I NVESTING IN E MERGING M ARKET AND O THER F OREIGN S ECURITIES
Investments in emerging market and other foreign securities involve certain risk considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including: (a) currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; (b) political uncertainty and instability; (c) more substantial government involvement in the economy; (d) higher rates of inflation; (e) less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; (f) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (g) greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller capitalization of securities markets; (h) absence of uniform accounting and auditing standards; (i) generally higher commission expenses; (j) delay in settlement of securities transactions; and (k) greater difficulty in enforcing shareholder rights and remedies. These risks tend to be greater in emerging markets compared to more developed countries.
The European financial markets have continued to experience volatility because of concerns about economic downturns and about high and rising government debt levels of several European countries. These events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the Euro and the European securities markets, and may spread to other countries in Europe, including countries that do not use the Euro. These events may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Funds investments. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.
A SSET -B ACKED S ECURITIES R ISK
Asset-backed securities are bonds or notes backed by loan paper or accounts receivable originated by banks, credit card companies or other providers of credit. Certain asset-backed securities do not have the
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benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral as do mortgage-backed securities; nor are they provided government guarantees of repayment. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. In addition, some issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. The impairment of the value of collateral or other assets underlying an asset-backed security, such as a result of non-payment of loans or non-performance of other collateral or underlying assets, may result in a reduction in the value of such asset-backed securities and losses to a Fund.
Funds that invest in foreign (non-U.S.) securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad. As a result, a Funds investments in non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Funds.
The Floating Rate Income Fund may invest in equity securities such as common and preferred stocks, or may receive equity securities as part of an investment in debt securities. The Unconstrained Bond Fund may invest in equity securities to a limited extent.
Equity securities represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equities.
The value of equity securities purchased by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in decline or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. They may also decline as a result of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, they may decline as a result of general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or generally adverse investor sentiment.
Preferred securities may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. In addition, a companys preferred securities generally pay dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the companys financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies.
Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a companys bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, debt securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
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The Floating Rate Income Fund may invest in mezzanine securities. Mezzanine securities generally are rated below investment grade and frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as senior loans, second lien loans and non-investment grade bonds. However, unlike senior loans and second lien loans, mezzanine securities are not a senior or secondary secured obligation of the related borrower. They typically are the most subordinated debt obligation in an issuers capital structure. Mezzanine securities also may often be unsecured. Mezzanine securities therefore are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the related borrower and the property securing the loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled after giving effect to any senior obligations of the related borrower. Mezzanine securities are also expected to be a highly illiquid investment. Mezzanine securities will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Investment in mezzanine securities is a highly specialized investment practice that depends more heavily on independent credit analysis than investments in other types of debt obligations.
The Adviser may cause a Fund to sell a debt or equity security short (that is, without owning it) and to borrow the same security from a broker or other institution to complete the sale. The Adviser may use short sales when it believes a security is overvalued or as a partial hedge against a position in a related security of the same issuer held by a Fund. The Ultra Short Bond Fund, Low Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Total Return Bond Fund and AlphaTrak 500 Fund will not make total short sales exceeding 25% of the value of the Funds assets. The High Yield Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund will not make total short sales exceeding 33 1/3% of the Funds assets. If the value of the security sold short increases, a Fund would lose money because it will need to replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at a higher price. The potential loss is unlimited. (If the short sale was intended as a hedge against another investment, the loss on the short sale may be fully or partially offset by gains in that other investment.)
A lender may request that the borrowed securities be returned on short notice; if that occurs at a time when other short sellers of the subject security are receiving similar requests, a short squeeze can occur. This means that the Fund might be compelled, at the most disadvantageous time, to replace borrowed securities previously sold short, with purchases on the open market at prices significantly greater than those at which the securities were sold short. Short selling also may produce higher than normal portfolio turnover and result in increased transaction costs to the Fund.
Each Fund also may make short sales against-the-box, in which the Fund sells short securities it owns. The Fund will incur transaction costs, including interest expenses, in connection with opening, maintaining and closing short sales against-the-box, which result in a constructive sale, requiring the Fund to recognize any taxable gain from the transaction.
R ISKS OF E VENT D RIVEN I NVESTING S TRATEGIES
The Funds may employ event driven strategies. Event driven investing involves attempting to predict the outcome of a particular transaction as well as the best time at which to commit capital to such a transaction. The success or failure of this strategy usually depends on whether the Adviser accurately predicts the outcome and timing of the transaction event. Also, major market declines that could cause transactions to be re-priced or fail, may have a negative impact on the strategy.
Each Fund may invest in swap agreements. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than a year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns earned on specific assets, such as the return on, or increase in value of, a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. Risks inherent in the use of swaps of any kind include: (1) swap contracts may not be assigned without the consent of the counterparty; (2) potential default of the counterparty to the swap for those not subject to centralized clearing; (3) absence of a liquid
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secondary market for any particular swap at any time; and (4) possible inability of the Fund to close out the swap transaction at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so.
Certain types of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, such as various types of swaps, are required to be cleared through a central clearing organization that is substituted as the counterparty to each side of the transaction. Each party will be required to maintain its positions through a clearing broker. Although central clearing generally is expected to reduce counterparty risk, it creates additional risks. A clearing broker or organization may not be able to perform its obligations. Cleared derivatives transactions may be more expensive to maintain than OTC transactions, or require a Fund to deposit increased margin. A transaction may be subject to unanticipated close-out by the clearing organization or a clearing broker. A Fund may be required to indemnify a swap execution facility or a broker that executes cleared swaps against losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Funds transactions. A Fund also is subject to the risk that no clearing member is willing to clear a transaction entered into by the Fund.
The U.S. and foreign governments are in the process of adopting and implementing regulations governing derivatives markets, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. The effect of the regulations could be, among other things, to restrict a Funds ability to engage in swap transactions or increase the costs of those transactions.
The value of a Funds investment portfolio will change as the prices of its investments go up or
down. Different parts of the market and different types of securities can react differently to developments. Issuer, political or economic developments can affect a single issuer, issuers within an industry or economic sector or geographic region or market as a whole.
Prices of most securities tend to be more volatile in the short-term. Therefore, if you trade frequently or redeem in the short-term, you are more likely to incur a loss than an investor who holds investments for the longer-term. The fewer the number of issuers in which a Fund invests, the greater the potential volatility of its portfolio.
Portfolio management risk is the risk that an investment strategy may fail to produce the intended results. There can be no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Advisers judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular securities may prove to be incorrect and may not anticipate actual market movements or the impact of economic conditions generally. No matter how well a portfolio manager evaluates market conditions, the securities a portfolio manager chooses may fail to produce the intended result, and you could lose money on your investment in a Fund.
The specific investments held in a Funds investment portfolio may underperform other funds in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the general performance of the asset class because of a portfolio managers choice of securities.
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Portfolio securities may be valued using techniques other than market quotations in circumstances described under Net Asset Value and Fair Value Pricing. This is more likely for certain types of derivatives such as swaps. The value established for a portfolio security may be different than what would be produced through the use of another methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio securities that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including fair valued securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their value from one day to the next than would be the case if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio security for the value established for it at any time and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because a portfolio security is sold at a discount to its established value.
R ISKS OF F REQUENT P URCHASES AND R EDEMPTIONS OF F UND S HARES
Frequent purchases and redemptions of a Funds shares may present certain risks for the Fund and its shareholders. These risks may include, among other things, dilution in the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of the Funds portfolios and increased brokerage and administrative costs. A Fund may have difficulty implementing long-term investment strategies if it is unable to anticipate what portion of its assets it should retain in cash to provide liquidity to its shareholders. Also, excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of a Funds shares may force a Fund to maintain a disadvantageously large cash position to accommodate short duration trading activity. Further, excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of a Funds shares may force the Fund to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate frequent trading activity, and could result in increased brokerage, tax, administrative costs or other expenses. It is anticipated that the Ultra Short Bond Fund and the Low Duration Bond Fund are less likely to be adversely affected under normal circumstances, and the other Funds more significantly affected, by frequent purchases and sales.
Certain of the Funds may invest in non-U.S. securities; accordingly, there is an additional risk of undetected frequent trading in Fund shares by investors who attempt to take unfair advantage of the Funds need to value its portfolio holdings that are traded in markets with closing times different than when the Fund calculates its net asset value, also known as time zone arbitrage. In addition, because certain of the Funds significantly invest in high yield bonds, and because these securities are often infrequently traded, investors may seek to trade Fund shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of these securities (referred to as price arbitrage).
Investors seeking to engage in disruptive trading practices may deploy a variety of strategies to avoid detection and, despite the efforts of the Funds to prevent disruptive trading, there is no guarantee that the Funds or their agents will be able to identify such investors or curtail their trading practices. The ability of the Funds and their agents to detect and curtail excessive trading or short duration trading practices may also be limited by operational systems and technological limitations. In addition, the Funds receive purchase, exchange and redemption orders through financial intermediaries. These financial intermediaries include, but are not limited to entities such as broker-dealers, insurance company separate accounts, and retirement plan administrators. The Funds cannot always know or reasonably detect excessive trading which may be facilitated by these intermediaries or by the use of omnibus account arrangements. Omnibus accounts are common forms of holding Fund shares. Entities utilizing such omnibus account arrangements may not identify customers trading activity in shares of a Fund on an individual basis. Consequently, although the Fund has procedures and agreements in place intended to detect excessive trading, it may not always be able to detect frequent or excessive trading in Fund shares attributable to a particular investor who effects purchase and/or exchange activity in Fund shares through a broker, dealer or other financial intermediary acting in an omnibus capacity. Also, there may exist multiple tiers of these entities, each utilizing an omnibus account arrangement that may further compound the difficulty to the Funds of detecting excessive or short duration trading activity in Fund shares. In seeking to prevent disruptive
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trading practices in the Funds, the Funds consider the information actually available to them at the time. While each of these financial intermediaries may have individual policies concerning frequent or excessive trading, each intermediary has different policies. The Funds are not able to fully assess the effectiveness of its financial intermediaries policies concerning frequent or excessive trading. If investing through intermediaries, investors should inquire at that intermediary what frequent purchase and redemption policies will be applied to their investments.
R ISKS OF B ORROWING AND U SE OF L EVERAGE
Each Fund may borrow money from banks and engage in reverse repurchase transactions for temporary or emergency purposes. The Fund may borrow from broker-dealers and other institutions to leverage a transaction, provided that the borrowing is fully collateralized. Total bank borrowings may not exceed 10% (one-third for the High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund) of the value of
the Funds assets. The Fund also may leverage its portfolio through margin borrowing and other techniques in an effort to increase total return. Although leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and gain, it also creates certain risks. For example, leveraging may magnify changes in the net asset values of the Funds shares and in its portfolio yield. Although margin borrowing will be fully collateralized, the Funds assets may change in value while the borrowing is outstanding. Leveraging creates interest expenses that can exceed the income from the assets retained.
R ISKS OF I NSIDE I NFORMATION
The Funds portfolio managers may seek to avoid exposure to material non-public information about the issuers of floating rate loans being considered for purchased by the Fund. Although that inside information could enhance the portfolio managers ability to evaluate a potential investment, it would also impair the Funds ability to trade that issuers securities in compliance with federal securities laws.
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Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, with principal offices at 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017, acts as the investment adviser to the Funds and generally administers the affairs of the Trust. Subject to the direction and control of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser supervises and arranges the purchase and sale of securities and other assets held in the portfolios of the Funds. The Adviser was founded in 1996, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TCW Asset Management Company, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc. (TCW Group). The Adviser, together with TCW Group and its other subsidiaries, which provide a variety of trust, investment management and investment advisory services, had approximately $178.7 billion under management or committed to management, including $140 billion of U.S. fixed income investments, as of June 30, 2015
The portfolio managers who have primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolios are listed below, together with their biographical information for the past five years. The portfolio managers select and make investments for the Funds as a team, using a consensus approach. The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers ownership of securities in the Funds.
Tad Rivelle Chief Investment Officer and Group Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since August 1996. Mr. Rivelle manages the Low Duration Bond Fund, the Intermediate Bond Fund, the Total Return Bond Fund, the Ultra Short Bond Fund, the Strategic Income Fund, the AlphaTrak 500 Fund and the Unconstrained Bond Fund.
Stephen M. Kane, CFA Group Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since August 1996. Mr. Kane manages the Ultra Short Bond Fund, the Low Duration Bond Fund, the Intermediate Bond Fund, the Total Return Bond
Fund, the High Yield Bond Fund, the Strategic Income Fund, the AlphaTrak 500 Fund, the Unconstrained Bond Fund and the Floating Rate Income Fund.
Laird R. Landmann Group Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since August 1996. Mr. Landmann manages the Low Duration Bond Fund, the Intermediate Bond Fund, the Total Return Bond Fund, the High Yield Bond Fund, the Ultra Short Bond Fund, the Strategic Income Fund, the Unconstrained Bond Fund and the Floating Rate Income Fund.
Mitch Flack Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since March 2001. Mr. Flack manages the Ultra Short Bond Fund.
Jamie Farnham Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since November 2002. From July 1998 to July 2000, Mr. Farnham was an Investment Associate at Primus Venture Partners. Mr. Farnham manages the High Yield Bond Fund and the Floating Rate Income Fund.
Gino Nucci, CFA , Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since January 2004. From June 2003 to September 2003, Mr. Nucci was an Associate at Pacific Life Insurance Company. From April 1999 to March 2000, Mr. Nucci was an Investment Banking Associate at Volpe Brown Whelan & Co. Mr. Nucci manages the High Yield Bond Fund.
Jerry Cudzil , Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since May 2012. From June 2004, until May 2010, Mr. Cudzil was a portfolio manager for Dimaio Ahman Capital. From May 2010 until May 2011, Mr. Cudzil was a high yield bond trader with Morgan Stanley & Co., and from September 2011 until May 2012, he was a high yield bond trader with Deutsche Bank. Mr. Cudzil manages the Floating Rate Income Fund.
Bryan T. Whalen, CFA , Group Managing Director of the Adviser, has been with the Adviser since 2004. Mr. Whalen manages the Ultra Short Bond Fund, Low Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Total Return Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund, and the Unconstrained Bond Fund.
67
M ANAGEMENT F EES AND O THER E XPENSES
Management Fees. Each Fund pays the Adviser a monthly fee for providing investment advisory services. The following fees were the amounts paid to the Adviser for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015: 0.25% for the Ultra Short Bond Fund; 0.30% for the Low Duration Bond Fund; 0.35% for the Intermediate Bond Fund; 0.35% for the Total Return Bond Fund; 0.50% for the High Yield Bond Fund; 1.89% for the Strategic Income Fund; 0.14% for the AlphaTrak 500 Fund; 0.65% for the Unconstrained Bond Fund and 0.55% for the Floating Rate Income Fund. The fees paid to the Adviser were reduced for some Funds by expense limitations as shown in the prospectus summary. A discussion of the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of the management agreement is available in the Funds Semi-Annual Report for the period ended September 30, 2014.
Under the Investment Management Agreement relating to all share classes of the Strategic Income Fund, the Trust pays the Adviser a basic management fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate of 1.20% of the Funds average daily net assets. The basic fee may be adjusted upward or downward (by a performance component of up to 0.70% of the Funds average daily net assets for the relevant 12-month performance period), depending on whether and to what extent the investment performance of the Fund, for that performance period, exceeds or is exceeded by the investment record of the BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index plus a margin. The margin over that Index is 0.10% when the investment performance of the Fund is calculated assuming the maximum possible management fee of an annual rate of 1.90%. Alternatively, the margin also can be described as 2.00% if the investment performance of the Fund is calculated after operating expenses but before any management fee.
The Fund uses a rolling 12-month performance period. The performance adjustment, which is applied to the Funds average daily net assets for the performance period, equals 35% of the difference between the Funds investment performance and the investment record of the BofA Merrill Lynch 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index plus a margin of 0.10% when the Funds performance is calculated assuming the maximum possible management fee of an annual rate of 1.90% rather than the actual fee
accrued. The margin can also be described alternatively as explained above. Thus, an annual performance difference of 2.00% or more between the Fund and the Index plus the margin would result in an annual maximum performance adjustment of 0.70%. This formula requires that the Funds performance exceed the investment record of the Index plus the margin before any performance adjustment is earned. If the Funds performance is below the performance of the Index plus the margin, a negative performance adjustment would apply, and would reduce the Advisers fee.
Here are examples of how the adjustment would work (using annual rates for the Strategic Income Fund):
Fund
|
Index
Plus 0.10% Margin |
Basic
Fee |
Performance
Adjustment |
Total Fee
Rate |
||||||||||||||
7.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.70 | % | 1.90 | % | |||||||||
6.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.67 | % | 1.87 | % | |||||||||
5.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.32 | % | 1.52 | % | |||||||||
4.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.04 | % | 1.16 | % | |||||||||
3.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.39 | % | 0.81 | % | |||||||||
2.00 | % | 4.10 | % | 1.20 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.50 | % |
The Funds investment performance is calculated based on its net asset value per share after expenses but assuming the maximum possible management fee. For purposes of calculating the Funds investment performance, any dividends or capital gains distributions paid by the Fund are treated as if those distributions were reinvested in Fund shares. The investment record for the Index is based on the change in value of the Index and earnings from underlying securities.
Because the adjustment to the basic fee is based on the comparative performance of the Fund and the record of the Index, the controlling factor (regarding the performance adjustment) is not whether the Funds performance is up or down, but whether it is up or down more or less than the investment record of the Index plus the margin. Moreover, the comparative investment performance of the Fund is based solely on the relevant performance period without regard to the cumulative performance over a longer or shorter period.
Under the Investment Management Agreement relating to the AlphaTrak 500 Fund, the Trust pays the Adviser a basic management fee, computed daily
68
and payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.35% of the Funds average daily net assets. The basic fee may be adjusted upward or downward (by a performance component of up to 0.35% of the Funds average daily net assets for the relevant 3-month performance period), depending on whether and to what extent the investment performance of the Fund, for that performance period, exceeds or is exceeded by the investment record of the S&P 500 Stock Price Index plus a margin.
The margin over that Index is 0.30% when the investment performance of the Fund is calculated assuming the maximum possible management fee of an annual rate of 0.70%. Alternatively, the margin also can be described as 1.00% if the investment performance of the Fund is calculated after operating expenses but before any management fee.
The Fund uses a rolling 3-month performance period. The performance adjustment, which is applied to the Funds average daily net assets for the performance period, equals 35% of the difference between the Funds investment performance and the investment record of the S&P 500 Stock Price Index plus a margin of 0.30% when the Funds performance is calculated assuming the maximum possible management fee of an annual rate of 0.70% rather than the actual fee accrued. The margin can also be described alternatively as explained above. Thus, an annual performance difference of 1.00% or more between the Fund and the Index plus the margin would result in an annual maximum performance adjustment of 0.35%. This formula requires that the Funds performance exceed the investment record of the Index plus the margin before any performance adjustment is earned. If the Funds performance is below the performance of the Index plus the margin, a negative performance adjustment would apply, and would reduce the Advisers fee.
Here are examples of how the adjustment would work (using annual rates for the AlphaTrak 500 Fund):
Fund
|
Index
Plus 0.30% Margin |
Basic
Fee |
Performance
Adjustment |
Total Fee
Rate |
||||||||||||||
7.00 | % | 5.30 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.70 | % | |||||||||
6.00 | % | 5.30 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.60 | % | |||||||||
5.00 | % | 5.30 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.24 | % | |||||||||
4.00 | % | 5.30 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.00 | % | |||||||||
3.00 | % | 5.30 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.00 | % |
The Funds investment performance is calculated based on its net asset value per share after expenses but assuming the maximum possible management fee. For purposes of calculating the Funds investment performance, any dividends or capital gains distributions paid by the Fund are treated as if those distributions were reinvested in Fund shares. The investment record for the Index is based on the change in value of the Index and earnings from underlying securities.
Because the adjustment to the basic fee is based on the comparative performance of the Fund and the record of the Index, the controlling factor (regarding the performance adjustment) is not whether the Funds performance is up or down, but whether it is up or down more or less than the investment record of the Index plus the margin. Moreover, the comparative investment performance of the Fund is based solely on the relevant performance period without regard to the cumulative performance over a longer or shorter period.
The management fee and any performance adjustment for the Strategic Income Fund and the AlphaTrak 500 Fund are accrued daily and the entire management fee normally is paid monthly. Shareholders should note that it is possible for high past performance to result in a daily management fee accrual or monthly management fee payment by the Fund that is higher than lower current performance would otherwise produce.
The Investment Management Agreement permits the Adviser to recoup fees it did not charge and Fund expenses it paid, provided that those amounts are recouped within three years of being reduced or paid. The Adviser may not request or receive reimbursement for prior reductions or reimbursements before the payment of a Funds operating expenses for the current year and may not recoup amounts that would make a Funds total expenses exceed the applicable limit in effect during the recoupment period.
Operating Expenses Agreement. Pursuant to an operating expenses agreement between the Adviser and the Trust, on behalf of the Funds (the Operating Expenses Agreement ), the Adviser has agreed to waive its investment management fee and/or reimburse the operating expenses of each Fund to the extent such Funds operating expenses (excluding taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, dividends on
69
securities sold short, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses) exceed, in the aggregate, the rate per annum, as set forth below.
Fund |
Expense Cap
(As Percent of Average Net Asset Value) |
|||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.50 | % | ||
Class I |
0.34 | % | ||
Low Duration Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.63 | % | ||
Class I |
0.44 | % | ||
Admin Class |
0.83 | % | ||
Intermediate Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.70 | % | ||
Class I |
0.49 | % | ||
Total Return Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.70 | % | ||
Class I |
0.49 | % | ||
Admin Class |
0.90 | % | ||
Plan Class |
0.39 | % | ||
High Yield Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.85 | % | ||
Class I |
0.60 | % | ||
Strategic Income Fund |
||||
Class M |
2.35 | % | ||
Class I |
2.10 | % | ||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.90 | % | ||
Unconstrained Bond Fund |
||||
Class M |
1.04 | % | ||
Class I |
0.80 | % | ||
Floating Rate Income Fund |
||||
Class M |
0.90 | % | ||
Class I |
0.70 | % |
Includes Rule 12b-1 fees paid by Class M and Administrative shares of the Funds. There are no Rule 12b-1 fees assessable for Class I or Plan Class shares of the Funds.
Rule 12b-1 Fee. The Funds Class M and Administrative Class shares have a Share Marketing Plan or Rule 12b-1 Plan under which they may finance activities primarily intended to sell shares, provided the categories of expenses are approved in advance by the Board and the expenses paid under the plan were incurred within the last 12 months and
accrued while the plan is in effect. Expenditures by a Fund under the plan may not exceed 0.25% of its average net assets annually (all of which may be for service fees). Because these fees are paid out of a Funds assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. Currently, the Board of Trustees of the Funds is limiting these fees for certain Funds as follows: Intermediate Bond Fund (0.21%), Total Return Bond Fund (0.21%), Low Duration Bond Fund (0.19%), and the Ultra Short Bond Fund (0.16%). The Adviser has contractually agreed, through July 31, 2016, to pay the distribution expenses of the AlphaTrak 500 Fund out of its own resources.
Shareholder Servicing Plan. The Funds Board of Trustees has adopted a Shareholder Servicing Plan that allows a Fund to pay to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries a fee for shareholder services provided to Fund shareholders who invest in the Administrative Class shares of the Fund through the intermediary. The fee is payable under the Plan at an annual rate not to exceed 0.25% of the particular Funds average daily net assets attributable to the Administrative Share class but the Adviser has undertaken to limit these expenses for the current fiscal year to 0.20% of the Funds average daily net assets invested through the intermediary. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets by holders of the Administrative Class shares, over time these fees will increase the cost of those shareholders investment.
Other Shareholder Servicing Expenses Paid By the Funds. Each Fund is authorized to compensate each broker-dealer and other third-party intermediary up to 0.10 percent (10 basis points) of the assets serviced for that Fund by that intermediary for shareholder services to each Fund and its shareholders. These services constitute sub-recordkeeping, sub-transfer agent or similar services and are similar in scope to services provided by the transfer agent to a Fund. These expenses paid by a Fund would remain subject to any overall expense limitation applicable to that Fund. These expenses are in addition to any payment of any amounts through the Rule 12b-1 Plan. This amount may be adjusted, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees.
70
Compensation of Other Parties. The Adviser may, at its own expense and out of its own legitimate profits or other resources, pay additional compensation to third parties such as (but not limited to) broker-dealers, investment advisers, retirement plan administrators, or other financial intermediaries that have entered into a distribution, service or other types of arrangement with the Adviser, the distributor or the Funds (Authorized Firms). These are payments over and above other types of shareholder servicing and distribution payments described elsewhere in this Prospectus.
Payments may relate to selling and/or servicing activities, such as: access to an intermediarys customers or network; recordkeeping services; aggregating, netting and transmission of orders; generation of sales and other informational materials; individual or broad-based marketing and sales activities; wholesale activity; conferences; retention of assets; new sales of Fund shares, and a wide range of other activities. Compensation amounts generally vary, and can include various initial and on-going payments. Additional compensation may also be paid to broker-dealers who offer certain Funds as part of a special preferred-list or other preferred treatment program.
The Adviser does not direct the Funds portfolio securities transactions, or otherwise compensate broker-dealers in connection with any Funds portfolio transactions, in consideration of sales of Fund shares.
The Adviser also may pay financial consultants for products and/or services such as: (i) performance analytical software, (ii) attendance at, or sponsorship of, professional conferences, (iii) product evaluations and other types of investment consulting and (iv) asset/liability studies and other types of retirement plan consulting. The Adviser may also provide non-cash compensation to financial consultants, including occasional gifts, meals, or other entertainment. These activities may create, or could be viewed as creating, an incentive for such
consultants or their employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the Funds to their client investors.
Authorized Firms and consultants that receive these various types of payments may have a conflict of interest in recommending or selling the Funds rather than other mutual funds to their client investors, particularly if these payments exceed the amounts paid by other mutual funds.
The Adviser also manages individual investment advisory accounts. The Adviser reduces the fees charged to individual advisory accounts by the amount of the investment advisory fee charged to that portion of the clients assets invested in any Fund.
T HE T RANSFER A GENT AND A DMINISTRATOR
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing serves as transfer agent and administrator to the Trust and also provides accounting services pursuant to servicing agreements. The business address of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing is 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-1212. The Adviser is reimbursed a portion of its costs in providing supplemental administrative services to the Funds under an agreement and in an amount approved by the Board of Trustees.
Foreside Funds Distributors LLC, 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Berwyn, PA 19312, serves as principal underwriter to the Trust pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement for the limited purpose of acting as statutory underwriter to facilitate the registration of shares of each Fund.
D ISCLOSURE OF P ORTFOLIO H OLDINGS
A description of the Funds policies regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings can be found in the Statement of Additional Information.
71
The following table provides the Funds minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements for each share class. The minimums may be reduced or waived in some cases. The Plan Class shares are intended for retirement plans, including defined benefit and defined contribution plans (which may include participant directed plans).
Share Class
and Type of Account |
Minimum
Initial
|
Minimum Subsequent Investment |
||||||
Class M |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 5,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts |
$ | 1,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Automatic Investment Plan |
$ | 5,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
Class I |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 3,000,000 | $ | 50,000 | ||||
Administrative Class |
||||||||
Regular Accounts |
$ | 2,500 | $ | 0 | ||||
Individual Retirement Accounts |
$ | 1,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Plan Class |
||||||||
Regular Accounts (Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans) |
$ | 25,000,000 | $ | 50,000 |
The price at which the Funds shares are bought or sold is called the net asset value per share, or NAV. The NAV is computed once daily as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, on each day that the NYSE is open for trading. In addition to Saturday and Sunday, the NYSE is closed on the days that the following holidays are observed: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day. Shares cannot be purchased by wire transactions on days when banks are closed. The Funds may close early on business days that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends that the bond markets close early.
The price for each share you buy will be the NAV calculated after your request is received in good order by the Fund. In good order means that payment for your purchase and all the information needed to complete your order must be received by the Fund before your order is processed. If your order is received before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on a day the Funds NAVs are calculated, the price you pay will be that days NAV. If your order is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, the price you pay will be the next NAV calculated.
The Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to reject any order and to waive the minimum investment requirements for investments through certain fund networks or other financial intermediaries and for employees and affiliates of the Adviser or the Trust. In such cases, the minimums associated with the policies and programs of the fund network or other financial intermediary will apply. (In certain cases, the fund network or other financial intermediary also may waive its minimum investment requirements; the Adviser occasionally may be involved in the fund network or other financial intermediarys decision to waive its minimum investment requirements, but does not control that decision.) This means that investors through various financial intermediaries may face different (or even substantially reduced) investment minimums than those affecting your investment. The Funds reserve the right to redeem accounts inadvertently opened with less than the minimum initial investment. The Funds at their sole discretion may impose an annual $25 account servicing fee for below minimum accounts; certain below minimum accounts may not be charged that servicing fee.
You may invest in any Fund by wiring the amount to be invested to Metropolitan West Funds.
Bank Name: Bank of New York Mellon
ABA No. 011001234
Credit: A/C 000073-4454
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
(US) Inc. as Agent for Metropolitan
West Funds
Further Credit: Shareholder Name
Shareholder Fund/Account
Number
72
Your bank may impose a fee for investments by wire. The Fund or the Transfer Agent will not be responsible for the consequences of delays, including delays in the banking or Federal Reserve wire systems. Wires received after the close of the NYSE will be considered received by the next business day.
To ensure proper credit, before wiring any funds you must call (800) 241-4671 to notify us of the wire and to get an account number assigned if the wire is an initial investment. Also, if the wire represents an initial investment, you must mail an application form, by regular mail, to the Transfer Agent. When sending applications, checks, or other communications to the Transfer Agent via regular mail, send to:
Metropolitan West Funds
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
P.O. Box 9793
Providence, RI 02940
If you are sending applications, checks or other communications to the Transfer Agent via overnight mail services, send to:
Metropolitan West Funds
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
4400 Computer Drive
Westborough, MA 01581-1722
Make your check payable to Metropolitan West Funds (Fund name). The Funds cannot accept third party checks, starter checks, credit cards, credit card checks, cash or cash equivalents (i.e., cashiers check, bank draft, money order or travelers check).
Checks should be drawn on a U.S. bank and must be payable in U.S. dollars. Shares of a Fund will be purchased by the Transfer Agent or an authorized sub-agent for your account at the net asset value next determined after receipt of your wire or check. If a check is not honored by your bank, you will be liable for any loss sustained by the Fund, as well as a $20 service charge imposed by the Transfer Agent. Forms for additional contributions by check or change of address are provided on account statements.
The Trust may accept orders from selected brokers, dealers and other qualified institutions, with payment made to the Fund at a later time. The Adviser is responsible for insuring that such payment is made on a timely basis. You may be charged a fee if you buy or sell Fund shares through a broker or agent.
The Trust does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery service to be its agent. Therefore, deposit in the mail or other service does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent.
The Trust may stop offering shares completely or may offer shares only on a limited basis, for a period of time or permanently.
The Trust generally does not permit non-US residents to purchase shares of the Funds. The Trust may, at its sole discretion, make exceptions to this policy on a case-by-case basis.
In certain situations, Fund shares may be purchased by tendering payment in kind in the form of securities. Any securities used to buy Fund shares must be readily marketable, their acquisition consistent with the Funds objective and otherwise acceptable to the Adviser. Prior to making such a purchase, you should call the Adviser to determine if the securities you wish to use to make a purchase are appropriate. The Funds reserve the right to reject the offer of any payment in kind.
B Y A UTOMATIC I NVESTMENT P LAN
Once an account has been opened, you can make additional purchases of shares of the Funds through an Automatic Investment Plan. The Automatic Investment Plan is only available for Class M shares. The Automatic Investment Plan provides a convenient method to have monies deducted directly from your bank account for investment into the Funds. You can make automatic monthly, quarterly or annual purchases of $100 or more into the Fund or Funds designated on the enclosed Account Application. The Funds may alter, modify or terminate the Automatic Investment Plan at any time. To begin participating in the Automatic Investment Plan, please complete the automatic investment plan section found on the Account Application or contact the Funds at (800) 241-4671.
P URCHASES T HROUGH A N I NVESTMENT B ROKER OR D EALER
You may buy and sell shares of the Funds through certain brokers (and their agents) that have made arrangements with the Funds to sell their shares.
73
When you place your order with such a broker or its authorized agent, your order is treated as if you had placed it directly with the Funds Transfer Agent, and you will pay or receive the next price calculated by the Funds. The broker (or agent) holds your shares in an omnibus account in the brokers (or agents) name, and the broker (or agent) maintains your individual ownership records. The Funds may pay the broker or its agent for maintaining these records as well as providing other shareholder services. The broker (or its agent) may charge you a fee for handling your order. The broker (or agent) is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised regarding the status of your individual account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Funds prospectus.
Current and prospective investors purchasing shares of a Fund through a broker-dealer should be aware that a transaction charge may be imposed by broker-dealers that make the Funds shares available, and there will not be such a transaction charge if shares of the Fund are purchased directly from the Fund.
I DENTITY V ERIFICATION P ROCEDURES N OTICE
The USA PATRIOT Act and federal regulations require financial institutions, including mutual funds, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of all investors opening new accounts. When completing the New Account Application, you will be required to supply the Funds with certain information for all persons owning or permitted to act on an account. This information includes date of birth, taxpayer identification number and street address. Until such verification is made, the Funds may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Funds may limit additional share purchases or close an account if they
are unable to verify a customers identity. As required by law, the Funds may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.
N ET A SSET V ALUE AND F AIR V ALUE P RICING
The NAV per share is the value of the Funds assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding. The value of a Funds portfolio securities is determined on the basis of the market value of such securities or, if market quotations are not readily available, at fair value under guidelines established by the Trustees. Short-term investments maturing in less than 60 days are valued at amortized cost which the Board has determined to equal fair value. Securities and other assets for which reliable market quotations are not readily available will be valued at their fair value as determined by the Adviser under the guidelines established by, and under the general supervision and responsibility of, the Funds Board of Trustees. The Adviser may determine the fair value for securities that are thinly traded, illiquid, or where the Adviser believes that the prices provided by a pricing service are not accurate or are not available. Fair value pricing is intended to be used as necessary in order to accurately value the Funds portfolio securities and their respective net asset values. The Statement of Additional Information further describes the most common techniques used by the Funds to fair value their securities.
The daily NAV may not reflect the closing market price for all futures contracts held by the Funds because the markets for certain futures will close shortly after the time net asset value is calculated. See Net Asset Value in the Statement of Additional Information for further information.
74
You may redeem shares at any time by delivering instructions by regular mail to the Transfer Agent or selected brokers, dealers and other qualified institutions. If you would like to send a request to redeem shares to the Transfer Agent via regular mail, send to:
Metropolitan West Funds
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
P.O. Box 9793
Providence, RI 02940
If you are sending a request via overnight mail services , send to:
Metropolitan West Funds
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
4400 Computer Drive
Westborough, MA 01581-1722
The redemption request should identify the Fund and the account number, specify the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed and be signed by all registered owners exactly as the account is registered. Your request will not be accepted unless it contains all required documents. The shares will be redeemed at NAV next determined after receipt of the request by the Transfer Agent or other agent of the Funds. A redemption of shares is a sale of shares and you may realize a taxable gain or loss.
If the proceeds of any redemption (a) exceed $50,000, (b) are paid to a person other than the owner of record, or (c) are sent to an address or bank account other than shown on the Transfer Agents records, the signature(s) on the redemption request must be a medallion signature guarantee. A medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association, or other financial institution which is participating in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three recognized medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program (NYSE MSP).
Additional documentation may be required for the redemption of shares held in corporate, partnership or fiduciary accounts. If you have any questions, please contact the Funds in advance by calling (800) 241-4671.
Redemptions will be processed only on a day during which the NYSE is open for business. If you purchase shares by check or money order and later decide to sell them, your proceeds from that redemption will be withheld until the Funds are sure that your check has cleared. This could take up to 15 calendar days after your purchase order.
You are permitted to exchange your shares in a Fund for shares of another Fund in the Trust, provided that the share class is the same in the two Funds involved in the exchange, the shares may legally be sold in the state of your residence and the Fund is open to new investors. You must also select the appropriate box on the Account Application. The shares you are exchanging must have a current value of at least the minimum investment requirement for that class ($5,000 for regular accounts and $1,000 for Individual Retirement Accounts of Class M, $2,500 for regular accounts and $1,000 for Individual Retirement Accounts of the Administrative Class and $3,000,000 for Class I). Plan Class shares are currently only offered for the Total Return Bond Fund. An exchange of shares is treated for Federal income tax purposes as a redemption or sale of shares and any gain or loss may be subject to income tax. Shares exchanged for shares of another Fund will be priced at their respective net asset values.
The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-term trading. Excessive exchange activity may interfere with portfolio management and have an adverse effect on all shareholders. Administrators, trustees or sponsors of retirement plans may also impose redemption fees on such exchanges.
The Funds also reserve the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or reject any exchange. The Fund into which you would like to exchange may also reject your exchange. These actions may apply to all shareholders or only to those shareholders
75
whose exchanges the Adviser determines are likely to have a negative effect on the Funds.
If you own or are purchasing shares of the Funds having a current value of at least $10,000 for Class M and Administrative Class and $100,000 for Class I, you may participate in a Systematic Withdrawal Plan. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan provides for automatic redemptions of at least $100 on a monthly for Class M and Administrative Class, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis via Automatic Clearing House (ACH). This electronic transfer could take three to five business days to settle. You may establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan by completing the appropriate section on the Account Application or by calling the Funds at (800) 241-4671. Notice of all changes concerning the Systematic Withdrawal Plan must be received by the Transfer Agent at least two weeks prior to the next scheduled payment. Further information regarding this Plan and its requirements can be obtained by contacting the Funds at (800) 241-4671. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan is not available for the Plan Class shares.
You may redeem shares by telephone and have the proceeds wired to the bank account as stated on the Transfer Agents records. You may also exchange shares by telephone. In order to redeem or exchange shares by telephone, you must select the appropriate box on the Account Application. In order to arrange for telephone redemptions or exchanges or change payment instructions after an account has been opened or to change the bank account or address designated to receive redemption proceeds, a written request must be sent to the Trust. The request must be signed by each shareholder of the account with the signature guarantees as described above. Once this feature has been requested, shares may be redeemed or exchanged by calling the Transfer Agent at (800) 241-4671 and giving the account name, account number, and amount of the redemption or exchange. Joint accounts require only one shareholder to call. If redemption proceeds are to be mailed or wired to the shareholders bank account, the bank involved must be a commercial bank located within the United States.
If you redeem your shares by telephone and request wire payment, payment of the redemption proceeds will normally be made in Federal funds on the next business day. The redemption order must be received by the Transfer Agent before the relevant Funds net asset value is calculated for the day. There may be a charge of up to $10 for all wire redemptions. IF YOU EFFECT TRANSACTIONS VIA WIRE TRANSFER YOU MAY BE REQUIRED TO PAY FEES, INCLUDING THE WIRE FEE AND OTHER FEES THAT WILL BE DEDUCTED DIRECTLY FROM REDEMPTION PROCEEDS.
The Funds reserve the right to reject any telephone redemption or exchange request and the redemption or exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time on 30-days notice to shareholders. In an effort to prevent unauthorized or fraudulent redemption or exchange requests by telephone, the Trust and the Transfer Agent employ reasonable procedures specified by the Funds to confirm that such instructions are genuine. Among the procedures used to determine authenticity, if you are electing to redeem or exchange by telephone you will be required to provide your account number or other identifying information. All such telephone transactions will be digitally recorded and you will receive a confirmation in writing. The Trust may implement other procedures from time to time. If reasonable procedures are not implemented, the Trust and/or the Transfer Agent may be liable for any loss due to unauthorized or fraudulent transactions. In all other cases, the shareholder is liable for any loss for unauthorized transactions. In periods of severe market or economic conditions, the telephone redemption or exchange of shares may be difficult to implement and you should redeem shares by writing to the Transfer Agent at the address listed above. If for any other reason you are unable to redeem or exchange by telephone, you should redeem or exchange shares by writing to the Transfer Agent at the address listed above.
After the Transfer Agent has received the redemption request and all proper documents, payment for shares tendered will generally be made within three business days. Payment may be delayed or made partly in-kind with marketable securities under unusual circumstances, as specified in the 1940 Act.
76
R EDEMPTIONS OF A CCOUNTS B ELOW M INIMUM A MOUNT
The Funds may redeem all of your shares at net asset value (calculated on the preceding business day) if the balance of your account falls below a certain minimum amount as a result of a transfer or redemption (and not market fluctuations). The minimum amount is $500 for Class M shares, $3 million for Class I shares, $500 for Administrative Class shares and $25,000 for Plan Class shares. The Funds will notify you in writing and you will have 60 days to increase your account balance before your shares are redeemed.
C ONVERSION OF S HARES B ETWEEN C LASSES
You are permitted to convert shares between Class M, Class I and Plan Class Shares, provided that your investment meets the minimum initial investment and any other requirements in the other class, and that the shares of the other class are eligible for sale in your state of residence. Further information about conversion of shares between classes may be found in the Statement of Additional Information.
The Funds are not intended to serve as vehicles for frequent trading activity because such trading may disrupt management of the Funds. In addition, such trading activity can increase expenses as a result of increased trading and transaction costs, forced and unplanned portfolio turnover, lost opportunity costs, and large asset swings that decrease the Funds ability to provide maximum investment returns to all shareholders. In addition, certain trading activity that attempts to take advantage of inefficiencies in the valuation of the Funds securities holdings may dilute the interests of the remaining shareholders. This in turn can have an adverse effect on the Funds performance.
The Trust reserves the right to refuse any purchase or exchange request that could adversely affect a Fund or its operations, including those from any individual or group who, in the Trusts view, is likely to engage in excessive material trading. If a purchase or exchange order into shares of a Fund is rejected, the potential investor will not benefit from any subsequent increase in the net asset value of that Fund. Future purchases into a Fund may be barred if
a shareholder effects more than two round trips in shares of that Fund (meaning exchanges or redemptions following a purchase) in excess of certain de minimis limits within a 30 day period. Shareholders effecting a round trip transaction in shares of a Fund in excess of the relevant de minimis threshold more than once within the above-referenced 30-day period may receive a communication from the Fund warning that the shareholder is in danger of violating the Trusts frequent trading policy. Exceptions to these trading limits may be made only upon approval of the Funds Chief Compliance Officer or Fund Operations Officer, and such exceptions are reported to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis. This policy may be revised from time to time by the officers of the Trust in consultation with the Board of Trustees without prior notice.
These restrictions do not apply to certain asset allocation programs (including mutual funds that invest in other mutual funds for asset allocation purposes, and not for short-term trading), to omnibus accounts (except to the extent noted in the next paragraph) maintained by brokers and other financial intermediaries (including 401(k) or other group retirement accounts, although restrictions on Fund share transactions comparable to those set forth in the previous paragraph have been applied to the Advisers retirement savings program), and to involuntary transactions and automatic investment programs, such as dividend reinvestment, or transactions pursuant to the Funds systematic investment or withdrawal program.
In an attempt to detect and deter excessive trading in omnibus accounts, the Trust or its agents may require intermediaries to impose restrictions on the trading activity of accounts traded through those intermediaries. The Funds ability to impose restrictions with respect to accounts traded through particular intermediaries may vary depending on the systems capabilities, applicable contractual and legal restrictions, and cooperation of those intermediaries. The Trust, however, cannot always identify or reasonably detect excessive trading that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify through the use of omnibus accounts by those intermediaries that transmit purchase, exchange and redemption orders to the Funds, and thus the Funds may have difficulty curtailing such activity.
77
In addition, the Trust reserves the right to:
|
change or discontinue its exchange privilege, or temporarily suspend this privilege during unusual market conditions, to the extent permitted under applicable SEC rules; |
|
delay sending out redemption proceeds for up to seven days (generally only applies in cases of large redemptions, excessive trading or during unusual market conditions). |
Each Funds fiscal year ends on March 31. Each Fund will issue to its shareholders semi-annual and annual reports. In addition, you will receive monthly statements of the status of your account reflecting all transactions having taken place within that month. In order to reduce the Funds expenses, the Trust will
try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the annual or semi-annual report and prospectus per household. Information regarding the tax status of income dividends and capital gains distributions will be mailed to shareholders by the deadline established by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Account tax information will also be sent to the IRS.
The Funds may be required to withhold Federal income tax from proceeds of redemptions if you are subject to backup withholding. Failure to provide a certified tax identification number at the time an account is opened will cause tax to be withheld. The Funds also may be required to report redemptions to the IRS.
78
The Funds (except the AlphaTrak 500 Fund) expect to declare dividends daily and pay them monthly to shareholders. The AlphaTrak 500 Fund expects to declare and pay dividends to shareholders quarterly. Dividends normally begin to accrue on the next business day after payment for shares.
Distributions from net realized short-term gains, if any, and distributions from any net capital gains realized through October 31st of each year and not previously paid out will be paid out after that date. Each Fund may also pay supplemental distributions after the end of the Funds fiscal year. Dividends and distributions are paid in full and fractional shares of each Fund based on the net asset value per share at the close of business on the ex-dividend date, unless you request, in writing to the Trust, payment in cash. Distributions are treated the same for tax purposes whether received in cash or reinvested. The Trust will notify you after the close of its fiscal year of both the dollar amount and the tax status of that years distributions.
All dividends from net investment income (other than qualified dividend income) together with distributions of short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income even though paid to you in additional shares. Any net capital gains (capital gains distributions) distributed are taxable as the relevant type of capital gains regardless of the length of time you have owned your shares. Distributions of investment income designated as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the
hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long term capital gain, provided certain requirements are met. Dividends, interest and gains received by a Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate these foreign taxes.
Distributions will be taxable in the year in which they are received, except for certain distributions received in January, which will be taxable as if received the prior December. You will be informed annually of the amount and nature of the Funds distributions, including the portions, if any, that qualify for the dividends-received deduction. These distributions may be capital gain distributions and/or a return of capital.
Additional information about taxes is set forth in the Statement of Additional Information. The foregoing discussion has been prepared by the management of the Funds, and is not intended to be a complete description of all tax implications of an investment in a Fund. You should consult your own advisors concerning the application of Federal, state and local tax laws to your particular situations.
As required by U.S. Treasury Regulations governing tax practice, you are hereby advised that any written tax advice contained herein was not written or intended to be used (and cannot be used) by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed under the Internal Revenue Code.
79
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Funds financial performance for the past five years of the Funds operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, whose Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, along with the financial statements and financial highlights of each Fund, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
Financial Highlights
ULTRA SHORT
BOND FUND CLASS M |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 4.30 | $ | 4.31 | $ | 4.20 | $ | 4.24 | $ | 4.04 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.01) | (0.01) | 0.12 | (0.04) | 0.21 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.32 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.03) | (0.04) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.12) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.03) | (0.04) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.12) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 4.29 | $ | 4.30 | $ | 4.31 | $ | 4.20 | $ | 4.24 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 0.42% | 0.74% | 4.26% | 1.00% | 8.01% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 69,868 | $ | 97,090 | $ | 56,977 | $ | 37,261 | $ | 42,174 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.65% | 0.60% | 0.64% | 0.68% | 0.65% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.51% | 0.50% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.63% | 0.92% | 1.50% | 1.90% | 2.57% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 16% | 31% | 43% | 29% | 42% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
80
ULTRA SHORT
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 4.31 | $ | 4.32 | $ | 4.21 | $ | 4.25 | $ | 4.04 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.00) | 2 | (0.01) | 0.11 | (0.04) | 0.22 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.34 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.04) | (0.05) | (0.07) | (0.09) | (0.13) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.04) | (0.05) | (0.07) | (0.09) | (0.13) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 4.30 | $ | 4.31 | $ | 4.32 | $ | 4.21 | $ | 4.25 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 0.59% | 0.90% | 4.42% | 1.17% | 8.43% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 80,530 | $ | 100,622 | $ | 67,947 | $ | 75,106 | $ | 71,173 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.46% | 0.43% | 0.48% | 0.52% | 0.49% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.34% | 0.34% | 0.34% | 0.35% | 0.34% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.79% | 1.09% | 1.70% | 2.03% | 2.83% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 16% | 31% | 43% | 29% | 42% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Amount is greater than $(0.005) per share. |
81
LOW DURATION
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31,
|
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.83 | $ | 8.60 | $ | 8.65 | $ | 8.21 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.00) | 2 | (0.01) | 0.23 | (0.05) | 0.44 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.70 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.11) | (0.15) | (0.25) | (0.26) | (0.26) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.11) | (0.15) | (0.25) | (0.26) | (0.26) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.83 | $ | 8.60 | $ | 8.65 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 1.24% | 1.45% | 5.64% | 2.53% | 8.63% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 1,749,130 | $ | 1,918,474 | $ | 1,140,625 | $ | 1,214,668 | $ | 1,356,201 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.62% | 0.57% | 0.57% | 0.59% | 0.58% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.61% | 0.57% | 0.57% | 0.59% | 0.58% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.21% | 1.60% | 2.83% | 3.06% | 3.01% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30% | 31% | 60% | 60% | 87% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Amount is greater than $(0.005) per share. |
82
LOW DURATION
BOND FUND CLASS I |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.83 | $ | 8.60 | $ | 8.66 | $ | 8.22 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.27 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.00) | 2 | (0.02) | 0.24 | (0.06) | 0.45 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 0.72 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.13) | (0.16) | (0.27) | (0.28) | (0.28) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.13) | (0.16) | (0.27) | (0.28) | (0.28) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.81 | $ | 8.83 | $ | 8.60 | $ | 8.66 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 1.46% | 1.64% | 5.84% | 2.61% | 8.82% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 1,915,434 | $ | 1,695,160 | $ | 741,747 | $ | 504,182 | $ | 573,395 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.39% | 0.37% | 0.38% | 0.40% | 0.39% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.39% | 0.37% | 0.38% | 0.40% | 0.39% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.42% | 1.78% | 3.00% | 3.24% | 3.20% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30% | 31% | 60% | 60% | 87% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Amount is greater than $(0.005) per share. |
83
LOW DURATION
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 11.38 | $ | 11.41 | $ | 11.11 | $ | 11.18 | $ | 10.61 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.00) | 2 | | 0.28 | (0.06) | 0.57 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.60 | 0.25 | 0.88 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.13) | (0.17) | (0.30) | (0.32) | (0.31) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.13) | (0.17) | (0.30) | (0.32) | (0.31) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 11.37 | $ | 11.38 | $ | 11.41 | $ | 11.11 | $ | 11.18 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 1.04% | 1.21% | 5.46% | 2.28% | 8.41% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 4,599 | $ | 3,623 | $ | 105 | $ | 1,594 | $ | 2,133 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.72% | 0.78% | 0.77% | 0.79% | 0.78% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.72% | 0.78% | 0.77% | 0.79% | 0.78% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.09% | 1.24% | 2.85% | 2.82% | 2.78% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30% | 31% | 60% | 60% | 87% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Amount is greater than $(0.005) per share. |
84
INTERMEDIATE
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.52 | $ | 10.69 | $ | 10.47 | $ | 10.31 | $ | 10.17 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.44 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.16 | (0.16) | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.94 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.14) | (0.24) | (0.35) | (0.40) | (0.44) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.03) | (0.01) | (0.18) | | (0.36) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.17) | (0.25) | (0.53) | (0.40) | (0.80) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 10.65 | $ | 10.52 | $ | 10.69 | $ | 10.47 | $ | 10.31 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 2.87% | 0.80% | 7.28% | 5.56% | 9.50% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 163,048 | $ | 144,635 | $ | 115,576 | $ | 89,990 | $ | 56,748 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.72% | 0.69% | 0.69% | 0.72% | 0.72% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.68% | 0.65% | 0.65% | 0.66% | 0.65% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.30% | 2.25% | 3.24% | 3.89% | 4.24% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 253% | 208% | 119% | 145% | 192% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
85
INTERMEDIATE
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.52 | $ | 10.69 | $ | 10.47 | $ | 10.30 | $ | 10.17 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.17 | (0.15) | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.50 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.77 | 0.59 | 0.96 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.16) | (0.26) | (0.37) | (0.42) | (0.47) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.03) | (0.01) | (0.18) | | (0.36) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.19) | (0.27) | (0.55) | (0.42) | (0.83) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 10.65 | $ | 10.52 | $ | 10.69 | $ | 10.47 | $ | 10.30 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 3.09% | 1.02% | 7.50% | 5.89% | 9.62% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 1,051,372 | $ | 356,129 | $ | 197,719 | $ | 193,480 | $ | 144,364 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.48% | 2 | 0.46% | 0.48% | 0.51% | 0.51% | ||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.48% | 0.44% | 0.44% | 0.45% | 0.44% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.38% | 2.39% | 3.46% | 4.11% | 4.45% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 253% | 208% | 119% | 145% | 192% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Includes recoupment of past waived fees. Excluding the recoupment of past waived fees, the ratio would have been 0.46% |
86
TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND CLASS M |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.92 | $ | 10.54 | $ | 10.41 | $ | 10.16 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.47 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.38 | (0.18) | 0.62 | 0.21 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.57 | 0.11 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.89 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.20) | (0.29) | (0.38) | (0.45) | (0.47) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.03) | (0.06) | (0.22) | (0.08) | (0.17) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.23) | (0.35) | (0.60) | (0.53) | (0.64) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 11.02 | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.92 | $ | 10.54 | $ | 10.41 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 5.38% | 1.07% | 9.46% | 6.55% | 8.86% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 16,558,422 | $ | 10,587,362 | $ | 10,806,099 | $ | 8,154,998 | $ | 6,999,143 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.68% | 0.62% | 0.61% | 0.63% | 0.63% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.68% | 0.62% | 0.61% | 0.63% | 0.63% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.79% | 2.70% | 3.30% | 4.33% | 4.47% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 246% | 255% | 160% | 156% | 228% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
87
TOTAL RETURN
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.92 | $ | 10.54 | $ | 10.41 | $ | 10.16 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.49 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.38 | (0.18) | 0.62 | 0.21 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.59 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.91 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.23) | (0.31) | (0.40) | (0.47) | (0.49) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.03) | (0.06) | (0.22) | (0.08) | (0.17) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.26) | (0.37) | (0.62) | (0.55) | (0.66) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 11.01 | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.92 | $ | 10.54 | $ | 10.41 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 5.54% | 1.29% | 9.69% | 6.78% | 9.08% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 40,277,552 | $ | 16,023,118 | $ | 13,693,971 | $ | 11,275,951 | $ | 5,972,132 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.44% | 0.40% | 0.40% | 0.42% | 0.42% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.44% | 0.40% | 0.40% | 0.42% | 0.42% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.94% | 2.90% | 3.52% | 4.53% | 4.67% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 246% | 255% | 160% | 156% | 228% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
88
TOTAL RETURN
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.93 | $ | 10.55 | $ | 10.42 | $ | 10.17 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.44 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.40 | (0.18) | 0.63 | 0.21 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.64 | 0.86 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.19) | (0.27) | (0.36) | (0.43) | (0.44) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.03) | (0.06) | (0.22) | (0.08) | (0.17) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.22) | (0.33) | (0.58) | (0.51) | (0.61) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 11.02 | $ | 10.68 | $ | 10.93 | $ | 10.55 | $ | 10.42 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 5.25% | 0.79% | 9.24% | 6.34% | 8.63% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 281,479 | $ | 39,430 | $ | 15,783 | $ | 7,061 | $ | 6,681 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.80% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.83% | 0.83% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.80% | 0.81% | 0.81% | 0.83% | 0.83% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.45% | 2.47% | 3.04% | 4.14% | 4.16% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 246% | 255% | 160% | 156% | 228% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
89
TOTAL RETURN
BOND FUND PLAN CLASS* |
||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
PERIOD
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
|||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 10.07 | $ | 10.30 | $ | 9.95 | $ | 10.00 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.30 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.38 | (0.17) | 0.60 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.95 | 0.37 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.22) | (0.29) | (0.38) | (0.34) | ||||||||||||
From net capital gains | (0.03) | (0.06) | (0.22) | (0.08) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.25) | (0.35) | (0.60) | (0.42) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 10.38 | $ | 10.07 | $ | 10.30 | $ | 9.95 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Return | 5.60% | 1.30% | 9.73% | 3.81% | 2 | |||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 7,179,308 | $ | 535,236 | $ | 348,453 | $ | 119,860 | ||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.40% | 0.39% | 0.40% | 0.41% | 3 | |||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.40% | 3 | |||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.77% | 2.88% | 3.42% | 4.43% | 3 | |||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 246% | 255% | 160% | 156% | 2 |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Non-Annualized. |
3 |
Annualized. |
* | The Total Return Bond Fund Plan Class Shares commenced operations on August 1, 2011. |
90
HIGH YIELD
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 1 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.37 | $ | 10.59 | $ | 10.11 | $ | 10.94 | $ | 10.40 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 2 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.51) | 0.05 | 0.57 | (0.68) | 0.59 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income/(Loss) from Investment Operations | (0.06) | 0.59 | 1.21 | 0.05 | 1.41 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.45) | (0.53) | (0.68) | (0.76) | (0.82) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.14) | (0.28) | (0.05) | (0.12) | (0.05) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.59) | (0.81) | (0.73) | (0.88) | (0.87) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Redemption fees added to paid-in capital (Note 8) | | | | | 0.00 3 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 9.72 | $ | 10.37 | $ | 10.59 | $ | 10.11 | $ | 10.94 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | (0.65)% | 5.89% | 12.40% | 0.68% | 14.19% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 764,684 | $ | 1,323,298 | $ | 1,335,683 | $ | 1,227,806 | $ | 1,351,022 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.89% | 0.82% | 0.81% | 0.85% | 0.85% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.83% | 0.80% | 0.79% | 0.82% | 0.80% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 4.41% | 5.20% | 6.20% | 7.14% | 7.73% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 61% | 66% | 74% | 54% | 34% |
1 |
Consolidated Financial Highlights. |
2 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
3 |
Amount is less than $0.01. |
91
HIGH YIELD
|
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 1 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 10.37 | $ | 10.59 | $ | 10.11 | $ | 10.94 | $ | 10.40 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 2 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.85 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.51) | 0.05 | 0.57 | (0.68) | 0.59 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income/(Loss) from Investment Operations | (0.04) | 0.62 | 1.23 | 0.07 | 1.44 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.47) | (0.56) | (0.70) | (0.78) | (0.85) | |||||||||||||||
From net capital gains |
(0.14) | (0.28) | (0.05) | (0.12) | (0.05) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.61) | (0.84) | (0.75) | (0.90) | (0.90) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Redemption fees added to paid-in capital (Note 8) | | | | | 0.00 3 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 9.72 | $ | 10.37 | $ | 10.59 | $ | 10.11 | $ | 10.94 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | (0.40)% | 6.16% | 12.67% | 0.93% | 14.48% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 755,786 | $ | 910,268 | $ | 997,308 | $ | 1,062,563 | $ | 765,086 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.60% | 0.56% | 0.57% | 0.60% | 0.60% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.58% | 0.55% | 0.54% | 0.57% | 0.55% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 4.65% | 5.45% | 6.46% | 7.35% | 7.99% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 61% | 66% | 74% | 54% | 34% |
1 |
Consolidated Financial Highlights. |
2 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
3 |
Amount is less than $0.01. |
92
UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND CLASS M* |
||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
PERIOD
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
|||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 11.87 | $ | 11.81 | $ | 11.23 | $ | 10.00 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.32 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 1.24 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.97 | 1.56 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.21) | (0.29) | (0.39) | (0.31) | ||||||||||||
From net capital gains | | (0.01) | | (0.02) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.21) | (0.30) | (0.39) | (0.33) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 11.95 | $ | 11.87 | $ | 11.81 | $ | 11.23 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Return | 2.47% | 3.09% | 9.72% | 15.72% | 2 | |||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 738,090 | $ | 305,872 | $ | 100,087 | $ | 9,894 | ||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.04% | 1.04% | 1.35% | 2.86% | 3 | |||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.03% | 0.99% | 0.99% | 0.99% | 3 | |||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.76% | 2.46% | 3.07% | 6.11% | 3 | |||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 18% | 38% | 43% | 29% | 2 |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Non-Annualized. |
3 |
Annualized. |
* | The Unconstrained Bond Fund Class M Shares commenced operations on October 1, 2011. |
93
UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND CLASS I* |
||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
PERIOD
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
|||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 11.86 | $ | 11.80 | $ | 11.22 | $ | 10.00 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.33 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.62 | 1.23 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.32 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 1.56 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.24) | (0.32) | (0.42) | (0.32) | ||||||||||||
From net capital gains | | (0.01) | | (0.02) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.24) | (0.33) | (0.42) | (0.34) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 11.94 | $ | 11.86 | $ | 11.80 | $ | 11.22 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total Return | 2.72% | 3.34% | 9.98% | 15.85% | 2 | |||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 1,299,022 | $ | 412,757 | $ | 87,893 | $ | 7,776 | ||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.79% | 3 | 0.78% | 1.10% | 2.60% | 4 | ||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.79% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 4 | |||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.00% | 2.70% | 3.21% | 6.23% | 4 | |||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 18% | 38% | 43% | 29% | 2 |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Non-Annualized. |
3 |
Includes recoupment of past waived fees. Excluding the recoupment of past waived fees, the ratio would have been 0.76% |
4 |
Annualized. |
* | The Unconstrained Bond Fund Class I Shares commenced operations on October 1, 2011. |
94
STRATEGIC
INCOME FUND CLASS M |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 8.29 | $ | 8.32 | $ | 7.82 | $ | 8.21 | $ | 7.45 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.40 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | 0.02 | (0.02) | 0.51 | (0.36) | 0.78 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.90 | 0.08 | 1.18 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.17) | (0.23) | (0.40) | (0.47) | (0.42) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.17) | (0.23) | (0.40) | (0.47) | (0.42) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 8.32 | $ | 8.29 | $ | 8.32 | $ | 7.82 | $ | 8.21 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 2.37% | 2.42% | 11.80% | 1.11% | 16.21% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 73,453 | $ | 73,180 | $ | 36,823 | $ | 20,882 | $ | 88,162 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.41% | 2.26% | 2.16% | 2.14% | 2.22% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.35% | 2.26% | 2.16% | 2.14% | 2.22% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.20% | 2.62% | 4.85% | 5.52% | 5.10% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 32% | 51% | 50% | 70% | 93% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
95
STRATEGIC
INCOME FUND CLASS I |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 8.29 | $ | 8.32 | $ | 7.82 | $ | 8.21 | $ | 7.44 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.43 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | | (0.03) | 0.50 | (0.39) | 0.78 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 0.10 | 1.21 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.18) | (0.25) | (0.42) | (0.49) | (0.44) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.18) | (0.25) | (0.42) | (0.49) | (0.44) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 8.31 | $ | 8.29 | $ | 8.32 | $ | 7.82 | $ | 8.21 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 2.49% | 2.69% | 12.08% | 1.36% | 16.66% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 90,718 | $ | 146,485 | $ | 178,751 | $ | 162,947 | $ | 180,409 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.10% | 1.99% | 1.91% | 1.89% | 1.97% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.10% | 1.99% | 1.91% | 1.89% | 1.97% | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.37% | 3.07% | 5.18% | 6.19% | 5.41% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 32% | 51% | 50% | 70% | 93% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
96
ALPHATRAK
500 FUND CLASS M |
||||||||||||||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2013 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2012 |
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $ | 6.48 | $ | 5.35 | $ | 4.63 | $ | 4.48 | $ | 3.79 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain | 0.76 | 1.13 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.84 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.80 | 1.21 | 0.78 | 0.32 | 0.96 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income |
(0.06) | (0.08) | (0.06) | (0.09) | (0.17) | |||||||||||||||
From return of capital |
| | | (0.08) | (0.10) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.06) | (0.08) | (0.06) | (0.17) | (0.27) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Year | $ | 7.22 | $ | 6.48 | $ | 5.35 | $ | 4.63 | $ | 4.48 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | 12.37% | 22.75% | 16.88% | 7.35% | 26.31% | |||||||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 9,735 | $ | 5,324 | $ | 6,156 | $ | 5,140 | $ | 9,780 | ||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 2.65% | 2.98% | 2.94% | 2.09% | 1.88% | |||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.90% | 0.90% | 0.91% | 2 | 0.97% | 0.90% | ||||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.54% | 1.43% | 1.45% | 2.75% | 3.14% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30% | 50% | 41% | 31% | 71% |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
The 0.91% represents the current expense waivers and reimbursements which is 0.01% over the expense cap. The after expense waivers and reimbursements would have been 0.90%. |
97
FLOATING RATE
INCOME FUND CLASS M* |
||||||||
YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31, 2015 |
PERIOD
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
|||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 10.28 | $ | 10.00 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.32 | 0.26 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.06) | 0.25 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.26 | 0.51 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||
From net investment income | (0.32) | (0.22) | ||||||
From net capital gains | (0.09) | (0.01) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Distributions | (0.41) | (0.23) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 10.13 | $ | 10.28 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Return | 2.53% | 5.15% | 2 | |||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||
Net Assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 6,126 | $ | 5,311 | ||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 1.10% | 1.11% | 3 | |||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.88% | 0.85% | 3 | |||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 3.15% | 3.41% | 3 | |||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 49% | 67% | 2 |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Non-Annualized. |
3 |
Annualized. |
* | The Floating Rate Income Fund Class M Shares commenced operations on June 28, 2013. |
98
FLOATING RATE
INCOME FUND CLASS I* |
||||||||
YEAR
2015 |
PERIOD
ENDED MARCH 31, 2014 |
|||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 10.28 | $ | 10.00 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Income from Investment Operations: |
||||||||
Net investment income 1 | 0.34 | 0.26 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) | (0.07) | 0.26 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Income from Investment Operations | 0.27 | 0.52 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Less Distributions: |
||||||||
From net investment income | (0.34) | (0.23) | ||||||
From net capital gains | (0.09) | (0.01) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Distributions | (0.43) | (0.24) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 10.12 | $ | 10.28 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Return | 2.63% | 5.29% | 2 | |||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
||||||||
Net Assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 138,190 | $ | 115,448 | ||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | ||||||||
Before expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.74% | 0.81% | 3 | |||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 0.68% | 0.65% | 3 | |||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | ||||||||
After expense waivers and reimbursements | 3.33% | 3.34% | 3 | |||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 49% | 67% | 2 |
1 |
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average share method. |
2 |
Non-Annualized. |
3 |
Annualized. |
* | The Floating Rate Income Fund Class I Shares commenced operations on June 28, 2013. |
99
A NNUAL /S EMIANNUAL R EPORTS
The Funds annual and semiannual reports to shareholders contain additional information about the Funds investments. The annual report includes a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during their last fiscal year.
S TATEMENT OF A DDITIONAL I NFORMATION (SAI)
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference and is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
The reports and the SAI are available, free of charge, on our website at http://www.mwamllc.com/literature.php . You can request free copies of the reports and the SAI, or request other information and discuss your questions about the Funds by contacting us at:
METROPOLITAN WEST FUNDS
865 SOUTH FIGUEROA STREET
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90017
(800) 241-4671
You can also review the Funds reports and SAI at the Public Reference Room of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. In addition, you can get copies of this information:
|
For a fee, by writing the Public Reference Section of the Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 or by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. |
|
Free of charge from the EDGAR Database on the SECs Website at http://www.sec.gov. |
Investment Company Act File No. 811-07989
JULY 29
2015
Statement of Additional Information
METROPOLITAN WEST ULTRA SHORT BOND FUND (Ultra Short Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWUIX; M Share: MWUSX)
METROPOLITAN WEST LOW DURATION BOND FUND (Low Duration Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWLIX; M Share: MWLDX; Admin Share: MWLNX)
METROPOLITAN WEST INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND (Intermediate Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWIIX; M Share: MWIMX)
METROPOLITAN WEST TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND (Total Return Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWTIX; M Share: MWTRX; Admin Share: MWTNX; P Share: MWTSX)
METROPOLITAN WEST HIGH YIELD BOND FUND (High Yield Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWHIX; M Share: MWHYX)
METROPOLITAN WEST UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND (Unconstrained Bond Fund)
(I Share: MWCIX; M Share: MWCRX)
METROPOLITAN WEST STRATEGIC INCOME FUND (Strategic Income Fund)
(I Share: MWSIX; M Share: MWSTX)
METROPOLITAN WEST ALPHATRAK 500 FUND (AlphaTrak 500 Fund)
(M Share: MWATX)
METROPOLITAN WEST FLOATING RATE INCOME FUND (Floating Rate Income Fund)
(I Share: MWFLX; M Share: MWFRX)
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated July 29, 2015, as supplemented from time to time, which describes each of the separate investment series (each, a Fund and collectively, the Funds) of Metropolitan West Funds (the Trust). Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained at no charge by writing to Metropolitan West Funds, 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017. Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser) is the investment adviser to the Funds. Incorporated by reference herein are the financial statements of the Funds contained in the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, including the Report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Funds Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Copies of the Funds Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders are available, upon request, without charge, by calling (800) 241-4671, or by writing to Metropolitan West Funds, 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017 or by visiting www.mwamllc.com.
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RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN MORTGAGE-RELATED AND ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES |
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INFORMATION ABOUT EACH TRUSTEES QUALIFICATIONS, EXPERIENCE, ATTRIBUTES OR SKILLS |
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The Trust was organized on December 9, 1996 as a Delaware statutory trust and is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as an open-end, management investment company. The Trust currently consists of nine separate series, each of which has separate assets and liabilities. Each Fund is a diversified fund. Each Fund other than the AlphaTrak 500 Fund, the Low Duration Bond Fund and the Total Return Bond Fund has two classes of shares of beneficial interest, Class M and Class I, each with a par value of $0.01 per share. The Low Duration Bond Fund and the Total Return Bond Fund have an Administrative Class of shares of beneficial interest, each with a par value of $0.01 per share. The Total Return Bond Fund has a Plan Class of shares of beneficial interest, with a par value of $0.01 per share. The Trusts Board of Trustees decides matters of general policy and reviews the activities of the Adviser. The Trusts officers conduct and supervise the daily business operations of the Trust. The Board of Trustees may, at its own discretion, create additional series of shares and classes within each series.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of each Fund is described in the Prospectus.
The portfolio and strategies with respect to the composition of each Fund are described in the Prospectus.
Each Fund has adopted the following restrictions (in addition to those indicated in the Prospectus) as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of that Funds outstanding voting securities, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Under the 1940 Act, the vote of the holders of a majority of a Funds outstanding voting securities means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares.
Except as noted, no Fund may:
1. | Purchase any security, other than obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies, or instrumentalities (U.S. Government securities) or mutual funds, if as a result of that purchase: (i) with respect to 75% of its total assets, more than 5% of the Funds total assets (determined at the time of investment) would then be invested in securities of a single issuer, or (ii) more than 25% of the Funds total assets (determined at the time of investment) would be invested in one or more issuers having their principal business activities in a single industry. For purposes of the industry concentration test, (a) finance company subsidiaries will be considered to be in the industries of their parent companies if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parent companies; (b) utilities will be regarded as separate industries based on their services; for example, electric, natural gas, telephone, among others, will each be considered a separate industry; and (c) the Floating Rate Income Fund may concentrate in the banking industry to the extent that such concentration results from the Funds purchase of loan participations from banks and the banks are considered the issuers of those participations. |
2. | Purchase securities on margin (but any Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions and may otherwise borrow as expressly permitted by the Prospectus or this SAI) provided that the deposit or payment by a Fund of initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures or options is not considered the purchase of a security on margin. |
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3. | Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, unless at all times when a short position is open it owns an equal amount of collateral consisting of liquid securities or such securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable, without payment of any further consideration, for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short (short sale against-the-box), and unless not more than 25% of the Funds net assets (33 1 / 3 % for the High Yield Bond Fund and Strategic Income Fund) (taken at current value) is held as collateral for such sales at any one time. |
4. | Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that any Fund may borrow from a bank for temporary or emergency purposes in amounts not exceeding 10% (taken at the lower of cost or current value) of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) and may pledge its assets to secure such borrowings. The High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund may borrow from a bank in amounts not exceeding 33 1 / 3 % of its total assets (including borrowings) and may pledge its assets to secure such borrowings. The Funds may borrow from banks or enter into reverse repurchase agreements and pledge assets in connection therewith, but only if, to the extent required by applicable law, immediately after each borrowing there is asset coverage of at least 300%, except for borrowing for temporary administrative purposes on an unsecured basis in an amount not to exceed 5% of total assets. |
5. | Purchase any security (other than U.S. Government securities) if as a result of that purchase, with respect to 75% of the Funds total assets, the Fund would then hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. |
6. | Act as an underwriter except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain federal securities laws. |
7. | Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management. (However, this does not prohibit representatives of the Fund or the Adviser from participating on creditors committees with respect to the Funds portfolio investments.) |
8. | Participate on a joint or joint and several basis in any trading account in securities that would be restricted or prohibited by the 1940 Act, except to the extent the Fund has received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) permitting such account or otherwise is in compliance with interpretive guidance from the staff of the SEC. (As of the date of this SAI, the Trust has neither obtained nor applied for such an order.) |
9. | Invest in commodities, except that the Fund may invest in futures contracts, options on futures contracts and other instruments, such as swaps, that are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to the extent permitted by the CFTCs regulations, so that either (a) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the positions in those futures contracts and other CFTC-regulated instruments do not exceed five percent of the respective Funds liquidation value (after taking into account unrealized profits and losses on those positions) or (b) the net aggregate notional value or obligation of all futures contracts and other CFTC-regulated instruments do not exceed the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio at the time the most recent position was established (after taking into account unrealized profits and losses on those positions). (This exception is an operating policy that may be changed without shareholder approval, consistent with applicable regulations.) |
10. | Lend money or other assets to other persons in any form or manner except as permitted to the fullest extent by the 1940 Act and other applicable law. To the extent the following activities constitute loans within the meaning of applicable law, none of the following are prohibited: (i) acquiring floating rate instruments, corporate loans, bonds, debentures or other corporate debt securities, (ii) investing in government obligations, commercial paper, pass-through instruments, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, repurchase agreements or any similar instruments and (iii) lending its portfolio securities. (The Low Duration Bond Fund is not permitted to loan its portfolio securities.) |
11. | Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate, except that the Fund may purchase securities backed by real estate or interests therein, or issued by companies, including real estate investment trusts, which invest in real estate or interests therein. (For purposes of this restriction, investments by a Fund in mortgage-backed securities and other securities representing interests in mortgage pools shall not constitute the purchase or sale of real estate or interests in real estate or real estate mortgage loans.) |
In addition, the Trust has adopted the following non-fundamental policies, which may be changed without shareholder approval, so that no Fund will: (a) notwithstanding the investment restrictions (1) above, purchase any security, other than U.S. Government securities or mutual funds, if as a result of that purchase, with respect to 100% of that Funds total assets, more than 5%
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of its total assets (determined at the time of investment) would then be invested in securities of a single issuer, provided that this restriction does not apply to the High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund and Strategic Income Fund or to banks and other intermediaries from which the Floating Rate Income Fund purchases a loan participation; (b) invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, excluding securities that have been determined to be liquid pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees such as restricted securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act); (c) purchase securities of other investment companies, except in connection with a merger, consolidation, reorganization or other acquisition of assets or except as disclosed in the Prospectus or this SAI, but not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such company would be owned by the Fund and its affiliates; and (d) invest in securities of registered open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) of the 1940 Act or any successor provisions. Notwithstanding the diversification limits described above, Rule 5b-2 adopted under the 1940 Act allows the Trust and each Fund to disregard for purposes of those limits the total value of securities issued or guaranteed by a single guarantor so long as the value of all securities owned by a Fund issued or guaranteed by a common guarantor does not exceed 10% of the value of the total assets of that Fund.
Investment restrictions based on a percentage of a Funds net or total assets generally will be based at the time of investment in a security or instrument, except for investments that would constitute a senior security. Typically, certain designated or segregated assets are specified to cover a Funds obligation under what would be otherwise regarded as a senior security, in which case a mark-to-market valuation would be used to test compliance with the investment restriction. For example, the market value of a position in a swap contract that is purchased would be used for these purposes rather than the initial purchase price or the notional value or reference value of the contract. The Fund would look through any affiliated investment company in which it invests for purposes of testing the industry concentration limit under investment restriction no. 1 above. Also for purposes of investment restriction no. 1 above with respect to industry concentration, each Fund relies on categories from recognized industry references such as the U.S. Department of Labors Standard Industrial Classification (SIC codes) or Bloombergs Industry Sub-Groups, as determined to be reasonable and up-to-date by the Adviser.
SECURITIES AND TECHNIQUES USED BY THE FUNDS
The following provides more detailed information about securities and techniques used by the Funds and the risks associated with them.
The Floating Rate Income Fund will attempt to achieve its objective primarily by investing in the following items (that may be issued by domestic or foreign entities): (i) senior secured floating rate loans or debt; (ii) second lien or other subordinated or unsecured floating rate loans or debt; (iii) fixed-rate loans or debt, such as corporate bonds, preferred securities, convertible securities, mezzanine investments, collateralized loan obligations, senior loans, second lien loans, structured products and U.S. Government debt securities, with respect to which the Fund has entered into derivative instruments that have the effect of converting the fixed-rate interest payments into floating-rate interest payments; and (iv) writing credit derivatives, which would give the Fund exposure to the credit of a single issuer or an index. The Fund may also purchase, without limitation, participations or assignments in senior floating rate loans or second lien floating rate loans.
The Funds will attempt to achieve their objectives by investing in the following types of securities (that may be issued by domestic or foreign entities) such as but not limited to: (i) U.S. Government and agency securities; (ii) corporate debt securities, including bonds, notes and debentures; (iii) corporate and asset-backed commercial paper; (iv) mortgage and other asset-backed securities, including CMOs and REMICs (see Mortgage Related Securities); (v) variable and floating rate debt securities (including inverse floaters); (vi) subordinated corporate, mortgage, and asset-backed securities; (vii) structured debentures, bonds and notes; (viii) collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), including CDO equity and preference shares; (ix) bank certificates of deposit; (x) fixed time deposits and bankers acceptances; (xi) money market securities; (xii) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; (xiii) debt securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities (convertible securities); (xiv) warrants; (xv) preferred and common equity securities; (xvi) obligations of foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities; (xvii) obligations of international agencies (such as the Agency for International Development) or supranational entities; (xviii) loan participations and assignments; (xix) derivatives (including but not limited to swap agreements such as credit default swaps, index credit default swaps, total return swaps, interest rate swaps, swaptions and net interest margins); (xx) privately placed and Rule 144A securities; (xxi) leveraged loans; (xxii) mezzanine investments; (xxiii) futures and options on futures relating to currencies, indexes and other financial factors; (xxiv) bank loans; or loan participations; (xxv) defaulted debt securities; (xxvi) dollar rolls; (xxvii) sell buybacks; (xxviii) other mutual funds, including Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), such as iShares; (xxix) TRAC-X related securities (TRAC-X is an index of credit default swaps);(xxx) unrated securities; (xxxi) municipal bonds and securities and (xxxii) bridge loans.
There is no limitation on the percentage of a Funds assets that may be committed to any of these types of securities, except to the extent that a security may be deemed to be illiquid. As new fixed income products and securities are developed, the Adviser may invest in those opportunities for the Funds as well.
Note that preferred stocks normally differ greatly from common stocks, with which most people are familiar. Although preferred stock can possess many characteristics of equity, such as the right to convert to common stock, preferred stock often possesses characteristics of bonds because it operates like debt, plus interest, owed to the owner of the preferred stock.
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In addition to the securities above, the AlphaTrak 500 Fund may invest all of its assets in the following equity derivative instruments (and in liquid assets backing its investments in these derivatives): (i) S&P 500 Index futures contracts; (ii) Mini S&P 500 Index futures contracts (E-Mini); (iii) options on the S&P 500 Index and S&P futures; (iv) swap agreements involving the S&P 500 Index. When the above-listed S&P 500 Index derivatives appear to be overvalued relative to the S&P 500 Index, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in the common stocks that comprise the S&P 500 Index. The Fund likely would not purchase all 500 issues, but probably would purchase a basket of common stocks represented in the S&P 500 Index that, in the opinion of the Adviser, will substantially track the movements in the S&P 500 Index. The Fund may also invest up to 25% of its total assets in these stocks indirectly by purchasing interests in one or more mutual funds, asset pools or trusts that invest in such stocks.
Positions in S&P 500 Index futures and options will be entered into only to the extent they constitute permissible positions for the Fund according to applicable rules of the CFTC. At times, the Adviser may be constrained in its ability to use S&P 500 Index derivatives either by requirements of the Internal Revenue Code or by an unanticipated inability to close positions when it would be most advantageous to do so.
Because each Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in mutual funds that invest in stocks or bonds or other baskets of securities (such as ETFs), subject to other limits under applicable law, investors should know that a Fund would pay the additional fees and expenses of a mutual fund investment. Each Fund also may invest an unlimited amount of its cash in a money market fund. This would result in an additional layer of management fees and expenses for shareholders in a Fund. To the extent the acquiring Fund pays a sales load, distribution fee, or service fee on acquired fund shares (if it does), the Adviser must waive a sufficient amount of its advisory fee to offset the cost of the loads or distribution fees. The Funds also may invest in other affiliated funds to the extent permitted by applicable rule. Additional information (if applicable) is available in the prospectus.
Each Fund may invest in debt securities or other obligations whose issuers are in default. However, under normal conditions, each Fund will not invest more than 5% (15% for the High Yield Bond Fund) of its total assets in debt securities or other obligations whose issuers are in default at the time of purchase.
A Fund may hold equity securities under certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the resolution of a default or bankruptcy of a bond issuer, the entry of an issuer into receivership, a corporate or securities transaction by the issuer that affects securities held by the Fund, or the exercise by the Fund of conversion or purchase rights associated with a convertible or other fixed-income security purchased by the Fund. These equity securities may include a wide-range of securities and instruments, including those listed above, that have risk and other characteristics of stocks or of both stocks and bonds.
By holding and investing in equity securities, a Fund may expose an investor to certain risks that could cause the investor to lose money, particularly if there is a sudden decline in a holdings share price or an overall decline in the stock market. Equity securities are not expected to represent a material portion of a Funds portfolio unless the Fund exercises conversion or purchase rights or otherwise receives equity securities other than through the direct purchase of those equity securities.
The value of an investment in a Fund could decline because of equity securities held by the Fund based on the day-to-day fluctuation or the decline in their value related to movements in the stock market, as well as in response to the activities of individual companies. In addition, some of the equity securities that a Fund would obtain as a result of the special circumstances described above could be subject to restrictions on transfer or sale that may reduce their market value compared to freely tradable securities.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE ALPHATRAK 500 FUND
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in S&P 500 Index futures contracts or S&P 500 swap contracts with a contractual or notional value substantially equal to the Funds total assets. While the Fund strives to substantially match the contractual or notional value of the futures contracts held by the Fund to the Funds total assets, the Fund may experience operational limitations in its ability to do so. For example, there may be daily fluctuations in the purchase and redemption cash flow activity of the Fund that cannot be completely anticipated. There is no guarantee that the Funds strategy will achieve positive results.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE STRATEGIC INCOME FUND
The Fund expects to employ various strategies, including: relative value/arbitrage strategies; market-timing strategies; event driven and special situation strategies; long-short or market-neutral equity strategies; and other strategies discussed in the Prospectus. These strategies are intended to provide absolute (positive) regardless of general market conditions; however, the values of the Funds investments may change with market conditions, and so will the value of an investment in the Fund. There is no guarantee that the Funds strategy will achieve positive results.
RELATIVE VALUE/ARBITRAGE STRATEGIES : Arbitrage strategies include investing both long and short in related securities or other instruments to take advantage of perceived discrepancies in market prices. Arbitrage strategies typically employ leverage. These strategies may include, but are not limited to: capital structure arbitrage, which involves seeking out mispriced securities a corporation may use for funding, and hedging the capital structure of this entity; convertible arbitrage, which is hedged investing in the convertible securities of a company such as buying the convertible bond and shorting the common stock of the same
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company; commodities/futures arbitrage, which involves arbitraging intra and inter-market discrepancies among the various commodity and interest rate futures markets; and fixed income or interest rate arbitrage, which involves buying long and short different debt securities, interest rate swap arbitrage, and U.S. and non-U.S. Government bond arbitrage.
MARKET-TIMING STRATEGIES: These strategies are designed to benefit from cyclical relationships that exist in certain markets, sectors and security types. Examples include: interest rate timing, yield curve relationships and arbitrage, and sector and issue allocations. Interest rate timing is based on the premise that interest rates have historically exhibited a cyclical pattern. Real interest rates (nominal interest rates less inflation) have been higher during economic expansions and have decreased as the economy slows. The Adviser uses this relationship to set the average duration of the Fund to benefit over a full market cycle from changes in interest rates. This investment process cost-averages the duration of the Fund higher as real interest rates rise beyond their historic normal levels, and cost-averages the duration lower as real interest rates move lower. At times, the portfolios average duration may be negative if real interest rates are negative. Yield curve relationships and arbitrage presumes that like interest rates, the relationship between bonds of various maturities has been highly variable across the economic cycle. The Fund seeks to take advantage of these movements both with relative value trades as described above and by concentrating the portfolio in the historically most undervalued sections of the yield curve. These strategies seek to benefit from the cyclical changes that occur in the shape of the yield curve. Sector and issue allocation investments are where the Adviser strives to benefit from cyclical changes between sectors of the fixed income markets. This is accomplished by using relative value and historical benchmarks to determine when sectors are undervalued. It might be implemented through long-only positions or a combination of long and short positions. The Adviser will use fundamental research to find individual issuers of securities that the Adviser believes are undervalued and have high income and the potential for price appreciation. The success of a market-timing strategy is dependent on several factors, including the Advisers ability to accurately predict market events and relationships.
LONG-SHORT OR MARKET-NEUTRAL EQUITY STRATEGIES: These strategies are designed to exploit equity market inefficiencies and generally involves being simultaneously invested in long and short matched equity portfolios of the same size, usually in the same sector or market. Under these strategies, the Adviser seeks to hold stocks long that the Adviser believes will perform better than comparable stocks, and sell stocks short that the Adviser believes will underperform comparable stocks, drawing on analyses of earnings, timing, pricing, or other factors. This type of investing may reduce market risk, but effective stock analysis and stock picking is essential to obtaining positive results.
EVENT DRIVEN AND SPECIAL SITUATION STRATEGIES
Event driven and special situation strategies involve attempting to predict the outcome of a particular transaction as well as the best time at which to commit capital to such a transaction. These strategies are designed to benefit from price movements caused by anticipated corporate events such as a merger, acquisition, spin-off, liquidation, reorganization or other special situations. The Funds believe that carefully selected investments in vehicles related to these events could enhance the Funds capital appreciation potential. The success or failure of these strategies usually depends on whether the Adviser accurately predicts the outcome and timing of the transaction event. Also, major market declines that could cause transactions to be re-priced or fail, may have a negative impact on the strategy. Investments in special situations may be illiquid, as determined by the Adviser based on policies established by the Board. The Funds will not invest more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid investments, including special situations.
The Prospectus describes the permissible range of credit ratings (generally assigned by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization) for the securities in which each Fund is permitted to invest. Securities rated Baa are considered by Moodys to have speculative characteristics. For Baa/BBB rated securities, changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher grade securities. Securities rated below BBB or Baa are considered to be below investment grade and are judged to be predominantly speculative with respect to their capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of their obligations and are commonly known as junk bonds. The High Yield Bond Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in junk bonds if rated as such by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. The Strategic Income Fund may invest up to 50% of its total assets in debt securities rated below investment grade at the time of purchase.
Unpredicted and unforeseen economic and other external events can affect the credit ratings of portfolio securities, resulting in the assignment of a lower rating for a security or perhaps resulting in a security not being rated. Such downgrades can, in turn, adversely impact the average dollar-weighted credit quality of the Fund. This would not require the Fund to sell the security, but the Adviser will consider such an event (among other factors) in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the security in the portfolio. The Adviser may assign credit ratings to unrated securities based on criteria which are, in the Advisers opinion, relevant to assessing the credit quality of the security, such as but not limited to the credit worthiness of the issuer, risk of default, issuer asset valuations, securities with comparable risk profiles and the issuers financial fundamentals, such as revenue. When calculating the average credit quality of a Fund, the Adviser also may assign a credit rating to equity securities held as a means of assessing the overall portfolio, absent any external sources.
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In selecting fixed-income securities for the Funds, the Adviser makes use of the concept of duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed-income security on a present value basis. Most debt obligations provide interest (coupon) payments in addition to a final (par) payment at maturity. Some obligations also have call provisions. Depending on the relative magnitude of these payments, the market values of debt obligations may respond differently to changes in the level and structure of interest rates. Duration takes the length of time intervals between the present time and the time that the interest and principal payments are scheduled or, in the case of a mortgage-backed, asset-backed, or callable bond, expected to be received, and weights them by the present values of the cash to be received at each future point in time.
For any fixed-income security with interest payments occurring before the payment of principal, duration is ordinarily less than maturity. In general, all other things being equal, the lower the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed-income security, the longer the duration of the security; conversely, the higher the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed-income security, the shorter the duration of the security. There are some situations where even the standard duration calculation does not properly reflect the interest rate exposure of a security. In these and other similar situations, the Adviser will use more sophisticated analytical techniques that incorporate the economic life of a security into the determination of its interest rate exposure. A Funds computation of duration is based on estimated rather than known factors. Thus, there can be no assurance that any particular portfolio duration will at all times be achieved by a Fund.
Futures, options and options on futures have durations, which, in general, are closely related to the duration of the securities that underlie them. Holding long futures or call option positions will lengthen a Funds duration by approximately the same amount that holding an equivalent amount of the underlying securities would.
Short futures or put option positions have durations roughly equal to the negative of the duration of the securities that underlie those positions, and have the effect of reducing portfolio duration by approximately the same amount that selling an equivalent amount of the underlying securities would.
There are some situations where even the standard duration calculation does not properly reflect the interest rate exposure of a security. For example, floating and variable rate securities often have final maturities of ten or more years; however, their interest rate exposure corresponds to the frequency that coupon is reset. Another example where the interest rate exposure is not properly captured by duration is the case of mortgage pass-through securities. The stated final maturity of such securities is generally 30 years, but current prepayment rates are more critical in determining the securities interest rate exposure. In these and other similar situations, the Adviser will use more sophisticated analytical techniques that incorporate the economic life of a security into the determination of its interest rate exposure.
Assuming an expected average duration of 0.75 years for the Ultra Short Bond Fund or AlphaTrak 500 Fund, a 1% decline in interest rates would cause each Fund to gain 0.75% in value; likewise, a 1% rise in interest would produce a decline of 0.75% in each Funds value. It should be noted, however, that the above assumptions (regarding the AlphaTrak 500 Fund) do not reflect any changes in S&P 500 Index futures contracts, other derivatives or S&P 500 Index stocks that may be held by the Fund. Assuming an expected average duration of 2 years for the Low Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund or the Strategic Income Fund, a 1% decline in interest rates would cause each Fund to gain 2% in value; likewise, a 1% rise in interest rates would produce a decline of 2% in each Funds value. Assuming an expected average duration of 4.5 years for the Total Return Bond Fund, a 1% decline in interest rates would cause the Fund to gain 4.5% in value; likewise, a 1% rise in interest rates would produce a decline of 4.5% in the Funds value. Assuming an expected average duration of 4 years for the High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund or Floating Rate Income Fund, a 1% decline in interest rates would cause the Fund to gain 4% in value; likewise a 1% rise in interest would produce a decline of 4% in the Funds value. Other factors such as changes in credit quality, prepayments, the shape of the yield curve and liquidity affect the net asset value of the Funds and may be correlated with changes in interest rates. These factors can increase swings in the Funds share prices during periods of volatile interest rate changes.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN HIGH-YIELD SECURITIES (JUNK BONDS)
Investments in securities rated below investment grade that are eligible for purchase by the Funds, and in particular the High Yield Bond Fund, are described as speculative by both Moodys and S&P. Lower-rated or unrated ( i.e., high-yield or junk bond) securities are more likely to react to developments affecting market risk (such as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity) and credit risk (such as the issuers inability to meet its obligations) than are more highly rated securities, which react primarily to movements in the general level of interest rates. The Adviser considers both credit risk and market risk in making investment decisions for the Funds. Investors should carefully consider the relative risk of investing in high-yield securities and understand that such securities are not generally meant for short-term trading. These high-yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high-yield may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.
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High-yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of high yield securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest-rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high-yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Funds investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In the case of high-yield securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities that pay interest periodically and in cash. The Adviser seeks to reduce these risks through diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in both the economy and financial markets.
The amount of high-yield securities outstanding proliferated in the 1980s in conjunction with the increase in merger and acquisition and leveraged buyout activity. Under adverse economic conditions, there is a risk that highly leveraged issuers may be unable to service their debt obligations upon maturity. In addition, the secondary market for high-yield securities, which is concentrated in relatively few market makers, may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values of high-yield securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for high-yield securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. As a result, the Adviser could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower-rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating the Funds net asset value. Additionally, when secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.
The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high-yield securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high-yield securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated. The Adviser does not rely solely on credit ratings when selecting securities for the Funds, and develops its own independent analysis of issuer credit quality. If a credit rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by a Fund, the Fund may retain the portfolio security if the Adviser deems it in the best interest of shareholders.
Lower-rated or unrated debt obligations present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligation for redemption, a Fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its higher- rated securities, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the Funds portfolio and increasing the exposure of the Fund to the risks of high-yield securities.
PARTICIPATION ON CREDITOR COMMITTEES: Representatives of a Fund (in particular but not limited to - the High Yield Bond Fund) or the Adviser may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject a Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make a Fund an insider of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict such Funds ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund will participate on such committees only when the Adviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Funds rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund.
The Floating Rate Income Fund may invest in certain high yield securities known as mezzanine investments, which are subordinated debt securities generally issued in private placements in connection with an equity security ( e.g. , with attached warrants). Mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Similar to other high yield securities, maturities of mezzanine investments are typically seven to ten years, but the expected average life is significantly shorter at three to five years. Mezzanine investments are usually unsecured and subordinate to other obligations of the issuer.
The Floating Rate Income Fund may invest in securities, including loans purchased in the secondary market, that are the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise in default or in risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and would be regarded as junk quality or, if unrated, are in the judgment of the Adviser of equivalent quality (Distressed Securities). Investing in Distressed Securities is speculative and involves significant risks.
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The Fund will generally make these investments only when the Adviser believes it is reasonably likely that the issuer of the Distressed Securities will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization pursuant to which the Fund will receive new securities in return for the Distressed Securities. However, there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. In addition, a lengthy period may pass between the time at which the Fund makes its investment in Distressed Securities and the time that any such exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed. During this period, it is unlikely that the Fund will receive any interest payments on the Distressed Securities, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan of reorganization will be completed and the Fund may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect and recover its investment. Therefore, to the extent the Fund seeks capital appreciation through investments in distressed securities, the Funds ability to achieve current income for its shareholders may be diminished. The Fund also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when and in what manner and for what value the obligations evidenced by the distressed securities will eventually be satisfied ( e.g. , through a liquidation of the obligors assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization involving the distressed securities or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). Even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to Distressed Securities held by the Fund, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by the Fund in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will have an improved value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made, and may have no value. Moreover, any securities received by the Fund upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. Similarly, if the Fund participates in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of Distressed Securities, the Fund may be restricted from disposing of such securities. To the extent that the Fund becomes involved in those proceedings, the Fund may more actively participate in the affairs of the issuer than would be typical for an investor. The Fund, however, will not make investments for the purpose of exercising day-to-day management control of any issuers affairs.
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements involving U.S. Government securities or other collateral including mortgage-related products or corporate securities with commercial banks or broker-dealers, whereby the seller of a security agrees to repurchase the security from the Fund on an agreed-upon date in the future. While each Fund intends to be fully collateralized as to such agreements, and the collateral will be marked to market daily, if the person obligated to repurchase from the Fund defaults, there may be delays and expenses in liquidating the securities subject to the repurchase agreement, a decline in their value and a loss of interest income.
A repurchase transaction occurs when, at the time a Fund purchases a security, that Fund also resells it to a vendor (normally a commercial bank or broker-dealer) and must deliver the security (and/or securities substituted for them under the repurchase agreement) to the vendor on an agreed-upon date in the future. Such securities, including any securities so substituted, are referred to as the Resold Securities. The resale price is in excess of the purchase price in that it reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate effective for the period of time during which the Funds money is invested in the Resold Securities. The majority of these transactions run from day to day, and the delivery pursuant to the resale typically will occur within one to five days of the purchase. The Funds risk is limited to the ability of the vendor to pay the agreed-upon sum at the delivery date; in the event of bankruptcy or other default by the vendor, there may be possible delays and expenses in liquidating the instrument purchased, decline in its value and loss of interest. The Adviser will consider the creditworthiness of any vendor of repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements can be considered as loans collateralized by the Resold Securities, and are defined as loans in the 1940 Act. The return on such collateral may be more or less than that from the repurchase agreement. The Resold Securities will be marked to market every business day so that the value of the collateral is at least equal to the value of the loan, including the accrued interest earned thereon. All Resold Securities will be held by the Funds custodian either directly or through a securities depository (tri-party repurchase agreement) or the Federal Reserve book-entry system.
The Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, whereby a Fund sells securities concurrently with entering into an agreement to repurchase those securities at a later date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on those securities. Reverse repurchase agreements are speculative techniques involving leverage and are considered borrowings by the Fund for purposes of the percentage limitations applicable to borrowings.
The Funds also may enter into dollar roll transactions in which the Funds sell a fixed income security for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities at an agreed upon future time. By engaging in a dollar roll transaction, the Funds forego principal and interest paid on the security that is sold, but receive the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase. The Funds would also be able to earn interest on the income that is received from the initial sale. The obligation to purchase securities on a specified future date involves the risk that the market value of the securities that the Funds are obligated to purchase may decline below the purchase price. In addition, in the event the other party to the transaction files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent or defaults on its obligation, the Funds may be adversely affected.
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The Funds also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as sale-buybacks. A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Funds repurchase of the underlying security. A Funds obligations under a sale-buyback typically would be offset by liquid assets equal in value to the amount of the Funds forward commitment to repurchase the subject security.
The Funds may invest in U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities include direct obligations issued by the United States Treasury, such as Treasury bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes, bonds and component parts of notes or bonds (including the principal of such obligations or the interest payments scheduled to be paid on such obligations). U.S. Government securities also can include securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities that issue or guarantee securities, including, but not limited to, the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Student Loan Marketing Association. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Tennessee Valley Authority, Inter-American Development Bank, Asian Development Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Certain of these entities are U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSE). Although the securities of these GSEs, and others like them, may be chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Treasury. For example, FNMAs guarantee is supported by its ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while FHLMCs guarantee is backed by reserves set aside to protect holders against losses due to default. In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency placed FNMA and the FHLMC into conservatorship to control their operations. Certain financing arrangements were put in place to support their bonds, but they are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Also included as U.S. Government securities are bank-issued debt instruments that are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) under its Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, which is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
Except for U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies obligations; while still others, such as the Student Loan Marketing Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. Each Fund will invest in securities of such instrumentality only when the Adviser is satisfied that the credit risk with respect to that instrumentality is acceptable.
Among the U.S. Government securities that may be purchased by the Funds are certain mortgage-backed securities of GNMA, the FHLMC and FNMA. See the discussion under Mortgage-Related Securities.
The Funds may invest in component parts of the U.S. Treasury notes or bonds, namely, either the principal of such Treasury obligations or one of the interest payments scheduled to be paid on such obligations. These obligations may take the form of (i) Treasury obligations from which the interest coupons have been stripped, (ii) the interest coupons that are stripped, (iii) book-entries at a Federal Reserve member bank representing ownership of Treasury obligation components, or (iv) receipts evidencing the component parts (principal or interest) of Treasury obligations that have not actually been stripped. Such receipts evidence ownership of component parts of Treasury obligations (principal or interest) purchased by a third party (typically an investment banking firm) and held on behalf of the third party in physical or book-entry form by a major commercial bank or trust company pursuant to a custody agreement with the third party. These custodial receipts are known by various names, including Treasury Receipts, Treasury Investment Growth Receipts (TIGRs) and Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities (CATS), and are not issued by the U.S. Treasury. Therefore they are not U.S. Government securities, although the underlying bonds represented by these receipts are debt obligations of the U.S. Treasury.
CORPORATE DEBT AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS
The Funds may invest in corporate debt securities, variable and floating rate debt securities and corporate commercial paper in the rating categories described above. Floating rate securities normally have a rate of interest that is set as a specific percentage of a designated base rate, such as the rate on Treasury bonds or bills or the prime rate at a major commercial bank. The interest rate on floating rate securities changes periodically when there is a change in the designated base rate. Variable rate securities provide for a specified periodic adjustment in the interest rate based on prevailing market rates.
The Funds may invest in corporate debt securities with contractual call provisions that permit the seller of the security to repurchase the security at a pre-determined price. The market price typically reflects the presence of a call provision.
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The Funds may invest in structured debentures and structured notes. These are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both bonds and swap agreements. Like a bond, these securities make regular coupon payments and generally have fixed principal amounts. However, the coupon payments are typically tied to a swap agreement that can be affected by changes in a variety of factors such as exchange rates, the shape of the yield curve and foreign interest rates. Because of these factors, structured debentures and structured notes can display price behavior that is more volatile than and often not correlated to other fixed-income securities.
The Funds may also invest in inverse floaters and tiered index bonds. An inverse floater is a type of derivative that bears a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction to the interest rate on another security or index level. Changes in the interest rate of the other security or index inversely affect the residual interest rate paid on the inverse floater, with the result that the inverse floaters price will be considerably more volatile than that of a fixed-rate bond. Tiered index bonds are also a type of derivative instrument. The interest rate on a tiered index bond is tied to a specified index or market rate. So long as this index or market rate is below a predetermined strike rate, the interest rate on the tiered index bond remains fixed. If, however, the specified index or market rate rises above the strike rate, the interest rate on the tiered index bond will decrease. In general, the interest rates on tiered index bonds and inverse floaters move in the opposite direction of prevailing interest rates. The market for inverse floaters and tiered index bonds is relatively new. These corporate debt obligations may have characteristics similar to those of mortgage-related securities, but corporate debt obligations, unlike mortgage-related securities, are not subject to prepayment risk other than through contractual call provisions that generally impose a penalty for prepayment.
A Funds investments in U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated corporate debt securities of domestic or foreign issuers are limited to corporate debt securities (corporate bonds, debentures, notes or other similar corporate debt instruments) which meet the minimum ratings criteria set forth for the Fund, or, if unrated, which are in the Advisers opinion comparable in quality to corporate debt securities in which the Fund may invest. These criteria are described in the Prospectus. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.
DELAYED FUNDING LOANS AND REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES
The Funds may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, in which a lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise decide to do so (including at a time when the companys financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). To the extent that a Fund is committed to advance additional funds, it will segregate assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are subject to credit, interest rate and liquidity risk of being a lender.
The Funds may invest in convertible securities of domestic or foreign issuers that meet the ratings criteria set forth in the Prospectus. A convertible security is a fixed-income security (a bond or preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specific period of time into a certain quantity of common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporations capital structure but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar non-convertible security), a convertible security also offers an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital attendant upon a market price advance in the convertible securitys underlying common stock.
In general, the market value of a convertible security is at least the higher of its investment value ( i.e. , its value as a fixed-income security) or its conversion value ( i.e. , its value upon conversion into its underlying stock). As a fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and tends to decrease in value when interest rates rise. However, the price of a convertible security is also influenced by the market value of the securitys underlying stock. The price of a convertible security tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, whereas it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in the stock of the same issuer.
With respect to the Strategic Income Fund, because the investment characteristics of each convertible security vary, that variety enables the Fund to use convertible securities in different ways to pursue its investment objective of maximizing long-term total return without tracking any particular markets or indices. For example, the Fund can invest in: convertible securities that provide a relatively high level of income, with less appreciation potential; convertible securities that have high appreciation potential and a relatively low level of income; or convertible securities that provide some combination of both income and appreciation potential.
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WARRANTS TO PURCHASE SECURITIES
The High Yield Bond Fund and Strategic Income Fund may invest in or acquire warrants to purchase equity or fixed income securities. Bonds with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible bonds and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. Bonds also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional fixed income securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit the Funds to buy additional bonds at the favorable rate or to sell the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would generally expire with no value.
The Ultra Short Bond Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Total Return Bond Fund, High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund, AlphaTrak 500 Fund and the Floating Rate Income Fund are authorized to lend their portfolio securities in an effort to increase the return and income on the Funds portfolio. A Fund that loans portfolio securities will typically loan those securities to well-known and recognized U.S. and foreign brokers, dealers and banks. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed one-third of the value of the Funds total assets. The Funds loans of securities will be collateralized by cash, letters of credit, government securities or qualifying liquid securities. The Funds will retain the right to all interest and dividends payable with respect to the loaned securities. If a Fund lends its portfolio securities it may charge the borrower a negotiated fee and retain the ability to terminate the loan at any time. In lending securities, a Fund will be subject to risks, including the potential inability to recall the loaned securities should the borrower fail financially, and the possible loss in market value of the collateral. While voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the Trusts Board of Trustees must be able to terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs.
The Funds may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, generally in connection with an underwriting or other offering. When-issued and delayed-delivery transactions occur when securities are bought with payment for and delivery of the securities scheduled to take place at a future time, beyond normal settlement dates, generally from 15 to 45 days after the transaction. The price that the Fund is obligated to pay on the settlement date may be different from the market value on that date. While securities may be sold prior to the settlement date, the Funds intend to purchase such securities with the purpose of actually acquiring them, unless a sale would be desirable for investment reasons. At the time the Fund makes a commitment to purchase a security on a when-issued basis, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security each day in determining the Funds net asset value. The Fund will also designate liquid securities, marked-to-market daily, equal in value to its obligations for when-issued securities.
If a Fund anticipates that the price of a security will decline, it may sell the security short and borrow the same security from a broker or other institution to complete the sale. The Fund may make a profit or loss depending upon whether the market price of the security decreases or increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund must replace the borrowed security. Until the security is replaced, the Fund generally is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would also increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker (or by the Funds custodian in a special custody account), to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will designate liquid securities at such a level that (i) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short and (ii) the amount designated plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the security at the time it was sold short.
The High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position if more than 33 1 / 3 % of the Funds total assets (taken at current value) are held as collateral for such sales at any one time.
The Funds may invest in residential or commercial mortgage-related securities, including mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), adjustable rate mortgage securities, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage-related securities, floating and inverse floating rate securities and tiered index bonds. CMOs and other mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by any of its agencies or instrumentalities will be considered U.S. Government securities for purposes of applying a Funds diversification and industry concentration tests. For purposes of a Funds industry concentration policy, the Funds may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer, security, underlying collateral and related obligors and then assign an industry or sector classification consistent with those characteristics. The Funds will generally, however, consider private mortgage-related securities (meaning those that are not considered U.S. Government securities) as not constituting any particular industry for purposes of the concentration limit.
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MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES: Mortgage pass-through securities represent interests in pools of mortgages in which payments of both principal and interest on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect passing through monthly payments made by borrowers on the residential or commercial mortgage loans which underlie the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). Mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Early payment of principal on mortgage pass-through securities (arising from prepayments of principal due to the sale of underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure, net of fees and costs which may be incurred) may expose a Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Also, if a security subject to repayment has been purchased at a premium, in the event of prepayment, the value of the premium would be lost.
There are currently three types of mortgage pass-through securities, (i) those issued by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the GNMA, the FNMA and the FHLMC; (ii) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities; and (iii) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by whole mortgage loans or pass-through securities without a government guarantee but usually having some form of private credit enhancement.
GNMA is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by the institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage banks), and backed by pools of FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed mortgages.
Obligations of FNMA and FHLMC are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government, a Fund must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment. FNMA and FHLMC may borrow from the U.S. Treasury to meet their obligations, but the U.S. Treasury is under no obligation to lend to FNMA or FHLMC.
Private mortgage pass-through securities are structured similarly to GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage pass-through securities and are issued by originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including depository institutions, mortgage banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Pools created by private mortgage pass-through issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the private pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. The insurance and guarantees and the credit worthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Funds investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. Private mortgage pass-through securities may be bought without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/services and poolers, the Adviser determines that the securities meet the Funds quality standards.
COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS: CMOs, including CMOs that have elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs), are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both bonds and mortgage pass-through securities. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by residential or commercial mortgage loans or residential or commercial mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and prepaid principal are generally paid monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage pass-through securities but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA. The issuer of a series of CMOs may elect to be treated for tax purposes as a REMIC. All future references to CMOs shall also be deemed to include REMICs.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes usually receive principal only after shorter classes have been retired. An investor may be partially protected against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
Issuers of CMOs generally are not considered investment companies because of available exclusions under the 1940 Act and, as a result, the Funds may invest in the securities of these issuers without the limitations imposed by the 1940 Act on investments by the Fund in other investment companies. In the unusual situation that a Fund invests in a CMO that does not meet the requirements of those exclusions or of any separate exemptive order the CMO may have obtained from the SEC, that Fund may not invest more than 10% of its assets in all such entities considered to be investment companies and may not acquire more than 3% of the voting securities of any single entity.
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The Funds also may invest in, among other things, parallel pay CMOs, Planned Amortization Class CMOs (PAC bonds), sequential pay CMOs, and floating rate CMOs. Parallel pay CMOs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. PAC bonds generally require payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date. Sequential pay CMOs generally pay principal to only one class while paying interest to several classes. Floating rate CMOs are securities whose coupon rate fluctuates according to some formula related to an existing mortgage index or rate. Typical indices would include the Eleventh District Cost-of-Funds Index, the London Interbank Offered Rate, one-year Treasury yields, and ten-year Treasury yields.
ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE SECURITIES: Adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMs) are pass-through securities collateralized by mortgages with adjustable rather than fixed rates. ARMs eligible for inclusion in a mortgage pool generally provide for a fixed initial mortgage interest rate for either the first three, six, twelve, thirteen, 36, or 60 scheduled monthly payments. Thereafter, the interest rates are subject to periodic adjustment based on changes to a designated benchmark index.
The ARMs contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security. In addition, certain ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount by which the mortgage interest may be adjusted for any single adjustment period. In the event that market rates of interest rise more rapidly to levels above that of the ARMs maximum rate, the ARMs coupon may represent a below market rate of interest. In these circumstances, the market value of the ARM security will likely have fallen.
Some ARMs contain limitations on changes in the required monthly payment. In the event that a monthly payment is not sufficient to pay the interest accruing on an ARM, any such excess interest is added to the principal balance of the mortgage loan, which is repaid through future monthly payments. If the monthly payment for such an instrument exceeds the sum of the interest accrued at the applicable mortgage interest rate and the principal payment required at such point to amortize the outstanding principal balance over the remaining term of the loan, the excess is then utilized to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the ARM.
CMO RESIDUALS: CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In part, the yield to maturity on the CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (IO) class of stripped mortgage-related securities. See Stripped Mortgage- Related Securities below. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-related securities, in certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has recently developed and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may or, pursuant to an exemption, may not have been registered under the Securities Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the Securities Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed illiquid and subject to a Funds limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
STRIPPED MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES: Stripped mortgage-related securities (SMRS) are derivative multi- class mortgage securities. SMRS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMRS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMRS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest, (the IO class), while the other class will receive the entire principal (the principal-only or PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Funds yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
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SMRS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Although the market for these securities is increasingly liquid, the Adviser may determine that certain stripped mortgage-backed securities issued by the U. S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities are not readily marketable. If so, these securities, together with privately- issued stripped mortgage- backed securities, will be considered illiquid and subject to a Funds limitations on investment in illiquid securities. The Funds also may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities that are privately issued. The liquidity of these securities will be determined in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Board.
INVERSE FLOATERS: An inverse floater is a debt instrument with a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction to the interest rate on another security or index level. Changes in the interest rate on the other security or index inversely affect the residual interest rate paid on the inverse floater, with the result that the inverse floaters price will be considerably more volatile than that of a fixed-rate bond. Inverse floaters may experience gains when interest rates fall and may suffer losses in periods of rising interest rates. The market for inverse floaters is relatively new.
TIERED INDEX BONDS: Tiered index bonds are relatively new forms of mortgage-related securities. The interest rate on a tiered index bond is tied to a specified index or market rate. So long as this index or market rate is below a predetermined strike rate, the interest rate on the tiered index bond remains fixed. If, however, the specified index or market rate rises above the strike rate, the interest rate of the tiered index bond will decrease. Thus, under these circumstances, the interest rate on a tiered index bond, like an inverse floater, will move in the opposite direction of prevailing interest rates, with the result that the price of the tiered index bond may be considerably more volatile than that of a fixed-rate bond.
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES (RMBS SECURITIES): Beginning in early 2008, the U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities market, particularly the portion commonly referred to as subprime, was well into a period of extreme stress and dislocation. Most market participants believe this stress to be the result of years of excessive volume growth in residential mortgage loans (which will be referred to in this paragraph as Loans or, individually, as a Loan) and a sharp deterioration of Loan quality. The phrase subprime refers to a Loan given to a borrower with a poor or no credit history and usually includes one or more aggressive Loan terms such as a high Loan-to-value ratio. Such Loans carry a higher degree of risk than other Loans, and, therefore, a higher probability of default. Credit and other structural enhancements provided within residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS Securities) backed in whole or in part by subprime Loans (such RMBS Securities, Subprime RMBS) were intended to incorporate this higher degree of risk. Such enhancements were provided as a protection to holders of such Subprime RMBS. However, the current market prices of these Subprime RMBS and the delinquencies and defaults of their underlying Loans imply that many of these Subprime RMBS do not have adequate credit protection and may indeed suffer further partial or a complete loss of principal. Credit rating agencies have downgraded tens of billions of dollars of RMBS Securities and CDOs that include Subprime RMBS and other RMBS Securities and additional downgrades are expected. Some or all of the principal may be lost in these Subprime RMBS. While such Subprime RMBS will be purchased with the expectation of a potential for a positive long-term internal rate of return, it is possible that a prolonged period of continued stress and dislocation in the subprime residential mortgage sector will have a negative impact on the short-term liquidity and market pricing of these assets. Such effects have the potential to adversely impact the short-term and long-term liquidity and returns of the Funds.
The Funds may invest in securities issued by trusts and special purpose corporations with principal and interest payouts backed by, or supported by, any of various types of assets. These assets typically include receivables related to the purchase of automobiles, credit card loans, and home equity loans. These securities generally take the form of a structured type of security, including pass-through, pay-through, and stripped interest payout structures similar to the CMO structure. Investments in these and other types of asset-backed securities must be consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Funds.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO INVESTING IN MORTGAGE-RELATED AND ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
The yield characteristics of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying mortgage loans or other assets generally may be prepaid at any time. As a result, if the Funds purchase such a security at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity. Alternatively, if the Funds purchase these securities at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than expected prepayments will reduce, yield to maturity. The Funds may invest a portion of their assets in derivative mortgage-related securities that are highly sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest rates. The Adviser will seek to manage these risks (and potential benefits) by diversifying its investments in such securities and through hedging techniques.
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During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of mortgages underlying mortgage-related securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, a Funds ability to maintain positions in high-yielding mortgage-related securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from such prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable rates is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. Prepayments may also result in the realization of capital losses with respect to higher yielding securities that had been bought at a premium or the loss of opportunity to realize capital gains in the future from possible future appreciation.
Asset-backed securities involve certain risks that are not posed by mortgage-related securities, resulting mainly from the fact that asset-backed securities do not usually contain the complete benefit of a security interest in the related collateral. For example, credit card receivables generally are unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, some of which may reduce the ability to obtain full payment. In the case of automobile receivables, due to various legal and economic factors, proceeds from repossessed collateral may not always be sufficient to support payments on these securities.
COLLATERALIZED BOND OBLIGATIONS (CBOs), COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS (CLOs) AND OTHER COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (CDOs)
The Funds may invest in CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs, which are debt instruments backed solely by a pool of other debt securities. The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities (which would have the risks described elsewhere in this document for that type of security) and the class of the CBO, CLO or other CDO in which a Fund invests. Some CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold (that is, not registered under the securities laws) and may be characterized by the Funds as illiquid securities, but an active dealer market may exist for CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal interest rate, default and other risks of fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this document, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks, including the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default, the Funds may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes, volatility in values, and the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
Bank obligations in which the Funds may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances and time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specific return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits.
Obligations of foreign banks involve somewhat different risks than those affecting obligations of United States banks, including the possibility that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of United States banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal or interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks that differ from those applicable to United States banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.
Municipal bonds (also municipal securities or municipal obligations) generally are issued by states and local governments and their agencies, authorities and other instrumentalities. Municipal obligations include obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including constructing a wide range of public facilities, such as bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools and streets. Other public purposes for which municipal obligations may be issued include the refunding of outstanding obligations, the obtaining of funds for general operating expenses and the making of loans to other public institutions and facilities. In addition, certain types of industrial development bonds (IDBs) and private activity bonds (PABs) are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately operated facilities, including certain pollution control facilities, convention or trade show facilities, and airport, mass transit, port or parking facilities.
The two principal classifications of municipal obligations are general obligation and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuers pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power. Revenue bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source such as the corporate user of the facility being financed. IDBs and PABs are usually revenue bonds and are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of the issuer. The credit quality of IDBs and PABs is usually directly related to the credit standing of the corporate user of the facilities.
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The ability of state, county or local governments to meet their obligations will depend primarily on the availability of tax and other revenues to those governments and on their fiscal conditions generally. The amounts of tax and other revenues available to governmental issuers may be affected from time to time by economic, political and demographic conditions within or outside of the particular state. In addition, constitutional or statutory restrictions may limit a governments power to raise revenues or increase taxes.
Municipal bonds are subject to interest rate, credit and market risk. Because of how they are issued, municipal bonds also are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation, various political events, local business or economic conditions, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuers ability to make payments of principal and/or interest. Lower rated municipal bonds generally are subject to greater credit and market risk than higher quality municipal bonds. The types of municipal bonds in which the Funds may invest include municipal lease obligations. The Funds may also invest in industrial development bonds, which are municipal bonds issued by a government agency on behalf of a private sector company and, in most cases, are not backed by the credit of the issuing municipality and may therefore involve more risk. The Funds may also invest in securities issued by entities whose underlying assets are municipal bonds.
The Funds may invest, without limitation, in residual interest bonds (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters) (RIBs), which brokers create by depositing municipal bonds into a trust. The trust in turn issues a variable rate security and RIBs. The interest rate for the variable rate security is determined by an index or an auction process held approximately every 7 to 35 days, while the RIB holder receives the balance of the income from the underlying municipal bond less an auction fee. The market prices of RIBs may be highly sensitive to changes in market rates and may decrease significantly when market rates increase. In a transaction in which a Fund purchases a RIB from a trust, and the underlying municipal bond was held by the Fund prior to being deposited into the trust, the Fund treats the transaction as a secured borrowing for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the Fund will incur a non-cash interest expense with respect to interest paid by the trust on the variable rate securities, and will recognize additional interest income in an amount directly corresponding to the non-cash interest expense. Therefore, the Funds net asset value per share and performance are not affected by the non-cash interest expense. This accounting treatment does not apply to RIBs acquired by the Funds where the Funds did not previously own the underlying municipal bond.
BANK LOANS; PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS
The Funds may purchase participations in commercial loans, or may purchase assignments of these loans. This indebtedness may be secured or unsecured. Loan participations typically represent direct participation in a loan made to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Funds may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, a Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The participation interests in which a Fund intends to invest may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service. Participations and assignments also involve special types of risk, including interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and the risks of being a lender. If the Fund purchases a participation, it may be able to enforce its rights only through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of the lender in addition to the borrower.
A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions that are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institutions employment as agent bank might be terminated if it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of a Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent banks general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions ( e.g. , an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Funds share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer a Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrowers obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated.
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The Funds may invest in loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owned. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, a Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
Loan assignments, loan participations, delayed funding loans, revolving credit facilities, bridge loans and other types of direct indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Adviser believes to be a fair price. Certain types of loans, such as bridge loans (especially those in which the High Yield Bond Fund may invest) may provide certain types of equity features such as warrants and conversion rights. Those equity-type instruments and investments involve additional risks of an investment in equity, including potentially significant changes in value, difficulty in accurately valuing them, a lack of liquidity, and a significant loss on the investment, and the possibility that the particular right could expire worthless if not exercised.
In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining a Funds net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Funds daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness continues to develop, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. In addition, the Funds currently intend to treat indebtedness for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the Funds limitation on illiquid investments. To the extent this is the case, a Fund would consider the loan participation as illiquid and subject to the Funds restriction on investing no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. (See also the discussion entitled Illiquid Securities.)
Each Fund limits the amount of it total assets that it will invest in any one issuer or in issuers within the same industry (see Investment Restrictions). For purposes of these limits, a Fund will generally treat the corporate borrower as the issuer of indebtedness held by the Fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between the Fund and the corporate borrower, SEC interpretations require the Fund to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as issuers for the purpose of determining whether the Fund has invested more than 5% of its total assets in a single issuer. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict the Funds ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Adviser believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining a Funds net asset value than if the value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the Funds daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. In addition, the Funds currently intend to treat indebtedness for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the Funds limitation on illiquid investments. The liquidity of each loan investment will be reviewed according to the requirements of the Funds Board approved liquidity policy. Investments in loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of any investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by a Fund.
Investments in loans through a direct assignment of the financial institutions interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks to the Funds. In an assignment, the Funds would acquire a contractual relationship with the borrower and associated rights against that borrower. For example, if the loan is foreclosed, a Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a Fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation.
In addition to the asset-backed securities, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs and mortgage-related securities (including tiered index bonds and inverse floaters) which may be purchased by the Funds, the Funds may utilize certain other financial instruments with performance derived from the performance of an underlying asset (derivatives). Each Fund may, but is not required to, use derivative instruments for risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. The Funds might not employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. The use of derivatives in general may be subject to management risk, credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, lack of availability or other unanticipated risks.
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Derivatives utilized by a Fund may involve the purchase and sale of derivative instruments. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying instruments, including equity and debt securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies and other assets. Certain derivative instruments which a Fund may use and the risks of those instruments are described in further detail elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. A Fund may in the future also utilize derivatives techniques, instruments and strategies that may be newly developed or permitted as a result of regulatory changes, consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies. Such newly developed techniques, instruments and strategies may involve risks different than or in addition to those described herein. No assurance can be given that any derivatives strategy employed by a Fund will be successful.
The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments underlying such derivatives. Derivatives are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from other portfolio investments. The use of derivative instruments requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself. Certain risk factors generally applicable to derivative transactions are described below.
Derivatives are subject to the risk that the market value of the derivative itself or the market value of underlying instruments will change in a way adverse to a Funds interests. A Fund bears the risk that the Advisor may incorrectly forecast future market trends and other financial or economic factors or the value of the underlying security, index, interest rate or currency when establishing a derivatives position for the Fund.
Derivatives may be subject to pricing or basis risk, which exists when a derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or corresponding instruments. Under such market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.
Many derivatives are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a Fund.
Using derivatives as a hedge against a portfolio investment subjects a Fund to the risk that the derivative will have imperfect correlation with the portfolio investment, which could result in the Fund incurring substantial losses. This correlation risk may be greater in the case of derivatives based on an index or other basket of securities, as the portfolio securities being hedged may not duplicate the components of the underlying index or the basket may not be of exactly the same type of obligation as those underlying the derivative. The use of derivatives for cross hedging purposes (using a derivative based on one instrument as a hedge on a different instrument) may also involve greater correlation risks.
While using derivatives for hedging purposes can reduce a Funds risk of loss, it may also limit the Funds opportunity for gains or result in losses by offsetting or limiting the Funds ability to participate in favorable price movements in portfolio investments.
Derivatives transactions for non-hedging purposes involve greater risks and may result in losses which would not be offset by increases in the value of portfolio securities or declines in the cost of securities to be acquired. In the event that a Fund enters into a derivatives transaction as an alternative to purchasing or selling the underlying instrument or in order to obtain desired exposure to an index or market, the Fund will be exposed to the same risks as are incurred in purchasing or selling the underlying instruments directly.
The use of certain derivatives transaction involves the risk of loss resulting from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party to the contract ( i.e. , the counterparty) or the failure by the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. In the event of default by a counterparty, a Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreement related to the transaction.
Liquidity risk exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, a Fund may be unable to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.
Certain derivatives transactions are not entered into or traded on exchanges or in markets regulated by the CFTC or the SEC. Instead, such over-the-counter ( OTC ) derivatives are entered into directly by the counterparties and may be traded only through financial institutions acting as market makers. OTC derivatives transactions can only be entered into with a willing counterparty that is approved by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. Where no such counterparty is available, a Fund will be unable to enter into a desired transaction. There also may be greater risk that no liquid secondary market in the trading of OTC derivatives will exist, in which case the liquidity that is afforded to exchange participants will not be available to the Fund as a participant in OTC derivatives transactions. OTC derivatives transactions are not subject to the guarantee of an exchange or clearinghouse and as a result a Fund would bear greater risk of default by the counterparties to such transactions.
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A Fund may be required to make physical delivery of portfolio securities underlying a derivative in order to close out a derivatives position or to sell portfolio securities at a time or price at which it may be disadvantageous to do so in order to obtain cash to close out or to maintain a derivatives position.
As a result of the structure of certain derivatives, adverse changes in the value of the underlying instrument can result in losses substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.
Certain derivatives may be considered illiquid and therefore subject to a Funds limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
Derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States may not be conducted in the same manner as those entered into on U.S. exchanges, and may be subject to different margin, exercise, settlement or expiration procedures. Brokerage commissions, clearing costs and other transaction costs may be higher on foreign exchanges. Many of the risks of OTC derivatives transactions are also applicable to derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States. Derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States are subject to the risk of governmental action affecting the trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. The value of such positions could be adversely affected by foreign political and economic factors; lesser availability of data on which to make trading decisions; delays on a Funds ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets; and less liquidity than U.S. markets.
Currency derivatives are subject to additional risks. Currency derivatives transactions may be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations. Currency exchange rates may be influenced by factors extrinsic to a countrys economy. There is not systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to foreign currencies. As a result, the available information on which trading in currency derivatives will be based may not be as complete as comparable data for other transactions. Events could occur in the foreign currency market which will not be reflected in currency derivatives until the following day, making it more difficult for a Fund to respond to such events in a timely manner.
The Funds may purchase and write call and put options on securities, securities indices and on foreign currencies, and enter into futures contracts and use options on futures contracts. The Funds also may enter into swap agreements with other institutional investors with respect to corporate securities, foreign currencies, interest rates, and securities indices, to name just a few of the various types of swap transactions. The Funds may use these techniques to hedge against changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or securities prices or as part of their overall investment strategies. Each Fund will maintain designated assets consisting of cash, U.S. Government securities, equity securities or other liquid, unencumbered assets that are permitted under applicable laws and regulations to be used for this purpose (including net proceeds from purchases and redemptions of Fund shares that have not settled but are expected to timely settle in the usual way), marked-to-market daily (or, as permitted by applicable regulation, enter into certain offsetting positions), to cover its obligations under options, futures contracts and swap agreements to avoid leveraging the Fund. The value of some derivative investments in which the Funds invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates or securities prices. A Funds ability to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part on the Advisers ability to forecast correctly the movement of interest rates, securities prices and other economic factors. Should the Adviser incorrectly forecast those factors, and take positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Funds could lose value and experience substantial volatility. A Fund may invest up to 15% of its total assets in premiums and margins on options and futures, except for the AlphaTrak 500, Unconstrained Bond Fund and Strategic Income Funds that may invest at a higher level otherwise consistent with the Prospectus, this SAI and applicable law. (See Limitations on Use of Futures, Options and Swaps below.)
The Funds may buy or sell interest rate futures contracts, options on interest rate futures contracts and options on debt securities for the purpose of hedging against changes in the value of securities which a Fund owns or anticipates purchasing due to anticipated changes in interest rates. The Funds also may engage in currency exchange transactions by means of buying or selling foreign currency on a spot basis, entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, and buying and selling foreign currency options, futures and options on futures. Foreign currency exchange transactions may be entered into for the purpose of hedging against foreign currency exchange risk arising from the Funds investment or anticipated investment in securities denominated in foreign currencies.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES AND ON SECURITIES INDEXES: A Fund may purchase put options on securities to seek to protect holdings in an underlying or related security against a substantial decline in market value. A Fund may purchase call options on securities to seek to protect against substantial increases in prices of securities the Fund intends to purchase pending its ability to invest in such securities in an orderly manner. A Fund may sell put or call options it has previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option which is sold. A Fund may write a call or put option only if the option is covered by the Funds holding a position in the underlying securities or by other means which would permit immediate satisfaction of the Funds obligation as writer of the option. Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series.
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The purchase and writing of options involves certain risks. During the option period, the covered call writer has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying securities above the sum of the premium and exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying securities decline. The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying securities at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security, in the case of a put, remains equal to or greater than the exercise price or, in the case of a call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options markets, a Fund may be unable to close out a position.
Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes . As mentioned above, there are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If a Fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise.
If trading were suspended in an option purchased by a Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it had purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Funds securities during the period the option was outstanding.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS: A Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency or index futures contracts, as specified for that Fund in the Prospectus. An interest rate, foreign currency or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies, including but not limited to: the S&P 500; the S&P 100; the S&P Midcap 400; the Nikkei 225; the NYSE composite; U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; GNMA Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as Euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded by the Funds in the future.
A Fund may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
Each Fund will use futures contracts and options on futures contracts in accordance with the applicable rules of the CFTC under which the Trust and the Funds avoid being deemed a commodity pool and the Adviser being deemed a commodity pool operator. Because of these plans, the Funds have claimed the applicable exemptions under CFTC Rules and are not registered as commodity pool operators. Accordingly, each Fund intends generally to limit its use of futures contracts and futures options as described below under Limitations on Use of Futures, Options and Swaps.
The Funds generally will use futures for hedging and other purposes described in the Prospectus and elsewhere in this SAI. Hedging purposes include gaining exposure to desired investments or markets rather than making direct investments in the underlying securities or instruments. The AlphaTrak 500 Fund uses futures in an effort to achieve total return greater than the S&P 500 Index (and as such, hedges S&P 500 Index exposure), as described in the Prospectus. With respect to hedging transactions, for example, a Fund might use futures contracts to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates that might adversely affect either the value of the Funds securities or the price of the securities that the Fund intends to purchase. A Funds hedging activities may include sales of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected increases in interest rates, and purchases of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates. Although other techniques could be used to reduce a Funds exposure to interest rate fluctuations, the Fund may be able to hedge its exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost by using futures contracts and futures options.
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A Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options that are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system. The Funds might, but do not expect to, engage in futures trading based on tangible assets.
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a specified amount of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees (initial margin). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. Margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than U.S. exchanges. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Each Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called variation margin, equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as marking to market. Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by a Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, each Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.
A Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
The Funds may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Funds immediate obligations. A Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Funds will also designate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
Risks Associated with Futures and Futures Options . There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts and futures options as hedging techniques, in addition to those described above. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the hedging vehicle and in the Fund securities being hedged. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve its objectives. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures and futures options on securities, including technical influences in futures trading and futures options, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities and creditworthiness of issuers. A decision as to whether, when and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends.
Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts, and Forward Currency Exchange Contracts and Options Thereon . Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Trusts ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
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LIMITATIONS ON USE OF FUTURES, OPTIONS, AND SWAPS. The Funds generally will enter into positions in futures contracts, options on futures and foreign currency, forward contracts on financial commodities, and swaps only for bona fide hedging purposes as defined by the rules of the CFTC. With respect to positions in such futures, options, forwards, and swaps that do not constitute bona fide hedging, a Fund will only enter into such contracts to the extent permitted by the regulations of the CFTC and so that the aggregate net notional value or obligation of all futures contracts does not exceed the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and losses. This means that, with respect to forwards and futures that are not contractually required to settle for cash, a Fund must cover its open contract positions by setting aside liquid assets equal to the contracts full notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to settle for cash, a Fund may, however, instead set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligation (that is, any net liability) rather than the notional value. Using this net liability or market value to determine the amount of liquid assets to set aside allows a Fund to employ greater leverage.
A call option is in-the-money if the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option exceeds the exercise price. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price exceeds the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option. There is no other percentage limitation on a Funds use of options, futures and options thereon, except for the limitation on foreign currency option contracts described below.
When purchasing a futures contract, a Fund will designate (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, that, when added to the amounts deposited with (or for the benefit of) a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the market value of the futures contract as described above. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract held by the Fund.
When selling a futures contract, a Fund will designate (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees that are equal to the market value of the instruments underlying the contract, or the related liability as described above. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract (or, in the case of an index futures contract, a portfolio with a volatility substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Trusts custodian).
When selling a call option on a futures contract, a Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, that, when added to the amounts deposited with (or for the benefit of) a futures commission merchant as margin, equal the total market value of the futures contract underlying the call option as described above. Alternatively, the Fund may cover its position by entering into a long position in the same futures contract at a price no higher than the strike price of the call option, by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract, or by holding a separate call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price not higher than the strike price of the call option sold by the Fund.
When selling a put option on a futures contract, a Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, that equal the purchase price of the futures contract, less any margin on deposit. Alternatively, the Fund may cover the position either by entering into a short position in the same futures contract, or by owning a separate put option permitting it to sell the same futures contract so long as the strike price of the purchased put option is the same or higher than the strike price of the put option sold by the Fund.
To the extent that securities with maturities greater than one year are used to establish and collateralize or cover a Funds obligations under futures contracts and related options, such use will not eliminate the risk of a form of leverage, which may tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Funds portfolio, and may require liquidation of portfolio positions when it is not advantageous to do so. However, any potential risk of leverage resulting from the use of securities with maturities greater than one year may be mitigated by the overall duration limit on a Funds portfolio securities. Thus, the use of a longer-term security may require a Fund to hold offsetting short-term securities to balance the Funds portfolio such that the Funds duration does not exceed the maximum permitted for the Fund in the Prospectus.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company also may limit the extent to which a Fund may enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts. See Dividends and Tax Status.
SWAP AGREEMENTS . The Funds may enter into various swap agreements, including (but not limited to) credit default, interest rate, total return, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements. These transactions attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to a Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods
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ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, i.e. , the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. Forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or cap; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or floor; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
Most swap agreements entered into by the Funds calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a net basis. Consequently, a Funds current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the net amount). A Funds current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a designated account consisting of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, to avoid any potential leveraging of the Funds portfolio. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be senior securities for purposes of the Funds investment restriction concerning senior securities. Swap agreements are subject to the Funds overall limit that no more than 15% of net assets may be invested in illiquid securities, although a swap agreement may be deemed to be liquid pursuant to policies approved by the Funds Board of Trustees. A Fund will not enter into a swap agreement with any single party if the net amount owed or to be received under existing contracts with that party would exceed 5% of the Funds assets at time of purchase.
Whether a Funds use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Advisers ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Whether a particular swap is liquid is assessed on a case by case basis under guidelines and standards established by the Funds Board of Trustees. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Funds will enter into swap agreements that are not cleared through a recognized market only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness (generally, such counterparties would have to be eligible counterparties under the terms of the Funds repurchase agreement guidelines). Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) may limit the Funds ability to use swap agreements. The portions of the swaps market involving swaps that are not cleared through a central market are largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including further government regulation, could adversely affect a Funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. There can be no assurance that a Funds use of swap agreements will assist it in meeting its investment objectives.
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP CONTRACTS: Each Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. The buyer in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic, stream of payments over the term of the contract provided no event of default by a selected entity (or entities) has occurred. In the event of default, the seller must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the reference obligation in exchange for the reference obligation. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing. However, if an event of default occurs, the buyer receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default event. If an event of default occurs, the seller may pay the notional value of the reference obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to risks such as but not limited to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks.
INTEREST RATE SWAP CONTRACTS: A Fund may also enter into interest rate swaps, which involve the exchange of interest payments by the Fund with another party, such as an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed interest rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. If the Adviser is incorrect in its interest rate forecasts and/or an interest rate swap used as a hedge negates a favorable interest rate movement, the investment performance of a Fund would be less than what it would have been if the Fund had not entered into the interest rate swap.
TOTAL RETURN SWAP CONTRACTS: Each Fund may enter into total return swap agreements. Total Return Swap is the generic name for any non-traditional swap where one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset, usually in return for receiving a stream of LIBOR based cash flows. The Total Return Swap may be applied to any underlying asset but is most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined portfolios of loans and mortgages. The Total Return Swap is a mechanism for the user to accept the economic benefits of asset ownership without utilizing the balance sheet. The other leg of the swap, usually LIBOR, is spread to reflect the non-balance sheet nature of the product. Total Return Swaps can be designed with any underlying asset agreed between two parties. No notional amounts are exchanged with Total Return Swaps.
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STRUCTURED NOTES : Structured notes are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities may include a multiplier that multiplies the indexed element by a specified factor and, therefore, the value of such securities may be very volatile. To the extent a Fund invests in these securities, however, the Adviser analyzes these securities in its overall assessment of the effective duration of the Funds portfolio in an effort to monitor the Funds interest rate risk.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS AND RELATED RISKS : The Funds may take positions in options on foreign currencies to hedge against the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on foreign securities the Funds hold in their portfolios or intend to purchase. For example, if a Fund were to enter into a contract to purchase securities denominated in a foreign currency, it could effectively fix the maximum U.S. dollar cost of the securities by purchasing call options on that foreign currency. Similarly, if a Fund held securities denominated in a foreign currency and anticipated a decline in the value of that currency against the U.S. dollar, it could hedge against such a decline by purchasing a put option on the currency involved. The markets in foreign currency options are relatively new, and a Funds ability to establish and close out positions in such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular option at any specific time. In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
No Fund will enter into foreign currency option contracts if the premiums on such options exceed 5% of the Funds total assets.
The quantities of currencies underlying option contracts represent odd lots in a market dominated by transactions between banks, and as a result extra transaction costs may be incurred upon exercise of an option.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information is generally representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and may not reflect smaller transactions where rates may be less favorable. Option markets may be closed while round-the-clock interbank currency markets are open, and this can create price and rate discrepancies.
RISKS OF OPTIONS TRADING : The Funds may effectively terminate their rights or obligations under options by entering into closing transactions. Closing transactions permit a Fund to realize profits or limit losses on its options positions prior to the exercise or expiration of the option. The value of a foreign currency option depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Other factors affecting the value of an option are the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to market price, the historical price volatility of the underlying currency and general market conditions. As a result, changes in the value of an option position may have no relationship to the investment merit of a foreign security. Whether a profit or loss is realized on a closing transaction depends on the price movement of the underlying currency and the market value of the option.
Options normally have expiration dates of up to nine months. The exercise price may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying currency. Options that expire unexercised have no value, and a Fund will realize a loss of any premium paid and any transaction costs. Closing transactions may be effected only by negotiating directly with the other party to the option contract, unless a secondary market for the options develops. Although the Funds intend to enter into foreign currency options only with dealers which agree to enter into, and which are expected to be capable of entering into, closing transactions with the Funds, there can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to liquidate an option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counter-party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a foreign currency option. Accordingly, it may not be possible to effect closing transactions with respect to certain options, with the result that a Fund would have to exercise those options that it had purchased in order to realize any profit.
FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS : The Funds may use forward contracts to protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates. The Funds will not speculate with forward contracts or foreign currency exchange rates.
A Fund may enter into forward contracts with respect to specific transactions. For example, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, or when a Fund anticipates the receipt in a foreign currency of dividend or interest payments on a security that it holds, the Fund may desire to lock in the U.S. dollar price of the security or the U.S. dollar equivalent of the payment, by entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or foreign currency, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying transaction. A Fund will thereby be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the currency exchange rates during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
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A Fund also may use forward contracts in connection with portfolio positions to lock in the U.S. dollar value of those positions, to increase the Funds exposure to foreign currencies that the Adviser believes may rise in value relative to the U.S. dollar or to shift the Funds exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. For example, when the Adviser believes that the currency of a particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline relative to the U.S. dollar or another currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell the amount of the former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Funds portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This investment practice generally is referred to as cross-hedging when another foreign currency is used.
The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot ( i.e. , cash) market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver and if a decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security if its market value exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain. Forward contracts involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted, causing the Fund to sustain losses on these contracts and transaction costs. A Fund may enter into forward contracts or maintain a net exposure to such contracts only if (1) the consummation of the contracts would not obligate the Fund to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of the Funds portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or (2) the Fund designates liquid assets in an amount not less than the value of the Funds total assets committed to the consummation of the contracts. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for currency parities will be incorporated into the longer-term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification strategies. However, the Adviser believes it is important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward contracts when it determines that the best interests of a Fund will be served.
At or before the maturity date of a forward contract that requires a Fund to sell a currency, the Fund either may sell a portfolio security and use the sale proceeds to make delivery of the currency or retain the security and offset its contractual obligation to deliver the currency by purchasing a second contract pursuant to which the Fund will obtain, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the currency that it is obligated to deliver. Similarly, a Fund may close out a forward contract requiring it to purchase a specified currency by entering into a second contract entitling it to sell the same amount of the same currency on the maturity date of the first contract. The Fund would realize a gain or loss as a result of entering into such an offsetting forward contract under either circumstance to the extent the exchange rate between the currencies involved moved between the execution dates of the first and second contracts.
The cost to the Fund of engaging in forward contracts varies with factors such as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. The use of forward contracts does not eliminate fluctuations in the prices of the underlying securities the Fund owns or intends to acquire, but it does fix a rate of exchange in advance. In addition, although forward contracts limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time they limit any potential gain that might result should the value of the currencies increase.
Although the Funds value their assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, they do not intend to convert holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. The Funds may convert foreign currency from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs of currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to a Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Each Fund (other than the Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund, which are not subject to this limitation) may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers that are denominated in U.S. dollars. Investments in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars by the Funds (other than the Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund) will be limited to a maximum of 15% of each Funds total assets. The Unconstrained Bond Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund may invest, without limitation, in securities of foreign issuers. Investments by the Unconstrained Bond Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars will be limited to a maximum of 40% of the respective Funds total assets. The Strategic Income Fund may invest up to 30% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers that are not denominated in U.S. dollars. Foreign economies may differ from the U.S. economy; individual foreign companies may differ from domestic companies in the same industry; and foreign currencies may be stronger or weaker than the U.S. dollar. The Adviser believes that the ability to invest abroad will enable the Funds to take advantage of these differences when they are favorable.
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Fixed-income securities that may be purchased by the Funds include debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, their subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, or by supranational entities that have been constituted by the governments of several countries to promote economic development, such as The World Bank and The Asian Development Bank. Foreign investment in certain foreign government debt is restricted or controlled to varying degrees.
The Funds may also invest in fixed-income securities of issuers located in emerging foreign markets; provided, however, that the Funds may invest up to only 10% (50% for the Unconstrained Bond Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund) of their total assets in emerging foreign market securities. Emerging markets generally include every country in the world other than the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore and most Western European countries. In determining what countries constitute emerging markets, the Adviser will consider, among other things, data, analysis and classification of countries published or disseminated by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) and the International Financial Corporation. Currently, investing in many emerging markets may not be desirable or feasible, because of the lack of adequate custody arrangements for a Funds assets, overly burdensome repatriation and similar restrictions, the lack of organized and liquid securities markets, unacceptable political risks or other reasons. As opportunities to invest in securities in emerging markets develop, the Funds expect to expand and further broaden the group of emerging markets in which they invest.
From time to time, emerging markets have offered the opportunity for higher returns in exchange for a higher level of risk. Accordingly, the Adviser believes that each Funds ability to invest in emerging markets throughout the world may enable the achievement of results superior to those produced by funds, with similar objectives to those of the Funds that invest solely in securities in developed markets. There is no assurance that any Fund will achieve these results.
The Funds may invest in the following types of emerging market fixed-income securities: (a) fixed-income securities issued or guaranteed by governments, their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, or by government-owned, controlled or sponsored entities, including central banks (collectively, Sovereign Debt), including Brady Bonds (described below); (b) interests in issuers organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of Sovereign Debt; (c) fixed-income securities issued by banks and other business entities; and (d) fixed-income securities denominated in or indexed to the currencies of emerging markets. Fixed-income securities held by the Funds may take the form of bonds, notes, bills, debentures, bank debt obligations, short-term paper, loan participations, assignments and interests issued by entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of any of the foregoing. There is no requirement with respect to the maturity of fixed-income securities in which the Funds may invest.
The Funds may invest in Brady Bonds and other Sovereign Debt of countries that have restructured or are in the process of restructuring Sovereign Debt pursuant to the Brady Plan. Brady Bonds are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external commercial bank indebtedness. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The Brady Plan framework, as it has developed, contemplates the exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds may also be issued in respect of new money being advanced by existing lenders in connection with the debt restructuring. The World Bank and/or the IMF support the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other agreements which enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to repurchase outstanding bank debt at a discount.
Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of its debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy towards the IMF and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtors obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtors ability or willingness to timely service its debts. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt.
Holders of sovereign debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on that debt.
Emerging market fixed-income securities generally are considered to be of a credit quality below investment grade, even though they often are not rated by any nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. Investment in emerging market fixed-income securities will be allocated among various countries based upon the Advisers analysis of credit risk and its consideration of a number of factors, including: prospects for relative economic growth among the different countries in which the Funds may invest;
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expected levels of inflation; government policies influencing business conditions; the outlook for currency relationships; and the range of the individual investment opportunities available to international investors. The Advisers emerging market sovereign credit analysis includes an evaluation of the issuing countrys total debt levels, currency reserve levels, net exports/imports, overall economic growth, level of inflation, currency fluctuation, political and social climate and payment history. Particular fixed-income securities will be selected based upon credit risk analysis of potential issuers, the characteristics of the security and interest rate sensitivity of the various debt issues available with respect to a particular issuer, analysis of the anticipated volatility and liquidity of the particular debt instruments, and the tax implications to the Fund. The emerging market fixed-income securities in which the Funds may invest are not subject to any minimum credit quality standards.
Investments in emerging market and other foreign securities involve certain risk considerations not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including: (a) currency devaluations, other currency exchange rate fluctuations, or the imposition of currency controls; (b) political uncertainty and instability, including circumstances that lead to scenarios such as but not limited to the privatization and confiscation of invested assets; (c) more substantial government involvement in the economy; (d) higher rates of inflation; (e) less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; (f) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (g) greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller capitalization of securities markets; (h) absence of uniform accounting and auditing standards; (i) generally higher commission expenses; (j) delay in settlement of securities transactions; and (k) greater difficulty in enforcing shareholder rights and remedies.
A Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in repurchase agreements that have a maturity of longer than seven days or in other illiquid securities, including securities that are illiquid by virtue of the absence of a readily available market (either within or outside of the United States) or legal or contractual restrictions of resale. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act, securities that are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements that have a maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered under the Securities Act generally are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illegal securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. A mutual fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities. Currently the Funds may invest in securities issued in private placements. The Funds also may invest in mezzanine securities that are placed between debt and equity in a companys capital structure. These securities are typically subordinated debt instruments for late stage venture and mature companies and may offer income through a current coupon and equity participation through a warrant. In addition to being subject to credit risk, mezzanine securities are generally considered less liquid.
Over a period of years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities, convertible securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuers ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments.
Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows for a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on resale to the general public. The market for Rule 144A securities is active and liquid as a result of automated systems for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers, such as the PORTAL Alliance platform sponsored by various securities industry participants.
Restricted securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and commercial paper for which there is a readily available market will not be deemed to be illiquid. The Adviser will monitor the liquidity of such restricted securities subject to the supervision of the Trustees. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser will consider the following factors, among other considerations: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer). In addition, in order for commercial paper that is issued in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act to be considered liquid, (i) it must be rated in one or two of the highest rating categories by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSRO), or if only one NRSRO rates the securities, by that NRSRO, or, if unrated, be of comparable quality in the view of the Adviser, and (ii) it must not be traded flat ( i.e. , without accrued interest) or in default as to principal or interest. While the Adviser uses procedures to determine that certain Rule144A securities are liquid, market conditions may later affect that assessment adversely. Therefore, the Fund could potentially hold higher levels of illiquid securities than previously anticipated. Investing in Rule 144A securities could have the effect of increasing the level of Fund illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities. Repurchase agreements subject to demand are deemed to have a maturity equal to the notice period.
Page 29
The High Yield Bond Fund, Unconstrained Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund and Floating Rate Income Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time. This means that, in general, these Funds may borrow money from banks for any purpose on a secured basis in an amount up to one-third of the Funds total assets. These Funds may also borrow for temporary administrative purposes on an unsecured basis in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Funds total assets.
The Ultra Short Bond Fund, Low Duration Bond Fund, Intermediate Bond Fund, Total Return Bond Fund and AlphaTrak 500 Fund each may borrow for temporary, emergency or investment purposes up to the amount permitted by its fundamental investment restrictions. This borrowing may be unsecured.
The provisions of the 1940 Act require a Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Funds total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of the Funds total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
Borrowing subjects a Fund to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, and can exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Funds portfolio. This is the speculative factor known as leverage.
As noted above, a Fund also may enter into certain transactions, including reverse repurchase agreements, that can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing or financing transaction by the Fund. To the extent a Fund covers its commitment under a reverse purchase agreement (or economically similar transaction) by the designation of assets determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees, equal in value to the amount of the Funds commitment to repurchase, such an agreement will not be considered a senior security by the Fund and therefore will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Funds. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Funds portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
The Floating Rate Income Fund may invest in publicly traded master limited partnerships (MLPs), which are limited partnerships or limited liability companies taxable as partnerships. MLPs may derive income and gains from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof), or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. When investing in an MLP, the Fund intends to purchase publicly traded common units issued to limited partners of the MLP. The general partner is typically owned by a major energy company, an investment fund, the direct management of the MLP or is an entity owned by one or more of those parties. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP together with, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role in the partnerships operations and management.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (referred to as minimum quarterly distributions or MQD). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent the MQD is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the MQD; however, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner that results in distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. These incentive distributions encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures and acquire assets in order to increase the partnerships cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. This result benefits all security holders of the MLP.
MLP common units represent a limited partnership interest in the MLP. Common units are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges, with their value fluctuating predominantly based on prevailing market conditions, distributions levels and the success of the MLP. The Fund intends to purchase common units in market transactions. Unlike owners of common stock of a corporation, owners of common units have limited voting rights and have no ability annually to elect directors. If the MLP is liquidated, common units have preference over subordinated units, but not over debt or preferred units, to the remaining assets of the MLP.
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Portfolio securities are sold whenever the Adviser believes it appropriate, regardless of how long the securities have been held. Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the Fund, including brokerage commissions, dealer markups and other transaction costs, and may result in the recognition of capital gains that may be distributed to shareholders. Generally, portfolio turnover over 100% is considered high and increases these costs. The Adviser does not view turnover as an important consideration in managing the Funds and does not strive to limit portfolio turnover. Each Funds investment program emphasizes active portfolio management with a sensitivity to short-term market trends and price changes in individual securities. Accordingly, each Fund may take frequent trading positions, resulting in portfolio turnover that may exceed the portfolio turnover of most investment companies of comparable size. During the last two fiscal years, there was significant variation in the portfolio turnover rates of the Intermediate Bond Fund and Total Return Bond Fund, which can be attributed to a repositioning of the portfolios in light of the increase in the volatility of interest rates and spreads.
The Funds may engage in defensive investing, which is a deliberate, temporary shift in portfolio strategy that may be undertaken when markets start behaving in volatile or unusual ways. Depending on the Advisers analysis of the various markets and other considerations, the Funds may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest a substantial part or all of their assets in bonds of U.S. or foreign governments, cash, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, high-grade commercial paper, and repurchase agreements. Such investments may also be made for temporary purposes pending investment in other securities or following substantial new investment in a Fund. When the Funds have invested defensively in low risk, low return securities, they may not achieve their investment objectives. There is no assurance that the Funds will enter into a defensive strategy in the event of volatility or other unusual activity in the securities markets.
BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE AND RISK OVERSIGHT
The operations of the Funds are under the direction of the Board of Trustees. The Board establishes the Funds policies and oversees and reviews the management of the Funds. The Board meets regularly ( i.e., at least quarterly) to review the investment performance of the Funds and other financial and operational matters, including policies and procedures with respect to compliance with regulatory and other requirements, as well as to review the activities of the Trusts officers, who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Funds. The Board met four times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.
The Board consists of eight Trustees, six of whom are not interested persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) of the Trust (the Independent Trustees). An Independent Trustee serves as Chairman of the Board. In addition, there are three standing committees of the Board to which the Board has delegated certain authority and supervisory responsibilities, two of which are comprised exclusively of Independent Trustees. Those committees are the Audit Committee, Nominating Committee and Pricing Committee, whose responsibilities and activities are described below.
As part of each regular Board meeting, the Independent Trustees meet separately from the Adviser, and as needed with their independent legal counsel and with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer. The Board reviews its leadership structure periodically as part of its annual self-assessment process and believes that its structure is appropriate to enable the Board to exercise its oversight of the Funds.
The Funds have retained the Adviser as the Funds investment adviser. Subject to the objectives and policies as the Trustees may determine, the Adviser furnishes a continuing investment program for the Funds, makes investment decisions on their behalf, manages risks that arise from the Funds investments and operations, and provides administrative services to each Fund, all pursuant and subject to its investment advisory agreement with the Funds. Employees of the Adviser serve as the Trusts officers, including the Trusts President, Treasurer, Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer.
The Board oversees the services provided by the Adviser, including certain risk management functions. Risk management is a broad concept that can cover many elements. The Board handles its review of different elements and types of risks in different ways. In the course of providing oversight, the Board and the Committees receive reports on the Funds activities, including regarding each Funds investment portfolio and the Funds financial accounting and reporting. The Board also meets periodically with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer who reports on the compliance of the Funds with the federal securities laws and the Trusts internal compliance policies and procedures. The Audit Committees meetings with the Funds independent auditors also contribute to its oversight of certain internal control risks. In addition, the Board meets periodically with the portfolio managers of the Funds to receive reports regarding the management of the Funds, including certain investment and operational risks. Because the Board has delegated
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the day-to-day activities of the Funds to the Adviser and other service providers, the risk management oversight provided by the Board can mitigate but not eliminate the identified risks. Not all risks that may affect a Fund can be identified or processes and controls developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and some risks are simply beyond any control of a Fund or the Adviser, its affiliates or other service providers.
Information pertaining to the Trustees and officers of the Trust is provided in the table below. The term officer means president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, controller, or any other officer who performs policymaking functions. All officers serve without direct compensation from the Funds. Fund Complex used in this SAI refers to the Trust (consisting of 9 portfolios), TCW Funds, Inc. (consisting of 23 portfolios), TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (consisting of 1 portfolio), and TCW Alternative Funds (consisting of 1 portfolio).
NAME AND YEAR OF BIRTH*** |
POSITION(S)
|
TERM OF
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
NUMBER
FUNDS IN
|
OTHER
|
|||||
Independent Trustees of the Trust* |
||||||||||
Ronald J. Consiglio (1943) | Trustee | Indefinite term, since 2003 | Since 1999, Mr. Consiglio has served as the managing director of Synergy Trading, a securities-trading partnership. From 1999 through 2001, Mr. Consiglio was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Trading Edge, Inc., a national automated bond-trading firm. From January 1993 to 1998, Mr. Consiglio served as Chief Executive Officer and President of Angeles Mortgage Investment Trust, a publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trust. Before that position, he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and as a member of its board of directors. Mr. Consiglio is a certified public accountant and was an audit partner with Deloitte Haskins & Sells from 1977 through 1984. | 9 | Mannkind Corp. (pharmaceutical preparations) | |||||
Patrick C. Haden (1953) |
Trustee | Indefinite term, since 2010 | Athletic Director, University of Southern California. Prior to August 2010, General Partner, Riordan, Lewis & Haden (private equity firm). | 34 | Tetra Tech, Inc. (Environmental Consulting); The Rose Hill Foundation (Charitable Organization); Unihealth Foundation (Charitable Organization); TCW Funds (mutual funds); TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund); TCW Alternative Funds (mutual funds) | |||||
Martin Luther King III (1957) |
Trustee and Chairman of the Nominating Committee |
Indefinite term, since 1997 | Since 1998, Mr. King has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of The King Center. Since January 2006, he has served as Chief Executive Officer of Realizing the Dream, a non-profit organization that continues the humanitarian and liberating work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mrs. Coretta Scott King. He has been engaged as an independent motivational lecturer since 1980. | 9 | None | |||||
Peter McMillan (1957) |
Trustee | Indefinite term, since 2008 | Since 2000, Mr. McMillan has served as the co-founder and Managing Partner of Willowbrook Capital Group LLC, an investment advisory firm. He has also served as a co-founder and Executive Vice President of KBS Capital Advisors, a manager of REITs, since 2005. He is the co-founder, Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer for Temescal Canyon Partners, an investment advisory firm, since May 2013. | 34 | KBS Real Estate Investment Trust I, KBS Real Estate Investment Trust II, KBS Real Estate Investment Trust III, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, Inc. and KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. (real estate investments); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual funds); TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund); TCW Alternative Funds (mutual funds) |
Page 32
NAME AND YEAR OF BIRTH*** |
POSITION(S)
|
TERM OF
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
NUMBER
FUNDS IN
|
OTHER
|
|||||
Robert G. Rooney (1957) |
Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee |
Indefinite term, since 2009 | From 2006 until 2011, Mr. Rooney served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Affinion Group, Inc. (Affinion), a customer engagement and loyalty company. Previously, he was Executive Vice President and interim Chief Financial Officer at Affinion from October 2005 to January 2006. Between November 2004 and October 2005, Mr. Rooney was Executive Vice President at CMG (predecessor to Affinion) and between January 2004 to October 2004, Mr. Rooney was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CMG. From July 2001 to January 2004, Mr. Rooney was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Trilegiant, a subsidiary of Affinion. | 9 | None | |||||
Andrew Tarica (1959) |
Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Indefinite term, since 2002 and 2008, respectively | Mr. Tarica has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Meadowbrook Capital Management, a fixed-income asset management company that manages a credit fund since February of 2001. Since 2005, responsible for managing and trading fixed-income investments at Concept Capital Markets, LLC, a New York based broker-dealer (until 2011, known as Sanders Morris Harris, a Houston-based broker-dealer). | 34 | TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual funds); TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund); TCW Alternative Funds (mutual funds) | |||||
Interested Trustees** |
||||||||||
Patrick Moore (1964) |
Trustee | Indefinite term, since 2014 | Mr. Moore is a Managing Director for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has been with the Adviser since 2000. Mr. Moore is a member of the CFA Institute. | 9 | None | |||||
Laird Landmann (1964) |
Trustee and Executive Vice President | Indefinite term, since 2008 and 2007, respectively | Mr. Landmann is Group Managing Director of TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. Since August 1996, Mr. Landmann has been a Generalist Portfolio Manager with the Adviser and currently serves as the Advisers President. | 9 | MetWest Enhanced TALF Strategy Fund, Ltd. (investment fund) | |||||
Officers of the Trust who are not Trustees |
||||||||||
David B. Lippman (1958) |
President and Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite term, since November 2008 | Mr. Lippman is the Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser and of The TCW Group, Inc. (since February 2013), and the Chief Executive Officer and President of TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has served as Chief Executive Officer with the Adviser since June 2008. | N/A | TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund) | |||||
David S. DeVito (1963) |
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer | Indefinite term, since 2010 | Mr. DeVito is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, The TCW Group, Inc., Trust Company of the West and TCW Asset Management Company; President and Chief Executive Officer, TCW Alternative Funds, TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. | N/A | TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual funds); TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund) | |||||
Eric Chan (1978) |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term, since 2010 | Mr. Chan is Senior Vice President of Fund Operations for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has worked for the Adviser since November 2006. Mr. Chan is a Certified Public Accountant. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Bibi Khan (1953) |
Vice President | Indefinite term, since 2007 | Ms. Khan is Managing Director of Operations for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. She has worked for the Adviser since 2005. From 2003 through 2005, Ms. Khan served as Director, Securities Group Operations Manager for Columbia Management (formerly Banc of America Capital Management, LLC). Ms. Khan is a Certified Trust and Financial Analyst. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Tad Rivelle (1961) |
Executive Vice President | Indefinite term, since 2007 | Mr. Rivelle is the Chief Investment Officer and Group Managing Director for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has been with the Adviser since August 1996. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Stephen M. Kane (1962) |
Executive Vice President | Indefinite term, since 2007 | Mr. Kane is a Group Managing Director for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has been with the Adviser since August 1996. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Cal Rivelle (1958) |
Executive Vice President | Indefinite term, since 2009 | Mr. Rivelle is a Managing Director for the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West. He has served as Executive Vice President of the Funds since March 2009. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Jeffrey Engelsman (1967) | Chief Compliance Officer | Indefinite term, since 2014 | Mr. Engelsman is a Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, TCW Asset Management Company and Trust Company of the West (since August 2014). He has served as Chief Compliance Officer of the Funds since December 2014. Prior to joining TCW, he was a Managing Director of New York Life Investments and the Chief Compliance Officer of the MainStay Funds, a group of more than 70 open-ended and closed-end funds. Mr. Engelsman holds the Series 7, 24 and 63 FINRA licenses. He is Chief Compliance Officer for the TCW Alternative Funds, TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. | N/A | N/A |
Page 33
NAME AND
|
POSITION(S)
|
TERM OF
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
NUMBER
FUNDS IN
|
OTHER
|
|||||
Meredith Jackson (1959) |
Vice President and Secretary |
Indefinite term, since 2013 | Ms. Jackson is Executive Vice President and General Counsel of the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, Trust Company of the West and TCW Asset Management Company (since February 2013); before then she was Partner, Irell & Manella LLP (law firm). She is Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel for the TCW Alternative Funds, TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. | N/A | N/A | |||||
Patrick Dennis (1981) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
Indefinite term, since 2013 | Mr. Dennis is Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel, the Adviser, TCW Investment Management Company, Trust Company of the West and TCW Asset Management Company (since February 2013); before then from 2010 to 2013, he was Associate, Paul Hastings LLP (law firm), and from 2006 to 2010, he was Associate, Dechert LLP (law firm). He is Vice President and Assistant Secretary for the TCW Alternative Funds, TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. | N/A | N/A |
* | Denotes a Trustee who is not an interested person of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act. |
** | Denotes a Trustee who is an interested person of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act, due to the relationship indicated with the Adviser. |
*** | For purposes of Trust business, the address for all Trustees and officers is c/o Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017. |
The Board of Trustees will consider nominees for Trustee recommended by shareholders provided that such recommendations are submitted by the date disclosed in a Funds proxy statement and otherwise comply with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act. Such shareholder recommendations must be in writing and should be sent to the attention of the Board of Trustees in care of the Fund at 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017. Shareholder recommendations should include the proposed nominees biographical information (including business experience for the past ten years) and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be a disinterested Trustee, if applicable.
INFORMATION ABOUT EACH TRUSTEES QUALIFICATIONS, EXPERIENCE, ATTRIBUTES OR SKILLS
The Board took into account a variety of factors in the original selection of candidates to serve as a Trustee, including the then composition of the Board. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individuals business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individuals ability to work effectively with the other members of the Board; and (iii) how the individuals skills, experience, and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board. In addition, the Trustees also possess various other intangible qualities such as intelligence, work ethic, the ability to work together, to communicate effectively, to ask incisive questions and exercise judgment, and to oversee the business of the Trust. The Board also considered, among other factors, the particular attributes described below with respect to the various individual Trustees. The summaries set forth below as to the qualifications, attributes, and skills of the Trustees are furnished in response to disclosure requirements imposed by the SEC, do not constitute any representation or guarantee that the Board or any Trustee has any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater or additional responsibility or obligation on, or change any standard of care of, any such person or on the Board as a whole than otherwise would be the case.
Mr. Consiglio has many years of experience as an executive in the securities industry, including service as a board member. He also has in-depth experience with audit and accounting principles and practices, and serves as the Audit Committee Financial Expert on the Audit Committee. He also has many years of experience serving on the Trusts Board.
Mr. Haden is the Independent Chairman of TCW Funds, Inc., and the Athletic Director of the University of Southern California. Previously he was a General Partner in Riordan, Lewis & Haden, a private equity fund and serves on the boards of Tetra Tech, Inc., an environmental consulting company, and TSI, a publicly-traded closed end fund, of which he is also the Independent Chairman. Mr. Haden is a Rhodes Scholar and prior to August 2010, was a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Southern California. All of these positions give him extensive experience serving as a board member and discharging his fiduciary responsibilities with respect to investment companies.
Mr. King is a nationally prominent community leader and organizer, and has had leadership positions with various community organizations. He also has many years of experience serving on the Trusts Board.
Page 34
Mr. McMillan has many years of experience as an investment industry professional with extensive experience managing securities portfolios, and is very experienced with the analysis of investment strategy, trading, and performance results. He also has experience with board positions, including approximately four years of experience serving on the Trusts Board.
Mr. Rooney has many years of senior executive and board experience with various companies, including in-depth experience with financial matters. He also has approximately three years of experience serving on the Trusts Board.
Mr. Tarica has many years of experience in the investment management and investment advisory industry, including substantial experience managing fixed-income portfolios. He also has many years of experience serving on the Trusts Board.
Mr. Landmann is an executive and co-founder of the Adviser, and has many years of experience managing fixed-income portfolios for clients of the Adviser including the Funds. Mr. Landmann also previously served as a Trustee of the Trust.
Mr. Moore is an executive officer with the Adviser, and has many years of experience with the Advisers portfolio management activities for its clients, including the Funds. Mr. Moore also previously served as a Trustee of the Trust from 2010 until 2011.
The Board has an Audit Committee consisting of Messrs. King, Consiglio, Haden, Tarica, Rooney and McMillan. Mr. Rooney is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. All of the members of the Audit Committee are not interested persons of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act (Independent Trustees). The Audit Committee reviews the scope and results of the Trusts annual audit with the Trusts independent registered public accountants, recommends the engagement of such accountants and approves all audit services and permissible non-audit services. The Audit Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.
The Board has a Nominating Committee consisting of all the Independent Trustees. The Nominating Committee evaluates the qualifications of Board member candidates and makes nominations for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. Mr. King is Chairman of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee met once during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.
The Trust has a Pricing Committee consisting of an Independent Trustee named from time to time by the Board, David S. DeVito, the Chief Financial Officer of the Trust and the Adviser and Treasurer of the Trust, and Stephen Kane, a portfolio manager of the Adviser. The Pricing Committee is responsible for the fair value pricing of any securities held by the Funds as necessary. The Pricing Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.
The table below sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in all registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the Trusts family of investment companies, as of December 31, 2014.
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds (1) |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All registered Investment Companies Overseen by Director in Family of Investment Companies (2) |
||
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | ||||
Ronald J. Consiglio | Total Return Bond Fund | Over $100,000 | ||
Patrick C. Haden |
Total Return Bond Fund over $100,000 Unconstrained Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 |
Over $100,000 | ||
Martin Luther King, III | None | None | ||
Andrew Tarica |
Low Duration Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 Unconstrained Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 |
Over $100,000 | ||
Peter McMillan | Total Return Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 | $50,001 to $100,000 | ||
Robert Rooney |
High Yield Bond Fund $10,001 to $50,000 Unconstrained Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 |
Over $100,000 | ||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund $10,001 to $50,000 Floating Rate Bond Fund $50,001 to $100,000 |
Page 35
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds (1) |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All registered Investment Companies Overseen by Director in Family of Investment Companies (2) |
||
INTERESTED TRUSTEES | ||||
Laird Landmann |
Ultra Short Bond Fund - $50,001 to $100,000 Low Duration Bond Fund - over $100,000 High Yield Bond Fund - over $100,000 Strategic Income Fund over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 | ||
Patrick Moore |
Total Return Bond Fund over $100,000 Low Duration Bond Fund over $100,000 High Yield Bond Fund over $100,000 AlphaTrak 500 Fund over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
(1) | Securities beneficially owned as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the 1934 Act) include direct and or indirect ownership of securities where the trustees economic interest is tied to the securities, employment ownership and securities when the trustee can exert voting power and when the trustee has authority to sell the securities. The dollar ranges are: None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, over $100,000. |
(2) | Certain figures represent and include the Trustees economic exposure to the Funds through the deferred compensation plan. See DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN for additional details. |
As of December 31, 2014, none of the Independent Trustees, or their immediate family members owned, beneficially or of record, any securities in the Adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust.
The Trust does not pay salaries to any of its officers or fees to any of its Trustees who are affiliated with the Adviser. Effective July 1, 2015, the Independent Trustees each receive an annual retainer of $85,000, with the Independent Chairman of the Board receiving an additional annual retainer of $34,500. The Chairmen of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee each receive an additional annual retainer of $23,000 and $11,500, respectively. Each Independent Trustee also receives a fee of $7,500 for each meeting of the Board of Trustees attended. The total compensation paid by the Trust to each Trustee for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 is set forth below.
Name of Trustee |
Aggregate
Compensation from the Trust |
Pension or Retirement
Benefits Accrued As Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total Compensation
From the Trust and Fund Complex (2) Paid to Trustees |
||||||||||||
Patrick Moore |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||
Laird Landmann |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||
Ronald J. Consiglio |
$ | 67,500 | None | None | $ | 67,500 | ||||||||||
Patrick C. Haden |
$ | 67,500 | None | None | $ | 159,750 | ||||||||||
Martin Luther King III |
$ | 69,000 | None | None | $ | 69,000 | ||||||||||
Andrew Tarica (1) |
$ | 90,000 | None | None | $ | 159,750 | ||||||||||
Daniel D. Villanueva (1) |
$ | 67,500 | None | None | $ | 67,500 | ||||||||||
Peter McMillan (1) |
$ | 67,500 | None | None | $ | 137,250 | ||||||||||
Robert G. Rooney (1) |
$ | 82,500 | None | None | $ | 82,500 |
(1) | Messrs. McMillan, Rooney and Villanueva participated in a deferred compensation plan for certain eligible Trustees of the Trust during the last fiscal year. Mr. Tarica elected to participate in the deferred compensation plan effective January 1, 2012. Mr. Rooney previously participated in the deferred compensation plan prior to January 1, 2013. The total value of deferred compensation as of March 31, 2015 was as follows: $272,964 for Mr. McMillan, $168,646 for Mr. Rooney, $157,299 for Mr. Villanueva and $250,769 for Mr. Tarica. The deferred compensation plan is discussed in more detail below. |
(2) | Includes TCW Alternative Funds, TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., each registered investment companies advised by TCW Investment Management Company, an affiliate of the Adviser. |
Page 36
The Trust has an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan (the Plan) for certain eligible Trustees. The Plan allows Trustees to defer some or all of their annual trustees fees otherwise payable by the Trust for a minimum of three years. The fees deferred are posted to a bookkeeping account maintained by the Trust. The various series of the Trust will use the returns on those Funds selected by the Trustee to determine the income, gains and losses to allocate to the account. At the time for commencing distributions from a Trustees deferral account, which is no later than when the Trustee ceases to be a member of the Board of Trustees, deferred fees will be paid out in a single sum in cash or a maximum of ten annual installments.
The Trust and the Adviser, together with the Advisers TCW affiliates, have adopted a joint Code of Ethics under Rule 17j-l of the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers Act) that (i) establish procedures for personnel with respect to personal investing; (ii) prohibit or restrict certain transactions that may be deemed to create a conflict of interest between personnel and the Funds; and (iii) permit personnel to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The Code of Ethics is available at www.sec.gov under the Metropolitan West Funds, or will be provided upon request.
The Board has adopted joint Proxy Voting Guidelines and Procedures (the Policy) with the Adviser and its TCW affiliates. The Policy delegates the responsibility for voting proxies relating to the Trust to the Adviser, subject to the Boards continuing oversight. Summary of Advisers Proxy Voting Policy: The Adviser believes that the right to vote proxies is a significant asset of its clients holdings. In order to carry out its fiduciary responsibilities in the voting of proxies for its clients, the Adviser has established a proxy voting committee (the Proxy Committee) and adopted these proxy voting guidelines and procedures (the Guidelines).
The Proxy Committee generally meets quarterly (or at such other frequency as determined by the Proxy Committee), and its duties include establishing proxy voting guidelines and procedures, overseeing the internal proxy voting process, and reviewing proxy voting issues. The members of the Proxy Committee include the Adviser personnel from the investment, compliance, legal and marketing departments. The Adviser also uses outside proxy voting services (each an Outside Service) to help manage the proxy voting process. An Outside Service facilitates the Advisers voting according to the Guidelines (or, if applicable, according to guidelines submitted by the Advisers clients) and helps maintain the Advisers proxy voting records. All proxy voting and record keeping by the Adviser is, of course, dependent on the timely provision of proxy ballots by custodians, clients and other third parties. Under specified circumstances described below involving potential conflicts of interest, an Outside Service may also be requested to help decide certain proxy votes. The Proxy Committee shall periodically review and evaluate the voting recommendations of such Outside Service to ensure that recommendations are consistent with the Advisers clients best interests. In certain limited circumstances, particularly in the area of structured financing, the Adviser may enter into voting agreements or other contractual obligations that govern the voting of shares. In the event of a conflict between any such contractual requirements and the Guidelines, the Adviser will vote in accordance with its contractual obligations. In the event that the Adviser inadvertently receives any proxy materials on behalf of a client that has retained proxy voting responsibility, and where it is reasonably feasible for the Adviser to determine the identity of the client, the Adviser will promptly forward such materials to the client.
As a matter of firm policy, the Adviser does not disclose to unaffiliated third parties how it expects to vote on upcoming proxies and does not disclose the way it voted proxies without a legitimate need to know such information.
Philosophy
When voting proxies, the Advisers utmost concern is that all decisions be made solely in the interests of the client and with the goal of maximizing the value of the clients investments. Generally, proposals will be voted in accordance with the Guidelines and any applicable guidelines provided by the Advisers clients. The Advisers underlying philosophy, however, is that its portfolio managers, who are primarily responsible for evaluating the individual holdings of the Advisers clients, are best able to determine how to further client interests and goals. The portfolio managers may, in their discretion, take into account the recommendations of the Adviser management, the Proxy Committee, and an Outside Service.
Proxy Voting Overrides
Individual portfolio managers, in the exercise of their best judgment and discretion, may from time to time override the Guidelines and vote proxies in a manner that they believe will enhance the economic value of clients assets, keeping in mind the best interests of the beneficial owners. A portfolio manager choosing to abstain on a vote will provide a written rationale for doing so and that rationale will be in the vote notes of the proxy when it is voted. A portfolio manager choosing to override the Guidelines must deliver a written rationale for each such decision to the Advisers Proxy Specialist (the Proxy Specialist), who will maintain such documentation in the Advisers proxy voting records and deliver a quarterly report to the Proxy Committee of all votes cast other than in accordance with the Guidelines. If the Proxy Specialist believes there is a question regarding a portfolio managers vote, he/she will obtain the approval of the Advisers Director of Research (the Director of Research) for the vote before submitting it. The Director of Research will review the portfolio managers vote and make a determination. If the Director of Research believes it appropriate, he/she may elect to convene the Proxy Committee for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast.
Page 37
Conflicts of Interest
In the event a potential conflict of interest arises in the context of voting proxies for the Advisers clients, the primary means by which the Adviser will avoid a conflict is by casting such votes solely according to the Guidelines and any applicable guidelines provided by the Advisers clients, as outlined below. If a potential conflict of interest arises and there is no predetermined vote, or the Guidelines (or any applicable the Adviser client guidelines) themselves refer such vote to the portfolio manager for decision, or the portfolio manager would like to override a predetermined vote, then the Adviser will undertake the following analysis:
Where the issuer soliciting proxy votes is itself a client of the Advisers (or because an affiliate of such issuer, such as a pension or profit sharing plan sponsored by such issuer, is a client of the Advisers), then the Proxy Specialist will determine whether such relationship may be deemed not to be material to the Adviser based on the level of assets under management and other relevant facts and circumstances. Where the relationship is deemed material, the Adviser will refrain completely from exercising its discretion with respect to voting the proxy with respect to such vote and will, instead, refer that vote to an Outside Service for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast.
Where an employee of the Adviser sits on the Board of a public company, the Proxy Specialist will determine whether such Board member is the portfolio manager for the account holding the security, or whether the Board member has spoken with the portfolio managers for the account holding the security. If either the particular Board member is the portfolio manager or there has been communication concerning such proxy vote between the portfolio manager and the particular Board member, then the Proxy Specialist will provide the Proxy Committee with the facts and vote rationale so that it can determine and vote the securities.
Where the issuer is an affiliate of the Adviser, the Adviser will refrain completely from exercising its discretion with respect to voting the proxy with respect to such a vote and will, instead, refer that vote to an Outside Service for its independent consideration as to how the vote should be cast
Where any other portfolio manager conflict is identified with respect to a given proxy vote, the Proxy Committee will remove such vote from the conflicted portfolio manager and will itself consider and cast the vote.
International Proxy Voting
While the Adviser utilizes these Proxy Voting Guidelines for both international and domestic portfolios and clients, there are some significant differences between voting U.S. company proxies and voting non-U.S. company proxies. For U.S. companies, it is relatively easy to vote proxies, as the proxies are automatically received and may be voted by mail or electronically. In most cases, the officers of a U.S. company soliciting a proxy act as proxies for the companys shareholders.
For proxies of non-U.S. companies, however, it is typically both difficult and costly to vote proxies. The major difficulties and costs may include: (i) appointing a proxy; (ii) knowing when a meeting is taking place; (iii) obtaining relevant information about proxies, voting procedures for foreign shareholders, and restrictions on trading securities that are subject to proxy votes; (iv) arranging for a proxy to vote; and (v) evaluating the cost of voting.
Furthermore, the operational hurdles to voting proxies vary by country. As a result, the Adviser considers whether or not to vote an international proxy based on the particular facts and circumstances. However, when the Adviser believes that an issue to be voted is likely to affect the economic value of the portfolio securities, that its vote may influence the ultimate outcome of the contest, and that the benefits of voting the proxy exceed the expected costs, the Adviser will make every reasonable effort to vote such proxies.
The Trust is required to file Form N-PX, with each Funds complete proxy voting record for the 12 months ended June 30th, no later than August 31st of each year. Form N-PX for each Fund is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free (800) 241-4671 and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov .
The Trust has adopted an Anti-Money Laundering Policy (the AML Policy) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA Patriot Act). To ensure compliance with this law, the AML Policy provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the AML Policy. Procedures to implement the AML Policy include, but are not limited to, determining that the Funds Underwriter and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering and customer identification procedures, reported suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and reviewed all new opening account applications. As a result of the AML Policy, the Trust may be required to freeze the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (such actions generally are taken by the Funds servicing agents on behalf of the Trust).
Page 38
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Listed in the table below are shareholders deemed to be control persons or principal owners of a Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Control persons are presumed to control a Fund for purposes of voting on matters submitted to a vote of shareholders due to their beneficial ownership of 25% or more of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. Principal holders own of record or beneficially 5% or more of a Funds outstanding voting securities. As of July 1, 2015, the following persons owned beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding voting shares of the Funds. As of July 1, 2015, the Trustees and officers of the Trust and the Adviser, individually and as a group, owned beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Funds:
FUND |
PERCENT OWNERSHIP | |||
ULTRA SHORT BOND FUND CLASS M: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
36.88% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
33.40% | |||
ULTRA SHORT BOND FUND CLASS I: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
27.18% | |||
Wells Fargo Bank NA FBO University of Colorado Internally Mgd. PO Box 1533 Minneapolis, MN 55480 |
17.74% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
17.15% | |||
Bank of America Custodian FBO PO Box 843869 Dallas, TX 75284 |
10.16% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. For the Exclusive Benefit of our Clients PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
6.36% |
Page 39
FUND |
PERCENT OWNERSHIP | |||
RBC Capital Markets LLC Mutual Fund Omnibus Processing Attn: Mutual Fund Ops. Manager 510 Marquette Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55402 |
6.32% | |||
First Clearing LLC Special Custody Acct. For the Exclusive Benefit of the Customer 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103 |
6.24% | |||
LOW DURATION BOND FUND CLASS M: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
52.41% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
33.84% | |||
LOW DURATION BOND FUND CLASS I: |
||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Harborside Financial Center Plaza 2, 3rd Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311 |
20.76% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct. FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
18.77% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
16.23% | |||
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. Sole Benefit of Its Customers Attn: Service Team 4800 Deer Lake Drive East 3rd Floor Jacksonville, FL 32246 |
6.67% | |||
Capinco C/O US Bank NA 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive Suite 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212 |
5.40% |
Page 40
FUND |
PERCENT OWNERSHIP | |||
LOW DURATION BOND FUND ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS: |
||||
State Bank of Cross Plains Trust Department 1205 Main Street Cross Plains, WI 53528 |
98.17% | |||
INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND CLASS M: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
46.91% | |||
National Financial Services Corp For Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Department 4 th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
12.83% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
8.83% | |||
INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND CLASS I: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
35.18% | |||
National Financial Services Corp For Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Department 4 th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
12.28% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
9.06% | |||
TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND CLASS M: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
39.96% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
30.22% |
Page 41
TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND CLASS I: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
16.64% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
13.73% | |||
First Clearing LLC Special Custody Acct for the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103 |
7.73% | |||
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. Sole Benefit of its Customers Attn: Service Team 4800 Deer Lake Dr East 3rd Floor Jacksonville, FL 32246 |
7.57% | |||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Harborside Financial Center Plaza 2, 3rd Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311 |
6.65% | |||
Edward D. Jones & Co For the Benefit of Customers 12555 Manchester Road Saint Louis, MO 63131 |
5.33% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
5.21% | |||
TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND ADMINISTRATIVE CLASS: |
||||
Great-West Trust Company LLC Employee Benefits Clients 401K 8515 E Orchard Road 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 |
21.81% | |||
New York Life Trust Company 169 Lackawanna Avenue Parsippany, NJ 07054 |
20.22% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4 th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
7.44% |
Page 42
Great-West Life and Annuity FBO Future Funds II 8515 E Orchard Road 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 |
7.11% | |||
Mercer Trust Company Custodian FBO IBEW Local 725 Supplemental Pension Plan One Investors Way Norwood, MA 02062 |
6.75% | |||
Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. Sole Benefit of its Customers Attn: Service Team 4800 Deer Lake Dr. East 3rd Floor Jacksonville, FL 32246 |
6.33% | |||
TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND PLAN CLASS: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4 th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
34.54% | |||
HIGH YIELD BOND FUND CLASS M : |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct. FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
54.94% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For The Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
16.59% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. For The Exclusive Benefit of Our Clients PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
5.12% | |||
HIGH YIELD BOND FUND CLASS I: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
25.95% | |||
National Financial Services LLC For The Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
19.89% |
Page 43
UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND CLASS M: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For The Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
27.58% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
19.34% | |||
Goldman Sachs & Co. C/O Mutual Funds Ops. 222 South Main Street Salt Lake City, UT 84101 |
13.06% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. For The Exclusive Benefit of Our Clients PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
7.45% | |||
UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND CLASS I : |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
19.91% | |||
National Financial Services LLC FBO Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
11.72% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
10.51% | |||
Lockheed Martin Corporation Master Retirement Trust 6901 Rockledge Drive 4th Floor Bethesda, MD 20817 |
5.17% | |||
STRATEGIC INCOME FUND CLASS M : |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
50.71% |
Page 44
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of Our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
22.91% | |||
Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399 |
5.40% | |||
STRATEGIC INCOME FUND CLASS I: |
||||
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
34.09% | |||
Capinco C/O US BANK NA 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212 |
18.87% | |||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
16.20% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. For the Exclusive Benefit of our Clients PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
10.86% | |||
First Clearing LLC Special Custody Acct. for the Exclusive Benefit of Customers 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103 |
10.37% | |||
ALPHATRAK 500 FUND CLASS M : |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
48.37% | |||
First Clearing LLC Special Custody Acct. for the Exclusive Benefit of Customers 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103 |
33.75% | |||
FLOATING RATE INCOME FUND CLASS M: |
||||
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 101 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94104 |
52.27% |
Page 45
National Financial Services LLC For the Exclusive Benefit of our Customers Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 4 th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310 |
33.33% | |||
TD Ameritrade Inc. For the Exclusive Benefit of our Clients PO Box 2226 Omaha, NE 68103 |
6.54% | |||
FLOATING RATE INCOME FUND CLASS I: |
||||
Wells Fargo Bank NA FBO Navy MetWest Bank Loans PO Box 1533 Minneapolis, MN 55480 |
36.73% | |||
Bell Atlantic Master Trust 295 N. Maple Avenue Building 7, 1st Floor South Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 |
15.70% | |||
State of Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation 30 West Spring Street Columbus, OH 43215 |
6.85% |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser states that in connection with its duties to arrange for the purchase and sale of securities held in the portfolio of each Fund by placing purchase and sale orders for that Fund, the Adviser shall select such broker-dealer (brokers) as shall, in the Advisers judgment, implement the policy of the Trust to achieve best execution, i.e. , placing trades in ways that are intended to capture the maximum value of the investment ideas, giving due regard to all of the circumstances in which the trade is placed. In making such selection, the Adviser is authorized in the Agreement to consider the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker.
The Adviser normally causes the Funds to purchase and sell portfolio securities on a principal basis from the owner or purchaser of the security, such as a broker-dealer. Those principal trades do not involve the payment of a commission and, therefore, are not permitted to be used to generate soft dollar benefits. In rare situations where a Fund pays a commission, the following discussion would apply: The Adviser is also authorized by the Agreement to consider whether the broker provides brokerage and/or research services to the Funds and/or other accounts of the Adviser. The Agreement states that the commissions paid to brokers may be higher than another broker would have charged if a good faith determination is made by the Adviser that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Advisers overall responsibilities as to the accounts as to which it exercises investment discretion and that the Adviser shall use its judgment in determining that the amount of commissions paid are reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided and need not place or attempt to place a specific dollar value on such services or on the portion of commission rates reflecting such services. The Agreement provides that to demonstrate that such determinations were in good faith, and to show the overall reasonableness of commissions paid, the Adviser shall be prepared to show that commissions paid (i) were for purposes contemplated by the Agreement; (ii) were for products or services which provide lawful and appropriate assistance to the Advisers decision-making process; and (iii) were within a reasonable range as compared to the rates charged by brokers to other institutional investors as such rates may become known from available information.
The research services discussed above may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information assisting the Trust in the valuation of the Funds investments. The research which the Adviser may receive for the Funds brokerage commissions, whether or not useful to a Fund, may be useful to the Adviser in managing the accounts of the Advisers other advisory clients. Similarly, the research received for the commissions of such accounts may be useful to any Fund. The Adviser may receive typical unsolicited research materials routinely sent by broker-dealers to their clients.
Page 46
In the over-the-counter market, securities are generally traded on a net basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. Money market instruments usually trade on a net basis as well. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased by the Funds directly from an issuer in which case no commissions or discounts are paid. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriters concession or discount.
There may be occasions where the Adviser believes that it would be in the best interest of one or more Funds to participate in a cross transaction between a Fund and another Fund or an account managed by the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser. A cross transaction is a transaction directly between a Fund and another Fund or an advised account without the use of a broker-dealer. The Adviser would cause a cross transaction to be used only if believed to be in the best interest of the participating Fund(s) and any other accounts such as the ability to obtain more favorable terms without effecting the transaction in the open market. Any such cross transaction would be effected in compliance with the pricing and other requirements of applicable SEC rules (such as Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act) and any other applicable contractual restriction or regulatory requirements, as well as policies and procedures adopted by the Trust.
The following table shows total brokerage commissions (as opposed to dealer mark-ups) paid by the Funds in the last three fiscal years.
Total Brokerage Commissions
Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||
Fund |
March 31, 2015 | March 31, 2014 | March 31, 2013 | |||||||||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
Low Duration Bond Fund |
8,436 | 0 | 850 | |||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund |
1,468 | 609 | 0 | |||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund |
2,037,483 | 356,908 | 196,184 | |||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
14,884 | 18,079 | 9,776 | |||||||||
Unconstrained Bond Fund |
34,546 | 1,168 | 2,571 | |||||||||
Strategic Income Fund |
4,455 | 2,406 | 0 | |||||||||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
650 | 378 | 364 | |||||||||
Floating Rate Income Fund (1) |
0 | 0 | N/A |
(1) | The Floating Rate Income Fund commenced operations on June 28, 2013. |
The Adviser has not obtained any soft dollar benefits from transactions by the Funds since their respective inception dates.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013, the Funds paid $3,390 in aggregate commissions to Newedge, USA, LLC (Newedge), an affiliated broker of the Funds. This amount represents 1.62% of the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Funds during 2013, and 32.10% of the aggregate dollar amount of transactions involving the payment of commissions. As of February 6, 2013, Newedge was no longer considered an affiliated broker of the Funds.
Page 47
Each Fund may at times invest in securities of its regular broker-dealers or the parent of its regular broker-dealers. The value of each Funds aggregate holdings of securities of its regular broker-dealers as of March 31, 2015 was as follows:
Fund Name |
Issuer |
Value of Funds Aggregate Holdings of Issuer |
||||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. Credit Suisse First Boston The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Morgan Stanley RBS Securities Inc. |
$
$ $ $ $ $ |
2,095,076
1,856,127 1,350,192 1,205,792 660,680 503,584 |
|
||
Low Duration Bond Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Credit Suisse First Boston Morgan Stanley RBS Securities Inc. UBS Securities LLC |
$
$ $ $ $ $ $ |
44,370,679
26,648,950 25,179,991 25,022,280 24,158,173 12,271,508 11,338,722 |
|
||
Intermediate Bond Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Morgan Stanley Credit Suisse First Boston UBS Securities LLC Citigroup Global Markets Inc. RBS Securities Inc. |
$
$ $ $ $ $ $ |
9,025,835
7,887,795 7,408,740 5,379,641 4,410,730 3,821,850 3,337,176 |
|
||
Total Return Bond Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. Morgan Stanley The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Credit Suisse First Boston Citigroup Global Markets Inc. RBS Securities Inc. UBS Securities LLC Barclays Capital, Inc. |
$
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ |
499,318,299
409,520,109 407,259,152 325,901,496 297,358,342 192,727,799 142,890,874 116,333 |
|
||
High Yield Bond Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
$
$ |
13,248,464
7,387,555 |
|
||
Unconstrained Bond Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. RBS Securities Inc. Morgan Stanley Credit Suisse First Boston UBS Securities LLC |
$
$ $ $ $ $ $ |
14,781,696
11,693,416 10,292,437 8,335,674 8,045,131 5,000,722 3,004,387 |
|
||
Strategic Income Fund |
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. |
$
$ |
2,616,100
2,130,577 |
|
||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. Credit Suisse First Boston |
$
$ |
85,939
25,004 |
|
||
Floating Rate Income Fund |
J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
$
$ $ |
1,496,693
1,405,666 1,038,343 |
|
Page 48
The Adviser, Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, with principal offices at 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017, is a registered investment adviser and was organized as a California limited liability company in 1996. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of TCW Asset Management Company.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement relating to the Funds (the Advisory Agreement), the Adviser provides the Funds with investment management services. As compensation for these services, each Fund pays management fees at an annualized rate of its average daily net assets, as described in the Prospectus. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the amounts of the advisory fees earned by the Adviser and the amounts of the reductions in fees and reimbursements of expenses by the Adviser as a result of the expense limitations and fee waivers described in the Prospectus, are provided in the chart below.
Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2015 |
Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2014 |
Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual
Advisory Fees |
Advisory Fees
Reduced and Expenses Reimbursed by Adviser |
Contractual
Advisory Fees |
Advisory Fees
Reduced and Expenses Reimbursed by Adviser |
Contractual
Advisory Fees |
Advisory Fees
Reduced and Expenses Reimbursed by Adviser |
|||||||||||||||||||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
$ | 471,461 | $ | 255,027 | $ | 430,429 | $ | 163,689 | $ | 281,310 | $ | 158,547 | ||||||||||||
Low Duration Bond Fund |
$ | 10,908,861 | $ | 184,754 | $ | 8,555,233 | $ | 0 | $ | 5,110,506 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Intermediate Bond Fund |
$ | 2,796,564 | $ | 53,882 | $ | 1,368,170 | $ | 103,858 | $ | 1,051,823 | $ | 117,147 | ||||||||||||
Total Return Bond Fund |
$ | 140,478,557 | $ | 189,006 | $ | 88,835,942 | $ | 0 | $ | 78,277,507 | $ | 24,065 | ||||||||||||
High Yield Bond Fund |
$ | 9,498,578 | $ | 785,013 | $ | 11,151,937 | $ | 358,500 | $ | 11,698,990 | $ | 681,824 | ||||||||||||
Unconstrained Bond Fund (1) |
$ | 7,624,504 | $ | 57,572 | $ | 3,140,534 | $ | 189,031 | $ | 477,985 | $ | 261,222 | ||||||||||||
Strategic Income Fund |
$ | 3,620,271 | $ | 45,177 | $ | 4,291,005 | $ | 0 | $ | 3,424,765 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
$ | 8,722 | $ | 112,318 | $ | 32,386 | $ | 129,255 | $ | 38,274 | $ | 120,886 | ||||||||||||
Floating Rate Income Fund (2) |
$ | 744,564 | $ | 83,121 | $ | 415,407 | $ | 123,362 | N/A | N/A |
(1) | The Unconstrained Bond Fund commenced operations on October 1, 2011. |
(2) | The Floating Rate Income Fund commenced operations on June 28, 2013. |
The Board of Trustees of the Trust, including the Independent Trustees, approved the Advisory Agreement with respect to the Funds pursuant to Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Before approving the Advisory Agreement, the Board evaluated information provided by the Adviser. The Board considered a number of factors with respect to each of the Funds. Based on this review, the full Board, and by separate vote, the Independent Trustees concluded that the advisory fees to be paid by the Funds, as well as the proposed expenses of the Funds, are fair, both absolutely and in comparison with those of other mutual funds in the industry. Shareholder reports (normally the semi-annual report) will provide a discussion of the basis for the Boards decision to approve/renew the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund.
The Adviser has agreed in an Operating Expenses Agreement with the Trust to limit each Funds expenses as described in the Prospectus. The Operating Expenses Agreement has a one-year term, renewable with respect to the periods for which the prospectus is effective, which normally means an annual term ending July 31 of the applicable year. Each Fund has agreed to reimburse the Adviser, for a period of up to three years, for any such expense subsidy payments or fee reductions, to the extent that the Funds operating expenses are otherwise below its expense cap (excluding the AlphaTrak 500 Fund and the Strategic Income Fund, which shall reimburse the Adviser to the extent that the Funds other expenses as described in the Prospectus, are below an agreed-upon cap). The Advisers obligation will not be recorded as a liability on the books of the applicable Fund to the extent that the total operating expenses (other expenses with respect to the AlphaTrak 500 Fund and the Strategic Income Fund) of the Fund are at or above the expense cap. However, if the total operating expenses (other expenses with respect to the AlphaTrak 500 Fund and the Strategic Income Fund) of a Fund fall below the expense cap, the reimbursement to the Adviser (up to the cap) will be accrued by the
Page 49
Fund as a liability if the Adviser seeks to recoup those amounts and the Independent Trustees have approved that reimbursement. The Adviser may not request or receive reimbursement from a Fund for prior reductions or reimbursements before the payment of a Funds operating expenses for the current fiscal year. Certain officers and trustees of the Funds are also officers and directors of the Adviser.
Other Accounts Managed
The following tables provide information about funds and accounts, other than the Funds, for which the Funds portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of March 31, 2015.
Tad Rivelle
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
27 | $ | 91,634.1 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
12 | $ | 3,129.6 | 26 | $ | 2,612.0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
216 | $ | 23,581.0 | 5 | $ | 2,754.4 |
Stephen Kane, CFA
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
29 | $ | 84,511.6 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
18 | $ | 5,676.2 | 26 | $ | 2,612.0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
217 | $ | 23,711.8 | 5 | $ | 2,754.4 |
Laird R. Landmann
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
27 | $ | 84,520.0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
14 | $ | 4,492.1 | 27 | $ | 2,630.5 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
214 | $ | 23,476.5 | 5 | $ | 2,754.4 |
Page 50
Mitch Flack
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
4 | $ | 9,299.0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
2 | $ | 56.5 | 23 | $ | 2,044.0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
23 | $ | 4,600.8 | 1 | $ | 206.2 |
Jamie Farnham
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
5 | $ | 2,232.7 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
3 | $ | 1,413.8 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
6 | $ | 496 | 1 | $ | 517.3 |
Gino Nucci
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
3 | $ | 1,619.0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
5 | $ | 2,537.2 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 |
Jerry Cudzil
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
1 | $ | 143.9 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 |
Bryan T. Whalen
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(millions) |
# of Accounts Managed
with Performance-Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with
Performance-Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies: |
12 | $ | 81,969.1 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
6 | $ | 1,771.2 | 27 | $ | 2,206.7 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts: |
38 | $ | 8,352.2 | 1 | $ | 206.2 |
Page 51
Portfolio Manager Compensation
The overall objective of the Advisers compensation program for portfolio managers is to attract competent and expert investment professionals and to retain them over the long-term. Compensation is comprised of several components which, in the aggregate, are designed to achieve these objectives and to reward the portfolio managers for their contributions to the successful performance of the accounts they manage. Portfolio managers are compensated through a combination of base salary, profit sharing based compensation ( profit sharing ), bonus and equity incentive participation in the Advisers parent company ( equity incentives ). Profit sharing and equity incentives generally represent most of the portfolio managers compensation. In some cases, portfolio managers are eligible for discretionary bonuses.
Salary . Salary is agreed to with managers at time of employment and is reviewed from time to time. It does not change significantly and often does not constitute a significant part of the portfolio managers compensation.
Profit Sharing . Profit sharing is linked quantitatively to a fixed percentage of net income relating to accounts in the investment strategy area for which the portfolio managers are responsible and is typically paid quarterly. In most cases, revenues are allocated to a pool and profit sharing compensation is paid out after the deduction of certain expenses (including base salaries) related to the strategy group. The profit sharing percentage used to compensate a portfolio manager for management of the Funds is generally the same as that used to compensate portfolio managers for all other client accounts in the same strategy managed by the Adviser or one of the other TCW-affiliated advisers (together, the TCW Group ). Income included in a profit sharing pool will relate to the products managed by the portfolio manager. In some cases, the pool includes revenues related to more than one equity or fixed income product where the portfolio managers work together as a team, in which case each participant in the pool is entitled to profit sharing derived from all the included products. In certain cases, a portfolio manager may also participate in a profit sharing pool that includes revenues from products besides the strategies offered in the Funds, including alternative investment products; the portfolio manager would be entitled to participate in such pool where he or she supervises, is involved in the management of, or is associated with a group, other members of which manage, such products. Profit sharing arrangements are generally the result of agreement between the portfolio manager and the TCW Group, although in some cases they may be discretionary based on supervisor allocation.
In some cases, the profit sharing percentage is subject to increase based on the relative pre-tax performance of the investment strategy composite returns, net of fees and expenses, to that of the benchmark. The measurement of performance relative to the benchmark can be based on single year or multiple year metrics, or a combination thereof. The benchmark used is the one associated with the Fund managed by the portfolio manager as disclosed in the prospectus. Benchmarks vary from strategy to strategy but, within a given strategy, the same benchmark applies to all accounts, including the Funds.
Discretionary Bonus/Guaranteed Minimums . In general, portfolio managers do not receive discretionary bonuses. However, in some cases bonuses may be paid on a discretionary basis out of a department profit sharing pool, as determined by the supervisor(s) in the department. In other cases where portfolio managers do not receive profit sharing or where the company has determined the combination of salary and profit sharing does not adequately compensate the portfolio manager, discretionary bonuses may be paid by the TCW Group. Also, pursuant to contractual arrangements, some portfolio managers may be entitled to a mandatory bonus if the sum of their salary and profit sharing does not meet certain minimum thresholds.
Equity Incentives . Many portfolio managers participate in equity incentives based on overall firm performance of the TCW Group and its affiliates, through ownership or participation in restricted unit plans that vest over time or unit appreciation plans of the Advisers parent company. The plans include the Fixed Income Retention Plan, Restricted Unit Plan and 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan.
Under the Fixed Income Retention Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income area were awarded cash and/or partnership units in the Advisers parent company, either on a contractually-determined basis or on a discretionary basis. Awards under this plan were made in 2010 that vest over a period of time and other awards are granted annually.
Under the Restricted Unit Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas were awarded partnership units in the Advisers parent company. Awards under this plan vest over time. Vesting is in part dependent on satisfaction of performance criteria.
Under the 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas are awarded options to acquire partnership units in the Advisers parent company with a strike price equal to the fair market value of the option at the date of grant. The options granted under the plan are subject to vesting and other conditions.
Page 52
Other Plans and Compensation Vehicles . Portfolio managers may also elect to participate in the TCW Groups 401(k) plan, to which they may contribute a portion of their preand post-tax compensation to the plan for investment on a tax-deferred basis.
Ownership of Securities . The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each portfolio manager in the Funds as of March 31, 2015.
Dollar Range of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned | ||
Ultra Short Bond Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Laird Landmann Stephen Kane Mitch Flack Bryan T. Whalen |
None
$50,001 - $100,000 None $100,001 - $500,000 None |
|
Low Duration Bond Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Bryan T. Whalen |
Over $1,000,000
Over $1,000,000 $100,001 - $500,000 None |
|
Intermediate Bond Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Bryan T. Whalen |
None
None None None |
|
Total Return Bond Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Bryan T. Whalen |
None
$500,001 - $1,000,000
$100,001 - $500,000 |
|
High Yield Bond Fund |
||
Laird R. Landmann Stephen Kane Gino Nucci Jamie Farnham |
$500,001 - $1,000,000
$100,001 - $500,000 $50,001 - $100,000 $100,001 - $500,000 |
|
Unconstrained Bond Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Bryan T. Whalen |
None
Over $1,000,000 None None |
|
Strategic Income Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Bryan T. Whalen |
None
None $500,001 - $1,000,000 None |
|
AlphaTrak 500 Fund |
||
Tad Rivelle Stephen Kane |
$10,001 - $50,000
$10,001 - $50,000 |
|
Floating Rate Income Fund |
||
Stephen Kane Laird R. Landmann Jamie Farnham Jerry Cudzil |
None
None None None |
Page 53
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board of Trustees has adopted a policy regarding disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings. The Funds currently disclose portfolio holdings with respect to holdings at the end of the second and fourth quarters in their semi-annual and annual reports to shareholders, and with respect to holdings at the end of the first and third quarters in their Form N-Q reports, which are available at www.sec.gov and www.mwamllc.com . The Funds or the Adviser may distribute non-specific information about the Funds and/or summary information about the Funds at any time. Such information will not identify any specific portfolio holding, but may reflect, among other things, the quality or character of a Funds holdings.
In addition, it is the policy of the Funds to provide certain unaudited information regarding the portfolio composition of the Funds as of month-end to shareholders and others upon request to the Funds, beginning on the 15th calendar day after the end of the month (or, if not a business day, the next business day thereafter). These complete holdings lists are not contained on the Funds website. Top ten quarter-end holdings lists and other portfolio characteristics at month-end for certain Funds may be posted on the Funds website at www.mwamllc.com .
Shareholders and others who wish to obtain portfolio holdings for a particular month may make a request by contacting the Funds between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Pacific time, Monday through Friday, toll free at (877) 829-4768 beginning on the 15th day following the end of that month (or, if not a business day, the next business day thereafter). Requests for Portfolio holdings may be made on a monthly basis pursuant to this procedure, or standing requests for portfolio holdings may be accepted.
Persons making requests will be asked to provide their name and a mailing address, e-mail address or fax number. The Funds reserve the right to refuse to fulfill a request if they believe that providing portfolio holdings would be contrary to the best interests of the Funds. Such decisions are made by personnel of the Adviser of the Title of Managing Director or Executive Vice President or higher.
In addition to the policy stated above, the Funds may disclose portfolio holdings at other times to analysts or ratings agencies. Personnel of the Adviser of a title of Senior Vice President or higher are permitted to authorize the release of the Funds portfolio holdings, as necessary, in conformity with the procedures. The disclosure of portfolio holdings in this context is conditioned on the recipient agreeing to treat such portfolio holdings as confidential (provided that analysts and rating agencies may publish portfolio positions upon the consent of personnel of the Adviser of the title of Senior Vice President or higher, under circumstances where such personnel determine that such information is publicly available through the Funds website or by other means, or will become publicly available through such publication), and agreeing to stand-still provisions that do not allow the portfolio holdings to be used in connection with the purchase or sale of shares of the Funds. In addition, portfolio holdings are provided or otherwise available to third-party service providers of the Funds, including the Funds custodian, pricing services, broker-dealers to facilitate trading and administrators, as necessary for the provision of services to the Funds. In the absence of a written confidentiality agreement, the recipient must be subject to professional or ethical obligations not to disclose or otherwise improperly use the information, such as would apply to independent registered public accounting firms or legal counsel. No compensation is received by the Funds or the Adviser in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.
Current or quarterly portfolio holdings may be disclosed to governmental authorities pursuant to applicable laws or regulations, or a judicial, regulatory or other similar request. Information regarding the characteristics of a Fund portfolio, such as its current credit quality or duration, may be provided upon request, subject to the discretion of the Funds officers. Exceptions to the Funds portfolio holdings disclosure policies may be granted only by an Officer of the Funds or the Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser upon a determination that the release of information would be appropriate for legitimate business purposes, and must be reported quarterly to the Board of Trustees. There is no guarantee that the Funds policies on the use and dissemination of portfolio holdings information will protect the Funds from the potential misuse of holdings by individuals or firms in possession of such information.
ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES
The Funds have a Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement with BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (BNY Mellon), which has offices at 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406. The Agreement provides that BNY Mellon will perform certain administrative services for the Trust including, among other things, prepare and coordinate with the Funds and Funds counsel the filing of the Funds annual post-effective amendment; assemble and distribute quarterly Board materials including the drafting of notices, agendas and resolutions for quarterly Board meetings; maintain the Trusts corporate records; administratively assist in arranging the fidelity bond and directors and officers/errors and omissions insurance policies; and maintain the Trusts regulatory calendar. BNY Mellon also performs certain administrative and accounting services for the Trust such as preparing and filing shareholder reports, preparing and filing federal and state tax returns on behalf of the Trust and providing statistical and research data. In addition, BNY Mellon prepares and files certain reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies and
Page 54
prepares certain materials required by the SEC or any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Trust. The accounting services performed by BNY Mellon include maintaining the accounting books and records of the Funds, calculating the Funds net asset value per share, maintaining records relating to the securities transactions of the Funds and coordinating the preparation and payment of Fund-related expenses. The amount of administration and accounting services fees paid by each Fund to BNY Mellon for the last three fiscal years is as follows:
Administration and Accounting Fees |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year
|
Ultra Short
Bond Fund |
Low
Duration Bond Fund |
Intermediate
Bond Fund |
Total
Return Bond Fund |
High Yield
Bond Fund |
Unconstrained
Bond Fund (1) |
Strategic
Income Fund |
AlphaTrak
500 Fund |
Floating
Rate Income Fund (2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2015 |
$ | 124,333 | $ | 519,697 | $ | 205,113 | $ | 3,891,814 | $ | 293,096 | $ | 310,990 | $ | 161,039 | $ | 65,336 | $ | 101,226 | ||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2014 |
$ | 117,414 | $ | 426,461 | $ | 158,377 | $ | 2,624,366 | $ | 328,601 | $ | 197,153 | $ | 141,181 | $ | 63,712 | $ | 64,368 | ||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2013 |
$ | 104,406 | $ | 363,355 | $ | 150,865 | $ | 3,194,613 | $ | 384,398 | $ | 101,397 | $ | 122,328 | $ | 50,826 | N/A |
(1) | The Unconstrained Bond Fund commenced operations on October 1, 2011. |
(2) | The Floating Rate Income Fund commenced operations on June 28, 2013. |
In addition to the services provided by BNY Mellon as described above, the Adviser provides various supplemental administrative services under an administrative services agreement. Those services may include, without limitation, administrative, compliance, legal, operational, accounting and other middle and back office activities and services, including the review and coordination of services provided by BNY Mellon. The Adviser is reimbursed a portion of its costs in providing those supplemental administrative services to the Funds under an agreement and in an amount approved by the Board of Trustees. The portion of the Advisers costs that is expected to be reimbursed annually based on the Boards approval is approximately $650,000 for the Trust, and will be reviewed and approved annually by the Board and the Independent Trustees.
The Bank of New York Mellon, located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as the Funds custodian under a separate Custodian Agreement. Under the Custodian Agreement, The Bank of New York (i) maintains a separate account or accounts in the name of each Fund, (ii) holds and transfers portfolio securities on account of each Fund, (iii) accepts receipts and makes disbursements of money on behalf of each Fund, (iv) collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of each Funds securities, and (v) makes periodic reports to the Board of Trustees concerning each Funds operations. Pursuant to applicable rules, The Bank of New York Mellon also acts as the Funds foreign custody manager.
Pursuant to applicable rules, the Funds also maintain futures accounts with Barclays Bank PLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., both of which are investment banks. Because of margin requirements for futures transactions, certain Funds assets occasionally may be held in the accounts instead of with the Funds custodian.
BNY Mellon also serves as the transfer agent for the Funds under a Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement.
Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the Underwriter), located at 400 Berwyn Park, 899 Cassatt Road, Berwyn, PA 19312, is a broker-dealer that serves as each Funds principal underwriter in a continuous public offering of the Funds shares on a best-efforts basis. The Underwriter is not affiliated with the Trust, the Adviser or any other service provider for the Funds.
Under an Underwriting Agreement with the Trust (the Underwriting Agreement), the Underwriter acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Underwriter continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Underwriter has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Underwriter and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
The Underwriter may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Funds. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund supermarket platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the Underwriter, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Underwriter. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Funds.
Page 55
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediarys procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although costumers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Underwriter does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a 12b-1 Plan is effective. The Adviser pays the Underwriter a fee for certain distribution-related services.
After its initial term of two years, the Underwriting Agreement between the Funds and the Underwriter will continue in effect for periods not exceeding one year if approved at least annually by (i) the Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of each Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) and (ii) a majority of the Independent Trustees, in each case cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement. The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated without penalty by the parties thereto upon 60 days written notice, and it is automatically terminated in the event of its assignment as defined in the 1940 Act.
The Trust has adopted a Share Marketing Plan (or Rule 12b-1 Plan) (the 12b-1 Plan) with respect to the Funds pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Underwriter serves as the Distribution Coordinator under the 12b-1 Plan and, as such, receives for disbursement any fees paid by the Funds pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan.
On April 1, 1997, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan adopted the 12b-1 Plan for Class M shares of the Ultra Short Bond Fund, Low Duration Bond Fund and Total Return Bond Fund. On May 18, 1998, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan, adopted the Plan for the AlphaTrak 500 Fund. On June 10, 2002, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan, adopted the Plan for Class M shares of the High Yield Bond Fund and Intermediate Bond Fund. On May 19, 2003, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan, adopted the 12b-1 Plan for Class M shares of the Strategic Income Fund. On September 19, 2011, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan, or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan, adopted the 12b-1 Plan for Class M shares of the Unconstrained Bond Fund. On May 20, 2013, the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan, or in any agreement related to the 12b-1 Plan, adopted the 12b-1 Plan for Class M shares of the Floating Rate Income Fund. The Funds Rule 12b-1 plan covers the Class M shares of each of the Funds. The 12b-1 Plan also covers the Administrative Class shares of the Low Duration Bond Fund and Total Return Bond Fund.
Under the 12b-1 Plan, each Fund pays distribution fees to the Distribution Coordinator at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the Funds aggregate average daily net assets to reimburse expenses incurred in connection with the promotion and distribution of each Funds shares. The promotional and distribution activities paid by the 12b-1 Plan include, but are not limited to, compensation of intermediaries such as broker-dealers that sponsor fund marketplaces or platforms, and service shareholder accounts. The Adviser has undertaken to limit the 12b-1 Plan expenses to 0.21% for the Total Return Bond Fund, 0.19% for the Low Duration Bond Fund, 0.21% for the Intermediate Bond Fund and 0.16% for the Ultra Short Bond Fund for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2015. The AlphaTrak 500 Fund is presently waiving all Rule 12b-1 fees.
The 12b-1 Plan provides that the Distribution Coordinator may use the Rule 12b-1 distribution fees received from a Fund only to pay for the distribution and shareholder servicing expenses of the Fund. Distribution fees are accrued daily and paid monthly, and are charged as expense of the shares as accrued.
A Fund is not obligated under the 12b-1 Plan to pay any distribution expense in excess of the distribution fee. Thus, if the 12b-1 Plan were terminated or otherwise not continued, no amounts (other than current amounts accrued but not yet paid) would be owed to the Distribution Coordinator. Using its own resources, the Adviser may pay distribution and other fees and expenses in excess of the distribution fee under agreements with certain intermediaries (such as but not limited to broker-dealers, banks, employee benefit plan alliances, record keepers or other financial institutions) under selling or servicing agreements for the Funds.
The 12b-1 Plan provides that it shall continue in effect from year to year provided that a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, vote annually to continue the 12b-1 Plan. The 12b-1 Plan (and any distribution agreement between the Trust, the Underwriter or the Adviser and a selling agent) may be terminated without penalty upon at least 60-days notice by the Underwriter or the Adviser, or by the Trust by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares (as defined in the 1940 Act).
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All distribution fees paid by the Funds under the 12b-1 Plan will be paid in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 2830, as such Rule may change from time to time. Pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan, the Board of Trustees will review at least quarterly a written report of the distribution expenses on behalf of each Fund. In addition, as long as the 12b-1 Plan remains in effect, the selection and nomination of Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust shall be made by the Trustees then in office who are not interested persons of the Trust.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, 12b-1 fees were paid by the Funds as shown in the following table. All of the amounts shown were paid as compensation and shareholder servicing fees to broker/dealers, recordkeepers and other intermediaries that provide shareholder services. These amounts reflect actual payments made by the Funds net of reimbursement by the Adviser. The Funds did not have any unreimbursed expenses carried over to future years.
Fund |
12b-1 Fees Paid for Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2015 |
|||
Ultra Short Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 145,076 | ||
Low Duration Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 3,673,856 | ||
Intermediate Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 325,547 | ||
Total Return Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 26,573,944 | ||
High Yield Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 2,560,111 | ||
Unconstrained Bond Fund Class M |
$ | 1,053,488 | ||
Strategic Income Fund Class M |
$ | 189,492 | ||
AlphaTrak 500 Fund Class M |
None | |||
Floating Rate Income Fund Class M |
$ | 17,518 |
In addition, Adviser and its affiliates may, at their own expense and out of their own legitimate profits or other resources, pay additional compensation to an authorized broker-dealer, investment adviser, financial adviser, retirement plan administrator, insurance company, or other financial intermediary that has entered into a distribution agreement, service agreement or other type of arrangement with Adviser, the Underwriter or the Funds (Authorized Firms) for selling or servicing one or more class of Fund shares. Authorized Firms that receive these payments may be affiliated with Adviser. Payments may relate to selling and/or servicing activities, such as: access to an Authorized Firms customers or network; recordkeeping services; aggregating, netting and transmission of orders; generation of sales and other informational materials; individual or broad-based marketing and sales activities; wholesaling activities; conferences; retention of assets; new sales of Fund shares, and a wide range of other activities. Compensation amounts generally vary, and can include various initial and on-going payments. Additional compensation may also be paid to broker-dealers who offer certain Funds as part of a special preferred-list or other preferred treatment program. Additional compensation creates a potential conflict of interest in the form of an additional financial incentive to a registered representative of an Authorized Firm to recommend the purchase of the Funds over another mutual fund or another investment option. As of March 31, 2015, the Adviser has entered into arrangements to make additional distribution related payments to the following Authorized Firms: Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., BPA, Charles Schwab & Co Inc., Edward D Jones & Co LP, Fidelity Investments, Financial Data Services (Merril Lynch Pierce Fenner), First Clearing/Wells Fargo Advisors, GWFS Equities In, Hartford Life Insurance, ING Institutional Plan Services, JP Morgan Retirement Plan, Lincoln Financial Group, LPL Financial Corporation, MassMutual Financial Group, Mercer HR Services, Morgan Stanley, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, MSCS Financial Services LLC, Nationwide Financial Services Inc., New York Life, Pershing LLC, Principal Life Insurance, Prudential Investment Management Services, Raymond James Financial Services, RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Schwab 529 (Allianz Global Investors), T. Rowe Price, TD Ameritrade Inc., The Newport Group, TIAA-CREF Individual, UBS Financial Services Inc., Vanguard Fiduciary Trust and Wells Group. Inclusion on this list does not imply that the additional compensation paid to such Authorized Firms necessarily constitutes special cash compensation as defined by FINRA Conduct Rule 2830(l)(4). The Adviser will update this listing annually and interim arrangements may not be reflected. The Adviser and the Funds assume no duty to notify any investor whether an Authorized Firm through which he/she invests should be included in any such listing. You are encouraged to review the prospectus for each Fund for any other compensation arrangements pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. You also are encouraged to ask your brokerage representative or other contact with the distribution platform (or broker) what compensation that person or the relevant firm may be receiving for your investment in the Funds.
The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Servicing Plan that allows each Fund to pay to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries a fee for shareholder services provided to Fund shareholders who invest in the Administrative Class shares of the Fund through the intermediary. The fee is payable at an annual rate not to exceed 0.25% of the Funds average daily net assets invested through the intermediary, or such lower amount specified in the then-current prospectus (which currently specifies 0.20%). Because
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these fees are paid out of the Funds assets, over time these fees will also increase the cost of a shareholders investment in the Administrative Class shares of the Fund. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Low Duration Bond Fund Administrative Class paid shareholder servicing fees of $8,633, $3,058 and $2,229, respectively. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Total Return Bond Fund Administrative Class paid shareholder servicing fees of $212,715, $48,127 and $22,174, respectively.
The shareholder services that may be provided under the Shareholder Servicing Plan are non-distribution shareholder services that the intermediary provides with respect to Administrative class shares of the Fund owned from time to time by customers of the intermediary. Such services include but are not limited to (i) transfer agent and sub-transfer agent type of services for beneficial owners of those Fund shares, (ii) aggregating and processing purchase and redemption orders for Fund shareholders, (iii) providing beneficial owners of Fund shares who are not record owners with statements showing their positions in the Fund, (iv) processing dividend payments for Fund shares, (v) providing sub-accounting services for Fund shares held beneficially, (vi) forwarding shareholder communications, such as proxies, shareholder reports, dividend and tax notices, and updated prospectuses to beneficial owners of Fund shares who are not record owners, (vii) receiving, tabulating and transmitting proxies executed by beneficial owners of Fund shares who are not record owners, (viii) responding generally to inquiries these shareholders have about the Fund or Funds, and (ix) providing such other information and assistance to these shareholders as they may reasonably request.
OTHER SHAREHOLDER SERVICING EXPENSES PAID BY THE FUNDS
Each Fund is authorized to compensate each broker-dealer and other third-party intermediary up to 0.10 percent (10 basis points) of the assets serviced for that Fund by that intermediary for shareholder services to each Fund and its shareholders. These services constitute sub-recordkeeping, sub-transfer agent or similar services and are similar in scope to services provided by the transfer agent to a Fund. These expenses paid by a Fund would remain subject to any overall expense limitation applicable to that Fund. These expenses are in addition to any supplemental amounts the Adviser pays out of its own resources and are in addition to the Funds payment of any amounts through the 12b-1 Plan. This amount may be adjusted, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees.
As stated in the Prospectus, the net asset value per share of each Funds shares will be determined at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) (generally 4:00 p.m. ET, but the NYSE sometimes closes earlier) on each day that the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading; the most recent announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Years Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NYSE may, however, close on days not included in that announcement. No Fund is required to compute its net asset value on any day on which no order to purchase or redeem its shares is received. The daily net asset value may not reflect the closing market price for all futures contracts held by the Funds because the markets for certain futures contracts close shortly after the time net asset value is calculated.
Fixed-income securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at prices as provided by independent pricing vendors. As appropriate, quotations for high yield bonds may also take additional factors into consideration such as the activity of the underlying equity or sector movements. However, securities with a demand feature exercisable within one to seven days are valued at par. The Funds receive pricing information from independent pricing vendors approved by the Board of Trustees. The Funds use what they refer to as a benchmark pricing system to the extent vendors prices for securities are either inaccurate (such as when the reported prices are different from recent known market transactions) or are not available from another pricing source. For a security priced using this system, the Adviser, initially selects a proxy comprised of a relevant security (i.e., U.S. Treasury Note) or benchmark (i.e., LIBOR) and a multiplier, divisor or margin that the Adviser believes would together best reflect changes in the market value of the security. The Adviser adjusts the value of the security daily based on changes to the market price of the assigned benchmark. Once each month, the Adviser obtains from one or more dealers an independent review of prices produced by the benchmark system as well as a review of the benchmark selected to adjust the price. Although the Adviser believes that benchmark pricing is the most reliable method for pricing securities not priced by pricing services, there is no assurance that the benchmark price reflects the actual price for which a Fund could sell a security. The accuracy of benchmark pricing depends on the judgment of one or more market makers regarding a securitys market price, as well as the choice of the appropriate benchmark, subject to review by the Adviser. The benchmark pricing system is continuously reviewed by the Adviser and implemented according to the pricing policy reviewed at least annually by the Board of Trustees.
Debt securities that mature in fewer than 60 days are valued at amortized cost if their original maturity was 60 or fewer days or by amortizing the value as of the 61st day before maturity, if their original term to maturity exceeded 60 days (unless the Board of Trustees determines that this method does not represent fair value).
Fixed income securities can be complicated financial instruments. There are many methodologies (including computer based analytical modeling and individual security evaluations) available to generate approximations of their market value, and there is significant professional disagreement about which is best. No evaluation method may consistently generate approximations that correspond to actual traded prices of the instruments. Evaluations may not reflect the transaction price at which an investment can be purchased or sold in the market.
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Equity securities, including depository receipts, are valued at the last reported sale price or the markets closing price on the exchange or market on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any sales, at the average of the latest bid and ask prices. In cases where equity securities are traded on more than one exchange, the securities are valued on the exchange or market determined by the Adviser to be the broadest and most representative market, which may be either a securities exchange or the over-the-counter market. S&P 500 futures contracts generally are valued at the first sale price after 4:00 p.m. ET on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. All other futures contracts are valued at the official settlement price of the exchange on which the applicable contract is traded. Changes to market closure times may alter when futures contracts are valued.
Trading in securities listed on foreign securities exchanges is normally completed before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. In addition, foreign securities trading may not take place on all business days in New York and may occur on days on which the NYSE is not open. In addition, foreign currency exchange rates are generally determined prior to the close of trading on the NYSE. Events affecting the value of foreign securities and currencies will not be reflected in the determination of net asset value unless the Board of Trustees determines that the particular event would materially affect net asset value, in which case an adjustment will be made. Foreign currency exchange transactions conducted on a spot basis are valued at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign exchange market.
Securities and other assets that cannot be valued as described above will be valued at their fair value as determined by the Adviser under guidelines established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Board of Trustees. These guidelines generally take into account appropriate factors such as institutional-sized trading in similar groups of securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics, and other market data. Information that becomes known to the Funds or their agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or the NAV determined earlier that day. Valuing a security at a fair value involves relying on a good faith value judgment made by individuals rather than on price quotations obtained in the marketplace. Although intended to reflect the actual value at which securities could be sold in the market, the fair value of one or more securities could be different from the actual value at which those securities could be sold in the market. Therefore, if a shareholder purchases or redeems shares in a Fund and the Fund holds securities priced at fair value, valuing a security at a fair value may have the unintended effect of increasing or decreasing the number of shares received in a purchase or the value of the proceeds received upon a redemption.
Each Funds liabilities are allocated among its classes. The total of such liabilities allocated to a class plus that classs distribution and/or servicing fees (if any) and any other expenses specially allocated to that class are then deducted from the classs proportionate interest in the Funds assets, and the resulting amount for each class is divided by the number of shares of that class outstanding to produce the classs net asset value per share.
CONVERSION OF SHARES BETWEEN CLASSES
You will be permitted to convert shares between Class I Shares and Class M Shares and the Plan Class, provided that your investment meets the minimum initial investment requirements in the other class, that the shares of the other class are eligible for sale in your state of residence and those shares are otherwise available for offer and sale. When an individual shareholder cannot meet the initial investment requirements of the other class, conversions of shares from one class to another class will be permitted if such a shareholders investment is normally aggregated with other shareholders requests, such as through a broker dealers omnibus account. Shareholders will not be charged any fees by the Funds for such conversions, nor shall any intermediary charge any fees for such conversions. Ongoing fees and expenses incurred by a given share class will differ from those of other share classes, and a shareholder receiving new shares in an intra-Fund exchange may be subject to higher or lower total expenses following such exchange. Not all Funds offer all classes of shares or may be open to new investors. Conversion transactions will be effected only into an identically registered account. Conversion transactions will not be treated as a redemption for federal income tax purposes. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors as to the federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of an intra-Fund exchange. Such conversion transactions must be effected accordingly to other applicable law. The Funds also reserve the right to revise or terminate the conversion privilege, limit the amount or number of conversions or reject any conversion. A conversion of shares between Class I Shares and Class M Shares and Plan Class Shares is exempt from the Frequent Trading Policy described in the prospectus.
If the Board of Trustees determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of any Fund to make payment wholly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities from the portfolio of that Fund, in lieu of cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which each Fund is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or one percent of the net asset value of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation the Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in kind. If shares are redeemed in kind, the redeeming shareholder would incur brokerage costs in converting the assets into cash.
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Each Fund has elected and intends to continue to qualify to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). Each Fund is taxed as a separate entity under Subchapter M and must qualify on a separate basis. Qualification as a regulated investment company requires, among other things, that (a) at least 90% of a Funds annual gross income, without offset for losses from the sale or other disposition of securities, be derived from interest, dividends, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities, foreign currencies or options (including forward contracts) thereon; and (b) a Fund diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds assets is represented by cash, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the Funds assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities), two or more issuers that the Fund controls and are engaged in the same or similar business or qualified publicly-traded partnerships. In addition, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its net investment income, other than net capital gains, earned in each year. As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions of the Code, a Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable income (including realized capital gains) that it distributes to shareholders in accordance with the timing requirements of the Code.
A Fund must pay an excise tax to the extent it does not distribute to its shareholders during each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year, 98.2% of its capital gains over capital losses for the one-year period ending October 31 in such calendar year, and all undistributed ordinary income and capital gains for the preceding respective one-year period. The Funds intend to meet these distribution requirements to avoid excise tax liability. If the net asset value of shares of a Fund should, by reason of a distribution of realized capital gains, be reduced below a shareholders cost, such distribution would to that extent be a return of capital to that shareholder even though taxable to the shareholder, and a sale of shares by a shareholder at net asset value at that time would establish a capital loss for federal income tax purposes.
In addition, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, Section 1411 of the Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts, and of certain trusts and estates under similar rules. The details of the implementation of this tax and of the calculation of net investment income, among other issues, are currently unclear and remain subject to future guidance. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things: (i) distributions paid by the Fund of net investment income and capital gains (other than exempt-interest dividends) as described below, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption, or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
Corporate shareholders are eligible to deduct 70% of dividends received from domestic corporations. The Funds pass through this benefit to their corporate shareholders subject to limitations under Section 854 of the Code. The dividends-received deduction is allowed to a corporate shareholder only if the shareholder satisfies a 46-day holding period for the dividend-paying stock (or a 91-day period for certain dividends on preferred stock). The 46-day and 91-day holding periods generally do not include any time in which the shareholder is protected from the risk of loss otherwise inherent in the ownership of an equity interest. The Relief Reconciliation Act provided that the taxpayer must satisfy the holding period requirement with respect to each dividend. This determination is made by looking at the 91-day (181-day) period starting 45 days (90 days) before the ex-dividend date. The 46 days (91 days) do not have to be consecutive and do not include any day in which risk of loss is diminished.
A Fund must satisfy the above holding period requirements in order to pass through this benefit to its corporate shareholders. In addition, a corporate shareholder of a Fund must also satisfy the holding period requirement with respect to its Fund Shares. In determining the extent to which a Funds dividends may be eligible for the 70% dividends-received deduction by corporate shareholders, interest income, capital gain net income, gain or loss from Section 1256 contracts (described below), dividend income from foreign corporations and income from other sources will not constitute qualified dividends. Corporate shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding other requirements applicable to the dividends-received deduction.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in connection therewith by the Funds. Income from foreign currencies (except certain gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by a Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when a Fund purchases an option, the premium paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by a Fund upon the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be capital gain or loss.
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Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by a Fund that substantially diminishes the Funds risk of loss from any other position held by the Fund may constitute a straddle for federal income tax purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of a Funds gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on disposition of the offsetting position; that the Funds holding period in certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly resulting in the gain not being treated as long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses, be treated as long-term losses. Different elections are available to a Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are subject to Section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256 Contracts) and that are held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be marked to market for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term gain or loss.
A Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations. A Fund may invest in the stock of foreign investment companies that may be treated as passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) under the Code. Certain other foreign corporations, not operated as investment companies, may nevertheless satisfy the PFIC definition. A portion of the income and gains that a Fund derives from PFIC stock may be subject to a non-deductible federal income tax at the Fund level. In some cases, a Fund may be able to avoid this tax by electing to be taxed currently on its share of the PFICs income, whether or not such income is actually distributed by the PFIC. Each Fund will endeavor to limit its exposure to the PFIC tax by investing in PFICs only where the election to be taxed currently will be made. Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign issuer as a PFIC in advance of making the investment, a Fund may incur the PFIC tax in some instances.
Under Section 988 of the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time a Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on forward foreign currency exchange contracts (other than forward foreign currency exchange contracts that are governed by Section 1256 of the Code and for which no election is made) or dispositions of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security and the date of disposition are also treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to as Section 988 gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of a Funds investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the Funds net capital gain. If a Funds Section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to make any ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses were realized would be re-characterized as a return of capital to shareholders, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing the basis of each shareholders shares.
Any loss realized on a sale, redemption or exchange of shares of a Fund by a shareholder will be disallowed to the extent the shares are replaced within a 61-day period (beginning 30 days before the disposition of shares). Shares received in connection with the payment of a dividend by a Fund constitute a replacement of shares.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), a 30% withholding tax on a Funds distributions, including capital gains distributions, and on gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund generally applies if paid to a foreign entity unless: (i) if the foreign entity is a foreign financial institution, it undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding and certification obligations, (ii) if the foreign entity is not a foreign financial institution, it identifies certain of its U.S. investors or (iii) the foreign entity is otherwise excepted under FATCA. Withholding under FATCA is required: (i) with respect to certain distributions from a Fund beginning on July 1, 2014; and (ii) with respect to certain capital gains distributions and gross proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares that occur on or after January 1, 2017. If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment related to your shares, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) on such payment generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefits of such exemption or reduction. The Funds will not pay any additional amounts in respect to amounts withheld under FATCA. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of FATCA based on your individual circumstances.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of such an investment in their particular tax situations.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax consequences of an investment in a Fund. This discussion does not purport to consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that might be relevant to beneficial owners of shares of the Funds. Paul Hastings LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident aliens and other foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be subject to United States federal income tax withholding on certain payments received from a Fund. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the application of federal, state, local, and foreign taxes to an investment in a Fund.
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FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST
The Declaration of Trust for the Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in each Fund. Each share represents an interest in a Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Trusts liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund in question available for distribution to shareholders. If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the Board of Trustees may create additional classes of shares. Each of such classes has or will have a different designation. Income and operating expenses not specifically attributable to a particular Fund are allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of the series of the Trust affected by the matter. Under Rule 18f-2, a series is presumed to be affected by a matter, unless the interests of each series in the matter are identical or the matter does not affect any interest of such series. Under Rule 18f-2 the approval of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a Fund only if approved by a majority of its outstanding shares. However, the rule also provides that the ratification of independent registered public accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of directors may be effectively acted upon by the shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to a Fund.
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon.
The Trusts custodian is responsible for holding the Funds assets. Sub-custodians provide custodial services for assets of the Trust held outside the U.S. The Trusts independent registered public accounting firm examines the Trusts financial statements and assist in the preparation of certain reports to the SEC.
The validity of the shares offered by the Prospectus has been passed upon by Paul Hastings LLP, 55 Second Street, 24 th Floor, San Francisco, California 94105.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The annual financial statements of the Funds were audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, 350 South Grand Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, California 90071, independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. An affiliate of Deloitte & Touche LLP provides tax services.
The Prospectus and this SAI, together, do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement of Metropolitan West Funds filed with the SEC. Certain information is omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the Commission. The Registration Statement may be inspected at the Public Reference Room of the Commission at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, and copies thereof may be obtained from the Commission at prescribed rates. It is also available on the SECs Internet Web site at http://www.sec.gov . Statements contained in the Prospectus or this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to herein or in the Prospectus are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Trusts registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by that reference.
Audited financial statements and the accompanying report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 for the Funds, as contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, are incorporated herein by reference to that report.
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APPENDIX DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
M OODY S I NVESTORS S ERVICE
BOND RATINGS:
AaaBonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt-edged. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AaBonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Moodys applies numerical modifiers l, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through B. The modifier l indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the company ranks in the lower end of that generic rating category.
ABonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
BaaBonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BaBonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
BBonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CaaBonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
CaBonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
CBonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS:
Moodys short-term debt ratings are opinions regarding the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.
P-1Issuers rated Prime-l or P-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.
P-2Issuers rated Prime-2 or P-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.
P-3Issuers rated Prime-3 or P-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.
Not PrimeIssuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories. In addition, in certain countries the prime rating may be modified by the issuers or guarantors senior unsecured long-term debt rating.
S TANDARD & P OOR S R ATING G ROUP
BOND RATINGS:
AAADebt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AADebt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree.
ADebt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.
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BBBDebt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher-rated categories.
Debt rated BB and B is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
CCCDebt rated CCC is regarded as being currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the debtor to meet its financial commitment on the debt. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the debtor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the debt.
CCAn obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
CDebt rated C is regarded as being currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this debt are being continued.
DDebt rated D is regarded as in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on debt are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on a debt are jeopardized.
Plus (+) Minus ()The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS:
An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant market.
A-1This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) designation.
A-2Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
A-3This designation exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the debtor to meet its financial commitment on the debt.
BThis designation is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The debtor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the debt; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the debtors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the debt.
CThis designation is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the debtor to meet its financial commitment on the debt.
DA short-term debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on a debt are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on a debt are jeopardized.
F ITCH IBCA R ATINGS
BOND RATINGS:
The following summarizes the ratings used by Fitch for corporate bonds:
AAABonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AABonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
ABonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBBBonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings
.
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BBBonds are considered speculative. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
BBonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligors limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
CCC, CC, CBonds considered to have high default risk. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments. A CC rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable. C ratings signal imminent default.
DDD, DD, DThe ratings of obligations in this category are based on their prospects for achieving partial or full recovery in a reorganization or liquidation of the obligor. Expected recovery values are highly speculative and cannot be estimated with any precision.
Entities rated in this category have defaulted on some or all of their obligations. Entities rated DDD have the highest prospect for resumption of performance or continued operation with or without a formal reorganization process. Entities rated DD and D are generally undergoing a formal reorganization or liquidation process; those rated DD are likely to satisfy a higher portion of their outstanding obligations, while entities rated D have a poor prospect of repaying all obligations.
Plus (+) Minus (-)Plus and minus signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the AAA category.
SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS:
F-1+Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1Very Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.
F-2Good Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ or F-1 ratings.
F-3Fair Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have adequate capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
BSpeculative. Issues assigned this rating have minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
CHigh Default Risk. Default is a real possibility for issues assigned this rating. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
DDefault. Issues assigned this rating denote actual or imminent payment default.
SHORT-TERM MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal bonds that define an investment grade situation, which are listed below. In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned. The first element represents an evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments, and the other represents an evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the demand feature. The short-term rating assigned to the demand feature of VRDOs is designated as VMIG. When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1. MIG ratings terminate at the retirement of the obligation while VMIG rating expiration will be a function of each issues specific structural or credit features.
MIG 1/VMIG 1: This designation denotes superior quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2/VMIG 2: This designation denotes strong quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3/VMIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.
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METROPOLITAN WEST FUNDS
FORM N-1A
PART C
Item 28. Exhibits
(a) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Registrants initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 24, 1996 [the Registration Statement]). | |||
(b) | By-Laws dated December 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Registration Statement filed on December 24, 1996). | |||
(c) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders (not applicable). | |||
(d)(1) | Investment Management Agreement as revised March 27, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 filed on July 26, 2000). | |||
(d)(2) | Investment Management Agreement as revised June 27, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(d)(3) | Investment Management Agreement as revised May 19, 2003 for the Strategic Income Fund (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on July 28, 2003). | |||
(d)(4) | Amendment dated February 24, 2005 to the Investment Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on March 15, 2005). | |||
(d)(5) | Investment Management Agreement dated February 21, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on July 20, 2007). | |||
(d)(6) | Amendment dated July 18, 2008 to the Investment Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(d)(7) | Investment Management Agreement dated March 31, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 filed on May 27, 2010). | |||
(d)(8) | Amended Appendix A dated September 28, 2011 to the Investment Management Agreement as revised for the Unconstrained Bond Fund (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(d)(9) | Investment Management Agreement dated February 6, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on April 12, 2013). | |||
(d)(10) | Amended Appendix A dated June 26, 2013 to the Investment Management Agreement as revised for the Floating Rate Income Fund (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(e) | Underwriting Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and PFPC Distributors, Inc. dated November 13, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 filed on July 26, 2000). | |||
(e)(1) | Amendment to Underwriting Agreement dated May 21, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed on July 25, 2001). |
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(e)(2) | Amendment to Underwriting Agreement dated June 27, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post- Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(e)(3) | Amendment to Underwriting Agreement dated May 19, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on July 28, 2003). | |||
(e)(4) | Amended and Restated Schedule A dated November 13, 2007 to the Underwriting Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(e)(5) | Underwriting Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and BNY Mellon Distributors Inc. dated July 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 filed on July 30, 2010). | |||
(e)(6) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Underwriting Agreement dated September 30, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(e)(7) | Underwriting Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and Foreside Funds Distributors LLC dated July 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(e)(8) | Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Underwriting Agreement dated June 26, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(f) | Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts (not applicable). | |||
(g)(1) | Custody Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on March 27, 1997). | |||
(g)(2) | Custody Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and The Bank of New York dated April 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(g)(3) | Amendment to Custody Agreement dated June 27, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(g)(4) | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(g)(5) | Amendment to Custody Agreement dated June 1, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on July 28, 2003). | |||
(g)(6) | Amendment to Schedule II of Custody Agreement dated September 2011 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(g)(7) | Amendment to Schedule II of Custody Agreement dated July 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(h)(1) | Amended and Restated Services Agreement dated March 31, 2004 between Metropolitan West Funds and PFPC Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 filed on July 28, 2004). | |||
(h)(2) | Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Agreement dated November 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(h)(3) | Shareholder Servicing Plan dated November 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 filed on November 19, 2007). | |||
(h)(4) | Amendment dated July 19, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and PFPC Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). |
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(h)(5) | Amended and Restated Schedule A dated November 13, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and PFPC Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(h)(6) | Amendment dated April 1, 2009 to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and PNC Global Investment Servicing (U.S.) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(h)(7) | Red Flags Services Amendment dated May 1, 2009 to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and PNC Global Investment Servicing (U.S.) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 filed on July 24, 2009). | |||
(h)(8) | Amended and Restated Schedule A dated September 30, 2011 to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement between Metropolitan West Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(h)(9) | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Services Agreement dated April 1, 2011 between Metropolitan West Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 filed on July 27, 2011). | |||
(h)(10) | Amended and Restated Appendix A to the Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on May 23, 2011). | |||
(h)(11) | Amended Appendix A dated September 28, 2011 to the Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(h)(12) | Amended and Restated Appendix A dated June 26, 2013 to the Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(h)(13) | Fund Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated March 31, 2013 between Metropolitan West Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(h)(14) | Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement dated March 31, 2013 between Metropolitan West Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013. | |||
(h)(15) | Amended and Restated Appendix A dated July 29, 2014 to the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Agreement (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 filed on July 25, 2014). | |||
(h)(16) | Supplemental Administration Agreement effective July 29, 2015 between Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC and Metropolitan West Funds (filed herewith). | |||
(i)(1) | For TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND and LOW DURATION BOND FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement filed on March 18, 1997 [Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1]). | |||
(i)(2) | For ALPHATRAK 500 FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4). | |||
(i)(3) | For TOTAL RETURN BOND FUND and LOW DURATION BOND FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of Class I shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 filed on July 26, 2000). |
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(i)(4) | For INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND and HIGH YIELD BOND FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(i)(5) | For STRATEGIC INCOME FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 filed on June 30, 2003). | |||
(i)(6) | For UNCONSTRAINED BOND FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 filed on September 26, 2011). | |||
(i)(7) | For FLOATING RATE INCOME FUND: Consent and Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 44 filed on June 24, 2013). | |||
(i)(8) | Consent of Counsel is filed herewith. | |||
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed herewith. | |||
(k) | Omitted Financial Statements (not applicable). | |||
(l) | Initial Capital Agreements (incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2). | |||
(m) | Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan), as amended March 31, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 filed July 26, 2000). | |||
(m)(1) | Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan) as amended June 27, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(m)(2) | Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan) as amended May 19, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on July 28, 2003). | |||
(m)(3) | Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan) as amended November 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 filed on November 19, 2007). | |||
(m)(4) | Amended Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan) dated September 28, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 filed on July 25, 2012). | |||
(m)(5) | Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Share Marketing Plan (Rule 12b-1 Plan) dated June 26, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 filed on July 26, 2013). | |||
(n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 filed January 27, 2000). | |||
(n)(1) | Rule 18f-3 Plan as amended June 27, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on July 22, 2002). | |||
(n)(2) | Rule 18f-3 Plan as amended May 19, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on July 28, 2003). | |||
(n)(3) | Rule 18f-3 Plan as amended November 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 filed on November 19, 2007). | |||
(n)(4) | Rule 18f-3 Plan as amended January 31, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on May 23, 2011). | |||
(n)(5) | Amended Appendix A of the Rule 18f-3 Plan (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 filed on September 26, 2011). | |||
(n)(6) | Amended Appendix A of the Rule 18f-3 Plan (incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 44 filed on June 24, 2013). |
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Item 29. | Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant |
Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, a California limited liability company, is the investment adviser for each series of the Registrant (the Adviser). The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of TCW Asset Management Company, a California corporation and registered investment adviser, which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation, which in turn is controlled by The Carlyle Group L.P. (Carlyle). Carlyle may be deemed to be a control person of the Adviser by reason of control of certain investment funds that indirectly control more than 25% of the voting stock of the TCW Group, Inc. Other investment adviser and broker-dealer entities under common control with the Adviser as subsidiaries of The TCW Group, Inc. include: TCW Funds Distributors (a California entity and a registered-broker-dealer), TCW Investment Management Company (a California corporation and a registered investment adviser), Trust Company of the West (a California licensed trust company). Carlyle also controls various other pooled investment vehicles and, indirectly, many of the portfolio companies owned by those funds.
Item 30. | Indemnification |
Article VII of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust empowers the Trustees of the Trust, to the full extent permitted by law, to purchase with Trust assets insurance for indemnification from liability and to pay for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved by virtue of his or her capacity or former capacity with the Trust.
Article VII of the By-Laws of the Trust provides that the Trust shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Trust, against expenses, judgments, fines, settlement and other amounts actually and reasonable incurred in
5
connection with such proceeding if that person acted in good faith and reasonably believed his or her conduct to be in the best interests of the Trust. Indemnification will not be provided in certain circumstances, however, including instances of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, and reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the particular office involved.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to the Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable in the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC, together with the information as to any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by Metropolitan West Asset Management LLC pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File Nos. 801-53332)
Item 32. | Foreside Funds Distributors LLC |
Item 32(a) | Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the Distributor) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
1. | Aston Funds |
2. | E.I.I. Realty Securities Trust |
3. | FundVantage Trust |
4. | GuideStone Funds |
5. | Kalmar Pooled Investment Trust |
6. | Matthews International Funds (d/b/a Matthews Asia Funds) |
7. | Metropolitan West Funds |
8. | The Motley Fool Funds Trust |
9. | New Alternatives Fund |
10. | Old Westbury Funds, Inc. |
11. | The RBB Fund, Inc. |
12. | Stratton Mid Cap Value Fund, Inc. (f/k/a Stratton Multi-Cap Fund, Inc.) |
13. | Stratton Real Estate Fund, Inc. |
14. | The Stratton Funds, Inc. |
15. | The Torray Fund |
16. | Versus Capital Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC (f/k/a Versus Global Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC) |
Item 32(b) | The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrants underwriter. The Distributors main business address is 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312. |
Name |
Address |
Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | |||
Mark A. Fairbanks |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President | None | |||
Richard J. Berthy |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President, Treasurer
and Manager |
None |
6
Name |
Address |
Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | |||
Susan K. Moscaritolo |
899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 |
Vice President and Chief
Compliance Officer |
None | |||
Lisa S. Clifford |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President and
Managing Director of Compliance |
None | |||
Jennifer E. Hoopes |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None | |||
Paula R. Watson |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Assistant Secretary | None |
Item 32(c) | Not applicable. |
Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
The accounts, books, or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 will be kept by the Registrants Transfer Agent, BNY Mellon Investment Servicing, 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, except those records relating to portfolio transactions and the basic organizational and Trust documents of the Registrant (see Subsections (2)(iii), (4), (5), (6), (7), (9), (10) and (11) of Rule 31a-1(b)), which will be kept by the Registrant at 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017 or at a third-party unaffiliated record keeper at 1925 East Vernon Ave., Los Angeles, California, 90058, or those records relating to the Registrants Distributor, which will be kept by the Distributor at 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 and at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.
Item 34. | Management Services |
There are no management-related service contracts not discussed in Parts A and B.
Item 35. | Undertakings |
Registrant has undertaken to comply with Section 16(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which requires the prompt convening of a meeting of shareholders to elect trustees to fill existing vacancies in the Registrants Board of Trustees in the event that less than a majority of the Trustees have been elected to such position by shareholders. Registrant has also undertaken promptly to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any Trustee or Trustees when requested in writing to do so by the record holders of not less than 10 percent of the Registrants outstanding shares and to assist its shareholders in communicating with other shareholders in accordance with the requirements of Section 16(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles and State of California on the 24 th day of July, 2015.
Metropolitan West Funds | ||
By: | /s/ David B. Lippman | |
David B. Lippman | ||
President and Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement of Metropolitan West Funds has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 24 th day of July, 2015.
Signature |
Capacity |
Date |
||
/s/ David B. Lippman David B. Lippman |
President and Principal Executive Officer |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Patrick Moore Patrick Moore |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Laird Landmann Laird Landmann |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ David DeVito David DeVito |
Chief Financial Officer |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Martin Luther King III* Martin Luther King III |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Andrew Tarica* Andrew Tarica |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Ronald J. Consiglio* Ronald J. Consiglio |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Peter McMillan* Peter McMillan |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Robert G. Rooney* Robert G. Rooney |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
/s/ Patrick Haden* Patrick Haden |
Trustee |
July 24, 2015 | ||
*by /s/ David A. Hearth David A. Hearth, Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to Power of Attorney |
July 24, 2015 |
8
METROPOLITAN WEST FUNDS
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Item 28. Exhibits
(h)(16) | Supplemental Administration Agreement |
(i)(8) | Consent of Counsel |
(j) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
(p)(8) | TCW Code of Ethics |
9
S UPPLEMENTAL A DMINISTRATION A GREEMENT
This Supplemental Administration Agreement (the Agreement ) is dated and effective as of July 29, 2015, and is by and between Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, a California limited liability company (the Manager ), and the Metropolitan West Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the Trust ).
WHEREAS, the Trust is an open-end management investment company currently comprised of various series (each, a Fund and collectively, the Funds ), and is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) by means of a registration statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act ), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act );
WHEREAS, The Trust has retained the Manager to provide investment management services to each Fund under the terms of an Investment Management Agreement dated February 6, 2013, as amended (the Management Agreement ), and the administrative services provided by the Manager under this Agreement are supplemental to the management services provided to the Funds under the Management Agreement;
WHEREAS, the Trust has retained BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. as the Funds administrator (the Administrator ) and desires to retain the Manager to provide various supplemental administrative services either not provided by the Administrator or services related to additional support or review and supervision of the Administrators services, and the Manager is willing to furnish those services, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. | S UPPLEMENTAL A DMINISTRATIVE S ERVICES |
The Trust hereby appoints the Manager as a supplemental administrator with respect to the Trust and the Funds for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Manager accepts that appointment and agrees to render the supplemental administrative services listed on Schedule A to this Agreement (the Services ).
The Manager agrees to perform such other services for the Trust and the Funds that are mutually agreed to by the parties from time to time, for which the Manager will be compensated in a manner and in the amount provided by an amendment to this Agreement. The provision of those additional services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
The Manager agrees to provide the office facilities and the personnel, which may in its discretion include without limitation administrative, compliance, legal, operational, accounting and other middle and back office personnel, determined by it to perform the Services.
The Manager is authorized, in its discretion, to furnish the Services through any combination of its own personnel, the personnel of its affiliates, including The TCW Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and personnel and services of third-party contractors and vendors provided that the Manager shall remain responsible for the acts and omissions of those third parties in the provision of those Services as if performed directly by the Manager.
2. | R EPRESENTATIONS , W ARRANTIES AND C OVENANTS |
(a) | Representations and Warranties of the Manager . The Manager represents and warrants to the Trust that: |
(i) It is a California limited liability company, duly formed and legally existing under the laws of the State of California;
(ii) It has the requisite power and authority under applicable laws and by its organizational documents to carry on its business and to enter into and perform this Agreement;
(iii) All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;
(iv) No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened that would materially impair the Managers ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and
(v) Its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Manager or any law or regulation applicable to it.
(b) | Representations and Warranties of the Trust . The Trust represents and warrants to the Manager that: |
(i) It is a Delaware statutory trust, duly formed and legally existing under the laws of the State of Delaware;
(ii) It has the requisite power and authority under applicable laws and by its organizational documents to enter into and perform this Agreement;
(iii) All requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement;
(iv) No legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened that would materially impair the Trusts ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement;
(v) Its entrance into this Agreement will not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Trust or any law or regulation applicable to it;
2
(vi) The Trust is an investment company properly registered under the 1940 Act;
(vii) The registration statement under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act has been filed by the Trust and is effective and will remain in effect during the term of this Agreement;
(c) | Each party agrees to perform its obligations under this Agreement in a manner that complies in all material respects with laws applicable to it in the conduct of its business. |
3. | F EES ; E XPENSES ; E XPENSE R EIMBURSEMENT |
The Trust agrees to pay a fee (the Fee ) to the Manager for the Services provided under this Agreement in an amount sufficient to reimburse the Manager for the Managers reasonable and documented costs in providing the Services under this Agreement, which costs include but are not limited to allocations of costs of (a) personnel (including wages and benefits), (b) overhead (including but not limited to occupancy expenses), (c) outside contractors and vendors, and (d) reasonable out-of-pocket expenses directly related to the Services. That Fee shall be paid quarterly in arrears within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter.
The Manager agrees to provide supporting documentation of the basis for the calculation of the costs specified in this Section 3 with reasonable detail no less frequently than annually to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, and on such other occasions as may be requested by that Board.
Notwithstanding the amount of costs, expenses and other amounts that may actually be incurred by the Manager in providing the Services, the Trust and the Manager agree to limit the Fee to the amount specified on Schedule B , which limit may be amended from time to time by mutual agreement by the Trust and the Manager, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the members of that Board of Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Amounts limited under Schedule B with respect to one annual period may not be recouped in any later annual period.
4. | L IMITATION OF L IABILITY AND I NDEMNIFICATION |
In performing the Services, the Manager agrees to exercise care, prudence and diligence, and shall act in good faith and without gross negligence. The Manager, its directors, officers, employees and affiliates, shall be kept indemnified by the Trust, and shall be without liability to the Trust for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith without gross negligence and in compliance with laws applicable to Manager in its capacity as supplemental administrator under this Agreement.
The Manager shall not be liable for any damages arising out of its performance of or failure to perform its duties under this Agreement except to the extent that such damages arise directly out of the Managers willful misfeasance, bad faith, fraud, gross negligence, or violation of law applicable to Manager in its capacity as supplemental administrator under this Agreement.
3
The Manager shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including without limitation, work stoppage, power or other mechanical failure, computer virus, natural disaster, governmental action or communication disruption, where the disruption from such events could not be reasonably prevented or mitigated through industry-standard contingency or back-up measures.
Except as may arise from the Managers own gross negligence, bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct or the gross negligence, bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct of an agent, the Manager shall be without liability to the Trust for any loss, liability, claim or expense resulting from or caused by the actions or activities of any other party, including other service providers.
Notwithstanding any provision contained herein to the contrary, in no event shall any party hereto be liable for indirect, special or consequential damages, provided that the foregoing limitation shall not apply with respect to any damages or claims arising out of or relating to that partys fraud or willful misconduct.
5. | C ONFIDENTIALITY |
The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially all information provided by each party to the other party regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party hereto shall be used by the other party hereto solely for the purpose of rendering or receiving services pursuant to this Agreement and, except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party. Neither party will use or disclose confidential information for purposes other than the activities contemplated by this Agreement or except as required by law, court process or pursuant to the lawful requirement of a governmental agency, or if the party is advised by counsel that it may incur liability for failure to make a disclosure, or except at the request or with the written consent of the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each party acknowledges that the other party may provide access to and use of confidential information relating to the other party to the disclosing partys employees, contractors, agents, professional advisors, auditors or persons performing similar functions.
The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (i) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (ii) that is independently derived by a party hereto without the use of any information provided by the other party hereto in connection with this Agreement, (iii) that is required in any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, or by operation of law or regulation, or (iv) where the party seeking to disclose has received the prior written consent of the party providing the information.
The confidentiality undertakings and obligations contained in this Section shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years.
4
6. | E FFECTIVE P ERIOD AND T ERMINATION |
This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for an initial term ending July 31, 2016 (the Initial Term ). After the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until terminated by either party by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than 60 days after the date of such delivery or mailing by a party. This Agreement will also automatically terminate when the Management Agreement terminates.
During the Initial Term and thereafter, either party may terminate this Agreement if the other party materially breaches a material provision of the Agreement and either (a) fails to cure or (b) fails to establish a remedial plan to cure that is reasonably acceptable, within 30 days discovery of such breach (and if such discovery is made by the non-breaching party, notice of such breach). Upon termination of this Agreement, the Trust shall pay the Manager its pro rata compensation and reimbursements due under Section 3 for the relevant portion of the applicable quarter.
Section 5 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
7. | N OTICES |
Any notice or other communication authorized or required by this Agreement to be given to either party shall be in writing and deemed to have been given when delivered in person or by confirmed facsimile, by overnight delivery through a commercial courier service, or posted by certified mail, return receipt requested, to address provided from time to time by each party to the other party.
8. | A MENDMENT |
This Agreement may be amended at any time in writing by mutual agreement of the parties hereto.
9. | A SSIGNMENT |
This Agreement shall not be assigned by either party hereto without the prior consent in writing of the other party, except that the Manager may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business, or to a party controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Manager.
10. | S UCCESSORS |
This Agreement shall be binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the Manager and the Trust and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
5
11. | E NTIRE A GREEMENT |
This Agreement contains the entire understanding between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous representations, warranties or commitments regarding the services to be performed hereunder whether oral or in writing.
12. | W AIVER |
The failure of a party to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion shall not be considered a waiver nor shall it deprive such party of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any term of this Agreement. Any waiver must be in writing signed by the waiving party.
13. | S EVERABILITY |
If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, the balance of the Agreement shall remain in effect, and if any provision is inapplicable to any person or circumstance it shall nevertheless remain applicable to all other persons and circumstances.
14. | G OVERNING L AW |
This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of laws provisions.
15. | C OUNTERPARTS |
This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto on any number of counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be executed in either original or electronically transmitted form (e.g., faxes or emailed portable document format (PDF) form), and the parties hereby adopt as original any signatures received via electronically transmitted form.
16. | N ATURE OF O BLIGATIONS |
The Manager agrees that the obligations of the Trust under this Agreement shall not be binding upon any of the trustees, officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, of the Trust individually, but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Funds, as provided in the governing trust agreement.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]
6
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their officers designated below as of the date first written above.
METROPOLITAN WEST ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC |
||
By: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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|
METROPOLITAN WEST FUNDS |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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SUPPLEMENTAL ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT
SCHEDULE A
LIST OF SERVICES
1. | General supervision of administrative services provided by the Administrator, including but not limited to on-going diligence, review of the Administrators work and services and compliance with its agreement with the Trust. |
2. | Review and assist in the preparation of all regulatory filings including but not limited to registration statement amendments, annual, semi-annual and quarterly reports, correspondence, and all other state and federal filings required for the Trusts and Funds to conduct their operations. |
3. | Coordinate the outside services of all vendors and contractors including but not limited to the Administrator, independent auditors, the custodian, transfer agent, and legal counsel. |
4. | Coordinate, prepare and review quarterly board materials prepared and assembled by the Administrator, and coordinate, prepare and review such additional or supplemental materials as the Manager may deem necessary or appropriate from time to time. |
5. | Coordinate the audit of the Funds financial statements by the Trusts independent accountants, including the preparation of supporting audit work papers and other schedules to the extent not performed by the Administrator; |
6. | Supplemental compliance testing, review, consulting and reporting with respect to each Funds compliance with applicable legal, tax and other requirements of applicable law and regulations, including the compensation of the Trusts designated Chief Compliance Officer and related compliance staff, and such other administrative, legal, operational, accounting and other middle and back office personnel as the Manager deems necessary or appropriate to perform the Services. |
7. | Review tax work and advice by the Administrator and independent public accounts, and participate in discussions of potential tax issues with the Funds audit firm and outside advisers. |
8. | Monitor and make recommendations with respect to frequent trading in the Funds shares, including rejection of purchases or exchanges of trades that violate prospectus or internal guidelines for frequent or short-term trading. |
9. | Review such additional materials, consult with such additional third parties, analyze and resolve such additional issues, and generally take such other actions as the Manager may deem necessary or appropriate in connection with the performance of the Services. |
SUPPLEMENTAL ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT
SCHEDULE B
FEE LIMITATION
Effective July 29, 2015:
The Manager and the Trust agree to limit the Fee specified in Section 3 to an annual amount of $650,000 (divided into a corresponding limit of $162,500 quarterly).
A-1
Paul Hastings LLP
55 Second Street
Twenty-Fourth Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105-3441
telephone (415) 856-7000
facsimile (415) 856-7100
www.paulhastings.com
July 24, 2015
VIA EDGAR
Metropolitan West Funds
865 South Figueroa Street
Los Angeles, California 90017
Re: | Metropolitan West Funds File Nos. 33-18737 and 811-07989 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We hereby consent to the inclusion of our law firms name as counsel to the Registrant, as shown in Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A.
Very truly yours,
/s/ David A. Hearth
David A. Hearth
for PAUL HASTINGS LLP
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to Registration Statement No. 333-18737 on Form N-1A of our report dated May 26, 2015, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of the Metropolitan West Ultra Short Bond Fund, Metropolitan West Low Duration Bond Fund, Metropolitan West Intermediate Bond Fund, Metropolitan West Total Return Bond Fund, Metropolitan West High Yield Bond Fund, Metropolitan West Unconstrained Bond Fund, Metropolitan West Floating Rate Income Fund, Metropolitan West Strategic Income Fund, and Metropolitan West AlphaTrak 500 Fund, each a series of the Metropolitan West Funds (the Trust), appearing in the Annual Report on Form N-CSR of the Trust for the year ended March 31, 2015, and to the references to us under the heading Financial Highlights in the Prospectus, under the headings Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Statements in the Statement of Additional Information, and on the cover page of the Statement of Additional Information, which are part of such Registration Statement.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Los Angeles, California
July 24, 2015
For Internal Use Only
June 8, 2015
General Principles |
1 | |||
Personal Investment Transactions |
2 | |||
Overview |
2 | |||
Personal Investment Restrictions |
3 | |||
Who Must Comply: Access Person/Covered Person |
3 | |||
Covered Transactions/Covered Accounts |
3 | |||
Policy Governing Covered Transactions |
4 | |||
Pre-clearance Process |
5 | |||
Prohibited Transactions |
6 | |||
Additional Restrictions for Certain Investment Professionals |
7 | |||
Exceptions: Exempt Securities and Exempt Transactions |
9 | |||
Exemptive Relief |
15 | |||
Personal Investment Reporting |
15 | |||
Reporting on Opening, Changing or Closing a Covered Account |
16 | |||
Holdings Reports |
17 | |||
Policy Statement on Insider Trading |
18 | |||
TCW Policy on Insider Trading |
18 | |||
Trading Prohibition |
18 | |||
Communication Prohibition |
20 | |||
What Is Material Information? |
20 | |||
What Is Non-Public Information? |
21 | |||
Examples Of How TCW Personnel Could Obtain Inside Information And What You Should Do In These Cases |
21 | |||
Board of Directors Seats or Observation Rights |
21 | |||
Deal-Specific Information |
22 | |||
Participation in Rapid Fire Capital Infusions |
24 | |||
What Are The Ramifications For Participating In A Rapid Fire Capital Infusion? |
24 | |||
Creditors Committees |
25 | |||
Information about TCW Products |
25 | |||
Contacts with Public Companies |
27 |
|
i |
What Is The Effect Of Receiving Inside Information? |
27 | |||
Does TCW Monitor Trading Activities? |
28 | |||
Penalties and Enforcement by SEC and Private Litigants |
28 | |||
What You Should Do If You Have Questions About Inside Information? |
30 | |||
Ethical Wall Procedures |
31 | |||
Identification of the Walled-In Individual or Group |
31 | |||
Isolation of Information |
31 | |||
Restrictions on Communications |
31 | |||
Restrictions on Access to Information |
32 | |||
Trading Activities by Persons within the Wall |
32 | |||
Termination of Ethical Wall Procedures |
32 | |||
Certain Operational Procedures |
34 | |||
Maintenance of Restricted List |
34 | |||
Exemptions |
35 | |||
Consent to Service on Board of Directors and Creditors Committees |
35 | |||
Anti-Corruption Policy |
36 | |||
Statement of Purpose |
36 | |||
Scope |
36 | |||
Prohibited Conduct |
36 | |||
Permitted Conduct |
37 | |||
Gifts |
38 | |||
Entertainment or Similar Expenditures |
38 | |||
Gifts, Entertainment, Payments & Preferential Treatment |
39 | |||
Gifts Provided By the Firm/Firm Personnel |
39 | |||
Entertainment and Hospitality Provided by the Firm/Firm Personnel |
41 | |||
Gifts and Entertainment Received by Firm Personnel |
42 | |||
Political Contributions |
44 | |||
Facilitating Payments are Prohibited |
44 | |||
Health or Safety Exception |
44 | |||
Third Party Representatives |
45 |
|
ii |
Red Flag Reporting |
45 | |||
Mandatory Reporting |
47 | |||
Non-Retaliation |
47 | |||
Books and Records |
47 | |||
Outside Business Activities |
48 | |||
Outside Employment, Service as Director and Fiduciary Appointments |
48 | |||
Service as Director |
49 | |||
Fiduciary Appointments |
49 | |||
Compensation, Consulting Fees and Honorariums |
50 | |||
Serving As Treasurer of Clubs, Houses of Worship, Lodges |
50 | |||
Obtaining Approval |
51 | |||
Political Activities & Contributions |
51 | |||
Introduction |
51 | |||
General Rules |
51 | |||
Rules Governing Firm Contributions and Activities |
52 | |||
Federal Elections |
52 | |||
Contributions to State and Local Candidates and Committees |
52 | |||
Exemptive Relief |
53 | |||
Political Activities on Firm Premises and Using Firm Resources |
54 | |||
Federal, State, and Local Elections |
54 | |||
Rules for Individuals |
55 | |||
Responsibility for Personal Contribution Limits |
55 | |||
Pre-Approval of all Political Contributions and Volunteer Activity |
55 | |||
New Hires, Transfers and Promotions to Covered Associate Position |
56 | |||
Confidentiality |
57 | |||
Participation in Public Affairs |
57 | |||
Fundraising and Soliciting Political Contributions |
57 | |||
Special State Rules |
58 | |||
Other Employee Conduct |
59 |
|
iii |
Personal Loans |
59 | |||
Taking Advantage of a Business Opportunity That Rightfully Belongs To the Firm |
60 | |||
Disclosure of a Direct or Indirect Interest in a Transaction |
60 | |||
Corporate Property or Services |
61 | |||
Use of TCW Stationery |
61 | |||
Giving Advice to Clients |
61 | |||
Confidentiality |
62 | |||
Sanctions |
63 | |||
Reporting Illegal or Suspicious Activity Whistleblower Policy |
64 | |||
Policy |
64 | |||
Procedure |
64 | |||
Annual Compliance Certification |
66 | |||
Glossary |
67 | |||
Appendix A |
72 |
|
iv |
General Principles
The TCW Group, Inc. is the parent of several companies that provide investment advisory services. As used in this Code of Ethics or Code , the Firm or TCW refers to The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Advisors , and controlled affiliates.
This Code is based on the principle that the officers, directors and employees of the Firm owe a fiduciary duty to the Firms clients. In consideration of this you must:
| Protect the interests of the Firms clients before looking after your own. |
| If you know that an investment team is considering a transaction in a security, dont trade that security. |
| Never use opportunities provided for the Firms clients by brokers or others for your personal benefit. |
| Avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest in conducting your personal investing. |
| Never trade on the basis of client information, or otherwise use client information for personal benefit. |
| Maintain the confidentiality of all client financial and other confidential information. Loose lips sink ships. |
| Comply with all applicable securities laws and Firm policies, including this Code . |
| Communicate with clients or prospective clients candidly. |
| Exercise independent judgment when making investment decisions. |
| Treat all clients fairly. |
When in doubt, call the General Counsel , the Chief Compliance Officer , or any member of the Compliance or Legal Department before taking action. We are here to help. The reputation that TCW has built through decades of hard work can be destroyed by a single action . As an Access Person, you are responsible for safeguarding the reputation of TCW .
Violations of this Code constitute grounds for disciplinary actions, including immediate dismissal.
|
1 |
Personal Investment Transactions
Overview
The first part of this policy restricts your personal investment activities to avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest with investment activities on behalf of clients of the Firm . The second part addresses reporting requirements for personal investing. You must conduct your personal investment activities in compliance with these rules.
Any questions about this policy should be addressed to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics at extension 0467 or ace@tcw.com .
|
2 |
Personal Investment Restrictions
Who Must Comply: Access Person/Covered Person
Generally, each employee, officer or management director of the Firm is an Access Person .
A consultant, temporary employee or other individual may be designated as an Access Person , depending on factors including that persons duties and access to information.
For each Access Person , the members of their Immediate Family (including spouse, relative or significant other residing with the Access Person ) is a Covered Person .
Every Covered Person should be familiar with the requirements of this policy. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to send each Covered Person a copy of this policy or to have them attend a Code orientation.
Covered Transactions/Covered Accounts
This policy covers investment activities ( Covered Transactions ) (i) by any Access Person or Covered Person, and (ii) in any account in which any Access Person has a beneficial interest . Any account through which a Covered Transaction is made is a Covered Account .
An Access Person has a beneficial interest in an account if that Access Person:
| has benefits substantially equivalent to owning the Securities or the account, |
| can obtain ownership of the Securities in the account within 60 days, or |
| can vote or dispose of the Securities in the account. |
Examples include a relatives brokerage account for which the Access Person can effect trades, or an estate for which the Access Person makes investment decisions as executor.
Violations of this policy by your Immediate Family members or by any persons in an account in which you have a beneficial interest will be treated as violations by you.
|
3 |
Policy Governing Covered Transactions
Generally, all trading by Covered Persons requires pre-clearance. Exempt transactions and exempt securities are listed below.
|
4 |
Pre-clearance Process
Outside Fiduciary Accounts require special procedures. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.
For marketable securities and Private Placement pre-clearance, log on to StarCompliance and file the required form at http://tcw.starcompliance.com. The instructions for filing a PAT Form and Private Placement Form are available on myTCW.
Requests submitted before 12:00 noon Los Angeles time (3:00 pm New York Time) are usually processed same-day. Pre-clearance expires on 1:00 p.m. Los Angeles time (4:00 p.m. New York time) on the next business day after it is received. You must either obtain a new pre-clearance or cancel any unexecuted portion of the transaction that is not completed before your pre-clearance expires. Limit orders must be structured to comply with the pre-clearance time limits, or additional pre-clearance is required to complete any portion of a limit order transaction after the original pre-clearance expires.
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Prohibited Transactions
Pre-clearance is required for most investment activities, but the following activities are prohibited, and pre-clearance will generally not be available. Except as otherwise noted, these trading restrictions do not apply to Outside Fiduciary Accounts .
Prohibited Transaction |
Exceptions/Limitations |
Consequences/Comments |
||
Transacting in a Security that the Firm is trading for its clients | Exception: Permitted once the Firm s trading is completed or cancelled | Portfolio managers may accumulate a position in a particular security over a period of time. During such accumulation period, permission to trade in such a security will generally not be granted. | ||
Transacting in a security that the Access Person knows is under consideration for trading by the Firm for its clients | ||||
Uncovered short sale | ||||
Writing an uncovered option | ||||
Acquiring any Security in an IPO | Exception: Permitted if the Security is an Exempt Security . See chart below. | |||
Acquiring an interest in a 3 rd party registered investment company advised or sub-advised by the Firm | Comment: see Prohibited Third-Party Registered Investment Companies for a list. |
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Additional Restrictions for Certain Investment Professionals
In addition to the foregoing prohibited transactions, the following are prohibited for the Investment Personnel indicated below.
Prohibited Transaction |
Applies to |
Consequences/Comments |
||
Profiting from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same (or equivalent) Securities within 60 calendar days by any of the following Access Persons described under Applies to who provide services for registered investment companies |
Portfolio Managers
Securities Analysts and Researchers
Securities Traders who provide information or advice to a portfolio manager
members of Investment Control |
Transactions will be matched using a LIFO system.
All profits of prohibited trades are subject to disgorgement
Exceptions:
Exempt Securities
ETF s pre-approved through StarCompliance |
||
Purchasing or selling a Security in the 5 business days BEFORE that Security is bought or sold on behalf of a Firm client, in any
Covered Account, or
Outside Fiduciary Account |
Prohibited for portfolio managers and any other investment professional in their product group, including traders, Researchers or Analysts, for the client account in which the Security is transacted.
Members of Investment Control |
All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and
all profits are subject to disgorgement. |
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Purchasing a Security in the 5 business days after that Security is sold on behalf of a Firm client, or selling a Security in the 5 business days AFTER that Security is purchased on behalf of a Firm client, in any
Covered Account, or
Outside Fiduciary Account |
Prohibited for portfolio managers and any other investment professional in their product group, including traders, Researchers or Analysts, for the client account in which the security is transacted.
Members of Investment Control. |
All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and
all profits are subject to disgorgement. |
||
Purchasing or selling any Security in the 5 business days AFTER a TCW-advised or sub-advised registered investment company buys or sells the Security , in any
Covered Account, or
Outside Fiduciary Account |
Prohibited for a portfolio manager and any other investment professional in their product group, including traders, Researchers or Analysts, managing funds for the registered investment company
Members of Investment Control |
All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and
all profits are subject to disgorgement. |
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Purchasing or selling any Security in a manner inconsistent with any recommendation made by that research analyst less than 30 days prior to the proposed purchase or sale |
Prohibited for any Analyst or Researcher |
All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and
all profits are subject to disgorgement. |
||
Recommending any Security for purchase by the Firm , including writing a research report advocating for the purchase of a Security , where such individual also holds such Security in a Covered Account. |
Prohibited for any portfolio manager, Researcher or Analyst, unless they have held such Security for at least three months prior to the recommendation or drafting of the research report. |
All prohibited transactions must be reversed; and
all profits are subject to disgorgement. |
Exceptions: Exempt Securities and Exempt Transactions
Pre-clearance is generally not required for Exempt Transactions , or transactions in Exempt Securities . The following tables identify Exempt Securities and Exempt Transactions , and summarizes any pre-clearance and reporting requirements that do apply.
Types of Exempt Securities |
Pre-clearance
|
Reporting Required? |
Limitations/Comments |
|||
U.S. Government Securities (including agency obligations) | No | No | ||||
Investment-grade rated Securities issued by any State, Commonwealth or territory of the United States, or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof | No | No |
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Bank certificates of deposit or time deposits | No | No | ||||
Bankers Acceptances. | No | No | ||||
Investment grade debt instruments with a term of 13 months or less, including commercial paper, fixed-rate notes, repurchase agreements, and municipal bonds. | No | No additional reporting if transacted through a linked account with a Linked Broker, or a broker supplying copies of statements. | Ask the appropriate product attorney in the Legal Department for clarification if any questions. | |||
Shares in money market mutual funds or a fund that appears on the exempt list. |
No | No | ||||
Shares in open-end investment companies not advised or sub-advised by the Firm. | No | No | See Prohibited Third-Party Registered Investment Companies | |||
Shares of unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in mutual funds not advised by the Firm. | No | No |
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Stock index futures, futures on U.S. Government Securities, Eurodollar futures contracts, and non-financial commodities | No | No additional reporting if transacted through a linked account with a Linked Broker, or a broker supplying copies of statements. | ||||
Municipal bonds traded in the market | No | No additional reporting if transacted through a linked account with a Linked Broker, or a broker supplying copies of statements. | No | |||
Trades in Non-Discretionary Accounts which you, your spouse, your domestic partner, or your significant other established. | No | Opening of the account must be reported, with evidence that it is non-discretionary. No reporting of trades required. |
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Securities purchased or sold through an Auto-Trade | No | No additional reporting if transacted through a linked account with a Linked Broker, or broker supplying copies of statements. | ||||
Security purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by the issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent that such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights were so acquired. | No | No additional reporting if purchased through a Linked Account with a Linked Broker, or broker supplying copies of statements. | ||||
Interests in Firm -sponsored limited partnerships or other Firm -sponsored private placements . | No | Yes | ||||
Securities acquired in connection with the exercise of an option. | No, unless cash is received in connection with exercise of the option | Yes, securities received must be reported. | ||||
Stock options issued by Société Générale S.A. to TCW employees | No | No additional reporting if transacted through a linked account with a Linked Broker, or a broker supplying copies of statements. |
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Rule 10b5-1 Plans | Prior approval required to enter plan. Transactions pursuant to an approved plan will not require pre-clearance. | Yes | ||||
Direct Purchase Plans | Prior approval required to enter plan. Transactions pursuant to an approved plan will not require pre-clearance. | Yes |
Exempt Transactions |
Pre-clearance
|
Reporting Required? |
Limitations/Comments |
|||
Transfers of interests in Firm - sponsored Private Placements that are
Estate planning transfers
Court-ordered transfers |
No | No |
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Exemptive Relief
To seek approval for a Code of Ethics exemption, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics will require a written statement indicating the basis for the requested approval, and coordinate obtaining the approval of the Approving Officers . The Approving Officers shall meet or otherwise exchange views (by email or otherwise) on an ad hoc basis upon written request by an Access Person that states the basis for any requested approval or exemption. The Approving Officers may, under appropriate circumstances, approve requests for an individual, a group or a class. The Approving Officers have no obligation to grant any requested approval or exemption.
The Approving Officers also may, under appropriate circumstances, grant exemption from Access Person status to any person.
Personal Investment Reporting
TCW receives automated feeds from many major brokers ( Linked Brokers ). If your broker is not a Linked Broker , you must ensure that TCW receives duplicate broker statements. In addition, Access Persons must timely file all reports for all transactions as provided in the tables below. Transactions that must be reported include opening, closing or changing Covered Accounts. Corporate actions such as mergers, purchases and sales, spin-offs, stock splits, stock-on-stock dividends and like activities must also be reported unless made through an account with a Linked Broker .
All reports are filed online through the internet at http://tcw.starcompliance.com .
If you will not be able to access the Internet to file a report on time, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics prior to the filing due date.
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Reporting on Opening, Changing or Closing a Covered Account
Brokerage Accounts . You must use the StarCompliance, http://tcw.starcompliance.com , system to enter information about each Covered Account:
Activity |
Comments |
Exceptions |
||
Upon becoming an Access Person
Upon opening a new Covered Account while you are an Access Person |
The Administrator of the Code of Ethics can inform you if you broker is a Linked Broker , and set up your account for automated feed. If your broker is not a Linked Broker , the Administrator of the Code of Ethics can assist you with a release letter (407 letter) to allow TCW to receive duplicate statements. |
You are not required to report or enter information for:
Outside Fiduciary Accounts
Accounts that hold only third party mutual funds |
||
Upon closing, or making any change to, a Covered Account while you are an Access Person |
Update StarCompliance | N/A |
| Separate Accounts . You must obtain pre-clearance from your group head and the Approving Officers to open a personal separately managed account at the Firm . |
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Holdings Reports
These reports are available on http://tcw.starcompliance.com .
Report Name |
When Due |
Additional Requirements |
||
Initial Holdings Report | Within 10 days after becoming an Access Person |
Include all securities except Exempt Securities (see chart above) and securities in Non-Discretionary Accounts.
Include all Covered Accounts . Holdings must be current no earlier than 45 days before you became an Access Person |
||
Quarterly Reports | By each January 10, April 10, July 10 and October 10 | Must be filed even if there were no transactions during the period. | ||
Annual Holdings Report | By January 31 of each year | Same as Initial report, except that holdings must be current as of December 31 of the prior year. | ||
Annual Compliance Certification | By January 31 of each year |
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Policy Statement on Insider Trading
Members of the Firm occasionally come into possession of material, non-public information or inside information . Various laws, court decisions, and general ethical standards impose duties with respect to the use of this inside information .
The SEC rules provide that any purchase or sale of a security while having awareness of inside information is illegal regardless of whether the information was a motivating factor in making a trade.
Courts may attribute one employees knowledge of inside information to other employees that trade in the affected security, even if no actual communication of this knowledge occurred. Thus, by buying or selling a particular Security in the normal course of business, Firm personnel other than those with actual knowledge of inside information could inadvertently subject the Firm to liability.
The risks in this area can be significantly reduced through the use of a combination of trading restrictions and information barriers designed to confine material non-public information to a given individual, group or department (see defined term Ethical Walls).
See the Reference Table below if you have any questions on this Policy or who to consult in certain situations.
TCW Policy on Insider Trading
Trading Prohibition
| No Access Person of the Firm, either for themselves or on behalf of clients or others, may buy or sell a security (i.e., stock, bonds, convertibles, options, warrants or derivatives tied to a companys securities)while in possession of material, non-public information about the company (except in limited circumstances discussed below). |
| This applies in the case of both publicly traded and private companies. |
| This means that you may not buy or sell such securities for yourself or anyone, including your spouse, domestic partner, relative, friend, or client and you may not recommend that anyone else buy or sell a security of a company on the basis of inside information regarding that company. |
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If you believe you have received oral or written material, non-public information, you should not discuss the information with anyone except the product attorney in the Legal Department, the General Counsel, or the Chief Compliance Officer who will determine whether the information is of a nature requiring restrictions on use and dissemination and when any restrictions should be lifted.
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Communication Prohibition
No Access Person may communicate material, non-public information to others who have no official need to know. This is known as tipping, which also is a violation of the insider trading laws, even if you as the tipper did not personally benefit. Therefore, you should not discuss such information acquired on the job with your spouse, domestic partner or with friends, relatives, clients, or anyone else inside or outside of the Firm except on a need-to-know basis relative to your duties at the Firm.
Remember that TCW Funds and TSI are publicly traded entities and you may be privy to material non-public information regarding those entities. Communicating such information in violation of the Firms policies is illegal.
The prohibition on sharing material, non-public information extends to affiliates such as Buchanan Partners and Carlyle entities.
What Is Material Information?
Information (whether positive or negative) is material:
| When a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment decision or |
| When it could reasonably be expected to have an effect on the price of a companys securities. |
Some examples of Material Information are:
| Earnings results, changes in previously released earnings estimates, liquidity problems, dividend changes, |
| Projections, major capital investment plans, |
| Significant merger, tender offers, rights offerings, spin-off, joint venture, stock buy backs, stock splits or acquisition proposals or agreements, |
| New product releases or schedule changes, |
| Significant accounting changes, credit rating changes, write-offs or charges, |
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| Major technological discoveries, breakthroughs or failures, |
| Major contract awards or cancellations, |
| Governmental investigations, major litigation or disposition of litigation, or |
| Extraordinary management developments or changes. |
Because no clear or bright line definition of what is material exists, assessments sometimes require a fact-specific inquiry. If you have questions about whether information is material, direct the questions to your product attorney, the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer.
What Is Non-Public Information?
Non-public information is information that:
| Has not been disseminated broadly to investors in the marketplace; |
| Has not become available to the general public through a public filing with the SEC or some other governmental agency, the Dow Jones tape, a press release, Bloomberg, release by Standard & Poors or Reuters, or publication in the Wall Street Journal or other generally circulated publication. |
Examples Of How TCW Personnel Could Obtain Inside Information And What You Should Do In These Cases
Examples of how a person could come into possession of inside information include:
Board of Directors Seats or Observation Rights
| Most public companies have restrictions on trading by Board members except during trading window periods. |
| Anyone who wishes to serve on a Board of Directors or as a Board Observer must seek pre-approval and complete the Report on Outside Directorships and Officerships that is posted on the myTCW intranet and submit it to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will coordinate the approval process. |
| If approval is granted, the Administrator of the Code of Ethics will notify the Legal Department so that the appropriate Ethical Wall and/or restricted securities listing can be made. See Outside Activities Service as a Director. |
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21 |
Portfolio Managers:
| Sitting on Boards of public companies in connection with an equity or fixed income position that they manage; or |
| Having an intent to control or work with others to attempt to influence or control a company |
should be mindful of:
| SEC filing obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act |
| Short swing profits restrictions and penalties related to purchases and sales of shares held in client accounts within a 6-month period. |
The product attorney should be consulted in these situations, and outside counsel should be involved as necessary.
Deal-Specific Information
Employees may receive inside information for legitimate purposes such as:
| In the context of a direct investment, secondary transaction or participation in a transaction for a client account |
| In the context of forming a confidential relationship |
| Receiving private information through on-line services such as Intralinks. |
This deal-specific information may be used by the department to which it was given for the purpose for which it was given. This type of situation typically arises in:
| mezzanine financings, |
| loan participations, bank debt financings, |
| venture capital financing, |
| purchases of distressed securities, |
| oil and gas investments and |
| purchases of substantial blocks of stock from insiders. |
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22 |
It should be assumed that inside information is transmitted whenever:
| A confidentiality agreement is entered into; |
| An oral agreement is made or an expectation exists that you will maintain the information as confidential; or |
| There is a pattern or practice of sharing confidences so that the recipient knows or reasonably should know that the provider expects the information to be kept confidential, such pattern or practice is sufficient to form a confidential relationship. |
There is a presumed duty of trust and confidence when a person receives material non-public information from his or her spouse, parent, child, or sibling.
Remember that even if the transaction for which the deal-specific information is received involves securities that are not publicly traded, the issuer may have other classes of traded securities, and the receipt of inside information can affect the ability of other product groups at the Firm to trade in those securities.
If you are to receive any deal-specific information or material, non-public information on a company (whether domestic or foreign), contact the product attorney in the Legal Department for your area, who then will implement the appropriate Ethical Wall and trading procedures.
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23 |
Participation in Rapid Fire Capital Infusions
Overview
From time to time, public companies may seek rapid-fire capital infusions of capital from institutional investors. In the past, these have involved investment banks contacting potential investors, often over the weekends, on a pre-announcement basis.
What Should You Do?
If you work with marketable security strategies and you receive a call to participate in an offering before it is publicly announced, please contact the Legal Department , General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer . Do not ask the name of the company that is the subject of the financing or agree to any confidentiality or standstill agreements. Otherwise, you may restrict trading in your and other portfolios and the Firm . Your email should include the contact information for the person who contacted you.
What Are The Ramifications For Participating In A Rapid Fire Capital Infusion?
Historically, the Firms marketable securities strategies have not received material non-public information and have relied solely on public information. Some of the ramifications of your participating in a rapid fire capital infusion are:
| Your accounts will be restricted for the company in question as soon as you learn about the name of the company, even if you decide not to participate. There is no ability to preview the names because just knowing about the potential transaction is in itself material non-public information. |
| A restriction in a name could last for a period of time and that period cannot be predicted in advance. In many cases, it may be a fairly short period (a week or so). |
| You will need to be available or designate someone in your portfolio management group to be fully available at night and possibly over the weekend to consider the transaction(s). |
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24 |
If your group decides to participate in the offering, the Legal Department will work with your group to implement appropriate Ethical Wall procedures with the goal of ensuring that others at the Firm who do not have the information will not be frozen in their trading securities of the issuer. The shares of the company at issue will be restricted in accounts managed by your group and possibly others at the Firm until after the terms of the financing (or other material non-public information) are publicly announced.
Creditors Committees
Members of the Firm may be asked to participate on a Creditors Committee which is given access to inside information . Since this could affect the Firms ability to trade in securities in the company, before agreeing to sit on any official Creditors Committee, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will obtain any necessary approvals and notify the Legal Department so that the appropriate Ethical Wall can be established and/or restricted securities listings can be made.
If you sit on an informal Creditors Committee, consult with the product attorney to confirm whether the committee could receive material non-public information from an issuer that would impose restrictions or the need for an Ethical Wall .
Information about TCW Products
Persons involved with the management of the Firms limited partnerships, trusts, and mutual funds could come into possession of inside information about those funds that is not generally known to their investors or the public. The following could be considered inside information:
| Plans with respect to dividends, closing down a fund or changes in portfolio management personnel |
| Buying or selling securities in a Firm product with knowledge of an imminent change in dividends or |
| A large-scale buying or selling program or a sudden shift in allocation that was not generally known |
Disclosing holdings of the TCW Funds or TSI on a selective basis could also be viewed as an improper disclosure of non-public information and should not be done. The Firm currently discloses holdings of the TCW Funds or TSI on a monthly basis beginning on the 15th calendar day following the end of that month (or, if not a business day, the next business day thereafter). Disclosure of these funds holdings at other times requires special confidentiality procedures and must be pre-cleared with the product attorney See the Marketing and Communications Policy for further information concerning portfolio holdings disclosure.
|
25 |
In the event of inadvertent or unintentional disclosure of material non-public information, the person making the disclosure should immediately contact the product attorney or General Counsel. Department Heads for each product area, the head of mutual funds for the Firm , and the product attorney in the Legal Department should notify the Administrator of the Code of Ethics of this type of inside information so that appropriate restrictions can be put in place.
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Contacts with Public Companies
Contacts with public companies are an important part of the Firms research efforts coupled with publicly available information. Difficult legal issues arise when an employee becomes aware of material, non-public information through a company contact. This could happen, for example, if a companys Chief Financial Officer prematurely discloses quarterly results, or if an investor-relations representative makes a selective disclosure of adverse news to a handful of investors. In such situations, the Firm must make a judgment regarding its further trading conduct.
If an issue arises in this area, a research analysts notes could become subject to scrutiny. Research analysts notes have become increasingly the target of plaintiffs attorneys in securities class actions.
The SEC has declared publicly that they will take strict action against what they see as selective disclosures by corporate insiders to securities analysts, even when the corporate insider was getting no personal benefit and was trying to correct market misinformation. Analysts and portfolio managers who have private discussions with management of a company should be clear about whether they desire to obtain inside information and become restricted or not receive such information.
If an analyst or portfolio manager receives what he or she believes is inside information and if you feel you received it in violation of a corporate insiders fiduciary duty or for his or her personal benefit, you should not trade and should discuss the situation with your product attorney in the Legal Department, the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer.
What Is The Effect Of Receiving Inside Information?
Any person actually receiving inside information is subject to the trading and communication prohibitions discussed above. However, restrictions may extend to other persons and departments within the company. In the event of receipt of inside information by an employee, the Firm generally will:
| Establish an Ethical Wall around the individual or a select group or department, and/or place a firm wide restriction on securities in the affected company that would bar any purchases or sales of the securities by any department or person within the Firm , whether for a client or personal account unless there is specific approval from the Compliance or Legal Departments. |
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27 |
In connection with the Ethical Wall protocol, those persons falling within the Ethical Wall would be subject to the trading prohibition and, except for need-to-know communications to others within the Ethical Wall , the communication prohibition discussed above. The breadth of the Ethical Wall and the persons included within it will be determined on a case-by-case basis. In these circumstances, the Ethical Wall procedures are designed to isolate the inside information and restrict access to it to an individual or select group to allow the remainder of the Firm not to be affected by it.
In any case where an Ethical Wall is imposed, the Ethical Wall procedures discussed below must be strictly observed. Each Group Head is responsible for ensuring that members of his or her group abide by these Ethical Wall procedures in every instance.
Does TCW Monitor Trading Activities?
Yes, the Compliance Department and Investment Control monitor through one or more of the following:
| Conducts reviews of trading in public securities listed on the Restricted Securities List . |
| Surveys client account transactions that may violate laws against insider trading and, when necessary, investigates such trades |
| Conducts monitoring of the Ethical Walls . |
| Reviews personal securities trading to identify insider trading, other violations of the law or violations of the Firms policies. |
| Reviews securities holding and transaction reports as required by SEC rules and regulations. |
Penalties and Enforcement by SEC and Private Litigants
Insider trading violations subject both the Firm and the individuals involved to severe civil and criminal penalties and could result in damaging the reputation of the Firm . Violations constitute grounds for disciplinary sanctions, including dismissal.
The SEC pursues all cases of insider trading regardless of size and parties involved. Penalties for violations are severe for both the individual and possibly his or her employer. These could include:
| Paying three times the amount of all profits made (or losses avoided), |
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28 |
| Fines of up to $1 million, |
| Jail up to 10 years, and |
| Civil lawsuits by shareholders of the company in question. |
The regulators, the market and the Firm view violations seriously.
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29 |
What You Should Do If You Have Questions About Inside Information?
Topic |
You Should Contact:* |
|
If you have a question about:
The Insider Trading Policy in general
Whether information is material or non-public
Whether you have received material non-public information about a public company
Obtaining deal-specific information (pre-clearance is required)
Sitting on a Creditors Committee (preapproval is required)
Need to have an Ethica l Wall established
Terminating an Ethical Wall
Section 13/16 issues
Who is within or outside an Ethical Wall |
The product attorney, General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. | |
If you have a question about whether you have received inside information on a Firm commingled fund (e.g. partnerships, trusts, mutual funds) | Department Head for product area or for mutual funds or such groups product attorney (who will coordinate as necessary with the Administrator of the Code of Ethics | |
If you:
Wish to take a Board of Directors seat, serve as an alternate on a Board or sit on a
Creditors Committee
Have questions about the securities listed on the Restricted Securities List
Want permission to buy or sell a security listed on the Restricted Securities List |
Administrator of the Code of Ethics | |
In the event of inadvertent or non-intentional disclosure of mutual non-public information | Product attorney or General Counsel who will notify the Chief Compliance Officer because the Firm may be required to make prompt disclosure. |
* | References in this Policy to the General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer include persons who they have authorized in their respective departments to handle matters under this Policy. |
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30 |
Ethical Wall Procedures
The SEC has long recognized that procedures designed to isolate inside information to specific individuals or groups can be a legitimate means of curtailing attribution of knowledge of such inside information to an entire company. These types of procedures are known as Ethical Wall procedures. In those situations where the Firm believes inside information can be isolated, the following Ethical Wall procedures would apply. These Ethical Wall procedures are designed to quarantine or isolate the individuals or select group of persons with the inside information within the Ethical Wall .
Identification of the Walled-In Individual or Group
The persons subject to the Ethical Wall will be identified by name or group designation. If the Ethical Wall procedures are applicable simply because of someone serving on a Board of Directors of a public company in a personal capacity, the Ethical Wall likely will apply exclusively to that individual, although in certain circumstances expanding the wall may be appropriate. When the information is received as a result of being on a Creditors Committee, serving on a Board in a capacity related to the Firms investment activities, or receiving deal-specific information, the walled-in group generally will refer to the group associated with the deal and, in some cases, related groups or groups that are highly interactive with that group. Determination of the breadth of the Ethical Wall is fact-specific and must be made by the product attorney, the General Counsel, or the Chief Compliance Officer. Therefore, as noted above, advising them if you come into possession of material, non-public information is important.
Isolation of Information
Fundamental to the concept of an Ethical Wall is that the inside information be effectively quarantined to the walled-in group. The two basic procedures that must be followed to accomplish this are as follows: restrictions on communications and restrictions on access to information.
Restrictions on Communications
Communications regarding the inside information of the subject company should only be held with persons within the walled-in group on a need-to-know basis or with the General Counsel, the product attorney in the Legal Department or Chief Compliance Officer. Communications should be discreet and should not be held in the halls, in the lunchroom or on cellular phones. In some cases using code names for the subject company as a precautionary measure may be appropriate.
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31 |
If persons outside of the group are aware of your access to information and ask you about the target company, they should be told simply that you are not at liberty to discuss it. On occasion, discussing the matter with someone at the Firm outside of the group may be desirable. However, no such communications should be held without first receiving the prior clearance of the General Counsel, the product attorney, or the Chief Compliance Officer. In such case, the person outside of the group and possibly his or her entire department, thereby will be designated as inside the wall and will be subject to all Ethical Wall restrictions in this policy.
Restrictions on Access to Information
The files, computer files and offices where confidential information is physically stored generally should be made inaccessible to persons not within the walled-in group.
Trading Activities by Persons within the Wall
Persons within the Ethical Wall are prohibited from buying or selling securities in the subject company, whether on behalf of the Firm or clients or in personal transactions excep t:
| Where the affected persons have received deal-specific information, the persons are permitted to use the information to consummate the deal for which deal-specific information was given ( Note that if the transaction is a secondary trade (vs. a direct company issuance), the product attorney should be consulted to determine any disclosure obligations to the counterparty, and |
| In connection with a client directed liquidation of an account in full provided that no confidential information has been shared with the client. The liquidating portfolio manager should confirm to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics in connection with such liquidation that no confidential information was shared with the client. |
Termination of Ethical Wall Procedures
When the information that is the subject of the Ethical Wall has been publicly disseminated, a confidentiality agreement expires and information is no longer being provided or if the information has
|
32 |
become stale, the person who contacted the Legal or Compliance Department to have the Ethical Wall established must notify the Legal Department as to whether the Ethical Wall can be terminated. This is particularly true if the information was received in an isolated circumstance such as an inadvertent disclosure to an analyst or receipt of deal-specific information.
Persons who by reason of an ongoing relationship or position with the company are exposed more frequently to the receipt of such information (e.g., being a member of the Board of Directors or on a Creditors Committee) would be subject ordinarily to the Ethical Wall procedures on a continuing basis and may be permitted to trade only during certain window periods when the company permits such access persons to trade.
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Certain Operational Procedures
The following are certain operational procedures that will be followed to ensure communication of insider trading policies to Firm employees and enforcement thereof by the Firm .
Maintenance of Restricted List
The Restricted Securities List is updated as needed by the Administrator of the Code of Ethics, who distributes it as necessary. In some cases, the list may note a partial restriction (e.g. restricted as to purchase, restricted as to sale, or restricted as to a particular group or person). The Administrator of the Code of Ethics updates an annotated copy of the list and maintains the history of each item that has been deleted. This annotated Restricted Securities List is available to the General Counsel and the Chief Compliance Officer, as well as any additional persons, which either of them may approve.
The Restricted Securities List restricts issuers (i.e., companies) and not just specific securities issued by the issuer. The list of ticker symbols on the Restricted Securities List 2should not be considered the complete list the key is that you are restricted as to the company or a derivative that is tied to the company. This is of particular importance to the strategies which may invest in securities listed on foreign exchanges.
The Restricted Securities List must be checked before each trade. If an order is not completed on one day, then the open order should be checked against the Restricted Securities List every day it is open beyond the approved period that was given (e.g., the waiver you received was for a specific period, such as one day).
The Restricted Securities List includes securities for foreign and domestic public reporting companies where Firm personnel (i) serve as directors, board observers, officers, or members of official creditors committee (ii) have material, non-public information or (iii) have an agreement or arrangement to maintain information as confidential.
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Exemptions
Once an issuer is placed on the Restricted Securities List , any purchase or sale specified on the list (whether a personal trade or on behalf of a client account) must be cleared with the Administrator of the Code of Ethics (or another member of the Compliance Department who will consult with, as appropriate, an attorney in the Legal Department, General Counsel, or Chief Compliance Officer). In certain circumstances where a group continuously receives material non-public information as part of its strategy, a global Ethical Wall will be imposed on the department in lieu of placing all of the issuers for which it has information on the Restricted Securities List .
Consent to Service on Board of Directors and Creditors Committees
To monitor situations where inside information may become available by reason of a Board position, employees are required to obtain consent for accepting positions on non- Firm Boards of Directors whether as part of Firm duties or in a personal capacity. Similarly, consent is required for employees to sit on Creditors Committees, and employees should contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.
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Anti-Corruption Policy
Statement of Purpose
TCW (the Firm ) is committed to complying with all applicable anti-corruption laws and rules, including, but not limited to, the U.S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the FCPA ), the U.S. Travel Act (the Travel Act ), the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 (the Bribery Act ) and any laws enacted pursuant to the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the OECD Convention ). The purpose of this Anti-Corruption Policy (the Policy ) is to ensure compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws and rules.
Of course, no policy can anticipate every possible situation that might arise. As such, Firm Personnel (defined below) are encouraged to discuss any questions that they may have relating to the Policy with their supervisor/ Firm contact or the Legal or Compliance Departments. When in doubt, Firm Personnel should seek guidance.
Scope
This Policy is mandatory and applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Firm and any persons engaged to act on behalf of the Firm , including agents, representatives, temporary agency personnel, consultants, and contract-basis personnel, wherever located (collectively referred to as Firm Personnel ). Violations of this Policy may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment and referral to regulatory and criminal authorities.
Prohibited Conduct
Firm Personnel shall not, directly or indirectly, make, offer, or authorize any gift, payment or other inducement ( Gift ) for the benefit of any person, including a Foreign Official or Domestic Official , with the intent that the recipient misuse his/her position to aid the Firm in obtaining, retaining, or directing business.
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Foreign Official includes government officials, political party leaders, candidates for public office, employees of state-owned enterprises (such as state-owned banks or pension plans), employees of public international organizations (such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund), and close relatives or agents of any of the foregoing. Because U.S. regulators have a very broad view of what constitutes a Foreign Official , Firm Personnel should err on the side of caution by treating counter-parties as Foreign Officials when in doubt.
Domestic Official means any officer or employee of any government entity, department, agency, or instrumentality (federal, state, or local) in the U.S., candidates for public office, and close relatives or agents of any of the foregoing.
For purposes of this Policy , Foreign Official and Domestic Official also includes individuals who have actual influence in the award of business and any person or entity hired to review or accept bids for a government entity.
All payments, whether large or small, are prohibited if they are, in substance, bribes or kickbacks, including, cash payments, gifts, and the provision of hospitality and entertainment expenses. Personal funds (your own or a third partys) must not be used to accomplish what is otherwise prohibited by this Policy .
Firm Personnel are also prohibited from requesting, agreeing to accept, or accepting Gifts from any third party in exchange for or as a reward for improper or unapproved performance of their job responsibilities.
Permitted Conduct
Firm Personnel may provide reasonable Gifts and Entertainment for the bona fide purpose of promoting, demonstrating, or explaining Firm services, including fostering strong client relationships.
You should always notify your supervisor or group or department head before, or after, providing or accepting any Gifts or Entertainment, even if no other approval is required. As discussed below, Firm Personnel may also be required to obtain approval when giving or receiving certain Gifts and Entertainment . Unless otherwise specified below, if approvals are required, you must submit your request for approval to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. Firm Personnel must always obtain prior written approval from the Administrator of the Code of Ethics for any Gifts or Entertainment provided to a Foreign Official or Domestic Official . The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall elevate in the event of high risk or higher value gifts, or as otherwise necessary or appropriate.
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Gifts
A Gift is anything of value given or received without paying its reasonable fair value ( e.g . merchandise, cash, gift cards, favors, credit, special discounts on goods or services, free services, loans of goods or money, tickets to sports or entertainment events, trips and hotel expenses where Firm Personnel are not present as attendees). Entertainment (as defined below) is not a Gift .
| A Gift must only be provided as a courtesy or token of regard or esteem ( Token Gift ). |
| Any Token Gifts should be appropriate under the circumstances, not be excessive in value (generally, not more than $100) and involve no element of concealment. |
| Gifts of cash or cash equivalents are prohibited. |
You may not give or accept a Gift if you know, or have reason to know, that it is not permitted under the applicable laws.
Entertainment or Similar Expenditures
Entertainment generally means the attendance by you and your hosts or guests at a meal, sporting event, theater production, or comparable event and also might include travel to, or accommodation expenses at, a conference or an out-of-town event.
| Business Entertainment (including meals, sporting events, theater productions, or comparable events) may only be provided if (i) a legitimate business purpose exists for such entertainment and (ii) such entertainment is reasonable and not excessive ( e.g ., 3 days of golf for a 1-day seminar is excessive and not reasonable). |
| You may never pay or accept payment of Entertainment or similar expenditures if they are not commensurate with local custom or practice or if you know or have reason to know that they are not permitted under the applicable laws. |
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Firm Personnel are required to follow the approval process set forth below to obtain the requisite approvals, if any, before giving or receiving Gifts or Entertainment .
Gifts, Entertainment, Payments & Preferential Treatment
Gifts or Entertainment may create an actual or apparent conflict of interest, which could affect (or appear to affect) the recipients independent business judgment. Therefore, the Policy establishes reasonable limits and procedures relating to giving and receiving Gifts and Entertainment .
If approval is required, Firm Personnel should complete the Request Form for Approval for Gift/Entertainment (unless another form is listed), submit the form to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics, and wait for a decision before taking any action. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall review the submission with your supervisor, department head, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Chief Operating Officer and/or the General Counsel, as appropriate. The Request Forms are attached to this Policy and also available on the Firms intranet under the Policies and Procedures tab under the Forms hyperlink. If you have any doubt about whether a Gift or Entertainment requires approval, you should err on the side of caution and seek approval.
Gifts Provided By the Firm/Firm Personnel
Type of Gift To Be Given |
Approval Required |
|
Cash Gifts (including gift cards) | Prohibited | |
Token Gifts ( e.g . bottles of wine, fruit baskets, books) under $100 (unless given to a Foreign Official or Domestic Official ) | No Approval Required | |
Gifts in excess of $100 that seem appropriate under the circumstances | Pre-Approval Required | |
Gifts to Foreign Officials or Domestic Officials (regardless of value) | Pre-Approval Required | |
Charitable Gifts given on behalf of the Firm | Pre-Approval Required. The Charitable Contribution request form must be completed before making the Gift . |
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Gifts by TCW Funds Distributors (formerly, TCW Brokerage Services), a limited-purpose broker-dealer (TFD) Registered Persons aggregating less than $100 per year |
No Approval Required, But Each Individual Must Maintain Their Own Log On StarCompliance Showing:
Name of recipient(s)
Date of Gift (s)
Value of Gift (s)
A log is not required to record gifts of de minimis value (e.g. pens, notepads or modest desk ornaments) or promotional items of nominal value that display the firms logo (e.g. umbrellas, tote bags or shirts) that are substantially below the $100 limit. However, all other gifts MUST be logged. If you are in doubt if something meets the de minimis standard, then the gift should be logged. |
|
Gifts by TFD Registered Persons aggregating more than $100 per year that do not relate to the business of the recipients employer. Examples of gifts not relating to the business of the recipients employer include personal gifts (not paid for by TCW) where there is a pre-existing personal or family relationship between you and the recipient. |
Pre-Approval Required, And Must Maintain Log Showing:
Name of recipient(s)
Date of Gift (s)
Value of Gift (s) |
|
Gifts by TFD Registered Persons aggregating more than $100 per year that do relate to the business of the recipients employer | Prohibited |
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Gifts to Unions or Union Officers | Pre-Approval Required. The Request Form for Approval for Gift/Entertainment must be completed before making the gift. In addition, an LM Information Report is required to be completed, approved by an officer and submitted to the Firms Controller or the Controllers designee for each occurrence. The Controller or designee will provide a copy to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. |
Entertainment and Hospitality Provided by the Firm/Firm Personnel
Amount |
Approval Required |
|
$250 or less per person and $2,500 or less in aggregate per event | No Approval Required | |
Greater than $250 per person or $2,500 or more in aggregate per event | Pre-Approval Required | |
Attendance and participation at industry sponsored events (for example, purchasing a table at an industry conference) | No Approval Required | |
If provided to a Foreign Official or Domestic Official (regardless of value) | Pre-Approval Required |
Note that for public pension plans, and in some cases other clients, Gifts or Entertainment may have to be disclosed by the Firm in response to client questionnaires and may reflect unfavorably on the Firm in obtaining business. Receipt of Gifts may even lead to disqualification. Therefore, discretion and restraint is advised.
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Gifts and Entertainment Received by Firm Personnel
You should not accept Gifts that are of excessive value (generally, $100 or more) or inappropriate under the circumstances.
If a Gift has a value over $100 and is not approved as being otherwise appropriate, you should (i) reject the Gift , (ii) give the Gift to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will return it to the person giving the Gift (you may include a cover note), or (iii) if returning the Gift could affect friendly relations between a third party and the Firm , give it to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics, which will donate it to charity. Firm Personnel are required to report any gift that they receive worth more than $100 to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.
If the host of an event is personally present at the event, the event will be considered Entertainment ; otherwise, it will be considered a Gift . You should not accept any invitation for Entertainment that is excessive or inappropriate under the circumstances. There may be some circumstances where it is difficult to reject an invitation or provision of hospitality or Entertainment . Where rejecting such an invitation or provision of hospitality could affect friendly relations between a third party and the Firm , use your best judgment and promptly report the entertainment or hospitality to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics shall review such situation with your supervisor, department head, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, and/or the General Counsel, as appropriate. No absolute rules exist, so good judgment must be exercised, considering the context, circumstances, and frequency of the Entertainment or hospitality. For example, approval might be required for an out-of-town sporting event, but not for a business conference in the same venue.
In light of the nature of Gift -giving and the impromptu nature of some Entertainment , approval for Firm Personnel accepting such items may often be after the fact. However, to the extent feasible, any required approvals should be obtained before accepting Gifts or Entertainment .
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Type of Gift/Entertainment Received |
Approval Required |
|
Cash Gifts | Prohibited | |
Solicitation by Firm Personnel of Gifts from clients, suppliers, brokers, business partners, or potential business partners | Prohibited | |
Appropriate Gifts with value of $100 or less | No Approval Required | |
Ticket(s) to attend an industry conference or seminar paid by a vendor or other third party (note that payment of airfare, accommodations, meals and other expenses paid by such vendor or third party would still require approval, unless exempted per the Speaker Exemption below) | No Approval Required | |
Gifts believed to have a value in excess of $100, that seem appropriate under the circumstances | Approval Required | |
Gifts given to a wide group of recipients ( e.g . closing dinner Gifts , holiday Gifts ) | No Approval Required | |
Gifts received from the same donor more than twice in a calendar year | Approval Required | |
Entertainment on a personal basis, involving a small group of people, more than twice in one calendar year | Approval Required | |
Entertainment over $250 per event | Approval Required | |
Out-of-town accommodations and airfare for business conference or other industry event paid by sponsor as speaker expenses, or on the same basis as other attendees (the Speaker Exemption ) | No Approval Required | |
Other out-of-town travel expenses, other than on a business trip or industry conference that is customary and usual for business purposes | Approval Required |
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Political Contributions
All persons are prohibited from making or soliciting political contributions where the purpose is to assist the Firm in obtaining or retaining business. See the Code of Ethics for further information on the Firms policies related to political contributions and activities.
Facilitating Payments are Prohibited
The FCPA permits small payments to low-level Foreign Officials (typically in countries with pervasive corruption) to expedite or secure the performance of non-discretionary government action ( e.g. , processing governmental papers, providing police protection, and providing mail service) under limited circumstances ( Facilitating Payments ). Nevertheless, because such payments may be illegal under the local law of the foreign country involved and/or other applicable anti-corruption laws and rules, such as the Bribery Act, this Policy prohibits Firm Personnel from making such payments, regardless of whether such payments would be permissible under the FCPA.
Health or Safety Exception
Facilitating Payments are permitted in rare circumstances when the health or safety of Firm Personnel ( or anyone else) is at risk. If a payment is made pursuant to this limited exception, Firm Personnel must report the payment and circumstances to the Legal Department as soon as possible after the health or safety of the individual(s) is no longer at risk. The payment must also be accurately recorded in the Firms books and records.
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Third Party Representatives
Under the FCPA and other anti-bribery laws, the Firm may be held responsible for the misconduct of its agents, representatives, business partners, consultants, contractors or any other third party engaged to act on the Firms behalf (collectively Third Party Representatives ). As such, prior to entering into an agreement with any Third Party Representative regarding business outside the United States, the Firm shall perform anti-corruption related due diligence and obtain from the Third Party Representative appropriate assurances of compliance in accordance with this Policy. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics is required to approve all engagements with Third Party Representatives, after consultation with the Legal Department. To facilitate the due diligence process, Firm Personnel should refer to the Standard Operating Procedure for Conducting Anti-Corruption Due Diligence and Third-Party Screening (see Appendix A). In addition to initial screening, all Third Party Representatives will be subject to periodic supplemental screening procedures under the Firms Standard Operating Procedure for Conducting Anti-Corruption Due Diligence and Third-Party Screening.
Furthermore, Firm Personnel should be alert to the activities of any Third Party Representative with whom they interact and promptly report any suspicious activity to the General Counsel . Firm Personnel should be especially alert to Third Party Representatives who are located in or interact with individuals in countries with high levels of corruption (the United States Department of Justice and Transparency International maintain internet-accessible lists of countries where corruption is a concern).
Red Flag Reporting
Firm Personnel are required to promptly report to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics any situations that raise anti-corruption compliance Red Flags . All Firm Personnel are expected to be alert to any Red Flags or other situations that may indicate any compliance issues. The existence of a Red Flag requires additional diligence to address potential problems before a transaction may go forward. Red Flags include (but are not limited to):
| A request for reimbursement of extraordinary, poorly documented, or last minute expenses; |
| A request for payment in cash, to a numbered account, or to an account in the name of someone other than the appropriate counterparty; |
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| A request for payment in a country other than the one in which the transaction is taking place or counterparty is located, especially if it is a country with limited banking transparency; |
| An unreasonable request (taking into consideration the circumstances of the request, including the size of payment and the timing of the request) for payment in advance or prior to an award of a contract, license, concession, or other business; |
| A refusal by a party to certify that it will comply with the requirements and prohibitions of this Policy , applicable anti-corruption laws and rules; |
| A refusal, if asked, to disclose owners, partners, or principals; |
| Use of shell or holding companies that obscure an entitys ownership without credible explanation; |
| As measured by local customs or standards, or under circumstances particular to the partys environment, the partys business seems understaffed, ill equipped, or inconveniently located to undertake its proposed relationship with the Firm; |
| The party, under the circumstances, appears to have insufficient know-how or experience to provide the services the Firm needs; and |
| In the case of engaging a Third Party Representative, the potential Third Party Representative: |
| has an employee or a family member of an employee in a government position, particularly if the family member is or could be in a position to direct business to the Firm ; |
| is insolvent or has significant financial difficulties that would reasonably be expected to impact its dealings with the Firm ; |
| displays ignorance of or indifference to local laws and regulations; |
| is unable to provide appropriate business references; |
| lacks transparency in expenses and accounting records; |
| is the subject of credible rumors or media reports of inappropriate payments; or |
| requests payment that is disproportionate to the services provided. |
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Mandatory Reporting
Firm Personnel and Third Party Representatives are required to promptly report to the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer any instance in which they believe that they, or any other Firm Personnel or Third Party Representative may have violated this Policy . All suspected violations of this Policy , including minor violations, should be reported. For example, a failure to obtain pre-approval before giving Gifts in excess of $100 should be reported. In addition, Firm Personnel and Third Party Representatives must alert the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer if anyone solicits improper Gifts , payments or other inducements from them, including any request made by a Foreign Official or Domestic Official for a payment that would be prohibited under this Policy or any other actions taken to induce such a payment.
Firm Personnel may also report suspected violations of this Policy as specified in the Firms Whistleblower Policy.
Non-Retaliation
The Firm has a Whistleblower Policy , located in the Code of Ethics , which includes, among other items, non-retaliation for persons reporting on activity that is illegal or does not comply with the Firms policies and procedures. Please reference the Whistleblower Policy for more information.
Books and Records
The Firm is required to maintain books and records that accurately reflect the Firms transactions, use of Firm assets, and other similar information. The Firm is also required to maintain the internal accounting controls necessary to maintain proper control over the Firms actions, particularly with respect to the disposition of corporate assets. In particular, Firm Personnel must timely, accurately and fully complete all applicable reports and records. When dealing with Foreign Officials, Domestic Officials , current or prospective customers, suppliers, counterparties, or Third Party Representatives (each a Covered Recipient ) or international transactions, Firm Personnel must obtain all required approvals from the Firm , and when appropriate, from foreign governmental entities.
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All payments to a Covered Recipient must be reported as such. The Firm should not create any undisclosed or unrecorded accounts for any purpose. False or artificial entries are not to be made in the books and records of the Firm for any reason.
Transactions should be recorded in conformity with accepted accounting standards designed to prevent off-the-books transactions such as bribes. All accounting records, expenditures, expense reports, invoices, vouchers, gifts, and business entertainment should be accurately and reliably reported and recorded. Any and all payments by or on behalf of the Firm may only be made on the basis of appropriate supporting documentation and only for the purpose specified in the documentation. In addition, no payments to any third-party shall be made in cash other than documented petty cash disbursements and no corporate checks shall be written to cash, bearer, or third-party designees of the party entitled to payment.
Outside Business Activities
Outside Employment, Service as a Director and Fiduciary Appointments.
Generally
The Firm discourages employees from holding outside employment, including consulting. In addition, an employee may not engage in outside employment that:
| interferes, competes, or conflicts with the interests of the Firm . |
| Employment in the securities brokerage industry is prohibited. |
| Employees must abstain from negotiating, approving, or voting on any transaction between the Firm and any outside organization with which they are affiliated, except in the ordinary course of providing services for the Firm and on a fully disclosed basis. |
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| encroaches on normal working time or otherwise impairs performance, |
| implies Firm sponsorship or support of an outside organization, or |
| adversely reflects directly or indirectly on the Firm . |
For outside employment that is not prohibited, you must obtain the Firms prior written approval as provided below. The decision will be sent to the Human Resources Department with a copy to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics. An approval may be withdrawn at any time for any reason.
All employees are required to complete the initial Outside Business Activity Form and the annual Report on Outside Business Activity annually.
Service as Director
Except as provided below, an employee must obtain the prior written approval as provided below to serve as a director or in a similar capacity of any non- Firm company or institution. An approval may be subject to procedures to safeguard against conflicts of interest.
You do not need approval to serve on the Board of a non-investment related activity that is exclusively charitable, fraternal, religious, civic, and is recognized as tax exempt, that is not a client of the Firm and that has no business relation with the Firm . You must, however, get written approval later if the entity expects to engage in business with the Firm or to become a client.
Fiduciary Appointments
Except as provided below, no Firm employee may accept appointment as:
| executor, trustee, guardian, conservator, general partner, or other fiduciary, or |
| as a consultant in connection with fiduciary or active money management, |
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without prior written approval as provided below. This policy does not apply to appointments involving service on the Board of a charitable, civic, or nonprofit company if the employee does not act as an investment adviser for the entitys assets.
If the Firm grants you approval, it may classify the appointment as an Outside Fiduciary Account . Securities transactions for accounts in which you serve as a fiduciary will be subject to the Personal Investment Transactions Policy.
Compensation, Consulting Fees and Honorariums
Any compensation you expect to receive for outside services must be disclosed. If you have received approval for outside employment, you may retain previously-disclosed compensation for such service including honorariums for publications, public speaking appearances, instruction courses at educational institutions, and similar activities except:
| compensation received for service as a director or officers of an entity as part of your employment activities with the Firm; or |
| as otherwise provided by the terms of the approval. |
Report the amount of this compensation, in writing, to the Chief Operating Officer who will provide a record of the compensation to the Human Resources Department . Direct any questions about compensation you may retain to the Chief Operating Officer . If you receive compensation that was not expected or approved, you must report it to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics.
Serving As Treasurer of Clubs, Houses of Worship, Lodges
An employee may act as treasurer of non-investment related organizations that are exclusively charitable, fraternal, religious, civic, and are recognized as tax exempt, . Funds belonging to such organizations must not be commingled with the Firms funds.
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Obtaining Approval
Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to seek any required approval of outside activities. The requirements for requests and the reviewing parties are described below:
Activity |
Approving Parties |
|||
Outside Employment
Service as Director
Fiduciary Appointment |
Department Head (or supervisor if you are a Department Head); and
Approving Officers |
Complete the Outside Business Activities Form (the OBA Form ) |
Political Activities & Contributions
Introduction
In the U.S., both federal and state laws impose restrictions on certain kinds of political contributions and activities. These laws apply not only to U.S. citizens, but also to foreign nationals and both U.S. and foreign corporations and other institutions. Accordingly, the Firm has adopted policies and procedures concerning political contributions and activities regarding federal, state, and local candidates, officials and political parties.
This policy applies to the Firm and all employees, and in some cases to affiliates, consultants, placement agents and solicitors working for the Firm . Failure to comply with these rules could result in civil or criminal penalties for the Firm and the individuals involved or loss of business for the Firm.
These policies are intended to comply with these laws and regulations and to avoid any appearance of impropriety. These policies are not intended to otherwise interfere with an individuals right to participate in the political process.
| See the Special State Rules Section below for additional limits for the States of Connecticut and New Jersey. |
| If you have any questions about political contributions or activities, contact the General Counsel . |
General Rules
All persons are prohibited from making or soliciting political contributions where the purpose is to assist the Firm in obtaining or retaining business.
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No employee shall apply pressure, direct or implied, on any other employee that infringes upon an individuals right to decide whether, to whom, in what capacity, or in what amount or extent, to engage in political activities.
| All persons are prohibited from doing indirectly or through another person anything prohibited by these policies and procedures or to avoid a required review for approval. |
Rules Governing Firm Contributions and Activities
Federal Elections
The Firm is prohibited from:
| making or facilitating contributions to federal candidates from corporate treasury funds, |
| making or facilitating contributions or donations to federal political party committees and making donations to state and local political party committees if the committees use the funds for federal election activities, |
| using corporate facilities, resources, or employees for federal political activities other than for making corporate communications to its officers, directors, stockholders, and their families, and |
| making partisan communications to its rank and file employees or to the public at large. |
Contributions to State and Local Candidates and Committees
The limitations on corporate political contributions and activities vary significantly from state to state. All Firm employees must obtain pre-clearance from the General Counsel prior to:
| using the Firms funds for any political contributions to state or local candidates, or |
| making any political contribution in the Firms name. |
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Exemptive Relief
To seek approval for an exemption from any requirement of the foregoing policies governing Political Activities & Contributions, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics and provide them with a written statement of the request indicating the basis for the requested exemption. The Administrator of the Code of Ethics will coordinate review of the request. Any exemption will require the approval of the General Counsel .
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Political Activities on Firm Premises and Using Firm Resources
Federal, State, and Local Elections
All employees are prohibited from:
| causing TCW to incur expenses by using Firm resources for political activities, including the use of photocopier paper for political flyers, or Firm -provided refreshments at a political event. (some exceptions to this ban may apply; see On Premises Activities Relating to Federal Elections below), and |
| directing subordinates to participate in federal, state, and/or local fundraising or other political activities, except where those subordinates have voluntarily agreed to participate in such activities. Any employee considering the use of the services of a subordinate employee (whether or not in the same reporting line) for political activities must inform the subordinate that his or her participation is strictly voluntary and that he or she may decline to participate without the risk of retaliation or any adverse job action. |
Federal law and Firm policy allow an individual to engage in limited personal, volunteer political activities on company premises on behalf of a federal candidate if:
| the individual obtains approval before the activities occur. Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to request approval. |
| the political activities are isolated and incidental (they may not exceed 1 hour per week or 4 hours per month), |
| the activities do not prevent the individual from completing normal work or interfere with the Firms normal activity, |
| the activities do not raise the overhead of the Firm (for example, result in phone charges, postage or delivery charges, use of Firm materials), and |
| the activities do not involve services performed by other employees (including secretaries, assistants, or other subordinates) unless the other employees voluntarily engage in the political activities. |
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TCW follows the above policy for activities related to state and local elections.
Rules for Individuals
Responsibility for Personal Contribution Limits
Federal law and the laws of many states and localities establish contribution limits for individuals. Each employee is responsible for knowing and remaining within those limits.
Pre-Approval of all Political Contributions and Volunteer Activity
Each TCW and Buchanan Street employee, and their spouse, domestic partner and relative or significant other sharing the same house, must obtain approval before :
| making or soliciting any Contribution to a current holder or candidate for a state, local or federal elected office , or a campaign committee, political party committee, other political committee or organization (example: Republican or Democratic Governors Association) or inaugural committee. A Contribution includes anything of value for given to or paid: |
| influence any election for federal, state or local office; |
| pay any debt incurred in connection with such election; or |
| pay transition or inaugural expenses incurred by the successful candidate for state or local office. |
| volunteering their services to a political campaign, political party committee, political action committee (PAC ) or political organization. |
Contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics to seek prior approval of any proposed Contribution or volunteer political activity.
Access Persons are required to affirm after the end of each calendar quarter that they have reported all political contributions and volunteer services they, and each of their spouse, domestic partner and relative or significant other sharing the same house, have provided during the quarter.
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New Hires, Transfers and Promotions to Covered Associate Position
New hires, transfers and promotions to positions may not be made without the prior review of their political contributions and activities by Compliance . Human Resources will gather information on any new hire or on any employee being transferred or promoted. The information shall include information about the political contributions or activities of the new hire or employees spouses, domestic partners and relatives or significant others sharing the same house. Compliance can exempt individuals or categories of employees from this review.
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Confidentiality
REQUESTS FOR APPROVAL AND QUARTERLY REPORTS SHALL BE TREATED AS CONFIDENTIAL AND TO BE REVIEWED ONLY BY PERSONS WITH A NEED TO KNOW, REGULATORS AND AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW.
Participation in Public Affairs
The Firm encourages its employees to support community activities and political processes. Normally, voluntary efforts take place outside of regular business hours. If voluntary efforts require corporate time, or you wish to accept an appointive office, or you run for elective office, contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will coordinate review for approval by:
| the head of your Department or your supervisor if you are head of your Department, and |
| the Chief Operating Officer. |
You must campaign on your own time. You may not use Firm property or services without proper reimbursement to the Firm .
Employees participating in political activities do so as individuals and not as representatives of the Firm . You may not:
| use either the Firms name or its address in material you mail or fundraising, and |
| identify the Firm in any advertisements or literature, except as necessary biographical information. |
Fundraising and Soliciting Political Contributions
Firm officers, directors or other personnel may not make political solicitations under the auspices of the Firm , unless authorized in writing by the General Counsel who will maintain a copy. Use of Firm letterhead is prohibited
Any solicitation or invitations to fundraisers by a Firm officer, director or other personnel on behalf of candidates, party committees or political committees must:
| originate from the individuals home address, |
| make clear that the solicitation is not sponsored by the Firm , and |
| make clear that the contribution is voluntary on the part of the person being solicited. |
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SPECIAL STATE RULES
Connecticut:
Directors, officers, and managerial or discretionary employees of the Firm who have direct, extensive, and substantive responsibilities with respect to the negotiation of contracts with the State of Connecticut or any state agency may not make political contributions to or request contributions, participate in fundraising, serve as a chair of a committee, or serve on a fund raising committee for:
| candidates or exploratory committees for the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Controller, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Senator, State Representative, and |
| any state party or political committee. |
| These prohibitions do not apply to activities related to local offices or local subdivisions. |
NEW JERSEY:
Officers of the Firm and third-party solicitors may not:
| make political contributions to New Jersey state or local officials, employees, or candidates for office, or |
| engage in any payment to a political party in New Jersey. |
The New Jersey restrictions apply to New Jersey state and local elections, New Jersey state and local incumbents and candidates, and political parties and committees of any kind and at any level in New Jersey. They do not apply with regard to candidates for federal office.
These rules prohibit:
| making or soliciting money or in-kind contributions, |
| funding, coordinating or reimbursing a contribution by someone else, |
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| participating in fundraising activity, and |
| engaging in any other activity that is designed indirectly, including through the employees spouse or other family members, to accomplish otherwise prohibited political activity. Officers may not instruct or influence other employees to participate in these activities on their behalf. |
An officer may make contributions to:
| Candidates and incumbents for state and local elective office for whom the officer eligible to vote of $250 or less per official or candidate per election, or |
| New Jersey political parties of $250 or less per party per year. |
| Support of Candidates, Initiatives, and Special Purpose Organizations Hostile to Defined Benefit Plans |
| The Firm considers the support of candidates, initiatives, or special purpose political action organizations that threaten or otherwise jeopardize the future of employer-sponsored or union-sponsored defined benefit plans that are intended to provide security to their members often to be against the interest of our client base. As such, |
| the Firm will not sponsor or contribute to such candidates, initiatives or special purpose political action organizations, and |
| employees of the Firm are urged to not sponsor or contribute to such candidates, initiatives, or special purpose political action organizations. |
Other Employee Conduct
Personal Loans
You may not borrow from clients or from Firm vendors or service providers, except those who engage in lending in the usual course of their business and then only on terms offered to others in similar circumstances, without special treatment. This prohibition does not preclude borrowing from individuals related to you by blood or marriage.
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Taking Advantage of a Business Opportunity That Rightfully Belongs To the Firm
Employees must not take for their own advantage a business opportunity that rightfully belongs to the Firm . Whenever the Firm has been actively soliciting a business opportunity, or the opportunity has been offered to it, or the Firms funds, facilities, or personnel have been used in pursuing the opportunity, that opportunity rightfully belongs to the Firm and not to employees who may be in a position to divert the opportunity for their own benefits.
Examples of improperly taking advantage of a corporate opportunity include:
| selling information to which an employee has access because of his/her position, |
| acquiring any property interest or right when the Firm is known to be interested in the property in question, |
| receiving a commission or fee on a transaction that would otherwise accrue to the Firm , and |
| diverting business or personnel from the Firm . |
Disclosure of a Direct or Indirect Interest in a Transaction
If you or any family member have any interest in a transaction (whether on behalf of a client or the Firm ), that interest must be disclosed, in writing, to the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer to allow assessment of potential conflicts of interest.
| You do not need to report any interest that is otherwise reported in accordance with the Personal Investment Transactions Policy. |
| Example of an interest that should be disclosed: conducting TCW business with a vendor or service provider who is related to you or for which your parent, spouse, or child is an officer should be disclosed. |
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Corporate Property or Services
You may not purchase or acquire corporate property or use of the services of other employees for personal purposes. For example, you may not use inside counsel for personal legal advice absent approval from the General Counsel or use of outside counsel for that advice at the Firms expense.
Use of TCW Stationery
You may not use corporate stationery for personal correspondence or other non-job-related purposes.
Giving Advice to Clients
The Firm cannot practice law or provide legal advice.
| Avoid statements that might be interpreted as legal advice; and |
| Avoid giving clients advice on tax matters, the preparation of tax returns, or investment decisions, except as appropriate in the performance of a fiduciary or advisory responsibility, or as otherwise required in the ordinary course of your duties. |
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Confidentiality
All information relating to past, current, and prospective clients is confidential and is not to be discussed with anyone outside the organization under any circumstance. All employees and on-site long term temporary employees and consultants will be required to sign and adhere to a Confidentiality Agreement. You should report violations of the Confidentiality Agreement to the Chief Compliance Officer .
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Sanctions
The Firm may impose such sanctions it deems appropriate upon discovering a violation of this Code , including, but not limited to, an oral or written reprimand, supplemental training, a reversal of a transaction and disgorgement of profits, demotion, and suspension or termination of employment.
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Reporting Illegal or Suspicious ActivityWhistleblower Policy
Policy
The Firm is committed to compliance with the law and its policies in all of its operations. The Firms employees can provide early identification of significant issues that arise with compliance with policies and the law. The Firms policy is to create an environment in which its employees can report these issues in good faith without fear of reprisal.
The Firm requires that all employees report activity that is illegal or does not comply with the Firms policies and procedures ( Compliance Issues ), including this Code . Reports about Compliance Issues will be held confidentially by the Firm except in limited circumstances. The Firm expects the exercise of the Whistleblower Policy to be used responsibly. If an employee believes that a policy is not being followed because it is being overlooked, one first step could be to bring the issue to the attention of the party charged with the operation of the policy. If, however, you believe that a policy is not being followed and feel uncomfortable bringing it to the attention of the person involved, you may follow the other procedures set forth in this policy.
Procedure
In some cases, an employee should be able to resolve issues or concerns with their manager or, if appropriate, other management senior to their manager. However, this may fail or the employee may have legitimate reasons to choose not to notify management. In such cases, the Firm has established a system for employees to report Compliance Issues .
An employee who has a good faith belief that a Compliance Issue may occur or is occurring is required to come forward and report under this policy. Good faith means that the employee believes that they are disclosing information that is truthful, but it does not require that a reported concern is correct.
The report should be made to the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel and may be made via the whistleblower line at (213) 244-0055. The whistleblower line is only directly accessible by the Chief Compliance Officer and the General Counsel . Reports may also be made directly to the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel , in person or in writing (including email). Reports may
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also be made anonymously via the whistleblower line or the whistleblower drop box located in the dining room on the 21 st floor of the Los Angeles office and in the Town Hall pantry in the New York office; however, the Firm encourages employees to identify themselves when making a report to facilitate follow-up communication. When making a report, employees should state in as much detail as possible the facts that raised a concern.
The Chief Compliance Officer and General Counsel will consult about the investigation as required. Depending on the nature of the matters covered by the report, an investigation may be conducted by an officer or manager, the Chief Compliance Officer , the General Counsel or an external party.
The Firm understands the importance of maintaining confidentiality of the reporting employee. The identity of the employee making the report will be kept confidential, except to the extent that disclosure may be required by law, a governmental agency, or self-regulatory organization, or as an essential part of completing the investigation. The employee making the report will be advised if confidentiality cannot be maintained. To the extent practicable, employees will be kept apprised of the Firms response to their reports.
The Chief Compliance Officer will follow up to assure that the investigation is completed, that any Compliance Issue is addressed, and that no acts of retribution or retaliation occur against the person reporting violations or cooperating in an investigation in good faith.
Each quarter (or more frequently as necessary), the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel will provide TCWs Board of Directors with an update regarding the status of each report received under this policy during the preceding quarter. Employees may also contact the California Office of the Attorney Generals whistleblower hotline at (800) 952-5225. The Attorney General refers calls received on its whistleblower hotline to an appropriate governmental authority for review and possible investigation
Submitting a report that is known to be false is a violation of this Reporting of Illegal or Suspicious Activity Policy.
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Annual Compliance Certification
The Firm will require all Access Persons and Firm directors to certify annually that
| they have read and understand the terms of this Code |
| recognize the responsibilities and obligations incurred by their being subject to this Code , and |
| they are in compliance with the requirements of this Code including, but not limited to, the personal investment transactions policies contained in this Code . |
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Glossary
A
Access Persons Includes all of the Firms directors, officers, and employees, except directors who (i) do not devote substantially all working time to the activities of the Firm , and (ii) do not have access to information about the day-to-day investment activities of the Firm . A consultant, temporary employee, or other person may be considered an Access Person depending on various factors, including length of service, nature of duties, and access to Firm information.
Account A separate account and/or a commingled fund (e.g., limited partnership, trust, mutual fund, REIT , and CBO / CDO / CLO ).
Administrator of the Code of Ethics Shall be a member of the Compliance Department, as designated by the Chief Compliance Officer.
Approving Officers One of the Chief Operating Officer or the Head of Investment Operations Technology in addition to one of the General Counsel or the Chief Compliance Officer.
Auto-Trades Pre-instructed transactions that occur automatically following the instruction, such as dividend or distribution reinvestments, paycheck contributions, and periodic or automatic withdrawal programs.
B
Beneficial Interest an interest of an Access Person in a security or account of another person under which they (i) can obtain benefits substantially equivalent to owning the security, (ii) can obtain ownership of the security immediately or within 60 days, or (iii) can vote or dispose of the security.
BNY Mellon The Bank of New York Mellon, the entity to which the Firm has outsourced client accounting and related operations for Accounts other than the Firms proprietary mutual funds and wrap accounts.
C
CBO Collateralized bond obligation.
CDO Collateralized debt obligation. A security backed by a pool of bonds, loans, and other assets.
Chief Compliance Officer The Chief Compliance Officer of TCW . For purposes of this policy, the term Chief Compliance Officer shall include persons authorized by the Chief Compliance Officer to handle certain matters under this Code of Ethics policy.
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CLO - Collateralized loan obligation.
Code of Ethics This Code of Ethics.
Compliance Issue activity that is illegal or does not comply with the Firms formal written policies and procedures
Contribution includes anything of value given or paid to (i) influence any election for federal, state or local office, (ii) pay any debt incurred in connection with such election, or (iii) pay transition or inaugural expenses incurred by the successful candidate for state or local office.
Covered Account Account of an Access Person or related Covered Person
Covered Person Spouse, minor child, relative or significant other sharing a house with an Access Person , or any other person is the Access Person has a beneficial interest in the persons accounts or securities.
Covered Transaction a transaction in a Covered Account.
D
Direct Purchase Plan An investment service that allows individuals to purchase a security directly from a company or through a transfer agent. Not all companies offer Direct Purchase Plans and the plans often have restrictions on when an individual can purchase.
E
Entertainment Generally means the attendance by you and your guests at a meal, sporting event, theater production, or comparable event where the expenses are paid by a business relation who invited you, and also might include payment of travel to, or accommodation expenses at, a conference or an out-of-town event.
ETF Exchange Traded Fund. A fund that tracks an index but can be traded like a stock.
Ethical Walls or Informational Barriers The conscientious use of a combination of trading restrictions and information barriers designed to confine material non-public information to a given individual, group, or department.
Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Exempt Securities Only the Securities (or Securities obtained in transactions) described in the subsection Securities or Transactions Exempt from Personal Investment Transactions Policy.
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F
Firm or TCW The TCW Group of companies.
Foreign Official Includes (i) government officials, (ii) political party leaders, (iii) candidates for office, (iv) employees of state-owned enterprises (such as state-owned banks or pension plans), and (v) relatives or agents of a Foreign Official if a payment is made to such relative or agent of a Foreign Official with the knowledge or intent that it ultimately would benefit the Foreign Official .
G
General Counsel The General Counsel of TCW . For purposes of this policy, the term General Counsel shall include persons authorized by the General Counsel to handle certain matters under this Code of Ethics policy.
Gift Anything of value received without paying its reasonable fair value (e.g., favors, credit, special discounts on goods or services, free services, loans of goods or money, tickets to sports or entertainment events, trips and hotel expenses). If something falls within the definition of Entertainment , it does not fall within the category of Gifts .
I
IPO Initial public offering. An offering of securities registered under the Securities Act , the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act .
Inside information Material, non-public information.
Investment Personnel Includes (i) any portfolio manager or securities analyst or securities trader who provides information or advice to a portfolio manager or who helps execute a portfolio managers decision, and (ii) a member of the Investment Control Department.
IRA Individual Retirement Account.
L
Limited Offering An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 or under the Securities Act . Note that a CBO or CDO is considered a Limited Offering or Private Placement .
Linked Broker A broker that provides account information by automatic feed to StarCompliance.
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LM Information Report Report required for reporting gifts or entertainment to labor unions or union officials.
M
Material Information Information that a reasonable investor would consider important in making an investment decision. Generally, this is information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have an effect on the price of a companys securities.
MetWest Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.
N
Non-Discretionary Accounts Accounts for which the individual does not directly or indirectly make or influence the investment decisions.
O
Outside Fiduciary Accounts Certain fiduciary accounts outside of the Firm for which an individual has received the Firms approval to act as fiduciary and that the Firm has determined qualify to be treated as Outside Fiduciary Accounts under this Code of Ethics .
P
PAT Pre-Authorization to Trade that can be found at http://tcw.starcompliance.com.
Private Placements An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or pursuant to Rules 504, 505, or 506 or under the Securities Act . Note that a CBO or CDO is considered a Limited Offering or Private Placement .
R
REIT Real estate investment trust.
Registered Person Any person having a securities license (e.g., Series 6, 7, 24, etc.) with TFD .
Restricted Securities List A list of the securities for which the Firm is generally limited firm-wide from engaging in transactions.
Rule 10b5-1 Plan A rule established by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows insiders of publicly traded corporations to set up a trading plan for selling stocks they own. Rule 10b5-1 allows major holders to sell a predetermined number of shares at a predetermined time.
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S
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities Includes any interest or instrument commonly known as a security, including stocks, bonds, ETFs , shares of mutual funds, and other investment companies (including money market funds and their equivalents), options, warrants, financial commodities, a derivative linked to a specific security or other derivative products and interests in privately placed offerings and limited partnerships, including hedge funds.
Securities Act Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
T
TAMCO TCW Asset Management Company, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.
TCW or Firm The TCW Group of companies.
TCW Advisor Includes TAMCO , TIMCO , MetWest, WGA and any other U.S. federally registered advisors directly or indirectly controlled by The TCW Group, Inc.
TFD TCW Funds Distributors (formerly, TCW Brokerage Services), a limited-purpose broker-dealer.
TCW Funds TCW Funds, Inc., each of its series, and any other proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by TIMCO or the Metropolitan West Funds, each of its series, and any proprietary, registered, open-end investment companies (mutual funds) advised by Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC.
TIMCO TCW Investment Management Company, a U.S.-registered investment advisor and direct subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc.
TSI TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., and any other proprietary, registered, closed-end investment companies advised by TIMCO .
W
WGA Westgate Advisors, LLC, a U.S.-registered investment advisor controlled by The TCW Group, Inc.
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Appendix A
Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting Anti-Corruption Due Diligence and Third-Party Screening
1. | Detecting Compliance Issues |
To reduce the risk of inadvertent violations by the Firm of applicable anti-corruption laws and rules, proper due diligence must be conducted prior to all transactions where the Firm may be engaging Third Party Representatives , including placement agents or distributors, to operate or interact with clients or portfolio companies outside the U.S. Depending on the circumstances, due diligence of any transaction or engagement may include one or a combination of the following steps:
a. | Reviewing correspondence, payment records, and other relevant materials related to the pertinent transaction partner or circumstance; |
b. | Requiring a party to submit a due diligence questionnaire response to the Firm for review; |
c. | Performing a risk evaluation of locations known for unethical business practices; |
d. | Conducting a search of public records; |
e. | Conducting interviews of relevant parties; |
f. | Obtaining business references of potential transaction partners; |
g. | Conducting a due diligence investigation prior to the engagement of a new Third Party Representative ; |
h. | Conducting a background check on a potential transaction partner; |
i. | Contacting outside legal counsel as necessary; or |
j. | Taking other steps as appropriate. |
In consultation with the Compliance Department, in determining the scope and parameters of the due diligence, the individual who is in charge of the transaction/engagement for the Firm is responsible for carrying out the appropriate due diligence. Once the due diligence is complete, the Compliance Department is responsible for approving all transactions or engagements based in part on the due diligence that was conducted.
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2. | Addressing Compliance Issues |
Any anti-corruption compliance issue that comes to the attention of any Firm Personnel must be reported to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics and addressed before proceeding with the relevant transaction or doing business with or through a Third Party Representative .
3. | Document Due Diligence Process |
The due diligence process in general, and any inquiry into the facts and circumstances of any anti-corruption issue, in particular, as well as the reasonable response to that inquiry, shall be documented in order to demonstrate that the response was reasonable.
As appropriate and necessary to demonstrate that the review was reasonable, the Compliance Department shall maintain records of documents, correspondence, and other materials reviewed or created as part of the Firms due diligence and any review of a possible anti-corruption issue. All such records shall be retained for a period of at least five (5) years from the conclusion of the review.
4. | Seek guidance as necessary during the process . |
Firm Personnel must consult with the Compliance Department whenever encountering a situation involving any anti-corruption issue, including a Red Flag , or any other similar situation.
5. | Identify and report compliance issues, including Red Flags . |
It is important for Firm Personnel to identify and report anti-corruption compliance issues in the ordinary course of business. To this end, the following shall apply to all Firm Personnel :
a. | Familiarize yourself with the examples of Red Flags listed in this Policy ; Attend anti-corruption training as applicable so you can identify the types of situations that may raise Red Flags or other compliance concerns that are not enumerated in this Policy ; |
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b. | Be vigilant in detecting Red Flags ; it is prohibited to consciously avoid or close your eyes to a violation or to a Red Flag ; |
c. | Look out for Red Flags both before and during a relationship with any transaction partner; and |
d. | If you have information concerning a potential Red Flag , contact the Administrator of the Code of Ethics immediately. |
No Firm Personnel who in good faith provides information regarding a possible R ed Flag will suffer any retaliation or adverse employment decision as a consequence of such report.
The existence of a Red Flag does not necessarily mean that a violation has occurred or will occur. However, once a Red Flag arises, Firm Personnel must report the Red Flag to the Administrator of the Code of Ethics who will oversee a reasonable inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the Red Flag . Upon request, other Firm Personnel will cooperate with and assist in the review of the Red Flag . The extent of this inquiry will depend on the facts of the particular situation and the degree of risk involved.
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