A. Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data as of and for each of the five years ended December 31, 2016 has been derived from our historical consolidated financial statements, which as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V., an independent registered public accounting firm, and as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012,

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have been audited by Ernst & Young Accountants LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, except as noted below. The data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the financial information in “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

The data for 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 reflects the classification of WIND as a discontinued operation, and the data for 2012 is unaudited. The data for 2016 reflects 10 months of WIND classified as a discontinued operation and two months of WIND classified as an equity investment. For more information, please see “Explanatory Note—Accounting Treatment of our Historical WIND Business and the new Italy Joint Venture” and Note 6 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

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SELECTED OPERATING DATA

The following selected operating data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 has been derived from internal company sources. The number of mobile data customers and fixed-line broadband customers have not been included as of December 31, 2012 because we did not have an operational protocol to collect that data in 2012. The selected operating data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and their related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the section of this Annual Report on Form 20-F entitled “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

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B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not required.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not required.

D. Risk Factors

The risks below relate to our company and our American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”). Before purchasing our ADSs, you should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 20-F including but not limited to, these risks.

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In addition to those risk factors, there may be additional risks and uncertainties of which management is not aware or focused on or that management deems immaterial. Our business, financial condition or results of operations or prospects could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

Substantial amounts of indebtedness and debt service obligations could materially decrease our cash flow, adversely affect our business and financial condition and prevent us from raising additional capital.

We have substantial amounts of indebtedness and debt service obligations. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding principal amount of our external debt for bonds, bank loans, equipment financing, and loans from others amounted to approximately US$10.5 billion. For more information regarding our outstanding indebtedness, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Activities.”

Agreements under which we borrow funds contain obligations, which include covenants that impose on us certain operating and financial restrictions. Some of these covenants relate to our financial performance or financial condition, such as levels or ratios of earnings, debt and assets and may have the effect of preventing us or our subsidiaries from incurring additional debt. Failure to meet these obligations may result in a default, which could increase the cost of securing additional capital and lead to the acceleration of our loans and the loss of assets that secure the defaulted debts, where they are secured, or to which our creditors otherwise have recourse. Such a default and acceleration of the obligations under one or more of these agreements (including as a result of cross-default or cross-acceleration) could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and in particular on our liquidity and our shareholders’ equity. In addition, covenants in our debt agreements could impair our liquidity and our ability to expand or finance our future operations. For a discussion of agreements under which we borrow funds, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Activities” and Note 18 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Please also see “—A disposition by one or both of our largest shareholders of their respective stakes in VEON Ltd. or a change in control of VEON Ltd. could harm our business” for information regarding change of control provisions in some of our debt agreements.

Aside from the risk of default, given our substantial amounts of indebtedness and limits imposed by our debt obligations, our business could suffer significant negative consequences such as the need to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for paying dividends, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, joint ventures and other purposes necessary for us to maintain our competitive position and to maintain flexibility and resiliency in the face of general adverse economic and industry conditions.

We may not be able to successfully implement our strategic priorities.

We are rapidly transforming with the aim to reinvent the business across all geographies and operations. This transformation involves re-engineering fundamentals, working to revitalize the business and implementing a new digital model. However, there can be no assurance that our strategy will be successfully implemented and will not cause changes in our operational efficiencies or structure. In addition, although we are working to improve revenue trends in our Algeria segment, there can be no assurance that the current trend of decreasing revenue in Algeria will be reversed.

A failure to obtain the anticipated benefits of our performance transformation program including revenue targets; cost optimization or a delay in the implementation of our transformation programs could significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

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In addition, the implementation of our strategic priorities could result in increased costs, conflicts with stakeholders, business interruptions and difficulty in recruiting and retaining key personnel, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We may not be able to raise additional capital.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future, including through debt financing. If we incur additional indebtedness, the risks that we now face related to our indebtedness and debt service obligations could increase. Specifically, we may not be able to generate enough cash to pay the principal, interest and other amounts due under our indebtedness. In addition, we may not be able to borrow money within the local or international capital markets on acceptable terms, or at all. The sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union, and other countries in connection with developments in Russia and Ukraine, and additional sanctions which may be imposed in the future, may also negatively affect our ability to raise external financing, particularly if the sanctions are broadened. For a discussion of the sanctions imposed against Ukraine and Russia, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.” Our ability to raise additional capital may also be restricted by covenants in our financing agreements or affected by any downgrade of our credit ratings, including for reasons outside our control, which may materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may be unable to make necessary or desired capital expenditures, to take advantage of investment opportunities, to refinance existing indebtedness or to meet unexpected financial requirements, and our growth strategy and liquidity may be negatively affected. This could cause us to be unable to repay indebtedness as it comes due, to delay or abandon anticipated expenditures and investments or otherwise limit operations, which could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange loss and currency fluctuation and translation risks.

A significant amount of our costs, expenditures and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars and euros, including capital expenditures and borrowings, while a significant amount of our revenue is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and the euro. Thus, declining values of local currencies against the U.S. dollar or the euro could make it more difficult for us to repay or refinance our U.S. dollar denominated debt and/or euro denominated purchase equipment and services. The values of the Russian, Algerian, Ukrainian and Kazakh currencies, for example, have declined significantly in response to political and economic issues since December 31, 2013, and may continue to decline. Currency fluctuations and volatility may impact our results of operations and result in foreign currency transaction and translation losses in the future. For example, in 2016, total operating revenues in functional currency terms were relatively stable compared to 2015, but in U.S. dollar terms, total operating revenues decreased by 8%. For more information about foreign currency translation and our results of operations, see the sections entitled “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations,” “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Certain Ongoing Factors Affecting Our Financial Position and Results of Operations—Foreign Currency Translation,” “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Notes 5 and 18 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

The countries in which we operate have experienced periods of high levels of inflation, including certain cases of hyperinflation. Our profit margins could be harmed if we are unable to sufficiently increase our prices to offset any significant future increase in the inflation rate, which may be difficult with our mass market customers and our price sensitive customer base. Inflationary pressure in the countries where we have operations could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Certain Ongoing Factors Affecting Our Financial Position and Results of Operations—Inflation.”

Changes in exchange rates could also impact our ability to comply with covenants under our debt agreements. Exchange rate risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. We cannot ensure that our existing or future hedging strategies will sufficiently hedge against these risks.

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As a holding company, VEON Ltd. depends on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends and therefore on the performance of its subsidiaries, and is affected by changes in exchange controls and currency restrictions in the countries in which its subsidiaries operate.

VEON Ltd. is a holding company and does not conduct any revenue-generating business operations of its own. Its principal assets are the direct and indirect equity interests it owns in its operating subsidiaries. It is dependent upon cash dividends, distributions, loans or other transfers it receives from its subsidiaries to make dividend payments to its shareholders (including holders of ADSs), to repay debts, and to meet its other obligations. The ability of VEON Ltd.’s subsidiaries to pay dividends and make payments or loans to VEON Ltd. depends on the success of their businesses and is not guaranteed. Although VEON Ltd. has a global strategy set by leadership, management at each operation is responsible for executing many aspects of that strategy, and it is not certain local management will be able to execute that strategy effectively.

VEON Ltd.’s subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities. Any right that VEON Ltd. has to receive any assets of or distributions from any subsidiary upon its bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation or reorganization, or to realize proceeds from the sale of the assets of any subsidiary, will be junior to the claims of that subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors.

The ability of VEON Ltd.’s subsidiaries to pay dividends and make payments or loans to VEON Ltd., and to guarantee VEON Ltd.’s debt, will depend on their operating results and may be restricted by applicable covenants in debt agreements and corporate, tax and other laws and regulations. These covenants, laws and regulations include restrictions on dividends, limitations on repatriation of earnings, limitations on the making of loans and repayment of debts, monetary transfer restrictions and foreign currency exchange restrictions in certain agreements and/or certain jurisdictions in which VEON Ltd.’s subsidiaries operate. For further details on the restrictions on dividend payments, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Certain Ongoing Factors Affecting Our Financial Position and Results of Operations—Foreign Currency Controls and Currency Restrictions” and “—Risks Related to Our Markets—The banking systems in many countries in which we operate remain underdeveloped, there are a limited number of creditworthy banks in these countries with which we can conduct business and currency control requirements restrict activities in certain markets in which we have operations.” Furthermore, our ability to withdraw funds and dividends from our subsidiaries and operating companies may depend on the consent of our strategic partners where applicable. See “—Our strategic partnerships and relationships carry inherent business risks.”

We have incurred and are continuing to incur costs and related management oversight obligations in connection with our obligations under the DPA, the SEC Judgment and the Dutch Settlement Agreement, which may be significant.

VEON Ltd. is subject to a DPA with the DOJ, the SEC Judgment and the Dutch Settlement Agreement with the OM. See “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.7. Legal Proceedings” and Notes 25 and 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. In conjunction with the DPA and pursuant to the SEC Judgment, VEON Ltd. is required to retain, at our own expense, an independent compliance monitor. The independent compliance monitor has been appointed. Pursuant to the DPA and the SEC Judgment, the monitorship will continue for a period of three years from 2016, and the term of the monitorship may be terminated early or extended depending on certain circumstances, as ultimately determined and approved by the DOJ and the SEC. The monitor will assess and monitor our compliance with the terms of the DPA and the SEC Judgment by evaluating factors such as our corporate compliance program, internal accounting controls, recordkeeping and financial reporting policies and procedures. The monitor may recommend changes to our policies, procedures, and internal accounting controls that we must adopt unless they are unduly burdensome or otherwise inadvisable, in which case we may propose alternatives, which the DOJ and the SEC may or may not accept. In addition, VEON Ltd. incurred fines and disgorgement payable to the U.S. and Dutch authorities in connection with the entry into the DPA, the SEC Judgment and the Dutch Settlement Agreement. VEON Ltd. has incurred significant costs in

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connection with the disposition of these investigations and agreements, including retention of legal counsel and other vendors/advisors and other costs related to the investigations undertaken in connection with these matters. VEON Ltd. currently cannot estimate the additional costs that it is likely to incur in connection with compliance with the DPA, the SEC Judgment and the Dutch Settlement Agreement, including the ongoing obligations relating to the monitorship, its obligations to cooperate with the agencies regarding their investigations of other parties, the monitorship, and the costs of implementing the changes, if any, to its internal controls, policies and procedures required by the monitor. However, such costs could be significant.

Under the DPA and pursuant to the SEC Judgment, VEON Ltd. has obligations to implement, and continue to implement, a compliance and ethics program designed to prevent and detect violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and other applicable anti-corruption laws throughout its operations. Further, VEON Ltd. must continue to undertake a review of its existing internal accounting controls, policies, and procedures regarding compliance with the FCPA and other applicable anti-corruption laws. The implementation of these programs and the review of our internal accounting controls, policies, and procedures regarding compliance with the FCPA and other applicable anti-corruption laws is ongoing and may take significant management time and resources.

We could be subject to criminal prosecution or civil sanction if we breach the DPA with the DOJ, the SEC Judgment or the Dutch Settlement Agreement, and we may face other potentially negative consequences relating to the investigations by, and agreements with, the DOJ, SEC and OM, including additional investigations and litigation.

Failure to comply with the terms of the DPA, whether such failure relates to alleged improper payments, internal controls failures, or other non-compliance, could result in criminal prosecution by the DOJ, including (but not limited to) for the charged conspiracy to violate the anti-bribery and the books and records provisions of the FCPA and violation of the internal controls provisions of the FCPA that were included in the information that was filed in connection with the DPA. Under such circumstance, the DOJ would be permitted to rely upon the admissions we made in the DPA and would benefit from our waiver of certain procedural and evidentiary defenses.

Pursuant to the SEC Judgment, VEON Ltd. is permanently enjoined from committing or aiding and abetting any future violations of the anti-fraud, corrupt payments, books and records, reporting and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws and related SEC rules. Failure to comply with this injunction could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, a new SEC enforcement action or both.

Any criminal prosecution by the DOJ as a result of a breach of the DPA or civil or criminal penalties imposed as a result of noncompliance with the SEC Judgment could subject us to penalties and other costs and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We may also face other potentially negative consequences relating to the investigations by, and agreements with, the DOJ, SEC and OM. None of the DPA, the SEC Judgment or the Dutch Settlement Agreement prevents these authorities from carrying out certain additional investigations with respect to the facts not covered in the agreements or in other jurisdictions, or prevents authorities in other jurisdictions from carrying out investigations into, or taking actions with respect to the issuance or renewal of our licenses or otherwise in relation to, these or other matters. Furthermore, the Norwegian Government has held parliamentary hearings concerning the investigations in the past and may schedule further hearings. Similarly, the agreements do not foreclose potential third party or additional shareholder litigation related to these matters. For example, a consolidated class action lawsuit has been filed in a U.S. district court against VEON in relation to our prior disclosure regarding our operations in Uzbekistan, and relies upon the investigations by the DOJ, SEC and OM. We may incur significant costs in connection with this or future lawsuits. Any collateral investigations, litigation or other government or third party actions resulting from these, or other, matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

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In addition, any ongoing media and governmental interest in the prior investigations, the agreements and lawsuits, and any announced investigations and/or arrests of our former executive officers could impact the perception of us and result in reputational harm to our company.

Efforts to merge with or acquire other companies or product lines, or to otherwise form strategic partnerships with third parties, may divert management attention and resources away from our business operations, and if we complete a merger, an acquisition or other strategic partnership, we may incur or assume additional liabilities or experience integration problems.

We seek from time to time to merge with or acquire other companies or product lines, or to form strategic partnerships through the formation of joint ventures or otherwise, for various strategic reasons, including to acquire more frequency spectrum, new technologies and service capabilities; add new customers; increase market penetration or expand into new markets. In particular, on November 5, 2016, we completed a transaction to form a joint venture holding company with Hutchison, through which we jointly own and operate our historical WIND and Hutchison’s historical 3 Italia telecommunications businesses in Italy (see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—Italy Joint Venture”); and on July 1, 2016 we completed a transaction with WTPL and Bank Alfalah, which resulted in the merger of our telecommunications businesses in Pakistan (see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—Pakistan Merger”). Our ability to successfully grow through acquisitions or strategic partnerships depends upon our ability to identify, negotiate, complete and integrate suitable companies and to obtain any necessary financing and the prior approval of any relevant regulatory bodies or courts. These efforts could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. As a result of any such merger, acquisition or strategic partnerships or failure of any anticipated merger, acquisition or strategic partnership to materialize (including any such failure caused by regulatory or third-party challenges), we may also experience:

In addition, an acquisition or strategic partnership could materially impair our operating results by causing us to incur debt or requiring us to amortize merger or acquisition expenses and merged or acquired assets. We

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may not be able to assess ongoing profitability and identify all actual or potential liabilities or issues of a business prior to an acquisition, merger or strategic partnership. If we acquire, merge with or form strategic partnerships with businesses or assets, which result in assuming unforeseen liabilities in respect of which we have not obtained contractual protections or for which protection is not available, this could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. As we investigate industry consolidation, our risks may increase. Our integration and consolidation of such businesses may also lead to changes in our operational efficiencies or structure. For information about our acquisitions, please see Note 6 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Further, we may not be able to divest some of our activities as planned, such as any potential towers sales (which could cause costs to be materially higher than anticipated), and the divestitures we carry out could negatively impact our business.

Integration of the Warid and Mobilink (now Jazz) brands is subject to significant uncertainties and risks.

Although the Pakistan Merger is now complete, there can be no assurance that we will not experience difficulties in integrating the operations of Warid and Mobilink brands (now jointly operating under the Jazz brand), that we will realize expected synergies, that the integration process will not negatively affect our customer base, revenue or market share or that we will not incur higher than expected costs. In addition, the integration of the businesses in Pakistan will require substantial time and focus from management, which could adversely affect their ability to operate the businesses.

The Italy Joint Venture is subject to integration and performance risks.

A portion of our operations is conducted through the Italy Joint Venture. Although the transaction closed on November 5, 2016, the Italy Joint Venture may be subject to integration risks, which may affect its business or results of operations. In addition, a failure by the Italy Joint Venture to perform as anticipated or realize its business plans, could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

On March 22, 2017, the Italian telecommunications regulator AGCOM issued a notice to the Italy Joint Venture in relation to compliance with the EU Regulation 2015/2120 (the “open internet access regulation”), which regulates, among other things, traffic management practices in the EU, including Italy. The Italy Joint Venture has until April 15, 2017 to inform AGCOM of the measures it has taken, if any, to ensure compliance. The Italy Joint Venture believes that this notice will not have a material impact on its digital offering.

Our strategic partnerships and relationships carry inherent business risks.

We participate in strategic partnerships and joint ventures in a number of countries, including Russia (Euroset), Kazakhstan (KaR-Tel LLP and TNS-Plus LLP), Algeria (OTA), Uzbekistan (Buzton JV), Kyrgyzstan (Sky Mobile LLC, Terra LLC), Georgia (Mobitel LLC), Tajikistan (Tacom LLC) and Laos (VimpelCom Lao Co., Ltd). We also own 50% of the Italy Joint Venture. In addition, in Algeria and Laos, our local partners are either government institutions or directly related to the local government, which could increase our exposure to the risks described in “—Risks Related to Our Markets.”

We do not always have a controlling stake in our affiliated companies and even when we do, our actions with respect to these affiliated companies may be restricted to some degree by shareholders’ agreements entered into with our strategic partners. If disagreements develop with our partners, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects may be harmed. Our ability to withdraw funds and dividends from these entities may depend on the consent of partners. Agreements with some of these partners include change of control provisions, put and call options and similar provisions, which could give other participants in these investments the ability to purchase our interests, compel us to purchase their interests or enact other penalties. If one of our strategic partners becomes subject to investigation, sanctions or liability, VEON might be adversely affected. Furthermore, strategic partnerships in emerging markets are accompanied by risks inherent to those markets, such as an increased possibility of a partner defaulting on obligations, or losing a partner with important insights in that region.

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A disposition by one or both of our largest shareholders of their respective stakes in VEON Ltd. or a change in control of VEON Ltd. could harm our business.

We derive benefits and resources from the participation of L1T VIP Holdings S.à r.l. (“LetterOne”) and Telenor East Holding II AS (“Telenor East”), in our company such as industry expertise, management oversight and business acumen. In September 2016, Telenor East partially divested its stake in VEON Ltd. pursuant to an underwritten offering and simultaneously issued a bond, which is exchangeable under certain conditions for VEON Ltd.’s ADSs. Further, it announced its intention to divest the remainder of its stake in VEON Ltd. The completion of the divestiture of Telenor East’s remaining stake is subject to uncertainties with respect to timing and demand for an offering. If LetterOne or Telenor East were to dispose of their stake in VEON Ltd., we would be deprived of those benefits, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—Telenor Share Sale and Exchangeable Bond Issuance.”

Some of our financing agreements (representing approximately US$1.4 billion in outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2016) have “change of control” provisions that may require us to make a prepayment if a person or group of persons (with limited exclusions) acquire beneficial or legal ownership of or control over more than 50.0% of our share capital. If such a change of control provision is triggered and we fail to agree with lenders on the necessary amendments to the loan documentation and then fail to make any required prepayment, it could trigger cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions of our other debt agreements, which could lead to our obligations being declared immediately due and payable. This could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Our strategic shareholders may pursue diverse development strategies, and this may hinder our ability to expand and/or compete in such regions.

As of March 15, 2017, VEON Ltd.’s largest shareholders, LetterOne and Telenor East, and their respective affiliates, beneficially owned, in the aggregate, approximately 71.6% of our issued and outstanding shares, with LetterOne beneficially owning approximately 47.9% of our issued and outstanding shares and Telenor East beneficially owning approximately 23.7% of our issued and outstanding shares. As a result, these shareholders, if acting together, have the ability to determine the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval. These two shareholders have sufficient voting rights to jointly elect a majority of our supervisory board, and could, alternatively, enter into a shareholders’ or similar agreement impacting the composition of our supervisory board. A new supervisory board could take corporate actions or block corporate decisions by VEON Ltd. with respect to capital structure, financings, dispositions, acquisitions and commercial transactions that might not be in the best interest of the minority shareholders or other security holders. For more information on our largest shareholders, see “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—A. Major Shareholders.”

At various times from 2005-2012, our strategic shareholders have had different strategies from us and from one another and have engaged in litigation against one another and our company with respect to disagreements over strategy. In addition, in Pakistan and Bangladesh, our subsidiaries directly compete with subsidiaries of Telenor ASA (“Telenor”). See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—Pakistan Merger.” We understand that LetterOne has an indirect minority interest in companies that compete with our subsidiaries in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Georgia. It is possible that we will compete with Telenor and/or LetterOne in other markets in the future.

We cannot assure you that our relationship with LetterOne and Telenor or LetterOne’s and Telenor’s relationship with one another will not deteriorate as a result of differing or competing business strategies, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

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Litigation and disputes among our two largest shareholders and us could materially affect our business.

In the past, our two largest shareholders, LetterOne and Telenor East, have been involved in disputes and litigation regarding our group companies, against one another and VEON Ltd. Further disputes among our two largest shareholders and us could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. For more information on our two largest shareholders, see “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—A. Major Shareholders” below.

We may not be able to detect and prevent fraud, other misconduct or unethical actions by our employees, joint venture partners, representatives, agents, suppliers, customers or other third parties.

We may be exposed to fraud or other misconduct committed by our employees, joint venture partners, representatives, agents, suppliers, customers or other third parties that could subject us to litigation, financial losses and sanctions imposed by governmental authorities, as well as affect our reputation. Such misconduct could include misappropriating funds, conducting transactions that are outside of authorized limits, engaging in misrepresentation or fraudulent, deceptive or otherwise improper activities, including in return for any type of benefits or gains or otherwise not complying with applicable laws or our internal policies and procedures. The risk of liability for fraud and other misconduct could increase as we expand certain areas of our business, such as MFS, which requires us to hold customer funds in e-accounts. For a description of the key trends with respect to our business, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends.”

We regularly review and update our policies and procedures and internal controls which are primarily designed to provide reasonable assurance that we, our employees, representatives, agents, suppliers and other third parties comply with applicable law and our internal policies. Further, we conduct, as appropriate, assessments of, and due diligence on, our employees, representatives, agents, suppliers, customers and other third parties. However, there can be no assurance that such policies, procedures, internal controls and diligence will work effectively at all times or protect us against liability for actions of our employees, representatives, agents, suppliers, customers or other third parties.

Further, our brand may be adversely impacted from any association, action or inaction which is perceived by stakeholders or customers to be inappropriate or unethical and not in keeping with the group’s stated purpose and values. This reputation risk may arise in many different ways, including:

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Our MFS and digital financial services (“DFS”) offerings are complex and increase our exposure to fraud, money laundering and reputational risk.

The provision of MFS and DFS, included as part of our new VEON personal internet platform, is complex and involves regulatory and compliance requirements. It may involve cash handling, exposing us to risk of fraud and money laundering and potential reputational damage if these were to occur. Any violation of anti-money laundering laws or regulations on our MFS or DFS networks could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

In addition, MFS and DFS each requires us to process sensitive personal consumer data (including, in certain instances, consumer names, addresses, credit and debit card numbers and bank account details) as part of our business, and therefore we must comply with strict data protection and privacy laws. For risks associated with possible unauthorized disclosure of such personal data, please see “—Our brand, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be harmed in the event of cyber-attacks or severe systems and network failures, or the perception of such attacks or failures, leading to the loss of integrity and availability of our telecommunications, digital and financial services and/or leaks of confidential information, including customer information.”

Our MFS and DFS business requires us to maintain a certain level of systems availability, and failure to maintain agreed levels of service availability or to reliably process our customers’ transactions due to performance issues, system interruptions or other failures could result in a loss of revenues, payment of contractual or consequential damages, reputational harm, additional operating expenses in order to remediate any failures, and exposure to other losses and liabilities.

We may be adversely impacted by work stoppages and other labor matters.

Although we consider our relations with our employees to be generally good, there can be no assurance that our operations will not be impacted by unionization efforts, strikes or other types of labor disputes or disruptions. For instance, the implementation of internal operational and team adjustments necessary to implement our performance transformation program could result in employee dissatisfaction. For example, in February 2016, Banglalink Digital Communications Limited (“BDCL”) experienced labor disruptions in connection with the implementation of our announced performance transformation program. We may also experience strikes or other labor disputes or disruptions in connection with social unrest or political events. For a discussion of our employees represented by unions or collective bargaining agreements, please see “Item 6—D. Employees.” Furthermore, work stoppages or slow-downs experienced by our customers or suppliers could result in lower demand for our services and products. In the event that we, or one or more of our customers or suppliers, experience a labor dispute or disruption, it could result in increased costs, negative media attention and political controversy, and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Our majority stake in an Egyptian public company may expose us to legal and political risk and reputational harm.

Our subsidiary in Egypt, Global Telecom Holding (“GTH”), is a public company listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange and is therefore subject to corresponding laws and regulations, including laws and regulations for the protection of minority shareholder rights. In February 2017, GTH completed a share buy-back for 10% of the total issued share capital of GTH, and on March 20, 2017, cancelled its global depositary receipt listing on the Main Market for Listed Securities of the London Stock Exchange. Upon ratification by the Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority of the board minutes for the cancellation of the GDR program, our shareholding in GTH will increase to 57.7% from 51.9%. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—GTH Share Buy-Back and Cancellation of GDR Program.” GTH is the holding company for a number of our assets in Africa and Asia, including Algeria, Bangladesh and Pakistan. GTH is exposed to the risk of unpredictable and adverse government action and severe delays in obtaining necessary

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government approvals stemming from unrest in Egypt during recent years. Furthermore, GTH is, and may in the future be, subject to significant tax claims under existing or new Egyptian tax law and this could expose GTH to increased tax liability. For more information on tax claims of the Egyptian authorities please see “—Legal and Regulatory Risks—We could be subject to tax claims that could harm our business” and Note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Adoption of new accounting standards could affect reported results and financial position.

Accounting standardization bodies and other authorities may change accounting regulations that govern the preparation and presentation of our financial statements. Those changes could have a significant impact on the way we account for certain operations and present our financial position and operating income. In some instances, a modified standard or a new requirement with retroactive nature may have to be implemented, which requires us to restate previous financial statements.

For details of the implementation of new standards and interpretations issued, see Notes 3 and 4 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. In particular, VEON Ltd. is required to adopt the new accounting standards IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers , each effective from January 1, 2018, and IFRS 16 Leases , effective for the financial years from January 1, 2019. These changes could have a material impact on our financial statements. Such impact is under analysis as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Risks Related to the Industry

The telecommunications industry is highly capital intensive and requires substantial and ongoing expenditures of capital.

The telecommunications industry is highly capital intensive, as our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to keep pace with new developments in technology, to develop and market innovative products and to update our facilities and process technology, which may require additional capital expenditures in the future. The amount and timing of our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including acceptance of and demand for our products and services, the extent to which we invest in new technology and research and development projects, and the status and timing of competitive developments. If we do not have sufficient resources from our operations to finance necessary capital expenditures, we may be required to raise additional debt or equity financing, which may not be available when needed or on terms favorable to us or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to develop or enhance our products, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. For more information on our future liquidity needs, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Future Liquidity and Capital Requirements.”

Our revenue is often unpredictable, and our revenue sources are short-term in nature.

Future revenue from our prepaid mobile customers, our primary source of revenue, and our contract mobile customers is unpredictable. For instance, in the year ended December 31, 2016, over 87% of our customers in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, which excludes the Italy Joint Venture, were prepaid customers. We do not require our prepaid mobile customers to enter into long-term service contracts and cannot be certain that they will continue to use our services in the future. We require our contract mobile customers to enter into service contracts; however, many of these service contracts can be canceled by the customer with limited advance notice and without significant penalty, pursuant to the contract terms and/or applicable legislation. The loss of a larger number of customers than anticipated could result in a loss of a significant amount of expected revenue. Because we incur costs based on our expectations of future revenue, failure to accurately predict revenue could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

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We operate in competitive markets, and we may face greater competition as a result of market and regulatory developments.

The markets in which we operate are competitive in nature, and we expect that competition will continue to increase. For example, the French operator Iliad is expected to launch in the Italian market in 2017 as a new mobile operator and as a beneficiary of the remedy package we agreed with the European Commission for the completion of the Italy Joint Venture. Each of the items discussed immediately below regarding increased competition could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects:

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For more information on the competition in our markets, see “Item 4—Information on the Company.”

We may be unable to develop additional sources of revenue in markets where the potential for additional growth of our customer base is limited.

The mobile markets in Russia, Algeria, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan and Italy have each reached mobile penetration rates exceeding 100.0%, according to Analysys Mason. Increasing competition, market saturation and technological development lead to the increased importance of data services in the Russian market and, to a lesser extent, the markets of other Commonwealth of Independent States (“CIS”) countries. As a result, we will focus less on customer market share growth and more on revenue market share growth in each of these markets. The key components of our growth strategy in these markets will be to increase our share of the high-value customer market, increase usage of data and improve customer loyalty. If we fail to develop these additional sources of revenue, it could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Our failure to keep pace with technological changes and evolving industry standards could harm our competitive position and, in turn, materially harm our business.

The telecommunications industry is characterized by rapidly evolving technology, industry standards and service demands, which may vary by country or geographic region. Accordingly, our future success will depend on our ability to adapt to the changing technological landscape and the regulation of standards utilizing these technologies. It is possible that the technologies or equipment we utilize today will become obsolete or subject to competition from new technologies in the future for which we may be unable to obtain the appropriate license in a timely manner or at all. We may not be able to meet all of these challenges in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Further, we operate or are developing 3G networks, 4G/LTE networks and networks beyond 4G/LTE in some markets in which we operate. New network development requires significant financial investments and there can be no assurance that we will be able to develop 3G, 4G/LTE or other networks on commercially reasonable terms, that we will not experience delays in developing our networks or that we will be able to meet all of the license terms and conditions imposed by the countries in which we operate or that we will be granted such licenses at all. In addition, mobile penetration rates for 4G/LTE compatible devices may not currently support the cost of 4G/LTE development in certain markets, and such rates will need to increase to be commercially viable. If we experience substantial problems with our 3G or 4G/LTE services, or if we fail to introduce new services on a timely basis relative to our competitors, it may impair the success of such services, or delay or decrease revenue and profits and therefore may hinder recovery of our significant capital investments in 3G or 4G/LTE services as well as our growth.

Our brand, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be harmed in the event of cyber-attacks or severe systems and network failures, or the perception of such attacks or failures, leading to the loss of integrity and availability of our telecommunications, digital and financial services and/or leaks of confidential information, including customer information.

Our operations and business continuity depend on how well we protect and maintain our network equipment, information technology (“IT”) systems and other assets. Due to the nature of the services we offer

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across our geographical footprint, we are exposed to cybersecurity threats that could negatively impact our business activities through service degradation, alteration or disruption. Cybersecurity threats could also lead to the compromise of our physical assets dedicated to processing or storing customer information, financial data and strategic business information, exposing this information to possible leakage, unauthorized dissemination and loss of confidentiality. These events could result in reputational harm, lawsuits against us by customers or other third parties, violations of data protection laws, adverse actions by telecommunications regulators and other authorities, loss of revenue from business interruption, loss of market share and significant additional costs. In addition, the potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the cyber insurance coverage we maintain.

Although we devote significant resources to the development and improvement of our IT and security systems, including the appointment of a Director of Cyber Security in 2015, we could still experience cyber-attacks and IT and network failures and outages, due to factors including:

From time to time we have experienced cyber-attacks of varying degrees to gain access to our computer systems and networks. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, we have suffered minor direct and indirect cybersecurity incidents, that have been promptly contained by the response teams, generating limited or negligible impacts. However, such attacks may be successful in the future and may develop over long periods of time during which they can remain undetected.

If our services are affected by such attacks and this degrades our services, our products and services may be perceived as being vulnerable to cyber risk and the integrity of our data protection systems may be questioned. As a result, users and customers may curtail or stop using our products and services, and we may incur legal and financial exposure.

Furthermore, we are subject to data protection laws and regulations of state authorities regarding information security in jurisdictions in which we operate. For example, data protection laws and regulations in Russia establish two categories of information with corresponding levels of protection – state secret and other data (personal data of customers, correspondence privacy and information on rendered telecommunication services), and operators must implement the required level of data protection. See “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications—Regulation of Telecommunications in Russia—Data Protection.” In general, mobile operators are directly liable for actions of third parties to whom they forward personal data for processing. If severe customer data security breaches are detected, regulatory authorities could sanction our company, including suspending our operations for some time and levying fines and penalties. Violation of data protection laws is a criminal offense in some countries, and individuals can be imprisoned or fined. Our failure to comply with data protection laws and regulations, and our inability to operate our fixed-line or wireless networks, as a result of cybersecurity threats may result in significant expense or loss of market shares. These events,

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individually or in the aggregate, could harm our brand, business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

We may have to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches.

Regulatory authorities around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection, including measures to ensure that our encryption of users’ data does not hinder law enforcement agencies’ access to that data. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws in the United States, the European Union and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, this could result in an order requiring that we change our data practices, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

Our ability to profitably provide telecommunications services depends in part on the commercial terms of our interconnection agreements.

Our ability to secure and maintain interconnection agreements with other wireless and local, domestic and international fixed-line operators on cost-effective terms is critical to the economic viability of our operations. Interconnection is required to complete calls that originate on our respective networks but terminate outside our respective networks, or that originate from outside our respective networks and terminate on our respective networks. A significant increase in our interconnection costs, or decrease in our interconnection rates, as a result of new regulations, commercial decisions by other fixed-line operators, increased inflation rates in the countries in which we operate or a lack of available line capacity for interconnection could harm our ability to provide services, which could in turn harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Interconnection Agreements.”

Our existing equipment and systems may be subject to disruption and failure for various reasons, including the threat of terrorism, which could cause us to lose customers, limit our growth or violate our licenses.

Our business depends on providing customers with reliability, capacity and security. Our technological infrastructure is vulnerable to damage or disruptions from other events, including natural disasters, military conflicts, power outages, terrorist acts, government shutdown orders, changes in government regulation, equipment or system failures, human error or intentional wrongdoings, such as breaches of our network or information technology security. We operate in countries which may have an increased threat of terrorism and a possible attack on, or near our premises, equipment or points of sale could result in causalities, property damage, business interruption, legal liability and/or damage to our brand or reputation.

In addition, our business may be disrupted by computer viruses or other technical or operational issues. We cannot be sure that our network system will not be the target of a virus or subject to other technical or operational issues, or, if it is, that we will be able to maintain the integrity of our customers’ data or that a virus or other technical or operational issues will not disrupt our network, causing significant harm to our operations. Also, in recent years, during installations of new software, we have experienced network service interruptions.

In some regions, our equipment for provision of mobile services resides in a limited number of locations or buildings. Disruption to the security or operation of these locations or buildings could result in disruption of our mobile services in those regions.

Interruptions of services could harm our business reputation and reduce the confidence of our customers and consequently impair our ability to obtain and retain customers and could lead to a violation of the terms of our licenses, each of which could materially harm our business. In addition, the potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the business interruption insurance we maintain.

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We depend on third parties for certain services and products important to our business.

We rely on third parties for services and products important for our operations. We currently purchase the majority of our network-related equipment from a core number of suppliers, principally Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia Solutions and Networks, Cisco Systems and ZTE Corporation (“ZTE”) although some of the equipment that we use is available from other suppliers. The successful build-out and operation of our networks depends heavily on obtaining adequate supplies of switching equipment, radio access network solutions, base stations and other equipment on a timely basis. From time to time, we have experienced delays in receiving equipment. For example, in March 2016, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security imposed restrictions on exports and re-exports of U.S. products, software and technology to ZTE and three of its affiliates. These restrictions were lifted in March 2017, however, there can be no assurance that third parties suppliers will not be subject to similar programs in the future. Our business could be materially harmed if export and re-export restrictions impact our suppliers’ ability to procure products, technology, or software from the United States that is necessary for the production and timely and satisfactory delivery of the supplies and equipment that we source from these suppliers.

Also, we may outsource all or a portion of our networks in certain markets in which we operate such as Russia and Kazakhstan. The Italy Joint Venture also outsources a portion of its networks. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Property, Plant and Equipment—Mobile Telecommunications Equipment and Operations—Site Procurement and Maintenance” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—Disposal of Non-Core Assets and Network and Tower Sharing Agreements.” Furthermore, in June 2016, we entered into a US$1 billion long-term global software agreement with Ericsson to develop, implement and service over a seven year period, new software and cloud technologies across our customer-facing IT infrastructure. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Property, Plant and Equipment—Information Technology.” Our business could be materially harmed if our agreements with these or other third parties were to terminate or if negative developments (financial, legal, regulatory or otherwise) regarding such parties, or a dispute between us and such parties, causes the parties to no longer be able to deliver the required services on a timely basis or at all or otherwise fulfill their obligations under our agreements with them.

In addition, we rely on roaming partners to provide services to our customers while they are outside the countries in which we operate and on interconnect providers to complete calls that originate on our networks but terminate outside our networks, or that originate outside our networks and terminate on our networks. We also rely on handset providers to provide the equipment used on our networks. In addition, many of our mobile products and services are sold to customers through third party channels. The third party retailers, agents and dealers that we use to distribute and sell products are not under our control and may stop distributing or selling our products at any time or may more actively promote the products and services of our competitors. Should this occur with particularly important retailers, agents or dealers, we may face difficulty in finding new retailers, sales agents or dealers that can generate the same level of revenue. Any negative developments regarding the third parties on which we depend could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Allegations of health risks related to the use of mobile telecommunication devices and base stations could harm our business.

There have been allegations that the use of certain mobile telecommunication devices and equipment may cause serious health risks. The actual or perceived health risks of mobile devices or equipment could diminish customer growth, reduce network usage per customer, spark product liability lawsuits or limit available financing. In addition, the actual or perceived health risks may result in increased regulation of network equipment and restrictions on the construction of towers or other infrastructure. Each of these possibilities has the potential to seriously harm our business.

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Our intellectual property rights are costly and difficult to protect, and we cannot guarantee that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be adequate.

We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets and similar intellectual property, including our rights to certain domain names, as important to our continued success. For example, our widely recognized logos, such as “Beeline” (Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Tajikistan, Georgia, Laos and Kyrgyzstan), “Kyivstar” (Ukraine), “Mobilink” (now “Jazz” in Pakistan), “Djezzy” (Algeria), “banglalink” (Bangladesh), our historical business in Italy’s logo, (“WIND”) have played an important role in building brand awareness for our services and products. We rely upon trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, customers, partners and others to protect our proprietary rights. However, intellectual property rights are especially difficult to protect in many of the markets in which we operate. In these markets, the regulatory agencies charged to protect intellectual property rights are inadequately funded, legislation is underdeveloped, piracy is commonplace and enforcement of court decisions is difficult. See “—Legal and Regulatory Risks—New intellectual property laws or regulations may require us to invest substantial resources in compliance or may be unclear.”

We are in the process of registering the VEON name as a trademark in the jurisdictions in which we operate. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, we have achieved registration of the VEON name in several jurisdictions and have applied for registration in several jurisdictions for which our application is still outstanding. The timeline and process required to obtain trademark registration can vary widely between jurisdictions. We have received third party objections to some of our applications and we are currently working to resolve these, but there can be no assurance that we will resolve them in a timely or satisfactory manner, or at all, which could affect our ability to roll out our VEON personal internet platform as anticipated.

As we continue our digital transformation, we will need to ensure that we have adequate legal rights to the ownership or use of necessary source code and other intellectual property rights associated with our systems, products and services. For example, our VEON personal internet platform is being developed using source code created in conjunction with third parties. We rely on a combination of contractual provisions and intellectual property law to protect our proprietary technology and software, access to and use of source code and other necessary intellectually property. There can be no assurance that our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights will be successful. Our failure to protect our ownership and use rights to our source code and other intellectual property, including as the result of disputes with our contractual counterparties, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement. As the number of convergent product offerings and overlapping product functions increase, the possibility of intellectual property infringement claims against us may increase. Any such litigation may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and adverse litigation outcomes could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We depend on our senior management and highly skilled personnel, and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel, hire qualified personnel, or implement our strategic goals or corporate culture through our personnel, we may not be able to maintain our competitive position or to implement our business strategy.

Our performance and ability to maintain our competitive position and to implement our business strategy is dependent to a large degree on our senior management team and on the talents and efforts of highly skilled personnel, including the local management teams of our subsidiaries. In the markets in which we operate, competition for qualified personnel with relevant expertise is intense. There is sometimes limited availability of individuals with the requisite knowledge of the telecommunications industry, the relevant experience and, in the case of expatriates, the ability or willingness to accept work assignments in certain of these jurisdictions.

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In addition, our compensation schemes may not always be successful in attracting new qualified employees and retaining and motivating our existing employees. The loss of any key personnel or an inability to attract, train, retain and motivate qualified members of senior management or highly skilled personnel could have an adverse impact on our ability to compete and to implement new business models and could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. In addition, we might not succeed in instilling our corporate culture and values in new or existing employees, which could delay or hamper the implementation our strategic priorities.

Our continued success is also dependent on our personnel’s ability to adapt to rapidly changing environments and to perform in pace with our continuous innovations and industry developments. Although we devote significant attention to recruiting and training, there can be no assurance that our existing personnel will successfully be able to adapt to and support our strategic priorities.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

We operate in a highly regulated industry and are subject to a large variety of laws and extensive regulatory requirements.

As a global telecommunications company that operates in a number of markets, we are subject to different laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we provide services. Mobile, internet, fixed-line, voice and data markets are all generally subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including strict licensing regimes, as well as anti-monopoly and consumer protection regulations. The applicable rules are generally subject to different interpretations and the relevant authorities may challenge the positions that we take. Regulations may be especially strict in the markets of those countries in which we are considered to hold a significant market position (Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), a dominant market position (Russia and Armenia) or are considered a dominant company (Kyrgyzstan). Our operations in Pakistan and Algeria previously held significant market positions. In Pakistan, this designation has been suspended while the courts consider an appeal by PMCL. In Algeria, the regulator withdrew this designation in September 2016. For further information on our market designations, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.” As we expand certain areas of our business and provide new services, such as MFS, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations. Regulatory compliance may be costly and involve a significant expenditure of resources, thus negatively affecting our financial condition and results of operations.

Certain regulations may require us to reduce roaming prices and mobile and/or fixed-line termination rates, require us to offer access to our network to other operators, and result in the imposition of fines if we fail to fulfill our service commitments. For example, a proposed regulation in the European Union may abolish end-user roaming charges in the European Union, and other jurisdictions in which we operate (including Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia) are considering the regulation of roaming prices, which could negatively impact our roaming margins.

Data privacy laws and regulations apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of personal information that identifies or may be used to identify an individual, such as names and contact information. Many countries have additional laws that regulate the processing, retention and use of communications data (both content and meta-data). These laws and regulations are subject to frequent revisions and differing interpretations, and have generally become more stringent over time. Most of the jurisdictions where we operate have laws that restrict data transfers overseas unless criteria are met and/or are developing or implementing laws on data localization requiring data to be stored locally. These laws may restrict our flexibility to leverage our data and build new or consolidate existing technologies and may conflict with other laws we are subject to, exposing us to regulatory risk. For more information, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.” As a data controller headquartered in the Netherlands and offering services to customers worldwide, including within the European Union, we are subject to the European data protection regime. The Italy Joint Venture is also subject to this regime.

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In recent years, U.S. and European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over the retention and interception of telecommunications data. The European Commission proposed a draft of the new ePrivacy Regulation on January 10, 2017, which is targeted to apply from May 25, 2018. It will regulate the processing of electronic communications data carried out in connection with the provision and the use of publicly available electronic communications services to users in the European Union, regardless of whether the processing itself takes place in the European Union. The draft proposal regulates the retention and interception of communications data as well as the use of location and traffic data for value added services, imposes stricter requirements on electronic marketing, and changes to the requirements for use of tracking technologies like cookies. Unlike the current ePrivacy Directive, restrictions on the use of traffic and location data for value added services and the requirements on data retention and interception will likely apply to over-the-top service providers as well as traditional telecommunications service providers, which could broaden our exposure to data protection liability, restrict our ability to leverage our data and increase the costs of running our local companies. The draft also extends the strict opt-in marketing rules with limited exceptions to business to business communications, and significantly increases penalties.

The EU Data Protection Directive, as implemented into national laws by the EU member states, imposes strict obligations and restrictions on the processing of personal data. The new EU-wide General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will become effective on May 25, 2018 (alongside the ePrivacy Regulation), replacing the current EU data protection laws, and will implement more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data. These rules affect services offered by our EU entities and may conflict with the laws and guidance in other markets in which we operate. We are also subject to evolving EU laws on data export, as we may transfer personal data from the European Union to other jurisdictions. This could limit our ability to use and share personal data or could cause us to incur costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with privacy or security laws, policies, legal obligations or industry standards may result in governmental enforcement actions and investigations, blockage of our services in the relevant market, fines and penalties (for example, of up to 20,000,000 Euros or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year (whichever is higher) under the GDPR and draft ePrivacy Regulation), litigation and/or adverse publicity, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. If the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations or suffer a security breach, such violations may also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and/or could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business.

In some countries, we are required to obtain approval for offers and advertising campaigns, which can delay our marketing campaigns and require restructuring of business initiatives. We may also be required to obtain approvals for certain acquisitions, reorganizations or other transactions, and failure to obtain such approvals may impede or harm our business and our ability to expand our operations. Laws and regulations in certain of the jurisdictions in which we operate oblige us to install surveillance equipment to ensure that our networks are capable of allowing the government to monitor data and voice traffic on our networks. For further information, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.”

Adverse regulations or regulatory actions could place significant competitive and pricing pressure on our operations, could result in fines or other penalties and could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. For more information on the regulatory environment in which we operate, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.”

We face uncertainty regarding our frequency allocations and may experience limited spectrum capacity for providing wireless services.

To establish and commercially launch mobile telecommunications networks, we need to receive frequency allocations for bandwidths within the frequency spectrums in the regions in which we operate. There are a

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limited number of frequencies available for mobile operators in each of the regions in which we operate or hold licenses to operate. We are dependent on access to adequate frequency allocation in each such market in order to maintain and expand our customer base. In addition, frequency allocations may be issued for periods that are shorter than the terms of our licenses, and such allocations may not be renewed in a timely manner, or at all. For instance, we have in the past been unable to obtain frequency allocations necessary to test or expand our networks in Russia and currently are one of the largest operators in Bangladesh, but hold a small amount of the frequency spectrum. If our frequencies are revoked or we are unable to renew our frequency allocations or obtain new frequencies to allow us to provide mobile services on a commercially feasible basis, our network capacity and our ability to provide mobile services would be constrained and our ability to expand would be limited, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We may be subject to increases in payments for frequency allocations under the terms of some of our licenses.

Legislation in many countries in which we operate, including Russia, requires that we make payments for frequency spectrum usage. As a whole, the fees for all available frequency assignments, as well as allotted frequency bands for different mobile communications technologies, have been significant. Any significant increase in the fees payable for the frequencies that we use or for additional frequencies that we need could have a negative effect on our financial results. We expect that the fees we pay for radio-frequency spectrum could substantially increase in some or all of the countries in which we operate, and any such increase could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We are subject to anti-corruption laws.

We are subject to a number of anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA in the United States and the anti-corruption provisions of the Dutch Criminal Code in the Netherlands. Our failure to comply with anti-corruption laws applicable to us could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. The FCPA generally prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business and/or other benefits. The FCPA also requires public companies to maintain accurate books and records and devise a system of sufficient internal accounting controls. We regularly review and update our policies and procedures and internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that we, our employees, distributors and other intermediaries comply with the anti-corruption laws to which we are subject. However, there are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any policies, procedures and internal controls, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the policies, procedures and internal controls. There can be no assurance that such policies or procedures or internal controls will work effectively at all times or protect us against liability under these or other laws for actions taken by our employees, distributors and other intermediaries with respect to our business or any businesses that we may acquire.

We operate in countries which pose elevated risks of corruption violations. If we are not in compliance with anti-corruption laws and other laws governing the conduct of business with government entities and/or officials (including local laws), we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties and other remedial measures, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. Investigations of any actual or alleged violations of such laws or policies related to us could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Please see also “Risks Related to Our Business—We have incurred and are continuing to incur costs and related management oversight obligations in connection with our obligations under the DPA, the SEC Judgment and the Dutch Settlement Agreement, which may be significant,” “—We could be subject to criminal prosecution or civil sanction if we breach the DPA with the DOJ, the SEC Judgment or the Dutch Settlement Agreement, and we may face other potentially negative consequences relating to the investigations by, and agreements with,

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the DOJ, SEC and OM, including additional investigations and litigation” and “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.7. Legal Proceedings” and Notes   25 and 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

New or proposed changes to laws or new interpretations of existing laws in the markets in which we operate may harm our business.

We are subject to a variety of national and local laws and regulations in the countries in which we do business. These laws and regulations apply to many aspects of our business. Violations of applicable laws or regulations could damage our reputation or result in regulatory or private actions with substantial penalties or damages. In addition, any significant changes in such laws or regulations or their interpretation, or the introduction of higher standards or more stringent laws or regulations, could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. For example, in Pakistan, new regulations and draft laws have been proposed that could separately (i) require any mobile operator with over a 25% market share, such as our subsidiary in Pakistan, to seek approval from the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (“PTA”) before changing its tariffs; and (ii) introduce obligations on telecommunications operators requiring them to upgrade systems and security as well as maintain backups and retain mobile data for a sufficient period of time as well as allow for real time recording of data for extended periods.

Following various terrorist attacks, the Government of Pakistan introduced Standard Operating Procedures (“SOP”) requiring all mobile operators to re-verify their entire customer base through biometric verification, with the exception of SIM cards issued in the names of companies for use by employees. For our subsidiary in Pakistan, this involved the re-verification of more than 38 million SIM cards, and SIM cards that could not be verified had to be blocked by the operators. As a result of the re-verification, the Mobilink brand (now Jazz) lost customers, retaining 87% of its subscriber base. In Bangladesh, the regulator initiated similar SIM re-verification requirements from December 16, 2015, which resulted in 3.8 million SIM cards being blocked by Banglalink and for which we may incur additional fees or which may require additional time and/or resources from management at VEON Ltd. and/or BDCL. Similar actions were recently introduced in Algeria, and we anticipate that they will be introduced in Ukraine in 2017. See “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.” Such requirements could result in customer losses and claims from legitimate customers that are incorrectly blocked, as well as fines, license suspensions and other liabilities for failure to comply with the requirements. To the extent re-verification and/or new verification requirements are imposed in the jurisdictions in which we operate, it could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. For more information about the effect of re-verification on our results of operations, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations.”

In addition, many jurisdictions in which we operate, including Federal Law No 374-FZ in Russia, have adopted data processing laws, which prohibit the collection and storage of personal data on servers located outside of the respective jurisdictions. Violation of these laws by an operator may lead to a seizure of the operator’s database and equipment and/or a ban on the processing of personal data by such operator, which, in turn, could lead to the inability to provide services to customers. See “—Risks Related to the Industry—Our brand, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be harmed in the event of cyber-attacks or severe systems and network failures, or the perception of such attacks or failures, leading to the loss of integrity and availability of our telecommunications, digital and financial services and/or leaks of confidential information, including customer information.”

In certain jurisdictions in which we operate, the relevant regulators set MTRs. If any such regulator set MTRs that are lower for us than the MTRs of our competitors, our interconnection costs may be higher and our interconnection revenues may be lower, relative to our competitors. In Algeria, for example, the MTRs set by the regulator are significantly lower for Optimum Telecom Algeria S.p.A. (“Optimum”) than for our competitors. For a discussion of developments in the regulation of MTRs, and other important government regulations impacting our business, see “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.”

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In addition, we are subject to certain sanctions and embargo laws and regulations of the United States, the United Nations, the European Union, and certain other jurisdictions in connection with our activities and such laws and regulations may be expanded or amended from time to time in a manner that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. There can be no assurance that, notwithstanding our compliance safeguards, we will not be found in the future to have been in violation of applicable sanctions and embargo laws, particularly as the scope of such laws may be unclear and subject to discretionary interpretations by regulators, which may change over time. Moreover, certain of our financing arrangements include representations and covenants requiring compliance with or limitation of activities under sanctions laws of additional jurisdictions enumerated in the financing arrangements, as well as mandatory prepayment requirements in the event of a breach thereof. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—Substantial amounts of indebtedness and debt service obligations could materially decrease our cash flow, adversely affect our business and financial condition and prevent us from raising additional capital.”

New intellectual property laws or regulations may require us to invest substantial resources in compliance or may be unclear.

Current and new intellectual property laws may affect the ability of companies, including us, to protect their innovations and defend against claims of patent infringement. The costs of compliance with these laws and regulations are high and are likely to increase in the future. Claims have been, or may be threatened and/or filed against us for intellectual property infringement based on the nature and content in our products and services, or content generated by our users.

We may be subject to legal liability associated with providing new online services or content as part of our strategic priorities.

We currently, and as part of our strategic priorities will continue to, host and provide a wide variety of services and products that enable users to conduct business, and engage in various online activities.

The law relating to the liability of providers of these online services and products for the activities of their users is still unsettled in some jurisdictions. Claims may be threatened or brought against us for defamation, negligence, breaches of contract, copyright or trademark infringement, unfair competition, tort, including personal injury, fraud, or other theories based on the nature and content of information that we use and store. In addition, we may be subject to domestic or international actions alleging that certain content we have generated or third-party content that we have made available within our services violates applicable law.

We also offer third-party products, services and content. We may be subject to claims concerning these products, services or content by virtue of our involvement in marketing, branding, broadcasting, or providing access to them, even if we do not ourselves host, operate, provide, or provide access to these products, services or content. Defense of any such actions could be costly and involve significant time and attention of our management and other resources, may result in monetary liabilities or penalties, and may require us to change our business in an adverse manner.

Recent anti-terror legislation passed in Russia could result in additional operating costs and may harm our business.

Federal Law No 374-FZ dated July 6, 2016 (“Federal Law No 374-FZ”) amending anti-terrorism legislation imposed certain obligations on communication providers, including, among others, the obligation to store information confirming the fact of receipt, transmission, delivery and/or processing of voice data, text messages, pictures, sounds, video or other communications (i.e., meta-data reflecting these communications) for a period of three years, as well as to store the contents of communications, including voice data, text messages, pictures, sounds, video or other communications for a period of up to six months (the latter requirement will come into force starting from July 1, 2018). In addition, in accordance with Federal Law No 374-FZ, communication

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providers are obliged to supply to the investigation and prosecution authorities the information about the users and any other information “which is necessary for these authorities to achieve their statutory goals,” and to provide to the investigation and prosecution authorities any information and codes necessary to decode the information. In addition, under local law, operators will be required to block services for users whose personal data does not correspond to the data registered and stored by operator. This may lead to administrative fines and could impact the effectiveness of our licenses.

Most of the provisions of Federal Law No 374-FZ entered into force on July 20, 2016. However, the practical effects of Federal Law No 374-FZ are still unclear, since subordinate legislation is yet to be adopted. The implementation and support of the legislation could result in substantial costs for the design and production of specialized equipment and tools, as no currently commercially available products satisfy the requirements imposed by the new law. These costs are currently expected to be borne by telecommunications companies, and, together with diversion of management’s attention and resources, could materially adversely affect our business and operations. We expect operators to compensate for losses through increased retail tariffs, which may, in turn, have a negative effect on demand for telecommunications services.

Our licenses may be suspended or revoked and we may be fined or penalized for alleged violations of law, regulations or license terms.

We are required to meet certain terms and conditions under our licenses (such as nationwide coverage and network build-out requirements), including meeting certain conditions established by the legislation regulating the communications industry. If we fail to comply with the conditions of our licenses or with the requirements established by the legislation regulating the communications industry, or if we do not obtain or comply with permits for the operation of our equipment, use of frequencies or additional licenses for broadcasting directly or through agreements with broadcasting companies, the applicable regulator could decide to levy fines, suspend, terminate or refuse to renew the license or permit. Such regulatory actions could adversely impact our ability to carry out divestitures in the relevant jurisdictions.

The occurrence of any of these events could materially harm our ability to build out our networks in accordance with our plans and to retain and attract customers, could harm our reputation and could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. For more information on our licenses and their related requirements, please see the sections of this Annual Report on Form 20-F entitled “Item 4—Information on the Company—Licenses.”

Our licenses are granted for specified periods and they may not be extended or replaced upon expiration.

The success of our operations is dependent on the maintenance of our licenses to provide telecommunications services in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Most of our licenses are granted for specified terms, and there can be no assurance that any license will be renewed upon expiration. Some of our licenses will expire in the near term, including a license in Algeria that expired in 2016 and for which we are waiting for an official confirmation of renewal. See also, “Item 4—Information on the Company—Licenses.” These licenses are also subject to ongoing review by the relevant regulatory authorities. If renewed, our licenses may contain additional obligations, including payment obligations (which may involve a substantial renewal or extension fee), or may cover reduced service areas or scope of service. Furthermore, the governments in certain jurisdictions in which we operate may hold auctions (including auctions for the 4G/LTE spectrum or more advanced spectrums) in the future. If we are unable to maintain or obtain licenses for provision of telecommunications services or if our licenses are not renewed or are renewed on less favorable terms, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed. For more information about spectrum allocations and our licenses, including their expiration dates, please see the section of this Annual Report on Form 20-F entitled “Item 4—Information on the Company.”

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It may not be possible for us to procure in a timely manner, or at all, the permissions and registrations required for our base stations.

The laws of the countries in which we operate generally prohibit the operation of telecommunications equipment without a relevant permit from the appropriate regulatory body. Due to complex regulatory procedures, it is frequently not possible for us to procure in a timely manner, or at all, the permissions and registrations required for our base stations, including construction permits and registration of our title to land plots underlying our base stations, or other aspects of our network before we put the base stations into operation, or to amend or maintain the permissions in a timely manner when it is necessary to change the location or technical specifications of our base stations. At times, there can be a number of base stations or other communications facilities and other aspects of our networks for which we are awaiting final permission to operate for indeterminate periods. This problem may be exacerbated if there are delays in issuing necessary permits.

We also regularly receive notices from regulatory authorities in countries in which we operate warning us that we are not in compliance with aspects of our licenses and permits and requiring us to cure the violations within a certain time period. We have closed base stations on several occasions in order to comply with regulations and notices from regulatory authorities. Any failure by our company to cure such violations could result in the applicable license being suspended and subsequently revoked through court action. Although we generally take all necessary steps to comply with any license violations within the stated time periods, including by switching off base stations that do not have all necessary permits until such permits are obtained, we cannot assure you that our licenses or permits will not be suspended and not subsequently be revoked in the future. If we are found to operate telecommunications equipment without an applicable license or permit, we could experience a significant disruption in our service or network operation, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We are, and may in the future be, involved in disputes and litigation with regulators, competitors and third parties.

We are party to lawsuits and other legal, regulatory antitrust proceedings and commercial disputes, the final outcome of which is uncertain and there can be no assurance that we will not be a party to additional proceedings in the future. Litigation and regulatory proceedings are inherently unpredictable. For more information on these disputes, see “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.7. Legal Proceedings” and Notes 25 and 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. An adverse outcome in, or any disposition of, these or other proceedings (including any that may be asserted in the future) could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

We could be subject to tax claims that could harm our business.

Tax audits in the countries in which we operate are conducted regularly. We have been subject to substantial claims by tax authorities in Russia, Algeria, Egypt, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Italy. These claims have resulted, and future claims may result, in additional payments, including interest, fines and other penalties, to the tax authorities.

Although we are permitted to challenge, in court, the decisions of tax inspectorates, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in our litigation with tax authorities. In addition, there can be no assurance that the tax authorities will not claim on the basis of the same asserted tax principles they have claimed against us for prior tax years, or on the basis of different tax principles, that additional taxes are owed by us for prior or future tax years, or that the relevant governmental authorities will not decide to initiate a criminal investigation and/or prosecution in connection with claims by tax inspectorates for prior tax years.

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The adverse resolution of these or other tax matters that may arise could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information regarding tax claims, and their effects on our financial statements, see “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.7. Legal Proceedings” and Notes 25 and 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Unpredictable tax systems give rise to significant uncertainties and risks that could complicate our tax planning and business decisions.

The tax systems in the markets in which we operate may be unpredictable and give rise to significant uncertainties, which could complicate our tax planning and business decisions, especially in emerging markets in which we operate, where there is significant uncertainty relating to the interpretation and enforcement of tax laws. Any additional tax liability imposed on us by tax authorities in this manner, as well as any unforeseen changes in applicable tax laws or changes in the tax authorities’ interpretations of the respective double tax treaties in effect, could harm our future results of operations, cash flows or the amounts of dividends available for distribution to shareholders in a particular period. We may be required to accrue substantial amounts for contingent tax liabilities and the amounts accrued for tax contingencies may not be sufficient to meet any liability we may ultimately face. From time to time, we may also identify tax contingencies for which we have not recorded an accrual. Such unaccrued tax contingencies could materialize and require us to pay additional amounts of tax.

On January 1, 2016, a new tax law became effective in Uzbekistan, pursuant to which mobile telecommunications companies are subject to income tax rates based on profitability levels (7.5% tax for profitability levels up to 20%, and 50% tax for profitability levels exceeding 20%) and the tax per subscriber was increased by 100%, resulting in an increase in the statutory tax rate from 7.5% for the year ended December 31, 2015 to 50.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016 and an effective tax rate of 53.3% for the year ended December 31, 2016, which negatively impacted our results in Uzbekistan. In Bangladesh, supplementary duty has been increased due to additional subnational tax from 3% to 5% with effect from June 2016 and a 1% surcharge was implemented on mobile services from March 9, 2016. The minimum tax rate has also been increased in Bangladesh from 0.5% to 0.75% with effect from January 2015. In Algeria, a new finance law in 2017 increased VAT from 7% to 19% on data services and from 17% to 19% on voice services, and also increased taxes on recharges from 5% to 7%. Such changes could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in these countries and on our group.

Moreover, as a result of the 2016 U.S. election and ongoing activity in the U.S. Congress relating to tax reform proposals, there is in particular a heightened possibility of significant changes to U.S. federal tax laws, which could affect our limited operations in the United States.

The introduction of new tax laws or the amendment of existing tax laws, such as laws relating to transfer pricing rules or the deduction of interest expenses in the markets in which we operate, may also increase the risk of adjustments being made by the tax authorities and, as a result, could have a material impact on our business, financial performance and results of operations.

Repeated tax audits and extension of liability beyond the limitation period may result in additional tax assessments.

Tax declarations together with related documentation are subject to review and investigation by a number of authorities, which are empowered to impose fines and penalties on taxpayers.

In Russia, for example, tax returns remain open and subject to inspection by tax and/or customs authorities for three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which the decision to conduct an audit is taken. Laws enacted in Russia in recent years increase the likelihood that our tax returns that were reviewed by tax authorities

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could be subject to further review or audit during or beyond the eligible three-year limitation period by a superior tax authority.

Tax audits may result in additional costs to our group if the relevant tax authorities conclude that entities of the group did not satisfy their tax obligations in any given year. Such audits may also impose additional burdens on our group by diverting the attention of management resources. The outcome of these audits could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. Under such review the relevant tax authorities may conclude that we had significantly underpaid taxes relating to earlier periods, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

In addition, in recent years, the Russian tax authorities have aggressively brought tax evasion claims relating to Russian companies’ use of tax-optimization schemes, and press reports have speculated that these enforcement actions have been selective and politically motivated. We have also been the subject of repeat complex and thematic tax audits in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. For further information on tax audits, see “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.7. Legal Proceedings” and Notes 25 and 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Adverse decisions of tax authorities or changes in tax treaties, laws, rules or interpretations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial conditions or cash flows.

The tax laws and regulations in the Netherlands, our current resident state for tax purposes, may be subject to change and there may be changes in enforcement of tax law. Additionally, European and other tax laws and regulations are complex and subject to varying interpretations. We cannot be sure that our interpretations are accurate or that the responsible tax authority agrees with our views. If our tax positions are challenged by the tax authorities, we could incur additional tax liabilities, which could increase our costs of operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) there is an initiative aimed at avoiding base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) for tax purposes. This OECD BEPS project has resulted in further developments in other countries and in particular in the European Union. One of the developments is the agreement on the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (“ATAD”). All EU Member States must implement the minimum standards as set out in the ATAD. The implementation of these measures against tax avoidance in the legislation of the jurisdictions in which we do business could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, the implementation of the general interest limitation rule (Article 4 ATAD) could result in an increase of our tax liabilities as certain interest costs could no longer be deductible. Another development is the recently published proposal for a Council Directive on a Common Corporate Tax Base (“CCTB”) and the re-launch of the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base, first tabled in 2011. If enacted, these directives could also impact our tax position, either positively or negatively. For instance, under the proposed CCTB, our taxable result realized in each of the EU Member States will be calculated on the same basis in each of these EU Member States, irrespective of whether the national corporate income tax system differs from the CCTB (noting that Member States can opt to continue to have their own corporate income tax rate). Based on the draft wording of the CCTB, the CCTB participation exemption regime would be less favorable in comparison to the Dutch regime because a minimum of a 10% shareholding would be required, as compared to the current 5% under the Dutch regime. On the other hand, the CCTB potentially introduces a notional interest deduction on equity, which the current Dutch rules do not make available. As a result, it is difficult to assess the impact of the enactment of these directives on our business.

The Italy Joint Venture may be subject to a deferral or to a limitation of the deduction of interest expenses in Italy.

For taxpayers like the Italy Joint Venture, Italian tax law permits the deduction of some interest expense up to a specified limit. A further deduction of interest expense is permitted up to an additional threshold. The

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amount of unused interest expense deduction may be carried forward to future years. Based on these rules, the Italy Joint Venture currently is able to carry forward accrued and unused deductions to future fiscal years. Any future changes in current Italian tax laws or in their interpretation may have an adverse impact on the deductibility of interest expenses for the Italy Joint Venture which, in turn, could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

We operate in uncertain judicial and regulatory environments.

In many of the emerging market countries where we operate, the application of the laws of any particular country is frequently unclear and may result in unpredictable judicial or regulatory outcomes.

The uncertain judicial and regulatory environments in which we operate could result in:

If we are found to be involved in practices that do not comply with applicable laws or regulations, we may be exposed to significant fines, the risk of prosecution or the suspension or loss of our licenses, frequency allocations, authorizations or various permissions, any of which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Laws restricting foreign investment could materially harm our business.

We could be materially harmed by existing laws restricting foreign investment or the adoption of new laws or regulations restricting foreign investment, including foreign investment in the telecommunications industry in Russia, Kazakhstan or other markets in which we operate. See “Exhibit 99.2—Regulation of Telecommunications.”

For example, in Russia, the Federal Law “On the Procedure for Foreign Investments in Business Entities of Strategic Importance for National Defense and State Security” (the “Russian Foreign Investment Law”), limits foreign investment in companies that are deemed to be strategic. Our subsidiary PJSC “Vimpel-Communications” (“PJSC VimpelCom”) is deemed to be a strategic enterprise under the Russian Foreign Investment Law. As a result, any acquisition by a foreign investor of direct or indirect control over more than 50.0% of its voting shares, or 25.0% in the case of a company controlled by a foreign government, requires the prior approval of the Government Commission on Control of Foreign Investment in the Russian Federation pursuant to the Russian Foreign Investment Law. Additionally, under Russian law, companies controlled by foreign governments are prohibited absolutely from acquiring control over strategic enterprises, and the Government Commission on Control of Foreign Investment in the Russian Federation, or the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation, the “FAS”, which administers application of the Russian Foreign Investment Law, has challenged acquisitions of our shares in the past. In Kazakhstan, according to the national security law, a foreign company cannot directly or indirectly own more than a 49% stake in a fixed-line

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business operator without the consent of the Kazakhstani government. As a result, our ability to obtain financing from foreign investors may be limited, should prior approval be refused, delayed or require foreign investors to comply with certain conditions, which could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Furthermore the Federal Assembly, as the national legislature of the Russian Federation, is currently considering a draft bill which would introduce restrictions on the ability of foreign investors to control audiovisual service providers operating in Russia. In particular, foreign ownership would be restricted to 20%, subject to certain exemptions, including that the restrictions would not apply to audiovisual service providers that qualify as a strategic enterprise under the Russian Foreign Investment Law. It is not yet certain if this draft bill will be adopted and, if adopted, which specific restrictions on foreign investments could apply to the audiovisual industry and the company itself. If adopted, and depending on the final terms, the bill may affect our Pay-TV and VEON messenger projects by imposing additional costs and/or jeopardizing revenue projections.

Risks Related to Our Markets

The international economic environment could cause our business to decline.

After late 2008, the economies in our markets were adversely affected by the international economic crisis, and economies in markets in which we operate continue to suffer. Among other things, the crisis led to a slowdown in gross domestic product growth, increase of inflation, devaluations of the currencies in Russia and other markets in which we operate and a decrease in commodity prices. In addition, because Russia, Kazakhstan and Algeria produce and export large amounts of oil, their economies are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in the price of oil on the world market. Since June 2014, global oil prices have been falling and are currently at relatively low levels. The timing of a return to sustained economic growth and consistently positive economic trends is difficult to predict. The recessionary effects, debt crisis and euro crisis in Europe and low oil prices continue to pose potentially significant macroeconomic risks to our group.

Low oil prices, together with the impact of economic sanctions—including those promulgated by the United States, which restrict certain financial transactions and dealings, even by non-U.S. persons, involving certain industries and parties in Russia—and the significant devaluation of the ruble, have negatively impacted and continue to have an adverse effect on the Russian economy and economic outlook and may also negatively impact our ability to raise external financing, particularly if the sanctions are broadened. The current difficult economic environment and any future downturns in the economies of markets in which we operate or may operate in the future could diminish demand for our services, increase our costs, constrain our ability to retain existing customers and collect payments from them and prevent us from executing our strategies. Adverse economic conditions could also hurt our liquidity and prevent us from obtaining financing needed to fund our development strategy, to take advantage of future opportunities to respond to competitive pressures, to refinance existing indebtedness or to meet unexpected financial requirements, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Deterioration of macroeconomic conditions in the countries in which we operate and/or a significant difference between the performance of an acquired company and the business case assumed at the time of acquisition could require us to write down the value of the goodwill. In addition, the different possible developments as a result of a financial and economic crisis, in particular related to customer behavior, competition reaction in this environment in terms of offers and pricing or in response to new entrants, regulatory adjustments in relation to reductions in consumer prices and our ability to adjust costs and investments in keeping with possible changes in revenue may adversely affect our forecasts and lead to a write-down in tangible and intangible assets.

A write-down recorded for tangible and intangible assets lowering their book values could impact certain covenants under our debt agreements, which could result in a deterioration of our financial condition, results of

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operations or cash flows. For further information on the impairment of tangible and intangible assets and recoverable amounts (particularly key assumptions and sensitivities), see Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Russia and Ukraine.

The current situation in Russia and Ukraine, and the related responses of the United States, member states of the European Union, the European Union itself and certain other nations, have the potential to materially adversely affect our business in Russia and Ukraine where we have significant operations, which in turn could materially harm our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

In connection with the situation in Russia and Ukraine, the United States, the European Union, and a number of countries have imposed (i) sanctions that block the property of certain designated businesses, organizations and individuals, (ii) sectoral sanctions that prohibit certain types of transactions with specifically designated businesses operating in certain sectors of the Russian economy, currently including the financial services, energy, and defense sectors, and (iii) territorial sanctions restricting investment in and trade with Crimea. The U.S. and EU sanctions target entities owned and/or controlled by designated entities and individuals. Further, under the U.S. sanctions regime, even non-U.S. persons who engage in certain prohibited transactions may be exposed to secondary sanctions, such as the denial of certain privileges, including financing and contracting with U.S. persons or within the United States. In addition, the United States and the European Union have implemented certain export control restrictions related to Russia’s energy sector and military capabilities. Ukraine has also enacted sanctions with respect to certain Russian entities and individuals. Russia has responded with countermeasures to such international and Ukrainian restrictions and sanctions, currently including limiting the import of certain goods from the United States, the European Union, Ukraine and other countries, imposing visa bans on certain persons, and imposing restrictions on the ability of Russian companies to comply with sanctions imposed by other countries. Russia announced sanctions against Turkey in response to an incident involving Russian and Turkish military aircraft in November 2015, including imposing a ban on Russian companies hiring Turkish workers and the imposition of visa requirements, as of January 1, 2016. Such sanctions, export controls and/or other measures, including sanctions on additional persons or businesses (including vendors, joint venture and business partners, affiliates and financial institutions) imposed by the United States, the European Union, Ukraine, Russia, and/or other countries, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Ukraine has assigned a “temporary occupied territories” status to Crimea and an “anti-terrorist operation zone” status to certain Eastern Ukraine regions which are currently not under the Ukrainian government’s control, and has imposed certain restrictions and prohibitions on trade in goods and services in such territories. Our Ukrainian subsidiary, “Kyivstar” JSC, shut down its network in Crimea in 2014 as well as its network in certain parts of Eastern Ukraine in 2015 and, in each case, has written off the relevant assets. Under terms of its telecommunications licenses, “Kyivstar” JSC is obliged to provide services throughout Ukraine. “Kyivstar” JSC has notified the regulatory authorities that “Kyivstar” JSC has stopped providing services in these areas and has requested clarification from such authorities regarding telecommunications operations in such areas. Since September 2014, legislation has been in effect in Ukraine that authorizes the cancellation of telecommunications licenses for sanctioned parties. There can be no assurance that the escalation of the current situation will not lead to the cancellation or suspension of, or other actions under, certain or all of our Ukrainian telecommunications licenses, or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business in Ukraine, which in turn could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

The situation in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine has resulted, and may in the future result, in damage or loss of assets, disruption of services, and regulatory issues which has, and may in the future, adversely impact our group. In addition, if there were an extended continuation or further increase in conflict in Crimea, Eastern Ukraine or in the region, it could result in further instability and/or worsening of the overall political and economic situation in Ukraine, Russia, Europe and/or in the global capital markets generally, which could adversely impact our group.

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Moreover, the instability in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine specifically, and in the region more generally, economic sanctions and related measures, and other geopolitical developments (including with respect to the current conflict and international interventions in Syria) could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. In particular, we could be materially adversely impacted by a continued decline of the Russian ruble against the U.S. dollar or the euro and the general economic performance of Russia.

Investors in emerging markets, where most of our operations are located, are subject to greater risks than investors in more developed markets, including significant political, legal and economic risks and risks related to fluctuations in the global economy.

Most of our operations are in emerging markets. Investors in emerging markets should be aware that these markets are subject to greater risks than more developed markets, including in some cases significant political, legal and economic risks. Emerging market governments and judiciaries often exercise broad, unchecked discretion and are susceptible to abuse and corruption and rapid reversal of political and economic policies on which we depend. Political and economic relations among the countries in which we operate are often complex and have resulted, and may in the future result, in conflicts, which could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. The economies of emerging markets are vulnerable to market downturns and economic slowdowns elsewhere in the world. As has happened in the past, financial problems or an increase in the perceived risks associated with investing in emerging economies could dampen foreign investment in these markets and materially adversely affect their economies. Turnover of political leaders or parties in emerging markets as a result of a scheduled election upon the end of a term of service or in other circumstances may also affect the legal and regulatory regime in those markets to a great extent than turnover in established countries. These developments could severely limit our access to capital and could materially harm the purchasing power of our customers and, consequently, our business.

Further, the nature of much of the legislation in emerging markets, the lack of consensus about the scope, content and pace of economic and political reform and the rapid evolution of the legal systems in emerging markets, place the enforceability and, possibly, the constitutionality of, laws and regulations in doubt and result in ambiguities, inconsistencies and anomalies. The legislation often contemplates implementing regulations that have not yet been promulgated, leaving substantial gaps in the regulatory infrastructure. Any of these factors could affect our ability to enforce our rights under our licenses or our contracts, or to defend our company against claims by other parties.

Many of the emerging markets in which we operate are susceptible to significant social unrest or military conflicts. In some of the countries in which we operate, the local authorities may order our subsidiaries to temporarily shut down their entire network or part or all of our networks may be shut down due to actions relating to military conflicts or nationwide strikes. For example, in 2016, our subsidiary in Pakistan was ordered to shut down parts of its mobile network and services on a regular basis due to the security situation in the country. Governments or other factions, including those asserting authority over specific territories in areas of conflict, could make inappropriate use of the network, attempt to compel us to operate our network in conflict zones or disputed territories and/or force us to broadcast propaganda or illegal instructions to our customers or others (or face consequences for failure to do so). Forced shutdowns, inappropriate use of our network and/or compelling us to operate our network and/or broadcast propaganda or illegal instructions could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

Investors should fully appreciate the significance of the risks involved in investing in an emerging markets company and are urged to consult with their own legal, financial and tax advisors.

Social instability in the countries in which we operate could lead to increased support for centralized authority and a rise in nationalism, which could harm our business.

Social instability in the countries in which we operate, coupled with difficult economic conditions, could lead to increased support for centralized authority and a rise in nationalism. These sentiments could lead to

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restrictions on foreign ownership of companies in the telecommunications industry or nationalization, expropriation or other seizure of certain assets or businesses. In most of the countries in which we operate, there is relatively little experience in enforcing legislation enacted to protect private property against nationalization or expropriation. As a result, we may not be able to obtain proper redress in the courts, and we may not receive adequate compensation if in the future the governments decide to nationalize or expropriate some or all of our assets. If this occurs, our business could be harmed.

In addition, ethnic, religious, historical and other divisions have, on occasion, given rise to tensions and, in certain cases, military conflict. The spread of violence, or its intensification, could have significant political consequences, including the imposition of a state of emergency, which could materially adversely affect the investment environment in the countries in which we operate.

The physical infrastructure in many countries in which we operate is in poor condition and further deterioration in the physical infrastructure could harm our business.

In many countries in which we operate, the physical infrastructure, including transportation networks, power generation and transmission and communications systems, is in poor condition. In some of the countries in which we operate, including Ukraine, the physical infrastructure has been damaged by military conflict. In some of the countries in which we operate, including Russia, the public switched telephone networks have reached capacity limits and need modernization, which may inconvenience our customers and will require us to make additional capital expenditures. In addition, continued growth in local, long distance and international traffic, including that generated by our customers, and development in the types of services provided may require substantial investment in public switched telephone networks. Any efforts to modernize infrastructure may result in increased charges and tariffs, potentially adding costs to our business. The deterioration of the physical infrastructure harms the economies of these countries, disrupts the transportation of goods and supplies, adds costs to doing business and can interrupt business operations. Further deterioration in the physical infrastructure in many of the countries in which we operate could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

The banking systems in many countries in which we operate remain underdeveloped, there are a limited number of creditworthy banks in these countries with which we can conduct business and currency control requirements restrict activities in certain markets in which we have operations.

The banking and other financial systems in many countries in which we operate are not well developed or regulated, and laws relating to banks and bank accounts are subject to varying interpretations and inconsistent applications. Such banking risk cannot be completely eliminated by diversified borrowing and conducting credit analyses. Uncertain banking laws may also limit our ability to attract future investment. A banking crisis in any of these countries or the bankruptcy or insolvency of the banks from which we receive, or with which we hold, our funds could result in the loss of our deposits or negatively affect our ability to complete banking transactions in these countries, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, central banks and governments in the markets in which we operate may restrict or prevent international transfers or impose foreign exchange controls or other currency restrictions, which could prevent us from making payments, including the repatriation of dividends and payments to third party suppliers, particularly in Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Bangladesh and Pakistan. For more information on currency restrictions, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Certain Ongoing Factors Affecting Our Financial Position and Results of Operations—Foreign Currency Controls and Currency Restrictions.” Furthermore, local banks have limitations on the amounts of loans that they can provide to single borrowers, which could limit the availability of functional currency financing in these countries. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain approvals under the foregoing restrictions or limitations, each of which could harm our business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and prospects.

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Risks Related to the Ownership of our ADSs

Our ADS price may be volatile, and purchasers of ADSs could incur substantial losses.

Our ADS price may be volatile. The stock market in general has experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, holders of our ADSs may not be able to sell their ADSs at or above the price at which they purchase our ADSs. The market price for our ADSs may be influenced by many factors, including:

The sale of shares could adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.

Telenor East’s issuance of exchangeable bonds, and subsequent exchanges of the existing and any future exchangeable bonds for VEON Ltd.’s ADSs, as well as our filing of a registration statement registering resale of VEON Ltd.’s ADSs deliverable upon exchange of the exchangeable bonds and/or any additional divestures by Telenor may negatively affect the market for VEON Ltd.’s ADSs. The sale of any of the VEON Ltd.’s shares on the public markets or the perception that such sales may occur, commonly called “market overhang,” may adversely affect the market for, and the market price of, VEON Ltd.’s ADSs.

Various factors may hinder the declaration and payment of dividends.

The payment of dividends is subject to the discretion of VEON Ltd.’s supervisory board and VEON Ltd.’s assets consist primarily of investments in its operating subsidiaries. For the financial year ended December 31, 2016, we intend to pay a dividend in the aggregate amount of US$23 cents per share, comprised of US$3.5 cents per share paid as an interim dividend in December 2016 and US$19.5 cents per share, with a record date of March 30, 2017 and which is intended to be paid on April 12, 2017. Various factors may cause the supervisory board to determine not to pay dividends or not to increase dividends from current levels. Such factors include VEON Ltd.’s financial condition, its earnings and equity free cash flow, its leverage, its capital requirements, contractual restrictions, legal proceedings and such other factors as VEON Ltd.’s supervisory board may consider relevant. For more information on our policy regarding dividends, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Developments and Trends—New dividend policy,” “Item 8—Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—A.8. Policy on Dividend Distributions,” “—Risks Related to Our Business—As a holding company, VEON Ltd. depends on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends and therefore on the performance of its subsidiaries, and is affected by changes in exchange controls and currency restrictions in the countries in which its subsidiaries operate” and “—Risks Related to Our Business—Our strategic partnerships and relationships carry inherent business risks.”

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Holders of our ADSs may not receive distributions on our common shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to them.

The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay holders of our ADSs the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian for our ADSs receives on our common shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. Holders of our ADSs will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our common shares that their ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible for making such payments or distributions if it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if such distribution consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary is not responsible for making a distribution available to any holders of ADSs if any government approval or registration required for such distribution cannot be obtained after reasonable efforts made by the depositary. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, common shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that holders of our ADSs may not receive the distributions we make on our common shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available. These restrictions may materially reduce the value of the ADSs.

VEON Ltd. is a Bermuda company governed by Bermuda law, which may affect your rights as a shareholder or holder of ADSs.

VEON Ltd. is a Bermuda exempted company. As a result, the rights of VEON Ltd.’s shareholders are governed by Bermuda law and by VEON Ltd.’s bye-laws. The rights of shareholders under Bermuda law may differ from the rights of shareholders of companies incorporated in other jurisdictions. In addition, holders of ADSs do not have the same rights under Bermuda law and VEON Ltd.’s bye-laws as registered holders of VEON Ltd.’s common shares. Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. It may be difficult for investors to enforce in the United States judgments obtained in U.S. courts against VEON or its directors and executive officers based on civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. Uncertainty exists as to whether courts in Bermuda will enforce judgments obtained in other jurisdictions, including the United States, under the securities laws of those jurisdictions, or entertain actions in Bermuda under the securities laws of other jurisdictions.

As a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the Exchange Act and the rules of NASDAQ, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and NASDAQ governance standards than domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our securities, and such holders may not receive corporate and company information and disclosure that they are accustomed to receiving or in a manner in which they are accustomed to receiving it.

As a foreign private issuer, the rules governing the information that we disclose differ from those governing U.S. corporations pursuant to the Exchange Act. Although we currently report periodic financial results and certain material events, we are not required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or provide current reports on Form 8-K disclosing significant events within four business days of their occurrence. In addition, we are exempt from the SEC’s proxy rules, and proxy statements that we distribute will not be subject to review by the SEC. Our exemption from Section 16 rules regarding sales of our shares by insiders means that holders of our securities will have less data in this regard than shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to this part of the Exchange Act. As a result, holders of our securities may not have all the data that you are accustomed to having when making investment decisions with respect to domestic U.S. public companies.

Our ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market; however, as a Bermuda company, we are permitted to follow “home country practice” in lieu of certain corporate governance provisions under the NASDAQ listing rules that are applicable to a U.S. company. The primary difference between our corporate governance practices and the NASDAQ rules relates to NASDAQ listing rule 5605(b)(1), which provides that

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each U.S. company listed on Nasdaq must have a majority of independent directors, as defined in the NASDAQ rules. Bermuda law does not require that we have a majority of independent directors. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from complying with this NASDAQ requirement, and we do not have a majority of independent directors, as defined in the NASDAQ rules. Accordingly, VEON Ltd.’s shareholders will not have the same protections as are afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements. For more information on the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S. companies under the NASDAQ listing rules, see “Item 16G—Corporate Governance.”

Holders of ADSs may be restricted in their ability to exercise voting rights and the information provided with respect to shareholder meetings.

Holders of ADSs generally have the right under the deposit agreement to instruct the depositary to exercise the voting rights for the equity shares represented by such holder’s ADSs. At our request, the depositary will mail to holders any notice of shareholders’ meeting received from us together with information explaining how to instruct the depositary to exercise the voting rights of the common shares represented by ADSs. If the depositary timely receives voting instructions from a holder of ADSs, it will endeavor to vote the securities represented by the holder’s ADSs in accordance with such voting instructions. However, the ability of the depositary to carry out voting instructions may be limited by practical and legal limitations and the terms of the common shares on deposit. We cannot assure you that you will receive voting materials in time to enable you to return voting instructions to the depositary in a timely manner.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

We could cease to be a foreign private issuer if a majority of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. residents and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. Based on a review of our register of members maintained in Bermuda, as of March 15, 2017 100% of our issued common shares were held of record by BNY (Nominees) Limited in the United Kingdom, as agent of The Bank of New York Mellon, for the purposes of our ADS program. As of March 15, 2017, 23 record holders of VEON Ltd.’s ADRs, holding an aggregate of 353,454,732 common shares (20.12%), were listed as having addresses in the United States. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws under such event may be significantly higher than costs we incur as a foreign private issuer, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.