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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 2017.

Registration No. 333-217105

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 1 to

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

7372

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

20-4429448

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

 

Coupa Software Incorporated

1855 S. Grant Street

San Mateo, CA 94402

(650) 931-3200

(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including

area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Robert Bernshteyn

Chief Executive Officer

Coupa Software Incorporated

1855 S. Grant Street

San Mateo, CA 94402

(650) 931-3200

(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including

area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Daniel E. O’Connor, Esq.
Richard C. Blake, Esq.
Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve
Franklin & Hachigian, LLP
1200 Seaport Blvd.
Redwood City, CA 94063
(650) 321-2400
  Jonathan Stueve, Esq.
Vice President and General Counsel
Coupa Software Incorporated
1855 S. Grant Street
San Mateo, CA 94402
(650) 931-3200
  Sarah K. Solum, Esq.
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
1600 El Camino Real
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(650) 752-2000

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.    ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

Large accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒

(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)

      Smaller reporting company☐
Accelerated filer ☐
  

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of Securities

to be Registered

  Amount to be
Registered (1)
  Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per
Share (2)
  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price (1),(2)
 

Amount of

Registration Fee (2),(3)

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value

  4,255,000   $24.125   $102,651,875.00   $11,897.35

 

(1) Includes 555,000 shares of common stock that the underwriters have the option to purchase.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is based on the average of the high and low sales price of the Registrant’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market on April 5, 2017.
(3) The Registrant previously paid $9,272.00 in connection with the initial filing of this Registration Statement.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling stockholders may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Issued April 10, 2017

3,700,000 Shares

 

LOGO

COMMON STOCK

 

 

Coupa Software Incorporated is offering 91,535 shares of its common stock and the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus are offering 3,608,465 shares of common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

 

 

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “COUP.” On April 7, 2017, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $24.86 per share.

 

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws. Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 10.

 

 

PRICE $                   A SHARE

 

 

 

      

Price to
Public

      

Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions (1)

      

Proceeds to
Company

      

Proceeds to
Selling

Stockholders

 

Per share

       $                      $                  $                    $            

Total

       $                      $                      $                          $                  

 

(1) See “Underwriters” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an additional 555,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price less the underwriting discount.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and any state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on             , 2017.

 

 

 

M ORGAN  S TANLEY   J.P. M ORGAN   B ARCLAYS   RBC C APITAL  M ARKETS
C ANTOR  F ITZGERALD  & C O .   JMP S ECURITIES   R AYMOND  J AMES   BTIG

                , 2017


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LOGO

 

coupa

CLOUD PLATFORM FOR BUSINESS SPEND

Delivering measurable business value through adoption by all.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

Prospectus Summary

     1  

Risk Factors

     10  

Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     35  

Market, Industry and Other Data

     36  

Use of Proceeds

     37  

Market Price of Common Stock

     37  

Dividend Policy

     38  

Capitalization

     39  

Dilution

     41  

Principal and Selling Stockholders

     43  
     Page  

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     47  

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock

     49  

Underwriters

     52  

Legal Matters

     62  

Experts

     62  

Information Incorporated by Reference

     62  

Where You Can Find Additional Information

     63  
 

 

 

None of we, the selling stockholders or the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any applicable free writing prospectus is current only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

TRADEMARKS

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this prospectus, the terms “Coupa” and “Open Business Network” and other trademarks or service marks of Coupa Software Incorporated appearing in this prospectus are the property of Coupa Software Incorporated. This prospectus contains additional trade names, trademarks, and service marks of ours and of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

INVESTORS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES

None of we, the selling stockholders or the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus we may provide to you in connection with this offering in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free writing prospectus outside of the United States.


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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information you should consider in making your investment decision. You should read the entire prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus carefully before making an investment in our common stock. You should carefully consider, among other things, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes incorporated by reference and the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus. Except as otherwise indicated herein or as the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “Coupa,” “the company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Coupa Software Incorporated. Unless otherwise indicated, all data is as of or through January 31, 2017.

Overview

We are a leading provider of spend management solutions, with a unified, cloud-based spend management platform that connects more than 530 organizations with more than 2 million suppliers globally. Our platform provides greater visibility into and control over how companies spend money. Using our platform, businesses are able to achieve real, measurable value and savings that drive their profitability. From our inception, our customers have used our platform to bring more than $360 billion of cumulative spend under management, which we estimate has resulted in more than $12 billion of customer savings to date, based on applying certain savings rates derived from industry benchmarks.

Our cloud-based platform has been designed for the modern global workforce that is mobile and expects real-time results, flexibility and agility from software solutions. We empower employees to acquire the goods and services they need to do their jobs by applying a distinctive user-centric approach that provides a mobile-enabled consumer Internet-like experience, drives widespread adoption of our platform and, therefore, significantly increases spend under management. We refer to the process companies use to purchase goods and services as spend management and to the money that they manage with this process as spend under management. Increased user adoption and spend under management drive better visibility and control of a company’s spend, resulting in greater savings and increased compliance.

Economic conditions, intense competition and the global regulatory environment are forcing businesses to find new ways to drive operational efficiencies, track processes, reduce costs, fund business growth and enhance profitability and cash flow. Therefore, managing spend has increasingly become a major strategic business imperative to help businesses achieve cost savings. Indirect spend, which refers to goods and services that support a company’s operations as opposed to direct spend that flows into the products a company manufactures, is particularly difficult to manage due to inefficient employee spending behavior and disparate systems that obstruct spend visibility.

We offer a unified, cloud-based spend management platform that is tightly integrated and delivers a broad range of capabilities that would otherwise require the purchase and use of multiple disparate point applications. The core of our platform consists of procurement, invoicing and expense management modules that form our transactional engine and capture a company’s spend. In addition, our platform offers supporting modules, including sourcing, analytics, contract management, supplier management, inventory management and storefront, that help companies further manage their spend. Moreover, through our Coupa Open Business Network, suppliers of all sizes can easily interact with buyers electronically, thus significantly reducing paper, improving operating efficiencies and reducing costs.

We have a strong results-driven and customer success-focused culture. Our focus is on delivering quantifiable business value to our customers by helping them maximize spend under management to achieve real, measurable value and savings. With a rapid time to deployment, typically ranging from a few weeks to several months, and an easy to use interface that shields users from complexity, our customers

 



 

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can achieve widespread user adoption quickly and generate savings within a short timeframe, thus benefitting from a rapid return on investment.

We benefit from powerful network effects. As more businesses subscribe to our platform, the collective spend under management on our platform grows. Greater aggregate spend under management on our platform attracts more suppliers, which in turn attracts more businesses that want to take advantage of the goods and services available through our platform, thereby creating powerful network effects. In addition, as more businesses and employees use our platform, the amount of spend under management continues to increase. This leads to more value and savings for customers and improves our ability to attract more businesses. The resulting increase in sales enables us to further invest in our platform and to improve our functionality and user interface to continue to attract more businesses and suppliers to our platform, which enhances the network effects that benefit all parties.

We have developed a rich partner ecosystem of systems integrators, implementation partners, resellers and technology partners. We work closely with several global systems integrators, including KPMG, Deloitte, Accenture, IBM, PwC and Wipro, that help us scale our business, extend our global reach and drive increased market penetration. We expect the number of our partner-led implementations to continue to increase over time, as well as sales referrals from our partners.

We have achieved rapid growth in customer adoption, cumulative spend under management and transactions conducted through our platform. We have more than 1.5 million licensed users who have driven an expansion in spend under management over time. These licensed users represent the employees among our base of more than 530 total customers who are authorized to use our solutions. Our cumulative spend under management is highlighted below:

LOGO

Cumulative spend under management does not directly correlate to our revenue or results of operations because we do not charge our customers based on actual usage of our platform. However, we believe that cumulative spend under management illustrates the adoption, scale and value of our platform, which we believe enhances our ability to maintain existing customers and attract new customers.

For our fiscal years ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, our revenues were $133.8 million and $83.7 million, respectively, and our net losses were $37.6 million and $46.2 million, respectively, as we focused on growing our business.

 

 



 

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Our cloud-based spend management platform unites the three core aspects of spend management—procurement, invoicing and expense management—and has the ability to manage both indirect and direct spend. The total market for direct and indirect spend management is estimated at $16.8 billion in 2017, based on research by the following industry sources. International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the global market for procurement and invoicing applications that automate processes related to purchasing supplies, material and services will reach $4.5 billion in 2017 and will grow to $5.5 billion by 2020. According to Technavio market research sourced from ISI Securities EMIS, the global Software-as-a-Service(SaaS)-based market for expense management will reach $2.7 billion in 2017 and will grow to $3.2 billion in 2018. In addition, IDC estimates that the market for supply chain management application software, which includes software related to logistics, production planning and inventory management, will reach $9.6 billion in 2017 and grow to $11.5 billion by 2020.

To illustrate the economics of our customer relationships, we are providing a contribution margin analysis of the customers we acquired during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, which we will refer to as the 2013 Cohort. We selected the 2013 Cohort as a representative set of customers for this analysis to help investors understand the potential long-term value of our customer base, and we believe the 2013 Cohort is a fair representation of our overall customer base. We define contribution margin for a period as the subscription revenue from the customer cohort in such period less the estimated, allocated variable costs for the period associated with such revenues. The costs allocated to customers include personnel costs associated with the sales and marketing teams that acquire the customer, such as salaries, sales commissions and marketing program expenses. As the majority of our sales and marketing costs are related to the acquisition of new customers, these costs are mainly allocated to the newest cohort in a given period, with the exception of ongoing account management costs, which are estimated based on the number of account managers as a percentage of our total sales headcount. Costs allocated to customers also include the costs associated with use of our technology infrastructure and web hosting, as well as personnel costs associated with our operations and customer success teams that support the customer.

The support, technology infrastructure and web hosting expenses, in any particular period, are allocated based on the 2013 Cohort revenue as a percentage of the total subscription revenue in the period. We exclude all research and development and general and administrative expenses from this analysis because these expenses support the growth of our business generally.

We define contribution margin percentage as contribution margin divided by subscription revenue associated with such cohort in a given period. We have measured the 2013 Cohort with respect to contribution margin percentage. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, we recognized $4.0 million in subscription revenue from the 2013 Cohort and incurred associated costs that resulted in a negative contribution margin percentage of (249%). Since we acquired this cohort through the course of the year, less than a full year’s subscription revenue is reflected in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013. In the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 we realized $9.9 million, $10.0 million, $10.1 million and $11.6 million in subscription revenues from the 2013 Cohort with contribution margin percentages of 75%, 75%, 74% and 75%, respectively.

Recent Development

On April 7, 2017, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (Acquisition Agreement), pursuant to which we agreed to purchase substantially all of the issued and outstanding capital stock held by shareholders (Sellers) of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB, a Swedish corporation that specializes in strategic sourcing (Target). We will pay aggregate consideration of $45 million at the closing of the transaction (subject to customary upward or downward adjustments for the Target’s working capital and other matters), of which $41 million of the aggregate consideration will be paid in cash and the

 



 

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remaining $4 million will be paid in shares of our common stock and issued to certain Sellers who will be continuing employment with us.

The transaction is subject to customary conditions that are to be met or waived at or prior to the closing. The Acquisition Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants for transactions of this type. Pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, we and the Sellers have agreed to indemnify the other party for any breach of such party’s representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Acquisition Agreement, subject to varying survival periods and applicable negotiated caps, claims procedures and other limitations. The Sellers have also agreed to non-competition restrictions under the Acquisition Agreement. For risks related to our acquisitions, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Acquisitions could be difficult to identify, pose integration challenges, divert the attention of management, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.”

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in February 2006 in Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 1855 S. Grant Street, San Mateo, CA 94402, and our telephone number is (650) 931-3200. Our website address is www.coupa.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only.

 



 

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THE OFFERING

 

Issuer

Coupa Software Incorporated

 

Shares of common stock offered By us

91,535 shares

By the selling stockholders

3,608,465 shares

Total

3,700,000 shares

 

Shares of common stock outstanding after this offering

50,587,463 shares (51,142,463 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full)

 

Option to purchase additional shares of common stock from us, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus by the underwriters

555,000 shares
555,000 shares
555,000 shares

 

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $2.3 million, or $15.5 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming a price of $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

  The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, facilitate an orderly distribution of shares for the selling stockholders, increase our public float and increase our visibility in the marketplace. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which we currently expect will include continued investment in developing technology to support our growth, increased investment in our sales team and marketing activities, as well as overall growth in our international operations. However, we do not currently have specific planned uses of the proceeds. We may also use a portion of our net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary products, technologies, or businesses; however, other than our Share Purchase Agreement dated April 7, 2017 to purchase substantially all of the issued and outstanding capital stock held by shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB, we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transactions. As of the date hereof, we have sufficient cash on hand to complete our transaction with the shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB without using the net proceeds from this offering. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 36.

 



 

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Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in our common stock.

 

Nasdaq symbol

“COUP”

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 50,251,541 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2017 and 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering, and excludes the following:

 

    12,772,015 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of January 31, 2017, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.60 per share (other than 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering);

 

    406,686 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options granted after January 31, 2017, with a weighted average exercise price of $23.84 per share;

 

    77,883 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units outstanding as of January 31, 2017;

 

    1,503,179 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units granted after January 31, 2017;

 

    5,371,908 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of 4,553,158 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 818,750 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

 

    2,512,577 shares of common stock that were added to the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 502,515 shares of common stock that were added to the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan on February 1, 2017 pursuant to the stockholder approved terms of such plans; and

 

    shares of common stock with an aggregate market value of $4 million to be issued to the shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB at the closing of our transaction with them.

Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes:

 

    no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares; and

 

    no exercise or cancellation of outstanding options or vesting of restricted stock units subsequent to January 31, 2017 (other than 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering).

 



 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

The following tables set forth a summary of our historical consolidated financial data as of, and for the periods ended on, the dates indicated. The consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2017, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results. The summary consolidated financial data in this section are not intended to replace the consolidated financial statements and are qualified in their entirety by the consolidated financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

 

     For the year ended January 31,  
     2017     2016     2015  
    

(in thousands, except

per share data)

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

      

Revenues:

      

Subscription services

   $ 117,788     $ 75,667     $ 43,051  

Professional services and other

     15,987       8,011       7,794  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     133,775       83,678       50,845  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cost of revenues:

      

Subscription services (1)

     25,055       16,804       8,813  

Professional services and other (1)

     21,214       15,107       9,911  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of revenues

     46,269       31,911       18,724  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     87,506       51,767       32,121  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

      

Research and development (1)

     30,262       22,767       11,887  

Sales and marketing (1)

     68,562       54,713       33,724  

General and administrative (1)

     24,106       19,540       13,146  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     122,930       97,020       58,757  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

     (35,424     (45,253     (26,636

Other expense, net

     (1,335     (568     (563
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before provision for income taxes

     (36,759     (45,821     (27,199

Provision for income taxes

     848       335       101  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (37,607   $ (46,156   $ (27,300
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (2)

   $ (1.88   $ (9.81   $ (9.10
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (2)

     19,988       4,704       2,999  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other Financial Data:

      

Non-GAAP operating loss

   $ (24,869   $ (32,355   $ (17,818

Non-GAAP net loss

   $ (27,125   $ (33,258   $ (18,482

 



 

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(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

     For the year ended
January 31,
 
     2017      2016      2015  
     (in thousands)  

Cost of revenues:

        

Subscription services

   $ 715      $ 235      $ 109  

Professional services and other

     772        1,014        110  

Research and development

     1,766        1,236        337  

Sales and marketing

     3,130        1,347        433  

General and administrative

     3,069        6,736        818  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation

   $ 9,452      $ 10,568      $ 1,807  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(2) See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 3, 2017 for an explanation of the method used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders.

 

     As of January 31, 2017  
     Actual      As
Adjusted (1)(2)
 
     (in thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 201,721      $ 204,056  

Working capital

     153,039        155,374  

Total assets

     283,864        286,199  

Deferred revenue, current and non-current

     90,840        90,840  

Total stockholders’ equity

     173,892        176,227  

 

(1) The as adjusted column in the consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2017 reflects (i) our sale of 91,535 shares of common stock in this offering at the assumed public offering price of $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) the issuance of 244,387 shares of common stock to certain selling stockholders upon the exercise of options in order to sell those shares in this offering.

 

(2) The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of our public offering that will be determined at pricing.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We regularly review the measures set forth below as we evaluate our business.

 

     For the year ended January 31,  
     2017     2016     2015  
     (in thousands)  

Non-GAAP operating loss

   $ (24,869   $ (32,355   $ (17,818

Non-GAAP net loss

   $ (27,125   $ (33,258   $ (18,482

We define non-GAAP operating loss as operating loss before stock-based compensation, litigation-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets. We define non-GAAP net loss as net loss and comprehensive loss before stock-based compensation, litigation-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets and related tax effects.

We believe non-GAAP operating loss and non-GAAP net loss provide investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period to period comparisons of operations. We believe non-GAAP operating loss and non-GAAP net loss

 



 

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are useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain items that may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.

We use non-GAAP operating loss and non-GAAP net loss in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our performance, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our financial performance. Our definitions may differ from the definitions used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. In addition, other companies may not publish these or similar metrics. Thus, our non-GAAP operating loss and non-GAAP net loss should be considered in addition to, not as substitutes for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

We compensate for these limitations by providing investors and other users of our financial information a reconciliation of non-GAAP operating loss to loss from operations and non-GAAP net loss to net loss and comprehensive loss, the related GAAP financial measures. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure and to view non-GAAP operating loss and non-GAAP net loss in conjunction with loss from operations and net loss. The following tables provide a reconciliation of loss from operations to non-GAAP operating loss and from net loss and comprehensive loss to non-GAAP net loss:

 

     For the year ended January 31,  
     2017     2016     2015  
     (in thousands)  

Loss from operations

   $ (35,424   $ (45,253   $ (26,636

Stock-based compensation

     9,452       10,568       1,807  

Litigation-related costs

     151       1,943       6,958  

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

     952       387       53  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP operating loss

   $ (24,869   $ (32,355   $ (17,818
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     For the year ended January 31,  
     2017     2016     2015  
     (in thousands)  

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (37,607   $ (46,156   $ (27,300

Stock-based compensation

     9,452       10,568       1,807  

Litigation-related costs

     151       1,943       6,958  

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

     952       387       53  

Aggregate adjustment for income taxes

     (73            
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP net loss

   $ (27,125   $ (33,258   $ (18,482
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 



 

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.

We were incorporated in 2006 and introduced our first software module shortly thereafter and over time have invested in building our integrated platform. As a result of our limited operating history, our ability to forecast our future operating results is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, such as the risks and uncertainties described herein. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties (which we use to plan our business) are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.

Any success that we may experience in the future will depend, in large part, on our ability to manage the risks discussed herein and to, among other things:

 

    retain and expand our customer base on a cost-effective basis;

 

    successfully compete in our markets;

 

    continue to add features and functionality to our platform to meet customer demand;

 

    increase revenues from existing customers as they add users or purchase additional modules;

 

    continue to invest in research and development;

 

    scale our internal business operations in an efficient and cost-effective manner;

 

    scale our global customer success organization to make our customers successful in their spend management deployments;

 

    help our partners to be successful in deployments of our platform;

 

    successfully expand our business domestically and internationally;

 

    successfully protect our intellectual property and defend against intellectual property infringement claims; and

 

    hire, integrate and retain professional and technical talent.

If we are unable to attract new customers, the growth of our revenues will be adversely affected.

To increase our revenues, we must add new customers, increase the number of users at existing customers and sell additional modules to current customers. As our industry matures or if competitors introduce lower cost and/or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with ours,

 

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our ability to sell based on factors such as pricing, technology and functionality could be impaired. As a result, we may be unable to attract new customers at rates or on terms that would be favorable or comparable to prior periods, which could have an adverse effect on the growth of our revenues.

Because our platform is sold to large enterprises with complex operating environments, we encounter long and unpredictable sales cycles, which could adversely affect our operating results in a given period.

Our ability to increase revenues and achieve profitability depends, in large part, on widespread acceptance of our platform by large enterprises. As we target our sales efforts at these customers, we face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales. As a result of the variability and length of the sales cycle, we have only a limited ability to forecast the timing of sales. A delay in or failure to complete sales could harm our business and financial results, and could cause our financial results to vary significantly from period to period. Our sales cycle varies widely, reflecting differences in potential customers’ decision-making processes, procurement requirements and budget cycles, and is subject to significant risks over which we have little or no control, including:

 

    customers’ budgetary constraints and priorities;

 

    the timing of customers’ budget cycles;

 

    the need by some customers for lengthy evaluations; and

 

    the length and timing of customers’ approval processes.

In the large enterprise market, the customer’s decision to use our platform may be an enterprise-wide decision; therefore, these types of sales require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our platform, which causes us to expend substantial time, effort and money educating them as to the value of our platform. In addition, because we are a relatively new company with a limited operating history, our target customers may prefer to purchase software that is critical to their business from one of our larger, more established competitors. Our typical sales cycle can range from three to nine months, and we expect that this lengthy sales cycle may continue or increase. Longer sales cycles could cause our operating and financial results to suffer in a given period.

The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The market for spend management software is highly competitive, with relatively low barriers to entry for some software or service organizations. Our competitors include Oracle Corporation (Oracle) and SAP AG (SAP), well-established providers of spend management software, that have long-standing relationships with many customers. Some customers may be hesitant to adopt cloud-based software such as ours and prefer to purchase from legacy software vendors. Oracle and SAP are larger and have greater name recognition, much longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets and significantly greater resources than we do. These vendors, as well as other competitors, may offer spend management software on a standalone basis at a low price or bundled as part of a larger product sale. In order to take advantage of customer demand for cloud-based software, legacy vendors are expanding their cloud-based software through acquisitions and organic development. For example, SAP acquired Ariba, Inc. and Concur Technologies, Inc. Legacy vendors may also seek to partner with other leading cloud providers. We also face competition from custom-built software vendors and from vendors of specific applications, some of which offer cloud-based solutions. We may also face competition from a variety of vendors of cloud-based and on-premise software products that address only a portion of our platform. In addition, other companies that provide cloud-based software in different target markets may develop software or acquire companies that operate in our target markets, and some potential customers may elect to develop their own internal software. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect this competition to intensify in the future.

 

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Many of our competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products and services. Furthermore, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources and the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition. In addition, many of our competitors have established marketing relationships, access to larger customer bases and major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators and resellers. Our competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their product offerings or resources. If our platform does not become more accepted relative to our competitors’, or if our competitors are successful in bringing their products or services to market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, then our revenues could be adversely affected. In addition, some of our competitors may offer their products and services at a lower price. If we are unable to achieve our target pricing levels, our operating results will be negatively affected. Pricing pressures and increased competition could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or a failure to maintain or improve our competitive market position, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Our business depends substantially on our customers renewing their subscriptions and purchasing additional subscriptions from us. Any decline in our customer renewals would harm our future operating results.

In order for us to maintain or improve our operating results, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions when the initial contract term expires and add additional authorized users and additional spend management modules to their subscriptions. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions, and we cannot assure you that our customers will renew subscriptions with a similar contract period or with the same or a greater number of authorized users and modules. Some of our customers have elected not to renew their agreements with us, and we may not be able to accurately predict renewal rates.

Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our subscription service, our professional services, our customer support, our prices and contract length, the prices of competing solutions, mergers and acquisitions affecting our customer base, the effects of global economic conditions or reductions in our customers’ spending levels. Our future success also depends in part on our ability to add additional authorized users and modules to the subscriptions of our current customers. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions, renew on less favorable terms or fail to add more authorized users or additional spend management modules, our revenues may decline, and we may not realize improved operating results from our customer base.

If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer data is otherwise obtained, our platform may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce the use of or stop using our platform and we may incur significant liabilities.

Our platform involves the storage and transmission of our customers’ sensitive proprietary information, including their spending and other related data. As a result, unauthorized access or security breaches could result in the loss of information, litigation, indemnity obligations and other liability. While we have security measures in place that are designed to protect customer information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, if these measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and someone obtains unauthorized access to our customers’ data, we could face loss of business, regulatory investigations or orders, our reputation could be severely damaged, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate the problem, as well as incur significant costs and liabilities, including due to litigation, indemnity obligations, damages for contract breach, penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations, and costs for remediation and other incentives offered to customers or other business partners in an effort to maintain business relationships after a breach.

 

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We cannot assure you that any limitations of liability provisions in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security lapse or breach. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims related to a security breach, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.

Cyber-attacks and other malicious Internet-based activities continue to increase generally. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or users to disclose information to gain access to our data or our customers’ data. While it did not involve any customer data, we have previously suffered the loss of certain employee information related to an employee error. If any of these events occur, our or our customers’ information could be accessed or disclosed improperly. Any or all of these issues could negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect to not renew their subscriptions, result in reputational damage or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could adversely affect our operating results.

If we fail to develop widespread brand awareness cost-effectively, our business may suffer.

We believe that developing and maintaining widespread awareness of our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our platform and attracting new customers. For example, widespread awareness of our brand is critical to ensuring that we are invited to participate in requests for proposals from prospective customers. Our success in this area will depend on a wide range of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

 

    the efficacy of our marketing efforts;

 

    our ability to offer high-quality, innovative and error- and bug-free modules;

 

    our ability to retain existing customers and obtain new customers;

 

    the ability of our customers to achieve successful results by using our platform;

 

    the quality and perceived value of our platform;

 

    our ability to successfully differentiate our offerings from those of our competitors;

 

    actions of competitors and other third parties;

 

    our ability to provide customer support and professional services;

 

    any misuse or perceived misuse of our platform and modules;

 

    positive or negative publicity;

 

    interruptions, delays or attacks on our platform or modules; and

 

    litigation, legislative or regulatory-related developments.

Brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenues, and, even if they do, any increase in revenues may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, or incur substantial expenses, we may fail to attract or retain customers necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts or to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our platform.

 

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Furthermore, negative publicity (whether or not justified) relating to events or activities attributed to us, our employees, our partners or others associated with any of these parties, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity could reduce demand for our platform and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, any attempts to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brands may be costly and time consuming, and such efforts may not ultimately be successful.

We have experienced rapid growth and expect our growth to continue and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or adequately address competitive challenges.

We have experienced a rapid growth in our business, headcount and operations since inception. We have also significantly increased the size of our customer base. We anticipate that we will continue to expand our operations and headcount, including internationally. This growth has placed, and future growth will place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this growth effectively. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in deploying customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new features and/or other operational difficulties, any of which could adversely affect our business performance and results of operations.

We have a history of cumulative losses, and we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future.

We have incurred significant losses in each period since our inception in 2006. We incurred net losses of $37.6 million, $46.2 million and $27.3 million in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We had an accumulated deficit of $160.5 million and $122.9 million at January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our losses and accumulated deficit reflect the substantial investments we made to acquire new customers and develop our platform. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future due to anticipated increases in sales and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, operations costs and general and administrative costs, and, therefore, we expect our losses to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, to the extent we are successful in increasing our customer base, we will also incur increased losses because costs associated with acquiring customers are generally incurred up front, while subscription revenues are generally recognized ratably over the terms of the agreements (typically three years, although some customers commit for shorter periods). You should not consider our recent growth in revenues as indicative of our future performance. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future, or that, if we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability.

We do not have a long history with our subscription or pricing models and changes could adversely affect our operating results.

We have limited experience with respect to determining the optimal prices and contract length for our platform. As the markets for our software subscriptions grow, as new competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours or as we enter into new international markets, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same price or based on the same pricing model as we have used historically. For example, customers may demand pricing models that include price adjustments that are correlated to the savings they realize using our products and services. While this is not and has not been our pricing model, we have discussed it with some customers in the past and may choose to implement it in the future. Moreover, regardless of pricing model used, large customers, which are the focus of our sales efforts, may demand higher price discounts than in the past. As a result, in the future we may be required to reduce our prices, offer shorter contract durations or offer alternative pricing models, which could adversely affect our revenues, gross margin, profitability, financial position and cash flow.

 

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Because we recognize subscription revenues over the term of the contract, fluctuations in new sales will not be immediately reflected in our operating results and may be difficult to discern.

We generally recognize subscription revenues from customers ratably over the terms of their contracts, which are typically three years, although some customers commit for shorter periods. As a result, most of the subscription revenues we report on each quarter are derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any single quarter would likely have only a small impact on our revenues for that quarter. However, such a decline would negatively affect our revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our platform, and potential changes in our pricing policies or rate of renewals, may not be fully apparent from our reported results of operations until future periods.

We may be unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect the changes in revenues. In addition, a significant majority of our costs are expensed as incurred, while subscription revenues are recognized over the life of the customer agreement. As a result, increased growth in the number of our customers could result in our recognition of more costs than revenues in the earlier periods of the terms of our agreements. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenues through additional sales in any period, as revenues from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.

Professional services revenues are recognized as the services are performed or upon the completion of the project, depending on the type of professional services arrangement involved. Professional services engagements typically span from a few weeks to several months, which makes it somewhat difficult to predict the timing of revenue recognition for such services and the corresponding effects on our results of operations. Professional services revenues have and may continue to fluctuate significantly from period to period. In addition, because professional services expenses are recognized as the services are performed or upon completion of the project, professional services and total margins can significantly fluctuate from period to period.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

Our quarterly results of operations, as well as our key metrics discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, including the levels of our revenues, gross margin, cash flow and deferred revenue, may vary significantly in the future and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results and key metrics may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results and metrics may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, as a result they may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. These quarterly fluctuations may negatively affect the value of our common stock. Factors that may cause these fluctuations include, without limitation:

 

    our ability to attract new customers;

 

    the addition or loss of large customers, including through acquisitions or consolidations;

 

    the timing of recognition of revenues;

 

    the amount and timing of operating expenses;

 

    general economic, industry and market conditions, both domestically and internationally;

 

    customer renewal rates;

 

    significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to, the delivery and use of our products on our platform;

 

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    the amount and timing of completion of professional services engagements;

 

    increases or decreases in the number of users for our platform or pricing changes upon any renewals of customer agreements;

 

    changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

 

    seasonal variations in sales of our software subscriptions, which has historically been highest in the fourth quarter of a calendar year but may vary in future quarters;

 

    the timing and success of new module introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers or strategic partners;

 

    changes in foreign currency exchange rates;

 

    extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments;

 

    sales tax and other tax determinations by authorities in the jurisdiction in which we conduct business;

 

    the impact of new accounting pronouncements;

 

    fluctuations in stock-based compensation expense;

 

    expenses in connection with mergers, acquisitions or other strategic transactions; and

 

    the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill or intangibles from acquired companies.

The profitability of our customer relationships may fluctuate.

Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of our customer relationships and we need to make significant investments in order to add new customers to grow our customer base. The profitability of a customer relationship in any particular period depends in part on how long the customer has been a subscriber on our platform. In general, the upfront costs associated with new customers are higher in the first year than the aggregate revenues we recognize from those new customers in the first year.

We review the lifetime value and associated acquisition costs of our customers, as discussed further in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The lifetime value of our customers and customer acquisition costs has and will continue to fluctuate from one period to another depending upon the amount of our net new subscription revenues (which depends on the number of new customers in a period, upsells of additional modules to existing customers and changes in subscription fees charged to existing customers), gross margins (which depends on investments in and other changes to our cost of customer support and allocated overhead), sales and marketing expenses and renewal rates (which depend on our ability to maintain or grow subscription fees from customers). These amounts have fluctuated from quarter to quarter and will continue to fluctuate in the future. We may not experience lifetime value to customer acquisition cost ratios in future years or periods similar to those we have achieved to date. Other companies may calculate lifetime value and customer acquisition costs differently than our chosen method and, therefore, may not be directly comparable.

We depend on our senior management team and the loss of our chief executive officer or one or more key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers. In particular, our chief executive officer, Robert Bernshteyn, is critical to our vision, strategic direction, culture and

 

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overall business success. We also rely on our leadership team in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services and general and administrative functions, and on mission-critical individual contributors in research and development. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. We do not maintain key-man insurance for Mr. Bernshteyn or any other member of our senior management team. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or other key personnel that require them to continue to work for us for any specified period and, therefore, they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a serious adverse effect on our business.

To execute our growth plan, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially for engineers with high levels of experience in designing and developing software for Internet-related services. We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or our company have breached their legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources. In addition, job candidates and existing employees in the San Francisco Bay Area often consider the value of the stock awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of our stock declines, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.

If we are not able to provide successful and timely enhancements, new features and modifications for our platform and modules, we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers and our revenues and financial performance may suffer.

If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features for our existing modules or new modules that achieve market acceptance or to integrate technology, products and services that we acquire into our platform, our business could be adversely affected. The success of enhancements, new features and modules depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the enhancements or new features or modules. Failure in this regard may significantly impair the growth of our revenues. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, delays in the planned release dates of enhancements to our platform, and we have discovered, and may in the future discover, errors in new releases after their introduction. Either situation could result in adverse publicity, loss of sales, delay in market acceptance of our platform or customer claims, including, among other things, warranty claims against us, any of which could cause us to lose existing customers or affect our ability to attract new customers.

We rely heavily on Amazon Web Services to deliver our platform and modules to our customers, and any disruption in service from Amazon Web Services or material change to our arrangement with Amazon Web Services could adversely affect our business.

We rely heavily upon Amazon Web Services (AWS) to operate certain aspects of our platform and any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS could impair our ability to deliver our platform and modules to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers and harm to our business. We have architected our software and computer systems to use data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS. Currently, our cloud service infrastructure is run on AWS. Given this, we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, so any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would adversely affect our operations and potentially our business.

AWS provides us with computing and storage capacity pursuant to an agreement that continues until terminated by either party. AWS may terminate the agreement without cause by providing 30 days’ prior

 

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written notice and may terminate the agreement for cause with 30 days’ prior written notice, including any material default or breach of the agreement by us that we do not cure within the 30 day period. Additionally, AWS has the right to terminate the agreement immediately with notice to us in certain scenarios such as if AWS believes providing the services could create a substantial economic or technical burden or material security risk for AWS, or in order to comply with the law or requests of governmental entities. The agreement requires AWS to provide us their standard computing and storage capacity and related support in exchange for timely payment by us. If any of our arrangements with AWS were terminated, we could experience interruptions in our software as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services.

We utilize third-party data center hosting facilities operated by AWS, located in various facilities around the world. Our operations depend, in part, on AWS’s abilities to protect these facilities against damage or interruption due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts, capacity constraints and similar events. For instance, in February 2017, AWS suffered a significant outage in the United States that had a widespread impact on the ability of certain of our customers to fully use our modules for a small period of time. Despite precautions taken at these data centers, the occurrence of spikes in usage volume, a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, vandalism or sabotage, a decision to close a facility without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems at a facility could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our platform. Even with current and planned disaster recovery arrangements, our business could be harmed. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenues, subject us to liability and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could harm our business.

Failure to adequately expand our direct sales force will impede our growth.

We will need to continue to expand and optimize our sales infrastructure in order to grow our customer base and our business. We plan to continue to expand our direct sales force, both domestically and internationally. Identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them in the use of our software requires significant time, expense and attention. It often takes six months or longer before our sales representatives are fully-trained and productive. Our business may be adversely affected if our efforts to expand and train our direct sales force do not generate a corresponding increase in revenues. In particular, if we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel or if new direct sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, we may not be able to realize the expected benefits of this investment or increase our revenues.

Acquisitions could be difficult to identify, pose integration challenges, divert the attention of management, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We have in the past acquired and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our platform, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. For example, in December 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Spend360 International Limited (“Spend360”), a data analytics solution company, and on April 7, 2017, we announced that we had entered into a Share Purchase Agreement pursuant to which we agreed to purchase substantially all of the issued and outstanding capital stock held by shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB, a Swedish corporation that specializes in strategic sourcing. There is a risk that this transaction will not close, that closing will be delayed or that the companies’ respective businesses will suffer due to uncertainty related to the transaction. Acquisitions may also disrupt our business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our existing business.

 

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In addition, we have limited experience in acquiring other businesses and we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully, or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

 

    inability to integrate or benefit from acquired technologies or services in a profitable manner;

 

    unanticipated costs, accounting charges or other liabilities associated with the acquisition;

 

    incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

 

    difficulty integrating the accounting systems, operations and personnel of the acquired business, including due to language, geographical or cultural differences;

 

    difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired business;

 

    difficulty converting the customers of the acquired business onto our platform and contract terms, including disparities in the revenues, licensing, support or professional services model of the acquired company;

 

    adverse effects to our existing business relationships with business partners and customers as a result of the acquisition;

 

    the potential loss of key employees;

 

    use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and

 

    use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business and financial position may suffer.

Privacy concerns and laws or other domestic or foreign regulations may reduce the effectiveness of our platform and adversely affect our business.

Our customers can use our platform to collect, use and store certain types of personal or identifying information regarding their employees and suppliers. Federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have adopted, are considering adopting or may adopt laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal information obtained from consumers and individuals, such as compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, and the recently created EU-U.S. Privacy Shield. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, such laws and regulations that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of our platform and reduce overall demand or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for any noncompliance with such privacy laws. Furthermore, privacy concerns may cause our customers’ employees to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our customers to use our platform effectively. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our platform in certain industries.

All of these domestic and international legislative and regulatory initiatives may adversely affect our customers’ ability to process, handle, store, use and transmit demographic and personal information from

 

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their employees, customers and suppliers, which could reduce demand for our platform. The European Union, or EU, and many countries in Europe have stringent privacy laws and regulations, which may affect our ability to operate cost effectively in certain European countries. In particular, the EU has adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which is scheduled to go into effect in early 2018 and contains numerous requirements and changes, including more robust obligations on data processors and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies. Complying with the GDPR may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our business practices. Despite our efforts to bring practices into compliance before the effective date of the GDPR, we may not be successful either due to internal or external factors such as resource allocation limitations or a lack of vendor cooperation. Non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities or others. We may also experience difficulty retaining or obtaining new European or multi-national customers due to the compliance cost, potential risk exposure, and uncertainty for these entities. We may find it necessary to establish systems to maintain personal data originating from the EU in the European Economic Area, which may involve substantial expense and distraction from other aspects of our business. In the meantime, there could be uncertainty as to how to comply with EU privacy law.

The loss of one or more of our key customers could negatively affect our ability to market our platform.

We rely on our reputation and recommendations from key customers in order to promote subscriptions to our platform. The loss of any of our key customers could have a significant impact on our revenues, reputation and our ability to obtain new customers. In addition, acquisitions of our customers could lead to cancellation of our contracts with those customers or by the acquiring companies, thereby reducing the number of our existing and potential customers.

Our business could be adversely affected if our customers are not satisfied with the implementation services provided by us or our partners.

Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our customers, both with respect to our platform and modules and the professional services that are performed to help our customers use features and functions that address their business needs. Professional services may be performed by our own staff, by a third-party partner or by a combination of the two. Our strategy is to work with partners to increase the breadth of capability and depth of capacity for delivery of these services to our customers, and we expect the number of our partner-led implementations to continue to increase over time. If a customer is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or a partner or with the type of professional services or modules delivered, we may incur additional costs to in addressing the situation, the profitability of that work might be impaired and the customer’s dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to expand the number of modules subscribed to by that customer. In addition, negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.

We typically provide service level commitments under our customer contracts. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services or face contract terminations, which could adversely affect our revenues.

Our customer agreements typically provide service level commitments on a monthly basis. If we are unable to meet the stated service level commitments or suffer extended periods of unavailability for our platform, we may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with service credits, typically 10% of the customer’s subscription fees for the month in which the service level was not met, and we could face contract terminations, in which case we would be subject to refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services. Our revenues could be significantly affected if we suffer unexcused downtime under our agreements with our customers. Any extended service outages could adversely affect our reputation, revenues and operating results.

 

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If we fail to integrate our platform with a variety of third-party technologies, our platform may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete and our operating results may be harmed.

Our platform must integrate with a variety of third-party technologies, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to adapt to changes in cloud-enabled hardware, software, networking, browser and database technologies. Any failure of our platform to operate effectively with future technologies could reduce the demand for our platform, resulting in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to these changes in a cost-effective manner, our platform may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete and our operating results may be negatively affected. In addition, an increasing number of individuals within the enterprise are utilizing mobile devices to access the Internet and corporate resources and to conduct business. If we cannot continue to effectively make our platform available on these mobile devices and offer the information, services and functionality required by enterprises that widely use mobile devices, we may experience difficulty attracting and retaining customers.

Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

Once our modules are implemented, our customers depend on our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our modules. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our platform and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell subscriptions to our modules to existing and prospective customers and our business, operating results and financial position.

Sales to customers outside the United States or with international operations expose us to risks inherent in international sales.

A key element of our growth strategy is to expand our international operations and develop a worldwide customer base. The combined revenues from non-U.S. regions, as determined based on the billing address of our customers, constituted 32%, 28% and 25% of our total revenues for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. Because of our limited experience with international operations, our international expansion efforts may not be successful in creating additional demand for our platform outside of the United States or in effectively selling subscriptions to our platform in all of the international markets we enter. In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:

 

    the need to localize and adapt our platform for specific countries, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

 

    data privacy laws that require customer data to be stored and processed in a designated territory;

 

    difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations and working with foreign partners;

 

    different pricing environments, longer sales cycles and longer accounts receivable payment cycles and collections issues;

 

    new and different sources of competition;

 

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    weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the United States and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the United States;

 

    laws and business practices favoring local competitors;

 

    compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy and data protection laws and regulations;

 

    increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

 

    restrictions on the transfer of funds;

 

    fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could increase the price of our products outside of the United States, increase the expenses of our international operations and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk;

 

    adverse tax consequences; and

 

    unstable regional and economic political conditions.

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international sales and operations. Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully, or to comply with these laws and regulations, could harm our operations, reduce our sales and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, in certain foreign countries, particularly those with developing economies, certain business practices that are prohibited by laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, may be more commonplace. Although we have policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as channel partners involved in our international sales, may take actions in violation of our policies. Any such violation could have an adverse effect on our business and reputation.

Some of our business partners also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks.

If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and, beginning with our second annual report, provide a management report on the internal controls over financial reporting, which must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm to the extent we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” as defined by The Jumpstart Our Businesses Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act). If we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We are in the process of designing and implementing the internal controls over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation, which process will be time consuming, costly and complicated. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion.

If we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting,

 

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investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the SEC, stock exchange or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources to address.

We may face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As our international operations expand, our exposure to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates grows because our international contracts are sometimes denominated in local currencies, in particular with respect to the Euro, British Pound Sterling and Australian Dollar. Over time, an increasing portion of our international contracts may be denominated in local currencies. Therefore, as exchange rates vary, revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses and other operating results, when re-measured, may differ materially from expectations. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. Additionally, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments. Moreover, we anticipate growing our business further outside of the United States, and the effects of movements in currency exchange rates will increase as our transaction volume outside of the United States increases.

If we cannot continue to expand the use of our platform beyond our initial focus on our procurement and invoicing modules, our ability to grow our business may be harmed and the growth rate of our revenues may decline.

To date, most of our sales have involved our procurement and invoicing modules, which are the most mature modules on our platform. Any factor adversely affecting sales of these modules, including software release cycles, market acceptance, product competition, performance and reliability, reputation, price competition and economic and market conditions, could adversely affect our business and operating results. Furthermore, our ability to grow our business depends in part on our ability to compete in the market for the other modules on our platform, including expense reporting, sourcing, inventory, contracts, analytics, supplier management and storefront. Our efforts to market these other modules is relatively new, and it is uncertain whether these other modules will ever result in significant revenues for us. While we have recently acquired or agreed to acquire businesses related to certain of these modules, there can be no assurance that these acquisitions will facilitate our efforts to market and sell these other modules. Further, the introduction of new modules beyond these markets may not be successful.

Large customers often demand more configuration and integration services, or customized features and functions that we do not offer, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Large customers may demand more configuration and integration services, which increase our upfront investment in sales and deployment efforts, with no guarantee that these customers will increase the scope of their subscription. As a result of these factors, we must devote a significant amount of sales support and professional services resources to individual customers, increasing the cost and time required to complete sales. Additionally, our platform does not currently permit customers to modify our code. If prospective customers require customized features or functions that we do not offer and that would be difficult for them to deploy themselves, then the market for our platform will be more limited and our business could suffer.

 

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If our platform fails to perform properly, our reputation could be adversely affected, our market share could decline and we could be subject to liability claims.

Our platform is inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors. Any defects in functionality or that cause interruptions in the availability of our platform could result in:

 

    loss or delayed market acceptance and sales;

 

    breach of warranty claims;

 

    sales credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services;

 

    loss of customers;

 

    diversion of development and customer service resources; and

 

    injury to our reputation.

The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors might be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results.

Because of the large amount of data that we collect and manage, it is possible that hardware failures or errors in our systems could result in data loss or corruption or cause the information that we collect to be incomplete or contain inaccuracies that our customers regard as significant. Furthermore, the availability or performance of our platform could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including customers’ inability to access the Internet, failure of our network or software systems, security breaches or variability in user traffic for our platform. We may be required to issue credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused services or otherwise be liable to our customers for damages they incur resulting from certain of these events. For example, our customers access our modules through their Internet service providers. If a service provider fails to provide sufficient capacity to support our modules or otherwise experiences service outages, such failure could interrupt our customers’ access to our modules and adversely affect their perception of our modules’ reliability. In addition to potential liability, if we experience interruptions in the availability of our platform, our reputation could be adversely affected and we could lose customers.

Our errors and omissions insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, our policy may not cover all claims made against us and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention.

If we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, our existing customers may experience service outages and our new customers may experience delays in the implementation of our platform.

We have experienced significant growth in the number of users, transactions and data that our operations infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our operations infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers, as well as to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer implementations and the expansion of existing customer implementations. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure in order to support version control, changes in hardware and software parameters and the evolution of our platform. However, the provision of new hosting infrastructure requires significant lead time. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, viruses, security attacks, fraud, spikes in customer usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure requirements, our customers may experience service outages that may subject us to financial penalties, financial liabilities and customer losses. If our operations infrastructure fails to keep pace with increased sales, customers may experience delays as we seek to obtain additional capacity, which could adversely affect our revenue as well as our reputation.

 

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We have incurred and will continue to incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.

As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Global Select Market, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. Compliance with these requirements has increased our legal and financial compliance costs and made some activities more time consuming and costly. In addition, our management and other personnel need to divert attention from operational and other business matters to devote substantial time to these public company requirements. In particular, we are incurring significant expenses and devoting substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will increase when we are no longer an emerging growth company, as defined by the JOBS Act. We have hired and may need to continue to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and maintain an internal audit function. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs.

Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.

We have established strategic relationships with a number of other companies. In order to grow our business, we anticipate that we will continue to establish and maintain relationships with third parties, such as implementation partners, system integrator partners and technology providers. Identifying partners, and negotiating and documenting relationships with them, requires significant time and resources. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services or to prevent or reduce subscriptions to our services. In addition, acquisitions of our partners by our competitors could result in a decrease in the number of our current and potential customers, as our partners may no longer facilitate the adoption of our platform by potential customers.

If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our operating results could suffer. Even if we are successful in our strategic relationships, we cannot assure you that these relationships will result in increased customer usage of our platform or increased revenues.

Weakened global economic conditions may harm our industry, business and results of operations.

Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. Global financial developments and downturns seemingly unrelated to us or the enterprise software industry may harm us. The United States and other key international economies have been affected by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy. In particular, the economies of countries in Europe have been experiencing weakness associated with high sovereign debt levels, weakness in the banking sector and uncertainty over the future of the Euro zone, including instability surrounding “Brexit,” the United Kingdom’s decision to exit the European Union. We have operations, as well as current and potential new customers, throughout most of Europe. If economic conditions in Europe and other key markets for our platform continue to remain uncertain or deteriorate further, many customers may delay or reduce their information technology spending.

The growth of our revenues and potential profitability of our business depends on demand for platform and modules generally, and spend management specifically. In addition, our revenues are dependent on the number of users of our modules. Historically, during economic downturns there have

 

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been reductions in spending on enterprise software as well as pressure for extended billing terms or pricing discounts, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results. These conditions affect the rate of enterprise software spending and could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to subscribe to our platform, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscriptions or affect renewal rates, all of which could harm our operating results.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part upon our intellectual property. We primarily rely on copyright, patent, trade secret and trademark laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality or contractual agreements with our employees, customers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate.

In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to expend significant resources to monitor and protect such rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could seriously adversely affect our brand and our business.

We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.

There has been considerable activity in our industry to develop and enforce intellectual property rights. Our success depends upon our not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. In the past third parties have claimed and in the future third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. For example, between March 2012 and August 2014 and between May 2014 and September 2015, we and Ariba, Inc. were involved in patent and trade secret litigation cases, each of which eventually resulted in a settlement agreement that requires us to maintain certain ongoing compliance measures that if challenged, could be costly, time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.

In the future, others may claim that our platform and underlying technology infringe or violate their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights that others may claim cover some or all of our technology or services. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers and business partners or to pay substantial settlement costs, including royalty payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify our platform or refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.

Our platform utilizes open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.

Our platform utilizes software governed by open source licenses, including for example the MIT License and the Apache License. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by

 

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United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our platform. By the terms of certain open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software and make it available under open source licenses. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or to re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and services. In addition to risks related to license requirements, the use of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with the use of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business.

We employ third-party licensed software for use in or with our platform, and the inability to maintain these licenses or errors in the software we license could result in increased costs, or reduced service levels, which could adversely affect our business.

Our platform incorporates certain third-party software obtained under licenses from other companies. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software and development tools from third parties in the future. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. In addition, integration of the software used in our platform with new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Also, to the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in this third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our platform, delay new module introductions, result in a failure of our modules and injure our reputation. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties.

If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.

We believe that a critical component of our success has been our company culture, which is based on our core values of ensuring customer success, focusing on results and striving for excellence. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team within this company culture. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain these important aspects of our company culture. If we fail to preserve our culture, our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives could be compromised, potentially harming our business.

We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs.

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through equity financings and prepayments by customers. We do not know when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fund our ongoing operations. In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions, a decline in the level of customer prepayments or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons, and we may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities

 

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convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

Our customers may fail to pay us in accordance with the terms of their agreements, necessitating action by us to compel payment.

We typically enter into multiple year, non-cancelable arrangements with our customers. If customers fail to pay us under the terms of our agreements, we may be adversely affected both from the inability to collect amounts due and the cost of enforcing the terms of our contracts, including litigation. The risk of such negative effects increases with the term length of our customer arrangements. Furthermore, some of our customers may seek bankruptcy protection or other similar relief and fail to pay amounts due to us, or pay those amounts more slowly, either of which could adversely affect our operating results, financial position and cash flow.

Contractual disputes with our customers could be costly, time-consuming and harm our reputation.

Our business is contract intensive and we are party to contracts with our customers all over the world. Our contracts can contain a variety of terms, including service levels, security obligations, indemnification and regulatory requirements. Contract terms may not always be standardized across our customers and can be subject to differing interpretations, which could result in disputes with our customers from time to time. If our customers notify us of a contract breach or otherwise dispute our contract, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect our operating results.

Pursuant to agreements with certain of our customers, we have placed, and in the future may be required to place in escrow the source code of some of our modules. Under these escrow arrangements, the source code pertaining to the modules may, in specified circumstances, be made available to our customers. This factor may increase the likelihood of misappropriation or other misuse of our modules.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions, computer viruses, data security breaches or terrorism.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or flood, occurring at our headquarters, at one of our other facilities or where a business partner is located could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, if a natural disaster or man-made problem were to affect Internet service providers, this could adversely affect the ability of our customers to use our products and platform. Although we maintain incident management and disaster response plans, in the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are an emerging growth company and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and therefore we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.”

 

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For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we will continue take advantage, or intend to take advantage of, certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of July 31, (ii) the end of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more during such fiscal year, (iii) the date on which we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period or (iv) the end of the fiscal year that is five years from the date of our final prospectus filed with the SEC on October 5, 2016.

We may not be able to utilize a significant portion of our net operating loss or research tax credit carryforwards, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

We have federal and state net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses, which if not utilized will begin to expire in 2026 and 2029 for federal and state purposes, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, such as research tax credits, in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” Such an “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. As of our initial public offering we have not had an ownership change that has triggered any material limitation on the use of our tax attributes for purposes of Section 382 of the Code. Future changes in our stock ownership, however, could cause an “ownership change.” It is possible that an ownership change, or any future ownership change, could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

Changes in laws and regulations related to the Internet could increase the costs of our services and adversely affect our business.

Federal, state or foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the Internet as a commercial medium. Changes in these laws or regulations could require changes in our business in order to comply with these changes. In particular, the application of federal, state, local and international tax laws to services provided electronically is evolving. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time (possibly with retroactive effect) and could be applied solely or disproportionately to services provided over the Internet. These enactments could adversely affect our sales activity due to the inherent cost increase the taxes would represent and ultimately result in a negative impact on our operating results and cash flows.

In addition, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us (possibly with retroactive effect), which could require us or our

 

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customers to pay additional tax amounts, as well as fines or penalties and interest for past amounts. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, thereby adversely affecting our operating results and cash flows.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results for periods prior and subsequent to such change. For example, recent new standards issued by the FASB that could materially impact our financial statements include revenue from contracts with customers, certain improvements to employee share-based payment accounting and accounting for leases. We may adopt one or more of these standards retrospectively to prior periods and the adoption may result in an adverse change to previously reported results. Additionally, the adoption of these standards may potentially require enhancements or changes in our systems and will require significant time and cost on behalf of our financial management. The prescribed periods of adoption of these standards and other pending changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, are further discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Our estimates and forecasts relating to the size and expected growth of our market may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market in which we compete meets our size estimates and forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations and decline, due to factors beyond our control and you may lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in October 2016 at a price of $18.00 per share, the reported high and low sales prices of our common stock has ranged from $22.50 to $41.61 through April 7, 2017. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

    the overall performance of the equity markets;

 

    our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

 

    changes in our projected operating results that we provide to the public, our failure to meet these projections or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;

 

    announcements of technological innovations, new software or enhancements to services, acquisitions, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

 

    disruptions in our services due to computer hardware, software or network problems;

 

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    announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases;

 

    recruitment or departure of key personnel;

 

    the economy as a whole, market conditions in our industry and the industries of our customers;

 

    trading activity by a limited number of stockholders who together beneficially own a majority of our outstanding common stock;

 

    the expiration of market standoff or contractual lock-up agreements;

 

    the size of our market float; and

 

    any other factors discussed in this prospectus.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that they might occur, could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers, and significant stockholders. We had a total of 50,251,541 shares of our common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2017. All of the shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering and in this offering are freely tradeable in the United States, except for any shares purchased by our “affiliates” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. Upon the expiration of the underwriters’ lock-up agreements from our initial public offering, which occurred on April 4, 2017, approximately 41.6 million shares became eligible for sale, subject in some cases to volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and subject to reduction in the event we complete this offering. Our executive officers, directors, substantially all of the selling stockholders who participate in this offering and certain other holders of our common stock will be subject to a lock-up agreement for an additional 90 days, with respect to 75% of their shares, and 60 days, with respect to 25% of their shares, from the date of the final prospectus for this offering. These agreements contain several exemptions from the lock-up restrictions. For example, some of our executive officers have entered into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans under which they have contracted with a broker to sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis. These plans provide for sales to occur from time to time, and sales under such plans that were entered into prior to execution of a lock-up agreement in connection with this offering by our executive officers will not be subject to the additional lock-up period related to this offering.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, whether due to the expiration or release of lock-up restrictions or otherwise, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales, or the perception that our shares may be available for sale, will have on the prevailing market price of our common stock.

Certain of our stockholders have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or our stockholders, subject to market standoff and lockup agreements. The market price of the

 

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shares of our common stock could decline as a result of the sale of a substantial number of our shares of common stock in the public market or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares.

In addition, we have filed registration statements to register shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. Subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and expiration of the lock-up agreements referred to above, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or settlement of outstanding restricted stock units will be available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market.

If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If industry analysts cease coverage of us, the trading price for our common stock will be negatively affected. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our common stock price will likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our common stock price and trading volume to decline.

In addition, independent industry analysts, such as Gartner and Forrester, often provide reviews of our products and platform capabilities, as well as those of our competitors, and perception of our offerings in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these reviews. We have no control over what these industry analysts report, and because industry analysts may influence current and potential customers, our brand could be harmed if they do not provide a positive review of our products and platform capabilities or view us as a market leader.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

The concentration of our stock ownership will likely limit your ability to influence corporate matters, including the ability to influence the outcome of director elections and other matters requiring stockholder approval.

Based upon shares outstanding as of January 31, 2017, our executive officers, directors and the holders of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock, in the aggregate, own approximately 60% of our common stock, assuming no exercise of outstanding options. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, will have significant influence over all matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Corporate actions might be taken even if other stockholders oppose them. This concentration of ownership might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company that other stockholders may view as beneficial.

Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (“Restated Certificate”) and amended and restated bylaws (“Bylaws”) could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our common stock.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in

 

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a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our Restated Certificate and Restated Bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following:

 

    the requirement of a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

 

    the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror;

 

    the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

 

    a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

 

    the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders be called only by a majority vote of our entire board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our chief executive officer, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including to remove directors;

 

    the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our Restated Certificate relating to the management of our business or our Restated Bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquiror to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and

 

    advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time.

A Delaware corporation may opt out of this provision by express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws approved by its stockholders. However, we have not opted out of this provision.

These and other provisions in our Restated Certificate, Restated Bylaws and in Delaware law could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by our then-current board of directors, including to delay or impede a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. The existence of these provisions could negatively affect the price of our common stock and limit opportunities for you to realize value in a corporate transaction.

Our Restated Certificate provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our Restated Certificate provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of

 

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fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our Restated Certificate or our Restated Bylaws or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we might incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds to us from this offering and may not use them effectively.

We cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds that we will receive from this offering, but we currently expect such uses will include continued investment in developing technology to support our growth, increased investment in our sales team and marketing activities, as well as overall growth in our international operations. We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds to us, including working capital, possible acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and we may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our stockholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our investors.

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution.

If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution assuming an offering price of $24.86 per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market Select on April 7, 2017, because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value per share of the common stock that you acquire. You will experience additional dilution upon exercise of options to purchase common stock under our equity incentive plans, upon vesting of options to purchase common stock under our equity incentive plans, if we issue restricted stock to our employees under our equity incentive plans or if we otherwise issue additional shares of our common stock.

 

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INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, customer lifetime value, strategy and plans, market size and opportunity, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, our expectations for future operations and our pending transaction for Trade Extensions TradeExt AB, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “design,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “would” or the negative version of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, strategy, short- and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed and incorporated by reference in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, except as required by law, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the documents that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the registration statement or the documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

 

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MARKET, INDUSTRY AND OTHER DATA

We obtained the industry, market and competitive position data used throughout this prospectus and the information incorporated by reference from our own internal estimates and research, as well as from industry and general publications, in addition to research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Internal estimates are derived from publicly-available information released by industry analysts and third-party sources, our internal research and our industry experience, and are based on assumptions made by us based on such data and our knowledge of our industry and market, which we believe to be reasonable. In addition, while we believe the industry, market and competitive position data included in this prospectus and the information incorporated by reference is reliable and is based on reasonable assumptions, such data involves risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

Information based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research, or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties, and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which data is derived.

Certain information in this prospectus is contained in independent industry publications. The source of these independent industry publications is provided below:

 

  1) International Data Corporation, Worldwide Semiannual Software Tracker, 2016H1 Forecast Release, published November 11, 2016.

 

  2) Technavio market research sourced from ISI Securities EMIS, Global SaaS-based Expense Management Market, December 2013.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $2.3 million, or $15.5 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming an offering price of $24.86 per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market Select on April 7, 2017. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, increase our public float, increase our visibility in the marketplace and facilitate an orderly distribution of shares for the selling stockholders. We expect to use the net proceeds to us from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which we currently expect will include continued investment in developing technology to support our growth, increased investment in our sales team and marketing activities, as well as overall growth in our international operations. However, we do not currently have specific planned uses for the proceeds. We may also use a portion of our net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary products, technologies, or businesses; however, other than our Share Purchase Agreement dated April 7, 2017 to purchase substantially all of the issued and outstanding capital stock held by shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB, we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transactions. As of the date hereof, we have sufficient cash on hand to complete our transaction with the shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB without using the net proceeds from this offering.

Since we expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering. As of the date of this prospectus, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term interest-bearing investment-grade securities, certificates of deposit or government securities.

MARKET PRICE OF COMMON STOCK

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “COUP” since October 6, 2016. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market:

 

     High      Low  

Year ended January 31, 2017

     

Fourth quarter

   $ 32.96      $ 23.52  

Third quarter (beginning October 6, 2016)

   $ 41.61      $ 24.70  

Year ending January 31, 2018

     

First quarter (through April 7, 2017)

   $ 29.25      $ 22.50  

On April 7, 2017, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $24.86 per share. As of January 31, 2017, we had 351 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors subject to applicable laws and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions and capital requirements. Our future ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock may also be limited by the terms of any future debt or preferred securities or future credit facility.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of January 31, 2017:

 

    on an actual basis; and

 

    on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale and issuance of (i) 91,535 shares of our common stock by us in this offering, based upon the receipt by us of the estimated net proceeds from this offering at the assumed public offering price of $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and the application of the net proceeds from this offering as described in “Use of Proceeds,” and (ii) the issuance of 244,387 shares of common stock to certain selling stockholders upon the exercise of options in order to sell those shares in this offering.

You should read this information together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

 

     As of January 31, 2017  
     Actual     As Adjusted  
     (in thousands, except for
share and per share
amounts)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 201,721     $ 204,056  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, actual; 25,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

   $     $  

Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 625,000,000 shares authorized, 50,251,541 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 625,000,000 shares authorized,             shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

     5       5  

Additional paid-in capital

     334,363       336,698  

Accumulated deficit

     (160,476     (160,476
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     173,892       176,227  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total capitalization

   $ 173,892     $ 176,227  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 50,251,541 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2017 and 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering, and excludes the following:

 

    12,772,015 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of January 31, 2017, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.60 per share (other than 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering);

 

    406,686 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options granted after January 31, 2017, with a weighted average exercise price of $23.84 per share;

 

    77,883 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units outstanding as of January 31, 2017;

 

    1,503,179 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units granted after January 31, 2017;

 

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    5,371,908 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of 4,553,158 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 818,750 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

 

    2,512,577 shares of common stock that were added to the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 502,515 shares of common stock that were added to the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan on February 1, 2017 pursuant to the stockholder approved terms of such plans; and

 

    shares of common stock with an aggregate market value of $4 million to be issued to the shareholders of Trade Extensions TradeExt AB at the closing of our transaction with them.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the assumed public offering price per share and as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering.

Historical net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less our liabilities divided by the total number of common shares outstanding. As of January 31, 2017, our historical net tangible book value was approximately $152.1 million, or $3.03 per share.

After giving effect to (i) receipt of the net proceeds of our sale of 91,535 shares of common stock at an assumed public offering price of $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, and (ii) the issuance of 244,387 shares of common stock to certain stockholders upon the exercise of options in order to sell those shares in this offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of January 31, 2017 would have been approximately $154.5 million, or $3.05 per share. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $0.02 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $21.81 per share to investors purchasing common stock in this offering.

The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors on a per share basis:

 

Assumed public offering price per share

      $ 24.86  

Net tangible book value per share as of January 31, 2017

   $ 3.03     

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors in this offering

     0.02     
  

 

 

    

As adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering

        3.05  
     

 

 

 

Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering

      $ 21.81  
     

 

 

 

If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full, the as adjusted net tangible book value would be $3.28 per share and the dilution to new investors participating in this offering would be $21.58 per share.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017, would not increase (decrease) the as adjusted net tangible book value per share and would increase (decrease) the dilution per share to new investors by $1.00 per share, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase of 50,000 shares in the number of shares we are offering would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $1.2 million, or $0.02 per share, and the dilution per share to investors in this offering by $0.02 per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. A decrease of 50,000 shares in the number of shares we are offering would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $1.2 million, or $0.02 per share, and the dilution per share to investors in this offering by $0.02 per share, assuming that the assumed $24.86 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 7, 2017, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual public offering price, number of shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

 

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See “Prospectus Summary—The Offering” for a description of those shares that are or are not reflected in the foregoing tables or discussion.

To the extent that any outstanding options are exercised, the RSUs are settled or new awards are granted under our equity compensation plans, new investors will experience further dilution.

 

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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 20, 2017, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of common stock offered by us and the selling stockholders in this offering, for:

 

    each of our named executive officers;

 

    each of our directors;

 

    all of our executive officers and directors as a group;

 

    each stockholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock; and

 

    all other selling stockholders.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as indicated in the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.

 

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Applicable percentage ownership is based on 50,486,042 shares of common stock outstanding at March 20, 2017. For purposes of computing percentage ownership after this offering, we have assumed that (i) 91,535 shares of common stock will be issued by us in this offering; (ii) 3,608,465 shares of our common stock will be sold in this offering by the selling stockholders, including 244,387 shares to be sold in this offering by certain selling stockholders upon the exercise of options; and (iii) that the underwriters will not exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full. In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by a person or entity and the percentage ownership of that person or entity, we deemed to be outstanding all shares of common stock subject to options held by that person or entity that are currently exercisable or that will become exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person or entity. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Coupa Software Incorporated, 1855 S. Grant Street, San Mateo, CA 94402.

 

     Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Before this
Offering
    Number of
Shares
Being Offered
     Shares
Beneficially Owned
After this Offering
 

Name of Beneficial Owner

   Shares      %        Shares      %  

Named Executive Officers and Directors:

             

Robert Bernshteyn (1)

     2,628,856        5.0     406,823        2,222,033        4.2

Steven Winter (2)

     545,760        1.1            545,760        1.1

Todd Ford (3)

     282,893        *       84,240        198,653        *  

Neeraj Agrawal (4)

     6,869,220        13.6            6,869,220        13.5

Charles Beeler (5)

     5,649,546        11.2     1,100,000        4,549,546        9.0

Roger Siboni (6)

     257,771        *       25,777        231,994        0.5

Leslie Campbell (7)

     181,325        *       18,133        163,192        *  

Tayloe Stansbury (8)

     171,847        *       17,185        154,662        *  

Scott Thompson (9)

     171,847        *       17,185        154,662        *  

Frank van Veenendaal (10)

     171,847        *       15,000        156,847        *  

All Executive Officers and Directors as a Group (11 persons) (11)

     17,317,873        32.1     1,684,343        15,633,530        28.9

5% Stockholders:

             

Battery Ventures VIII, L.P. (12)

     6,869,220        13.6            6,869,220        13.5

Entities affiliated with BlueRun Ventures, L.P. (13)

     5,190,438        10.3     829,685        4,360,753        8.6

Entities affiliated with Crosslink Ventures (14)

     4,511,391        8.9     494,437        4,016,954        7.9

Entities affiliated with El Dorado Ventures (15)

     5,347,891        10.6     1,041,266        4,306,625        8.5

MDV IX, L.P. as nominee for MDV IX, L.P. and MDV ENF IX, L.P. (16)

     6,648,700        13.2     500,000        6,148,700        12.1

Other Selling Stockholders:

             

Thomas Aitchison (17)

     397,484        *       100,000        297,484        *  

Entities affiliated with Rally Ventures (18)

     301,655        *       58,734        242,921        *  

 

* Less than 1 percent.

 

(1) Consists of (i) 854,277 shares of common stock held by Mr. Bernshteyn, all of which are vested, and (ii) 1,774,579 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Bernshteyn pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, of which 1,597,547 of the shares would be vested as of such date. In the aggregate, including the shares described in the foregoing sentence, prior to the offering Mr. Bernshteyn holds (i) 854,277 shares of common stock, (ii) outstanding options to purchase 3,136,306 shares of common stock and (iii) 77,646 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units.

 

(2) Consists of (i) 1,633 shares of common stock held by Mr. Winter, all of which are vested, (ii) 136,031 shares of common stock issued to Mr. Winter pursuant to options that were early exercised, all of which would be unvested within 60 days of March 20, 2017 and are subject to our right of repurchase, and (iii) 408,096 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Winter pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, none of which would be vested as of such date.

 

(3)

Consists of (i) 1,327 shares of common stock held by Mr. Ford, all of which are vested, and (ii) 281,566 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Ford pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, all of which would be vested as of such date. In the aggregate, including the shares described in the foregoing sentence, prior to the offering Mr. Ford holds (i) 1,327

 

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  shares of common stock, (ii) outstanding options to purchase 797,359 shares of common stock and (iii) 43,718 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units.

 

(4) Consists of 6,869,220 shares of common stock held by Battery Ventures VIII, L.P. (“Battery Ventures VIII”). Battery Partners VIII, LLC (“BP VIII”) is the sole general partner of Battery Ventures VIII. BP VIII’s investment adviser is Battery Management Corp. (together with BP VIII, the “Battery Companies”). Mr. Agrawal, a member of our board of directors, is a managing member and officer of the Battery Companies, and may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares directly held by Battery Ventures VIII.

 

(5) Consists of (i) 161,898 shares of common stock held by El Dorado Technology ‘05 L.P. (“EDT”), (ii) 5,185,993 shares of common stock held by El Dorado Ventures VII L.P. (“EDV”), (iii) 70,122 shares of common stock held by Rally Technology Partners Fund I, L.P. (“RTPF”), and (iv) 231,533 shares of common stock held by Rally Ventures Fund I, L.P. (“RVF”). Mr. Beeler, a member of our board of directors, is (a) a Managing Member at El Dorado Venture Partners VI, LLC, the general partner of EDT and EDV, and has shared voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares directly held by EDT and EDV, and (b) a Managing Member at Rally Ventures GP I, LLC, the general partner of RTPF and RVF, and has shared voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares directly held by RTPF and RVF.

 

(6) Consists of 257,771 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Siboni pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, of which 173,559 of the shares would be vested as of such date.

 

(7) Consists of (i) 50,000 shares of common stock held by Ms. Campbell, all of which are vested, and (ii) 131,325 shares of common stock issuable to Ms. Campbell pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, of which 55,404 of the shares would be vested as of such date.

 

(8) Consists of 171,847 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Stansbury pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, of which 95,470 of the shares would be vested as of such date.

 

(9) Consists of 171,847 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Thompson pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, of which 138,200 of the shares would be vested as of such date.

 

(10) Consists of (i) 171,847 shares of common stock issued to Mr. van Veenendaal pursuant to options that were early exercised, of which 90,698 of the shares would be unvested within 60 days of March 20, 2017 and are subject to our right of repurchase, (ii) 18,750 shares of common stock held by Frank van Veenendaal 2016 Grantor Retained Annuity Trust, and (iii) 18,750 shares of common stock held by Leslie van Veenendaal 2016 Grantor Retained Annuity Trust.

 

(11) Includes 17,317,873 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017 held by 11 executive officers and directors as a group who, as a group, beneficially own 32.1% of the outstanding common stock.

 

(12) Consists of 6,869,220 shares of common stock held by Battery Ventures VIII. Neeraj Agrawal, Michael M. Brown, Thomas J. Crotty, Richard D. Frisbie, Kenneth P. Lawler, R. David Tabors, Scott R. Tobin and Roger H. Lee are the managing members and officers of the Battery Companies and may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by Battery Ventures VIII. The address of each of the entities identified in this footnote is One Marina Park Drive, Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02210.

 

(13) Consists of (i) 5,129,188 shares of common stock held by BlueRun Ventures, L.P. (“BRV”) and (ii) 61,250 shares of common stock held by BRV Opportunities Fund, L.P. (“BRVOF”). The general partner of BRV is BRV Partners, L.L.C. (“BRV GP”). The general partner of BRVOF is BRV Opportunities Fund GP, LLC (“BRVOF GP”). John Malloy and Jonathan Ebinger are the managing members of each of BRV GP and BRVOF GP. These individuals share voting and investment power over the shares held by BRV and BRVOF. The address of each of the entities identified in this footnote is 545 Middlefield Road, Suite 250, Menlo Park, CA 94025.

 

(14) Consists of (i) 2,122,889 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Ventures VI, L.P. (“CV VI”), (ii) 588,155 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Ventures VI-B, L.P. (“CV VI-B”), (iii) 62,177 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Bayview VI, LLC (“CB VI”), (iv) 1,552,217 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Crossover Fund VI, L.P. (“CCF VI”) (v) 27,691 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Crossover Fund VII-A, L.P. (“CCF VII-A”), (vi) 983 shares of common stock held by Crosslink Crossover Fund VII-B, L.P. (“CCF VII-B”), and (vii) 157,279 shares of common stock held by Offshore Crosslink Ventures VI Unit Trust (“OCV”). Crosslink Capital, Inc. (“Crosslink Capital”) serves as the investment advisor of CV VI, CV VI-B, CB VI, CCF VI, CCF VII-A, CCF VII-B, and OCV and has shared voting and investment control over the shares owned by such entities and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned by such entities. Crosslink Ventures VI Holdings, L.L.C. (“CV VI Holdings”) serves as the general partner of CV VI, CV VI-B, and OCV and has shared voting and investment control with Crosslink Capital over the shares owned such entities, and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned by such entities. Crossover Fund VII Management, L.L.C. serves as the general partner of CCF VII-A and CCF VII-B and has shared voting and investment control with Crosslink Capital over the shares owned such entities, and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned by such entities. Crossover Fund VI Management, L.L.C. serves as the general partner of CCF VI and has shared voting and investment control with Crosslink Capital over the shares owned such entities, and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned by such entities. Michael J. Stark is the control person of Crosslink Capital. In that capacity, he shares voting and dispositive power over the shares held by CV VI, CV VI-B, CB VI, CCF VI, CCF VII-A, CCF VII-B, and OCV, and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by such entities. The address for Crosslink Capital and its affiliated entities is Two Embarcadero Center, Suite 2200, San Francisco, CA 94111.

 

(15)

Consists of (i) 161,898 shares of common stock held by EDT, and (ii) 5,185,993 shares of common stock held by EDV. The general partner of EDT and EDV is El Dorado Venture Partners VII, LLC (“EDVP”). Charles D. Beeler, Thomas H. Peterson

 

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  and M. Scott Irwin are the managing members of EDVP. These individuals share voting and investment power over the shares owned by EDT and EDV. The address for EDT and EDV and their affiliated entities is 702 Oak Grove Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025.

 

(16) Consists of 6,648,700 shares of common stock issuable to MDV IX, L.P. as nominee for MDV IX, L.P. and MDV ENF IX, L.P. (“MDV IX”) upon the deemed conversion of shares of our preferred stock. The general partner of MDV IX is Ninth MDV Partners, L.L.C. (“Ninth MDV”). Jonathan D. Fieber and William Ericson are managing members of Ninth MDV. These individuals share voting and investment power over the shares held by MDV IX. The address of each of the entities identified in this footnote is 3000 Sand Hill Road, Bldg. 3, Suite 290, Menlo Park, CA 94025.

 

(17) Consists of 397,484 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Aitchison pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2017, all of which shares are vested.

 

(18) Consists of (i) 70,122 shares of common stock held by RTPF, and (ii) 231,533 shares of common stock held by RVF. The general partner of RTPF and RVF is Rally Ventures GP I, LLC (“RVGP”). Charles Beeler and Jeffrey Hinck are the managing members of RVGP. These individuals share voting and investment power over the shares owned by RTPF and RVF. The address for RTPF and RVF and their affiliated entities is 702 Oak Grove Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options or vesting of restricted stock units, in the public market following this offering or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

Following this offering, we will have outstanding 50,587,463 shares of our common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding as of January 31, 2017. This includes 3,700,000 shares of common stock that we and the selling stockholders are selling in this offering, which shares may be resold in the public market immediately unless purchased by our affiliates, and assumes no additional exercise of outstanding options other than as described elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, the shares sold in our initial public offering are freely tradable.

Of the remaining shares of common stock that are not sold in this offering, approximately 22.0 million shares will be “restricted securities,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. These restricted securities are eligible for public sale only if they are registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarized below.

Rule 144

The shares of our common stock sold in this offering will generally be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. However, shares of our common stock held by an “affiliate” of ours and not being sold in this offering may not be resold publicly except in compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or under an exemption under Rule 144 or otherwise. Rule 144 permits our common stock that has been acquired by a person who is an affiliate of ours, or has been an affiliate of ours within the past three months, to be sold into the market in an amount that does not exceed, during any three-month period, the greater of:

 

    1% of the number of common shares then outstanding, which will equal approximately 505,874 shares immediately after this offering assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, based on the number of common shares outstanding as of January 31, 2017 and 244,387 shares to be issued upon exercise of options to purchase common stock by certain selling stockholders and sold in this offering; or

 

    the average weekly trading volume of our common shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.

Such sales are also subject to specific manner of sale provisions, a six-month holding period requirement, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.

Rule 144 also provides that a person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has for at least six months beneficially owned shares of our common stock that are proposed to be sold and are restricted securities (including the holding period of any prior owner other than an affiliate), will be entitled to freely sell such shares of our common stock subject only to the availability of current public information regarding us. A person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned for at least one year shares of our common stock that are restricted securities (including the holding period of any prior owner other than an affiliate), will be entitled to freely sell such shares of our common stock under Rule 144 without regard to the current public information requirements of Rule 144. To the extent that our affiliates sell their shares, other than pursuant to Rule 144 or a registration statement, the purchaser’s holding period for the purpose of affecting a sale under Rule 144 commences on the date of transfer from the affiliate.

 

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Rule 701

Rule 701 generally allows a stockholder who purchased shares of our capital stock pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract and who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of our company during the immediately preceding 90 days to sell these shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without being required to comply with the public information, holding period, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Rule 701 also permits affiliates of our company to sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirements of Rule 144.

Lock-Up Agreements

In connection with this offering, we, all directors and executive officers, substantially all of the selling stockholders and certain other holders of our common stock have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock or enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 90 days, with respect to 75% of their shares, and 60 days, with respect to 25% of their shares, after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. These agreements are subject to certain exceptions, as set forth in “Underwriters.”

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

Certain of our executive officers have adopted, and other executive officers and directors may in the future adopt, written plans, known as “Rule 10b5-1 trading plans,” under which they have contracted, or may in the future contract, with a broker to buy or sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis to diversify their assets and investments. Under these 10b5-1 trading plans, a broker may execute trades pursuant to parameters established by the executive officer or director when entering into the plan, without further direction from such officer or director. Sales of shares covered by Rule 10b5-1 trading plans as of the date of this prospectus are not subject to the lock-up agreements entered into in connection with this offering.

Registration Rights

Upon completion of this offering, the holders of 17,567,466 shares of our common stock will be entitled to rights with respect to the registration of the sale of such shares of common stock under the Securities Act. Shares held by our executive officers, directors, substantially all of the selling stockholders who participate in the offering and certain other holders of our common stock are covered by lock-up agreements. Following the expiration of the lock-up period, registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in the shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration.

 

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF COMMON STOCK

The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations with respect to the ownership and disposition of shares of common stock acquired in this offering by non-U.S. holders who hold such shares as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), (generally, property held for investment). For purposes of this discussion, a “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock (other than an entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any of the following:

 

    a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

    a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

    an estate, the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

 

    a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more “U.S. persons,” as defined under the Code, have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) such trust has made a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

This discussion is based on current provisions of the Code, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Treasury Regulations”), judicial opinions, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service and other applicable authorities, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular non-U.S. holder in light of that non-U.S. holder’s individual circumstances, nor does it address any aspects of the unearned income Medicare contribution tax pursuant to the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, any U.S. federal estate and gift taxes, any U.S. alternative minimum taxes or any state, local or non-U.S. taxes. This discussion may not apply, in whole or in part, to particular non-U.S. holders in light of their individual circumstances or to holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws (such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, brokers or dealers in securities, “controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” non-U.S. holders that hold our common stock as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated investment and certain U.S. expatriates).

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner therein will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of a partnership holding our common stock should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to them.

THIS SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS RELATING TO THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK. PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS OF OUR COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM (INCLUDING THE APPLICATION AND EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX LAWS) OF THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK.

 

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Dividends

We have no present intention to make distributions on our common stock. In general, the gross amount of any distribution we make to a non-U.S. holder with respect to its shares of common stock will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% to the extent the distribution constitutes a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes, unless the non-U.S. holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and the non-U.S. holder provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate. A distribution will constitute a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent any distribution does not constitute a dividend, it will be treated first as reducing the adjusted basis in the non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock and then, to the extent it exceeds the adjusted basis in the non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock, as gain from the sale or exchange of such stock. Any such gain will be subject to the treatment described below under “Gain on Sale or Other Disposition of Common Stock.”

Dividends we pay to a non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable tax treaty, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of such non-U.S. holder) will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax, as described above, if the non-U.S. holder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements. Instead, such dividends generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis, at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. Dividends received by a foreign corporation that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business within the United States may be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty).

Gain on Sale or Other Disposition of Common Stock

In general, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of the non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock unless:

 

    the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business carried on by the non-U.S. holder within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of such non-U.S. holder);

 

    the non-U.S. holder is an individual and is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and certain other conditions are met; or

 

    we are or have been a U.S. real property holding corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding such disposition or such non-U.S. holder’s holding period of our common stock, and, provided that our common stock is regularly traded in an established securities market within the meaning of applicable Treasury Regulations, the non-U.S. holder has held, directly or constructively, at any time during said period, more than 5% of our common stock.

Gain that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States (or so treated) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income tax basis, at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. If the non-U.S. holder is a foreign corporation, the branch profits tax described above also may apply to such effectively connected gain. An individual non-U.S. holder who is subject to U.S. federal income tax because the non-U.S. holder was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the year of sale or other disposition of our common stock will be subject to a flat 30% tax on the gain derived from such sale or other disposition, which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses. We believe that we are not and we do not anticipate becoming a U.S. real property holding corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

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Withholdable Payments to Foreign Financial Entities and Other Foreign Entities

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA, imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on certain payments to foreign financial institutions, investment funds and certain other non-U.S. persons that fail to comply with certain information reporting and certification requirements pertaining to their direct and indirect U.S. security holders and/or U.S. accountholders. Such payments include dividends on and (to the extent described below) the gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our common stock. Under applicable Treasury Regulations and Internal Revenue Service guidance, this withholding currently applies to payments of dividends, if any, on our common stock and will apply to payments of gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our common stock made on or after January 1, 2019. An intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign country may modify the requirements described in this paragraph. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this legislation on their investment in our common stock.

Backup Withholding, Information Reporting and Other Reporting Requirements

We must report annually to the Internal Revenue Service and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of dividends paid to, and the tax withheld with respect to, each non-U.S. holder. These reporting requirements apply regardless of whether withholding was reduced or eliminated by an applicable income tax treaty. Copies of this information reporting may also be made available under the provisions of a specific income tax treaty or agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is established.

A non-U.S. holder will generally be subject to backup withholding for dividends on our common stock paid to such holder unless such holder certifies under penalties of perjury that, among other things, it is a non-U.S. holder (provided that the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a U.S. person) or otherwise establishes an exemption.

Information reporting and backup withholding generally are not required with respect to the amount of any proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our common stock by a non-U.S. holder outside the United States through a foreign office of a foreign broker that does not have certain specified connections to the United States. However, if a non-U.S. holder sells or otherwise disposes of its shares of common stock through a U.S. broker or the U.S. offices of a foreign broker, the broker will generally be required to report the amount of proceeds paid to the non-U.S. holder to the Internal Revenue Service and also backup withhold on that amount unless such non-U.S. holder provides appropriate certification to the broker of its status as a non-U.S. person (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a U.S. person) or otherwise establishes an exemption. Information reporting will also apply if a non-U.S. holder sells its shares of common stock through a foreign broker deriving more than a specified percentage of its income from U.S. sources or having certain other connections to the United States, unless such broker has documentary evidence in its records that such non-U.S. holder is a non-U.S. person (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a U.S. person) and certain other conditions are met, or such non-U.S. holder otherwise establishes an exemption.

Backup withholding is not an additional income tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a non-U.S. holder generally can be credited against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or refunded, provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service in a timely manner. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them.

 

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UNDERWRITERS

Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Barclays Capital Inc. are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholders have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares indicated below:

 

Name

   Number of
Shares
 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

  

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

  

Barclays Capital Inc.

  

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

  

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

  

JMP Securities LLC

  

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

  

BTIG, LLC

  
  

 

 

 
  
  

 

 

 

The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the “underwriters” and the “representatives,” respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares described below.

The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common stock directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $         a share under the public offering price. After the offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives. Sales of common stock made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters.

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 555,000 additional shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.

 

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The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us and the selling stockholders. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional 555,000 shares of common stock.

 

            Total  
     Per Share      No Exercise      Full Exercise  

Public offering price

   $                   $                   $               

Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by:

        

Us

        

The selling stockholders

        

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

        

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholders

        

The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $793,000. We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for their expenses, up to $50,000, relating to clearance of this offering with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock offered by them.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “COUP.”

In connection with this offering, we, all directors and executive officers, the selling stockholders (other than a former employee) and certain other holders of our common stock, including Battery Ventures VIII, L.P., which beneficially owns 6,869,220 shares of our common stock, and Meritech Capital Partners IV L.P., which beneficially owns 1,854,140 shares of our common stock, agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the period ending 90 days after the date of this offering (the “restricted period”):

 

    offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of common stock;

 

    file any registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the offering of any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock; or

 

    enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common stock

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, we and each such person agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, on behalf of the underwriters, we or such other person will not, during the restricted period, make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock.

The restrictions in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply in certain circumstances, including:

 

  i. the sale of shares to the underwriters;

 

  ii.

the sale of shares by any of our directors and executive officers, the selling stockholders or certain other holders of our stock that (A) takes place after the period ending 60 days after the date of

 

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  this offering and (B) is of an amount equal to or less than 25% of such holders’ aggregate holdings of our common stock;

 

  iii. the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock upon the exercise of an option or a warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date of this prospectus of which the underwriters have been advised in writing;

 

  iv. the issuance by the Company of any Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to any incentive plan or stock ownership plan in effect on the date of this prospectus and described herein;

 

  v. the filing by the Company of a registration statement with the Commission on Form S-8 in respect of any common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock issued under or the grant of any award pursuant to an employee benefit plan in effect on the date of this prospectus and described herein;

 

  vi. transactions by a selling stockholder or certain other holders of our stock relating to shares of common stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the offering of the shares, provided that no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with subsequent sales of common stock or other securities acquired in such open market transactions;

 

  vii. transfers by a selling stockholder of shares of common stock or any security convertible into common stock as a bona fide gift;

 

  viii. distributions by a selling stockholder or certain other holders of our stock of shares of common stock or any security convertible into common stock to limited partners or stockholders of the selling stockholder; provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (vii) or (viii), (A) each donee or distributee shall enter into a written agreement accepting the restrictions set forth in the preceding paragraph and this paragraph as if it were a selling stockholder and (B) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of common stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in respect of the transfer or distribution during the restricted period;

 

  ix. transfers by certain of our stockholders of shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock (A) as a bona fide gift or charitable contribution, (B) to an immediate family member or a trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or such immediate family member of the undersigned, (C) to any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, investment fund or other entity controlled or managed, or under common control or management by the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, (D) by will, other testamentary document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned, or (E) transfers or distributions of shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock by a stockholder that is a trust to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust; provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to this clause (ix), (1) each distributee or transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form satisfactory to the representatives and (2) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of common stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the restricted period;

 

  x.

the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of common stock, provided that (A) such plan does not provide for the transfer of common stock during the restricted period and (B) to the extent a public announcement or

 

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  filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the selling stockholder or the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of common stock may be made under such plan during the restricted period; and the sale of shares of common stock pursuant to a 10b5-1 trading plan, provided that such plan was established prior to the execution of the lock-up agreement by the stockholder and that any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act that is made in connection with any such sales during the restricted period shall state that such sales have been executed under a 10b5-1 trading plan and shall also state the date such plan was adopted;

 

  xi. (A) the receipt by the certain of our stockholders from the Company of shares of common stock upon (1) the exercise or settlement of options or restricted stock units granted under a stock incentive plan or other equity award plan, which plan is described herein or (2) the exercise of warrants outstanding and which are described herein or (B) the transfer of shares of common stock or any securities convertible into common stock to the Company upon a vesting or settlement event of the Company’s securities or upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase the Company’s securities on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis to the extent permitted by the instruments representing such options or warrants (and any transfer to the Company necessary to generate such amount of cash needed for the payment of taxes, including estimated taxes, due as a result of such vesting or exercise whether by means of a “net settlement” or otherwise) so long as such “cashless exercise” or “net exercise” is effected solely by the surrender of outstanding options or warrants (or the common stock issuable upon the exercise thereof) to the Company and the Company’s cancellation of all or a portion thereof to pay the exercise price and/or withholding tax and remittance obligations, provided that in the case of (A) the shares received upon exercise or settlement of the option, restricted stock unit, or warrant are subject to the terms of this letter, and provided further that in the case of (A) or (B), no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, or any other public filing or disclosure of such receipt or transfer, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned;

 

  xii. the transfer by certain of our stockholders of shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock to the Company pursuant to agreements under which the Company has the option to repurchase such shares or a right of first refusal with respect to transfers of such shares;

 

  xiii. the transfer by certain of our stockholders of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock that occurs pursuant to a qualified domestic order, in connection with a divorce settlement, provided that each transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in a form satisfactory to the representatives and no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned during the restricted period, unless such filing clearly indicates in the footnotes thereto that such transfer occurred by operation of law, pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement;

 

  xiv.

the transfer of certain of our stockholders’ Common Stock pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of common stock involving a “change of control” (as defined below) of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company; provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the undersigned’s common stock shall remain subject to these restrictions. For purposes of this clause (xiv), “change of control” means the consummation of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules

 

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  13d-3 and 13d-5 of the Exchange Act) of 50% of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company;

 

  xv. the sale of shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units held by the stockholder that are vested and settled to satisfy income tax withholding and remittance obligations in connection with the vesting of such restricted stock units that are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus and described herein; provided that any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act required in connection therewith indicates that such transfer is to satisfy income tax withholding and remittance obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units; and

 

  xvi. the sale or issuance of or entry into an agreement to sell or issue common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock in connection with one or more acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies, joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic corporate transactions; provided that the aggregate amounts of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock (on an as-converted, as-exercised or as-exchanged basis) that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock of the Company issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of the transactions contemplated by the underwriting agreement determined on a fully-diluted basis, and provided further that each recipient of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock pursuant to this clause (xv) shall execute a lock-up agreement substantially in a form satisfactory to the representatives with respect to the remaining portion of the restricted period.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, in its sole discretion, may release the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time.

In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the option to purchase additional shares described above. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising such option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares compared to the price available under such option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of such option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase shares of common stock in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of the common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.

We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage

 

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account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

Other Relationships

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates may in the future perform various financial advisory and investment banking services for us, for which they will receive customary fees and expenses. In particular, all of the underwriters in this offering were underwriters in our initial public offering except Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and BTIG, LLC.

In addition, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investment and securities activities may involve our securities and instruments. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Selling Restrictions

European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”), an offer to the public of any shares of our common stock may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any shares of our common stock may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

 

  (i) to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;

 

  (ii) to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or

 

  (iii) in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of shares of our common stock shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any shares of our common stock in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of our common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares of our common stock. As the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State) and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State and the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.

 

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United Kingdom

Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:

 

  (a) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, or FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of our common stock in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and

 

  (b) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares of our common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

Switzerland

The shares of common stock may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange, or SIX, or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, us, or the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA, or FINMA, and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes, or CISA. The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.

Dubai International Financial Centre

This prospectus relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority, or DFSA. This prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for the prospectus. The shares to which this prospectus relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.

Australia

No placement document, prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document has been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, or ASIC, in relation to the offering. This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act 2001, or the Corporations Act, and does not purport to include the information required for a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act.

Any offer in Australia of the shares may only be made to persons, or the Exempt Investors, who are “sophisticated investors” (within the meaning of section 708(8) of the Corporations Act), “professional

 

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investors” (within the meaning of section 708(11) of the Corporations Act) or otherwise pursuant to one or more exemptions contained in section 708 of the Corporations Act so that it is lawful to offer the shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act.

The shares applied for by Exempt Investors in Australia must not be offered for sale in Australia in the period of 12 months after the date of allotment under the offering, except in circumstances where disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act would not be required pursuant to an exemption under section 708 of the Corporations Act or otherwise or where the offer is pursuant to a disclosure document which complies with Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. Any person acquiring shares must observe such Australian on-sale restrictions.

This prospectus contains general information only and does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person. It does not contain any securities recommendations or financial product advice. Before making an investment decision, investors need to consider whether the information in this prospectus is appropriate for their needs, objectives and circumstances, and, if necessary, seek expert advice on those matters.

New Zealand

The shares of common stock offered hereby have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly in New Zealand and no offering materials or advertisements have been or will be distributed in relation to any offer of shares in New Zealand, in each case other than:

(a) to persons whose principal business is the investment of money or who, in the course of and for the purposes of their business, habitually invest money; or

(b) to persons who in all the circumstances can properly be regarded as having been selected otherwise than as members of the public; or

(c) to persons who are each required to pay a minimum subscription price of at least NZ$500,000 for the shares before the allotment of those shares (disregarding any amounts payable, or paid, out of money lent by the issuer or any associated person of the issuer); or

(d) in other circumstances where there is no contravention of the Securities Act 1978 of New Zealand (or any statutory modification or re-enactment of, or statutory substitution for, the Securities Act 1978 of New Zealand).

Canada

The shares of common stock may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations . Any resale of the shares of common stock must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 (or, in the case of securities issued or guaranteed by the government of a non-Canadian jurisdiction, section 3A.4) of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts ( NI 33-105 ),

 

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the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

Hong Kong

The shares of common stock have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares of common stock has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issuance, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares of common stock which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.

Japan

No registration pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended), or the FIEL, has been made or will be made with respect to the solicitation of the application for the acquisition of the shares of common stock.

Accordingly, the shares of common stock have not been, directly or indirectly, offered or sold and will not be, directly or indirectly, offered or sold in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan) or to others for re-offering or re-sale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements, and otherwise in compliance with, the FIEL and the other applicable laws and regulations of Japan.

For Qualified Institutional Investors, or QII

Please note that the solicitation for newly-issued or secondary securities (each as described in Paragraph 2, Article 4 of the FIEL) in relation to the shares of common stock constitutes either a “QII only private placement” or a “QII only secondary distribution” (each as described in Paragraph 1, Article 23-13 of the FIEL). Disclosure regarding any such solicitation, as is otherwise prescribed in Paragraph 1, Article 4 of the FIEL, has not been made in relation to the shares of common stock. The shares of common stock may only be transferred to QIIs.

For Non-QII Investors

Please note that the solicitation for newly-issued or secondary securities (each as described in Paragraph 2, Article 4 of the FIEL) in relation to the shares of common stock constitutes either a “small number private placement” or a “small number private secondary distribution” (each as is described in Paragraph 4, Article 23-13 of the FIEL). Disclosure regarding any such solicitation, as is otherwise prescribed in Paragraph 1, Article 4 of the FIEL, has not been made in relation to the shares of common stock. The shares of common stock may only be transferred en bloc without subdivision to a single investor.

Singapore

This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or

 

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invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares of common stock may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares of common stock be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore, or the SFA, (ii) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1), or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275, of the SFA, or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Where the shares of common stock are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

 

  (a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

 

  (b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) the sole purpose of which is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

securities (as defined in Section 239(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within nine months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares of common stock pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

 

  (a) to an institutional investor or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) or Section 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;

 

  (b) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;

 

  (c) where the transfer is by operation of law;

 

  (d) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or

 

  (e) as specified in Regulation 32 of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Shares and Debentures) Regulations 2005 of Singapore.

Chile

The shares of common stock are not registered in the Securities Registry (Registro de Valores) or subject to the control of the Chilean Securities and Exchange Commission (Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros de Chile). This prospectus supplement and other offering materials relating to the offer of the shares do not constitute a public offer of, or an invitation to subscribe for or purchase, the shares in the Republic of Chile, other than to individually identified purchasers pursuant to a private offering within the meaning of Article 4 of the Chilean Securities Market Act (Ley de Mercado de Valores) (an offer that is not “addressed to the public at large or to a certain sector or specific group of the public”).

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, Redwood City, California. Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, Menlo Park, California, is representing the underwriters in this offering.

EXPERTS

Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements and schedule included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2017, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements and schedule are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

We “incorporate by reference” certain documents we file with the SEC, which means that we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and any information contained in this prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or free writing prospectus provided to you in connection with this offering, or in any other document we subsequently file with the SEC that also is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies or supersedes the original statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to be a part of this prospectus.

The following documents filed with the SEC are hereby incorporated by reference in this prospectus:

 

    our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2017 (the “Form 10-K”);

 

    our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017 (with respect to Item 8.01 only) and April 7, 2017;

 

    the portions of our Proxy Statement pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for our 2017 annual meeting of stockholders, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2017, that are incorporated by reference in the Form 10-K; and

 

    the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-37901), filed with the SEC on September 29, 2016, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

All reports and other documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing of such reports and other documents.

Notwithstanding the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other information that we have “furnished” or may in the future “furnish” to the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act shall be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

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We hereby undertake to provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of any such person, a copy of any and all of the information that has been or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits have been specifically incorporated by reference thereto. Requests for such copies should be directed to our Investor Relations department, at the following address:

Coupa Software Incorporated

1855 S. Grant Street

San Mateo, CA 94402

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Please refer to the registration statement and exhibits for further information with respect to the common stock offered by this prospectus. Statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or other document are only summaries. With respect to any contract or document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, you should refer to the exhibit for a copy of the contract or document, and each statement in this prospectus regarding that contract or document is qualified by reference to the exhibit. You may read and copy the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules and documents incorporated by reference herein at the SEC’s public reference room, located at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, like us, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov. The information on the SEC’s web site is not part of this prospectus, and any references to this web site or any other web site are inactive textual references only.

We are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, in accordance with this law, we are required to file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above. We also maintain a website at www.coupa.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. Investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to purchase our common stock. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.

 

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LOGO

 

VALUE AS A SERVICE

coupa


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LOGO

 

 


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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the various expenses expected to be incurred and payable by us in connection with the sale and distribution of our common stock, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All amounts are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registration fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) filing fee.

 

     Payable
by us
 

SEC registration fee

   $ 11,897  

FINRA filing fee

     15,898  

Blue sky fees and expenses

     —    

Accounting fees and expenses

     175,000  

Legal fees and expenses

     475,000  

Printing and engraving expenses

     90,000  

Registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses

     5,000  

Miscellaneous fees and expenses

     20,205  
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 793,000  
  

 

 

 

Item 14.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. The terms of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law are sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.

As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions relating to the limitation of liability and indemnification of directors and officers. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability:

 

    for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

 

    for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

 

    in respect of unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

 

    for any transaction from which the director derives any improper personal benefit.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that if Delaware law is amended after the approval by our stockholders of the certificate of incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended, against all

 

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expenses and liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with their service for or on our behalf. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we shall advance the expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of an action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any director, officer, employee, or other enterprise agent for any liability arising out of his or her action in that capacity, whether or not Delaware law would otherwise permit indemnification.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers and certain other key employees. The indemnification agreements provide that we will indemnify each of our directors, executive officers and such other key employees against any and all expenses incurred by that director, executive officer, or other key employee because of his or her status as one of our directors, executive officers or other key employees, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws. In addition, the indemnification agreements provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, we will advance all expenses incurred by our directors, executive officers and other key employees in connection with a legal proceeding.

Reference is made to the underwriting agreement contained in Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement, indemnifying our directors and officers against limited liabilities. In addition, Section 1.9 of our amended and restated investors’ rights agreement, or IRA, contained in Exhibit 4.2 to this registration statement provides for indemnification of certain of our stockholders against liabilities described in our IRA.

We maintain insurance policies that indemnify our directors and officers against various liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that might be incurred by any director or officer in his or her capacity as such.

Item 15.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The following sets forth information regarding all unregistered securities sold during the three years preceding the filing of this registration statement:

 

    On December 30, 2016, we issued 150,545 shares of our common stock in connection with the acquisition of substantially all the assets of Spend360 International Limited. This transaction was exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation S promulgated thereunder.

 

    On November 1, 2016, we issued and sold an aggregate of 36,971 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.35 per share for a total of $50,000 upon the exercise of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. The shares of common stock were issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

 

    We have granted options to purchase 11,683,080 shares of our common stock to directors, officers, employees and consultants under our 2006 Stock Plan, with per share exercise prices ranging from $2.32 to $13.04.

 

    We have issued and sold an aggregate of 3,591,093 shares of our common stock upon exercise of options issued under our 2006 Stock Plan for aggregate consideration of approximately $6,421,472, with per share exercise prices ranging from $0.16 to $13.04.

 

    On May 26, 2015, we issued and sold an aggregate of 4,783,762 shares of our Series G preferred stock to 23 accredited investors at $16.7232 per share for an aggregate consideration of approximately $80,000,000.

 

    On April 1, 2015, we issued and sold 160,523 shares of our Series E preferred stock to one accredited investor, pursuant to a warrant exercise with a per share exercise price of $3.11.

 

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    From March 4, 2015 to June 11, 2015, we granted 65,000 shares of restricted stock units of our common stock to employees under our 2006 Stock Plan for aggregate consideration of approximately $335,000.

 

    From June 15, 2015 to December 2, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 314,386 shares of our common stock in connection with our acquisitions of certain companies or their assets and as consideration to individuals and entities who were former service providers and/or stockholders of such companies.

None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. We believe that the offers, sales and issuances of the above securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering, or in reliance on Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act because the transactions were pursuant to compensatory benefit plans or contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in these transactions. We believe all recipients had adequate information about us or had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us.

Item 16.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

    Exhibits.   We have filed the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

    Financial Statement Schedules.   The schedule included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2017 is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement.

Item 17.    Undertakings

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Mateo, State of California, on the 10th day of April, 2017.

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED
By:   /s/ Robert Bernshteyn
 

Robert Bernshteyn

Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Amendment No. 1 to registration statement has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Name

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Robert Bernshteyn

Robert Bernshteyn

  

Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

  April 10, 2017

*

Todd Ford

   Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   April 10, 2017

*

Neeraj Agrawal

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Charles Beeler

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Leslie Campbell

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Roger Siboni

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Tayloe Stansbury

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Scott Thompson

   Director   April 10, 2017

*

Frank van Veenendaal

   Director   April 10, 2017
*By:   /s/ Todd Ford
 

 

Attorney-in-Fact

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

     

Incorporated by Reference

   

Exhibit No.

 

Description

 

Form

 

File No.

 

Exhibit

 

Filing Date

 

Filed
Herewith

    1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement.           X
    3.1   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.   10-Q   001-37901   3.1   12/9/2016  
    3.2   Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant.   10-Q   001-37901   3.2   12/9/2016  
    4.1.1   Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated May 26, 2015, by and among the Registrant and the parties thereto.   S-1   333-213546   4.1   9/8/2016  
    4.1.2   Waiver of Notice and Registration Rights and Amendment to Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement.           X
    5.1   Opinion of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP.           X
  10.1   Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers.   S-1/A   333-213546   10.1   9/23/2016  
  10.2   2006 Stock Plan, as amended, and forms of agreements thereunder.   S-1/A   333-213546   10.2   9/23/2016  
  10.3   Registrant’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder.   S-1/A   333-213546   10.3   9/23/2016  
  10.4   Registrant’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of Participation Agreement thereunder.   S-1/A   333-213546   10.4   10/4/2016  
  10.5   Incentive Bonus Plan.   S-1   333-213546   10.12   9/8/2016  
  10.6   Offer Letter, dated May 19, 2016, and Severance and Change in Control Agreement, between the Registrant and Robert Bernshteyn.   S-1   333-213546   10.6   9/8/2016  
  10.7   Offer Letter, dated May 19, 2016, and Severance and Change in Control Agreement, between the Registrant and Todd Ford.   S-1   333-213546   10.8   9/8/2016  
  10.8   Offer Letter, dated May 19, 2016, and Severance and Change in Control Agreement, between the Registrant and Ravi Thakur.   S-1   333-213546   10.9   9/8/2016  
  10.9   Offer Letter, dated August 25, 2016, between the Registrant and Steven Winter.   S-1   333-213546   10.10   9/8/2016  
  10.10   Lease Agreement, dated March 20, 2014, among the Registrant and Crossroads Associates and Clocktower Associates, as amended.   S-1   333-213546   10.11   9/8/2016  
  10.11   Compensation Program for Non-Employee Directors.   S-1/A   333-213546   10.12   9/23/2016  


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Incorporated by Reference

   

Exhibit No.

 

Description

 

Form

 

File No.

 

Exhibit

 

Filing Date

 

Filed
Herewith

  21.1   List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.   S-1   333-213546   21.1   9/8/2016  
  23.1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.           X
  23.2   Consent of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).           X
  24.1   Power of Attorney.   S-1   333-217105   24.1   4/3/2017  

Exhibit 1.1

[ ] Shares

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.0001 PER SHARE

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

[●], 2017


[●], 2017

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Barclays Capital Inc.

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

 1585 Broadway

 New York, New York 10036

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

 383 Madison Avenue

 New York, New York 10179

c/o Barclays Capital Inc.

 745 Seventh Avenue

 New York, New York 10019

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Coupa Software Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “ Underwriters ”), for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“ Morgan Stanley ”), J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“ J.P. Morgan ”) and Barclays Capital Inc. (“ Barclays ”) are acting as representatives (the “ Representatives ”), and certain shareholders of the Company (the “ Selling Shareholders ”) named in Schedule II hereto severally propose to sell to the several Underwriters, an aggregate of [●] shares of the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “ Firm Shares ”), of which [●] shares are to be issued and sold by the Company and [●] shares are to be sold by the Selling Shareholders, each Selling Shareholder selling the amount set forth opposite such Selling Shareholder’s name in Schedule II hereto.

The Company also proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters not more than an additional [●] shares of its common stock, par value $[●] per share (the “ Additional Shares ”) if and to the extent that you, as Representatives of the offering, shall have determined to exercise, on behalf of the Underwriters, the right to purchase such shares of common stock granted to the Underwriters in Section 3 hereof. The Firm Shares and the Additional Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Shares .” The shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby are hereinafter referred to as the “ Common Stock .” The Company and the Selling Shareholders are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as the “ Sellers .”

The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) a registration statement on Form S-1 (file no. 333-217105), including a


prospectus, relating to the Shares. The registration statement as amended at the time it becomes effective, including the information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), is hereinafter referred to as the “ Registration Statement ”; the prospectus in the form first used to confirm sales of Shares (or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) is hereinafter referred to as the “ Prospectus .” If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement to register additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “ Rule  462 Registration Statement ”), then any reference herein to the term “ Registration Statement ” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement.

For purposes of this Agreement, “ free writing prospectus ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, “ Time of Sale Prospectus ” means the preliminary prospectus together with the documents and pricing information set forth in Schedule III hereto, and “ broadly available road show ” means a “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act that has been made available without restriction to any person. As used herein, the terms “Registration Statement,” “preliminary prospectus,” “Time of Sale Prospectus” and “Prospectus” shall include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein as of the date hereof.

1. Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company represents and warrants to and agrees with each of the Underwriters that:

(a) The Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose are pending before or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission.

(b) (i) Each document, if any, filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), and incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus complied when so filed in all material respects with the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (ii) the Registration Statement, when it became effective, did not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (iii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will comply, when filed, in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (iv) the Time of Sale Prospectus does not, and at the time of each sale of the Shares in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 5), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (v) each

 

2


broadly available road show, if any, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (vi) the Prospectus, as of its date and as of the Closing Date, does not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that the representations and warranties set forth in this paragraph do not apply to statements or omissions in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus based upon information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein.

(c) The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or, if filed after the effective date of this Agreement, will comply, when filed, in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule III hereto, and electronic road shows, if any, each furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without your prior consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

(d) The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(e) Each significant subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) of the Company has been duly incorporated, organized or formed, as applicable, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, organization or formation, has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification (to the extent such concepts are applicable under such laws), except to the

 

3


extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the issued shares of capital stock of each significant subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable (to the extent such concepts are applicable under such laws) and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims.

(f) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(g) At the Closing Date, the authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters to the description thereof contained in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(h) The shares of Common Stock (including the Shares to be sold by the Selling Shareholders) outstanding prior to the issuance of the Shares to be sold by the Company have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

(i) The Shares to be sold by the Company have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of such Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights that have not been validly waived.

(j) The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the performance by the Company of its obligations under, this Agreement will not contravene (i) any provision of applicable law, (ii) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or (iii) any agreement or other instrument binding upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iv) any judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, except that in the case of clauses (i), (iii) and (iv) above, where such contravention would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect (1) on the Company or any of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (2) on the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Time of Sale Prospectus, and no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement, except such as has previously been obtained and such as may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states or foreign jurisdictions or the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares.

(k) There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

 

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(l) There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (i) other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Time of Sale Prospectus and proceedings that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Time of Sale Prospectus or (ii) that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and are not so described in all material respects; and there are no statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described in all material respects or filed as required.

(m) Each preliminary prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, complied when so filed in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(n) The Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus will not be, required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(o) The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“ Environmental Laws ”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(p) There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(q) There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company or to require the Company to include such securities with the Shares registered

 

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pursuant to the Registration Statement, except as have been validly waived or complied with in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares contemplated hereby and as have been described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(r) (i) None of the Company or its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, or any director or officer thereof, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee, agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries, has taken any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office) (“ Government Official ”) in order to improperly influence official action, or to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries and controlled affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein and (iii) neither the Company nor its subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.

(s) The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “ Anti-Money Laundering Laws ”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(t) (i) None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any director, officer, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee, agent, controlled affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (“ Person ”) that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that are:

(A) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“ OFAC ”), the United Nations Security Council (“ UNSC ”), the European Union (“ EU ”), Her Majesty’s Treasury (“ HMT ”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “ Sanctions ”), or

(B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).

 

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(ii) The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

(A) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

(B) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

(iii) For the past 5 years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

(u) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction; (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding capital stock (except for acquisitions of capital stock by the Company pursuant to agreements that permit the Company to repurchase such shares upon the applicable party’s termination of service to the Company or in connection with the exercise of the Company’s right of first refusal upon a proposed transfer), nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends; and (iii) there has not been any material change in the capital stock (other than exercise or forfeiture of equity awards outstanding on such respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, in each case granted pursuant to equity compensation plans described in the Time of Sale Prospectus), short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except in each case as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, respectively.

(v) Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries own real property. The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have good and marketable title to all personal property (other than intellectual property, which is covered by Section 1(w) below) owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or such as do not materially diminish the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a

 

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whole; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are held by them under valid, subsisting and to the Company’s knowledge, enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(w) The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess or have the right to use, or can acquire on commercially reasonable terms, adequate rights to use all inventions, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, copyrights, licenses, technology, know-how, trade secrets and other intellectual property and proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures (including all registrations and applications by the Company and its subsidiaries for registration of, the foregoing) (collectively, “ Intellectual Property ”) necessary for or material to the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted by them, except where the failure to own, possess or acquire any of the foregoing would not reasonably be likely to result in a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. The conduct of the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property of others except as would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. There is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim (i) challenging the Company’s or any subsidiary of the Company’s rights in or to, or alleging the violation by the Company or any subsidiary of any of the terms of, any of their Intellectual Property; (ii) alleging that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated or conflicted with any Intellectual Property of any third party; or (iii) challenging the validity, scope or enforceability of any Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its subsidiaries. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to the knowledge of the Company, all Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its subsidiaries is owned solely by the Company or its subsidiaries, and is owned free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, and defects (except for non-exclusive licenses granted to third parties in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice). To the knowledge of the Company, no third party has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated any Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all Intellectual Property, the value of which to the Company or any of its subsidiaries is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof. All founders, current and former employees, contractors, consultants and other parties involved in the development of Intellectual Property for the Company or any subsidiary of the Company have signed confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with the Company or such subsidiary of the Company, as applicable, pursuant to which the Company or subsidiary of the Company, as applicable, either (x) has obtained ownership of and is the exclusive owner of such Intellectual Property, or (y) has obtained a valid right to exploit such Intellectual Property, sufficient for the conduct of its business as currently conducted and as proposed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

 

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(x) The Company and its subsidiaries have used all software and other materials distributed under a “free,” “open source,” or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the MIT License, Apache License, GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“ Open Source Software ”) in compliance with all license terms applicable to such Open Source Software, except where the failure to comply would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has used or distributed any Open Source Software in a manner that requires or has required any products or services of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any software code or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, to be (A) disclosed or distributed in source code form, (B) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works, or (C) redistributed at no charge, except, as would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(y) To its knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance, in each case in all material respects, with their respective privacy policies and other legal obligations regarding the collection, use, transfer, storage, protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company and its subsidiaries of protected personal information of users gathered or accessed in the course of their respective operations, and with respect to all such information, the Company and its subsidiaries have taken steps reasonably necessary in accordance with industry best practices (including, without limitation, implementing and monitoring compliance with adequate measures with respect to technical and physical security) to protect such information against loss and against unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure or other misuse, and to the knowledge of the Company, there has been no unauthorized access to or other misuse of such information.

(z) No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists, except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent.

(aa) The Company and each of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as the Company reasonably believes are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

 

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(bb) The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, except for such certificates, authorizations and permits, the failure of which to obtain, would not reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(cc) The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby; and the other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby.

(dd) The Company and each of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement is accurate. Except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (1) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (2) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially and adversely affected, or is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(ee) Except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Company has not sold, issued or distributed any shares of Common Stock during the six-month period preceding the date hereof, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulation D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants.

 

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(ff) The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases in which the failure to file or pay would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company), and no unpaid tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have any notice or knowledge of any unpaid tax deficiency which would reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries and which could reasonably be expected to have) a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(gg) The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(hh) From the time of initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an “ Emerging Growth Company ”). “ Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act.

(ii) The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of Morgan Stanley with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than Morgan Stanley to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that Morgan Stanley has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications. “ Written Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

(jj) As of the time of each sale of the Shares in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, none of (A) the Time

 

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of Sale Prospectus, (B) any free writing prospectus, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, and (C) any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(kk) Ernst & Young LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, are independent public accountants as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(ll) The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and such data is consistent with the sources from which they are derived.

2. Representations and Warranties of the Selling Shareholders . Each Selling Shareholder, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to and agrees with each of the Underwriters that:

(a) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Selling Shareholder.

(b) The execution and delivery by such Selling Shareholder of, and the performance by such Selling Shareholder of its obligations under, this Agreement, the Custody Agreement signed by such Selling Shareholder and Computershare Inc., as Custodian, relating to the deposit of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder (the “ Custody Agreement ”) and the Power of Attorney appointing certain individuals as such Selling Shareholder’s attorneys-in-fact to the extent set forth therein, relating to the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Registration Statement (the “ Power of Attorney ”) will not contravene (i) any provision of applicable law, (ii) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of such Selling Shareholder (if such Selling Shareholder is a corporation), or equivalent organizational or formation documents, as applicable, (iii) any agreement or other instrument binding upon such Selling Shareholder or (iv) any judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over such Selling Shareholder, except in the case of clauses (i), (iii) and (iv) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Selling Shareholder to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney, and no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by such Selling Shareholder of its obligations under this Agreement or the Custody Agreement or Power of Attorney of such Selling Shareholder, except such as may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states or foreign jurisdictions in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares.

(c) Such Selling Shareholder has, and on the Closing Date will have, valid title to, or a valid “security entitlement” within the meaning of Section 8-501 of the New

 

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York Uniform Commercial Code (the “ UCC ”) in respect of, the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder free and clear of all security interests, claims, liens, equities or other encumbrances and the legal right and power, and all authorization and approval required by law, to enter into this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney and to sell, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder or a security entitlement in respect of such Shares.

(d) The Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such Selling Shareholder and are valid and binding agreements of such Selling Shareholder, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles.

(e) Upon payment for the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement, delivery of such Shares, as directed by the Underwriters, to Cede & Co. (“ Cede ”) or such other nominee as may be designated by the Depository Trust Company (“ DTC ”), registration of such Shares in the name of Cede or such other nominee and the crediting of such Shares on the books of DTC to securities accounts of the Underwriters (assuming that neither DTC nor any such Underwriter has notice of any adverse claim (within the meaning of Section 8-105 of the UCC) to such Shares), (A) DTC shall be a “protected purchaser” of such Shares within the meaning of Section 8-303 of the UCC, (B) under Section 8-501 of the UCC, the Underwriters will acquire a valid security entitlement in respect of such Shares and (C) no action based on any “adverse claim”, within the meaning of Section 8-102 of the UCC, to such Shares may be asserted against the Underwriters with respect to such security entitlement; for purposes of this representation, such Selling Shareholder may assume that when such payment, delivery and crediting occur, (x) such Shares will have been registered in the name of Cede or another nominee designated by DTC, in each case on the Company’s share registry in accordance with its certificate of incorporation, bylaws and applicable law, (y) DTC will be registered as a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of Section 8-102 of the UCC and (z) appropriate entries to the accounts of the several Underwriters on the records of DTC will have been made pursuant to the UCC.

(e) Such Selling Shareholder is not prompted by any information concerning the Company or its subsidiaries which is not set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus to sell its Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

(f) (i) The Registration Statement, when it became effective, did not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) the Time of Sale Prospectus does not, and at the time of each sale of the Shares in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 5), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iii) each broadly available

 

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road show, if any, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iv) the Prospectus does not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, provided that the representations and warranties set forth in this paragraph 2(f) are limited in all respects to statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Selling Shareholder furnished to the Company in writing by such Selling Shareholder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only information furnished by such Selling Shareholders consists of the name of such Selling Shareholder, the number of offered shares and the address and other information with respect to such Selling Shareholder (excluding percentages) which appear in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus in the table (and corresponding footnotes) under the caption “Principal and Selling Stockholders”.

(g) Such Selling Shareholder has executed a “lock-up” agreement with the Representatives, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, that is in full force and effect as of the date hereof and shall be in full force and effect as of the Closing Date.

(h) Such Selling Shareholder will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

(i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

(ii) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.

3. Agreements to Sell and Purchase . Each Seller, severally and not jointly, hereby agrees to sell to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter, upon the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the conditions hereinafter stated, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from such Seller at $[●] a share (the “ Purchase Price ”) the number of Firm Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as you may determine) that bears the same proportion to the number of Firm Shares to be sold by such Seller as the number of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares.

 

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On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, and subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters the Additional Shares, and the Underwriters shall have the right to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to [●] Additional Shares at the Purchase Price, provided, however, that the amount paid by the Underwriters for any Additional Shares shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on such Additional Shares. You may exercise this right on behalf of the Underwriters in whole or from time to time in part by giving written notice of each election to exercise the option not later than 30 days after the date of this Agreement. Any exercise notice shall specify the number of Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the date on which such shares are to be purchased. Each purchase date must be at least one business day after the written notice is given and may not be earlier than the closing date for the Firm Shares nor later than ten business days after the date of such notice. Additional Shares may be purchased as provided in Section 5 hereof. On each day, if any, that Additional Shares are to be purchased (an “ Option Closing Date ”), each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Additional Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as you may determine) that bears the same proportion to the total number of Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date as the number of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares.

4. Terms of Public Offering . The Sellers are advised by you that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of their respective portions of the Shares as soon after the Registration Statement and this Agreement have become effective as in your judgment is advisable. The Sellers are further advised by you that the Shares are to be offered to the public initially at $[●] a share (the “ Public Offering Price ”) and to certain dealers selected by you at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $[●] a share under the Public Offering Price, and that any Underwriter may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession, not in excess of $[●] a share, to any Underwriter or to certain other dealers.

5. Payment and Delivery . Payment for the Firm Shares to be sold by each Seller shall be made to such Seller in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such Firm Shares for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on [●], 2017, or at such other time on the same or such other date, not later than [●], 2017, as shall be designated in writing by you. The time and date of such payment are hereinafter referred to as the “ Closing Date .”

Payment for any Additional Shares shall be made to the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such Additional Shares for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the date specified in the corresponding notice described in Section 3 or at such other time on the same or on such other date, in any event not later than [●], 2017, as shall be designated in writing by you.

 

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The Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be registered in such names and in such denominations as you shall request in writing not later than one full business day prior to the Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be. The Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be delivered to you on the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the transfer of the Shares to the Underwriters duly paid, and against payment of the Purchase Price therefor.

6. Conditions to the Underwriters Obligations . The obligations of the Sellers to sell the Shares to the Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares on the Closing Date are subject to the condition that the Registration Statement shall have become effective not later than 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof.

The several obligations of the Underwriters are subject to the following further conditions:

(a) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date:

(i) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act; and

(ii) there shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your judgment, impracticable to market the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(b) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the Closing Date and signed on behalf of the Company by an executive officer of the Company, to the effect set forth in Section 6(a)(i) above and to the effect that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before the Closing Date.

The officer signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.

(c) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date (i) an opinion and (ii) a negative assurance letter of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date, in the form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

 

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(d) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, counsel for the Selling Shareholders, dated the Closing Date, in the form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

(e) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date (i) an opinion and (ii) a negative assurance letter of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

With respect to Section 6(c), Section 6(d) and Section 6(e) above, Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP and Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP may state that their opinions and beliefs are based upon their participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and review and discussion of the contents thereof, but are without independent check or verification, except as specified. With respect to Section 6(d) above, Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP may rely upon an opinion or opinions of counsel for any Selling Shareholders and, with respect to factual matters and to the extent such counsel deems appropriate, upon the representations of each Selling Shareholder contained herein and in the Custody Agreement and Power of Attorney of such Selling Shareholder and in other documents and instruments; provided that (A) each such counsel for the Selling Shareholders is satisfactory to your counsel, (B) a copy of each opinion so relied upon is delivered to you and is in form and substance satisfactory to your counsel, (C) copies of such Custody Agreements and Powers of Attorney and of any such other documents and instruments shall be delivered to you and shall be in form and substance satisfactory to your counsel and (D) Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP shall state in their opinion that they are justified in relying on each such other opinion.

The opinions of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP described in Section 6(c) and Section 6(d)(vi) above (and any opinions of counsel for any Selling Shareholder referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph) shall be rendered to the Underwriters at the request of the Company or one or more of the Selling Shareholders, as the case may be, and shall so state therein.

(f) The Underwriters shall have received, on each of the date hereof and the Closing Date, (i) a letter dated the date hereof or the Closing Date, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, from Ernst & Young LLP, independent public accountants, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than the date hereof; and (ii) a certificate, in the form of Exhibit C hereto, signed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

 

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(g) The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you and certain shareholders, officers and directors of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date.

(h) The several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase Additional Shares hereunder are subject to the delivery to you on the applicable Option Closing Date of the following:

(i) a certificate, dated the Option Closing Date and signed by an executive officer of the Company, confirming that the certificate delivered on the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6(b) hereof remains true and correct as of such Option Closing Date;

(ii) an opinion of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(c) hereof;

(iii) an opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(e) hereof;

(iv) (A) a letter dated the Option Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, from Ernst & Young LLP, independent public accountants, substantially in the same form and substance as the letter furnished to the Underwriters pursuant to Section 6(f) hereof; provided that the letter delivered on the Option Closing Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than three business days prior to such Option Closing Date; and (B) a certificate, dated the Option Closing Date, in the form of Exhibit C hereto, signed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company; and

(v) such other documents as you may reasonably request with respect to the good standing of the Company, the due authorization and issuance of the Additional Shares to be sold on such Option Closing Date and other matters related to the issuance of such Additional Shares.

7. Covenants of the Company . The Company covenants with each Underwriter as follows:

(a) To furnish to you, without charge, three signed copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto and documents incorporated therein by reference)

 

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and for delivery to each other Underwriter a conformed copy of the Registration Statement (without exhibits thereto but including documents incorporated therein by reference) and to furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period mentioned in Section 7(e) or 7(f) below, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any documents incorporated therein by reference and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.

(b) Before amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, to furnish to you a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement and not to file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which you reasonably object, and to file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.

(c) To furnish to you a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and not to use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus to which you reasonably object.

(d) Not to take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that the Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.

(e) If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Shares at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement then on file, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Time of Sale Prospectus is delivered to a prospective purchaser, be misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(f) If, during such period after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or dealer, any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus

 

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in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to the dealers (whose names and addresses you will furnish to the Company) to which Shares may have been sold by you on behalf of the Underwriters and to any other dealers upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(g) To endeavor to qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as you shall reasonably request; provided that in no event shall the Company be obligated to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or to take any action that would subject it to service of process in suits, other than those arising out of the offering or sale of the Shares, or taxation in any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject.

(h) To make generally available to the Company’s security holders and to you as soon as practicable an earnings statement covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the date of this Agreement which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(i) Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Sellers agree to pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of their obligations under this Agreement, including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel, the Company’s accountants and counsel for the Selling Shareholders in connection with the registration and delivery of the Shares under the Securities Act and all other fees or expenses in connection with the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, including all printing costs associated therewith, and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers, in the quantities hereinabove specified, (ii) all costs and expenses related to the transfer and delivery of the Shares to the Underwriters, including any transfer or other taxes payable thereon, (iii) the reasonable cost of printing or producing any Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares under state securities laws and all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 7(g) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable, documented fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum (up to a maximum amount, when taken together with

 

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the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters incurred in connection with clause (iv) of this Section 6(i), of $50,000), (iv) the reasonable, documented fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters incurred in connection with the review and qualification of the offering of the Shares by FINRA (up to a maximum amount, when taken together with the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters incurred in connection with clause (iii) of this Section 7(i), of $50,000, which shall not include the FINRA filing fee itself), (v) all fees and expenses in connection with the preparation and filing of the registration statement on Form 8-A relating to the Common Stock and all costs and expenses incident to listing the Shares on the NASDAQ Global Market, (vi) the cost of printing certificates representing the Shares, (vii) the costs and charges of any transfer agent, registrar or depositary, (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Shares, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the representatives and officers of the Company and any such consultants (other than the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show, which cost shall be paid by the Underwriters), (ix) the document production charges and expenses associated with printing this Agreement and (x) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company hereunder for which provision is not otherwise made in this Section 7(i). It is understood, however, that except as provided in this Section 7(i), Section 10 entitled “Indemnity and Contribution” and the last paragraph of Section 13 below, the Underwriters will pay all of their costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of their counsel, stock transfer taxes payable on resale of any of the Shares by them, any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make and travel and lodging expenses incurred by them in connection with any “road show.”

(j) The Company will promptly notify the Representatives if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (a) completion of the distribution of the Shares within the meaning of the Securities Act and (b) completion of the Restricted Period (as defined in this Section 7).

(k) [If any Seller is not a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company will deliver to each Underwriter (or its agent), on or before the Closing Date, i) a certificate with respect to the Company’s status as a “United States real property holding corporation,” dated not more than thirty (30) days prior to the Closing Date, as described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.897-2(h) and 1.1445-2(c)(3), and ii) proof of delivery to the IRS of the required notice, as described in Treasury Regulations 1.897-2(h)(2).]

The Company hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period ending 90 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “ Restricted Period ”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly

 

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or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or (3) file any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.

The restrictions contained in the preceding paragraph shall not apply to (a) the Shares to be sold hereunder, (b) the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof of which the Underwriters have been advised in writing, (c) the issuance by the Company of any Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to any incentive plan or stock ownership plan in effect on the date hereof and described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, (d) the filing by the Company of a registration statement with the Commission on Form S-8 in respect of any Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock issued under or the grant of any award pursuant to an employee benefit plan in effect on the date hereof and described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, (e) the establishment or amendment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding the establishment or amendment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period, or (i) the sale or issuance of or entry into an agreement to sell or issue Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock in connection with one or more acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies, joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic corporate transactions; provided that the aggregate amounts of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (on an as-converted, as-exercised or as-exchanged basis) that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of Common Stock of the Company issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement determined on a fully-diluted basis, and provided further that each recipient of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to this clause (i) shall (A) execute a lock-up agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto or (B) enter into an agreement with the Company no less restrictive than the from of lock-up agreement set forth in Exhibit A hereto with respect to transactions described in clauses (1) and (2) in the preceding paragraph, in each case with respect to the remaining portion of the Restricted Period.

If Morgan Stanley, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a lock-up letter described in Section 6(g) hereof for an officer or director of the Company and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

 

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8. Covenants of the Underwriters . Each Underwriter severally covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission under Rule 433(d) a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not be required to be filed by the Company thereunder, but for the action of the Underwriter.

9. Covenants of the Sellers . Each Seller, severally and not jointly, covenants with each Underwriter as follows:

(a) Each Seller will deliver to each Underwriter (or its agent), prior to or at the Closing Date, a properly completed and executed Internal Revenue Service (“ IRS ”) Form W-9 or an IRS Form W-8, as appropriate, together with all required attachments to such form.

10. Indemnity and Contribution. (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and each affiliate of any Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, any issuer free writing prospectus as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act, any Company information that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any “road show” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a “road show”), or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Written Testing the Waters Communication caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are caused by any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein.

(b) Each Selling Shareholder agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and each affiliate of any Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such persons, but only with reference to information relating to such Selling Shareholder furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of such Selling Shareholder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show, or the

 

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Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only information furnished by such Selling Shareholders consists of the name of such Selling Shareholder, the number of offered shares and the address and other information with respect to such Selling Shareholder (excluding percentages) which appear in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus in the table (and corresponding footnotes) under the caption “Principal and Selling Stockholders.” The liability of each Selling Shareholder under the indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph shall be limited to an amount equal to the aggregate Public Offering Price of the Shares sold by such Selling Shareholder under this Agreement (before payment of expenses, but after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions).

(c) Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Selling Shareholders, the directors of the Company, the officers of the Company who sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company or any Selling Shareholder within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company and each Selling Shareholder to such Underwriter, but only with reference to information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show, or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto.

(d) In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 10(a), 10(b) or 10(c), such person (the “ indemnified party ”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ indemnifying party ”) in writing and the indemnifying party, upon request of the indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any others the indemnifying party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonably incurred, documented fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the retention of such counsel; (ii) the indemnifying party has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party; (iii) the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party or (iv) the named parties to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for (i) the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Underwriters and all persons, if any, who control any Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or

 

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Section 20 of the Exchange Act or who are affiliates of any Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act, (ii) the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of either such Section and (iii) the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Selling Shareholders and all persons, if any, who control any Selling Shareholder within the meaning of either such Section, and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. In the case of any such separate firm for the Underwriters and such control persons and affiliates of any Underwriters, such firm shall be designated in writing by the Representatives. In the case of any such separate firm for the Company, and such directors, officers and control persons of the Company, such firm shall be designated in writing by the Company. In the case of any such separate firm for the Selling Shareholders and such control persons of any Selling Shareholders, such firm shall be designated in writing by the persons named as attorneys-in-fact for the Selling Shareholders under the Powers of Attorney. The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second and third sentences of this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statements to or any admission of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(e) To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 10(a), 10(b) or 10(c) is unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each indemnifying party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party or parties on the other hand from the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause 10(e)(i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause 10(e)(i) above but also the relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the

 

25


one hand and of the indemnified party or parties on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Sellers on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Shares shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds from the offering of the Shares (before deducting expenses) received by each Seller and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate Public Offering Price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Sellers on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Sellers or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 10 are several in proportion to the respective number of Shares they have purchased hereunder, and not joint. The liability of each Selling Shareholder under the contribution agreement contained in this paragraph shall be limited to an amount equal to the aggregate Public Offering Price of the Shares sold by such Selling Shareholder under this Agreement (before payment of expenses, but after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions).

(f) The Sellers and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 10 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 10(e). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in Section 10(e) shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The remedies provided for in this Section 10 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law or in equity.

(g) The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 10 and the representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the Selling Shareholders contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter or any affiliate of any Underwriter, any Selling Shareholder or any person controlling any Selling Shareholder, or of the Company, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii) acceptance of and payment for any of the Shares.

 

26


11. [Intentionally Omitted.]

12. Termination . The Underwriters may terminate this Agreement by notice given by you to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on, or by, as the case may be, any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE MKT, the NASDAQ Global Market, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade, (ii) trading of any securities of the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market, (iii) a material disruption in securities settlement, payment or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred, (iv) any moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by Federal or New York State authorities or (v) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and which, singly or together with any other event specified in this clause (v), makes it, in your judgment, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offer, sale or delivery of the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.

13. Effectiveness; Defaulting Underwriters . This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

If, on the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date, as the case may be, any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Shares that it has or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase is not more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of the Shares to be purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated severally in the proportions that the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule I bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as you may specify, to purchase the Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date; provided that in no event shall the number of Shares that any Underwriter has agreed to purchase pursuant to this Agreement be increased pursuant to this Section 13 by an amount in excess of one-ninth of such number of Shares without the written consent of such Underwriter. If, on the Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Firm Shares and the aggregate number of Firm Shares with respect to which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Firm Shares to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to you, the Company and the Selling Shareholders for the purchase of such Firm Shares are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter, the Company or the Selling Shareholders. In any such case either you or the relevant Sellers shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for

 

27


longer than seven days, in order that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Prospectus, in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. If, on an Option Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Additional Shares and the aggregate number of Additional Shares with respect to which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall have the option to (i) terminate their obligation hereunder to purchase the Additional Shares to be sold on such Option Closing Date or (ii) purchase not less than the number of Additional Shares that such non-defaulting Underwriters would have been obligated to purchase in the absence of such default. Any action taken under this paragraph shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.

If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriters, or any of them, because of any failure or refusal on the part of any Seller to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any reason any Seller shall be unable to perform its obligations under this Agreement (which, for purposes of this Section 13, shall not include termination by the Underwriters under items (i), (iii), (iv) or (v) of Section 12), the Sellers will reimburse the Underwriters or such Underwriters as have so terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves, severally, for all out-of-pocket expenses (including the fees and disbursements of their counsel) reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with this Agreement or the offering contemplated hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if, after the Closing Date but prior to any Option Closing Date with respect to the purchase of any Additional Shares pursuant to a notice delivered by the Representatives to the Company under Section 2 hereof, the Company fails or refuses to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of the Agreement in connection with such Option Closing Date, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters severally only for all out-of-pocket expenses (including the fees and disbursements of their counsel) reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with the proposed purchase of any such Additional Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

14. Entire Agreement . (a) This Agreement, together with any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) that relate to the offering of the Shares, represents the entire agreement between the Company and the Selling Shareholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, with respect to the preparation of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, the conduct of the offering, and the purchase and sale of the Shares.

(b) The Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the Shares: (i) the Underwriters have acted at arm’s length, are not agents of, and owe no fiduciary duties to, the Company or any other person, (ii) the Underwriters owe the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement and prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement), if any, and (iii) the Underwriters may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Underwriters arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Shares.

 

28


15. Counterparts . This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

16. Applicable Law . This Agreement, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

17. Headings . The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed a part of this Agreement.

18. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and effective only upon receipt and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered, mailed or sent to you at Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179 (fax: (212) 622-8358); Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk; Barclays Capital Inc., 745 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Syndicate Registration (Fax: (646) 834-8133)), with a copy to the Director of Litigation, Office of the General Counsel, Barclays Capital Inc., 745 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, if to the Company shall be delivered, mailed or sent to 1855 S. Grant Street, San Mateo, California 94402 and if to the Selling Shareholders shall be delivered, mailed or sent to 1855 S. Grant Street, San Mateo, California 94402.

 

29


Very truly yours,
COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

[ Signature page to Underwriting Agreement ]


The Selling Shareholders named in Schedule II hereto, acting severally
By:  

 

  Attorney-in Fact

 

Accepted as of the date hereof

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Barclays Capital Inc.

Acting severally on behalf of themselves and the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto.
By:   Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
By:   J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
By:   Barclays Capital Inc.
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

[ Signature page to Underwriting Agreement ]


SCHEDULE I

 

Underwriter

   Number of Firm Shares
To Be Purchased
 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC.

     [●]  

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

     [●]  

Barclays Capital Inc

     [●]  

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

     [●]  

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

     [●]  

JMP Securities LLC

     [●]  

Raymond James & Associates, Inc

     [●]  

BTIG, LLC

     [●]  
  

 

 

 

Total:

     [●]  
  

 

 

 

 

I-1


SCHEDULE II

 

Selling Shareholder

   Number of Firm Shares
To Be Sold
 

[NAMES OF SELLING SHAREHOLDERS]

     [●]  
  

 

 

 

Total:

     [●]  
  

 

 

 

 

I-2


SCHEDULE III

Time of Sale Prospectus

 

1. Preliminary Prospectus issued [●], 2017

 

2. [Free Writing Prospectus dated [●], 2017]

 

3. [orally communicated pricing information such as price per share and size of offering if a Rule 134 pricing term sheet is used at the time of sale instead of a pricing term sheet filed by the company under Rule 433(d) as a free writing prospectus]

 

II-1


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF LOCK-UP LETTER

[●], 2017

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

 1585 Broadway

 New York, NY 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“ Morgan Stanley ”) proposes to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) with Coupa Software Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), providing for the public offering (the “ Public Offering ”) by the several Underwriters, including Morgan Stanley (the “ Underwriters ”), of shares (the “ Shares ”) of the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “ Common Stock ”).

To induce the Underwriters that may participate in the Public Offering to continue their efforts in connection with the Public Offering, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending (i) 60 days after the date of the final prospectus with respect to twenty five percent (25%) of the Common Stock (including securities convertible into, and exercisable for, shares of Common Stock) held by the undersigned and (ii) 90 days after the date of the final prospectus with respect to the remaining seventy five percent (75%) of the Common Stock (including securities convertible into, and exercisable for, shares of Common Stock) held by the undersigned (the “ Restricted Period ”) relating to the Public Offering (the “ Prospectus ”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)), by the undersigned or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to:

(a) transactions relating to shares of Common Stock or other securities acquired in the Public Offering or in open market transactions after the completion of the Public Offering, provided that no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Restricted Period in connection with subsequent sales of Common Stock or other securities acquired in such open market transactions;

 

A-1


(b) transfers of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (i) as a bona fide gift or charitable contribution, (ii) to an immediate family member or a trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or such immediate family member of the undersigned, (iii) to any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, investment fund or other entity controlled or managed, or under common control or management by the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, (iv) by will, other testamentary document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned, or (v) transfers or distributions of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock by a stockholder that is a trust to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust; provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to this clause (b), (i) each distributee or transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this letter and (ii) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Restricted Period;

(c) distributions or transfers of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock to general or limited partners, members or stockholders of the undersigned or transfers of shares of Common Stock, provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to this clause (c), (i) each distributee or transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this letter and (ii) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Restricted Period;

(d) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (a “ 10b5-1 Trading Plan ”) for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period;

 

A-2


(e) the sale of shares of Common Stock pursuant to a 10b5-1 Trading Plan (provided that such plan was established prior to the execution of this agreement by the undersigned); provided that any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act that is made in connection with any such sales during the Restricted Period shall state that such sales have been executed under a 10b5-1 Trading Plan and shall also state the date such 10b5-1 Trading Plan was adopted;

(f) (i) the receipt by the undersigned from the Company of shares of Common Stock upon (A) the exercise or settlement of options or restricted stock units granted under a stock incentive plan or other equity award plan, which plan is described in the registration statement related to the Public Offering (the “ Registration Statement ”) and the Prospectus or (B) the exercise of warrants outstanding and which are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or (ii) the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into Common Stock to the Company upon a vesting or settlement event of the Company’s securities or upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase the Company’s securities on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis to the extent permitted by the instruments representing such options or warrants (and any transfer to the Company necessary to generate such amount of cash needed for the payment of taxes, including estimated taxes, due as a result of such vesting or exercise whether by means of a “net settlement” or otherwise) so long as such “cashless exercise” or “net exercise” is effected solely by the surrender of outstanding options or warrants (or the Common Stock issuable upon the exercise thereof) to the Company and the Company’s cancellation of all or a portion thereof to pay the exercise price and/or withholding tax and remittance obligations, provided that in the case of (i) the shares received upon exercise or settlement of the option, restricted stock unit, or warrant are subject to the terms of this letter, and provided further that in the case of (i) or (ii), no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, or any other public filing or disclosure of such receipt or transfer, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned within 60 days after the date of the Prospectus, and after such 60th day, any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that (A) the filing relates to the circumstances described in (i) or (ii), as the case may be, (B) no shares were sold by the reporting person and (C) in the case of (i), the shares received upon exercise of the option are subject to a lock-up agreement with the Underwriters of the Public Offering;

(g) the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock to the Company pursuant to agreements under which the Company has the option to repurchase such shares or a right of first refusal with respect to transfers of such shares;

 

A-3


(h) the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock that occurs pursuant to a qualified domestic order, in connection with a divorce settlement, provided that each transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this letter and no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned during the Restricted Period, unless such filing clearly indicates in the footnotes thereto that such transfer occurred by operation of law, pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement;

(i) the sale of shares of Common Stock to the Underwriters by the undersigned pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement;

(j) any transfer of the undersigned’s Common Stock pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of Common Stock involving a “change of control” (as defined below) of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company; provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the undersigned’s Common Stock shall remain subject to the terms of this agreement. For purposes of this clause (k), “change of control” means the consummation of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 of the Exchange Act) of 50% of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company; or

(k) the sale of shares of Common Stock underlying restricted stock units held by the undersigned that are vested and settled to satisfy income tax withholding and remittance obligations in connection with the vesting of such restricted stock units that are outstanding as of the date of the Prospectus and described therein; provided that any filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act required in connection therewith indicates that such transfer is to satisfy income tax withholding and remittance obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units.

As used herein, “immediate family” shall mean the spouse, domestic partner, lineal descendant, father, mother, brother, sister, or any other person with whom the undersigned has a relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than first cousin.

In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the Restricted Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer

 

A-4


instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the undersigned’s shares of Common Stock except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed Shares the undersigned may purchase in the Public Offering.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (i) Morgan Stanley agrees that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of Common Stock, Morgan Stanley will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company has agreed or will agree in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by Morgan Stanley hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this letter to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

This letter shall automatically terminate upon the earliest to occur, if any, of (a) the date the Company advises Morgan Stanley, in writing, prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (b) the date of the termination of the Underwriting Agreement (without regard to any provisions thereof that survive termination) if prior to the closing of the Public Offering or (c) April 30, 2017 if, and only if, the Public Offering of the Shares has not been completed by such date.

The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the Public Offering. The undersigned further understands that this agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns.

Whether or not the Public Offering actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions. Any Public Offering will only be made pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement, the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company and the Underwriters.

[ Signature page follows ]

 

A-5


      Very truly yours,
IF AN INDIVIDUAL:     IF AN ENTITY:
By:  

 

   

 

  (duly authorized signature)     (please print complete name of entity)
Name:  

 

    By:  

 

  (please print full name)       (duly authorized signature)
      Name:  

 

        (please print full name)
      Title:  

 

        (please print full title)
Address:     Address:

 

   

 

 

   

 

E-mail:  

 

    E-mail:  

 

[ Signature Page to Lock-Up Letter ]


EXHIBIT B

FORM OF WAIVER OF LOCK-UP

[●], 2017

[Name and Address of

Officer or Director

Requesting Waiver]

Dear Mr./Ms. [Name]:

This letter is being delivered to you in connection with the offering by Coupa Software Incorporated (the “ Company ”) of [●] shares of common stock, $[●] par value (the “ Common Stock ”), of the Company and the lock-up letter dated [●], 2017 (the “ Lock-up Letter ”), executed by you in connection with such offering, and your request for a [waiver] [release] dated [●], 2017, with respect to [●] shares of Common Stock (the “ Shares ”).

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC hereby agrees to [waive] [release] the transfer restrictions set forth in the Lock-up Letter, but only with respect to the Shares, effective [●], 2017; provided, however, that such [waiver] [release] is conditioned on the Company announcing the impending [waiver] [release] by press release through a major news service at least two business days before effectiveness of such [waiver] [release]. This letter will serve as notice to the Company of the impending [waiver] [release].

Except as expressly [waived] [released] hereby, the Lock-up Letter shall remain in full force and effect.

 

B-1


Very truly yours,
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
Acting severally on behalf of themselves and the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto
By:   Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

cc:   Company

 

B-2


FORM OF PRESS RELEASE

Coupa Software Incorporated

[Date]

Coupa Software Incorporated (the “ Company ”) announced today that Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, the lead book-running manager in the Company’s recent public sale of [●] shares of common stock is [waiving][releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to [●] shares of the Company’s common stock held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer or director] of the Company. The [waiver][release] will take effect on [●], 2017, and the shares may be sold on or after such date.

This press release is not an offer for sale of the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

B-3


EXHIBIT C

[CFO CERTIFICATE PLACEHOLDER]

Exhibit 4.1.2

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS

AND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT

APRIL 8, 2017

This WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “ Waiver ”) is entered into by and among Coupa Software Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and the undersigned holders (the “ Holders ”) of the Company’s capital stock.

WHEREAS , the Company intends to offer, issue and sell shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ Shares ”) in a public offering (the “ Offering ”) and intends to undertake a registration of the Shares (the “ Registration ”) by preparing, executing and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “ Registration Statement ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”);

WHEREAS , the Company and the Holders are parties to that certain Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated May 26, 2015 (the “ Rights Agreement ”), which grants the undersigned Holders, among other rights, certain rights to notice and registration rights in connection with the Registration;

WHEREAS , the Holders desire to facilitate a successful Offering by waiving all such notice and registration rights in connection with the Registration;

WHEREAS , the Holders understand that the Company and the underwriters and/or placement agents of the Offering will proceed with the Offering in reliance on this Waiver;

WHEREAS , the Holders also desire to amend the Rights Agreement to clarify the conditions under which the registrations rights of the Holders (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) contained in the Rights Agreement shall terminate;

WHEREAS , Section 3.7 of the Rights Agreement provides that any term of the Rights Agreement (other than Section 2.1(b), Section 2.2, and Section 2.4) may be amended and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively) only with the written consent of the Company and the holders of at least sixty percent (60%) of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Rights Agreement);

WHEREAS , any such amendment or waiver effected pursuant to Section 3.7 of the Rights Agreement shall be binding upon each holder of any Registrable Securities, each future holder of all such Registrable Securities, and the Company; and


WHEREAS , the undersigned Holders constitute holders of at least sixty percent (60%) of the Registrable Securities.

NOW, THEREFORE , the parties hereby agree as follows:

1. Waiver of Notice and Registration Rights . With respect to the Registration, the Holders hereby waive the right (and all notice rights related thereto) to request registration of any Registrable Securities in the Offering that may arise under Section 1.3 or any other provision of the Rights Agreement. Notwithstanding the waiver contained in the foregoing sentence, the Holders and the Company hereby acknowledge and agree that the Registration constitutes a “registration” of Registrable Securities for purposes of Sections 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 of the Rights Agreement.

2. Amendment to Section  1.14 of the Rights Agreement . Section 1.14 of the Rights Agreement shall be amended and restated, to read in its entirety as follows:

“1.14 Termination of Registration Rights . No Holder shall be entitled to exercise any right provided for in this Section 1 (i) after five (5) years following the consummation of the Initial Offering, (ii) as to any Holder, such earlier time after the Initial Offering at which (a) such Holder holds one percent (1%) or less of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock or (b) all Registrable Securities held by such Holder (together with any affiliate of the Holder with whom such Holder must aggregate its sales under Rule 144) can be sold in any three (3)-month period without registration in compliance with Rule 144 and without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1) or (iii) after the consummation of a Liquidation Event, as that term is defined in the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) (as amended from time to time) in which the consideration for securities of the Company is cash or publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof.”

3. Continued Validity of Rights Agreement . Except as waived and amended hereby, the Rights Agreement shall continue in full force and effect as originally constituted.

4. Definitions . Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Rights Agreement.

5. Counterparts . This Waiver may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

6. Governing Law . This Waiver will be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

2


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

    COMPANY:
    COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED
    By:  

/s/ Todd Ford

      Todd Ford
      Chief Financial Officer
  Address:   1855 S. Grant Street
    San Mateo, California 94402

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

B ATTERY V ENTURES VIII, L.P.
By:   Battery Partners VIII, LLC,
Its general partner
By:  

/s/ Neeraj Agrawal

Name:  

Neeraj Agrawal

Title:  

Managing Member

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

BlueRun Ventures, L.P.
By:   BRV Partners, L.L.C.
Its general partner
By:  

/s/ Jonathan Ebinger

Name:  

Jonathan Ebinger

Title:  

Authorized Signatory

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

EL DORADO VENTURES VII L.P.

EL DORADO TECHNOLOGY ‘05 L.P.

By El Dorado Venture Partners VII, LLC,

the General Partner of each of such limited partnerships

By:  

/s/ Charles D Beeler

Name:  

Charles D Beeler

Title:  

Managing Member

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

RALLY TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS FUND I, L.P.

RALLY VENTURES FUND I, L.P.

By:  

/s/ Charles D Beeler

Name:  

Charles D Beeler

Title:  

Managing Member

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

MDV IX, L.P.

as nominee for

MDV IX, L.P., and
MDV ENF IX, L.P.
By: Ninth MDV Partners, L.L.C., General Partner
By:  

/s/ Brett Teele

Name:  

Brett Teele

Title:  

CFO and Authorized Signatory

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

CROSSLINK VENTURES VI, L.P.
By: Crosslink Ventures VI Holdings, L.L.C., its General Partner
By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

  Mihaly Szigeti, Authorized Signatory
CROSSLINK VENTURES VI-B, L.P.
By: Crosslink Ventures VI Holdings, L.L.C., its General Partner
By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

  Mihaly Szigeti, Authorized Signatory
OFFSHORE CROSSLINK VENTURES VI UNIT TRUST
By: Crosslink Ventures VI Holdings, L.L.C., Investment Manager
By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

  Mihaly Szigeti, Authorized Signatory

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned have executed this Waiver as of the date first set forth above.

 

CROSSLINK BAYVIEW VI, L.L.C.
By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

  Mihaly Szigeti, Authorized Signatory
CROSSLINK CROSSOVER FUND VI, L.P.
By:   Crossover Fund VI Management, L.L.C.,
  Its General Partner
By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

  Mihaly Szigeti, Authorized Signatory

CROSSLINK VENTURES VII-A, L.P.

CROSSLINK VENTURES VII-B, L.P.

By:  

/s/ Mihaly Szigeti

Name:  

Mihaly Szigeti

Title:  

CFO

 

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

WAIVER OF NOTICE AND REGISTRATION RIGHTS AND

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT

Exhibit 5.1

 

LOGO   

SILICON VALLEY

ANN ARBOR

BEIJING

BOSTON

LOS ANGELES

NEW YORK

SAN DIEGO

SAN FRANCISCO

April 10, 2017

Coupa Software Incorporated

1855 S. Grant Street

San Mateo, CA 94402

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the sale by Coupa Software Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and certain selling stockholders (the “ Selling Stockholders ”), of up to an aggregate of 4,255,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “ Shares ”), of which up to 646,535 shares (including up to 555,000 shares that may be sold pursuant to the exercise of an option granted by the Company to the underwriters) will be issued and sold by the Company and 3,608,465 shares will be sold by the Selling Stockholders, pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217105) (the “ Registration Statement ”) initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), on April 3, 2017, as amended. We understand that the Shares are to be sold to the underwriters for resale to the public as described in the Registration Statement and pursuant to an underwriting agreement, substantially in the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, to be entered into by and among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the underwriters (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”).

In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement and the originals or copies certified to our satisfaction of such other documents, records, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We have assumed the genuineness and authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, and the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies thereof and the due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are a prerequisite to the effectiveness thereof.

This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares. Our opinion is limited to the matters stated herein and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. Our opinion herein is expressed solely with respect to the federal laws of the United States and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”). Our opinion is based on these laws as in effect on the date hereof, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of facts, circumstances, events or developments which hereafter may be brought to our attention and which may alter, affect or modify the opinion expressed herein. We are not rendering any opinion as to compliance with any federal or state antifraud law, rule or regulation relating to securities, or to the sale or issuance thereof.

GUNDERSON  DETTMER  STOUGH  VILLENEUVE  FRANKLIN  &  HACHIGIAN, LLP

1200 SEAPORT BOULEVARD, REDWOOD CITY, CA 94063 / PHONE: 650.321.2400 / FAX: 650.321.2800


Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, (i) when the Shares to be issued and sold by the Company are issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, such Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and (ii) the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholders are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

Sincerely,
/s/ Gunderson Dettmer Stough
     Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP
GUNDERSON DETTMER STOUGH
VILLENEUVE FRANKLIN & HACHIGIAN, LLP

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Form S-1) and related Prospectus of Coupa Software Incorporated for the registration of shares of its common stock and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated April 3, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Coupa Software Incorporated included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended January 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Jose, California

April 10, 2017