UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 27, 2017

 

 

CARVANA CO.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   001-38073   81-4549921

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

 

(Commission

File No.)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

4020 E. Indian School Road

Phoenix, Arizona 85018

(Address of Principal executive offices, including Zip Code)

(602) 852-6604

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☒

 

 

 


Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On April 27, 2017, Carvana Co. (the “Company”) priced the initial public offering (“IPO”) of its Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), at an offering price of $15.00 per share, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217085), as amended (the “Registration Statement”). On April 27, 2017, in connection with the pricing of the IPO, the Company and Carvana Group. LLC (“Carvana Group”) entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representatives (the “Representatives”) of the several underwriters listed on Exhibit A thereto (the “Underwriters”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer and sell 15,000,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock at the IPO price. The Underwriters were granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, which the Underwriters may exercise at any time in whole, or from time to time in part. The Company and Carvana Group made certain customary representations, warranties and covenants and agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against (or contribute to the payment of) certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company’s controlling shareholder, Ernest C. Garcia, II, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Ernie Garcia, III and entities controlled by one or both of them (collectively, the “Garcia Parties”) agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,333,333 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in the IPO at the IPO price. The Underwriters did not receive any underwriting discounts or commissions from the sale of shares to the Garcia Parties. The shares purchased by the Garcia Parties in the IPO are subject to 180-day lock-up restrictions described in the Registration Statement.

This description of the Underwriting Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Underwriting Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit 1.1, which is hereby incorporated by reference into this Item 1.01.

In connection with the pricing of the IPO, the Company entered into the following agreements previously filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement:

 

    a Tax Receivable Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Carvana Group”) and the TRA Holders (as defined therein) and the , a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference;

 

    a Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, dated April 27, 2017, by and among Carvana Group and its Members (as defined therein), a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference;

 

    an Exchange Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group, Carvana Co. Sub LLC and the holders of the Company’s Common Units (as defined therein), a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.3 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference; and

 

    a Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group and the other signatories party thereto, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.4 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

The terms of these agreements are substantially the same as the terms set forth in the forms of such agreements filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement and as described therein.

Item 1.02. Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement.

On May 3, 2017 in connection with the closing of the Company’s IPO the Company repaid all of its outstanding borrowings and terminated its obligations under the Master Loan Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2017 among Carvana Group, LLC, as borrower, Verde Investments, Inc. and the other lenders party thereto.


Item 3.02. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.

In connection with the consummation off the IPO, the Company issued to the existing holders of Carvana Group’s Class A common units 117,236,210 shares of Class B common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”). The description in Item 5.03 below of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is incorporated herein by reference. The issuance of the Class B Common Stock described in this paragraph were made in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder.

Item 3.03. Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders.

The description in Item 5.03 below of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

On May 3, 2017, Michael Maroone, Greg Sullivan, Ira Platt, and Dan Quayle were appointed to the Company’s board of directors. Information regarding the committees upon which these directors are expected to serve, related party transactions involving any of these directors and the compensation plans in which such directors participate were previously reported (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act of 1934) in the Registration Statement.

On or about May 3, 2017, the Company entered into amended indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers in connection with the closing of the IPO. These agreements will require the Company to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to the Company, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified.

These indemnification rights are not exclusive of any other right which an indemnified person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

The foregoing is only a summary of the material terms of the amended indemnification agreements, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of indemnification agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 10.5 to this Current Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

On April 27, 2017 the Company adopted the Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan is filed herewith as exhibit 10.6 and is incorporated by reference herein. The description and form of the Plan is substantially the same as the description and the form set forth in and filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

On April 27, 2017, the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in the form previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement, and the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, in the form previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement, became effective. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Amended and Restated Bylaw are filed herewith as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference. The descriptions and forms of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restate Bylaws are substantially the same as the descriptions and forms set forth in and filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement.


Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

 

Exhibit No.    Description of Exhibit
1.1    Underwriting Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2017, among Carvana Co., Carvana Group, LLC, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representatives for the underwriters named therein.
3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Carvana Co., dated April 27, 2017.
3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Carvana Co., dated April 27, 2017.
10.1    Tax Receivable Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Carvana Co., Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the TRA Holders (as defined therein).
10.2    Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, dated April 27, 2017, by and among Carvana Group, LLC and its Members (as defined therein).
10.3    Exchange Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group, Carvana Co. Sub LLC and the holders of the Company’s Common Units (as defined therein).
10.4    Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group and the other signatories party thereto.
10.5    Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Carvana Co.’s Registration Statement filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017).
10.6    Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

    Carvana Co.
Date: May 3, 2017     By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

    Name:   Paul Breaux
    Title:   Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary


EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.    Description of Exhibit
1.1    Underwriting Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2017, among Carvana Co., Carvana Group, LLC, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representatives for the underwriters named therein.
3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Carvana Co., dated April 27, 2017.
3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Carvana Co., dated April 27, 2017.
10.1    Tax Receivable Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Carvana Co., Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the TRA Holders (as defined therein).
10.2    Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, dated April 27, 2017, by and among Carvana Group, LLC and its Members (as defined therein).
10.3    Exchange Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group, Carvana Co. Sub LLC and the holders of the Company’s Common Units (as defined therein).
10.4    Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Group and the other signatories party thereto.
10.5    Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Carvana Co.’s Registration Statement filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017).
10.6    Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Exhibit 1.1

Execution Version

 

 

 

CARVANA CO.

15,000,000 Shares of Class A Common Stock

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

Dated: April 27, 2017

 

 

 


Table of Contents

 

     Page  

SECTION 1. Representations and Warranties

     2  

SECTION 2. Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing

     16  

SECTION 3. Covenants of the Company

     17  

SECTION 4. Payment of Expenses

     21  

SECTION 5. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations

     22  

SECTION 6. Indemnification

     25  

SECTION 7. Contribution

     27  

SECTION 8. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive Delivery

     28  

SECTION 9. Termination of Agreement

     29  

SECTION 10. Default by One or More of the Underwriters

     29  

SECTION 11. Notices

     30  

SECTION 12. Parties

     30  

SECTION 13. GOVERNING LAW AND TIME

     30  

SECTION 14. Effect of Headings

     30  

SECTION 15. Definitions

     30  

SECTION 16. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses

     33  

SECTION 17. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship

     34  

SECTION 18. Research Analyst Independence

     34  

SECTION 19. Trial By Jury

     34  

EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit A

  

–  

  

Underwriters

Exhibit B    –      Subsidiaries of the Carvana Parties
Exhibit C    –      List of Persons Subject to Lock-Up
Exhibit D-1    –      Form of Lock-Up Agreement

Exhibit D-2

  

–  

  

Form of Press Release Announcing Lock-Up Waiver

Exhibit E

  

–  

  

Price-Related Information

Exhibit F

  

–  

  

Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses

Exhibit G

  

–  

  

Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus

Exhibit H       Written Testing-the-Waters Communication

i


CARVANA CO.

15,000,000 Shares of Class A Common Stock

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

April 27, 2017

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

As Representatives of the several Underwriters

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10152

c/o Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, NY 10005

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Carvana Co. a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”) confirms its agreement with the Representatives (as defined below) and each of the other Underwriters named in Exhibit A hereto (collectively, the “ Underwriters ,” which term shall also include any underwriter substituted as hereinafter provided in Section 10 hereof), for whom Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“ Wells Fargo ”), Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“ Merrill Lynch ”), Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citigroup”) and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (“ Deutsche Bank ”) are acting as representatives (in such capacity, the “ Representatives ”), with respect to the issue and sale by the Company of 15,000,000 shares (the “ Initial Securities ”) of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), and the purchase by the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the respective numbers of Initial Securities set forth in said Exhibit A hereto, and with respect to the grant by the Company to the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the option described in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any part of 2,250,000 additional shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments, if any. The Initial Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters and all or any part of the 2,250,000 shares of Common Stock subject to the option described in Section 2(b) hereof (the “ Option Securities ”) are hereinafter called, collectively, the “ Securities .” Certain terms used in this Agreement are defined in Section 15 hereof. Immediately prior to the Closing Date (as defined herein), the Company will complete reorganization transactions as described in “Organizational Structure” in the Registration Statement (as defined below).

The Company understands that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of the Securities as soon as the Representatives deem advisable after this Agreement has been executed and delivered.

The Company and the Underwriters agree that up to 5% of the Initial Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters (the “ Directed Securities ”) shall be reserved for sale by the Underwriters to the Company’s business associates and other related persons (the “ Directed Security Offerees ”) as part of the distribution of the Securities by

 

1


the Underwriters, subject to the terms of this Agreement, the applicable rules, regulations and interpretations of the FINRA and all other applicable laws, rules and regulations. To the extent that any such Directed Securities are not orally confirmed for purchase by any such Directed Security Offeree before 9:00 A.M. (New York City time) on April 28, 2017, such Directed Securities may, at the sole and absolute discretion of the Representatives, be offered to the public as part of the public offering contemplated hereby or offered or sold to any other Directed Security Offerees.

Promptly after the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will prepare and file with the Commission a prospectus dated April 27, 2017 in accordance with the provisions of Rule 430A and Rule 424(b) and the Company has previously advised you of all information (financial and other) that will be set forth therein. Such prospectus, in the form first furnished to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities (whether to meet the request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise) is herein called the “ Prospectus .”

In connection with the consummation of the offering contemplated by this agreement, the Company will become the sole managing member of Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with the transactions described in “Organizational Structure” in the Registration Statement, the “ Reorganization Transactions ”).

Prior to the Closing Date (as defined herein):

(a) all consents, approvals, waivers and amendments necessary under the Company’s charter or bylaws in connection with any of the Transactions (as defined below) or the offering or sale of the Securities or for each of the Carvana Parties (as defined below) to enter into this Agreement or to perform their respective obligations hereunder shall have been obtained and shall be in full force and effect (collectively, the “ Consents and Waivers ”),

(b) the Company shall have entered into tax receivable agreements with certain existing holders of membership interests of Carvana Group, LLC (the “ Tax Receivable Agreements ”) and entered into an exchange agreement with the holders of units of Carvana Group, LLC (the “ Exchange Agreement ”),

(c) the Company shall have entered into an amended and restated registration rights agreement with Carvana Group, LLC and certain existing holders of membership interests of Carvana Group, LLC (the “ Registration Rights Agreement ”),

(d) Carvana Group, LLC shall have amended and restated its limited liability company agreement to, among other things, designate Carvana Co. Sub LLC as the sole managing member of Carvana Group, LLC (as so amended and restated, the “ Carvana Group, LLC Amendment ”), and

(e) the Company’s charter shall have been amended and restated and such amended and restated charter shall have been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (collectively, the “ Amendment and Restatement ”),

all on the terms contemplated by the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus. The Consents and Waivers, the Tax Receivable Agreements, the Exchange Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Carvana Group, LLC Amendment and the Amendment and Restatement are hereinafter called, collectively, the “ Pre-Closing Transactions, ” and together with the Reorganization Transactions, the “ Transactions ”. The Company and Carvana Group, LLC are herein referred to as the “ Carvana Parties.

SECTION 1. Representations and Warranties .

(a) Representations and Warranties by the Carvana Parties. Each of the Carvana Parties jointly and severally represents and warrants to each Underwriter as of the date hereof, as of the Applicable Time, as of the Closing Date referred to in Section 2(c) hereof, and as of each Option Closing Date (if any) referred to in Section 2(b) hereof, except for any representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, in which case only as of such date, and agrees with each Underwriter, as follows:

 

2


(1) Compliance with Registration Requirements . The Securities have been duly registered under the 1933 Act pursuant to the Registration Statement. Each of the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendments thereto have been declared effective under the 1933 Act and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has become effective under the 1933 Act or, not later than 8:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the business day immediately after the date of this Agreement, will become effective under the 1933 Act, and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been issued under the 1933 Act and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission, and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information has been complied with or otherwise finally resolved with the Commission. The Initial Registration Statement was initially filed with the Commission on March 31, 2017.

(2) Registration Statement, Prospectus and Disclosure at Time of Sale . At the respective times that the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments to any of the foregoing were declared or became effective, as the case may be, and at the Closing Date (and, if any Option Securities are purchased, at the applicable Option Closing Date), the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments to any of the foregoing complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

At the respective times the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) or issued, at the Closing Date (and, if any Option Securities are purchased, at the applicable Option Closing Date), and at any time when a prospectus is required (or, but for the provisions of Rule 172, would be required) by applicable law to be delivered in connection with sales of Securities (whether to meet the requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise), neither the Prospectus nor any amendments or supplements thereto included or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

As of the Applicable Time (except in the case of clause (z) below) and as of each time prior to the Closing Date that an investor agrees (orally or in writing) to purchase or, if applicable, reconfirms (orally or in writing) an agreement to purchase any Securities from the Underwriters, neither (w) any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus as of the Applicable Time and the information, if any, included on Exhibit E hereto, all considered together (collectively, the “ General Disclosure Package ”), nor (x) if an Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus is used in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement, such Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus and the Pre-Pricing Prospectus as of the Applicable Time, considered together (collectively, the “ DSP Disclosure Package ”), nor (y) any individual Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, nor (z) any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus issued subsequent to the Applicable Time, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. In the event that an Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus is used in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement, then all references to “ General Disclosure Package ” shall be deemed to also refer to the DSP Disclosure Package.

Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing filed as part of the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the 1933 Act, or delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities, complied when so filed or when so delivered, as the case may be, in all material respects with the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations.

 

3


The representations and warranties in the preceding paragraphs of this Section 1(a)(2) do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Carvana Parties by any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriters as aforesaid consists of the information described as such in Section 6(b) hereof.

At the respective times that the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or any amendment to any of the foregoing were filed and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer” as defined in Rule 405, in each case without taking into account any determination made by the Commission pursuant to paragraph (2) of the definition of such term in Rule 405; and, without limitation to the foregoing, the Company has at all relevant times met, meets and will at all relevant times meet the requirements of Rule 164 for the use of a free writing prospectus (as defined in Rule 405) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby.

The copies of the Initial Registration Statement and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments to any of the foregoing and the copies of each preliminary prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433 and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, that have been or subsequently are delivered to the Underwriters in connection with the offering of the Securities (whether to meet the request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise) were and will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T. For purposes of this Agreement, references to the “delivery” or “furnishing” of any of the foregoing documents to the Underwriters, and any similar terms, include, without limitation, electronic delivery.

The Company has made available a “bona fide electronic road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h)) in compliance with Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) such that no filing with the Commission of any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h)) is required in connection with the offering of the Securities.

Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (if any), as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offering and sale of the Securities, did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus that has not been superseded or modified.

The Company has filed publicly on EDGAR at least 15 calendar days prior to any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act), any confidentially submitted registration statement and registration statement amendments relating to the offer and sale of the Common Stock.

(3) Emerging Growth Company . From the time of initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the 1933 Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”).

(4) Testing-the-Waters Materials . The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing- the-Waters Communications other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Representatives with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the 1933 Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the 1933 Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in Testing-the-

 

4


Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed or approved for distribution any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications. Any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the General Disclosure Package, complied in all material respects with the 1933 Act, and when taken together with the General Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(5) Transactions . The Transactions have been or will be consummated, as the case may be, on or prior to the respective times contemplated by the fifth paragraph of this Agreement (or such earlier times as may be contemplated by the Pre-Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus) on the terms contemplated by this Agreement, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Consents and Waivers, the Tax Receivable Agreements, the Exchange Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Carvana Group, LLC Amendment and the Amendment and Restatement are in full force and effect.

(6) Independent Accountants . The accountants who certified the financial statements and any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are independent public accountants with respect to the Company as required by the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations and the PCAOB.

(7) Financial Statements . The financial statements of the Carvana Parties included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules (if any) and notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified; and all such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved and comply with all applicable accounting requirements under the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations. The supporting schedules, if any, included in the Registration Statement present fairly, in all material respects and in accordance with GAAP, the information required to be stated therein. The information in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the captions “Summary Financial Data” and “Selected Financial Data” presents fairly, in all material respects, the information shown therein and has been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The pro forma financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the information shown therein, have been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines with respect to pro forma financial statements and have been properly compiled on the bases described therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein; and the information appearing in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data” presents fairly, in all material respects, the information shown therein and has been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the pro forma financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined in the rules and regulations of the Commission), if any, contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply with Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Commission, to the extent applicable.

(8) No Material Adverse Change in Business . Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (in each case exclusive of any amendments or supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), (A) there has been no material adverse change or any development that could reasonably

 

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be expected to result in a material adverse change in the financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management or business prospects of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries taken as a whole (in any such case, a “ Material Adverse Effect ”); (B) except as otherwise disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (in each case exclusive of any amendments or supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), neither of the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries has incurred any liability or obligation or entered into any transaction or agreement that, individually or in the aggregate, is material with respect to the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business or operations from fire, explosion, flood, earthquake or other natural disaster or calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or disturbance or court or governmental action, order or decree which could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and (C) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Carvana Parties or their respective subsidiaries on any class of capital stock.

(9) Good Standing of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC . Each of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation and a limited liability company, respectively, in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the Transactions, as applicable; and each of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(10) Good Standing of Subsidiaries . Each subsidiary of the Carvana Parties has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation, limited or general partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, has corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation, limited or general partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each such subsidiary that is a corporation, all of the issued and outstanding partnership interests of each such subsidiary that is a limited or general partnership and all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests, membership interests or other similar interests of each such subsidiary that is a limited liability company have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and (except in the case of general partnership interests) non-assessable and are owned by the Company or Carvana Group, LLC, as applicable, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of all Liens, except for such Liens as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and none of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of any such subsidiary that is a corporation, none of the issued and outstanding partnership interests of any such subsidiary that is a limited or general partnership, and none of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests, membership interests or other similar interests of any such subsidiary that is a limited liability company were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights of any securityholder of such subsidiary or any other person that have not been waived in writing. The only subsidiaries of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC are the subsidiaries listed on Exhibit B hereto and Exhibit B accurately sets forth whether each such subsidiary is a corporation, limited or general partnership or limited liability company and the jurisdiction of organization of each such subsidiary and, in the case of any subsidiary

 

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which is a partnership or limited liability company, its general partners and managing members, respectively. Any subsidiaries of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC which are “significant subsidiaries” as defined by Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X are listed on Exhibit B hereto under the caption “Material Subsidiaries.”

(11) Capitalization . The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company as of the date of this Agreement is as set forth in the column entitled “Actual” and in the corresponding line items under the caption “Capitalization” in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, at the time of the purchase of the Initial Securities by the Underwriters on the Closing Date and as of each Option Closing Date (if any), the authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company will be as set forth in the column entitled “Pro Forma As Adjusted” and in the corresponding line items under such caption (in each case except for any Option Securities issued by the Company pursuant to this Agreement and issuances, if any, subsequent to the date of this Agreement pursuant to employee or director stock option, stock purchase or other equity incentive plans described in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Executive Compensation,” upon the exercise of options issued pursuant to any such stock option, stock purchase or other equity incentive plans as so described, or upon the exercise of options or the conversion of convertible securities described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus). The shares of issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and were issued in compliance in all material respects with all applicable state and federal securities and “blue-sky” laws; and none of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company or any other person that have not been waived in writing. All of the membership interests of Carvana Group, LLC outstanding upon consummation of this offering after giving effect to the Reorganization Transactions, will be validly issued, the holders of such membership interests will have no obligation to make any further payments for the purchase of such membership interests or contributions to Carvana Group, LLC solely by reason of their ownership of such membership interests, and, to the extent owned by the Company, will be owned free and clear of any perfected security interest or any other security interests, claims, liens or encumbrances other than as described in the Prospectus under “Description of Certain Indebtedness” and “Principal Stockholders”.

(12) Authorization of Agreement . Each of the Consents and Waivers, the Tax Receivable Agreements, the Exchange Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Carvana Group, LLC Amendment, the Amendment and Restatement and this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by each of the Company and Carvana Group, LLC, as applicable.

(13) Authorization of Securities . The Securities to be sold by the Company under this Agreement have been duly authorized for issuance and sale to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement against payment of the consideration set forth herein, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; no holder of the Securities is or will be subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder; and the issuance and sale of the Securities to be sold by the Company under this Agreement are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company or any other person that have not been waived in writing. The membership interests of Carvana Group, LLC outstanding prior to the consummation of this offering have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

(14) Description of Securities . The Common Stock, the authorized but unissued Preferred Stock, all classes or series of Preferred Stock outstanding on the date of this Agreement, all outstanding warrants and convertible securities, the authorized membership interests of Carvana Group, LLC and the Company’s charter and bylaws conform in all material respects to the respective statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and such statements conform in all material respects to the rights set forth in the respective instruments and agreements defining the same.

 

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(15) Absence of Defaults and Conflicts . Neither of the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries is in violation of its Organizational Documents or in default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any Company Document, except (solely in the case of Company Documents other than Subject Instruments) for such defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, including the Transactions, and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Securities and the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities as described in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”) and compliance by the Carvana Parties with their obligations under this Agreement do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or default, Termination Event or Repayment Event under, or result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries pursuant to, any Company Documents, except (solely in the case of Company Documents other than Subject Instruments) for such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Liens that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, nor will such action result in any violation of (i) the provisions of the Organizational Documents of either Carvana Party or any of their respective subsidiaries or (ii) any applicable law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any government, government instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries or any of their respective assets, properties or operations, except, in the case of clause (ii) only, for such violations as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(16) Absence of Labor Dispute . No labor dispute with the employees of the Carvana Parties or any subsidiary of the Carvana Parties exists or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, is imminent, and the Carvana Parties are not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of the principal suppliers, manufacturers, customers or contractors of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries which might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(17) Absence of Proceedings . There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, now pending, or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, threatened, against or affecting the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries which is required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pre- Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus (other than as disclosed therein), or which might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect or to materially and adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement, including the Transactions, or the performance by the Carvana Parties of their respective obligations under this Agreement; the aggregate of all pending legal or governmental proceedings to which the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their respective property or assets is the subject which are not described in the Registration Statement, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, including ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(18) Accuracy of Descriptions and Exhibits . The information in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the captions “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources,” “Business-Intellectual Property,” “Business —Government Regulation,” “Business—Legal Proceedings,”, “Organizational Structure,” “Executive Compensation—Employment Agreements and Post-Termination Agreements,” “Executive Compensation—Equity Incentives and — Equity and Cash Incentives,” “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions,” “Description of Certain Indebtedness,” “Description of Capital Stock,” “Shares Eligible for Future Sale,” “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders,” and the information in the Registration Statement under Items 14 and 15, in each case to the extent that

 

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it constitutes matters of law, summaries of legal matters, summaries of provisions of the Carvana Parties’ charter, bylaws or organizational documents, as applicable, or any other instruments or agreements, summaries of legal proceedings, or legal conclusions, is correct in all material respects; all descriptions in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus of any other Company Documents are accurate in all material respects; and there are no franchises, contracts, indentures, mortgages, deeds of trust, loan or credit agreements, bonds, notes, debentures, evidences of indebtedness, leases or other instruments, agreements or documents required to be described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been so described and filed as required. Each of the Consents and Waivers, the Tax Receivable Agreements, the Exchange Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Carvana Group, LLC Amendment, the Amendment and Restatement and this Agreement conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(19) Possession of Intellectual Property . The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries own and possess or have valid and enforceable licenses to use, all patents, patent rights, patent applications, licenses, copyrights, inventions, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names, service names, software, internet addresses, domain names and other intellectual property (including all goodwill associated with, and all registrations and applications for registration of, the foregoing) (collectively, “ Intellectual Property ”) that is described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or that is necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted, as proposed to be conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries has received any notice or is otherwise aware of any infringement of or conflict with rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property, which could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries are aware of any facts or circumstances which would reasonably be expected to render any Intellectual Property invalid. There is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by any third party challenging the Carvana Parties’ or any of their respective subsidiaries’ rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, or challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any such Intellectual Property, or asserting that the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries infringes or otherwise violates Intellectual Property rights of any third party, in each in each instance that would be materially adverse to the Carvana Parties , and the Carvana Parties are unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim, in each instance that would be materially adverse to the Carvana Parties. To the knowledge of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries, no third party has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated any Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively or co-exclusively licensed to the Carvana Parties in any material respects; the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have in all material respects complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which any Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, all such agreements are in full force and effect, and no event or condition has occurred or exists that gives or, with notice or passage of time or both, would give any person the right to terminate any such agreement; and to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, there is no patent or patent application that contains claims that interfere with the issued or pending claims of any such Intellectual Property of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries that could reasonably be used to challenge the validity, enforceability or scope of any such Intellectual Property.

(20) Absence of Further Requirements . (A) No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or decree of, any court or governmental authority or agency, domestic or foreign, (B) no authorization, approval, vote or consent of any holder of capital stock or other securities of the Carvana Parties or creditor of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, (C) no authorization, approval, waiver or consent under any (i) Subject Instrument or (ii) other Company Document that is material with respect to the Carvana Parties and

 

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their subsidiaries taken as a whole, and (D) no authorization, approval, vote or consent of any other person or entity, is necessary or required for the authorization, execution, delivery or performance by the Carvana Parties of this Agreement, for the offering of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement, for the issuance, sale or delivery of the Securities to be sold by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, or for the consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Transactions, in each case on the terms contemplated by the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained under the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations and except that no representation is made as to such authorization, approval, vote or consent as may be required under state or foreign securities laws.

(21) Possession of Licenses and Permits . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries possess such permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations (collectively, “ Governmental Licenses ”) issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by them; and, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Governmental Licenses, all such Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect and neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries have received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such Governmental Licenses that would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(22) Title to Property . The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by any of them (if any) and good title to all other properties and assets owned by any of them, in each case, free and clear of all Liens except such as (a) are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or (b) are not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries taken as a whole, are not required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pre- Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries; all real property, buildings and other improvements, and all equipment and other property, held under lease or sublease by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases or subleases, as the case may be, with, solely in the case of leases or subleases relating to real property, buildings or other improvements, such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property and buildings or other improvements by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, and all such leases and subleases are in full force and effect; and neither of the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries has received any notice of any claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries under any of the leases or subleases mentioned above or affecting or questioning the rights of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises, or to the continued use of the leased or subleased equipment or other property, except for such claims which, if successfully asserted against the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(23) Investment Company Act . Neither of the Carvana Parties are, and upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated and the receipt and application of the net proceeds therefrom as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Use Of Proceeds,” will not be, an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act.

 

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(24) Environmental Laws . Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively, “ Hazardous Materials ”) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, “ Environmental Laws ”), (B) the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements, (C) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, Liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries and (D) to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, there are no events or circumstances that might reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.

(25) Absence of Registration Rights . There are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities (debt or equity) (A) registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement or (B) otherwise registered by the Company under the 1933 Act, and there are no persons with co-sale rights, tag-along rights or other similar rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Securities, except in each case for such rights that have been duly waived in writing; and the Carvana Parties have given all notices required by, and has otherwise complied with their obligations under, all registration rights agreements, co-sale agreements, tag-along agreements and other similar agreements in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Transactions.

(26) Parties to Lock-Up Agreements . Each of the persons listed on Exhibit C hereto has executed and delivered to the Representatives a lock-up agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit D-1 hereto. Except for holders of Carvana Group’s CP Unit Holders to be issued upon completion of the offering contemplated by this agreement as previously disclosed to the Representatives (the “CP Unit Holders”), Exhibit C hereto contains a true, complete and correct list of all directors, officers and holders of Common Stock or other capital stock of the Carvana Parties, and all holders of options, warrants, convertible debt securities, or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock of the Carvana Parties. As a condition of receiving any CP Units, the CP Unit Holders will agree to the terms of the lock-up agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit D-1 hereto. All outstanding stock options provide and all stock options that may be issued by the Carvana Parties at any time prior to the 180th day after the date hereof (the “ Lock-Up Period ”) will provide, in each case pursuant to written stock option agreements or similar agreements executed and delivered by the holders of such stock options, that the holders of such stock options will not effect any public sale or distribution (including sales pursuant to Rule 144 under the 1933 Act) of any Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, during the Lock-Up Period; and, during the Lock-Up Period, the Carvana Parties will not cause or permit any waiver, release, modification or amendment of any such restriction on transfer without the prior written consent of the Representatives.

(27) NYSE . The outstanding shares of Common Stock and the Securities being sold hereunder by the Company have been approved for listing, subject only to official notice of issuance, on the NYSE.

 

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(28) FINRA Matters . All of the information provided to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters by the Carvana Parties in connection with any letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 or 5121 is true, complete and correct.

(29) Tax Returns . The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all non-U.S., federal, state and local tax returns that are required to be filed or have obtained extensions thereof, except where the failure so to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and have paid all taxes (including, without limitation, any estimated taxes) required to be paid and any other assessment, fine or penalty, to the extent that any of the foregoing is due and payable, except for any such tax, assessment, fine or penalty that is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate actions and except for such taxes, assessments, fines or penalties the nonpayment of which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(30) Insurance . The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; all policies of insurance and any fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries or their respective businesses, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect except as would not individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects; there are no claims by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause; and neither the Carvana Parties nor any such subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers at a cost that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(31) Accounting Controls . The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have taken all actions reasonably necessary to ensure that, within the time period required by applicable law, the Carvana Parties will have established and will maintain effective “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15 of the 1934 Act Regulations). The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there has not been (1) since the first day of the Carvana Parties’ earliest fiscal year for which audited financial statements for either Carvana Party are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or at any time subsequent thereto, any material weakness (as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X of the Commission) in the Carvana Parties’ internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated), or (2) any fraud, whether or not material, involving management or other employees who have a role in the Carvana Parties’ internal control over financial reporting and, since the end of the Carvana Parties’ most recent fiscal year for which audited financial statements are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Carvana Parties’ internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Carvana Parties’ internal control over financial reporting.

The Carvana Parties’ independent public accountants and the audit committee of the Carvana Parties’ boards of directors have been advised of all material weaknesses, if any, and significant deficiencies (as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X of the Commission), if any, in the Carvana Parties’ internal control over financial reporting and of all fraud, if any, whether or not material,

 

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involving management or other employees who have a role in the Carvana Parties’ internal controls and financial reports, in each case that occurred or existed, or was first detected, at any time during the Carvana Parties’ fiscal years for which audited financial statements for either Carvana Party are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or at any time subsequent thereto.

(32) Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with which any of them is required to comply, including Section 402 related to loans.

(33) Pending Proceedings and Examinations; Comment Letters . The Registration Statement is not the subject of a pending proceeding or examination under Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the 1933 Act, and the Company is not the subject of a pending proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act. The Company has provided the Representatives with true, complete and correct copies of any written comments received from the Commission by the Company or its legal counsel or accountants, and of any transcripts made by the Company, its legal counsel or accountants of any oral comments received from the Commission, with respect to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing and of all written responses thereto, and no such comments remain unresolved.

(34) Absence of Manipulation . The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities; provided, however, the Company makes no such representation or warranty with respect to actions of any Underwriters or any affiliates or agents of any Underwriters.

(35) Statistical and Market-Related Data . Any statistical, demographic, market-related and similar data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate and accurately reflect in all material respects the materials upon which such data is based or from which it was derived, and the Company has delivered true, complete and correct copies of such materials to the Representatives.

(36) No Unlawful Payments . Neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries nor any director or officer of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, any agent, manager, employee, affiliate or other person or acting on behalf of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that has resulted or would result in (i) the use of any funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to a political activity; (ii) the making or taking of an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) a violation by any such person of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws; or (iv) the making, offering, requesting or taking of, or the agreement to take, an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

 

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(37) Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental or regulatory agency (collectively, the “ Anti-Money Laundering Laws ”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental or regulatory agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is, threatened.

(38) No Conflicts with Sanction Laws. Neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries, directors or officers, nor, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, any agent, manager, employee or affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Government, (including, without limitation, OFAC or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the UNSC, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury (“ HMT ”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “ Sanctions ”), nor are the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Cuba, Burma (Myanmar), Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and Crimea (each, a “ Sanctioned Country ”); and the Carvana Parties will not directly or indirectly use any of the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or the target of any Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or any business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of any Sanctions. For the past five years, the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of any Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

(39) ERISA Compliance . None of the following events has occurred or exists: (i) a failure to fulfill the obligations, if any, under the minimum funding standards of Section 302 of ERISA with respect to a Plan (as defined below) determined without regard to any waiver of such obligations or extension of any amortization period; (ii) an audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any other federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory agency with respect to the employment or compensation of employees by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries that might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect; or (iii) any breach of any contractual obligation, or any violation of law or applicable qualification standards, with respect to the employment or compensation of employees by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries that might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (i) a material increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans in the current fiscal year of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Carvana Parties’ most recently completed fiscal year; (ii) a material increase in the “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 106) of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries compared to the amount of such obligations in the Carvana Parties’ most recently completed fiscal year; (iii) any event or condition giving rise to a liability under Title IV of ERISA that might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect; or (iv) the filing of a claim by one or more employees or former employees of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries related to its or their employment that might reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this paragraph and the definition of ERISA, the term “ Plan ” means a plan (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) with respect to which the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries may have any liability.

 

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(40) Lending and Other Relationship . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries has any lending or similar relationship with any Underwriter or any bank or other lending institution affiliated with any Underwriter; (ii) the Carvana Parties will not, directly or indirectly, use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities by the Company hereunder to reduce or retire the balance of any loan or credit facility extended by any Underwriter or any of its “affiliates” or “associated persons” (as such terms are used in FINRA Rule 5121) or otherwise direct any such proceeds to any Underwriter or any of its “affiliates” or “associated persons” (as so defined); and (iii) there are and have been no transactions, arrangements or dealings between the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries, on one hand, and any Underwriter or any of its “affiliates” or “associated persons” (as so defined), on the other hand, that, under FINRA Rule 5110 or 5121, must be disclosed in a submission to FINRA in connection with the offering of the Securities contemplated hereby or disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or Prospectus.

(41) Changes in Management . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, none of the persons who were officers or directors of the Carvana Parties as of the date of the Pre-Pricing Prospectus has given oral or written notice to the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries of his or her resignation (or otherwise indicated to the Company or any of its subsidiaries an intention to resign within the next 12 months), nor has any such officer or director been terminated by the Carvana Parties or otherwise removed from his or her office or from the board of directors, as the case may be (including, without limitation, any such termination or removal which is to be effective as of a future date) nor is any such termination or removal under consideration by the Carvana Parties or their respective boards of directors.

(42) Transfer Taxes . There are no stock or other transfer taxes, stamp duties, capital duties or other similar duties, taxes or charges payable in connection with the execution or delivery of this Agreement by the Carvana Parties or the issuance or sale by the Company of the Securities to be sold by the Company to the Underwriters hereunder.

(43) Related Party Transactions . There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Carvana Parties, any other person that are required to be described in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus that have not been described as required.

(44) Directed Share Program . None of the Directed Security Offerees is domiciled outside of the United States.

(45) Stop Transfer Instructions . The Company has, with respect to any Common Stock (other than the Securities to be sold pursuant to this Agreement) or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock owned or held (of record or beneficially) by any other persons who have entered into or are required to enter into an agreement in the form of Exhibit D-1 hereto, instructed the transfer agent or other registrar to enter stop transfer instructions and implement stop transfer procedures, other than with respect to transfers permissible pursuant to such agreements, with respect to such securities during the Lock-Up Period; and, during the Lock-Up Period, the Company will not cause or permit any waiver, release, modification or amendment of any such stop transfer instructions or stop transfer procedures without the prior written consent of the Representatives.

(46) Offering Materials . Without limitation to the provisions of Section 16 hereof, the Company has not distributed and will not distribute, directly or indirectly (other than through the Underwriters), any “written communication” (as defined Rule 405 under the 1933 Act) or other offering materials in connection with the offering or sale of the Securities, other than the Pre-Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus, any amendment or supplements to any of the foregoing that are filed with the SEC and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses (as defined in Section 16).

 

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(47) No Restrictions on Dividends . Neither the Carvana Parties nor any of their respective subsidiaries is a party to or otherwise bound by any instrument or agreement that limits or prohibits or could limit or prohibit, directly or indirectly, the Carvana Parties from paying any dividends or making other distributions on their capital stock, and no subsidiary of the Carvana Parties is a party to or otherwise bound by any instrument or agreement that limits or prohibits or could limit or prohibit, directly or indirectly, any subsidiary of the Carvana Parties from paying any dividends or making any other distributions on its capital stock, limited or general partnership interests, limited liability company interests, or other equity interests, as the case may be, or from repaying any loans or advances from, or (except for instruments or agreements that by their express terms prohibit the transfer or assignment thereof or of any rights thereunder) transferring any of its properties or assets to, the Carvana Parties or any other subsidiary, in each case except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(48) Brokers . There is not a broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Carvana Parties any brokerage or finder’s fee or other fee or commission as a result of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the Underwriters in connection with the sale of the Securities to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement.

(49) Interactive Data . The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included as an exhibit to the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(b) Certificates. Any certificate signed by any officer of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries (whether signed on behalf of such officer, the Carvana Parties or such subsidiary) and delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed a representation and warranty by such Carvana Parties to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.

SECTION 2. Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing .

(a) Initial Securities. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, (i) the respective numbers of Initial Securities set forth opposite the names of each Underwriter in Column A-1 of Exhibit A, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase the respective number of Initial Securities set forth opposite its name in Column A-1 of Exhibit A hereto plus any additional number of Initial Securities which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 hereof, subject to such adjustments among the Underwriters as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional Securities, in each case at a price of $13.95 per share (the “ Purchase Price ”) and (ii) the respective numbers of Initial Securities set forth opposite the names of each Underwriter in Column A-2 of Exhibit A, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase the respective number of Initial Securities set forth opposite its name in Column A-2 of Exhibit A hereto, subject to such adjustments among the Underwriters as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional Securities, in each case at a price of $15.00 per share.

(b) Option Securities. In addition, on the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to the respective numbers of Option Securities from the Company at a price per share equal to the Purchase Price referred to in Section 2(a) above; provided that the price per share for any Option Securities shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared, paid or payable by the Company on the Initial Securities but not payable on such Option Securities. The option hereby

 

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granted will expire at 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on the 30th day after the date hereof and may be exercised in whole or in part from time to time only for the purpose of covering over-allotments which may be made in connection with the offering and distribution of the Initial Securities upon written notice by the Representatives to the Company setting forth the number of Option Securities as to which the several Underwriters are then exercising the option and the time and date of payment and delivery for such Option Securities. Any such time and date of delivery (an “ Option Closing Date ”) shall be determined by the Representatives, but shall not be earlier than two full business days after the exercise of such option (unless such option is exercised concurrently with the Closing Date) or later than seven full business days after the exercise of said option (unless postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10), nor in any event prior to the Closing Date. If the option is exercised as to all or any portion of the Option Securities, the Company will sell to the Underwriters the total number of Option Securities then being purchased, and each of the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, will purchase that proportion of the total number of Option Securities then being purchased as the number of Initial Securities set forth in Exhibit A hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Initial Securities, plus any additional number of Initial Securities which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 hereof, subject in each case to such adjustments as the Representatives in their discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional shares, provided that the total number of Securities shall not be reduced by such adjustment.

(c) Payment. Payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of, the Initial Securities shall be made at the offices of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, 1600 El Camino Real, Menlo Park, California 94025, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company, at 9:00 A.M. (New York City time) on May 3, 2017 (unless postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10), or such other time not later than five business days after such date as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company (such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called “ Closing Date ”).

In addition, in the event that any or all of the Option Securities are purchased by the Underwriters, payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of, such Option Securities shall be made at the above-mentioned offices at 9:00 A.M. (New York City time), or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company, on each Option Closing Date as specified in the notice from the Representatives to the Company.

Payment shall be made to the Company by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a single bank account designated by the Company, in each case against delivery to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the Underwriters of the Securities to be purchased by them. It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representatives, for its account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Initial Securities and the Option Securities, if any, which it has agreed to purchase. Wells Fargo, individually and not as Representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment of the purchase price for the Initial Securities or the Option Securities, if any, to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds have not been received by the Closing Date or the relevant Option Closing Date, as the case may be, but such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from its obligations hereunder.

(d) Delivery of Securities. Delivery of the Initial Securities and any Option Securities shall be made through the facilities of DTC unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct.

SECTION 3. Covenants of the Carvana Parties . Each of the Carvana Parties covenants with each Underwriter as follows, as applicable:

(a) Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests. The Company, subject to Section 3(b), will comply with the requirements of Rule 430A and Rule 433 and will notify the Representatives promptly, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall be declared or become effective, or when any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall have been filed or distributed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission (and shall promptly furnish the Representatives with a copy of any comment letters and any transcript of oral comments, and shall furnish the Representatives with copies of any written responses

 

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thereto a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed filing thereof with the Commission and will not file any such response to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object by written notice to the Company), (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information including, but not limited to, any request for information concerning any Testing-the-Waters Communication, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the Waters Communication or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing, or any notice from the Commission objecting to the use of the form of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the loss or suspension of any exemption from any such qualification, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes, or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1933 Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act in connection with the offering of the Securities. The Company will make every reasonable effort to prevent the issuance of any stop order and the suspension or loss of any qualification of the Securities for offering or sale and any loss or suspension of any exemption from any such qualification, and if any such stop order is issued, or any such suspension or loss occurs, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.

(b) Filing of Amendments. The Company will give the Representatives notice of its intention to file or prepare any amendment to the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any amendment, supplement or revision to any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, whether pursuant to the 1933 Act or otherwise, and the Company will furnish the Representatives with copies of any such documents within a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing or use, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object by written notice to the Company. The Company will give the Representatives notice of its intention to make any filing pursuant to the 1934 Act or the 1934 Act Regulations from the Applicable Time through the Closing Time (or, if later, through the end of the period during which the Prospectus is required (or, but for the provisions of Rule 172, would be required) to be delivered by applicable law (whether to meet the requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise)) and will furnish the Representatives with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object by written notice to the Company.

(c) Delivery of Registration Statements. The Company has furnished or will deliver to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters, without charge, copies of the Initial Registration Statement and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and of each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith) and copies of all consents and certificates of experts.

(d) Delivery of Prospectuses. The Company has delivered to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each preliminary prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the 1933 Act. The Company will furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, during the period when the Prospectus is required (or, but for the provisions of Rule 172, would be required) to be delivered by applicable law (whether to meet the request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise), such number of copies of the Pre-Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing as such Underwriter may reasonably request.

 

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(e) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus is required (or, but for the provisions of Rule 172, would be required) by the applicable law to be delivered in connection with sales of the Securities (whether to meet the request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise), any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary (or if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall notify the Company that, in their judgment, it is necessary) to amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus so that the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made or then prevailing, not misleading or if it is necessary (or if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall notify the Company that, in their judgment, it is necessary) to amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order to comply with the requirements of the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the 1934 Act or the 1934 Act Regulations, the Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representatives of such event or condition and of its intention to file such amendment or supplement (or, if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall have notified the Company as aforesaid, the Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representatives of its intention to prepare such amendment or supplement) and will as promptly as practicable prepare and file with the Commission, subject to Section 3(b) hereof, such amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such untrue statement or omission or to comply with such requirements, and, in the case of an amendment or post- effective amendment to the Registration Statement, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to have such amendment declared or become effective as soon as practicable, and the Company will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request. If at any time an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement or if an event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary (or, if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall notify the Company that, in their judgment, it is necessary) to amend or supplement such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus so that it will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made or then prevailing, not misleading, or if it is necessary (or, if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall notify the Company that, in their judgment, it is necessary) to amend or supplement such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in order to comply with the requirements of the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations, the Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representatives of such event or condition and of its intention to file such amendment or supplement (or, if the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall have notified the Company as aforesaid, the Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representatives of its intention to prepare such amendment or supplement) and will as promptly as practicable prepare and, if required by the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations, file with the Commission, subject to Section 3(b) hereof, such amendment or supplement as may be necessary to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission or to comply with such requirements, and the Company will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request.

(f) Blue Sky and Other Qualifications. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Securities to be offered and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Representatives may reasonably designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Securities; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.

(g) Rule 158. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the 1934 Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the 1933 Act.

 

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(h) Use of Proceeds . The Company will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities in the manner specified in the Pre-Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds.”

(i) Listing. The Company will use its best efforts to effect the listing of the Securities on the NYSE as and when required by this Agreement.

(j) Restriction on Sale of Securities. During the Lock-Up Period, the Carvana Parties will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, directly or indirectly:

(i) issue, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock,

(ii) file or cause the filing of any registration statement under the 1933 Act with respect to any Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any Common Stock or other capital stock (other than any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement filed to register Securities to be sold to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement); or

(iii) enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement, hedge or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any Common Stock or other capital stock,

whether any transaction described in clause (i) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock, other capital stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing.

Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph, the Carvana Parties, as applicable, may, without the prior written consent of the Representatives:

(1) issue Securities to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement,

(2) issue shares, and options to purchase shares, of Common Stock and restricted stock units pursuant to stock option plans, stock purchase or other equity incentive plans described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as those plans are in effect on the date of this Agreement,

(3) issue shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options issued under stock option or other equity incentive plans referred to in clause (2) above, as those plans are in effect on the date of this Agreement, or upon the vesting, exercise or conversion of warrants or convertible securities outstanding on the date of this Agreement, as those warrants and convertible securities are in effect on the date of this Agreement and described in the General Disclosure Package, and

(4) issue up to 10% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the Closing Date in connection with an acquisition or business combination,

provided, however, that in the case of any issuance described in clause (3) or (4) above, it shall be a condition to the issuance that each recipient executes and delivers to the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters, not later than one business day prior to the date of such issuance, a written agreement, in substantially the form of Exhibit D-1 to this Agreement and otherwise satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives.

 

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If the Representatives, in their sole and absolute discretion, agree to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a lock-up agreement described in Section 5(i) hereof to permit the transfer of shares of Common Stock or other securities by an officer or director of the Carvana Parties and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Exhibit D-2 hereto through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

(k) Reporting Requirements. The Company, during the period when the Prospectus is required (or, but for the provisions of Rule 172, would be required) by applicable law to be delivered (whether to meet the request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173(d) or otherwise), will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations within the time periods required by the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations.

(l) Preparation of Prospectus. Immediately following the execution of this Agreement, the Company will, subject to Section 3(b) hereof, prepare the Prospectus, which shall contain the selling terms of the Securities, the plan of distribution thereof and such other information as may be required by the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations or as the Representatives and the Company may deem appropriate, and, if requested by the Representatives, will prepare an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus containing the information set forth in Exhibit E hereto and such other information as may be required by Rule 433 or as the Representatives and the Company may deem appropriate, and will file or transmit for filing with the Commission the Prospectus in accordance with the provisions of Rule 430A and in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)) and any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 433.

(m) Emerging Growth Company . The Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representative if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of

(i) completion of the distribution of Securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act and (ii) completion of the 180-day restricted period referred to in Section 3(j) hereof.

(n) Written Testing-the-Waters Communication . If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will as promptly as practicable notify the Representatives and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.

SECTION 4. Payment of Expenses .

(a) Expenses. The Company will pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of the Carvana Parties’ obligations under this Agreement and the Transactions, as applicable, including (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto (in each case including exhibits) and any reasonable costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing, (ii) the word processing and delivery to the Underwriters of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates for the Securities and the issuance and delivery of the Securities to be sold by the Company to the Underwriters, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any stamp or other taxes or duties payable in connection with the sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Carvana Parties, (v) the qualification or exemption of the Securities under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(f) hereof, including

 

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filing fees and the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel (up to a maximum of $2,500 for legal fees) for the Underwriters in connection therewith and in connection with the preparation of the Blue Sky Survey and any supplements thereto, (vi) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of each preliminary prospectus, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing, (vii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of the Blue Sky Survey and any Canadian “wrapper” and any supplements thereto, in each case not to exceed $15,000, and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing, (viii) the fees and expenses of the Attorneys-in-Fact, the Custodian and the transfer agent and registrar for the Securities, (ix) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with, the review, if any, by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities, not to exceed $50,000 with respect to such fees and disbursements of counsel, (x) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Securities on the NYSE, (xi) the costs and expenses of the Company and any of its officers, directors, counsel or other representatives in connection with presentations or meetings undertaken in connection with the offering of the Securities, including, without limitation, expenses in connection with any Testing-the-Waters Communication, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics and the production and hosting of any electronic road shows, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with road show presentations, and travel, lodging, transportation, and other expenses of the officers, directors, counsel and other representatives of the Company incurred in connection with any such presentations or meetings, and fifty percent (50%) of the cost of aircraft chartered in connection with the roadshow (it being understood that the other fifty percent (50%) of the cost of such aircraft chartered in connection with the roadshow shall be paid by the Underwriters) (xii) the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the copying and delivery of closing documents and other documents relating to the offering contemplated hereby (and in connection with the preparation and delivery of any electronic versions or compilations of such documents) to the Company, the Company’s accountants and counsel and the Underwriters, and (xiii) all costs and expenses of any third party engaged in connection with or to administer offers and sales of Directed Securities and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with matters relating to the Directed Securities.

(b) Allocation of Expenses. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the provisions of this Section 4 shall not affect any agreement that the Carvana Parties have made or may make for the allocation or sharing of any such expenses and costs.

(c) Termination of Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives in accordance with the provisions of Section 5, 9(a)(i), 9(a)(iii)(A) or 9(a)(v) hereof, the Company shall reimburse the Underwriters for all of their out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters.

SECTION 5. Conditions of Underwriters Obligations . The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder are subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Carvana Parties contained in this Agreement, or in certificates signed by any officer of the Carvana Parties or any subsidiary of the Carvana Parties (whether signed on behalf of such officer, the Carvana Parties or such subsidiary), to the performance by the Carvana Parties of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to the following further conditions:

(a) Effectiveness of Registration Statement. The Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendments thereto have been declared effective, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has become effective, and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have been issued under the 1933 Act or proceedings therefor initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission, and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives and the Commission shall not have notified the Company of any objection to the use of the form of the Registration Statement. The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance upon Rule 424(b)(8)) and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus required to be filed with the Commission shall have been filed in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 433, and, prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall have provided evidence satisfactory to the Representatives of such timely filings.

 

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(b) Opinion of Counsel for Company. At the Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the favorable opinions, dated as of Closing Date, of Kirkland & Ellis LLP, counsel for the Company (“ Company Counsel ”), and of the Company’s General Counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, together with signed or reproduced copies of such opinions for each of the other Underwriters.

(c) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters. At the Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the favorable letter, dated as of Closing Date, of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Underwriters (“ Underwriters Counsel ”), together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters, with respect to the Securities to be sold by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, this Agreement, the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and such other matters as the Representatives may reasonably request.

(d) Officers Certificates. At the Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall not have been, since the date hereof or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (in each case exclusive of any amendments or supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), any material adverse change or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management or business prospects of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, and, at the Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received certificates, signed on behalf of each of the Carvana Parties by the President or the Chief Executive Officer of such party and the Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer of such party, dated as of Closing Date, in their respective capacities as such officers only, to the effect that (i) there has been no such material adverse change, (ii) the representations and warranties of such Carvana Party in this Agreement are true and correct at and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of Closing Date except for any representations and warranties that expressly speak as of a specific date, which representations and warranties are true and correct as of such date, (iii) each Carvana Party has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to Closing Date under or pursuant to this Agreement, and (iv) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of such party, are threatened by the Commission and the Commission has not notified such party of any objection to the use of the form of the Registration Statement.

(e) Accountant s Comfort Letter. At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received from Grant Thornton LLP a letter, dated the date of this Agreement and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information of the Company contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses (other than any electronic road show) and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing.

(f) Bring-down Comfort Letter. At the Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received from Grant Thornton LLP a letter, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (e) of this Section, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than three business days prior to Closing Date.

(g) CFO Certificate . At the time of the execution of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received a certificate signed by the Chief Financial Officer of each of the Carvana Parties, dated as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, respectively, substantially in the form agreed with the Representatives.

 

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(h) Approval of Listing. At the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, the Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters at such time shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice of issuance.

(i) Lock-up Agreements. Prior to the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit D-1 hereto signed by each of the persons listed in Exhibit C hereto.

(j) No Objection. Prior to the date of this Agreement, FINRA shall have confirmed in writing that it has no objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

(k) Transactions. Prior to the purchase of the Initial Securities on the Closing Date, the Transactions shall have been duly consummated at the respective times and on the terms contemplated by this Agreement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and the Representatives shall have received a copy of the amended and restated charter of the Company certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, along with executed copies of the Consents and Waivers, the Tax Receivable Agreements, the Exchange Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Carvana Group, LLC Amendment and such other evidence that the Transactions have been consummated as the Representatives may reasonably request.

(l) Conditions to Purchase of Option Securities. In the event that the Underwriters exercise their option provided in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any portion of the Option Securities on any Option Closing Date that is after the Closing Date, the obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase the applicable Option Securities shall be subject to the conditions specified in the introductory paragraph of this Section 5 and to the further condition that, at the applicable Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received:

(1) Opinion of Counsel for Company . The favorable opinions of Company Counsel and of the Company’s General Counsel, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives and dated such Option Closing Date, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the respective opinions required by Section 5(b) hereof.

(2) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters . The favorable opinion of Underwriters’ Counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives and dated such Option Closing Date, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(c) hereof.

(3) Officers Certificate . Certificates, dated such Option Closing Date, to the effect set forth in, and signed on behalf of each Carvana Party by the officers specified in Section 5(d) hereof, in their respective capacities as officers only, except that the references in such certificate to the Closing Date shall be changed to refer to such Option Closing Date.

(4) Bring-down Comfort Letter . A letter from Grant Thornton LLP, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives and dated such Option Closing Date, substantially in the same form and substance as the letter furnished to the Representatives pursuant to Section 5(f) hereof, except that the specified date in the letter furnished pursuant to this paragraph shall be a date not more than three business days prior to such Option Closing Date, and except that such letter shall also cover any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any electronic road show) and the Prospectus subsequent to the Closing Date.

 

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(5) CFO Certificate . A certificate signed by the Chief Financial Officer of each of the Carvana Parties, dated such Option Closing Date, substantially in the form agreed with the Representatives.

(m) Additional Documents. At the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, counsel for the Underwriters shall have been furnished with such documents as they may reasonably require for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, contained in this Agreement, or as the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters may otherwise reasonably request; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated and in connection with the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives.

(n) Termination of Agreement. If any condition specified in this Section 5 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement, or, in the case of any condition to the purchase of Option Securities on an Option Closing Date which is after the Closing Date, the obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase the relevant Option Securities on such Option Closing Date, may be terminated by the Representatives by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to Closing Date or such Option Closing Date, as the case may be, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 hereof and except that, in the case of any such termination of this Agreement, Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19 hereof shall survive such termination of this Agreement and remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 6. Indemnification .

(a) Indemnification by the Carvana Parties. The Carvana Parties jointly and severally agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, and its and their officers, directors, employees, partners and members and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act as follows:

(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing), or in any “issuer information” (as defined in Rule 433), or in any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433) that does not constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 6(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Carvana Parties; and

 

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(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing for or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,

provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Carvana Parties by any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or in any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing), it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriters as aforesaid consists of the information described as such in Section 6(b) hereof.

(b) Indemnification by the Underwriters . Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Carvana Parties, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls such Carvana Party within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section 6, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing), in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Carvana Parties by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein. The Carvana Parties hereby acknowledge and agree that the information furnished to the Carvana Parties by the Underwriters through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing), consists exclusively of the following information appearing under the caption “Underwriting” in the Pre- Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus: (i) the information regarding the concession appearing in the seventh paragraph under such caption and (ii) the information regarding stabilization, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids appearing in the fifteenth, sixteenth and eighteenth paragraphs under such caption (but only insofar as such information concerns the Underwriters).

(c) Actions Against Parties; Notification. Each indemnified party shall give written notice as promptly as reasonably practicable to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof. Counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected as follows: counsel to the Underwriters and the other indemnified parties referred to in Section 6(a) above shall be selected by the Representatives, and counsel to the Carvana Parties, such party’s directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Carvana Parties within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall be selected by the Carvana Parties. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. In no event shall the indemnifying party be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for the Underwriters and the other indemnified parties referred to in Section 6(a) above, and the fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for the Carvana Parties, such party’s directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Carvana Parties within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, in each case in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 6 or Section 7 hereof (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

 

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(d) Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. If at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this Section 6, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 6(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.

(e) Indemnification for Directed Securities. In addition to and without limitation to the obligations of the Carvana Parties to indemnify each Underwriter, its affiliates, and its and their officers, directors, employees, partners and members and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act pursuant to the other provisions of this Section 6, the Carvana Parties agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, and its and their officers, directors, employees, partners and members and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act as follows:

(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, (A) arising out of the violation of any applicable laws, rules or regulations of any foreign jurisdictions where Directed Securities have been or are offered or sold, (B) arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement contained in any prospectus “wrapper” or other material prepared by or with the consent of the Carvana Parties for delivery or distribution to Directed Securities Offerees or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (C) arising out of the failure of any Directed Security Offeree to pay for or accept delivery of the Directed Securities which such Directed Security Offeree agreed (orally or in writing, including, without limitation, by email, by notice of acceptance given by means of a website or by any other form of electronic communication) to purchase, or (D) otherwise arising out of or in connection with the offering or sale of the Directed Securities;

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any matter referred to in (i) above; provided that (subject to Section 6(d) above) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Carvana Parties; and

(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever (including the fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Representatives), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing for or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any matter referred to in (i) above, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above.

SECTION 7. Contribution . If the indemnification provided for in Section 6 hereof is for any reason unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Carvana Parties on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Carvana Parties on the one hand and of the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions (or, in the case of indemnification pursuant to Section 6(e) above, arising out of or based upon any matters referred to in such Section) which resulted in such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.

 

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The relative benefits received by the Carvana Parties on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Carvana Parties and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Securities as set forth on such cover.

The relative fault of the Carvana Parties on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Carvana Parties on the one hand or by the Underwriters on the other hand and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

The Carvana Parties and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 7. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 7 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing for or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission or, in the case of Section 6(e) above, any matters referred to in such Section.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.

No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

For purposes of this Section 7, each affiliate of any Underwriter, each officer, director, employee, partner and member of any Underwriter or any such affiliate, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter and each director of the Carvana Parties, each officer of the Carvana Parties who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Carvana Parties within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Carvana Parties. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the number of Initial Securities set forth opposite their respective names in Exhibit A hereto and not joint.

SECTION 8. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive Delivery . All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates signed by any officer of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries (whether signed on behalf of such officer, any Carvana Party or such subsidiary) and delivered to the Representatives or counsel to the Underwriters, shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, any officer, director, employee, partner, member or agent of any Underwriter or any person controlling any Underwriter, or by or on behalf of the Carvana Parties, any officer, director or employee of the Carvana Parties or any person controlling either of the Carvana Parties, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Securities.

 

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SECTION 9. Termination of Agreement .

(a) Termination; General. The Representatives may terminate this Agreement, by written notice to the Company, at any time on or prior to Closing Date (and, if any Option Securities are to be purchased on an Option Closing Date which occurs after the Closing Date, the Representatives may terminate the obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase such Option Securities, by written notice to the Company at any time on or prior to such Option Closing Date) (i) if there has been, at any time on or after the date of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (in each case exclusive of any amendments or supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement), any material adverse change or any development that would reasonably expected to result in a material adverse change in the financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management or business prospects of the Carvana Parties and their respective subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions (including, without limitation, as a result of terrorist activities), in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Securities or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, or (iii) if (A) trading in any securities of the Company has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the NYSE, or (B) trading generally on the NYSE, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the NYSE Amex, the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade has been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority, or (C) a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States or in Europe, or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either Federal or New York authorities or (v) if there shall have occurred, at any time on or after the date of this Agreement, any downgrading in the rating of any debt securities of or guaranteed by the Company, any Preferred Stock of the Company or any debt securities, preferred stock or trust preferred securities of any subsidiary or subsidiary trust of the Company by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the 1934 Act) or any public announcement that any such organization has placed its rating on the Company or any such debt securities, Preferred Stock or other securities under surveillance or review or on a so-called “watch list” (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading, and no implication of a possible downgrading, of such rating) or any announcement by any such organization that the Company or any such debt securities, Preferred Stock or other securities has been placed on negative outlook.

(b) Liabilities. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section 9, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 hereof and except that Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19 hereof shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 10. Default by One or More of the Underwriters .

(a) If one or more of the Underwriters shall fail at the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date to purchase the Securities which it or they are obligated to purchase under this Agreement (the “ Defaulted Securities ”), the Representatives shall have the right, within 24 hours thereafter, to make arrangements for one or more of the non-defaulting Underwriters, or any other underwriters, to purchase all, but not less than all, of the Defaulted Securities in such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms herein set forth; if, however, the Representatives shall not have completed such arrangements within such 24-hour period, then:

(1) if the number of Defaulted Securities does not exceed 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, each of the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, to purchase the full amount of such Defaulted Securities in the proportions that their respective underwriting obligations hereunder bear to the underwriting obligations of all non-defaulting Underwriters; or

 

29


(2) if the number of Defaulted Securities exceeds 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, this Agreement or, with respect to any Option Closing Date which occurs after the Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase and of the Company to sell the Option Securities that were to have been purchased and sold on such Option Closing Date, shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter.

No action taken pursuant to this Section 10(a) shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of its default.

In the event of any such default which does not result in a termination of this Agreement or, in the case of an Option Closing Date which is after the Closing Date, which does not result in a termination of the obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and the Company to sell the relevant Option Securities, as the case may be, the Representatives shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date or the relevant Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for a period not exceeding seven days in order to effect any required changes in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements. As used herein, the term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10.

SECTION 11. Notices . All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing, shall be effective only upon receipt and shall be mailed, delivered by hand or overnight courier, or transmitted by fax (with the receipt of such fax to be confirmed by telephone). Notices to the Underwriters shall be directed to the Representatives at Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 375 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10152, Attention of Equity Syndicate, fax no. 212-214-5918 (with such fax to be confirmed by telephone to 212-214-6144, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, One Bryant Park, New York, New York 10036, attention of Syndicate Department (facsimile: (646) 855-3073), with a copy to ECM Legal (facsimile: (212) 230-8730), Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013 Attention: General Counsel, facsimile number 1- 646-291-1469, and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., 60 Wall Street, 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10005, Attention: Equity Capital Markets – Syndicate Desk, with a copy to Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., 60 Wall Street, 36th Floor, New York, New York 10005, Attention: General Counsel, fax: (212) 797-4561; and notices to the Carvana Parties shall be directed to the Company at Carvana Co., Attention of Paul Breaux, fax no. (480) 401-5770, EXT 10154 (with such fax to be confirmed by telephone to 512.217.3905).

SECTION 12. Parties . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters, the Carvana Parties and their respective successors. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Underwriters, the Carvana Parties and their respective successors and the controlling persons and other indemnified parties referred to in Sections 6 and 7 and their successors, heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Underwriters, the Carvana Parties and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and other indemnified parties and their successors, heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person or entity. No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor by reason merely of such purchase.

SECTION 13. GOVERNING LAW AND TIME . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.

SECTION 14. Effect of Headings . The Section and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 15. Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

Applicable Time ” means 6:40 P.M. (New York City time) on April 27, 2017 or such other time as agreed by the Company and the Representatives.

 

30


Commission ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Company Documents ” means (i) all Subject Instruments and (ii) all other contracts, indentures, mortgages, deeds of trust, loan or credit agreements, bonds, notes, debentures, evidences of indebtedness, swap agreements, hedging agreements, leases or other instruments or agreements to which the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is a party or by which either of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries is subject.

DTC ” means The Depository Trust Company.

EDGAR ” means the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System.

ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder.

Existing Credit Agreements ” means the Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Security Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2015, as amended on December 30, 2015 and November 9, 2016, among Ally Bank, Ally Financial and Carvana, LLC and the Master Loan Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2017 among the Carvana Group, LLC and Verde Investments, Inc., each as amended, supplemented or restated, if applicable, and in each case including any promissory notes, pledge agreements, security agreements, mortgages, guarantees and other instruments or agreements entered into by the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries in connection therewith or pursuant thereto, in each case as amended, supplemented or restated, if applicable.

FINRA ” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

GAAP ” means generally accepted accounting principles.

Initial Registration Statement ” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333- 217085), as amended (if applicable), including the Rule 430A Information from and after the time that such Rule 430A information is deemed, pursuant to Rule 430A, to be part of and included in the Initial Registration Statement.

Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus ” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended solely for distribution to Directed Share Offerees, as evidenced by its being specified in Exhibit G hereto.

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the offering of the Securities that (i) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) is a “road show” that is a “written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Securities or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, and all free writing prospectuses that are listed in Exhibits F and G hereto, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).

Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus ” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Exhibit F hereto.

Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus ” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus or an Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus.

Lien ” means any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity.

Lock-Up Period ” means the period beginning on and including the date of this Agreement through and including the date that is the 180th day after the date of this Agreement.

 

31


NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange.

OFAC ” means the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.

Organizational Documents ” means (a) in the case of a corporation, its charter and by-laws; (b) in the case of a limited or general partnership, its partnership certificate, certificate of formation or similar organizational document and its partnership agreement; (c) in the case of a limited liability company, its articles of organization, certificate of formation or similar organizational documents and its operating agreement, limited liability company agreement, membership agreement or other similar agreement; (d) in the case of a trust, its certificate of trust, certificate of formation or similar organizational document and its trust agreement or other similar agreement; and (e) in the case of any other entity, the organizational and governing documents of such entity.

Pre-Pricing Prospectus ” means the preliminary prospectus dated April 27, 2017 relating to the Securities in the form first furnished to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities.

PCAOB ” means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).

Preferred Stock ” means the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

preliminary prospectus ” means any prospectus used in connection with the offering of the Securities that omitted the public offering price of the Securities or that was captioned “Subject to Completion”. The term “preliminary prospectus” includes, without limitation, the Pre-Pricing Prospectus.

Registration Statement ” means the Initial Registration Statement; provided that, if a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed with the Commission, then the term “Registration Statement” shall include such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement from and after the time of such filing, mutatis mutandis.

Regulation S-T ” means Regulation S-T of the Commission.

Repayment Event ” means any event or condition which, either immediately or with notice or passage of time or both, (i) gives the holder of any bond, note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, or (ii) gives any counterparty (or any person acting on such counterparty’s behalf) under any swap agreement, hedging agreement or similar agreement or instrument to which the Company or any subsidiary of the Company is a party the right to liquidate or accelerate the payment obligations or designate an early termination date under such agreement or instrument, as the case may be.

Rule 164 ,” “ Rule 172 ,” “ Rule 173 ,” “ Rule 405 ,” “ Rule 424(b) ,” “ Rule 430A ,” “ Rule 430C ,” “ Rule 433 ” and “ Rule 462(b) ” refer to such rules under the 1933 Act.

Rule 430A Information ” means the information included in the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto that was omitted from the Initial Registration Statement at the time it became effective but that is deemed to be a part of the Initial Registration Statement at the time it became effective pursuant to Rule 430A.

Rule 462(b) Registration Statement ” means a registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) for the purpose of registering any of the Securities under the 1933 Act, including the documents and other information incorporated by reference therein and the Rule 430A Information.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act ” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof.

Subject Instruments ” means the Existing Credit Agreements and all other instruments, agreements and documents filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K of the Commission; provided that if any instrument, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration

 

32


Statement as aforesaid has been redacted or if any portion thereof has been deleted or is otherwise not included as part of such exhibit (whether pursuant to a request for confidential treatment or otherwise), the term “Subject Instruments” shall nonetheless mean such instrument, agreement or other document, as the case may be, in its entirety, including any portions thereof which shall have been so redacted, deleted or otherwise not filed.

Termination Event ” means any event or condition which gives any person the right, either immediately or with notice or passage of time or both, to terminate or limit (in whole or in part) any Company Documents or any rights of the Carvana Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries thereunder, including, without limitation, upon the occurrence of a change of control of the Carvana Parties or other similar events.

Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the 1933 Act.

UNSC ” means the United Nations Security Council.

Written Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the 1933 Act.

1933 Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

1933 Act Regulations ” means the rules and regulations of the Commission under the 1933 Act.

1934 Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

1934 Act Regulations ” means the rules and regulations of the Commission under the 1934 Act.

1940 Act ” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Initial Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the version thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR and all versions thereof delivered (physically or electronically) to the Representatives or the Underwriters.

SECTION 16. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses . The Company represents, warrants and agrees that it has not made and, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representatives, it will not make, any offer relating to the Securities that constitutes or would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 433) or that otherwise constitutes or would constitute a “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405) or portion thereof required to be filed with the Commission or required to be retained by the Company pursuant to Rule 433; provided that the prior written consent of the Representatives shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, listed on Exhibit F hereto, to any electronic road show in the form previously provided by the Company to and approved by the Representatives, and to any Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus listed on Exhibit G hereto. Any such free writing prospectus consented to or deemed to have been consented to as aforesaid is hereinafter referred to as a “ Permitted Free Writing Prospectus .” The Company represents, warrants and agrees that it has treated and will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping, and the only information included in any Issuer DSP Free Writing Prospectus is the same information that is set forth in Exhibit E hereto. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit F or Exhibit G hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

 

33


SECTION 17. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship . Each of the Carvana Parties acknowledges and agrees

that:

(a) each of the Underwriters is acting solely as an underwriter in connection with the sale of the Securities and no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Carvana Parties, on the one hand, and any of the Underwriters, on the other hand, has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not any of the Underwriters has advised or is advising the Carvana Parties on other matters;

(b) the public offering price of the Securities and the price to be paid by the Underwriters for the Securities set forth in this Agreement were established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Representatives;

(c) it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

(d) it is aware that the Underwriters and their respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Carvana Parties and that none of the Underwriters has any obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Carvana Parties by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and

(e) it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against any of the Underwriters for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that none of the Underwriters shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Carvana Parties or any stockholders, employees or creditors of the Carvana Parties.

SECTION 18. Research Analyst Independence . The Carvana Parties acknowledge that the Underwriters’ respective research analysts and research departments are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that such Underwriters’ respective research analysts and research departments may hold views and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of their respective investment banking divisions. The Carvana Parties hereby waive and release, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any claims that the Carvana Parties may have against the Underwriters with respect to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their respective research analysts and research departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Carvana Parties by such Underwriters’ respective investment banking divisions. The Carvana Parties acknowledge that each of the Underwriters is a full service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short positions in debt or equity securities of the Company and other entities that may be the subject of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

SECTION 19. Trial By Jury . Each of the Carvana Parties (on its own behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

[Signature Page Follows]

 

34


If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the Underwriters and the Carvana Parties in accordance with its terms.

 

Very truly yours,
CARVANA CO.
By  

/s/ Paul Breaux

  Name: Paul Breaux
  Title: Vice President, General Counsel and
 

Secretary

CARVANA GROUP, LLC
By  

/s/ Paul Breaux

  Name: Paul Breaux
  Title: Vice President

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]


CONFIRMED AND ACCEPTED, as of the date first
  above written:
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH
INCORPORATED
CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
By:   WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
By  

/s/ Adam Stoeckel

  Authorized Signatory
By:   MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH
  INCORPORATED
By  

/s/ Ric Spencer

  Authorized Signatory
By:   CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
By  

/s/ Christain Anderson

  Authorized Signatory
By:   DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.
By  

/s/ Russell Schmidt

  Authorized Signatory
By  

/s/ Warren Estey

  Authorized Signatory

For themselves and as Representatives of the Underwriters named in Exhibit A hereto.

[ Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement ]

 


EXHIBIT A

 

     A-1      A-2  

Name of Underwriter

   Number of
Initial
Securities
     Number of
Initial
Securities
 

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

     3,621,667        353,333  

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
        Incorporated

     3,621,666        353,333  

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

     2,528,333        246,667  

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

     2,528,334        246,666  

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated

     410,000        40,000  

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

     410,000        40,000  

BMO Capital Markets Corp.

     273,333        26,667  

JMP Securities LLC

     273,334        26,667  

Total

     13,666,667        1,333,333  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

A-1


EXHIBIT B

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE CARVANA PARTIES

 

MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES

 

Name

  

Jurisdiction of
Organization

  

Type of Entity

  

Managing Member

Carvana Co. Sub LLC

   Delaware    Limited Liability Company    Carvana Co.

Carvana, LLC

   Arizona    Limited Liability Company    Carvana Group, LLC

Carvana Auto Receivables, LLC

   Delaware    Limited Liability Company    Carvana, LLC

Carvana Auto Receivables 2016-1 LLC

   Delaware    Limited Liability Company    Carvana, LLC

Carvana Shipping and Delivery, LLC

   Arizona    Limited Liability Company    Carvana, LLC

 

B-1


EXHIBIT C

LIST OF PERSONS SUBJECT TO LOCK-UP

 

2014 Fidel Family

Trust Date June 16, 2014

 

William Adams

 

Teresa Aragon

 

Christopher Aylward

 

Carl Bailey

 

Richard Ball

 

Suhail Bayot

 

Eric Blatz

 

Ryan Blatz

 

Bobby Borszich

 

Paul Breaux

 

Sidney Bridges

 

Kevin Coyle

 

Paul Curry

 

CVAN Holdings LLC

 

Alex Devkar

 

Josh Dollison

  

Matt Dundas

 

Keith Dunlap

 

Sean Dupre

 

DriveTime Sales and

Finance Company

LLC

 

Leonid Epshtein

 

Jared Foster

 

Nate Fuller

 

David Fye

 

Ernest C. Garcia II

 

Ernest C. Garcia III

 

Ernest C. Garcia III

Multi-Generational

Trust III

 

Ernest Irrevocable

2004 Trust III

 

Daniel Gill

 

Justin Graham

 

Michael Grantham

 

GV Auto I, LLC

  

Brian Henze

 

Zachary Huber

 

Benjamin Huston

 

Mark Jenkins

 

Imran Kazi

 

Glenn Kees

 

Ryan Keeton

 

Christina Keiser

 

Paul Keister

 

David Ledford

 

Stella Wenxing Liu

 

Jonathon McCutcheon

 

Mike McKeever

 

John McKeon

 

Jeff McLellan

 

Xan Michaels

 

Milton Moskowitz

 

James Naylor

  

Christopher Olson

 

John Piatak

 

Jessica Querin

 

Michael Rennie Jr.

 

Nemenja Samailovic

 

Adrienne Sanford

 

Chris Santone

 

Brett Sassenberg

 

Justin Schmidt

 

Jason Scott

 

Jon Seitel

 

Jason Tucker

 

Cem Vardar

 

Don Webster

 

Ellen Williams

 

Scott Wood

 

CAO Investment, LLC

 

 

C-1


EXHIBIT D-1

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT


FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

Carvana Co.

Public Offering of Class A Common Stock

Dated as of [            ], [     ]

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

As Representatives of the several Underwriters

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10152

c/o Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This agreement is being delivered to you in connection with the proposed Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. as representatives (the “ Representatives ”) of a group of underwriters (the “ Underwriters ”) and the other parties thereto (if any), relating to a proposed underwritten public offering of Class A common stock (the “ Common Stock ”) of the Company (the “Public Offering”).

In order to induce you and the other Underwriters to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, and in light of the benefits that the offering of the Common Stock will confer upon the undersigned in its capacity as a securityholder and/or an officer or director of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with each Underwriter that, during the period beginning on and including the date of first public filing of the registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering through and including the date that is the 180th day after the date of the Underwriting Agreement (such period, the “ Lock-Up Period ”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, directly or indirectly:


(i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of the Company’s Common Stock or preferred stock or other capital stock (collectively, “ capital stock ”) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, including units of Carvana Group, LLC (“ Units”) , whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or

(ii) enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequence of ownership of any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any Common Stock or other capital stock,

whether any transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock, Units, other capital stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed shares of Common Stock the undersigned may purchase in the offering contemplated by this agreement.

Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph, the undersigned may, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, transfer any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, Units or other capital stock:

(1) if the undersigned is a natural person, by will, by intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, in each case to any member of the immediate family (as defined below) of the undersigned or to a trust the beneficiaries of which are exclusively the undersigned or members of the undersigned’s immediate family,

(2) as a bona fide gift or gifts, including a bona fide gift or gifts to a charity or educational institution,

(3) if the undersigned is a partnership or a limited liability company, to a partner or member, as the case may be, of such partnership or limited liability company or any wholly-owned subsidiary of the undersigned or to an affiliate under common control with the undersigned, if in any such case, such transfer is not for value,

(4) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement,

(5) in any exchange of Units and a corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock into or for shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) in a manner consistent with the provisions therefor set forth in the prospectus for the Public Offering (the “ Prospectus ”); provided that to the extent a public announcement or filing under the 1934 Act (as defined below), if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the exchange, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that such exchange occurred pursuant to the exchange agreement among the Company and certain owners of Carvana Group, LLC and no transfer of the shares of Common Stock or other securities received upon exchange may be made during the Lock-Up Period;

 

 

2


(6) pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer made to all holders of the Common Stock or Units or a merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction, involving a change of control of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company (and nothing in this Lock-Up Agreement shall prohibit the undersigned from voting in favor of any such transaction or taking any other action in connection with such transaction), provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Common Stock or Units owned by the undersigned shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement,

(7) in connection with the acquisition of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock pursuant to stock option or incentive plans disclosed in the Prospectus, provided that any such Common Stock received upon such exercise shall be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (7), no shares were sold by the reporting person and the shares received upon exercise of the options are subject to a lock-up agreement with the underwriters of the Public Offering,

(8) to the Company (a) pursuant to the exercise, on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis, of any option to purchase Common Stock granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus or otherwise outstanding on the date hereof, or (b) for the purpose of satisfying any withholding taxes (including estimated taxes) due as a result of the exercise of any option to purchase Common Stock or the vesting of any awards granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (8), or

(9) transfers to the Company of Common Stock or Units in connection with the termination of service of an employee pursuant to agreements that provide the Company with an option to repurchase such shares, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (9);

provided, however, that in the case of any transfer described in clauses (1) through (5) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (A) the transferee executes and delivers to the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters, not later than one business day prior to such transfer, a written agreement, in substantially the form of this agreement (it being understood that any references to “immediate family” in the agreement executed by such transferee shall expressly refer only to the immediate family of the undersigned and not to the immediate family of the transferee), (B) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clause (1) above, if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ 1934 Act ”), reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer is not a transfer for value and that such transfer is being made by will or intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, as the case may be, (C) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (2) through (4) above, no filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock shall be required to be made during the Lock-Up Period and (D) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (1) through (5) and (7) through (9) above, no voluntary filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other voluntary public report, filing or announcement shall be made in respect of such transfer during this Lock-Up Period. For purposes of this agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than the first cousin. For purposes of clause (6), “change of control” shall mean the consummation

 

 

3


of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the 1934 Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the 1934 Act) of a majority of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company or Carvana Group, LLC.

The restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement shall not apply to (i) any transfer in connection with, and as contemplated by, the “Organizational Transactions” described in the Prospectus related to the Public Offering; provided that any shares of Common Stock, Units, capital stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or Units received in such transactions remain subject to the terms of this letter; or (ii) to the establishment of a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the 1934 Act, provided that no sales of Common Stock, Units or other capital stock shall occur under such plan and no public disclosure of any such action shall be required or shall be made voluntarily by any person regarding the establishment of such plan prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period.

Prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the restrictions imposed by this agreement at any time during the period from and including the date of this agreement, the undersigned will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period has expired.

The undersigned further agrees that (i) it will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration under the 1933 Act, of any shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, provided that , to the extent the undersigned has demand and/or piggyback registration rights, the foregoing shall not prohibit the undersigned from notifying the Company that it is or will be exercising its demand and/or piggyback registration rights following the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and undertaking preparations related thereto, so long as no public announcement of such notification or demand shall be made during the Lock-Up period and such notification would not require the Company during the Lock-Up Period to file, or make a public announcement of its intention to file, a registration statement, and (ii) the Company may, with respect to any Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock owned or held (of record or beneficially) by the undersigned, cause the transfer agent or other registrar to enter stop transfer instructions and implement stop transfer procedures with respect to such securities during the Lock-Up Period.

The undersigned hereby waives any and all notice requirements and rights with respect to the registration of any securities pursuant to any agreement, instrument, understanding or otherwise, including any registration rights agreement or similar agreement, to which the undersigned is a party or under which the undersigned is entitled to any right or benefit and any tag-along rights, co-sale rights or other rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included in the offering contemplated by this agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, provided that such waiver shall apply only to the public offering of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and each registration statement filed under the 1933 Act in connection therewith.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (1) the Representatives agree that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of the Common Stock or other securities, they will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (2) the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Representatives to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (ii) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives may elect whether or not to grant any such release or waiver in their sole and absolute discretion.

 

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The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this agreement and that this agreement has been duly authorized (if applicable), executed and delivered by the undersigned and is a valid and binding agreement of the undersigned. This agreement and all authority herein conferred are irrevocable and shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned (if a natural person) and shall be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall automatically terminate and be of no further effect upon the earliest to occur, if any, of: (i) the date of the filing with the SEC of a notice of withdrawal of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering pursuant to Rule 477 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (ii) the Company advises the Representatives in writing prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but is terminated (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the shares of Common Stock to be sold thereunder, and (iv) September 30, 2017, in the event that the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed on or before that date.

The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that whether or not any public offering of Common Stock actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions.

THE AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

[Signature Page Immediately Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and delivered this agreement as of the date first set forth above.

 

        Very truly yours,
IF AN INDIVIDUAL :       IF AN ENTITY:
By:  

 

     

 

  (duly authorized signature)       (please print complete name of entity)
Name:  

 

      By:  

 

  (please print full name)         (duly authorized signature)
        Name:  

 

          (please print full name)
        Title:  

 

          (please print full title)
         
Address:       Address:

 

     

 

 

     

 

E-mail:  

 

      E-mail:  

 

 

6


FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT FOR ERNIE GARCIA II

 

 

 

 


FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT FOR ERNIE GARCIA II

Carvana Co.

Public Offering of Class A Common Stock

Dated as of [            ], [    ]

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

As Representatives of the several Underwriters

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10152

c/o Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This agreement is being delivered to you in connection with the proposed Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. as representatives (the “ Representatives ”) of a group of underwriters (the “ Underwriters ”) and the other parties thereto (if any), relating to a proposed underwritten public offering of Class A common stock (the “ Common Stock ”) of the Company (the “Public Offering”).

In order to induce you and the other Underwriters to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, and in light of the benefits that the offering of the Common Stock will confer upon the undersigned in its capacity as a securityholder and/or an officer or director of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with each Underwriter that, during the period beginning on and including the date of first public filing of the registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering through and including the date that is the 180th day after the date of the Underwriting Agreement (such period, the “ Lock-Up Period ”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, directly or indirectly:


(i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of the Company’s Common Stock or preferred stock or other capital stock (collectively, “ capital stock ”) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, including units of Carvana Group, LLC (“ Units”) , whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or

(ii) enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequence of ownership of any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any Common Stock or other capital stock,

whether any transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock, Units, other capital stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed shares of Common Stock the undersigned may purchase in the offering contemplated by this agreement.

Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph, the undersigned may, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, transfer any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, Units or other capital stock:

(1) if the undersigned is a natural person, by will, by intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, in each case to any member of the immediate family (as defined below) of the undersigned or to a trust the beneficiaries of which are exclusively the undersigned or members of the undersigned’s immediate family,

(2) as a bona fide gift or gifts, including a bona fide gift or gifts to a charity or educational institution,

(3) if the undersigned is a partnership or a limited liability company, to a partner or member, as the case may be, of such partnership or limited liability company or any wholly-owned subsidiary of the undersigned or to an affiliate under common control with the undersigned, if in any such case, such transfer is not for value,

(4) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement,

(5) in any exchange of Units and a corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock into or for shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) in a manner consistent with the provisions therefor set forth in the prospectus for the Public Offering (the “ Prospectus ”); provided that to the extent a public announcement or filing under the 1934 Act (as defined below), if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the exchange, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that such exchange occurred pursuant to the exchange agreement among the Company and certain owners of Carvana Group, LLC and no transfer of the shares of Common Stock or other securities received upon exchange may be made during the Lock-Up Period;

 

 

2


(6) pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer made to all holders of the Common Stock or Units or a merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction, involving a change of control of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company (and nothing in this Lock-Up Agreement shall prohibit the undersigned from voting in favor of any such transaction or taking any other action in connection with such transaction), provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Common Stock or Units owned by the undersigned shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement,

(7) in connection with the acquisition of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock pursuant to stock option or incentive plans disclosed in the Prospectus, provided that any such Common Stock received upon such exercise shall be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (7), no shares were sold by the reporting person and the shares received upon exercise of the options are subject to a lock-up agreement with the underwriters of the Public Offering,

(8) to the Company (a) pursuant to the exercise, on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis, of any option to purchase Common Stock granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus or otherwise outstanding on the date hereof, or (b) for the purpose of satisfying any withholding taxes (including estimated taxes) due as a result of the exercise of any option to purchase Common Stock or the vesting of any awards granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (8),

(9) transfers to the Company of Common Stock or Units in connection with the termination of service of an employee pursuant to agreements that provide the Company with an option to repurchase such shares, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (9),

(10) in the case of DriveTime Sales and Finance Company LLC, a transfer or distribution to its direct or indirect members or other beneficial owners (including through a dividend by DriveTime Automotive Group, Inc.) and/or transfer or contribution to any entity controlled by such members or beneficial owners, or

(11) transfers pursuant to the Option to Purchase Class C Preferred Units of Carvana Group, LLC, as such agreement is in existence on the date hereof and disclosed to the Representatives;

provided, however, that in the case of any transfer described in clauses (1) through (5) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (A) the transferee executes and delivers to the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters, not later than one business day prior to such transfer, a written agreement, in substantially the form of this agreement (it being understood that any references to “immediate family” in the agreement executed by such transferee shall expressly refer only to the immediate family of the undersigned and not to the immediate family of the transferee), (B) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clause (1) above, if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ 1934 Act ”), reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer is not a transfer for value and that such transfer is being made by will or intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, as

 

3


the case may be, (C) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (2) through (4) above, no filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock shall be required to be made during the Lock-Up Period, (D) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (1) through (5) and (7) through (11) above, no voluntary filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other voluntary public report, filing or announcement shall be made in respect of such transfer during this Lock-Up Period and (E) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (10) and (11) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (i) the ultimate transferee is already party to a written agreement, in substantially the form of this agreement or in the form of a joinder to this agreement, with the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters and (ii) if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer is being made pursuant to a preexisting agreement and/or the shares remain subject to the lock-up agreement, as the case may be, without naming the counterparty. For purposes of this agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than the first cousin. For purposes of clause (6), “change of control” shall mean the consummation of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the 1934 Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the 1934 Act) of a majority of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company or Carvana Group, LLC .

The restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement shall not apply to (i) any transfer in connection with, and as contemplated by, the “Organizational Transactions” described in the Prospectus related to the Public Offering; provided that any shares of Common Stock, Units, capital stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or Units received in such transactions remain subject to the terms of this letter; or (ii) to the establishment of a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the 1934 Act, provided that no sales of Common Stock, Units or other capital stock shall occur under such plan and no public disclosure of any such action shall be required or shall be made voluntarily by any person regarding the establishment of such plan prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period.

Prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the restrictions imposed by this agreement at any time during the period from and including the date of this agreement, the undersigned will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period has expired.

The undersigned further agrees that (i) it will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration under the 1933 Act, of any shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, provided that , to the extent the undersigned has demand and/or piggyback registration rights, the foregoing shall not prohibit the undersigned from notifying the Company that it is or will be exercising its demand and/or piggyback registration rights following the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and undertaking preparations related thereto, so long as no public announcement of such notification or demand shall be made during the Lock-Up period and such notification would not require the Company during the Lock-Up Period to file, or make a public announcement of its intention to file, a registration statement, and (ii) the Company may, with respect to any Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock owned or held (of record or beneficially) by the undersigned, cause the transfer agent or other registrar to enter stop transfer instructions and implement stop transfer procedures with respect to such securities during the Lock-Up Period.

 

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The undersigned hereby waives any and all notice requirements and rights with respect to the registration of any securities pursuant to any agreement, instrument, understanding or otherwise, including any registration rights agreement or similar agreement, to which the undersigned is a party or under which the undersigned is entitled to any right or benefit and any tag-along rights, co-sale rights or other rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included in the offering contemplated by this agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, provided that such waiver shall apply only to the public offering of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and each registration statement filed under the 1933 Act in connection therewith.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (1) the Representatives agree that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of the Common Stock or other securities, they will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (2) the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Representatives to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (ii) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives may elect whether or not to grant any such release or waiver in their sole and absolute discretion.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this agreement and that this agreement has been duly authorized (if applicable), executed and delivered by the undersigned and is a valid and binding agreement of the undersigned. This agreement and all authority herein conferred are irrevocable and shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned (if a natural person) and shall be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall automatically terminate and be of no further effect upon the earliest to occur, if any, of: (i) the date of the filing with the SEC of a notice of withdrawal of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering pursuant to Rule 477 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (ii) the Company advises the Representatives in writing prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but is terminated (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the shares of Common Stock to be sold thereunder, and (iv) September 30, 2017, in the event that the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed on or before that date.

The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that whether or not any public offering of Common Stock actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions.

THE AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

[Signature Page Immediately Follows]

 

 

5


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and delivered this agreement as of the date first set forth above.

 

        Very truly yours,
IF AN INDIVIDUAL :       IF AN ENTITY:
By:  

 

     

 

  (duly authorized signature)       (please print complete name of entity)
Name:  

 

      By:  

 

  (please print full name)         (duly authorized signature)
        Name:  

 

          (please print full name)
        Title:  

 

          (please print full title)
         
Address:       Address:

 

     

 

 

     

 

E-mail:  

 

      E-mail:  

 

 

6


FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT FOR DRIVETIME

 

 

 

 


FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT FOR DRIVETIME

Carvana Co.

Public Offering of Class A Common Stock

Dated as of [            ], [    ]

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

As Representatives of the several Underwriters

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10152

c/o Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

One Bryant Park

New York, New York 10036

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

388 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10013

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This agreement is being delivered to you in connection with the proposed Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. as representatives (the “ Representatives ”) of a group of underwriters (the “ Underwriters ”) and the other parties thereto (if any), relating to a proposed underwritten public offering of Class A common stock (the “ Common Stock ”) of the Company (the “Public Offering”).

In order to induce you and the other Underwriters to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, and in light of the benefits that the offering of the Common Stock will confer upon the undersigned in its capacity as a securityholder and/or an officer or director of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with each Underwriter that, during the period beginning on and including the date of first public filing of the registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering through and including the date that is the 180th day after the date of the Underwriting Agreement (such period, the “ Lock-Up Period ”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, directly or indirectly:


(i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of the Company’s Common Stock or preferred stock or other capital stock (collectively, “ capital stock ”) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, including units of Carvana Group, LLC (“ Units”) , whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or

(ii) enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequence of ownership of any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for any Common Stock or other capital stock,

whether any transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock, Units, other capital stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed shares of Common Stock the undersigned may purchase in the offering contemplated by this agreement.

Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph, the undersigned may, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, transfer any Common Stock, Units or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, Units or other capital stock:

(1) if the undersigned is a natural person, by will, by intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, in each case to any member of the immediate family (as defined below) of the undersigned or to a trust the beneficiaries of which are exclusively the undersigned or members of the undersigned’s immediate family,

(2) as a bona fide gift or gifts, including a bona fide gift or gifts to a charity or educational institution,

(3) if the undersigned is a partnership or a limited liability company, to a partner or member, as the case may be, of such partnership or limited liability company or any wholly-owned subsidiary of the undersigned or to an affiliate under common control with the undersigned, if in any such case, such transfer is not for value,

(4) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement,

(5) in any exchange of Units and a corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock into or for shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) in a manner consistent with the provisions therefor set forth in the prospectus for the Public Offering (the “ Prospectus ”); provided that to the extent a public announcement or filing under the 1934 Act (as defined below), if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the exchange, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that such exchange occurred pursuant to the exchange agreement among the Company and certain owners of Carvana Group, LLC and no transfer of the shares of Common Stock or other securities received upon exchange may be made during the Lock-Up Period;

 

 

2


(6) pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer made to all holders of the Common Stock or Units or a merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction, involving a change of control of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company (and nothing in this Lock-Up Agreement shall prohibit the undersigned from voting in favor of any such transaction or taking any other action in connection with such transaction), provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Common Stock or Units owned by the undersigned shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement,

(7) in connection with the acquisition of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock pursuant to stock option or incentive plans disclosed in the Prospectus, provided that any such Common Stock received upon such exercise shall be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (7), no shares were sold by the reporting person and the shares received upon exercise of the options are subject to a lock-up agreement with the underwriters of the Public Offering,

(8) to the Company (a) pursuant to the exercise, on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis, of any option to purchase Common Stock granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus or otherwise outstanding on the date hereof, or (b) for the purpose of satisfying any withholding taxes (including estimated taxes) due as a result of the exercise of any option to purchase Common Stock or the vesting of any awards granted by the Company pursuant to stock option or incentive plans described in the Prospectus, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (8),

(9) transfers to the Company of Common Stock or Units in connection with the termination of service of an employee pursuant to agreements that provide the Company with an option to repurchase such shares, provided that any required filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this section (9), or

(10) in the case of DriveTime Sales and Finance Company LLC, a transfer or distribution to its direct or indirect members or other beneficial owners (including through a dividend by DriveTime Automotive Group, Inc.) and/or transfer or contribution to any entity controlled by such members or beneficial owners;

provided, however, that in the case of any transfer described in clauses (1) through (5) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (A) the transferee executes and delivers to the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters, not later than one business day prior to such transfer, a written agreement, in substantially the form of this agreement (it being understood that any references to “immediate family” in the agreement executed by such transferee shall expressly refer only to the immediate family of the undersigned and not to the immediate family of the transferee), (B) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clause (1) above, if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ 1934 Act ”), reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer is not a transfer for value and that such transfer is being made by will or intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of property on the undersigned’s death, as the case may be, (C) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clauses (2) through (4) above, no filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock shall be required to be made during the Lock-Up Period, (D) in the case of a transfer

 

 

3


pursuant to clauses (1) through (5) and (7) through (10) above, no voluntary filing under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other voluntary public report, filing or announcement shall be made in respect of such transfer during this Lock-Up Period and (E) in the case of a transfer pursuant to clause (10) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (i) the ultimate transferee is already party to a written agreement, in substantially the form of this agreement or in the form of a joinder to this agreement, with the Representatives, acting on behalf of the Underwriters and (ii) if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act , reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer is being made pursuant to a preexisting agreement and/or the shares remain subject to the lock-up agreement, as the case may be. For purposes of this agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than the first cousin. For purposes of clause (6), “change of control” shall mean the consummation of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, purchase, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the 1934 Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the 1934 Act) of a majority of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company or Carvana Group, LLC .

The restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement shall not apply to (i) any transfer in connection with, and as contemplated by, the “Organizational Transactions” described in the Prospectus related to the Public Offering; provided that any shares of Common Stock, Units, capital stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or Units received in such transactions remain subject to the terms of this letter; or (ii) to the establishment of a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the 1934 Act, provided that no sales of Common Stock, Units or other capital stock shall occur under such plan and no public disclosure of any such action shall be required or shall be made voluntarily by any person regarding the establishment of such plan prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period.

Prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the restrictions imposed by this agreement at any time during the period from and including the date of this agreement, the undersigned will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period has expired.

The undersigned further agrees that (i) it will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration under the 1933 Act, of any shares of Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock, provided that , to the extent the undersigned has demand and/or piggyback registration rights, the foregoing shall not prohibit the undersigned from notifying the Company that it is or will be exercising its demand and/or piggyback registration rights following the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and undertaking preparations related thereto, so long as no public announcement of such notification or demand shall be made during the Lock-Up period and such notification would not require the Company during the Lock-Up Period to file, or make a public announcement of its intention to file, a registration statement, and (ii) the Company may, with respect to any Common Stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other capital stock owned or held (of record or beneficially) by the undersigned, cause the transfer agent or other registrar to enter stop transfer instructions and implement stop transfer procedures with respect to such securities during the Lock-Up Period.

The undersigned hereby waives any and all notice requirements and rights with respect to the registration of any securities pursuant to any agreement, instrument, understanding or otherwise, including any registration rights agreement or similar agreement, to which the undersigned is a party or under which the undersigned is entitled to any right or benefit and any tag-along rights, co-sale rights or other rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included in the offering contemplated by this agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, provided that such waiver shall apply only to the public offering of Common Stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and each registration statement filed under the 1933 Act in connection therewith.

 

 

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If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (1) the Representatives agree that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of the Common Stock or other securities, they will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (2) the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Representatives to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (ii) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives may elect whether or not to grant any such release or waiver in their sole and absolute discretion.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this agreement and that this agreement has been duly authorized (if applicable), executed and delivered by the undersigned and is a valid and binding agreement of the undersigned. This agreement and all authority herein conferred are irrevocable and shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned (if a natural person) and shall be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall automatically terminate and be of no further effect upon the earliest to occur, if any, of: (i) the date of the filing with the SEC of a notice of withdrawal of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 relating to the Public Offering pursuant to Rule 477 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (ii) the Company advises the Representatives in writing prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but is terminated (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the shares of Common Stock to be sold thereunder, and (iv) September 30, 2017, in the event that the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed on or before that date.

The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that whether or not any public offering of Common Stock actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions.

THE AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

[Signature Page Immediately Follows]

 

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and delivered this agreement as of the date first set forth above.

 

        Very truly yours,
IF AN INDIVIDUAL :       IF AN ENTITY:
By:  

 

     

 

  (duly authorized signature)       (please print complete name of entity)
Name:  

 

      By:  

 

  (please print full name)         (duly authorized signature)
        Name:  

 

          (please print full name)
        Title:  

 

          (please print full title)
         
Address:       Address:

 

     

 

 

     

 

E-mail:  

 

      E-mail:  

 

 

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EXHIBIT D-2

FORM OF PRESS RELEASE ANNOUNCING LOCK-UP WAIVER

Carvana Co.

                        , 20    

Carvana Co. (the “Company”) announced today that Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., the lead book-running managers for the Company’s initial public offering of            shares of common stock that closed on                    , 20    , [is] [are] [waiving] [releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer] [a director] of the Company. The [waiver] [release] will take effect on                    , 20    and the shares may be sold on or after such date.

This press release is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


EXHIBIT E

PRICE-RELATED INFORMATION

Public offering price: $15.00 per share

Number of shares: 15,000,000 Initial Securities (plus 2,250,000 Option Securities)

Settlement date: May 3, 2017

 

 

E-1


EXHIBIT F

ISSUER GENERAL USE FREE WRITING PROSPECTUSES

Free Writing Prospectus dated April 27, 2017

 

 

F-1


EXHIBIT G

ISSUER DSP FREE WRITING PROSPECTUS

None

 

 

G-1


EXHIBIT H

WRITTEN TESTING-THE-WATERS COMMUNICATION

None

 

 

H-1

Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

CARVANA CO.

*    *    *    *    *

Paul Breaux, being the Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Carvana Co., a corporation duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ Corporation ”), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY as follows:

FIRST: The present name of the Corporation is Carvana Co. The Corporation was incorporated under the name Carvana Co. by the filing of its original Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 29, 2016 (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”).

SECOND: The Board of Directors of the Corporation, pursuant to a unanimous written consent, adopted resolutions authorizing the Corporation to amend, integrate and restate the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation in its entirety to read as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof (the “ Restated Certificate ”).

THIRD: The Restated Certificate restates and integrates and further amends the Certificate of Incorporation of this Corporation.

FOURTH: That the stockholders of the Corporation, pursuant to written consent, approved and adopted the Restated Certificate in accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

*    *    *    *    *


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Carvana Co. has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be executed by its duly authorized officer on this 27th day of April, 2017.

 

CARVANA CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux
Title:   Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

Signature Page to Amended and Restated

Certificate of Incorporation of Carvana Co.


Exhibit A

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

CARVANA CO.

ARTICLE ONE

The name of the corporation is Carvana Co. (the “ Corporation ”).

ARTICLE TWO

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

ARTICLE THREE

The nature and purpose of the business of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“ DGCL ”).

ARTICLE FOUR

Section 1. Authorized Shares . The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 675,000,000 shares, consisting of:

1. 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “ Preferred Stock ”);

2. 500,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Class  A Common Stock ”); and

3. 125,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Class  B Common Stock ” and together with the Class A Common Stock, the “ Common Stock ”).

The Preferred Stock and the Common Stock shall have the designations, rights, powers and preferences and the qualifications, restrictions and limitations thereof, if any, set forth below.

Section 2. Preferred Stock . The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) is authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by law, to provide, by resolution or resolutions for the issuance of shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, and with respect to each series, to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the voting powers (if any), designations, powers, preferences, and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, of the shares of each such series, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof. The powers, preferences, and relative, participating, optional and other

 

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special rights of each series of Preferred Stock and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding. Subject to applicable law and within the limitations or restrictions stated in any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors fixing the number of shares constituting a series of Preferred Stock, the Board of Directors may increase or decrease (but not below the number of shares of any such series of Preferred Stock then outstanding and not above the total number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock) by resolution the number of shares of any such series of Preferred Stock. In the event that the number of shares of any series of Preferred Stock shall be so decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the undesignated status of authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock subject to the requirements of applicable law. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the approval of the Board of Directors and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, without the separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock as a class, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.

Section 3. Common Stock .

(a) Voting Rights . Except as otherwise required by the DGCL or as provided by or pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation:

(i) Each holder of Class A Common Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Class A Common Stock held of record by such holder.

(ii) Each holder of Class B Common Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Class B Common Stock held of record by such holder; provided that each holder that, together with its Affiliates (which, in the case of the Garcia Parties (as defined below), shall be deemed to include each other Garcia Party), (A) beneficially owns fifty percent (50%) or more of the LLC Units immediately following the consummation of the initial public offering of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock and (B) as of the applicable record date or other date of determination maintains direct or indirect beneficial ownership of an aggregate of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (determined assuming that each Class A Common Unit held by holders other than Carvana Co. Sub LLC was exchanged for Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Exchange Agreement (as defined below) and the LLC Agreement (as defined below)), shall be entitled to ten (10) votes for each share of Class Common B Stock held of record by such holder. The “ Garcia Parties ” means each of Ernest C. Garcia, II, Ernest C. Garcia, III, and each of the entities controlled by one or both of them, including trusts over which one or both of them exercise investment control. “ Affiliate ” means a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, another person. “ LLC Unit ” means the Common Units of Carvana Group, LLC, consisting of Class A Common Units (the “ Class  A Common Units ”) and Class B Common Units (the “ Class  B Common Units ”). “ Exchange Agreement ” means that certain

 

2


Exchange Agreement, dated as of or about the date hereof, by and among Carvana Co. Sub LLC, Carvana Group, LLC and the LLC Unitholders party thereto (as the same may be amended, supplemented or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof). “ LLC Agreement ” means that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, dated as of or about the date hereof, by and among the Corporation, as manager, and the members of Carvana Group, LLC (as the same may be amended, supplemented or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof).

(iii) Except as otherwise required in this Certificate of Incorporation or by applicable law, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall vote together as a single class on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote (and, if any holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Common Stock, as a single class with such holders of Preferred Stock).

(iv) The holders of shares of Common Stock shall not have cumulative voting rights.

(b) Dividends . Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Class A Common Stock with respect to the payment of dividends in cash, stock or property of the Corporation, such dividends may be declared and paid on the Class A Common Stock out of the assets of the Corporation that are by law available therefor at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. Dividends shall not be declared or paid on the Class B Common Stock.

(c) Liquidation, Dissolution, etc. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation as required by law and of the preferential and other amounts, if any, to which the holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled, the holders of all outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by each such stockholder. The holders of shares of Class B Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to receive any assets of the Corporation in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation.

(d) Reclassification . Neither the Class A Common Stock nor the Class B Common Stock may be subdivided, split, consolidated, reclassified, or otherwise changed unless contemporaneously therewith the other class of Common Stock and the LLC Units are subdivided, consolidated, reclassified, or otherwise changed in the same proportion and in the same manner.

 

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(e) Exchange . The holders of LLC Units other than the Corporation shall, to the extent provided in the Exchange Agreement and the LLC Agreement and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Exchange Agreement and the LLC Agreement, as applicable, have the right to exchange such LLC Units, together with shares of Class B Common Stock (in the case of Class A Common Units), for such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A Common Stock determined in accordance with the terms of the Exchange Agreement. The Corporation shall at all times when any LLC Units shall be outstanding, reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Class A Common Stock such number of shares of Class A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding LLC Units in accordance with the terms of the Exchange Agreement and the LLC Agreement and shall deliver such shares of Class A Common Stock to Carvana Co. Sub LLC as may be necessary to enable Carvana Co. Sub LLC to satisfy its obligations under the Exchange Agreement. If at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding LLC Units, the Corporation will take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase the number of authorized shares of Class A Common Stock to such number as shall be sufficient for such purpose.

(f) Automatic Transfer . No share of Class B Common Stock may be sold, exchanged or otherwise transferred, other than as part of (i) the exchange of a Class A Common Unit as set forth in Section 3(e) of Article Fourth hereof, and (ii) the transfer of a Class A Common Unit by a holder of LLC Units to a permitted transferee of such holder in accordance with the LLC Agreement. In the event that any outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock are sold, exchanged or otherwise transferred other than as provided in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), or such outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock shall otherwise cease to be held by a holder of a corresponding number, based on the exchange rate then in effect, of Class A Common Units (including a transferee of a Class A Common Unit) for any reason, such shares of Class B Common Stock shall automatically and without further action on the part of the Corporation or any holder of Class B Common Stock be deemed to be transferred to the Corporation and thereupon shall be retired.

(g) No Preemptive or Subscription Rights . No holder of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to preemptive or subscription rights.

ARTICLE FIVE

The Corporation is to have perpetual existence.

ARTICLE SIX

Section 1. Board of Directors . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation (as amended and restated, the “ Bylaws ”), the directors are hereby

 

4


empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation except for such powers, acts and things that are by the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, or the Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 2. Number of Directors . Subject to any rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances or otherwise, the number of directors which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall initially be five (5) and, thereafter, shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by resolution of the Board.

Section 3. Classes of Directors . The directors of the Corporation, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, hereby designated Class I, Class II and Class III.

Section 4. Election and Term of Office . The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting of the stockholders and entitled to vote in the election of directors; provided that , whenever the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation are entitled to elect one or more directors pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including, but not limited to, any duly authorized certificate of designation), such directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of such class or series present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting of the stockholders and entitled to vote in the election of such directors. The term of office of the initial Class I directors shall expire at the first annual meeting of stockholders after the Effective Time, the term of office of the initial Class II directors shall expire at the second succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after the Effective Time and the term of office of the initial Class III directors shall expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders after the Effective Time. For the purposes hereof, the Board of Directors may assign directors already in office to Class I, Class II and Class III to take effect at the Effective Time. At each annual meeting of stockholders after the Effective Time, directors elected to replace those of a class whose terms expire at such annual meeting shall be elected to hold office until the third succeeding annual meeting after their election and until their respective successors shall have been duly elected and qualified. Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting of stockholders for the year in which such director’s term expires and a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Nothing in this Certificate of Incorporation shall preclude a director from serving consecutive terms. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

Section 5. Newly-Created Directorships and Vacancies . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal from office or any other cause may be filled (i) prior to the Trigger Date, either (x) upon the affirmative vote (a “ Shareholder Appointment ”) of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class (the “ Majority Shareholders ”) or (y) if no Shareholder Appointment has been made by the tenth (10th) day following the occurrence of the vacancy, or if the Majority Shareholders have notified the Board of Directors that no Shareholder Appointment shall be made, by resolution of a majority of the directors then in office, although

 

5


less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director and (ii) on and after the Trigger Date, only by resolution of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A director elected or appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor in office and until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. A director elected or appointed to fill a position resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been elected or appointed and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the authorized number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

Section 6. Removal and Resignation of Directors . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding and notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, (i) prior to the Trigger Date, directors may be removed with or without cause upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class and (ii) on and after the Trigger Date, directors may only be removed for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66  2 3 %) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, at a meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders called for that purpose. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. “ Trigger Date ” means the first date on which the Garcia Parties cease to beneficially own in the aggregate (directly or indirectly) at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (determined assuming that each LLC Unit owned by holders other than the Corporation were exchanged for Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of either the Exchange Agreement and the LLC Agreement).

Section 7. Rights of Holders of Preferred Stock . Notwithstanding the provisions of this ARTICLE SIX, whenever the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately or together by series, to elect directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies and other features of such directorship shall be subject to the rights of such series of Preferred Stock.

Section 8. Advance Notice . Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

ARTICLE SEVEN

Section 1. Limitation of Liability .

(a) To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it now exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader exculpation than permitted prior thereto), no director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director.

 

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(b) Any amendment, repeal or modification of the foregoing paragraph by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification with respect to any act, omission or other matter occurring prior to such amendment, repeal or modification.

ARTICLE EIGHT

Section 1. Action by Written Consent . Prior to the Trigger Date, any action which is required or permitted to be taken by the Corporation’s stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of the Corporation’s stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. From and after the Trigger Date, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Corporation’s stockholders may be taken only at a duly called annual or special meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders and the power of stockholders to consent in writing without a meeting is specifically denied.

Section 2. Special Meetings of Stockholders . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding and to the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation shall be called only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors pursuant to a written resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of the majority of the total number of directors that the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies, (ii) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors at the written request of a Garcia Party so long as such Garcia Party beneficially owns any shares of Class B Common Stock or (iii) prior to the Trigger Date, by the Majority Shareholders. Any business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of the meeting.

ARTICLE NINE

Section 1. Certain Acknowledgments . In recognition and anticipation that (i) certain of the Garcia Parties may serve as directors or officers of the Corporation and (ii) certain of the Garcia Parties engage and may continue to engage in the same or similar activities or related lines of business as those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage and/or other business activities that overlap with or compete with those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage, and (iii) that the Corporation and its Affiliated Companies may engage in material business transactions with the Garcia Parties and their Affiliated Companies, and that the Corporation is expected to benefit therefrom, the provisions of this ARTICLE NINE are set forth to regulate and define the conduct of certain affairs of the Corporation as they may involve the Garcia Parties and/or their Affiliated Companies and/or their respective directors, partners, principals, officers, members, managers and/or employees, including any of the foregoing who serve as officers or directors of the Corporation (collectively,

 

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the “ Exempted Persons ”), and the powers, rights, duties and liabilities of the Corporation and its officers, directors and stockholders in connection therewith. As used in this Certificate of Incorporation, “ Affiliated Companies ” shall mean (a) in respect of the Garcia Parties, any entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a Garcia Party (other than the Corporation and any company that is controlled by the Corporation) and (b) in respect of the Corporation, any company controlled by the Corporation.

Section 2. Competition and Corporate Opportunities . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, none of the Exempted Persons shall have any fiduciary duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Corporation or any of its Affiliated Companies, and no Exempted Person shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty solely by reason of any such activities of the Garcia Parties, their Affiliated Companies or such Exempted Person. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation, on behalf of itself and its Affiliated Companies, renounces any interest or expectancy of the Corporation and its Affiliated Companies in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time presented to the Exempted Persons, even if the opportunity is one that the Corporation or its Affiliated Companies might reasonably be deemed to have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so, and each Exempted Person shall have no duty to communicate or offer such business opportunity to the Corporation or its Affiliated Companies and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be liable to the Corporation, any of its Affiliated Companies or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary or other duty, as a director, officer or stockholder of the Corporation solely, by reason of the fact that a Garcia Party, one of their Affiliated Companies or any such Exempted Person pursues or acquires such business opportunity, sells, assigns, transfers or directs such business opportunity to another person or fails to present such business opportunity, or information regarding such business opportunity, to the Corporation or any of its Affiliated Companies. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2, the Corporation does not renounce any interest or expectancy it may have in any business opportunity that is expressly offered to any Exempted Person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation, and not in any other capacity.

Section 3. Certain Matters Deemed Not Corporate Opportunities . In addition to and notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this ARTICLE NINE, a corporate opportunity shall not be deemed to belong to the Corporation if it is a business opportunity the Corporation is not financially able or contractually permitted or legally able to undertake, or that is, from its nature, not in the line of the Corporation’s business or is of no practical advantage to it or that is one in which the Corporation has no interest or reasonable expectancy.

Section 4. Amendment of this Article . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary elsewhere contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, and in addition to any vote required by applicable law, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal, or to adopt any provision inconsistent with, this ARTICLE NINE; provided however , that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, neither the alteration, amendment or repeal of this ARTICLE

 

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NINE nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this ARTICLE NINE shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any Exempted Person for or with respect to any activities or opportunities which such Exempted Person becomes aware prior to such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption.

Section 5. Deemed Notice . Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any shares of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this ARTICLE NINE.

Section 6. Severability . To the extent that any provision or part of any provision of this ARTICLE NINE is found to be invalid or unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision or part of any other provision of this ARTICLE NINE.

ARTICLE TEN

Section 1. Section 203 of the DGCL . The Corporation expressly elects not to be subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL.

Section 2. Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders . Notwithstanding any other provision in this Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, the Corporation shall not engage in any Business Combination (as defined hereinafter) with any Interested Stockholder (as defined hereinafter) for a period of three years following the time that such stockholder became an Interested Stockholder, unless:

(a) prior to such time the Board of Directors approved either the Business Combination or the transaction which resulted in such stockholder becoming an Interested Stockholder;

(b) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in such stockholder becoming an Interested Stockholder, such stockholder owned at least eighty-five percent (85%) of the Voting Stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the Voting Stock outstanding (but not the outstanding Voting Stock owned by such Interested Stockholder) those shares owned (i) by Persons (as defined hereinafter) who are directors and also officers of the Corporation and (ii) employee stock plans of the Corporation in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

(c) at or subsequent to such time the Business Combination is approved by the Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66  2 3 %) of the outstanding Voting Stock which is not owned by such Interested Stockholder.

 

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Section 3. Exceptions to Prohibition on Interested Stockholder Transactions . The restrictions contained in this ARTICLE TEN shall not apply if:

(a) a stockholder becomes an Interested Stockholder inadvertently and (i) as soon as practicable divests itself of ownership of sufficient shares so that the stockholder ceases to be an Interested Stockholder; and (ii) would not, at any time within the three- year period immediately prior to a Business Combination between the Corporation and such stockholder, have been an Interested Stockholder but for the inadvertent acquisition of ownership; or

(b) the Business Combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of and subsequent to the earlier of the public announcement or the notice required hereunder of a proposed transaction which (i) constitutes one of the transactions described in the second sentence of this Section 3(b) of ARTICLE TEN; (ii) is with or by a Person who either was not an Interested Stockholder during the previous three years or who became an Interested Stockholder with the approval of the Board of Directors; and (iii) is approved or not opposed by a majority of the directors then in office (but not less than one) who were directors prior to any Person becoming an Interested Stockholder during the previous three years or were recommended for election or elected to succeed such directors by a majority of such directors. The proposed transactions referred to in the preceding sentence are limited to (x) a merger or consolidation of the Corporation (except for a merger in respect of which, pursuant to Section 251(f) of the DGCL, no vote of the stockholders of the Corporation is required); (y) a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of the Corporation or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation (other than to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary or to the Corporation) having an aggregate market value equal to fifty percent (50%) or more of either that aggregate market value of all of the assets of the Corporation determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding Stock (as defined hereinafter) of the Corporation; or (z) a proposed tender or exchange offer for fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation. The Corporation shall give not less than 20 days’ notice to all Interested Stockholders prior to the consummation of any of the transactions described in clause (x) or (y) of the second sentence of this Section 3(b) of ARTICLE TEN.

Section 4. Definitions . As used in this ARTICLE TEN only, and unless otherwise provided by the express terms of this ARTICLE TEN, the following terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as set forth in this Section 4:

(a) “ Affiliate ” means a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, another Person;

(b) “ Associate ,” when used to indicate a relationship with any Person, means: (i) any corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or other entity of which such Person is a director, officer or partner or is, directly or indirectly, the owner of twenty percent (20%) or more of any class of Voting Stock; (ii) any trust or other estate in which such Person has at least a twenty percent (20%) beneficial interest or as to which such Person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and (iii) any relative or spouse of such Person, or any relative of such spouse, who has the same residence as such Person;

 

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(c) “ Business Combination ” means:

(i) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation with (A) the Interested Stockholder, or (B) any other corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or entity if the merger or consolidation is caused by the Interested Stockholder and as a result of such merger or consolidation Section 2 of this ARTICLE TEN is not applicable to the surviving entity;

(ii) any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), except proportionately as a stockholder of the Corporation, to or with the Interested Stockholder, whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of the Corporation or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation which assets have an aggregate market value equal to ten percent (10%) or more of either the aggregate market value of all the assets of the Corporation determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding Stock of the Corporation;

(iii) any transaction which results in the issuance or transfer by the Corporation or by any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation of any Stock of the Corporation or of such subsidiary to the Interested Stockholder, except: (A) pursuant to the exercise, exchange or conversion of securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into Stock of the Corporation or any such subsidiary which securities were outstanding prior to the time that the Interested Stockholder became such; (B) pursuant to an exchange of LLC Units into Class A Common Stock, to the extent provided in the Exchange Agreement and the LLC Agreement, (C) pursuant to a merger under Section 251(g) of the DGCL; (D) pursuant to a dividend or distribution paid or made, or the exercise, exchange or conversion of securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into Stock of the Corporation or any such subsidiary which security is distributed, pro rata to all holders of a class or series of Stock of the Corporation subsequent to the time the Interested Stockholder became such; (E) pursuant to an exchange offer by the Corporation to purchase Stock made on the same terms to all holders of such Stock; or (F) any issuance or transfer of Stock by the Corporation; provided however , that in no case under items (D)-(F) of this Section 4(c)(iii) of ARTICLE TEN shall there be an increase in the Interested Stockholder’s proportionate share of the Stock of any class or series of the Corporation or of the Voting Stock of the Corporation;

(iv) any transaction involving the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation which has the effect, directly or indirectly, of increasing the proportionate share of the Stock of any class or series, or securities convertible into the Stock of any class or series, of the Corporation or

 

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of any such subsidiary which is owned by the Interested Stockholder, except as a result of immaterial changes due to fractional share adjustments or as a result of any purchase or redemption of any shares of Stock not caused, directly or indirectly, by the Interested Stockholder; or

(v) any receipt by the Interested Stockholder of the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a stockholder of the Corporation), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits (other than those expressly permitted in Sections 4(c)(i)-(iv) of ARTICLE TEN) provided by or through the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation;

(d) “ Control ,” including the terms “ controlling ,” “ controlled by ” and “ under common control with ,” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of Voting Stock, by contract or otherwise. A Person who is the owner of twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding Voting Stock of any corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or other entity shall be presumed to have control of such entity, in the absence of proof by a preponderance of the evidence to the contrary; notwithstanding the foregoing, a presumption of control shall not apply where such Person holds Voting Stock, in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this ARTICLE TEN, as an agent, bank, broker, nominee, custodian or trustee for one or more owners who do not individually or as a group (as such term is used in Rule 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as such Rule is in effect as of the date of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation) have control of such entity;

(e) “ Interested Stockholder ” means any Person (other than the Corporation and any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation) that (i) is the owner of fifteen percent (15%) or more of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation, or (ii) is an Affiliate or Associate of the Corporation and was the owner of fifteen percent (15%) or more of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such Person is an Interested Stockholder, and the affiliates and associates of such Person. Notwithstanding anything in this ARTICLE TEN to the contrary, the term “Interested Stockholder” shall not include: (x) the Garcia Parties or any of their Affiliated Companies, or any other Person with whom any of the foregoing are acting as a group or in concert for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of shares of Stock of the Corporation, (y) any Person who would otherwise be an Interested Stockholder either in connection with or because of a transfer, sale, assignment, conveyance, hypothecation, encumbrance, or other disposition of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation (in one transaction or a series of transactions) by the Garcia Parties or any of their affiliates or associates to such Person; provided , however , that such Person was not an Interested Stockholder prior to such transfer, sale, assignment, conveyance, hypothecation, encumbrance, or other disposition; or (z) any Person whose ownership of shares in excess of the fifteen percent (15%) limitation set forth herein is the result of action taken solely by the Corporation, provided that , for purposes of this clause (z) only, such Person shall be an Interested Stockholder if thereafter such Person acquires additional shares of Voting Stock of the Corporation, except as a result of further action by the Corporation not caused, directly or indirectly, by such Person;

 

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(f) “ Owner ,” including the terms “ own ” and “ owned ,” when used with respect to any Stock, means a Person that individually or with or through any of its Affiliates or Associates beneficially owns such Stock, directly or indirectly; or has (A) the right to acquire such Stock (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options, or otherwise; provided , however , that a Person shall not be deemed the owner of Stock tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates until such tendered Stock is accepted for purchase or exchange; or (B) the right to vote such Stock pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding; provided , however , that a Person shall not be deemed the owner of any Stock because of such Person’s right to vote such Stock if the agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such Stock arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a proxy or consent solicitation made to 10 or more Persons; or has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except voting pursuant to a revocable proxy or consent as described in (B) of this Section 4(f) of ARTICLE TEN), or disposing of such Stock with any other Person that beneficially owns, or whose affiliates or associates beneficially own, directly or indirectly, such Stock; provided , that, for the purpose of determining whether a Person is an Interested Stockholder, the Voting Stock of the Corporation deemed to be outstanding shall include Stock deemed to be owned by the Person through application of this definition of “owned” but shall not include any other unissued Stock of the Corporation which may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants or options, or otherwise;

(g) “ Person ” means any individual, corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or other entity;

(h) “ Stock ” means, with respect to any corporation, any capital stock of such corporation and, with respect to any other entity, any equity interest of such entity; and

(i) “ Voting Stock ” means, with respect to any corporation, Stock of any class or series entitled to vote generally in the election of directors and, with respect to any entity that is not a corporation, any equity interest entitled to vote generally in the election of the governing body of such entity. Every reference to a percentage of Voting Stock shall refer to such percentage of the votes of such Voting Stock.

ARTICLE ELEVEN

Section 1. Amendments to the Bylaws . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, in furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by law, prior to the Trigger Date, the Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed and new bylaws made by, (i) the Board or (ii) in addition to any other vote otherwise required by law, the

 

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affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation, voting together as a single class. On and after the Trigger Date, the Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed and new bylaws made by (i) the Board or (ii) in addition to any other vote otherwise required by law, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66  2 3 %) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class.

Section 2. Amendments to this Certificate of Incorporation . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, and in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of the capital stock required by law or otherwise, no provision of ARTICLE SIX, ARTICLE SEVEN, ARTICLE EIGHT, ARTICLE TEN, ARTICLE ELEVEN or ARTICLE TWELVE of this Certificate of Incorporation may be altered, amended or repealed in any respect, nor may any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws inconsistent therewith be adopted, unless in addition to any other vote required by this Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise required by law, (i) prior to the Trigger Date, such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, and (ii) from and after the Trigger Date, such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66  2 3 %) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, at a meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders called for that purpose.

ARTICLE TWELVE

Section 1. Exclusive Forum . Unless this Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. As used in this Certificate of Incorporation, the term “ Claim ” means the actions, proceedings or claims referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) on this Section 1.

Section 2. Notice . Any Person purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation (including, without limitation, shares of Common Stock) shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this ARTICLE TWELVE.

 

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Exhibit 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

CARVANA CO.

A Delaware corporation

(Adopted as of April 27, 2017)

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Offices . Carvana Co. (the “ Corporation ”) may have an office or offices other than its registered office at such place or places, either within or outside the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place of Meetings . The Board of Directors may designate a place, if any, either within or outside the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting of stockholders.

Section 2. Annual Meeting . An annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held at such date and time as is specified by resolution of the Board of Directors. At the annual meeting, stockholders shall elect directors to succeed those whose terms expire at such annual meeting and transact such other business as properly may be brought before the annual meeting pursuant to Section 10 of this ARTICLE II of these Amended and Restated Bylaws (these “Bylaws”). The Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the stockholders may only be called in the manner provided in the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation as then in effect (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”). Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. The Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Notice of Meetings . Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take action at a meeting, notice of the meeting shall be given that shall state the place, if any, date, and time of the meeting of the stockholders, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders not physically present may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date on which the meeting is to be held, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the


record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law (meaning, here and hereinafter, as required from time to time by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”)) or the Certificate of Incorporation.

(a) Form of Notice . All such notices shall be delivered in writing or in any other manner permitted by the DGCL. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the Corporation. If given by facsimile telecommunication, such notice shall be deemed given when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice by facsimile. Subject to the limitations of Section 4(c) of this ARTICLE II, if given by electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered: (i) by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (x) such posting and (y) the giving of such separate notice; and (iii) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation, the transfer agent of the Corporation or any other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

(b) Waiver of Notice . Whenever notice is required to be given under any provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the stockholder entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission given by the stockholder entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation need be specified in any waiver of notice of such meeting. Attendance of a stockholder of the Corporation at a meeting of such stockholders shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the stockholder attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and does not further participate in the meeting.

(c) Notice by Electronic Transmission . Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders of the Corporation pursuant to the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any notice to stockholders of the Corporation given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder of the Corporation to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if: (i) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent; and (ii) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent or other person responsible for the giving of notice. However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. For purposes of these Bylaws, except as otherwise limited by applicable law, the term “ electronic transmission ” means any form of communication not directly involving the physical transmission of paper that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such recipient through an automated process.

 

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Section 5. List of Stockholders . The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make available, at least 10 days before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, provided , however , if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the 10th day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each such stockholder. Nothing contained in this section shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, the list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the list shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 5 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

Section 6. Quorum . The holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding capital stock entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum is not present, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote at the meeting may adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place from time to time until a quorum shall be present or represented by proxy. When a specified item of business requires a vote by a class or series (if the Corporation shall then have outstanding shares of more than one class or series) voting as a separate class or series, the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding stock of such class or series shall constitute a quorum (as to such class or series) for the transaction of such item of business. A quorum once established at a meeting shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum.

Section 7. Adjourned Meetings . Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place. When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted

 

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at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and, except as otherwise required by law, shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.

Section 8. Vote Required . Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, when a quorum has been established, all matters other than the election of directors shall be determined by the affirmative vote of the majority of voting power of capital stock present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter, unless by express provisions of an applicable law, the rules of any stock exchange upon which the Corporation’s securities are listed, any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws a minimum or different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the vote required on such matter. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present and entitled to vote on the election of such directors.

Section 9. Proxies . Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally.

Section 10. Advance Notice of Stockholder Business and Director Nominations .

(a) Business at Annual Meetings of Stockholders .

(i) Only such business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, which must be made in compliance with and are governed exclusively by Section 10(b) of this ARTICLE II) shall be conducted at an annual meeting of the stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting (A) as specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, or (C) by any stockholder of the Corporation who (1) was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in Section 10(a)(iii) of this ARTICLE II and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (3) complies with the notice procedures set forth in Section 10(a)(iii) of this ARTICLE II. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing clause (C) of this Section 10(a)(i) of ARTICLE II shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose

 

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such business (other than business included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) or business brought by a Garcia Party (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation) prior to the Trigger Date) before an annual meeting of stockholders. “ Trigger Date ” means the first date on which the Garcia Parties cease to beneficially own in the aggregate (directly or indirectly) at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (determined assuming that each LLC Unit owned by holders other than the Corporation were exchanged for Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of either the Exchange Agreement or the LLC Agreement). “ LLC Unit ” means the Common Units of Carvana Group, LLC. “ Exchange Agreement ” means that certain Exchange Agreement, dated as of or about the date hereof, by and among the Carvana Co. Sub LLC, Carvana Group, LLC and the LLC Unitholders party thereto (as the same may be amended, supplemented or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof). “ LLC Agreement ” means that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, dated as of or about the date hereof, by and among the Corporation, as manager, and the members of Carvana Group, LLC (as the same may be amended, supplemented or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof).

(ii) For any business (other than (A) nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, which must be made in compliance with and are governed exclusively by Section 10(b) of this ARTICLE II or (B) business brought by a Garcia Party) to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form as described in Section 10(a)(iii) of this ARTICLE II to the Secretary; any such proposed business must be a proper matter for stockholder action and the stockholder and the Stockholder Associated Person (as defined in Section 10(e) of this ARTICLE II) must have acted in accordance with the representations set forth in the Solicitation Statement (as defined in Section 10(a)(iii) of this ARTICLE II) required by these Bylaws. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for such business (other than such a notice by a Garcia Party prior to the Trigger Date, which may be delivered at any time up to thirty-five (35) days prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders) must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation in proper written form not less than ninety (90) days and not more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders (which date shall, for purposes of the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders after its shares of Class A Common Stock are first publicly traded, be deemed to have occurred on April 26, 2017); provided , however , that if and only if the annual meeting is not scheduled to be held within a period that commences thirty (30) days before such anniversary date and ends thirty (30) days after such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year (other than for purposes of the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders after its shares of Class A Common Stock are first publicly traded), such stockholder’s notice must be delivered by the later of (A)

 

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the tenth day following the day the Public Announcement (as defined in Section 10(e) of this ARTICLE II) of the date of the annual meeting is first made or (B) the date which is ninety (90) days prior to the date of the annual meeting. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Notices delivered pursuant to Section 10(a) of this ARTICLE II will be deemed received on any given day if received prior to the close of business on such day (and otherwise on the next succeeding day).

(iii) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter of business the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting

(A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting (including the specific text of any resolutions or actions proposed for consideration and if such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the specific language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting,

(B) the name and address of the stockholder proposing such business, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, the name and address (if different from the Corporation’s books) of such proposing stockholder, and the name and address of any Stockholder Associated Person,

(C) the class or series and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are directly or indirectly held of record or beneficially owned by such stockholder or by any Stockholder Associated Person, a description of any Derivative Positions (as defined in Section 10(e) of this ARTICLE II) directly or indirectly held or beneficially held by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, and whether and to the extent to which a Hedging Transaction (as defined in Section 10(e) of this ARTICLE II) has been entered into by or on behalf of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person,

(D) a description of all arrangements or understandings between or among such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder, any Stockholder Associated Person or such other person or entity in such business,

(E) a representation that such stockholder is a stockholder of record of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting,

 

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(F) any other information related to such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies or consents (even if a solicitation is not involved) by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act, and the rules, regulations and schedules promulgated thereunder and

(G) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to the holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve the proposal or otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of the proposal (such representation, a “ Solicitation Statement ”).

In addition, any stockholder who submits a notice pursuant to Section 10(a) of this ARTICLE II is required to update and supplement the information disclosed in such notice, if necessary, in accordance with Section 10(d) of this ARTICLE II.

(iv) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, which must be made in compliance with and are governed exclusively by Section 10(b) of this ARTICLE II) shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 10(a) of this ARTICLE II.

(b) Nominations at Annual Meetings of Stockholders .

(i) Only persons who are nominated in accordance and compliance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10(b) of ARTICLE II shall be eligible for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting of stockholders.

(ii) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (A) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or (B) by any stockholder of the Corporation who (1) was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 10(b)(iii) of ARTICLE II and at the time of the annual meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (3) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10(b) (iii) of ARTICLE II. For the avoidance of doubt, clause (B) of this Section 10(b)(ii) of ARTICLE II shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting of stockholders. For nominations to be properly brought by a stockholder at an annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form as described in Section 10(b)(iii) of this ARTICLE II to the Secretary and the stockholder and the Stockholder Associated Person must have

 

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acted in accordance with the representations set forth in the Nomination Solicitation Statement required by these Bylaws. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors (other than such a notice by a Garcia Party prior to the Trigger Date, which may be delivered at any time up to thirty-five (35) days prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders) must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation in proper written form not less than ninety (90) days and not more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders (which date shall, for purposes of the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders after its shares of Class A Common Stock are first publicly traded, be deemed to have occurred on April 26, 2017); provided , however , that if and only if the annual meeting is not scheduled to be held within a period that commences thirty (30) days before such anniversary date and ends thirty (30) days after such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year (other than for purposes of the Corporation’s first annual meeting of stockholders after its shares of Class A Common Stock are first publicly traded), such stockholder’s notice must be delivered by the later of the tenth day following the day the Public Announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made and the date which is ninety (90) days prior to the date of the annual meeting. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Notices delivered pursuant to this Section 10(b) of ARTICLE II will be deemed received on any given day if received prior to the close of business on such day (and otherwise on the next succeeding day).

(iii) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (A) as to each person that the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation, (1) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (2) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (3) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are directly or indirectly owned beneficially or of record by the person, (4) the date such shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition and (5) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies or consents for a contested election of directors (even if an election contest or proxy solicitation is not involved), or is otherwise required, pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act, and the rules, regulations and schedules promulgated thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee, if applicable, and to serving as a director if elected), (B) as to the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, the name and address (if different from the Corporation’s books) of such proposing stockholder, and the name and address of any Stockholder Associated Person, (C) the class or series and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are directly or indirectly held of record or beneficially owned by such stockholder or by any Stockholder Associated Person

 

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with respect to the Corporation’s securities, a description of any Derivative Positions directly or indirectly held or beneficially held by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, and whether and the extent to which a Hedging Transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, (D) a description of all arrangements or understandings (including financial transactions and direct or indirect compensation) between or among such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and each proposed nominee and any other person or entity (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (E) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice, (F) any other information relating to such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies or consents for a contested election of directors (even if an election contest or proxy solicitation is not involved), or otherwise required, pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act, and the rules, regulations and schedules promulgated thereunder, and (G) a representation as to whether such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to the holders of a sufficient number of the Corporation’s outstanding shares reasonably believed by the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, as the case may be, to elect each proposed nominee or otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of the nomination (such representation, a “ Nomination Solicitation Statement ”). In addition, any stockholder who submits a notice pursuant to this Section 10(b) of ARTICLE II is required to update and supplement the information disclosed in such notice, if necessary, in accordance with Section 10(d) of this ARTICLE II and shall comply with Section 10(f) of this ARTICLE II.

(iv) Notwithstanding anything in Section 10(b)(ii) of this ARTICLE II to the contrary, if the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under paragraph 10(b)(ii) of this Article II and there is no Public Announcement naming the nominees for additional directorships at least ten (10) days prior to the last day a stockholder may deliver a notice of nomination in accordance with Section 10(b)(ii), a stockholder’s notice required by Section 10(b)(ii) of this ARTICLE II shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such Public Announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(c) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the notice of meeting. Only persons who are nominated in accordance and compliance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II shall be eligible for election to the

 

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Board of Directors at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the notice of meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, any committee thereof, or stockholders (if stockholders are permitted to call a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to Section 2 of Article EIGHT of the Certificate of Incorporation) or (ii) provided that the Board of Directors or stockholders (if stockholders are permitted to call a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to Section 2 of Article Eight of the Certificate of Incorporation) has determined that directors are to be elected at such special meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A) was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II and at the time of the special meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) complies with the notice procedures provided for in this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing clause (ii) of this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected. For nominations to be properly brought by a stockholder at a special meeting of stockholders, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form as described in this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors (other than such a notice by a Garcia Party prior to the Trigger Date, which may be delivered at any time up to the later of (i) thirty-five (35) days prior to the special meeting of stockholders and (ii) the tenth day following the day on which a Public Announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting) must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which a Public Announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of a special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Notices delivered pursuant to this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II will be deemed received on any given day if received prior to the close of business on such day (and otherwise on the next succeeding day). To be in proper written form, such stockholder’s notice shall set forth all of the information required by, and otherwise be in compliance with, Section 10(b)(iii) of this ARTICLE II. In addition, any stockholder who submits a notice pursuant to this Section 10(c) of ARTICLE II is required to update and supplement the information disclosed in such notice, if necessary, in accordance with Section 10(d) of this ARTICLE II and shall comply with Section 10(f) of this ARTICLE II.

(d) Update and Supplement of Stockholder’s Notice. Any stockholder who submits a notice of proposal for business or nomination for election pursuant to this Section 10 of ARTICLE II is required to update and supplement the information disclosed in such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting of stockholders and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to such meeting of the stockholders or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later

 

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than the close of business on the fifth business day after the record date for the meeting of stockholders (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than the close of business on the eighth business day prior to the date for the meeting of stockholders or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting of stockholders or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(e) Definitions . For purposes of this Section 10 of ARTICLE II, the term:

(i) “ Derivative Positions ” means, with respect to a stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, any derivative positions including, without limitation, any short position, profits interest, option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise and any performance-related fees to which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is entitled based, directly or indirectly, on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of capital stock of the Corporation;

(ii) “ Hedging Transaction ” means, with respect to a stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, any hedging or other transaction (such as borrowed or loaned shares) or series of transactions, or any other agreement, arrangement or understanding, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power or economic or pecuniary interest of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to the Corporation’s securities;

(iii) “ Public Announcement ” means disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or comparable news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

(iv) “ Stockholder Associated Person ” of any stockholder means (A) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (B) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder or (C) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Stockholder Associated Person.

(f) Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and Agreement . To be qualified to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in the case of a person nominated by a stockholder in accordance with Sections 10(b) or 10(c) of this ARTICLE II, in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under such sections) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation

 

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a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “ Voting Commitment ”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein and (iii) would be in compliance, and if elected as a director of the Corporation will comply, with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation. The Corporation may also require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve either as a director of the Corporation or as an independent director of the Corporation under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission and stock exchange rules and the Corporation’s publicly disclosed corporate governance guidelines, or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the qualifications and/or independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee, as determined in the Board of Directors’ sole discretion.

(g) Authority of Chairman; General Provisions . Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether any nomination or other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or brought in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws (including whether the stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made or solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s nominee or proposal in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by Section 10(a)(iii)(G) or Section 10(b)(iii)(G), as applicable, of these Bylaws) and, if any nomination or other business is not made or brought in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that such nomination or proposal of other business be disregarded and not acted upon. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

 

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(h) Compliance with Exchange Act . Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of these Bylaws, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules, regulations and schedules promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these Bylaws; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules, regulations and schedules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to any nomination or other business to be considered pursuant to Section 10 of this ARTICLE II.

(i) Effect on Other Rights . Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to (A) affect any rights of the stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, (B) confer upon any stockholder a right to have a nominee or any proposed business included in the Corporation’s proxy statement, except as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (C) affect any rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or (D) limit the exercise, the method or timing of the exercise of, the rights of any person granted by the Corporation to nominate directors, which rights may be exercised without compliance with the provisions of this Section 10 of ARTICLE II.

Section 11. Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, except as otherwise required by law, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is first given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting in conformity herewith; and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 11 at the adjourned meeting.

Section 12. Action by Stockholders Without a Meeting . So long as stockholders of the Corporation have the right to act by written consent in accordance with Section 1 of ARTICLE EIGHT of the Certificate of Incorporation, the following provisions shall apply:

 

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(a) Record Date . For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting as may be permitted by the Certificate of Incorporation or the certificate of designation relating to any outstanding class or series of preferred stock, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) (or the maximum number permitted by applicable law) days after the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take action by written consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request that the Board of Directors fix a record date, which notice shall include the text of any proposed resolutions. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to this Section 12(a) or otherwise within ten (10) days of receipt of a valid request by a stockholder, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required pursuant to applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation pursuant to Section 12(b); provided , however , that if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall in such an event be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

(b) Generally . Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent, and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless written consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take such action are delivered to the Corporation, in the manner required by this Section 12, within sixty (60) (or the maximum number permitted by applicable law) days of the date of the earliest dated consent delivered to the Corporation in the manner required by applicable law. The validity of any consent executed by a proxy for a stockholder pursuant to an electronic transmission transmitted to such proxy holder by or upon the authorization of the stockholder shall be determined by or at the direction of the Secretary. A written record of the information upon which the person making such determination relied shall be made and kept in the records of the proceedings of the stockholders. Any such consent shall be inserted in the minute book as if it were the minutes of a meeting of stockholders. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given by the Corporation (at its expense) to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for notice of such meeting had been the date that written consent signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were delivered to the Corporation.

Section 13. Conduct of Meetings .

(a) Generally . Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in the Chairman’s absence or disability, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the Chief Executive Officer’s absence or disability, by the President, or in the President’s absence or disability, by a Vice President (in the order as determined by the Board of Directors), or in the absence or disability of the foregoing persons by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence or disability of such person, by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the Secretary’s absence or disability the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

 

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(b) Rules, Regulations and Procedures . The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate including, without limitation, such guidelines and procedures as it may deem appropriate regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The chairman of the meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination or matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such chairman should so determine, such chairman shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. The chairman of the meeting shall announce at the meeting when the polls for each matter to be voted upon at the meeting will be opened and closed. After the polls close, no ballots, proxies or votes or any revocations or changes thereto may be accepted. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power, right and authority, for any or no reason, to convene, recess and/or adjourn any meeting of stockholders.

(c) Inspectors of Elections . The Corporation may, and to the extent required by law shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless otherwise required by law, inspectors may be officers, employees or agents of the Corporation. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of such inspector’s duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law and, when the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be required by law. Every vote taken by ballot shall be counted by a duly appointed inspector or duly appointed inspectors.

 

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ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

Section 1. General Powers . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation except for such powers, acts and things that are by the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 2. Annual Meetings . The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held without other notice than this Bylaw immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders. In the event that the annual meeting of stockholders takes place telephonically or through any other means by which the stockholders do not convene in any one location, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held at the principal offices of the Corporation immediately after the annual meeting of the stockholders.

Section 3. Regular Meetings and Special Meetings . Regular meetings, other than the annual meeting, of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors and publicized among all directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by (i) the Chairman of the Board, if any, (ii) by the Secretary upon the written request of a majority of the directors then in office or (iii) by a Garcia Party so long as such Garcia Party beneficially owns any shares of the Corporation’s Class B Common Stock, and in each case shall be held at the place, if any, on the date and at the time as he, she or they shall fix. Any and all business may be transacted at a special meeting of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Notice of Meetings . Notice of regular meetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required by law or these Bylaws. Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors, and of each regular and annual meeting of the Board of Directors for which notice is required, shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 4. Such notice shall be state the date, time and place, if any, of the meeting. Notice of any special meeting, and of any regular or annual meeting for which notice is required, shall be given to each director at least (a) twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting if by telephone or by being personally delivered or sent by telex, telecopy, electronic transmission, email or similar means or (b) five (5) days before the meeting if delivered by mail to the director’s residence or usual place of business. Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail so addressed, with postage prepaid, or when transmitted if sent by telex, telecopy, electronic transmission, email or similar means. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.

Section 5. Waiver of Notice . Any director may waive notice of any meeting of directors by a writing signed by the director or by electronic transmission. Any member of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when such member attends for the

 

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express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and does not further participate in the meeting. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

Section 6. Chairman of the Board, Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment . The Board of Directors may elect, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, a Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board must be a director and may be an officer of the Corporation. Subject to the provisions of these Bylaws and the direction of the Board of Directors, he or she shall perform all duties and have all powers which are commonly incident to the position of Chairman of the Board or which are delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and Board of Directors at which he or she is present and have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. If the Chairman of the Board is not present at a meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer (if the Chief Executive Officer is a director and is not also the Chairman of the Board) shall preside at such meeting, and, if the Chief Executive Officer is not present at such meeting, a majority of the directors present at such meeting shall elect one of the directors present at the meeting to so preside. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Unless by express provision of an applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws a different vote is required, the vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. At any meeting of the Board of Directors, business shall be transacted in such order and manner as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 7. Committees .

(a) The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, including an executive committee, consisting of one or more of the directors of the Corporation, and any committees required by the rules and regulations of such exchange as any securities of the Corporation are listed. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Except to the extent restricted by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, each such committee, to the extent provided by the DGCL and in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors upon request.

 

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(b) Each committee of the Board of Directors may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the Board of Directors designating such committee. Unless otherwise provided in such a resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. All matters shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Unless otherwise provided in such a resolution, in the event that a member and that member’s alternate, if alternates are designated by the Board of Directors, of such committee is or are absent or disqualified, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

Section 8. Action by Written Consent . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 9. Compensation . The Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation, including fees, reimbursement of expenses and equity compensation, of directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity, including for attendance of meetings of the Board of Directors or participation on any committees. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

Section 10. Reliance on Books and Records . A member of the Board of Directors, or a member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, in the performance of such member’s duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of the Corporation’s officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to matters the member reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.

Section 11. Telephonic and Other Meetings . Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

Section 1. Number and Election . Subject to the authority of Chief Executive Officer to appoint officers as set forth in Section 11 of this Article IV, the officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors and shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a

 

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President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer, a Treasurer and such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. In its discretion, the Board of Directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable.

Section 2. Term of Office . Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

Section 3. Removal . Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed with or without cause by the Board of Directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or by such officers as may be designated by a resolution of the Board of Directors, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer appointed by the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 11 of this Article IV may also be removed by the Chief Executive Officer in his or her sole discretion.

Section 4. Vacancies . Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise may be filled by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 11 of this Article IV.

Section 5. Compensation . Compensation of all executive officers shall be approved by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the Corporation.

Section 6. Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer shall have the powers and perform the duties incident to that position. The Chief Executive Officer shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if a Chairman of the Board shall not have been elected, preside at each meeting of (a) the Board of Directors if the Chief Executive Officer is a director or (b) the stockholders. Subject to the powers of the Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall be in general and active charge of the entire business and affairs of the Corporation, and shall be its chief policy making officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or provided in these Bylaws. The Chief Executive Officer is authorized to execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. Whenever the President is unable to serve, by reason of sickness, absence or otherwise, the Chief Executive Officer shall perform all the duties and responsibilities and exercise all the powers of the President.

Section 7. The President . The President of the Corporation shall, subject to the powers of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer, have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the Corporation, and control over its officers, agents and employees. The President shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The President is authorized to execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where

 

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required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. The President shall, in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, act with all of the powers and be subject to all of the restrictions of the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors or as may be provided in these Bylaws.

Section 8. Vice Presidents . The Vice President, or if there shall be more than one, the Vice Presidents, in the order determined by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, shall, perform such duties and have such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. The Vice Presidents may also be designated as Executive Vice Presidents or Senior Vice Presidents, as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 9. The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries . The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors (other than executive sessions thereof) and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose or shall ensure that his or her designee attends each such meeting to act in such capacity. Under the Board of Directors’ supervision, the Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these Bylaws or by law; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation. The Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, any of the assistant secretaries, shall in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or Secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 10. The Chief Financial Officer and the Treasurer . The Chief Financial Officer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with applicable law or generally accepted accounting principles; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Chairman of the Board or the Board of Directors; shall receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever; shall cause the funds of the Corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; and shall render to the Board of Directors, at its regular meeting or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of the financial condition and operations of the Corporation; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. The Treasurer, if any, shall in the absence or disability of the chief financial officer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the chief financial officer, subject to the power of the board of directors. The Treasurer, if any, shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

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Section 11. Appointed Officers . In addition to officers designated by the Board in accordance with this ARTICLE IV, the Chief Executive Officer shall have the authority to appoint other officers below the level of Board-appointed Vice President as the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time deem expedient and may designate for such officers titles that appropriately reflect their positions and responsibilities. Such appointed officers shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as may be assigned to them by the Chief Executive Officer or the senior officer to whom they report, consistent with corporate policies. An appointed officer shall serve until the earlier of such officer’s resignation or such officer’s removal by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors at any time, either with or without cause.

Section 12. Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents . Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these Bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.

Section 13. Officers’ Bonds or Other Security . If required by the Board of Directors, any officer of the Corporation shall give a bond or other security for the faithful performance of his duties, in such amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors may require.

Section 14. Delegation of Authority . The Board of Directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

ARTICLE V

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

Section 1. Form . The shares of stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. If shares are represented by certificates, the certificates shall be in such form as required by applicable law and as determined by the Board of Directors. Each certificate shall certify the number of shares owned by such holder in the Corporation and shall be signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by two authorized officers of the Corporation including but not limited to the Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any or all signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have been issued by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures

 

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have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation at the date of issue. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The Board of Directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the Corporation. The Corporation, or its designated transfer agent or other agent, shall keep a book or set of books to be known as the stock transfer books of the Corporation, containing the name of each holder of record, together with such holder’s address and the number and class or series of shares held by such holder and the date of issue. When shares are represented by certificates, the Corporation shall issue and deliver to each holder to whom such shares have been issued or transferred, certificates representing the shares owned by such holder, and shares of stock of the Corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the Corporation or its designated transfer agent or other agent of the certificate or certificates for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps. In that event, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate or certificates and record the transaction on its books. When shares are not represented by certificates, shares of stock of the Corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, with such evidence of the authenticity of such transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps, and within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, the Corporation shall, if required by applicable law, send the holder to whom such shares have been issued or transferred a written statement of the information required by applicable law. Unless otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or any other instrument, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated stock and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.

Section 2. Lost Certificates . The Corporation may issue or direct a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the Corporation may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct, sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

Section 3. Registered Stockholders . The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its records as the owner of shares of stock to receive dividends, to vote, to receive notifications and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner. The Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares of stock on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by applicable law.

 

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Section 4. Fixing a Record Date for Purposes Other Than Stockholder Meetings or Actions by Written Consent . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action (other than stockholder meetings and stockholder written consents which are expressly governed by Sections 12 and 13 of ARTICLE II hereof), the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

ARTICLE VI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Dividends . Subject to and in accordance with applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation and any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock, dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation may be declared and paid by the Board of Directors, in accordance with applicable law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock, subject to the provisions of applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose. The Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserves in the manner in which they were created.

Section 2. Checks, Notes, Drafts, Etc . All checks, notes, drafts or other orders for the payment of money of the Corporation shall be signed, endorsed or accepted in the name of the Corporation by such officer, officers, person or persons as from time to time may be designated by the Board of Directors or by an officer or officers authorized by the Board of Directors to make such designation.

Section 3. Contracts . In addition to the powers otherwise granted to officers pursuant to ARTICLE IV hereof, the Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, or any agent or agents, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to enter into or execute and deliver any and all deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts and other obligations or instruments, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

Section 4. Loans . Subject to compliance with applicable law (including Section 13(k) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), the Corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the Corporation or of its subsidiaries, including any officer or employee who is a director of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the Corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest, and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the Corporation. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the Corporation at common law or under any statute.

 

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Section 5. Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 6. Corporate Seal . The Board of Directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware.” The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no seal shall be required by virtue of this Section.

Section 7. Voting Securities Owned By Corporation . Voting securities in any other corporation or entity held by the Corporation shall be voted by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer, unless the Board of Directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon some other person or officer. Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

Section 8. Inspection of Books and Records . Subject to applicable law, the Board of Directors shall have power from time to time to determine to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations the accounts and books of the Corporation, or any of them, shall be open to the inspection of the stockholders; and no stockholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Corporation, except as conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, unless and until authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 9. Facsimile Signatures . In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these Bylaws and subject to applicable law, facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors.

Section 10. Section Headings . Section headings in these Bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

Section 11. Inconsistent Provisions . In the event that any provision (or part thereof) of these Bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, the DGCL, any other applicable law or the Nomination Agreement, the provision (or part thereof) of these Bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

Section 12. Time Periods . Unless otherwise provided by applicable law or expressly provided herein, in applying any provision of these Bylaws that requires that an act be done or not be done a specified number of days prior to an event or that an act be done during a period of a specified number of days prior to an event, calendar days shall be used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded and the day of the event shall be included.

 

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ARTICLE VII

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Right to Indemnification and Advancement . Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (including involvement, without limitation, as a witness) in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ proceeding ”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (an “ indemnitee ”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and related disbursements, judgments, fines, excise taxes or penalties under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time (“ ERISA ”) and any other penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in this Section 2 of this ARTICLE VII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advance of expenses (as defined below), the Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses conferred in this Section 1 of ARTICLE VII shall be contract rights. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred herein, an indemnitee shall also have the right, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (an “ advance of expenses ”); provided, however, that if and to the extent that the DGCL requires, an advance of expenses shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (an “ undertaking ”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (a “ final adjudication ”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 1 or otherwise. The Corporation may also, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification and advancement to employees and agents of the Corporation. Any reference to an officer of the Corporation in this ARTICLE VII shall be deemed to refer exclusively to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Corporation appointed pursuant to ARTICLE IV, and to any Vice President, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Treasurer or other officer of the Corporation appointed by the Board of Directors pursuant to ARTICLE IV of these By-laws, and any reference to an officer of any other enterprise shall be deemed to refer exclusively to an officer appointed by the board of directors or equivalent governing body of such other entity pursuant to the certificate of incorporation and bylaws or equivalent organizational documents of such other enterprise. The

 

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fact that any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation or an employee of any other enterprise has been given or has used the title of “Vice President” or any other title that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation or of such other enterprise shall not result in such person being constituted as, or being deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation or of such other enterprise for purposes of this ARTICLE VII.

Section 2. Procedure for Indemnification . Any claim for indemnification or advance of expenses by an indemnitee under this Section 2 of ARTICLE VII shall be made promptly, and in any event within forty-five days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty days, provided that the director or officer has delivered the undertaking contemplated by Section 1 of this ARTICLE VII if required), upon the written request of the indemnitee. If the Corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advance of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within forty-five days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty days, provided that the indemnitee has delivered the undertaking contemplated by Section 1 of this ARTICLE VII if required), the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this ARTICLE VII shall be enforceable by the indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction. Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for the advance of expenses where the undertaking required pursuant to Section 1 of this ARTICLE VII, if any, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct which make it permissible under the DGCL for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proof shall be on the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 3. Insurance . The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was or has agreed to become a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, administrator, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expenses, liability or loss under the DGCL.

Section 4. Service for Subsidiaries . Any person serving as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, administrator, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, at least 50% of whose equity interests are owned by the Corporation (a “ subsidiary ” for purposes of this ARTICLE VII) shall be conclusively presumed to be serving in such capacity at the request of the Corporation.

 

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Section 5. Reliance . Persons who after the date of the adoption of this provision become or remain directors or officers of the Corporation or who, while a director or officer of the Corporation, become or remain a director, officer, employee or agent of a subsidiary, shall be conclusively presumed to have relied on the rights to indemnity, advance of expenses and other rights contained in this ARTICLE VII in entering into or continuing such service. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the rights to indemnification and to the advance of expenses conferred in this ARTICLE VII shall apply to claims made against an indemnitee arising out of acts or omissions which occurred or occur both prior and subsequent to the adoption hereof. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this ARTICLE VII that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal.

Section 6. Non-Exclusivity of Rights; Continuation of Rights of Indemnification . The rights to indemnification and to the advance of expenses conferred in this ARTICLE VII shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under the Certificate of Incorporation or under any statute, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. All rights to indemnification under this ARTICLE VII shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each director or officer of the Corporation who serves or served in such capacity at any time while this ARTICLE VII is in effect. Any repeal or modification of this ARTICLE VII or repeal or modification of relevant provisions of the DGCL or any other applicable laws shall not in any way diminish any rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses of such director or officer or the obligations of the Corporation arising hereunder with respect to any proceeding arising out of, or relating to, any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final adoption of such repeal or modification.

Section 7. Merger or Consolidation . For purposes of this ARTICLE VII, references to the “Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this ARTICLE VII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

Section 8. Savings Clause . To the fullest extent permitted by law, if this ARTICLE VII or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and advance expenses to each person entitled to indemnification under Section 1 of this ARTICLE VII as to all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and related disbursements, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and any other penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by such person and for which indemnification and advancement of expenses is available to such person pursuant to this ARTICLE VII to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this ARTICLE VII that shall not have been invalidated.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be amended, altered, changed or repealed or new Bylaws adopted only in accordance with Section 1 of ARTICLE ELEVEN of the Certificate of Incorporation.

*    *    *    *    *

 

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Exhibit 10.1

TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

by and among

CARVANA CO.,

CERTAIN OTHER PERSONS NAMED HEREIN,

and

THE AGENT

DATED AS OF APRIL 27, 2017

 


TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

This TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of April 27, 2017, is hereby entered into by and among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (together with its Subsidiaries that are consolidated for U.S. federal income and applicable state and local Tax purposes, and assuming for this purpose that all available elections to file consolidated tax returns have been made, the “ Corporate Taxpayer ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), the TRA Holders and the Agent.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the TRA Holders currently hold limited liability company interests (“ Units ”) the Company, which is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

WHEREAS, the Corporate Taxpayer is the sole managing member of Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporate Taxpayer (“ Carvana Co. Sub ”);

WHEREAS, Carvana Co. Sub, which has elected to be taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a holder of Units and the sole manager of the Company;

WHEREAS, the Company and each of its direct and indirect Subsidiaries that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”), and any corresponding provisions of state and local Tax law, for each Taxable Year in which an Exchange (as defined below) occurs, which election is expected to result, with respect to the Corporate Taxpayer, in an adjustment to the Tax basis of the assets owned by the Company and such Subsidiaries;

WHEREAS, (i) from and after the closing of IPO Date (as defined below), the TRA Holders may sell all or a portion of their Units (solely to the extent such Units are Exchangeable Units (as defined below)), together with shares of Class B Common Stock (as defined below), to Carvana Co. Sub for cash and/or Class A Common Stock (as defined below) and (ii) on the closing of IPO Date, interests in Carvana, LLC will be transferred to Carvana Co. Sub, in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii), in one or more Exchanges, and as a result of such Exchanges, the Corporate Taxpayer is expected to obtain or be entitled to certain Tax benefits as further described herein; and

WHEREAS, this Agreement is intended to set forth the agreements among the parties hereto regarding the sharing of the Tax benefits realized by the Corporate Taxpayer as a result of the Exchanges.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 


ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

Section 1.1 Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth in this Article I shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined).

Accrued Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

Actual Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the actual liability for Taxes of (i) the Corporate Taxpayer and (ii) without duplication, the Company, but only with respect to Taxes imposed on the taxable income of the Company that is allocable to the Corporate Taxpayer or to the other members of the consolidated, combined, or unitary group of which the Corporate Taxpayer is a member for such Taxable Year.

Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such first Person.

Agent ” means Ernest C. Garcia, II or such other Person designated as such pursuant to Section 7.6(c) .

Agreed Rate ” means a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points.

Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

Amended Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(b) of this Agreement.

Attributable ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

Basis Adjustment ” means any adjustment to the Tax basis of a Reference Asset as a result of an Exchange and the payments made pursuant to this Agreement with respect to such Exchange (as calculated under Section  2.1 of this Agreement), including, but not limited to: (i) under Sections 734(b), 743(b), and 754 of the Code (in situations where, following an Exchange, the Company remains classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes); and (ii) under Sections 732(b), 734(b) and 1012 of the Code (in situations where, as a result of one or more Exchanges, the Company becomes an entity that is disregarded as separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and in each case, comparable sections of state and local Tax laws. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) the amount of any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange of Exchangeable Units shall be determined without regard to any Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to such Exchangeable Units prior to such Exchange, (ii) payments made under this Agreement shall not be treated as resulting in a Basis Adjustment to the extent such payments are treated as Imputed Interest, and (iii) for the purpose of calculating any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange, all consideration shall be allocated to the purchase of Exchangeable Units (and none to the Class B Common Stock, if any) in such Exchange.

Beneficial Owner ” means, with respect to a security, a Person who directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares:

 

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(i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, such security and/or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such security. The terms “Beneficially Own” and “Beneficial Ownership” shall have correlative meanings.

Board ” means the board of directors of the Corporate Taxpayer.

Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which the banks in New York, New York or Phoenix, Arizona are authorized by law to be closed.

Cash Payment ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement. “ Change of Control ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Change of Control Exchange ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Change of Control Exchange Date ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Class  A Common Stock ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Class  B Common Stock ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Code ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

Common Units ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Company ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

Control ” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

Corporate Taxpayer ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

Corporate Taxpayer Return ” means the U.S. federal and/or state and local Tax Return of the Corporate Taxpayer (including any consolidated group of which the Corporate Taxpayer is a member, as further described in Section 7.13(a) of this Agreement) filed with respect to any Taxable Year.

Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit ” for a Taxable Year means the cumulative amount (but not less than zero) of Realized Tax Benefits for all Taxable Years of the Corporate Taxpayer, up to and including such Taxable Year, net of the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Detriments for the same period. The Realized Tax Benefit and Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year shall be determined based on the most recent Tax Benefit Schedule or Amended Schedule, if any, in existence at the time of such determination.

Default Rate ” means a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 500 basis points.

Determination ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 1313(a) of the Code or similar provision of any state and local Tax law or any other event (including the execution of IRS Form 870-AD) that finally and conclusively establishes the amount of any liability for Tax.

 

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Disputing Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section  7.9 of this Agreement.

Early Termination ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.1 of this Agreement.

Early Termination Date ” means the date of an Early Termination Notice for purposes of determining the Early Termination Payment.

Early Termination Effective Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.4 of this Agreement.

Early Termination Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.4 of this Agreement.

Early Termination Payment ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5(b) of this Agreement.

Early Termination Rate ” means a per annum rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points.

Early Termination Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.4 of this Agreement.

Exchange ” means (i) any “Exchange” as defined in the Exchange Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Change of Control Exchange) and (ii) the transfer of interests in Carvana, LLC to Carvana Co. Sub pursuant to that certain Transfer Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, by and among Ernest C. Garcia, II, Carvana Group, LLC, Carvana, LLC, the Corporate Taxpayer and Carvana Co. Sub.

Exchange Act ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Exchange Agreement ” means that certain Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2017, by and among Carvana Co. Sub, the Company and the other parties thereto.

Exchange Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in Section  2.1 of this Agreement.

Exchangeable Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Expert ” means a “Big 4” accounting firm not disqualified by conflicts or independence analysis or such nationally recognized expert in the particular area of disagreement as is mutually acceptable to both parties.

Hypothetical Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the liability for Taxes of the Corporate Taxpayer and, without duplication, the Company, but only with respect to Taxes imposed on taxable income of the Company allocable to the Corporate Taxpayer or to the other members of the consolidated, combined, or unitary group of which the Corporate Taxpayer is a member for such Taxable Year (in each case, using the same methods, elections, conventions, and similar practices used on the relevant Corporate Taxpayer Return), but without taking into account (i) any Basis Adjustments and (ii) any deduction attributable to Imputed Interest for the Taxable Year. For the avoidance of doubt, Hypothetical Tax Liability shall be determined without taking into account the carryover or carryback of any Tax item (or portions thereof) that is attributable to any Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest.

 

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Imputed Interest ” means any interest imputed under Section 1272, 1274 or 483 or other provision of the Code and any similar provision of any state and local Tax law with respect to the Corporate Taxpayer’s payment obligations under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Imputed Interest shall not include any Accrued Amount.

IPO ” means an initial public offering of Class A Common Stock of the Corporate Taxpayer or its successor in interest or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporate Taxpayer pursuant to which such Class A Common Stock is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and is listed on a national securities exchange.

IPO Date ” means the closing date of the IPO.

IRS ” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

LIBOR ” means during any period, an interest rate per annum equal to the one-year LIBOR rate reported, on the date two (2) calendar days prior to the first day of such period, on the Telerate Page 3750 (or if such screen shall cease to be publicly available, as reported on Reuters Screen page “LIBOR01” or by any other publicly available source of such market rate) for London interbank offered rates for United States dollar deposits for such period.

LLC Agreement ” means the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company, as amended from time to time.

Material Objection Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.4 of this Agreement.

Net Tax Benefit ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

Objection Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a) of this Agreement.

Payment Date ” means any date on which a payment is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement.

Person ” means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association, organization, governmental entity or other entity.

Realized Tax Benefit ” means, for a Taxable Year, the excess, if any, of the Hypothetical Tax Liability over the Actual Tax Liability. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for the Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit by a Taxing Authority for any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Benefit unless and until there has been a Determination.

Realized Tax Detriment ” means, for a Taxable Year, the excess, if any, of the Actual Tax Liability over the Hypothetical Tax Liability. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for the Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit by a Taxing Authority for any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Detriment unless and until there has been a Determination.

Reconciliation Dispute ” has the meaning set forth in Section  7.9 of this Agreement.

 

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Reconciliation Procedures ” means the procedures described in Section  7.9 of this Agreement.

Reference Asset ” means, with respect to any Exchange, an asset that is held by the Company, or any of its direct or indirect Subsidiaries that is treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for purposes of the applicable Tax (but only to the extent such Subsidiaries are not held through any entity treated as a corporation for purposes of the applicable Tax), at the time of such Exchange. A Reference Asset also includes any asset that is “substituted basis property” under Section 7701(a)(42) of the Code with respect to a Reference Asset.

Schedule ” means any of the following: (i) an Exchange Schedule, (ii) a Tax Benefit Schedule, or (iii) the Early Termination Schedule.

Senior Obligations ” has the meaning set forth in Section  5.1 of this Agreement.

Subsidiaries ” means, with respect to any Person, as of any date of determination, any other Person as to which such Person, owns, directly or indirectly, or otherwise controls more than 50% of the voting power or other similar interests or the sole general partner interest or managing member or similar interest of such Person.

Tax Benefit Payment ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement.

Tax Benefit Schedule ” has the meaning set forth in Section  2.2 of this Agreement.

Tax Proceeding ” has the meaning set forth in Section  6.1 of this Agreement.

Tax Return ” means any return, declaration, report or similar statement filed or required to be filed with respect to Taxes (including any attached schedules), including, without limitation, any information return, claim for refund, amended return and declaration of estimated Tax.

Taxable Year ” means a taxable year of the Corporate Taxpayer as defined in Section 441(b) of the Code or comparable section of state or local Tax law, as applicable (which, for the avoidance of doubt, may include a period of less than twelve (12) months for which a Tax Return is made), ending on or after the date hereof.

Taxes ” means any and all U.S. federal, state and local taxes, assessments or similar charges that are based on or measured with respect to net income or profits, and any interest related to such Tax.

Taxing Authority ” means any federal, national, state, county or municipal or other local government, any subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof, or any quasi- governmental body exercising any taxing authority or any other authority exercising Tax regulatory authority.

TRA Holder ” means each of those Persons set forth on Schedule A and their respective successors and permitted assigns pursuant to Section 7.6(a) .

Transferor ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.13(b) of this Agreement.

 

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Treasury Regulations ” means the final, temporary and proposed regulations under the Code promulgated from time to time (including corresponding provisions and succeeding provisions) as in effect for the relevant Taxable Year.

Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

Valuation Assumptions ” means, as of an Early Termination Date, the assumptions that (i) in each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Date, the Corporate Taxpayer will have taxable income sufficient to fully utilize the deductions arising from all Basis Adjustments and the Imputed Interest during such Taxable Year or future Taxable Years (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest that would result from future Tax Benefit Payments that would be paid in accordance with the Valuation Assumptions, further assuming such future Tax Benefit Payments would be paid on the due date, without extensions, for filing the Corporate Taxpayer Return for the applicable Taxable Year) in which such deductions would become available, (ii) any loss or credit carryovers generated by deductions or losses arising from any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest that are available in the Taxable Year that includes the Early Termination Date will be utilized by the Corporate Taxpayer in the earliest possible Taxable Year permitted by the Code and the Treasury Regulations from the Early Termination Date, (iii) the U.S. federal, state and local income and franchise tax rates that will be in effect for each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Date will be those specified for each such Taxable Year by the Code and other law as in effect on the Early Termination Date, (iv) any non-amortizable Reference Assets to which any Basis Adjustment is attributable will be disposed of in a fully taxable transaction for Tax purposes on the earlier of (A) the fifteenth anniversary of the Exchange which gave rise to such Basis Adjustment or (B) the Early Termination Date, and (v) if, at the Early Termination Date, there are Exchangeable Units that have not been transferred in an Exchange, then all Exchangeable Units and (if applicable) shares of Class B Common Stock shall be deemed to be transferred in an Exchange effective on the Early Termination Date.

Section 1.2 Other Definitional and Interpretative Provisions . The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of like import used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. References to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules are to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules of this Agreement unless otherwise specified. All Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Any capitalized terms used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not otherwise defined therein, shall have the meaning as defined in this Agreement. Any singular term in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the plural, and any plural term the singular. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation,” whether or not they are in fact followed by those words or words of like import. “Writing,” “written” and comparable terms refer to printing, typing and other means of reproducing words (including electronic media) in a visible form. References to any agreement or contract are to that agreement or contract as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof. References to any Person include the successors and permitted assigns of that Person. References from or through any date mean, unless otherwise specified, from and including or through and including, respectively.

 

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ARTICLE II

DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN REALIZED TAX BENEFITS

Section 2.1 Exchange Schedule . Within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal Corporate Taxpayer Return for each Taxable Year in which any Exchange has been effected by a TRA Holder, the Corporate Taxpayer shall deliver to the Agent a schedule (the “ Exchange Schedule ”) that shows, in reasonable detail necessary to perform the calculations required by this Agreement, including with respect to each TRA Holder participating in any Exchange during such Taxable Year, (i) the Basis Adjustments with respect to the Reference Assets as a result of the Exchanges effected by such TRA Holder in such Taxable Year and (ii) the period (or periods) over which such Basis Adjustments are amortizable and/or depreciable.

Section 2.2 Tax Benefit Schedule .

(a) Tax Benefit Schedule . Within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal Corporate Taxpayer Return for any Taxable Year in which there is a Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, the Corporate Taxpayer shall provide to the Agent: (i) a schedule showing, in reasonable detail, (A) the calculation of the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year, (B) the portion of the Net Tax Benefit, if any, that is Attributable to each TRA Holder who has participated in any Exchange, (C) the Accrued Amount with respect to any such Net Tax Benefit that is Attributable to such TRA Holder, (D) the Tax Benefit Payment determined pursuant to Section 3.1(b) of this Agreement due to each such TRA Holder, and (E) the portion of such Tax Benefit Payment that the Corporate Taxpayer intends to treat as Imputed Interest (a “ Tax Benefit Schedule ”), (ii) a reasonably detailed calculation by the Corporate Taxpayer of the Hypothetical Tax Liability, (iii) a reasonably detailed calculation by the Corporate Taxpayer of the Actual Tax Liability, (iv) a copy of the Corporate Taxpayer Return for such Taxable Year, and (v) any other work papers reasonably requested by the Agent. In addition, the Corporate Taxpayer shall allow the Agent reasonable access at no cost to the appropriate representatives of the Corporate Taxpayer in connection with a review of such Tax Benefit Schedule. The Tax Benefit Schedule will become final as provided in Section 2.3(a) and may be amended as provided in Section 2.3(b) (subject to the procedures set forth in Section 2.3(b) ).

(b) Applicable Principles . The Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year is intended to measure the decrease or increase in the Corporate Taxpayer’s actual liability for Taxes for such Taxable Year that is attributable to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest, determined using a “with and without” methodology. For the avoidance of doubt, such actual liability for Taxes will take into account the deduction of the portion of the Tax Benefit Payment that must be accounted for as interest under the Code based upon the characterization of Tax Benefit Payments as additional consideration payable by the Corporate Taxpayer. For purposes of calculating the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for any Taxable Year, carryforwards or carrybacks of any Tax item (such as a net operating loss) attributable to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest shall be considered to be subject to the rules of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and the corresponding provisions of state and local Tax laws, as applicable, governing the use, limitation and expiration of carryforwards or carrybacks of the relevant type. If a carryforward or carryback of any Tax item includes a portion

 

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that is attributable to the Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest (a “ TRA Portion ”) and another portion that is not so attributable (a “ Non-TRA Portion ”), such respective portions shall be considered to be used in accordance with the “with and without” methodology so that: (i) the amount of any Non-TRA Portion is deemed utilized first, followed by the amount of any TRA Portion; and (ii) in the case of a carryback of a Non-TRA Portion, such carryback shall not affect the original “with and without” calculation made in the applicable prior Taxable Year. For the avoidance of doubt, the TRA Portion of any Tax item when such item is incurred shall be determined using a marginal “with and without” methodology by calculating (i) the amount of such Tax item for all Tax purposes taking into account the Basis Adjustments or Imputed Interest and (ii) the amount of such Tax item for all Tax purposes without taking into account the Basis Adjustments or Imputed Interest, with the TRA Portion equal to the excess of the amount specified in clause (i) over the amount specified in clause (ii) (but only if such excess is greater than zero). The parties agree that (i) any payment under this Agreement, including the Accrued Amount (other than amounts accounted for as Imputed Interest) will be treated as a subsequent upward adjustment to the purchase price of the relevant Exchangeable Units and will have the effect of creating additional Basis Adjustments to Reference Assets for the Corporate Taxpayer in the year of payment, and (ii) as a result, such additional Basis Adjustments will be incorporated into the current year calculation and into future year calculations, as appropriate.

Section 2.3 Procedure; Amendments .

(a) An applicable Schedule or amendment thereto shall become final and binding on all parties thirty (30) calendar days from the first date on which the Agent has received the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto unless (i) the Agent, within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving an applicable Schedule or amendment thereto, provides the Corporate Taxpayer with notice of a material objection to such Schedule (“ Objection Notice ”) made in good faith or (ii) the Agent provides a written waiver of such right of any Objection Notice within the period described in clause (i) above, in which case such Schedule or amendment thereto becomes binding on the date a waiver from the Agent has been received by the Corporate Taxpayer. If the Corporate Taxpayer and Agent, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in an Objection Notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporate Taxpayer of such Objection Notice, the Corporate Taxpayer and Agent shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures under Section  7.9 .

(b) The applicable Schedule for any Taxable Year may be amended from time to time by the Corporate Taxpayer (i) in connection with a Determination affecting such Schedule, (ii) to correct inaccuracies in the Schedule identified as a result of the receipt of additional factual information relating to a Taxable Year after the date the Schedule was provided to the Agent, (iii) to comply with the Expert’s determination under the Reconciliation Procedures, (iv) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to a carryback or carryforward of a loss or other Tax item to such Taxable Year, (v) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to an amended Corporate Taxpayer Return filed for such Taxable Year or (vi) to adjust an Exchange Schedule to take into account payments made pursuant to this Agreement (any such Schedule, an “ Amended Schedule ”).The Corporate Taxpayer shall provide an Amended Schedule to the Agent within sixty (60) calendar days of the occurrence of an event referenced in clauses (i) through (vi) of the preceding sentence. For the avoidance of doubt, in

 

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the event a Schedule is amended after such Schedule becomes final pursuant to Section 2.3(a) , the Amended Schedule shall not be taken into account in calculating any Tax Benefit Payment in the Taxable Year to which the amendment relates but instead shall be taken into account in calculating the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit for the Taxable Year in which the amendment actually occurs.

ARTICLE III

TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS

Section 3.1 Payments .

(a) Within five (5) calendar days after a Tax Benefit Schedule delivered to the Agent becomes final in accordance with Section 2.3(a) , the Corporate Taxpayer shall pay to each TRA Holder the Tax Benefit Payment in respect of such TRA Holder determined pursuant to Section 3.1(b) for such Taxable Year. Each such payment shall be made by check, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the bank account previously designated by the TRA Holder to the Corporate Taxpayer, or as otherwise agreed by the Corporate Taxpayer and the TRA Holder. For the avoidance of doubt, no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made in respect of estimated Tax payments, including, without limitation, U.S. federal or state estimated income Tax payments. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, unless otherwise specified by a TRA Holder in the Exchange Notice for any Exchange that occurs pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (or otherwise specified in writing by any TRA Holder with respect to an Exchange), the aggregate Tax Benefit Payments in respect of such Exchange (other than amounts accounted for as interest under the Code) shall not exceed 50% of the fair market value of the consideration received on such Exchange (whether as a Cash Payment, as shares of Class A Common Stock, or as other consideration).

(b) A “ Tax Benefit Payment ” in respect of a TRA Holder for a Taxable Year means an amount, not less than zero, equal to the sum of the portion of the Net Tax Benefit Attributable to such TRA Holder and the Accrued Amount with respect thereto. A Net Tax Benefit is “ Attributable ” to a TRA Holder to the extent that it is derived from any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest that is attributable to the Exchangeable Units acquired or deemed acquired by the Corporate Taxpayer or the interests in Carvana, LLC acquired by Carvana Co. Sub in an Exchange undertaken by or with respect to such TRA Holder. Subject to Section  3.3 , the “ Net Tax Benefit ” for a Taxable Year shall be an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) 85% of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit as of the end of such Taxable Year over (ii) the total amount of payments previously made under this Section  3.1 (excluding payments attributable to Accrued Amounts); provided , for the avoidance of doubt, that no TRA Holder shall be required to return any portion of any previously made Tax Benefit Payment. The “ Accrued Amount ” with respect to any portion of a Net Tax Benefit shall equal an amount determined in the same manner as interest on such portion of the Net Tax Benefit for a Taxable Year calculated at the Agreed Rate from the due date (without extensions) for filing the Corporate Taxpayer Return for such Taxable Year until the Payment Date. For the avoidance of doubt, for Tax purposes, the Accrued Amount shall not be treated as interest but shall instead be treated as additional consideration for the acquisition of Exchangeable Units or interests in Carvana, LLC in an Exchange unless otherwise required by law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for each Taxable Year ending on or after the date of a Change of Control Exchange where the provisions of Section  4.2 do not apply,

 

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all Tax Benefit Payments, whether paid with respect to Exchangeable Units that were the subject of an Exchange (i) prior to the related Change of Control Exchange Date or (ii) on or after such Change of Control Exchange Date, shall be calculated by utilizing the assumptions in clauses (i), (ii) and (iv) of the definition of Valuation Assumptions, substituting in each case the term “Change of Control Exchange Date” for an “Early Termination Date”.

Section 3.2 No Duplicative Payments . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement will not result in duplicative payment of any amount (including interest) required under this Agreement. It is also intended that the provisions of this Agreement will result in 85% of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit, and the Accrued Amount thereon, being paid to the TRA Holders. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in the appropriate manner to achieve these fundamental results.

Section 3.3 Pro Rata Payments; Coordination of Benefits .

(a) Notwithstanding anything in Section  3.1 to the contrary, to the extent that the aggregate amount of the Corporate Taxpayer’s Tax benefit subject to this Agreement is limited in a particular Taxable Year because the Corporate Taxpayer does not have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize available deductions and other attributes, the limitation on the Tax benefit for the Corporate Taxpayer shall be allocated among the TRA Holders in proportion to the respective amounts of Net Tax Benefit that would have been determined under this Agreement if the Corporate Taxpayer had sufficient taxable income so that there were no such limitation.

(b) After taking into account Section 3.3(a) , if for any reason the Corporate Taxpayer does not fully satisfy its payment obligations to make all Tax Benefit Payments due under this Agreement in respect of a particular Taxable Year, then (i) the Corporate Taxpayer will pay the same proportion of each Tax Benefit Payment due to each TRA Holder in respect of such Taxable Year, without favoring one obligation over the other, and (ii) no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made in respect of any Taxable Year until all Tax Benefit Payments in respect of prior Taxable Years have been made in full.

(c) To the extent the Corporate Taxpayer makes a payment to a TRA Holder in respect of a particular Taxable Year under Section 3.1(a) of this Agreement (taking into account Section 3.3(a) and (b) , but excluding payments attributable to Accrued Amounts) in an amount in excess of the amount of such payment that should have been made to such TRA Holder in respect of such Taxable Year, then (i) such TRA Holder shall not receive further payments under Section 3.1(a) until such TRA Holder has foregone an amount of payments equal to such excess and (ii) the Corporate Taxpayer will pay the amount of such TRA Holder’s foregone payments to the other Persons to whom a payment is due under this Agreement in a manner such that each such Person to whom a payment is due under this Agreement, to the maximum extent possible, receives aggregate payments under Section 3.1(a) (taking into account Section 3.3(a) and (b) , but excluding payments attributable to Accrued Amounts) in the amount it would have received if there had been no excess payment to such TRA Holder.

 

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ARTICLE IV

TERMINATION

Section 4.1 Early Termination by the Corporate Taxpayer . With the written approval of a majority of its independent directors, the Corporate Taxpayer may terminate this Agreement at any time by paying to each TRA Holder the Early Termination Payment due to such TRA Holder pursuant to Section 4.5(b) (such termination, an “ Early Termination ”); provided , however , that this Agreement shall only terminate upon the receipt of the Early Termination Payment by the TRA Holders. Upon payment of the Early Termination Payment by the Corporate Taxpayer, the Corporate Taxpayer shall not have any further payment obligations under this Agreement, other than for any (i) Tax Benefit Payment previously due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice and (ii) any Tax Benefit Payment due for any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including the Early Termination Date (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (ii) is included in the Early Termination Payment).

Section 4.2 Early Termination upon Change of Control Exchange . In the event of a Change of Control Exchange, all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and such obligations shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the Change of Control Exchange Date and shall include, but not be limited to the following: (a) payment of the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on such Change of Control Exchange Date, (b) payment of any Tax Benefit Payment in respect of a TRA Holder agreed to by the Corporate Taxpayer and such TRA Holder as due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice, and (c) payment of any Tax Benefit Payment due for any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including such Change of Control Exchange Date (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (c) is included in the Early Termination Payment). In the event of a Change of Control Exchange, the Early Termination Payment shall be calculated utilizing the Valuation Assumptions and by substituting in each case the term “Change of Control Exchange Date” for the term “Early Termination Date.”

Section 4.3 Breach of Agreement .

(a) In the event that the Corporate Taxpayer breaches any of its material obligations under this Agreement, whether as a result of failure to make any payment when due, as a result of failure to honor any other material obligation required hereunder or by operation of law as a result of the rejection of this Agreement in a case commenced under the Bankruptcy Code or otherwise, then, unless otherwise waived in writing by a majority of the TRA Holders, such breach shall be treated as an Early Termination and all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and such obligations shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such breach and shall include, but shall not be limited to, (i) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of a breach, (ii) any Tax Benefit Payment previously due and payable but unpaid as of the date of the breach, and (iii) any Tax Benefit Payment due for any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including the date of the breach (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (iii) is included in the Early Termination Payment). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Corporate Taxpayer breaches any of its material obligations under this Agreement, a majority of the TRA Holders shall be entitled to elect to receive the amounts set forth in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) above or to seek specific performance of the terms hereof.

 

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(b) The parties agree that the failure to make any payment due pursuant to this Agreement within three (3) months of the date such payment is due shall be deemed to be a breach of a material obligation under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement, and that it shall not be considered to be a breach of a material obligation under this Agreement to make a payment due pursuant to this Agreement within three (3) months of the date such payment is due. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary: (i) it shall not be a breach of this Agreement (and Section  5.2 shall apply, but the Default Rate shall be replaced by the Agreed Rate) if the Corporate Taxpayer fails to make any Tax Benefit Payment when due to the extent that the Corporate Taxpayer has insufficient funds to make such payment as a result of limitations imposed by credit agreements in respect of indebtedness for borrowed money to which the Company, the Corporate Taxpayer, or any of their Subsidiaries is a party (including, without limitation, limitations on the ability of the Company and its direct or indirect Subsidiaries to make distributions or payments to the Corporate Taxpayer) or the Board determines reasonably and in good faith that making any such distribution or payment would result in a default under any such existing credit agreement in respect of indebtedness for borrowed money to which the Company, the Corporate Taxpayer, or any of their Subsidiaries is a party and (ii) it shall not be a breach of this Agreement (and Section  5.2 shall apply with the Default Rate applied to any late payments) if the Corporate Taxpayer fails to make any Tax Benefit Payment when due to the extent that the Board determines reasonably and in good faith that the Corporate Taxpayer has insufficient funds (taking into account the ability of the Company and its direct or indirect Subsidiaries to make distributions or payments to the Corporate Taxpayer) to make such payment for reasons other than those specified in clause (i) of this sentence. The Corporate Taxpayer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain sufficient available funds for the purpose of making required payments under this Agreement and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to avoid entering into credit agreements that could be reasonably anticipated to materially delay the timing of any payments under this Agreement.

Section 4.4 Early Termination Notice . If the Corporate Taxpayer chooses to exercise its right of early termination under Section  4.1 above, the Corporate Taxpayer shall deliver to the Agent notice of such intention to exercise such right (the “ Early Termination Notice ”). Upon delivery of the Early Termination Notice or the occurrence of an event described in Section  4.2 or Section 4.3(a) , the Corporate Taxpayer shall deliver (i) a schedule showing in reasonable detail the calculation of the Early Termination Payment (the “ Early Termination Schedule ”) and (ii) any other work papers reasonably requested by the Agent. In addition, the Corporate Taxpayer shall allow the Agent reasonable access at no cost to the appropriate representatives of the Corporate Taxpayer in connection with a review of such Early Termination Schedule. The Early Termination Schedule shall become final and binding on all parties thirty (30) calendar days from the first date on which the Agent has received such Schedule or amendment thereto unless (x) the Agent, within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving the Early Termination Schedule, provides the Corporate Taxpayer and each other Agent with notice of a material objection to such Schedule made in good faith (“ Material Objection Notice ”) or (y) the Agent provides a written waiver of such right of a Material Objection Notice within the period described in clause (x) above, in which case such Schedule becomes binding on the date a waiver from the Agent has been received by the Corporate Taxpayer (the “ Early Termination Effective Date ”). If the Corporate Taxpayer and Agent, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in such notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporate Taxpayer of the Material Objection Notice, the Corporate Taxpayer and Agent shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures under Section  7.9 .

 

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Section 4.5 Payment upon Early Termination .

(a) Within three (3) calendar days after the Early Termination Effective Date, the Corporate Taxpayer shall pay to each TRA Holder its Early Termination Payment. Each such payment shall be made by check, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account or accounts designated by the TRA Holder, or as otherwise agreed by the Corporate Taxpayer and the TRA Holder.

(b) The “ Early Termination Payment ” shall equal, with respect to each TRA Holder, the present value, discounted at the Early Termination Rate as of the Early Termination Date, of all Tax Benefit Payments that would be required to be paid by the Corporate Taxpayer to such TRA Holder beginning from the Early Termination Date and assuming that the Valuation Assumptions are applied.

ARTICLE V

SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS

Section 5.1 Subordination . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any Tax Benefit Payment, Early Termination Payment or any other payment required to be made by the Corporate Taxpayer to any TRA Holder under this Agreement shall rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to any principal, interest or other amounts due and payable in respect of any obligations in respect of indebtedness for borrowed money of the Corporate Taxpayer and its Subsidiaries (such obligations, “ Senior Obligations ”) and shall rank pari passu with all current or future unsecured obligations of the Corporate Taxpayer that are not Senior Obligations. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the above, the determination of whether it is a breach of this Agreement if the Corporate Taxpayer fails to make any Tax Benefit Payment when due is governed by Section 4.3(a) .

Section 5.2 Late Payments by the Corporate Taxpayer . The amount of all or any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment, Early Termination Payment or any other payment under this Agreement not made to any TRA Holder when due under the terms of this Agreement shall be payable together with any interest thereon, computed at the Default Rate (or, if so provided in Section 4.3(a) , at the Agreed Rate) and commencing from the date on which such Tax Benefit Payment, Early Termination Payment or any other payment under this Agreement was due and payable.

ARTICLE VI

NO DISPUTES; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION

Section 6.1 Participation in the Corporate Taxpayer s and Tax Matters . Except as otherwise provided herein, the Corporate Taxpayer shall have full responsibility for, and sole discretion over, all Tax matters concerning the Corporate Taxpayer, including without limitation preparing, filing or amending any Tax Return and defending, contesting or settling any issue pertaining to Taxes of the Corporate Taxpayer. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporate Taxpayer (i) shall notify the Agent of, and keep the Agent reasonably informed with respect to,

 

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the portion of any audit, examination, or any other administrative or judicial proceeding (a “Tax Proceeding”) of the Corporate Taxpayer by a Taxing Authority the outcome of which is reasonably expected to affect the rights and obligations of the TRA Holders under this Agreement, (ii) shall provide the Agent with reasonable opportunity to provide information and other input to the Corporate Taxpayer and its advisors concerning the conduct of any such portion of a Tax Proceeding, and (iii) shall not enter into any settlement with respect to any such portion of a Tax Proceeding that could have a material effect on the TRA Holders’ rights (including the right to receive payments) under this Agreement without the written consent of the Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; provided , however , that the Corporate Taxpayer shall not be required to take any action, or refrain from taking any action, that is inconsistent with any provision of the LLC Agreement; provided , further , that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Corporate Taxpayer shall prepare, file, and/or amend all Tax Returns in accordance with applicable law (including with respect to the calculation of taxable income and any calculations required to be made under this Agreement) and nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Agent or any TRA Holder from disputing such Tax matters in accordance with Section  7.9 .

Section 6.2 Consistency . The Corporate Taxpayer and the TRA Holders agree to report and cause to be reported for all purposes, including U.S. federal, state and local Tax purposes and financial reporting purposes, all Tax-related items (including, without limitation, the Basis Adjustments, Imputed Interest, and each Tax Benefit Payment), but, for financial reporting purposes, only in respect of items that are not explicitly characterized as “deemed” or in a similar manner by the terms of this Agreement, in a manner consistent with that set forth in any Schedule required to be provided by or on behalf of the Corporate Taxpayer under this Agreement, as finally determined pursuant to Section  2.3 , unless otherwise required by applicable law. If the Corporate Taxpayer and any TRA Holder, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve any disagreement concerning such treatment within thirty (30) calendar days, the Corporate Taxpayer and such TRA Holder shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures under Section  7.9 .

Section 6.3 Cooperation . Each TRA Holder shall (i) furnish to the Corporate Taxpayer in a timely manner such information, documents and other materials as the Corporate Taxpayer may reasonably request for purposes of making any determination or computation necessary or appropriate under this Agreement, preparing any Tax Return or contesting or defending any Tax Proceeding, (ii) make itself available to the Corporate Taxpayer and its representatives to provide explanations of documents and materials and such other information as the Corporate Taxpayer or its representatives may reasonably request in connection with any of the matters described in clause (i) above, and (iii) reasonably cooperate in connection with any such matter. The Corporate Taxpayer shall reimburse the TRA Holder for any reasonable third-party costs and expenses incurred pursuant to this Section  6.3 .

ARTICLE VII

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 7.1 Notices . All notices, demands or other communications to be given or delivered under or by reason of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given or made when (a) delivered personally to the recipient, (b) delivered

 

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by means of electronic mail (with hard copy sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) that same day) if emailed before 5:00 p.m. Phoenix, Arizona time on a Business Day, and otherwise on the next Business Day, or (c) one (1) Business Day after being sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid). All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice:

If to the Corporate Taxpayer or the Company, to :

c/o Carvana Co.

4020 E. Indian School Road

Phoenix, AZ 85018

Telephone: (602) 852-6604

Attention: Paul Breaux, General Counsel

E-mail: paul.breaux@carvana.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice to the Corporate Taxpayer or the Company) to :

Kirkland & Ellis LLP

300 North LaSalle

Chicago, IL 60654

Telephone: (312) 862-2133

Attention: Robert M. Hayward, P.C.

E-mail: robert.hayward@kirkland.com

If to the Agent, to :

Ernest C. Garcia II

c/o Verde Investments

1720 W. Rio Salado Parkway

Tempe, Arizona 85281

If to a TRA Holder other than the Agent, to :

The address set forth in the records of the Company.

Any party may change its address or fax number by giving the other party written notice of its new address or fax number in the manner set forth above.

Section 7.2 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement.

 

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Section 7.3 Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each party hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in Section  3.3 .

Section 7.4 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles thereof that would mandate the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

Section 7.5 Severability . If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

Section 7.6 Successors; Assignment .

(a) No TRA Holder may assign this Agreement to any person without the prior written consent of the Corporate Taxpayer; provided , however, that

(i) to the extent Common Units are transferred in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement, the transferring TRA Holder shall have the option to assign to the transferee of such Common Units the transferring TRA Holder’s rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Common Units as long as such transferee has executed and delivered, or, in connection with such transfer, executes and delivers, a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Corporate Taxpayer, agreeing to become a “TRA Holder” for all purposes of this Agreement, and

(ii) any and all payments payable or that may become payable to a TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement that, once an Exchange has occurred, arise with respect to the Exchangeable Units or the interests in Carvana, LLC transferred in such Exchange, may be assigned to any Person or Persons as long as any such Person has executed and delivered, or, in connection with such assignment, executes and delivers, a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Corporate Taxpayer, agreeing to be bound by Section  7.14 and acknowledging specifically the terms of Section 7.6(b) .

For these purposes, a pledge by a TRA Holder of some or all of its rights, interests or entitlements under this Agreement to any U.S. bank in connection with a bona fide loan or other indebtedness shall not constitute an assignment of this agreement; provided that (y) if Common

 

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Units are transferred to such U.S. bank as a result of a foreclosure or other action relating to such pledge, such transfer shall be a transfer within the meaning of Section 7.6(a )( i ) or (z) if such U.S. bank becomes entitled to payments payable or that may become payable to a TRA Holder as a result of such pledge, such U.S. bank will be treated as a Person to whom such payments were assigned within the meaning of Section 7.6(a)(ii) . For the avoidance of doubt, if a TRA Holder transfers Common Units but does not assign to the transferee of such Common Units the rights of such TRA Holder under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Common Units, such TRA Holder shall continue to be entitled to receive the Tax Benefit Payments, if any, due hereunder with respect to, including any Tax Benefit Payments arising in respect of a subsequent Exchange of, such Common Units.

(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section  7.6 , no assignee described in Section 7.6(a )( ii) shall have any rights under this Agreement except for the right to enforce its right to receive payments under this Agreement.

(c) The Person designated as the Agent may not be changed without the prior written consent of the Corporate Taxpayer and TRA Holders who would be entitled to receive more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate amount of the Early Termination Payments payable to all TRA Holders hereunder if the Corporate Taxpayer had exercised its right of Early Termination on the date of the most recent Exchange prior to such amendment (excluding, for purposes of this sentence, all payments made to any TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement since the date of such most recent Exchange).

(d) Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, shall inure to the benefit of and shall be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. The Corporate Taxpayer shall cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Corporate Taxpayer, by written agreement, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Corporate Taxpayer would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

Section 7.7 Amendments; Waivers . No provision of this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is approved in writing by each of the Corporate Taxpayer and by TRA Holders who would be entitled to receive more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate amount of the Early Termination Payments payable to all TRA Holders hereunder if the Corporate Taxpayer had exercised its right of Early Termination on the date of the most recent Exchange prior to such amendment (excluding, for purposes of this sentence, all payments made to any TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement since the date of such most recent Exchange); provided , however, that no such amendment shall be effective if such amendment would have a disproportionate effect on the payments certain TRA Holders will or may receive under this Agreement unless all such disproportionately affected TRA Holders consent in writing to such amendment.

Section 7.8 Titles and Subtitles . The titles of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be considered in construing this Agreement.

 

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Section 7.9 Reconciliation . In the event that the Corporate Taxpayer and the Agent or any TRA Holder (as applicable, the “ Disputing Party ”) are unable to resolve a disagreement with respect to the calculations required to produce the schedules described in Section  2.3 , Section  4.4 and Section  6.2 within the relevant period designated in this Agreement (“ Reconciliation Dispute ”), the Reconciliation Dispute shall be submitted for determination to the Expert. The Expert shall be a partner or principal in a nationally recognized accounting or law firm, and unless the Corporate Taxpayer and the Disputing Party agree otherwise, the Expert shall not, and the firm that employs the Expert shall not, have any material relationship with the Corporate Taxpayer or the Disputing Party or other actual or potential conflict of interest. If the parties are unable to agree on an Expert within fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt by the respondent(s) of written notice of a Reconciliation Dispute, the Expert shall be appointed by the International Chamber of Commerce Centre for Expertise. The Expert shall resolve (a) any matter relating to the Exchange Schedule or an amendment thereto or the Early Termination Schedule or an amendment thereto within thirty (30) calendar days, (b) any matter relating to a Tax Benefit Schedule or an amendment thereto within fifteen (15) calendar days , and (c) any matter related to treatment of any tax-related item as contemplated in Section  6.2 within fifteen (15) calendar days, or, in each case, as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable after such matter has been submitted to the Expert for resolution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the matter is not resolved before any payment that is the subject of a disagreement would be due (in the absence of such disagreement) or any Tax Return reflecting the subject of a disagreement is due, any portion of such payment that is not under dispute shall be paid on the date prescribed by this Agreement and such Tax Return may be filed as prepared by the Corporate Taxpayer, subject to adjustment or amendment upon resolution. The costs and expenses relating to the engagement of such Expert or amending any Tax Return shall be borne by the Corporate Taxpayer except as provided in the next sentence. The Corporate Taxpayer and the Disputing Party shall each bear its own costs and expenses of such proceeding, unless (i) the Expert adopts such Disputing Party’s position, in which case the Corporate Taxpayer shall reimburse such Disputing Party for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding, or (ii) the Expert adopts the Corporate Taxpayer’s position, in which case such Disputing Party shall reimburse the Corporate Taxpayer for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding. Any dispute as to whether a dispute is a Reconciliation Dispute within the meaning of this Section  7.9 shall be decided by the Expert. The Expert shall finally determine any Reconciliation Dispute and the determinations of the Expert pursuant to this Section  7.9 shall be binding on the Corporate Taxpayer and its Subsidiaries and the Disputing Party and may be entered and enforced in any court having jurisdiction.

Section 7.10 Consent to Jurisdiction . Each party hereto irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the State of Delaware and the state courts of the State of Delaware for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby. Each party hereto further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by United States certified or registered mail (in each such case, prepaid return receipt requested) to such party’s respective address set forth in the Company’s books and records or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party shall be effective service of process in any action, suit or proceeding in Delaware with respect to any matters to which it has submitted to jurisdiction as set forth above in the immediately preceding sentence. Each party hereto irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying

 

19


of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware or the state courts of the State of Delaware and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

Section 7.11 Waiver of Jury Trial . BECAUSE DISPUTES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH COMPLEX TRANSACTIONS ARE MOST QUICKLY AND ECONOMICALLY RESOLVED BY AN EXPERIENCED AND EXPERT PERSON AND THE PARTIES WISH APPLICABLE STATE AND FEDERAL LAWS TO APPLY (RATHER THAN ARBITRATION RULES), THE PARTIES DESIRE THAT THEIR DISPUTES BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE APPLYING SUCH APPLICABLE LAWS. THEREFORE, TO ACHIEVE THE BEST COMBINATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND OF ARBITRATION, EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING THE COMPANY) HEREBY WAIVES ALL RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN OR AMONG ANY OF THE PARTIES HERETO, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF, CONNECTED WITH, RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND/OR THE RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED AMONG THE PARTIES HEREUNDER.

Section 7.12 Withholding . The Corporate Taxpayer shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any payment payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as the Corporate Taxpayer is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. Tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority by the Corporate Taxpayer, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the relevant TRA Holder.

Section 7.13 Admission of the Corporate Taxpayer into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets .

(a) If the Corporate Taxpayer becomes a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined, or unitary group of corporations that files a consolidated, combined, or unitary income Tax Return pursuant to Sections 1501 et seq. of the Code or any corresponding provisions of U.S. state or local Tax law, or would be eligible to become a member of such a group at the election of one or members of that group, then, subject to the application of the Valuation Assumptions upon a Change of Control: (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall be applied with respect to the group as a whole; and (ii) Tax Benefit Payments, Early Termination Payments and other applicable items hereunder shall be computed with reference to the consolidated taxable income of the group as a whole.

(b) If any entity that is obligated to make a Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment hereunder transfers one or more assets to a corporation (or a Person classified as a corporation for Tax purposes) with which such entity does not file a consolidated Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code or any provisions of state or local Tax law, such entity, for purposes of calculating the amount of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early

 

20


Termination Payment (e.g., calculating the gross income of the entity and determining the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment of such entity) due hereunder, shall be treated as having disposed of such asset in a fully taxable transaction on the date of such contribution. The consideration deemed to be received by such entity shall be equal to the fair market value of the contributed asset. Thus, for example, in determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the entity, the taxable income of the entity shall be determined by treating the entity as having sold the asset for its fair market value, recovering any basis applicable to such asset (using the Tax basis that such asset would have had at such time if no Basis Adjustments had been made), while the Actual Tax Liability of the entity would be determined by recovering the actual Tax basis of the asset that reflects any Basis Adjustments. For purposes of this Section  7.13 , a transfer of a partnership interest shall be treated as a transfer of the transferring partner’s share of each of the assets and liabilities of that partnership. If any entity that is obligated to make a Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment hereunder transfers one or more assets to a partnership (or a Person classified as a partnership for Tax purposes), the principles of this Section 7.13(b) and this Agreement shall govern the treatment of such transfer and any subsequent allocations of income, gain, loss or deductions from such partnership to such entity.

Section 7.14 Confidentiality .

(a) The Agent, each TRA Holder and each of the TRA Holder’s assignees acknowledges and agrees that the information of the Corporate Taxpayer is confidential and, except in the course of performing any duties as necessary for the Corporate Taxpayer and its Affiliates, as required by law or legal process or to enforce the terms of this Agreement, such person shall keep and retain in the strictest confidence and not disclose to any Person any confidential matters, acquired pursuant to this Agreement, of the Corporate Taxpayer and its Affiliates and successors, concerning the Company and its Affiliates and successors or the TRA Holders, learned by the Agent or any TRA Holder heretofore or hereafter. This Section  7.14 shall not apply to (i) any information that has been made publicly available by the Corporate Taxpayer or any of its Affiliates, becomes public knowledge (except as a result of an act of the Agent or a TRA Holder in violation of this Agreement) or is generally known to the business community and (ii) the disclosure of information (A) as may be proper in the course of performing such TRA Holder’s obligations, or monitoring or enforcing such TRA Holder’s rights, under this Agreement, (B) as part of such TRA Holder’s normal reporting, rating or review procedure (including normal credit rating and pricing process), or in connection with such TRA Holder’s or such TRA Holder’s Affiliates’ normal fund raising, marketing, informational or reporting activities, or to such TRA Holder’s (or any of its Affiliates’) Affiliates, auditors, accountants, attorneys or other agents, (C) to any bona fide prospective assignee of such TRA Holder’s rights under this Agreement, or prospective merger or other business combination partner of such TRA Holder, provided that such assignee or merger partner agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Section  7.14 , (D) as is required to be disclosed by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, administrative body or governmental body, or by subpoena, summons or legal process, or by law, rule or regulation; provided that any TRA Holder required to make any such disclosure to the extent legally permissible shall provide the Corporate Taxpayer prompt notice of such disclosure, or to regulatory authorities or similar examiners conducting regulatory reviews or examinations (without any such notice to the Corporate Taxpayer), or (E) to the extent necessary for a TRA Holder to prepare and file its Tax Returns, to respond to any inquiries regarding such Tax Returns from any Taxing Authority or to prosecute or defend any Tax Proceeding with

 

21


respect to such Tax Returns. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Agent (and each employee, representative or other agent of Agent or its assignees, as applicable) and each TRA Holder and each of its assignees (and each employee, representative or other agent of such TRA Holder or its assignees, as applicable) may disclose to any and all Persons, without limitation of any kind, the Tax treatment and Tax structure of the Corporate Taxpayer, Carvana Co. Sub, the Company, the Agent, the TRA Holders and their Affiliates, and any of their transactions, and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other Tax analyses) that are provided to the Agent or the TRA Holder relating to such Tax treatment and Tax structure.

(b) If the Agent or an assignee or a TRA Holder or an assignee commits a breach, or threatens to commit a breach, of any of the provisions of this Section  7.14 , the Corporate Taxpayer shall have the right and remedy to have the provisions of this Section  7.14 specifically enforced by injunctive relief or otherwise by any court of competent jurisdiction without the need to post any bond or other security, it being acknowledged and agreed that any such breach or threatened breach shall cause irreparable injury to the Corporate Taxpayer or any of its Subsidiaries or the TRA Holders and the accounts and funds managed by the Corporate Taxpayer and that money damages alone shall not provide an adequate remedy to such Persons. Such rights and remedies shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available at law or in equity.

Section 7.15 No Similar Agreements . Neither the Corporate Taxpayer nor any of its Subsidiaries shall enter into any additional agreement providing rights similar to this Agreement to any Person (including any agreement pursuant to which the Corporate Taxpayer is obligated to pay amounts with respect to tax benefits resulting from any net operating losses or other tax attributes to which the Corporate Taxpayer becomes entitled as a result of a transaction) without the prior written consent of the TRA Holders who would be entitled to receive more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate amount of the Early Termination Payments payable to all TRA Holders hereunder if the Corporate Taxpayer had exercised its right of early termination on the date of the most recent Exchange (excluding, for purposes of this sentence, all payments made to any TRA Holder pursuant to this Agreement since the date of such most recent Exchange).

Section 7.16 Change in Law . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, in connection with an actual or proposed change in law, a TRA Holder reasonably believes that the existence of this Agreement could cause income (other than income arising from receipt of a payment under this Agreement) recognized by such TRA Holder upon any Exchange to be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain (or otherwise taxed at ordinary income rates) for U.S. federal income and all applicable state and local Tax purposes or would have other material adverse Tax consequences to the TRA Holder and/or its direct or indirect owners, then at the election of the TRA Holder and to the extent specified by the TRA Holder, this Agreement (i) shall cease to have further effect with respect to such TRA Holder, (ii) shall not apply to an Exchange by the TRA Holder occurring after a date specified by it, or (iii) shall otherwise be amended in a manner determined by the TRA Holder to waive any benefits to which such TRA Holder would otherwise be entitled under this Agreement, provided that such amendment shall not result in an increase in or acceleration of payments under this Agreement at any time as compared to the amounts and times of payments that would have been due in the absence of such amendment.

 

22


[Signature Pages Follow]

 

23


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporate Taxpayer, the Company, the Agent, and the TRA Holders have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

CORPORATE TAXPAYER:
CARVANA CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name: Paul Breaux
Title: Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
COMPANY:
CARVANA GROUP, LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name: Paul Breaux
Title: Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
AGENT:
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia, II

Name: Ernest C. Garcia, II

[The signatures of the TRA Holders are attached in Schedule A. ]

Signature Page to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
CAO INVESTMENTS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Javier Aldrete

Name: Javier Aldrete
Title: Secretary

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
DRIVETIME CAR SALES AND FINANCE COMPANY, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kurt Wood

Name:   Kurt Wood
Its:   CFO

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
ERNEST C. GARCIA II
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
ERNEST C. GARCIA III
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia III

  Ernest C. Garcia III

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
ERNEST IRREVOCABLE 2004 TRUST III
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
ERNEST GARCIA III MULTI-GENERATIONAL TRUST III
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
2014 FIDEL FAMILY TRUST DATED JUNE 16, 2014
By:  

/s/ Kathryn L. Fidel

Name:   Kathryn L. Fidel
Its:   Trustee

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


CVAN HOLDING, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kelly Van Meter

Name:   Kelly Van Meter
Its:   Vice President

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
GV AUTO I, LLC
By:   Georgiana Ventures, LLC
Its:   Manager
By:  

/s/ Ira J. Platt

Name:   Ira J. Platt
Its:   Manager

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ John O’Dell

Name:   John O’Dell

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Adrienne Sanford

Name:   Adrienne Sanford

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Alex Devkar

Name:   Alex Devkar

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Benjamin Huston

Name:   Benjamin Huston

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Bobby Borszich

Name:   Bobby Borszich

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Bret Sassenberg

Name:   Bret Sassenberg

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Brian Henze

Name:   Brian Henze

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Carl Bailey

Name:   Carl Bailey

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Cem Vardar

Name:   Cem Vardar

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Chris Aylward

Name:   Chris Aylward

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Chris Santone

Name:   Chris Santone

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Christina Keiser

Name:   Christina Keiser

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Christopher Olson

Name:   Christopher Olson

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Dan Gill

Name:   Dan Gill

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ David Fye

Name:   David Fye

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ David Ledford

Name:   David Ledford

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Don Webster

Name:   Don Webster

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Ellen Williams

Name:   Ellen Williams

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Eric Blatz

Name:   Eric Blatz

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Glenn Kees

Name:   Glenn Kees

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Imran Kazi

Name:   Imran Kazi

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Ira Platt

Name:   Ira Platt

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jared Foster

Name:   Jared Foster

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jason Scott

Name:   Jason Scott

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jason Tucker

Name:   Jason Tucker

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jeff McLellan

Name:   Jeff McLellan

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jennifer M Stanford

Name:   Jennifer M Stanford

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jessica Querin

Name:   Jessica Querin

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jim Naylor

Name:   Jim Naylor

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ John Mckeon

Name:   John Mckeon

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ John Piatak

Name:   John Piatak

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jon Seitel

Name:   Jon Seitel

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Jonathon McCutcheon

Name:   Jonathon McCutcheon

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Joshua Roger Dollison

Name:   Joshua Roger Dollison

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Justin Graham

Name:   Justin Graham

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Keith Dunlap

Name:   Keith Dunlap

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Kevin Coyle

Name:   Kevin Coyle

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Leonid Epshtein

Name:   Leonid Epshtein

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Mark Jenkins

Name:   Mark Jenkins

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Matthew Dundas

Name:   Matthew Dundas

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Michael Grantham

Name:   Michael Grantham

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Mike McKeever

Name:   Mike McKeever

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Michael Rennie Jr.

Name:   Michael Rennie Jr.

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Milton Moskowitz

Name:   Milton Moskowitz

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Nate Fuller

Name:   Nate Fuller

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Nemanja Samailovic

Name:   Nemanja Samailovic

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Paul Curry

Name:   Paul Curry

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Paul Keister

Name:   Paul Keister

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Richard Ball

Name:   Richard Ball

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Ryan Blatz

Name:   Ryan Blatz

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Ryan Keeton

Name:   Ryan Keeton

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Scott Wood

Name:   Scott Wood

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Sean Dupre

Name:   Sean Dupre

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Sidney Bridges

Name:   Sidney Bridges

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Stella WenxingLiu

Name:   Stella WenxingLiu

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Suhail Bayot

Name:   Suhail Bayot

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Teresa Aragon

Name:   Teresa Aragon

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Will Adams

Name:   Will Adams

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement


TRA HOLDER:
By:  

/s/ Zachary Huber

Name:   Zachary Huber

Schedule A to Tax Receivable Agreement

Exhibit 10.2

 

 

 

 

Carvana Group, LLC

 

 

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

Dated as of April 27, 2017

THE UNITS ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER ANY OTHER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS. SUCH UNITS MAY NOT BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF AT ANY TIME WITHOUT EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER SUCH ACT AND LAWS OR AN EXEMPTION THEREFROM, AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY SET FORTH HEREIN.

CERTAIN UNITS MAY ALSO SUBJECT TO VESTING PROVISIONS, REPURCHASE OPTIONS, REDEMPTION RIGHTS, ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER, OFFSET RIGHTS AND FORFEITURE PROVISIONS SET FORTH HEREIN AND/OR IN A SEPARATE AGREEMENT WITH THE INITIAL HOLDER OF SUCH UNITS. A COPY OF SUCH AGREEMENT MAY BE OBTAINED BY THE HOLDER OF SUCH UNITS UPON WRITTEN REQUEST TO THE COMPANY AND WITHOUT CHARGE.

 

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS

     2  

ARTICLE II ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

     10  

Section 2.1

  Formation of LLC      10  

Section 2.2

  Limited Liability Company Agreement      10  

Section 2.3

  Name      11  

Section 2.4

  Purpose      11  

Section 2.5

  Principal Office; Registered Office      11  

Section 2.6

  Term      11  

Section 2.7

  No State-Law Partnership      11  

ARTICLE III UNITS, CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS

     12  

Section 3.1

  Common Units; Capitalization      12  

Section 3.2

  Authorization and Issuance of Additional Common Units      13  

Section 3.3

  Repurchase or Redemption of Class A Common Stock      16  

Section 3.4

  Changes in Common Stock      16  

Section 3.5

  Class B Common Units      16  

Section 3.6

  Capital Accounts      18  

Section 3.7

  Negative Capital Accounts; No Interest Regarding Positive Capital Accounts      19  

Section 3.8

  No Withdrawal      19  

Section 3.9

  Loans From Unitholders      19  

Section 3.10

  Adjustments to Capital Accounts for Distributions In-Kind      20  

Section 3.11

  Transfer of Capital Accounts      20  

Section 3.12

  Adjustments to Book Value      20  

Section 3.13

  Compliance With Section 1.704-1(b)      20  

ARTICLE IV DISTRIBUTIONS AND ALLOCATIONS

     21  

Section 4.1

  Distributions      21  

Section 4.2

  Allocations      22  

Section 4.3

  Special Allocations      22  

Section 4.4

  Offsetting Allocations      24  

Section 4.5

  Tax Allocations      24  

Section 4.6

  Indemnification and Reimbursement for Payments on Behalf of a Unitholder      25  

ARTICLE V MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF BUSINESS

     25  

Section 5.1

  Management      25  

Section 5.2

  Investment Company Act      26  

Section 5.3

  Officers      26  

Section 5.4

  Competition and Corporate Opportunities      27  

Section 5.5

  Fiduciary Duties      28  

Section 5.6

  Confidentiality      29  

 

i


ARTICLE VI EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION

     31  

Section 6.1

  Exculpation      31  

Section 6.2

  Indemnification      32  

Section 6.3

  Expenses      32  

Section 6.4

  Non-Exclusivity; Savings Clause      32  

Section 6.5

  Insurance      33  

ARTICLE VII ACCOUNTING AND RECORDS; TAX MATTERS

     33  

Section 7.1

  Accounting and Records      33  

Section 7.2

  Preparation of Tax Returns      33  

Section 7.3

  Tax Elections      33  

Section 7.4

  Tax Controversies      33  

Section 7.5

  Code §83 Safe Harbor Election      34  

ARTICLE VIII TRANSFER OF UNITS; ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS

     36  

Section 8.1

  Transfer of Common Units      36  

Section 8.2

  Transfer of Carvana Co. Sub’s Interest      36  

Section 8.3

  Recognition of Transfer; Substituted and Additional Members      36  

Section 8.4

  Expense of Transfer; Indemnification      38  

Section 8.5

  Exchange Agreement      38  

Section 8.6

  Change of Control Transactions      38  

Section 8.7

  Divorce/Separation of Unitholder      38  

ARTICLE IX WITHDRAWAL AND RESIGNATION OF UNITHOLDERS

     39  

Section 9.1

  Withdrawal and Resignation of Unitholders      39  

ARTICLE X DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

     40  

Section 10.1

  Dissolution      40  

Section 10.2

  Liquidation and Termination      40  

Section 10.3

  Securityholders Agreement      41  

Section 10.4

  Cancellation of Certificate      41  

Section 10.5

  Reasonable Time for Winding Up      41  

Section 10.6

  Return of Capital      41  

Section 10.7

  Hart-Scott-Rodino      41  

ARTICLE XI GENERAL PROVISIONS

     42  

Section 11.1

  Power of Attorney      42  

Section 11.2

  Amendments      42  

Section 11.3

  Title to the Company Assets      42  

Section 11.4

  Remedies      43  

Section 11.5

  Successors and Assigns      43  

Section 11.6

  Severability      43  

Section 11.7

  Counterparts; Binding Agreement      43  

Section 11.8

  Descriptive Headings; Interpretation      43  

Section 11.9

  Applicable Law      44  

Section 11.10

  Addresses and Notices      44  

Section 11.11

  Creditors      44  

 

ii


Section 11.12

  No Waiver      44  

Section 11.13

  Further Action      44  

Section 11.14

  Offset Against Amounts Payable      45  

Section 11.15

  Entire Agreement      45  

Section 11.16

  Delivery by Electronic Means      45  

Section 11.17

  Certain Acknowledgments      45  

Section 11.18

  Consent to Jurisdiction; WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY      46  

Section 11.19

  Representations and Warranties      46  

Section 11.20

  Tax Receivable Agreement      47  

 

iii


CARVANA GROUP, LLC

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

THIS FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT of Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), is entered into as of April 27, 2017, by and among the Company, Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Carvana Co. Sub ”), its Members and Unitholders, and, solely for purposes of Section 3.1(d) , Section  3.2 and Section  8.6 below and not as a Member, Unitholder or manager, Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (“ Carvana Co. ”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Article I .

WHEREAS, the Company was initially formed as a limited liability company in accordance with the Arizona Limited Liability Company Act;

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Arizona Limited Liability Company Act, the Company’s original operating agreement and the Delaware Act, the Company was re-domiciled in the state of Delaware;

WHEREAS, in connection with the admission of GV Auto I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as a Member, the Company’s board of Managers and certain other Members, in accordance with Section  16.2 of the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement, amended and restated the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement in its entirety pursuant to that certain Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of July 12, 2016 (the “ Third A&R Agreement ”);

WHEREAS, Carvana Co. Sub, which has elected to be taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Carvana Co.;

WHEREAS, in connection with the initial public offering (the “ IPO ”) of Class A Common Stock (as defined below) of Carvana Co., which is a Qualified Public Offering as such term was defined in the Third A&R Agreement, (i) all of the issued and outstanding Class C Preferred Units automatically converted into Class A Common Units pursuant to Section 5.1(b) of the Third A&R Agreement, (ii) each Investor Member will be issued 0.8 shares of Class B Common Stock (as defined below) for each Class A Common Unit held by such Investor Member, (iii) Carvana Co. Sub will be admitted as a Member of the Company and will purchase Units in the Company with the proceeds of the IPO as contemplated by clause ( v)  of Section 11.1(b) of the Third A&R Agreement, (iv) Carvana Co. Sub, the Company and the other parties thereto will enter into an Exchange Agreement (as defined below), pursuant to which Members (other than Carvana Co. Sub) will be permitted to exchange Common Units (together with the corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock, to the extent such Member holds Class B Common Stock) for Class A Common Stock or the Cash Payment (as defined therein), (v) Carvana Co. will cause Carvana Co. Sub to contribute a portion of the net proceeds of the IPO to the Company in exchange for newly-issued Class A Common Units and for other purposes and (vi) Carvana Co., the Company and certain other parties will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement (as defined below), pursuant to which Carvana Co. will be obligated to make payments to certain parties related to tax benefits realized ( clauses (ii)  through (vi) , collectively, the “ IPO Transactions ”); and

 

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WHEREAS, as contemplated by Section 11.1(b) of the Third A&R Agreement, the parties desire to amend and restate the Third A&R Agreement as set forth herein to give effect to the IPO Transactions and reflect the admission of Carvana Co. Sub as a Member and the sole manager of the Company.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Members, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the following meaning:

Additional Member ” means a Person admitted to the Company as a Member pursuant to Section  8.3 .

Adjusted Capital Account Deficit ” means, with respect to any Capital Account as of the end of any Taxable Year, the amount by which the balance in such Capital Account is less than zero. For this purpose, such Person’s Capital Account balance shall be (i) reduced for any items described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5), and (6), and (ii)    increased for any amount such Person is obligated to contribute or is treated as being obligated to contribute to the Company pursuant to Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c) (relating to partner liabilities to a partnership) or 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i) (relating to Minimum Gain).

Affiliate ” of any Person means any other Person controlled by, controlling or under common control with such Person, and in the case of any Unitholder that is a partnership, limited liability company, corporation or similar entity, any partner, member or stockholder of such Unitholder; provided , that the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be deemed to be Affiliates of any Unitholder. As used in this definition, “control” (including, with its correlative meanings, “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) shall mean possession, directly or indirectly, of power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies (whether through ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise). With respect to any Person who is an individual, “Affiliates” shall also include, without limitation, any member of such individual’s Family Group.

Agreement ” means this Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, as it may be amended, modified and/or waived from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof.

 

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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation ” means the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated on or about the date hereof, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Applicable Tax Rate ” means, for any calendar year, a percentage determined by the Manager to be the sum of the highest marginal federal, state, and local income tax rates that would be applicable to any Unitholder (or its partners or members, as applicable) assuming such Unitholder was residing in New York, New York (whether such Unitholder was a corporation or individual taxpayer) based on the information available to it (taking into account the character of the Company’s income and the deductibility of state and local taxes for federal income tax purposes).

Base Rate ” means, as of any date, a variable rate per annum equal to the rate of interest most recently published by The Wall Street Journal as the “prime rate” at large U.S. money center banks.

Book Value ” means, with respect to any the Company property, the Company’s adjusted basis for federal income Tax purposes, adjusted from time to time to reflect the adjustments required or permitted (in the case of permitted adjustments, to the extent the Company makes such permitted adjustments) by Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(d)-(g).

Business ” means the business carried on by the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries from time to time, and which shall include the business of the online sale and delivery of automobiles and other products, services and all other activities conducted by the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries which are ancillary to the online sale and delivery of automobiles.

Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which the banks in New York, New York or Phoenix, Arizona are authorized by law to be closed.

Capital Account ” means the capital account maintained for a Member pursuant to Section  3.6 and the other applicable provisions of this Agreement.

Capital Contributions ” means any cash, cash equivalents, promissory obligations or the Fair Market Value of other property which a Unitholder contributes or is deemed by the Manager to have contributed to the Company with respect to any Unit pursuant to Section  3.1 or Section  3.11 .

Carvana Co .” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Carvana Co. Sub ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Cash Payment ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Certificate ” means the Company’s Certificate of Formation as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware, as the same may be amended from time to time.

 

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Class  A Common Stock ” means the class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Carvana Co.

Class  A Common Unit ” means a Unit having the rights and obligations specified with respect to a Class A Common Unit in this Agreement; provided , that a Class A Common Unit shall not have any voting rights under this Agreement or the Delaware Act.

Class  A Common Stock Value ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Class  B Common Stock ” means the class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Carvana Co.

Class  B Common Unit ” means a Unit having the rights and obligations specified with respect to a Class B Common Unit in this Agreement; provided , that a Class B Common Unit shall not have any voting rights under this Agreement or the Delaware Act.

Class  C Preferred Units ” has the meaning set forth in the Third A&R Agreement.

Code ” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Such term, if elected by the Manager in its sole discretion, shall be deemed to include any future amendments to the Code and any corresponding provisions of succeeding Code provisions (whether or not such amendments and corresponding provisions are mandatory or discretionary).

Common Units ” means the Class A Common Units and the Class B Common Units.

Company ” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Confidential Information ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.6(a) .

Delaware Act ” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. L. § 18-101, et seq., as it may be amended from time to time, and any successor thereto.

DGCL ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.5(a) .

Dissolution Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.7(a) .

Distribution ” means each distribution made by the Company to a Unitholder, with respect to such Person’s Units, whether in cash, property or securities and whether by liquidating distribution, redemption, repurchase or otherwise; provided that notwithstanding anything in the foregoing, none of the following shall be deemed to be a Distribution hereunder: (x)any redemption or repurchase by the Company of any securities of the Company in connection with the termination of employment of an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any service provider of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any recapitalization, exchange or conversion of securities of the Company, and any subdivision (by unit split or otherwise) or any combination (by reverse unit split or otherwise) of any outstanding Units and (iii) any repurchase of Units pursuant to any right of first refusal or similar repurchase right in favor of the Company.

 

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Equity Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(a) .

Equity Securities ” means (i) any Units, capital stock, partnership, membership or limited liability company interests or other equity interests (including other classes, groups or series thereof having such relative rights, powers and/or obligations as may from time to time be established by the Manager, including rights, powers and/or duties different from, senior to or more favorable than existing classes, groups and series of Units, capital stock, partnership, membership or limited liability company interests or other equity interests, and including any profits interests), (ii) obligations, evidences of indebtedness or other securities or interests convertible or exchangeable into Units, capital stock, partnership interests, membership or limited liability company interests or other equity interests, and (iii) warrants, options or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire Units, capital stock, partnership interests, membership or limited liability company interests or other equity interests. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the term “Equity Securities” refers to Equity Securities of the Company.

Event of Withdrawal ” means the death, retirement, resignation, expulsion, bankruptcy or dissolution of a Member or the occurrence of any other event that terminates the continued membership of a Member in the Company.

Exchange ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Exchange Agreement ” means the Exchange Agreement dated as of the date hereof among Carvana Co. Sub, the Company and the other parties thereto, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Exchange Rate ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Exchangeable Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Fair Market Value ” means, as of any date of determination, (i) with respect to a Unit, such Unit’s Pro Rata Share as of such date, (ii) with respect to a share of Class A Common Stock, the Class A Common Stock Value as of such date, and (iii) with respect to any other non- cash assets, the fair market value for such property as between a willing buyer under no compulsion to buy and a willing seller under no compulsion to sell in an arm’s-length transaction occurring on such date, taking into account all relevant factors determinative of value (including in the case of securities, any restrictions on transfer applicable thereto or, if such securities are traded on a securities exchange or automated or electronic quotation system, the quoted price for such securities as of the date of determination), as reasonably determined in good faith by the Manager.

Family Group ” means, with respect to a Person who is an individual, (i) such individual’s spouse and descendants (whether natural or adopted) (collectively, for purposes of this definition, “ relatives ”), (ii) such individual’s executor or personal representative, (iii) any trust, the trustee of which is such individual or such individual’s executor or personal representative and which at all times is and remains solely for the benefit of such individual

 

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and/or such individual’s relatives, (iv) any corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company or other tax flow-through entity the governing instruments of which provide that such individual or such individual’s executor or personal representative shall have the exclusive, nontransferable power to direct the management and policies of such entity and of which the sole record and beneficial owners of stock, partnership interests, membership interests or any other equity interests are limited to such individual, such individual’s relatives and/or the trusts described in clause (iii) above, and (v) any retirement plan for such individual.

Fiscal Period ” means any interim accounting period within a Taxable Year established by the Manager and which is permitted or required by Code Section 706.

Fiscal Quarter ” means each calendar quarter ending March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, or such other quarterly accounting period as may be established by the Manager or as required by the Code.

Fiscal Year ” means the 12-month period ending on December 31, or such other annual accounting period as may be established by the Manager or as may be required by the Code.

Forfeiture Allocations ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.2 .

Former Spouse ” has the meaning set forth in Section  8.7 .

Former Spouse’s Units ” has the meaning set forth in Section  8.7 .

Governmental Entity ” means the United States of America or any other nation, any state or other political subdivision thereof, or any entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of government.

Grossed-Up Amount ” means, with respect to any Distribution pursuant to Section 4.1(b) , the sum of (i) the amount of the Distribution pursuant to Section 4.1(b) , and (y) the sum of the Participation Thresholds of all Participating Class B Common Units.

HSR Act ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.7 .

Indemnitee ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(b) .

Investment Company Act ” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.

Investor Member ” means any Member holding Class A Common Units other than Carvana Co. Sub.

IRS Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  7.5 .

Liquidation Assets ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b) .

Liquidation FMV ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b) .

 

6


Liquidation Statement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b) .

Losses ” means items of the Company loss and deduction determined according to Section  3.6 .

Management Investors ” means the holders of Class B Common Units and any other Member who acquires Equity Securities after the date of this Agreement and/or enters into an Equity Agreement after the date of this Agreement pursuant to the terms of Section 3.2(a) and is designated as a “Management Investor” by the Manager.

Manager ” means (i) Carvana Co. Sub so long as Carvana Co. Sub has not withdrawn as the Manager pursuant to Section 5.1(c) and (ii) any successor thereof appointed as Manager in accordance with Section 5.1(c) . Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to the Manager shall refer to the Manager acting in its capacity as such.

Member ” means each Person listed on the Unit Ownership Ledger and any Person admitted to the Company as a Substituted Member or Additional Member in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; but in each case only for so long as such Person is shown on the Company’s books and records as the owner of one or more Units. Carvana Co. shall not be deemed to be a Member.

Minimum Gain ” means the partnership minimum gain determined pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(d).

Net Exchanged Unit Amount ” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Agreement.

Obligations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(b) .

Participating Class  B Common Unit ” means, with respect to any Distribution pursuant to Section 4.1(b) , a Class B Common Unit that has a Participation Threshold that is less than the amount determined by dividing (i) the sum of (A) the amount of such Distribution pursuant to Section 4.1(b) and (B) the Participation Thresholds of all outstanding Class B Common Units that have an equal or lesser Participation Threshold, by (ii) the sum of (A) the number of outstanding Class A Common Units and (B) the number of outstanding Class B Common Units that have an equal or lesser Participation Threshold.

Participating Unit ” means, with respect to any Distribution pursuant to Section 4.1(b) , a Class A Common Unit and/or a Participating Class B Common Unit.

Participation Threshold ” means, with respect to each outstanding Class B Common Unit, an amount determined, and adjusted from time to time, in accordance with Section 3.5(b) .

Partnership Tax Audit Rules ” means Code Sections 6221 through 6241, as amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, together with any guidance issued thereunder or successor provisions and any similar provision of state or local Tax laws.

 

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Permitted Transferee ” means (i) with respect to any Person who is an individual, a member of such Person’s Family Group, (ii) with respect to any Person which is an entity (other than any Person that is a Management Investor), (x) any of such Person’s Affiliates and (z) any direct or indirect partner, member, stockholder or other equityholder of such Person and (iii) solely with respect to Ernest C. Garcia II, in addition to the foregoing, the holder (and any subsequent holder) of the option to purchase certain of the Class C Preferred Units held by Ernest C. Garcia II, as such option may be amended from time to time in accordance with its terms.

Person ” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, association or other entity or a Governmental Entity.

PR ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.4(a) .

Pro Rata Share ” means with respect to each Unit, the proportionate amount such Unit would receive if an amount equal to the Total Equity Value were distributed to all Units in accordance with Section  4.1 , as determined in good faith by the Manager.

Profits ” means items of the Company income and gain determined according to Section 3.6.

Regulatory Allocations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3(e) .

Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement ” means that certain Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of the date of this Agreement, by and among Carvana Co. and certain Members, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable rules and regulations thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules or regulations. Any reference herein to a specific section, rule or regulation of the Securities Act shall be deemed to include any corresponding provisions of future law.

Securities Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and applicable rules and regulations thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules or regulations. Any reference herein to a specific section, rule or regulation of the Securities Exchange Act shall be deemed to include any corresponding provisions of future law.

Separated Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section  8.7 .

Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or business entity of which (i) if a corporation, a majority of the total voting power of shares of stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof, or (ii) if a limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity (other than a corporation), a majority of

 

8


partnership or other similar ownership interests thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof. For purposes hereof and without limitation, a Person or Persons shall be deemed to have a majority ownership interest in a limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity (other than a corporation) if such Person or Persons shall be allocated a majority of limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity gains or losses or shall be or control the manager, managing member, managing director (or a board comprised of any of the foregoing) or general partner of such limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity. For purposes hereof, references to a “Subsidiary” of any Person shall be given effect only at such times that such Person has one or more Subsidiaries, and, unless otherwise indicated, the term “Subsidiary” refers to a Subsidiary of the Company.

Substituted Member ” means a Person that is admitted as a Member to the Company pursuant to Section  8.3 .

Tax ” or “ Taxes ” means any federal, state, local or foreign income, gross receipts, franchise, estimated, alternative minimum, add-on minimum, sales, use, transfer, registration, value added, excise, natural resources, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, windfall profit, environmental, customs, duties, real property, personal property, capital stock, social security, unemployment, disability, payroll, license, employee or other withholding, or other tax, of any kind whatsoever, including any transferee liability and any interest, penalties or additions to tax or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing.

Tax Distribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1(a) .

Tax Matters Partner ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6231 of the Code.

Tax Receivable Agreement ” means the Tax Receivable Agreement dated as of the date hereof, by and among Carvana Co., the Company and the other parties thereto, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Taxable Year ” means the Company’s accounting period for federal income Tax purposes determined pursuant to Section  7.3 .

Total Equity Value ” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate proceeds which would be received by the Unitholders if: (i) the assets of the Company were sold at their fair market value to an independent third-party on arm’s-length terms, with neither the seller nor the buyer being under compulsion to buy or sell such assets; (ii) the Company satisfied and paid in full all of its obligations and liabilities (including all Taxes, costs and expenses incurred in connection with such transaction and any amounts reserved by the Manager with respect to any contingent or other liabilities); and (iii) such net sale proceeds were then distributed in accordance with Section  4.1 , all as determined by the Manager in good faith based upon the Class A Common Stock Value as of such date.

Transaction Documents ” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Exchange Agreement, the Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement and the Tax Receivable Agreement.

 

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Transfer ” has the meaning set forth in Section  8.1 .

Treasury Regulations ” means the income Tax regulations promulgated under the Code and effective as of the date of this Agreement. Such term, if elected by the Manager in its sole discretion, shall be deemed to include any future amendments to such regulations and any corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations (whether or not such amendments and corresponding provisions are mandatory or discretionary).

Unit ” means a limited liability company interest in the Company of a Member or representing a fractional part of the interests in Profits, Losses and Distributions of the Company held by all Members and shall include, without limitation, Class A Common Units and Class B Common Units; provided that any class, group or series of Units issued shall have the relative rights, powers and obligations set forth in this Agreement.

Unit Ownership Ledger ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(a) .

Unitholder ” means any owner of one or more Units as reflected on the Company’s books and records. Carvana Co. shall not be deemed to be a Unitholder.

Unvested Class  B Common Units ” means, with respect to any Class B Common Units that are subject to vesting pursuant to the applicable Equity Agreement pursuant to which they were issued, any Class B Common Units other than Vested Class B Common Units.

Vested Class  B Common Units ” means any Class B Common Units that are not subject to vesting or, with respect to Class B Common Units that are subject to vesting pursuant to the applicable Equity Agreement pursuant to which they were issued, any Class B Common Units that have vested in accordance with the terms of the applicable Equity Agreement pursuant to which they were issued.

ARTICLE II

ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

Section 2.1 Formation of LLC . The Company was formed in the State of Arizona on September 20, 2012 pursuant to the provisions of the Arizona Limited Liability Company Act, and was re-domiciled in the State of Delaware on March 10, 2015, pursuant to the provisions of the Arizona Limited Liability Company Act and the Delaware Act.

Section 2.2 Limited Liability Company Agreement . The Members hereby execute this Agreement for the purpose of amending and restating the Third A&R Agreement and establishing the affairs of the Company and the conduct of its business in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Act. The Members hereby agree that during the term of the Company set forth in Section  2.6 the rights, powers and obligations of the Unitholders with respect to the Company will be determined in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and, except where the Delaware Act provides that such rights, powers and obligations specified in the Delaware Act shall apply “unless otherwise provided in a limited liability company agreement” or words of similar effect and such rights, powers and obligations are set forth in this Agreement, the Delaware Act; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing

 

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and anything else to the contrary, Section 18-210 of the Delaware Act (entitled “ Contractual Appraisal Rights ”) and Section 18-305(a) of the Delaware Act (entitled “ Access to and Confidentiality of Information; Records ”) shall not apply to or be incorporated into this Agreement and each Unitholder hereby expressly waives any and all rights under such Sections of the Delaware Act.

Section 2.3 Name . The name of the Company shall be “Carvana Group, LLC”. The Manager may change the name of the Company at any time and from time to time. Notification of any such name change shall be given to all Unitholders. The Company’s business may be conducted under its name and/or any other name or names deemed advisable by the Manager.

Section 2.4 Purpose . The purpose and business of the Company shall be to manage and direct the business operations and affairs of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to engage in any other lawful acts or activities for which limited liability companies may be organized under the Delaware Act.

Section 2.5 Principal Office; Registered Office . The principal office of the Company shall be located at 4020 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85018, or at such other place inside or outside the state of Delaware as the Manager may from time to time designate, and all business and activities of the Company shall be deemed to have occurred at its principal office. The Company may maintain offices at such other place or places as the Manager deems advisable. The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware shall be the office of the initial registered agent named in the Certificate or such other office (which need not be a place of business of the Company) as the Manager may designate from time to time in the manner provided by applicable law, and the registered agent for service of process on the Company in the State of Delaware at such registered office shall be the registered agent named in the Certificate or such Person or Persons as the Manager may designate from time to time in the manner provided by applicable law.

Section 2.6 Term . The term of the Company commenced upon the filing of the Articles of Organization for the Company with the Arizona Corporation Commission Certificate in accordance with the Arizona Limited Liability Company Act and shall continue in existence until the Company shall be terminated and dissolved in accordance with the provisions of Article X .

Section 2.7 No State-Law Partnership . The Unitholders intend that the Company not be a partnership (including, without limitation, a limited partnership) or joint venture, and that no Unitholder be a partner or joint venturer of any other Unitholder by virtue of this Agreement, for any purposes other than as set forth in the last sentence of this Section  2.7 , and neither this Agreement nor any other document entered into by the Company or any Unitholder relating to the subject matter hereof shall be construed to suggest otherwise. The Unitholders intend that the Company shall be treated as a partnership for federal and, if applicable, state or local income Tax purposes, and that each Unitholder and the Company shall file all Tax returns and shall otherwise take all Tax and financial reporting positions in a manner consistent with such treatment.

 

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ARTICLE III

UNITS, CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS

Section 3.1 Common Units; Capitalization .

(a) Common Units; Capitalization . The total number of authorized Common Units consists of an unlimited number of authorized Common Units. The ownership by a Unitholder of Common Units shall entitle such Member to allocations of Profits and Losses and other items and Distributions of cash and other property as set forth in Article IV hereof.

(b) Unit Ownership Ledger; Capital Contributions . The Manager shall create and maintain a ledger (the “ Unit Ownership Ledger ”) setting forth the name and address of each Unitholder, the number of each class of Units held of record by each such Unitholder, and the amount of the Capital Contribution made with respect to each class of Units and the date of such Capital Contribution. Upon any change in the number or ownership of outstanding Units (whether upon an issuance of Units, a Transfer of Units, a cancellation of Units or otherwise), the Manager shall amend and update the Unit Ownership Ledger. Absent manifest error, the ownership interests recorded on the Unit Ownership Ledger shall be conclusive record of the Units that have been issued and are outstanding. Each Unitholder named in the Unit Ownership Ledger has made (or shall be deemed to have made) Capital Contributions to the Company as set forth in the Unit Ownership Ledger in exchange for the Units specified in the Unit Ownership Ledger. Any reference in this Agreement to the Unit Ownership Ledger shall be deemed a reference to the Unit Ownership Ledger as amended and in effect from time to time.

(c) Certificates; Legends . Common Units shall be issued in uncertificated form; provided that, at the request of any Member, the Manager may cause the Company to issue one or more certificates to any such Member holding Common Units representing in the aggregate the Common Units held by such Member. If any certificate representing Common Units is issued, then such certificate shall bear a legend substantially in the following form:

THIS CERTIFICATE EVIDENCES COMMON UNITS REPRESENTING A MEMBERSHIP INTEREST IN CARVANA GROUP, LLC. THE MEMBERSHIP INTEREST IN CARVANA GROUP, LLC REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR ANY NON-U.S. OR STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE THEREWITH. THE MEMBERSHIP INTEREST IN CARVANA GROUP, LLC REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE IS SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER SET FORTH IN THE FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF CARVANA GROUP, LLC, DATED AS OF APRIL 27, 2017, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH SHALL BE FURNISHED BY THE COMPANY TO THE RECORD HOLDER HEREOF UPON WRITTEN REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE.

 

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To the extent applicable, Unit certificates may also bear a legend in substantially the following form:

THE MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY ALSO BE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN VESTING PROVISIONS, REPURCHASE OPTIONS, REDEMPTION RIGHTS, OFFSET RIGHTS AND FORFEITURE PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN THE FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF CARVANA GROUP, LLC, DATED AS OF APRIL 27, 2017, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, AND/OR A SEPARATE AGREEMENT WITH THE INITIAL HOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH SHALL BE FURNISHED BY THE COMPANY TO THE RECORD HOLDER HEREOF UPON WRITTEN REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE.

(d) Conversion of Class C Preferred Units; Contribution . Contemporaneous with the execution and effectiveness of this Agreement, the Class C Preferred Units that were issued and outstanding and held by the Members immediately prior hereto are hereby converted into an equal number of Class A Common Units. The Class A Common Units and Class B Common Units that were issued and outstanding and held by the Members prior to the date of this Agreement shall remain unchanged. In addition, (i) Carvana Co. shall contribute to Carvana Co. Sub all of the net proceeds received by Carvana Co. with respect to the shares of Class A Common Stock issued and sold in the IPO, (ii) Carvana Co. Sub shall contribute promptly such net proceeds to the Company in exchange for up to 21,562,500 Class A Common Units and be admitted as a Member of the Company; and (iii) Carvana Co. shall issue and deliver to Carvana Co. Sub, and Carvana Co. Sub shall deliver to each Investor Member, 0.8 shares of Class B Common Stock in respect of each Class A Common Unit held by such Member after giving effect to the conversion of Class C Preferred Units described above.

Section 3.2 Authorization and Issuance of Additional Common Units .

(a) The Manager shall have the right to cause the Company to issue and/or create and issue at any time after the date hereof, and for such amount and form of consideration as the Manager may determine, additional Common Units or other Equity Securities of the Company (including creating classes or series thereof having such powers, designations, preferences and rights as may be determined by the Manager). The Manager shall have the power to make such amendments to this Agreement in order to provide for such powers, designations, preferences and rights as the Manager in its discretion deems necessary or appropriate to give effect to such additional authorization or issuance in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.2(a) . In connection with any issuance of Units (whether on or after the date of this Agreement), the Person who acquires such Units shall execute a counterpart to this Agreement accepting and agreeing to be bound by all terms and conditions hereof, and shall enter into such other documents, instruments and agreements to effect such purchase as are required by the Manager (including such documents, instruments and agreements entered into on or prior to the date of this Agreement by the Members, each, an “ Equity Agreement ”).

 

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(b) At any time Carvana Co. issues one or more shares of Class A Common Stock (other than an issuance of the type covered by Section 3.2(d) or an issuance to a holder of Exchangeable Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, as described in Section 3.2(c) ), Carvana Co. shall contribute to Carvana Co. Sub, and shall cause Carvana Co. Sub to promptly contribute to the Company all of the net proceeds (if any) received by Carvana Co. with respect to such share or shares of Class A Common Stock. Upon the contribution by Carvana Co. Sub to the Company of all of such net proceeds so received by Carvana Co., the Manager shall cause the Company to issue a number of Class A Common Units determined based upon the Exchange Rate then in effect, registered in the name of Carvana Co. Sub; provided , however, that if Carvana Co. issues one or more shares of Class A Common Stock, some or all of the net proceeds of which are to be used to fund expenses or other obligations of Carvana Co. Sub for which Carvana Co. Sub would be permitted a Distribution pursuant to Article IV , then neither Carvana Co. nor Carvana Co. Sub shall be required to transfer such net proceeds to the Company which are used or will be used to fund such expenses or obligations; provided further , if Carvana Co. issues any shares of Class A Common Stock in order to purchase or fund the purchase of Units from a Member (other than a Subsidiary of Carvana Co.), then the Company shall not issue any new Class A Common Units registered in the name of Carvana Co. Sub in accordance with Section 3.2(c) and neither Carvana Co. nor Carvana Co. Sub shall be required to transfer such net proceeds to the Company (it being understood that such net proceeds shall instead be contributed by Carvana Co. to Carvana Co. Sub and subsequently transferred by Carvana Co. Sub to such other Member as consideration for such purchase). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 3.2(b) shall not apply to the issuance and distribution to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock of rights to purchase Equity Securities of Carvana Co. under a “poison pill” or similar shareholder’s rights plan (it being understood that (i) upon exchange of Exchangeable Units for Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, such Class A Common Stock would be issued together with any such corresponding right and (ii) in the event such rights to purchase Equity Securities of Carvana Co. are triggered, Carvana Co. will ensure that the holders of Common Units that have not been Exchanged prior to such time will be treated equitably vis-à-vis the holders of Class A Common Stock under such plan).

(c) At any time a holder of Exchangeable Units exchanges such Units for shares of Class A Common Stock or a Cash Payment, the Company shall cancel such Exchangeable Units. Upon the cancellation by the Company of the Exchangeable Units exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock, the Manager shall cause the Company to issue a number of Class A Common Units equal to the Net Exchanged Unit Amount, registered in the name of Carvana Co. Sub in accordance with Section 2.6 of the Exchange Agreement.

(d) At any time Carvana Co. issues one or more shares of Class A Common Stock in connection with an equity incentive program, whether such share or shares are issued upon exercise (including cashless exercise) of an option, settlement of a restricted stock unit, as restricted stock or otherwise, the Manager shall cause the Company to issue a corresponding number of Class A Common Units, registered in the name of Carvana Co. Sub (determined based upon the Exchange Rate then in effect); provided that Carvana Co. shall be required to, or shall be required to cause Carvana Co. Sub to, contribute all (but not less than all) of the net proceeds (if any) received by Carvana Co. from or otherwise in connection with such issuance of one or more shares of Class A Common Stock, including the exercise price of any option exercised, to the Company. If any such shares of Class A Common Stock so issued by Carvana Co. in connection with an equity incentive program are subject to vesting or forfeiture provisions, then the Class A Common Units that are issued by the Company to Carvana Co. Sub

 

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in connection therewith in accordance with the preceding provisions of this Section 3.2(d) shall be subject to vesting or forfeiture on the same basis; if any of such shares of Class A Common Stock vest or are forfeited, then a corresponding number of the Class A Common Units (determined based upon the Exchange Rate then in effect) issued by the Company in accordance with the preceding provisions of this Section 3.2(d) shall automatically vest or be forfeited. Any cash or property held by Carvana Co., Carvana Co. Sub or the Company or on any of such Person’s behalf in respect of dividends paid on restricted shares of Class A Common Stock that fail to vest shall be returned to the Company upon the forfeiture of such restricted shares of Class A Common Stock.

(e) Carvana Co. shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of issuance upon an Exchange, the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock as shall be issuable upon Exchange of all outstanding Common Units and shares of Class B Common Stock, and shall deliver such shares of Class A Common Stock to Carvana Co. Sub as may be necessary to enable Carvana Co. Sub to satisfy its obligations under the Exchange Agreement; provided that nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude Carvana Co. from satisfying its obligations in respect of any such Exchange by delivery of purchased shares of Class A Common Stock (which may or may not be held in the treasury of Carvana Co.). If any shares of Class A Common Stock require registration with or approval of any Governmental Entity under any federal or state law before such shares may be issued upon an Exchange, Carvana Co. shall use reasonable efforts to cause the exchange of such shares of Class A Common Stock to be duly registered or approved, as the case may be. Carvana Co. shall list and use its reasonable efforts to maintain the listing of the Class A Common Stock required to be delivered upon any such Exchange prior to such delivery upon the national securities exchange upon which the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock are listed at the time of such Exchange (it being understood that any such shares may be subject to transfer restrictions under applicable securities laws). Carvana Co. covenants that all shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon an Exchange will, upon issuance, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

(f) For purposes of this Section 3.2 , “ net proceeds ” means gross proceeds to Carvana Co. from the issuance of Class A Common Stock or other securities less all reasonable bona fide out-of-pocket fees and expenses of Carvana Co., the Company and their respective Subsidiaries actually incurred in connection with such issuance.

 

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Section 3.3 Repurchase or Redemption of Class  A Common Stock . If, at any time, any shares of Class A Common Stock are repurchased or redeemed (whether by exercise of a put or call, automatically or by means of another arrangement) by Carvana Co. for cash, then the Manager shall cause the Company, immediately prior to such repurchase or redemption of such shares, to redeem a corresponding number of Common Units held by Carvana Co. Sub (determined based upon the Exchange Rate then in effect), at an aggregate redemption price equal to the aggregate purchase or redemption price of the share or shares of Class A Common Stock being repurchased or redeemed by Carvana Co. (plus any reasonable expenses related thereto) and upon such other terms as are the same for the share or shares of Class A Common Stock being repurchased or redeemed by Carvana Co.

Section 3.4 Changes in Common Stock . In addition to any other adjustments required hereby, any subdivision (by stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock or other capital stock of Carvana Co. shall be accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the Common Units or other Equity Securities, as applicable.

Section 3.5 Class B Common Units .

(a) Grant of Units . The Company may (with the approval of the Manager) issue Class B Common Units to existing or new employees, managers, officers, directors, consultants or other service providers of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to Equity Agreements approved by the Manager, which Equity Agreements shall contain such provisions as the Manager shall determine in its sole discretion, which may include (i) the forfeiture of, or the right of the Company and/or such other Persons as the Manager shall designate to repurchase from each holder thereof, all or any portion of such Class B Common Units issued to such Person in the event such Person ceases to be an employee, officer, manager, director or consultant of, or to perform services for, the Company or its Subsidiaries or upon such other conditions as determined by the Manager and (ii) provisions regarding vesting of such Class B Common Units, including upon the happening of certain events, upon the passage of a specified period of time, upon the fulfillment of certain conditions or upon the achievement by the Company and/or its Subsidiaries of certain performance goals. This Section 3.5(a) , together with the Equity Agreements pursuant to which the Class B Common Units are issued, are intended to qualify as a compensatory benefit plan within the meaning of Rule 701 of the Securities Act and the issuance of Class B Common Units pursuant hereto is intended to qualify for the exemption from registration under the Securities Act provided by Rule 701; provided that the foregoing shall not restrict or limit the Company’s ability to issue any Class B Common Units pursuant to any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act available to the Company. The Company may make the Class B Common Units and any issuance thereof and any applicable Equity Agreement subject to the terms and conditions of any other equity incentive plan consistent with the terms of this Agreement, as may have been adopted by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding anything herein or in any Equity Agreement to the contrary, in connection with any restructuring, merger, refinancing or other strategic transaction, the Company may terminate and cancel without any payment or other consideration with respect thereto any Class B Common Unit that, immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction(s), has a Pro Rata Share equal to $0.00.

 

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(b) Participation Threshold . As of the date of each grant of Class B Common Units, the Manager shall establish an initial “ Participation Threshold ” amount with respect to each Class B Common Unit granted on such date. Unless otherwise determined by the Manager (who shall determine the Participation Threshold in such a manner that newly granted Class B Common Units have a liquidation value of zero in accordance with IRS Revenue Procedure 93- 27 and other authorities), the Participation Threshold with respect to each such Class B Common Unit granted on such date shall be equal to or greater than the amount (as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion) that would be distributed with respect to a Class A Common Unit pursuant to Section 4.1(b) if the Company distributed to the Unitholders an amount equal to the Total Equity Value as of such date in accordance with Section 4.1(b) ; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, in making such calculation prior Tax Distributions shall be treated as if made on such date as part of such hypothetical Distribution. The purchase price of each Class B Common Unit, if any, shall be as determined by the Manager. The Manager may designate a series number for Class B Common Units that have the same Participation Threshold, which Participation Threshold may differ from the Participation Thresholds of other series of Class B Common Units not included in such subset. Each Class B Common Unit’s Participation Threshold shall be adjusted (in the discretion and as determined by the Manager) after the grant of such Class B Common Unit in the following manner:

(i) In the event any Distribution with respect to Class A Common Units is made pursuant to Section 4.1(b) , the Participation Threshold of each Class B Common Unit outstanding at the time of such Distribution shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount that each Class A Common Unit receives in such Distribution (with such reduction occurring immediately after the determination of the portion of such Distribution, if any, that such Class A Common Unit is entitled to receive); provided that, the Participation Threshold of such Class B Common Unit shall not be reduced by (x) such Distribution to the extent that such Class B Common Unit is entitled to receive such Distribution or (y) any Tax Distribution made pursuant to Section 4.1(a) .

(ii) If the Company at any time subdivides (by any Unit split or otherwise) the Common Units into a greater number of Units, the Participation Threshold of each Class B Common Unit outstanding immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced, and if the Company at any time combines (by reverse Unit split or otherwise) the Common Units into a smaller number of Units, the Participation Threshold of each Class B Common Unit outstanding immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately increased.

(iii) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing to the contrary, no adjustment shall be made in connection with (A) any non pro rata redemption or repurchase by the Company or any Unitholder of any Units or (B) any non pro rata Capital Contribution by any Unitholder in exchange for newly issued Units.

(iv) In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure not addressed in Section 3.5(b)(i) or Section 3.5(b)(iii) above, the Manager may (but shall not be obligated to) equitably adjust the Participation Thresholds of the outstanding Class B Common Units to the extent necessary (in the Manager’s good faith judgment) to prevent such capital structure change from changing the economic rights represented by the Class B Common Units in a manner that is disproportionately favorable or unfavorable in relation to the economic rights of other classes of outstanding Common Units.

 

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(c) Adjustments to Unit Ownership Ledger For Participation Thresholds . The Participation Thresholds of each Unitholder’s Class B Common Units shall be set forth on the Unit Ownership Ledger, and the Unit Ownership Ledger shall be amended by the Manager (without the requirement of an approval from any Unitholder) from time to time by the Company as necessary to reflect any adjustments to the Participation Thresholds of outstanding Class B Common Units required pursuant to this Section 3.5 .

(d) Amendments of this Section . Notwithstanding anything in this Section 3.5 to the contrary, the Manager shall have the power to amend the provisions of this Section 3.5 to achieve the economic results intended by this Agreement, including, if applicable, that any Units that are granted to executives of, or other service providers to, the Company in exchange for services provided or to be provided to the Company or any Subsidiary thereof are intended to be profits interests when issued for United States federal income tax purposes.

Section 3.6 Capital Accounts .

(a) Maintenance of Capital Accounts . The Company shall maintain a separate Capital Account for each Unitholder according to the rules of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). For this purpose, the Company may (in the sole discretion of the Manager), upon the occurrence of the events specified in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), increase or decrease the Capital Accounts in accordance with the rules of such regulation and Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g) to reflect a revaluation of the Company property; provided that unless otherwise determined by the Manager, the Company will not increase the Capital Accounts of the Unitholders in connection with any issuance of Class B Common Units. Without limiting the foregoing, each Unitholder’s Capital Account shall be adjusted:

(i) by adding any additional Capital Contributions made by such Unitholder in consideration for the issuance of Units;

(ii) by deducting any amounts paid to such Unitholder in connection with the redemption or other repurchase by the Company of Units;

(iii) by adding any Profits allocated in favor of such Unitholder and subtracting any Losses allocated in favor of such Unitholder; and

(iv) by deducting any distributions paid in cash or other assets to such Unitholder by the Company.

(b) Computation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction Items . For purposes of computing the amount of any item of the Company income, gain, loss or deduction to be allocated pursuant to Article IV and to be reflected in the Capital Accounts, the determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for federal income Tax purposes (including any method of depreciation, cost recovery or amortization used for this purpose); provided that:

 

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(i) the computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall include those items described in Code Section 705(a)(1)(B), Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) and Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), without regard to the fact that such items are not includable in gross income or are not deductible for federal income Tax purposes;

(ii) if the Book Value of any the Company property is adjusted pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e) or (f), the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such property;

(iii) items of income, gain, loss or deduction attributable to the disposition of the Company property having a Book Value that differs from its adjusted basis for Tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the Book Value of such property;

(iv) items of depreciation, amortization and other cost recovery deductions with respect to the Company property having a Book Value that differs from its adjusted basis for Tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the property’s Book Value in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g);

(v) to the extent an adjustment to the adjusted Tax basis of any the Company asset pursuant to Code Sections 732(d), 734(b) or 743(b) is required pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis); and

(vi) this Section 3.6 shall be applied in a manner consistent with the principles of Prop. Reg. Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(d), (f)(1), (h)(2) and (s).

Section 3.7 Negative Capital Accounts; No Interest Regarding Positive Capital Accounts . No Unitholder shall be required to pay to any other Unitholder or the Company any deficit or negative balance which may exist from time to time in such Unitholder’s Capital Account (including upon and after dissolution of the Company). Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, no Unitholder shall be entitled to receive interest from the Company in respect of any positive balance in its Capital Account, and no Unitholder shall be liable to pay interest to the Company or any Unitholder in respect of any negative balance in its Capital Account.

Section 3.8 No Withdrawal . No Person shall be entitled to withdraw any part of such Person’s Capital Contributions or Capital Account or to receive any Distribution from the Company, except as expressly provided herein.

Section 3.9 Loans From Unitholders . Loans by Unitholders to the Company shall not be considered Capital Contributions. If any Unitholder shall loan funds to the Company in excess of the amounts required hereunder to be contributed by such Unitholder to the capital of the Company, the making of such loans shall not result in any increase in the amount of the Capital Account of such Unitholder. The amount of any such loans shall be a debt of the Company to such Unitholder and shall be payable or collectible in accordance with the terms and conditions upon which such loans are made.

 

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Section 3.10 Adjustments to Capital Accounts for Distributions In-Kind . To the extent that the Company distributes property in-kind to the Members, the Company shall be treated as making a distribution equal to the Fair Market Value of such property (as of the date of such distribution) for purposes of Section  4.1 and such property shall be treated as if it were sold for an amount equal to its Fair Market Value and any resulting gain or loss shall be allocated to the Members’ Capital Accounts in accordance with Section  4.2 through Section  4.4 .

Section 3.11 Transfer of Capital Accounts . The original Capital Account established for each Substituted Member shall be in the same amount as the Capital Account of the Member (or portion thereof) to which such Substituted Member succeeds at the time such Substituted Member is admitted to as a Member of the Company. The Capital Account of any Member whose interest in the Company shall be increased or decreased by means of (a) the Transfer to it of all or part of the Units of another Member or (b) the repurchase or forfeiture of Units pursuant to any Equity Agreement shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect such Transfer or repurchase. Any reference in this Agreement to a Capital Contribution of or Distribution to a Member that has succeeded any other Member shall include any Capital Contributions or Distributions previously made by or to the former Member on account of the Units of such former Member Transferred to such Member.

Section 3.12 Adjustments to Book Value . The Company shall adjust the Book Value of its assets to Fair Market Value in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) as of the following times: (a) at the Manager’s discretion in connection with the issuance of Units in the Company or a more than de minimis Capital Contribution to the Company; (b) at the Manager’s discretion in connection with the Distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of the Company’s assets, including money; and (c) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g). Any such increase or decrease in Book Value of an asset shall be allocated as a Profit or Loss to the Capital Accounts of the Members under Section  4.2 (determined immediately prior to the event giving rise to the revaluation).

Section 3.13 Compliance With Section 1.704-1(b) . The provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b), and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Treasury Regulations. In the event the Manager shall determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts are computed in order to comply with such Treasury Regulations, the Manager may make such modification, notwithstanding anything in Section  11.2 to the contrary. The Manager also shall (a) make any adjustments that are necessary or appropriate to maintain equality between the Capital Accounts of the Members and the amount of the Company capital reflected on the Company’s balance sheet, as computed for book purposes, in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(iv)( g ), and (b) make any appropriate modifications in the event unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b).

 

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ARTICLE IV

DISTRIBUTIONS AND ALLOCATIONS

Section 4.1 Distributions .

(a) Tax Distributions . To the extent funds of the Company may be available for distribution by the Company (as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion), with respect to each Fiscal Quarter, the Company shall distribute to each holder of Class A Common Units an amount of cash (a “ Tax Distribution ”) equal to the excess, if any, of (i) (A) the aggregate taxable income of the Company for the Taxable Year to date allocated with respect to the Class A Common Units held (with taxable income reflecting, without limitation, adjustments under Sections 704(c), 734 and 743 of the Code and net of Taxable losses of the Company allocated in respect of prior Fiscal Quarters and not previously taken into account under this clause), multiplied by (B) the Applicable Tax Rate over (ii) the cumulative amount of prior Tax Distributions made pursuant to this Section 4.1(a) with respect to such Class A Common Units for the Taxable Year in question; provided that the amount of Tax Distributions made with respect to the Class A Common Units shall be the same for every Class A Common Unit and shall be equal to the highest amount that any holder of Class A Common Units would otherwise be entitled to receive on a per Unit basis under this Section 4.1. If the Manager determines there are insufficient funds available to pay the Tax Distributions in full, then Tax Distributions shall be made to each holder of Class A Common Units on a pro rata basis, with each Class A Common Unit receiving the same amount on a per Unit basis. Tax Distributions shall be made with respect to each holder of Class B Common Units under the same principles as set forth above for Class A Common Units, except that the amount distributed with respect to each Class B Common Unit shall be based on the amount of taxable income allocated with respect to such Unit, with no requirement that the amounts distributed with respect to each Class B Common Unit be equal to amounts distributed for other Class B Common Units. If the Manager determines there are insufficient funds available to pay Tax Distributions in full, Tax Distributions shall be made to each holder of Class B Common Units on a pro rata basis in proportion to the amount otherwise distributable to such holder with respect to such Class B Common Units. Any cash available for Tax Distributions shall be initially apportioned between (i) the Class A Common Units and (ii) the Class B Common Units in proportion to the aggregate amounts otherwise distributable to each class of Units as Tax Distributions. To the extent that any Unitholders have not received Tax Distributions in full under this Section  4.1 , such unpaid amounts shall carryforward and shall be distributed in future periods as Tax Distributions under this Section. Tax Distributions shall be treated as advances of any amounts Unitholders are entitled to receive pursuant to Section 4.1(b) . For the avoidance of doubt, unless the Manager specifies that a distribution is not a Tax Distribution pursuant to this Section 4.1(a) , each Distribution with respect to a Unit shall be treated as a Tax Distribution.

(b) Other Distributions . Except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.1(a) , the Manager may (but shall not be obligated to) make Distributions at such time, in such amounts and in such form (including in-kind property) as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion, in each case to the holders of Participating Units immediately prior to such Distribution as follows: (A) with respect to each Class A Common Unit, an amount equal to the amount determined by dividing the Grossed-Up Amount by the number of Participating Units

 

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and (B) with respect to each Participating Class B Common Unit, an amount equal to the excess of (I) the amount determined by dividing the Grossed-Up Amount by the number of Participating Units over (II) the Participation Threshold with respect to such Participating Class B Common Unit.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (A) the portion of any Distribution (other than a Tax Distribution) that would otherwise be made with respect to any Unvested Class B Common Unit shall not be distributed with respect to such Unvested Class B Common Unit and shall instead be retained, (B) in the event that such Unvested Class B Common Unit subsequently vests, then all Distributions pursuant to Section 4.1(b) made following the vesting of such Unit shall be made such that, on a cumulative basis, the Distributions with respect to such Unit under such clauses equal the Distributions that would have been made with respect to such Unit under such clauses if it had been a Vested Class B Common Unit beginning on the date of its original issue, and (C) if such Unvested Class B Common Unit is repurchased or forfeited (or otherwise becomes incapable of vesting) then such Unvested Class B Common Unit shall not be entitled to receive or retain any Distributions other than (I) any Tax Distributions that have been made with respect to such Unvested Class B Common Unit and (II) the amount, if any, paid or payable to repurchase such Unvested Class B Common Unit.

Section 4.2 Allocations . Profits or Losses for any Fiscal Year shall be allocated among the Unitholders in such a manner as to reduce or eliminate, to the extent possible, any difference, as of the end of such Fiscal Year, between (a) the sum of (i) the Capital Account of each Unitholder, (ii) such Unitholder’s share of Minimum Gain (as determined according to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(g)) and (iii) such Unitholder’s partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(2)) and (b) the respective net amounts, positive or negative, which would be distributed to them or for which they would be liable to the Company under this Agreement and the Delaware Act, determined as if the Company were to (i) liquidate the assets of the Company for an amount equal to their Book Value and (ii) distribute the proceeds of such liquidation pursuant to Section 10.2 . For purposes of allocating Profits and Losses pursuant to this Section 4.2 , (and Section 4.3 and Section 4.4 , to the extent applicable), all outstanding Class B Common Units shall be treated as vested; provided that, in the event that a Unitholder’s Unvested Class B Common Units are forfeited or repurchased, Forfeiture Allocations as described in Section 4.3(f) may, in the discretion of the Manager, be made.

Section 4.3 Special Allocations .

(a) Minimum Gain Chargeback . Losses attributable to partner nonrecourse debt (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(4)) shall be allocated in the manner required by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i). If there is a net decrease during a Taxable Year in partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain (as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(2)), Profits for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, for subsequent Taxable Years) shall be allocated to the Unitholders in the amounts and of such character as determined according to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4).

 

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(b) Unitholder Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Chargeback . Nonrecourse deductions (as determined according to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(1)) for any Taxable Year shall be allocated to each holder of Class A Common Units ratably among such Unitholders based upon their ownership of Class A Common Units. Except as otherwise provided in Section 4.3(a) , if there is a net decrease in the Minimum Gain during any Taxable Year, each Unitholder shall be allocated Profits for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, for subsequent Taxable Years) in the amounts and of such character as determined according to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f). This Section 4.3(b) is intended to be a Minimum Gain chargeback provision that complies with the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f), and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.

(c) Qualified Income Offset . If any Unitholder that unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6) has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as of the end of any Taxable Year, computed after the application of Section 4.3(a) and Section 4.3(b) , but before the application of any other provision of this Article IV , then Profits for such Taxable Year shall be allocated to such Unitholder in proportion to, and to the extent of, such Adjusted Capital Account Deficit. This Section 4.3(c) is intended to be a qualified income offset provision as described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.

(d) Allocation of Certain Profits and Losses . Profits and Losses described in Section 3.6(b)(v) shall be allocated in a manner consistent with the manner that the adjustments to the Capital Accounts are required to be made pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(j), (k) and (m).

(e) Regulatory Allocations . The allocations set forth in Sections 4.3(a)-(d) (the “ Regulatory Allocations ”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 of the Treasury Regulations. The Regulatory Allocations may not be consistent with the manner in which the Unitholders intend to allocate Profit and Loss of the Company or make the Company distributions. Accordingly, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article IV , but subject to the Regulatory Allocations, income, gain, deduction, and loss shall be reallocated among the Unitholders so as to eliminate the effect of the Regulatory Allocations and thereby cause the respective Capital Accounts of the Unitholders to be in the amounts (or as close thereto as possible) they would have been if Profit and Loss (and such other items of income, gain, deduction and loss) had been allocated without reference to the Regulatory Allocations. In general, the Unitholders anticipate that this will be accomplished by specially allocating other Profit and Loss (and such other items of income, gain, deduction and loss) among the Unitholders so that the net amount of the Regulatory Allocations and such special allocations to each such Unitholder is zero. In addition, if in any Fiscal Year or Fiscal Period there is a decrease in partnership Minimum Gain, or in partner nonrecourse debt Minimum Gain, and application of the Minimum Gain chargeback requirements set forth in Section 4.3(a) or Section 4.3(b) would cause a distortion in the economic arrangement among the Unitholders, the Unitholders may, if they do not expect that the Company will have sufficient other income to correct such distortion, request the Internal Revenue Service to waive either or both of such Minimum Gain chargeback requirements. If such request is granted, this Agreement shall be applied in such instance as if it did not contain such Minimum Gain chargeback requirement.

 

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(f) The Unitholders acknowledge that allocations like those described in Proposed Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(xii)(c) (“ Forfeiture Allocations ”) may result from the allocations of Profits and Losses provided for in this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company is entitled to make Forfeiture Allocations and, once required by applicable final or temporary guidance, allocations of Profits and Losses will be made in accordance with Proposed Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(xii)(c) or any successor provision or guidance.

(g) Any item of deduction with respect to a Tax that is offset for a Unitholder under Section 4.6 shall be allocated to the Unitholder in which such payment is to be offset.

Section 4.4 Offsetting Allocations . If, and to the extent that, any Member is deemed to recognize any item of income, gain, deduction or loss as a result of any transaction between such Member and the Company pursuant to Sections 83, 482, or 7872 of the Code or any similar provision now or hereafter in effect, the Manager shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to allocate any corresponding Profit or Loss to the Member who recognizes such item in order to reflect the Members’ economic interest in the Company.

Section 4.5 Tax Allocations .

(a) Allocations Generally . Except as provided in Section 4.5(b) below, for federal, state and local income Tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss or deduction shall be allocated among the Unitholders in the same manner and in the same proportion that the corresponding book items have been allocated among the Unitholders’ respective Capital Accounts; provided that, if any such allocation is not permitted by the Code or other applicable law, then each subsequent item of income, gains, losses, deductions and credits will be allocated among the Unitholders so as to reflect as nearly as possible the allocation set forth herein in computing their Capital Accounts.

(b) Code Section 704(c) Allocations . Items of the Company Taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the Company shall, solely for Tax purposes, be allocated among the Unitholders in accordance with Code Section 704(c) so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income Tax purposes and its initial Book Value. Such allocations shall be made using a reasonable method specified in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3. In addition, if the Book Value of any the Company asset is adjusted pursuant to the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e) or (f), then subsequent allocations of items of Taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income Tax purposes and its Book Value in the same manner as under Code Section 704(c). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager shall determine all allocations pursuant to this Section 4.5(b) using the “traditional method” as described under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-3.

(c) Section 754 Election . The Company has made an election under Section 754 of the Code for its Taxable Year beginning 2014, and the Manager may cause the Company to make a “protective” election under Section 754 of the Code for its Taxable Year beginning as of the date of this Agreement, in each case, to adjust the basis of the Company

 

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property as permitted and provided in Sections 734 and 743 of the Code. Such election shall be effective solely for federal (and, if applicable, state and local) income Tax purposes and shall not result in any adjustment to the Book Value of any the Company asset or to the Member’s Capital Accounts (except as provided in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704- 1(b)(2)(iv)(m)).

(d) Allocation of Tax Credits, Tax Credit Recapture, Etc . Allocations of Tax credits, Tax credit recapture, and any items related thereto shall be allocated to the Unitholders according to their interests in such items as determined by the Manager taking into account the principles of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(ii) and (viii).

(e) Effect of Allocations . Allocations pursuant to this Section 4.5 are solely for purposes of federal, state and local Taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Unitholder’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, Distributions (other than Tax Distributions) or other items pursuant to any provision of this Agreement.

Section 4.6 Indemnification and Reimbursement for Payments on Behalf of a Unitholder . Except as otherwise provided in Section  6.1 , if the Company is required by law to make any payment to a Governmental Entity that is specifically attributable to a Unitholder or a Unitholder’s status as such (including federal withholding Taxes, state personal property Taxes, and state unincorporated business Taxes), then such Unitholder shall indemnify and contribute to the Company in full for the entire amount paid (including interest, penalties and related expenses). The Manager may offset Distributions to which a Person is otherwise entitled under this Agreement against such Person’s obligation to indemnify the Company under this Section 4.6 or with respect to any other amounts owed by the Unitholder to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. A Unitholder’s obligation to indemnify and make contributions to the Company under this Section 4.6 shall survive the termination, dissolution, liquidation and winding up of the Company, and for purposes of this Section 4.6 , the Company shall be treated as continuing in existence. The Company may pursue and enforce all rights and remedies it may have against each Unitholder under this Section 4.6 , including instituting a lawsuit to collect such indemnification and contribution, with interest calculated at a rate equal to the Base Rate plus three percentage points per annum (but not in excess of the highest rate per annum permitted by law), compounded on the last day of each Fiscal Quarter.

ARTICLE V

MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF BUSINESS

Section 5.1 Management .

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement or the Delaware Act, the business, property and affairs of the Company shall be managed, operated and controlled at the sole, absolute and exclusive direction of the Manager in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. No Members shall have management authority or voting or other rights over, or any other ability to take part in the conduct or control of the business of, the Company. The Manager is hereby designated as a “manager” within the meaning of Section 18-101(10) of the Delaware Act. The Manager is, to the extent of its rights and powers set forth in this

 

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Agreement, an agent of the Company for the purpose of the Company’s business, and the actions of the Manager taken in accordance with such rights and powers shall bind the Company (and no Member shall have such right). The Manager shall have all necessary powers to carry out the purposes, business and objectives of the Company. The Manager may delegate in its discretion the authority to sign agreements and other documents and take other actions on behalf of the Company to any Person (including any Member, officer or employee of the Company) to enter into and perform any document on behalf of the Company.

(b) Without limiting Section 5.1(a) , the Manager shall have the sole power and authority to effect any of the following by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in one or a series of related transaction, in each case without the vote, consent or approval of any Unitholder: (i) any sale, lease, transfer, exchange or other disposition of any, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (including the exercise or grant of any conversion, option, privilege or subscription right or any other right available in connection with any assets at any time held by the Company); (ii) any merger, consolidation, reorganization or other combination of the Company with or into another entity, (iii) any acquisition; (iv) any issuance of debt or equity securities; (v) any incurrence of indebtedness; or (vi) any dissolution. Except for any vote, consent or approval of any Unitholder expressly required by this Agreement, if a vote, consent or approval of the Unitholders is required by the Delaware Act or other applicable law with respect to any action to be taken by the Company or matter considered by the Manager, each Unitholder will be deemed to have consented to or approved such action or voted on such matter in accordance with the consent or approval of the Manager on such action or matter.

(c) Carvana Co. Sub may withdraw as the Manager and appoint as its successor at any time upon written notice to the Company (a) any wholly-owned Subsidiary of Carvana Co., (b) any Person of which Carvana Co. is a wholly-owned Subsidiary, (c) any Person into which Carvana Co. is merged or consolidated or (d) any transferee of all or substantially all of the assets of Carvana Co., which withdrawal and replacement shall be effective upon the delivery of such notice. No appointment of a Person other than Carvana Co. Sub (or its successor, as the case may be) as Manager shall be effective unless Carvana Co. Sub (or its successor, as the case may be) and the new Manager provide all Members with contractual rights, directly enforceable by such Members against the new Manager, to cause the new Manager to comply with all of the Manager’s obligations under this Agreement.

Section 5.2 Investment Company Act . The Manager shall use reasonable best efforts to ensure that the Company shall not be subject to registration as an investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act.

Section 5.3 Officers .

(a) Officers . Unless determined otherwise by the Manager, the officers of the Company shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Treasurer and a Secretary and each other officer of Carvana Co. shall also be an officer of the Company, with the same title. All officers shall be appointed by the Manager (or by the Chief Executive Officer to the extent the Manager delegates such authority to the Chief Executive Officer) and shall hold office until their successors are appointed by the Manager (or by the Chief Executive Officer to the extent the Manager delegates such authority to the Chief Executive Officer). Two or more offices may be held by the same

 

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individual. The officers of the Company may be removed by the Manager (or by the Chief Executive Officer to the extent the Manager delegates such authority to the Chief Executive Officer) at any time for any reason or no reason.

(b) Other Officers and Agents . The Manager may appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem necessary or advisable, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Manager.

(c) Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Company and shall have the general powers and duties of supervision and management usually vested in the office of a chief executive officer of a company. He or she shall preside at all meetings of Members if present thereat.

(d) Treasurer . The Treasurer shall have the custody of Company funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of receipts and disbursements. He or she shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Company in such depositaries as may be designated by the Manager or the Chief Executive Officer. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Company as may be ordered by the Manager or the Chief Executive Officer, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements. He or she shall render to the Manager and the Chief Executive Officer whenever either of them may request it, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Company. If required by the Manager, the Treasurer shall give the Company a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such amount and with such surety as the Manager shall prescribe.

(e) Secretary . The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of Members and all other notices required by applicable law or by this Agreement, and in case of his or her absence or refusal or neglect so to do, any such notice may be given by any person thereunto directed by the Chief Executive Officer, or by the Manager. He or she shall record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Company, and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Manager or by the Chief Executive Officer.

(f) Other Officers . Other officers, if any, shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them, respectively, by the Manager or by the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 5.4 Competition and Corporate Opportunities .

(a) Management Investors . Unless the Manager otherwise agrees in writing (e.g., in an Equity Agreement), each Management Investor, for so long as such Management Investor is employed by the Company or its Subsidiaries, shall, and shall cause each of such Person’s Affiliates to, bring all investment or business opportunities to the Company of which such Management Investor becomes aware and which are, or may be, (y) within the scope and investment objectives related to the Business, or (z) otherwise competitive with the Business.

(b) Investor Members . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and notwithstanding any duty otherwise existing at law or in equity, in furtherance (and not in limitation) of the elimination of fiduciary duties set forth in Section 5.5(a) below, no Investor

 

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Member shall have any duty (including any fiduciary duty) to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Company or any of its Affiliates, and no Investor Member shall be liable to the Company, its Unitholders or any other Person bound by this Agreement (for breach of any fiduciary duty or otherwise) solely by reason of any such activities of such Investor Member or its Affiliates. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Company, on behalf of itself and its Affiliates, renounces any interest or expectancy of the Company and its Affiliates in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time presented to any Investor Member or its Affiliates, even if the opportunity is one that the Company or its Affiliates might reasonably be deemed to have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so. Each Investor Member shall have no duty to communicate or offer such business opportunity to the Company or its Affiliates and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be liable to the Company, any of its Affiliates or its Unitholders or any other Person bound by this Agreement (for breach of any fiduciary or other duty or otherwise), solely by reason of the fact that an Investor Member or one of its Affiliates pursues or acquires such business opportunity, sells, assigns, transfers or directs such business opportunity to another person or fails to present such business opportunity, or information regarding such business opportunity, to the Company or any of its Affiliates. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section  5.4 , the Company does not renounce any interest or expectancy it may have in any business opportunity that is expressly offered to any Investor Member solely in his or her capacity as a manager or officer of the Company or any of its Affiliates.

(c) Other Limitations . In addition to and notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.4 , a corporate opportunity shall not be deemed to belong to the Company if it is a business opportunity the Company is not financially able or contractually permitted or legally able to undertake, or that is, from its nature, not in the line of the Company’s business or is of no practical advantage to it or that is one in which the Company has no interest or reasonable expectancy.

(d) Other Agreements . This Section 5.4 shall not in any way affect, limit or modify any liabilities, obligations, duties or responsibilities of any Person under any employment agreement, consulting agreement, confidentiality agreement, non-compete agreement, non-solicit agreement or any similar agreement with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

Section 5.5 Fiduciary Duties .

(a) Members and Unitholders . To the fullest extent permitted by law and notwithstanding any duty otherwise existing at law or in equity, no Member or Unitholder, solely in its capacity as such, shall owe any fiduciary duty to the Company, the Manager, any Member, any Unitholder or any other Person bound by this Agreement, provided that the foregoing shall not eliminate the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Nothing in this Section 5.5(a) shall limit the liabilities, duties or obligations of any Member, Management Investor or Unitholder acting in his or her capacity as an officer or manager pursuant to any other provision of this Agreement.

 

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(b) Manager and Officers . Notwithstanding Section 5.4 above or any other provision to the contrary in this Agreement, except as set forth in Section 5.5(c) , (i) the Manager shall, in its capacity as Manager, and not in any other capacity, have the same fiduciary duties to the Company and the Unitholders and Members as a member of the board of directors of a Delaware corporation; and (ii) each officer of the Company shall, in his or her capacity as such, and not in any other capacity, have the same fiduciary duties to the Company and the Unitholders and Members as an officer of a Delaware corporation. For the avoidance of doubt, the fiduciary duties described in clause (i) above shall not be limited by the fact that the Manager shall be permitted to take certain actions in its sole or reasonable discretion pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any agreement entered into in connection herewith.

(c) Manager Conflicts . The parties hereto acknowledge that the Manager will act through its managing member, Carvana Co., and that the members of Carvana Co.’s board of directors will owe fiduciary duties to Carvana Co. and its stockholders. The Manager will use commercially reasonable and appropriate efforts and means, as determined in good faith by the Manager, to minimize any conflict of interest between the Members, on the one hand, and the stockholders of Carvana Co., on the other hand, and to effectuate any transaction that involves or affects any of the Company, the Manager, the Members and/or the stockholders of Carvana Co. in a manner that does not (i) disadvantage the Members of their interests relative to the stockholders of Carvana Co. or (ii) advantage the stockholders of Carvana Co. relative to the Members or (iii) treat the Members and the stockholders of Carvana Co. differently; provided that in the event of a conflict between the interests of the stockholders of Carvana Co. and the interests of the Members, such Members agree that the Manager shall discharge its fiduciary duties to such Members by acting in the best interests of Carvana Co.’s stockholders.

(d) Waive r. Any duties and liabilities set forth in this Agreement shall replace those existing at law or in equity and each of the Company, each Member and Unitholder and any other Person bound by this Agreement hereby, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including Section 18-1101(e) of the Delaware Act, waives the right to make any claim, bring any action or seek any recovery based on any duties or liabilities existing at law or in equity other than any such duties and liabilities set forth in this Agreement.

(e) Survival . The provisions of this Section 5.5 shall survive any amendment, repeal or termination of this Agreement.

Section 5.6 Confidentiality .

(a) Each Unitholder recognizes and acknowledges that it has and may in the future receive certain confidential and proprietary information and trade secrets of the Company and its Subsidiaries (including their predecessors), (collectively, the “ Confidential Information ”) including Confidential Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries (and their predecessors, if any) regarding identifiable, specific and discrete business opportunities being pursued by the Company or its Subsidiaries. Except as otherwise consented to by the Manager in writing and subject to Section 5.5 and Section 5.6(c) , each Unitholder (on behalf of itself and, to the extent that such Unitholder would be responsible for the acts of the following Persons under principles of agency law, its managers, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, employees, agents and members) agrees that it will not, during or after the term of this Agreement, whether directly or indirectly through an Affiliate or otherwise, take commercial or proprietary advantage of or profit from any Confidential Information or disclose Confidential Information to any Person for

 

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any reason or purpose whatsoever, except (i) to authorized directors, officers, representatives, agents and employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries and as otherwise may be proper in the course of performing such Unitholder’s obligations, or enforcing such Unitholder’s rights, under this Agreement and the agreements expressly contemplated hereby, or (ii) as is required to be disclosed by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, administrative body or governmental body, or by subpoena, summons or legal process, or by law, rule or regulation, provided that the Unitholder required to make such disclosure pursuant to clause (ii) above shall provide to the Company prompt written notice of such disclosure to enable the Company to seek an appropriate protective order or confidential treatment with respect to the Confidential Information required to be disclosed and such disclosed Person shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain, at the request of the Company, an order or other assurance that confidential treatment shall be accorded to such portion of the Confidential Information required to be disclosed as the Company shall designate. For purposes of this Section  5.6 , the term “ Confidential Information ” shall not include any information of which (x) such Person learns from a source other than the Company or its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective representatives, employees, agents or other service providers, and in each case who is not known by such Person to be bound by a confidentiality obligation to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (y) at the time of disclosure or thereafter becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of disclosure directly or indirectly by such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates, employees or representatives. Nothing in this Section  5.6 shall in any way limit or otherwise modify any confidentiality covenants entered into by the Management Investors pursuant to any other agreement entered into with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Carvana Co. may disclose any Confidential Information pursuant to any disclosure obligation under any applicable law or stock exchange rule with no obligation to provide written notice to the Company or any Member to whom such Confidential Information relates.

(b) 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b) provides: “An individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that (A) is made (i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.” Nothing in this Agreement is intended to conflict with 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b) or create liability for disclosures of trade secrets that are expressly allowed by 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b). Accordingly, Management Investors have the right to disclose in confidence trade secrets to federal, state, and local government officials, or to an attorney, for the sole purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law. Management Investors also have the right to disclose trade secrets in a document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, but only if the filing is made under seal and protected from public disclosure.

(c) Each Management Investor acknowledges and agrees that the individual ownership of Units by each of the Management Investors is sensitive and Confidential Information and that information regarding the individual ownership of the Company by Management Investors relates to such Person’s compensation as an employee of the Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries. Therefore, notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall any Management Investor have the right, and each Management Investor hereby waives any right, whether by contract or under applicable law, to the fullest

 

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extent of the law, to have access to or receive any information with respect to what Equity Securities are, or have been, issued to or held by any other Management Investor, including the Unit Ownership Ledger. In no event shall any Management Investor request, or be entitled to receive, any such information (including the Unit Ownership Ledger and any other books and records with respect to ownership of the Equity Securities of the Company); provided that nothing in this Section 5.6(c) shall prohibit any Management Investor from receiving a capitalization schedule showing (i) the aggregate number of each class and type of Equity Securities held by the Management Investors and other advisors of the Company and its Subsidiaries collectively as a group, (ii) the aggregate number of Class B Common Units outstanding and the Participation Thresholds with respect to such outstanding Class B Common Units, (iii) the aggregate number of each class and type of Equity Securities outstanding as of any particular date and (iv) the number and type of Equity Securities held by such Management Investor and such Management Investor’s Permitted Transferees. Nothing in this Section 5.6(c) shall restrict any Person’s express right to receive information pursuant to any contract with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, regardless of whether such Person is also a Management Investor.

ARTICLE VI

EXCULPATION AND INDEMNIFICATION

Section 6.1 Exculpation .

(a) Actions in Capacity as a Member or Unitholder . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and except as otherwise expressly provided herein, no Member, Unitholder (other than (i) any Management Investor in his or her capacity as an officer, employee or service provider of Carvana Co., the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, or (ii) the Manager, acting in its capacity as such) or its respective Indemnitees shall be liable to the Company, any Member, any Unitholder or any other Person bound by this Agreement as a result of or arising out any action of or omission by such Member or Unitholder solely in its capacity as a Member or Unitholder, except to the extent such Obligations arise out of such Member’s (1) material breach of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (2) bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, in each case as determined by a final judgment, order or decree of an arbitrator or a court of competent jurisdiction (which is not appealable or with respect to which the time for appeal therefrom has expired and no appeal has been perfected).

(b) Other Actions . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and except as otherwise expressly provided herein, including Section 6.1(a) , no Indemnitee shall be liable to the Company, any Member, any Unitholder or any other Person bound by this Agreement as a result of or arising out of the activities of the Indemnitee on behalf of the Company to the extent within the scope of the authority reasonably believed by such Indemnitee to be conferred on such Indemnitee, except to the extent such Indemnitee would not be entitled to exculpation or indemnification pursuant to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of Carvana Co. (as the same may be amended from time to time).

 

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Section 6.2 Indemnification . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each of (a) the Manager and its managing member Carvana Co., (b) the Unitholders and Members and their respective Affiliates, (c) the stockholders, members, managers, directors, officers, partners, employees and agents of the Unitholders, Members and their respective Affiliates, and (c) the officers and directors of Carvana Co., the Manager, the Company and each of their Subsidiaries (each, an “ Indemnitee ”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (collectively, “ Obligations ”), which at any time may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against, the Indemnitee as a result of or arising out of this Agreement, Carvana Co., the Company, their respective assets, businesses or affairs, or the activities of the Indemnitee on behalf of Carvana Co., the Company or any of their Subsidiaries to the extent within the scope of the authority reasonably believed to be conferred on such Indemnitee; provided, however , that, to the extent such Indemnitee is not entitled to exculpation with respect to such Obligations pursuant to Section 6.1(a) , the Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification for any such Obligations to the extent such Indemnitee would not be entitled to exculpation or indemnification pursuant to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of Carvana Co. (as the same may be amended from time to time); provided further , that, to the extent such Indemnitee is entitled to exculpation with respect to such Obligations pursuant to Section 6.1(a) , the Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification for any such Obligations to the extent they arise out of such Indemnitee’s (1) material breach of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (2) bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere , or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee was not entitled to indemnification hereunder. Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.1(b) shall be made only out of the assets of the Company and no Member shall have any personal liability on account thereof.

Section 6.3 Expenses . Expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) incurred by an Indemnitee in defending any claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding described in Section 6.1(b) shall, from time to time, be advanced by the Company prior to the final disposition of such claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt by the Company of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay such amount if it shall be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified as provided in Section 6.1(b) ; provided that such undertaking shall be unsecured and interest free and shall be accepted without regard to an Indemnitee’s ability to repay amounts advanced and without regard to an Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification.

Section 6.4 Non-Exclusivity; Savings Clause . The indemnification and advancement of expenses set forth in Section 6.1(b) and Section  6.3 shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any other agreement, policy of insurance or otherwise. The indemnification and advancement of expenses set forth in Section 6.1(b) and Section  6.3 shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a named Indemnitee and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and permitted assigns of such a Person. If Section  6.1 , Section  6.2 or Section  6.3 or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court

 

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of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall nevertheless exculpate, indemnify and advance expenses each Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of such sections not so invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The exculpation, indemnification and advancement of expenses provisions set forth in Section  6.1 , Section  6.2 and Section  6.3 shall be deemed to be a contract between the Company and each of the persons constituting Indemnitees at any time while such provisions remain in effect, whether or not such Person continues to serve in such capacity and whether or not such Person is a party hereto. In addition, neither Section  6.1 , Section  6.2 nor Section  6.3 may be retroactively amended to adversely affect the rights of any Indemnitee arising in connection with any acts, omissions, facts or circumstances occurring prior to such amendment.

Section 6.5 Insurance . The Company may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of the Indemnitees against any liability asserted against them and incurred by them in such capacity, or arising out of their status as Indemnitees, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify them against such liability under this Section  6.5 .

ARTICLE VII

ACCOUNTING AND RECORDS; TAX MATTERS

Section 7.1 Accounting and Records . The books and records of the Company shall be made and maintained, and the financial position and the results of its operations recorded, at the expense of the Company, in accordance with such method of accounting as is determined by the Manager. The books and records of the Company shall reflect all Company transactions and shall be made and maintained in a manner that is appropriate and adequate for the Company’s business.

Section 7.2 Preparation of Tax Returns . The Company shall arrange for the preparation and timely filing of all Tax returns required to be filed by the Company, including making the elections described in Section  7.3 . Each Unitholder shall furnish to the Company all pertinent information in its possession relating to the Company’s operations that is necessary to enable the Company’s income Tax returns to be prepared and filed.

Section 7.3 Tax Elections . The Taxable Year shall be the Fiscal Year unless the Manager shall determine otherwise. The Manager shall determine whether to make or revoke any available election pursuant to the Code. Each Unitholder will upon request supply any information necessary to give proper effect to such election.

Section 7.4 Tax Controversies .

(a) The Manager shall be the Tax Matters Partner (to the extent applicable for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) and the “partnership representative” (or “PR”) of the Company for purposes of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules, and, as such, (i) shall be authorized to designate any other Person selected by the Manager as the partnership representative and (ii) shall be authorized and required to represent the Company (at the Company’s expense) in connection with all examinations of the Company’s affairs by Tax authorities, including resulting administrative and judicial proceedings, and to expend the

 

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Company’s funds for professional services and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Each Unitholder agrees to reasonably cooperate with the Company and to do or refrain from doing any or all things reasonably requested by the Company with respect to the conduct of such proceedings.

(b) In the event of an audit by the Internal Revenue Service, unless otherwise approved by all of the Members, the PR shall make on a timely basis, to the extent permissible under applicable Law, the election provided by Section 6226(a) of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules to treat a “partnership adjustment” as an adjustment to be taken into account by each Member in accordance with Section 6226(b) of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules. If the election under Section 6226(a) of the of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules is made, the PR shall furnish to each Member for the year under audit a statement reflecting the Member’s share of the adjusted items as determined in the notice of final partnership adjustment, and each such Member shall take such adjustment into account as required under Section 6226(b) of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules and shall be liable for any related tax, interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amounts.

(c) In the event of an audit by the Internal Revenue Service, if the PR does not make the election provided by Section 6226(a) of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules as noted above, the PR shall allocate the burden of any taxes (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any “imputed underpayment” within the meaning of Section 6225 of the Partnership Tax Audit Rules), penalties, interest and related expenses imposed on the Company pursuant to the Partnership Tax Audit Rules among the Members to whom such amounts are attributable (whether as a result of their status, actions, inactions or otherwise), as reasonably determined by the PR and each Member shall promptly reimburse the Company in full for the entire amount the PR determines to be attributable to such Member; provided that the Company will also be allowed to recover any amount due from such Member pursuant to this sentence from any distribution otherwise payable to such Member pursuant to this Agreement. Solely for purposes of determining the current Member(s) to which any taxes or other amounts are attributable under this provision, references to any Member in this Section 7.4(c) shall include a reference to each Person that previously held the Units currently held by such Member (but only to the extent of such Person’s interest in such Units).

(d) The PR is authorized to, and shall follow principles (to the extent available) similar to those set forth in Section 7.4(b) and Section 7.4(c) with respect to any audits by state, local, or foreign tax authorities and any tax liabilities that result therefrom.

Section 7.5 Code § 83 Safe Harbor Election.

(a) By executing this Agreement, each Unitholder authorizes and directs the Company to elect to have the “Safe Harbor” described in the proposed Revenue Procedure set forth in the Internal Revenue Service Notice 2005-43 (the “ IRS Notice ”) or in any successor, guidance or provision apply to any interest in the Company transferred to a service provider by the Company on or after the effective date of such Revenue Procedure in connection with services provided to the Company. For purposes of making such Safe Harbor election, the Tax Matters Partner is hereby designated as the “partner who has responsibility for federal income Tax reporting” by the Company and, accordingly, that execution of such Safe Harbor election by

 

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the Tax Matters Partner constitutes execution of a “Safe Harbor Election” in accordance with Section 3.03(1) of the IRS Notice. Each Unitholder hereby agrees to comply with all requirements of the Safe Harbor described in the IRS Notice, including, the requirement that each Unitholder shall prepare and file all federal income Tax returns reporting the income Tax effects of each Unit issued by the Company that qualifies for the Safe Harbor in a manner consistent with the requirements of the IRS Notice.

(b) Any Unitholder or former Unitholder that fails to comply with requirements set forth in Section 7.5(a) shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each adversely affected Unitholder and former Unitholder from and against any and all losses, liabilities, Taxes, damages, judgments, fines, costs, penalties, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith (including, costs and expenses of suits and proceedings, and reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel), in each case resulting from such Unitholder’s or former Unitholder’s failure to comply with such requirements. The Manager may offset Distributions to which a Person is otherwise entitled under this Agreement against such Person’s obligation to indemnify the Company and any other Person under this Section 7.5(b) (and any amount so offset with respect to such Person’s obligation to indemnify a Person other than the Company shall be paid over to such other Person by the Company). A Unitholder’s obligations to comply with the requirements of Section 7.5(a) and to indemnify the Company and any Unitholder or former Unitholder under this Section 7.5(b) shall survive such Unitholder’s ceasing to be a Unitholder of the Company and/or the termination, dissolution, liquidation and winding up of the Company, and, for purposes of this Section 7.5 , the Company shall be treated as continuing in existence. The Company and any Unitholder or former Unitholder may pursue and enforce all rights and remedies it may have against each Unitholder or former Unitholder under this Section 7.5(b) , including (i) instituting a lawsuit to collect such indemnification and contribution, with interest calculated at a rate equal to the Base Rate plus three percentage points per annum (but not in excess of the highest rate per annum permitted by law), compounded on the last day of each Fiscal Quarter and (ii) specific performance and/or immediate injunctive or other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction (without the necessity of showing actual money damages, or posting any bond or other security) in order to enforce or prevent any violation of the provisions of Section 7.5(a) .

(c) Each Unitholder authorizes the Manager to amend paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 7.5 to the extent necessary to achieve substantially the same Tax treatment with respect to any interest in the Company Transferred to a service provider by the Company in connection with services provided to the Company as set forth in Section 4 of the IRS Notice (e.g., to reflect changes from the rules set forth in the IRS Notice in subsequent Internal Revenue Service guidance); provided that such amendment is not materially adverse to any Unitholder (as compared with the after-Tax consequences that would result if the provisions of the IRS Notice applied to all interests in the Company Transferred to a service provider by the Company in connection with services provided to the Company).

 

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ARTICLE VIII

TRANSFER OF UNITS; ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS

Section 8.1 Transfer of Common Units . Other than as provided for below in this Section  8.1 or in Section  8.2 , no Member may sell, assign, transfer, grant a participation in, pledge, hypothecate, encumber or otherwise dispose of (such transaction being herein collectively called a “ Transfer ”) all or any portion of its Common Units except with the approval of the Manager, which may be granted or withheld in its sole discretion. Without the approval of the Manager (but otherwise in compliance with Section  8.1 and Section  8.2 ), a Member may, at any time, (a) Transfer any portion of such Member’s Common Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, and (b) Transfer any portion of such Member’s Common Units to a Permitted Transferee of such Member. Any Transfer of Class A Common Units to a Permitted Transferee of such Member by a Member which also holds Class B Common Stock must be accompanied by the transfer of a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (determined based upon the Exchange Rate then in effect) to such Permitted Transferee. Any purported Transfer of all or a portion of a Member’s Common Units not complying with this Section  8.1 shall be void ab initio and shall not create any obligation on the part of the Company or the other Members to recognize that purported Transfer or to recognize the Person to which the Transfer purportedly was made as a Member. A Person acquiring a Member’s Common Units pursuant to this Section  8.1 shall not be admitted as a substituted or Additional Member except in accordance with the requirements of Section  8.3 , but such Person shall, to the extent of the Common Units transferred to it, be entitled to such Member’s (i) share of Distributions, (ii) share of Profits and Losses and (iii) Capital Account in accordance with Section  3.6 . Notwithstanding anything in this Section  8.1 or elsewhere in this Agreement to the contrary, if a Member Transfers all or any portion of its Common Units after the designation of a record date and declaration of a Distribution pursuant to Section  4.1 and before the payment date of such distribution, the transferring Member (and not the Person acquiring all or any portion of its Common Units) shall be entitled to receive such Distribution in respect of such transferred Common Units.

Section 8.2 Transfer of Carvana Co. Sub s Interest . Carvana Co. Sub may not Transfer all or any portion of its Class A Common Units at any time, except to (a) the Company, (b) any wholly-owned Subsidiary of Carvana Co. Sub or Carvana Co., (c) any Person of which Carvana Co. Sub or Carvana Co. is a wholly-owned Subsidiary, (d) any Person into which Carvana Co. Sub or Carvana Co. is merged or consolidated, (e) Ernest C. Garcia, II, pursuant to that certain Transfer Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, by and among Ernest C. Garcia, II, the Company, Carvana Co. Sub, Carvana, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company, and Carvana Co. or (f) any transferee of all or substantially all of the assets of Carvana Co. Sub or Carvana Co.

Section 8.3 Recognition of Transfer; Substituted and Additional Members .

(a) No direct or indirect Transfer of all or any portion of a Member’s Common Units may be made, and no purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient of all or any part of such Common Units shall be admitted to the Company as a substituted or Additional Member hereunder, unless:

 

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(i) the provisions of Section 8.1 or in Section 8.2 , as applicable, shall have been complied with;

(ii) in the case of a proposed substituted or Additional Member that is (A) a competitor or potential competitor of Carvana Co. or the Company or their respective Subsidiaries, (B) a Person with whom Carvana Co. or the Company or their respective Subsidiaries has had or is expected to have a material commercial or financial relationship or (C) likely to subject Carvana Co. or the Company or their respective Subsidiaries to any material legal or regulatory requirement or obligation, or materially increase the burden thereof, in each case as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion, the admission of the purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient as a substituted or Additional Member shall have been approved by the Manager;

(iii) the Manager shall have been furnished with the documents effecting such Transfer, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, executed and acknowledged by both the seller, assignor or transferor and the purchaser, assignee, transferee or other recipient, and the Manager shall have executed (and the Manager hereby agrees to execute) any other documents on behalf of itself and the Members required to effect the Transfer;

(iv) the provisions of Section 8.3(b) shall have been complied with;

(v) the Manager shall be reasonably satisfied that such Transfer will not (A) result in a violation of the Securities Act or any other applicable law; or (B) cause an assignment under the Investment Company Act;

(vi) such Transfer would not cause the Company to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code or any other association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such Transfer shall not be effected on or through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof,” as such terms are used in Treas. Reg. § 1.7704-1;

(vii) the Manager shall have received the opinion of counsel, if any, required by Section 8.3(c) in connection with such Transfer; and

(viii) all necessary instruments reflecting such Transfer and/or admission shall have been filed in each jurisdiction in which such filing is necessary in order to qualify the Company to conduct business or to preserve the limited liability of the Members.

(b) Each Substituted Member and Additional Member shall be bound by all of the provisions of this Agreement. Each Substituted Member and Additional Member, as a condition to its admission as a Member, shall execute and acknowledge such instruments (including a counterpart of this Agreement and the Exchange Agreement or a joinder agreement in customary form), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, as the Manager reasonably deems necessary or desirable to effectuate such admission and to confirm the agreement of such substituted or Additional Member to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement with respect to the Common Units acquired by such substituted or

 

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Additional Member. The admission of a substituted or Additional Member shall not require the consent of any Member (but shall require the consent of the Manager, if and to the extent such consent of the Manager is expressly required by this Article VIII ). As promptly as practicable after the admission of a substituted or Additional Member, the Unit Ownership Ledger and other books and records of the Company and Exhibit A shall be changed to reflect such admission.

(c) As a further condition to any Transfer of all or any part of a Member’s Common Units, the Manager may, in its discretion, require a written opinion of counsel to the transferring Member reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, obtained at the sole expense of the transferring Member, reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Manager, as to such matters as are customary and appropriate in transactions of this type, including, without limitation (or, in the case of any Transfer made to a Permitted Transferee, limited to an opinion) to the effect that such Transfer will not result in a violation of the registration or other requirements of the Securities Act or any other federal or state securities laws. No such opinion, however, shall be required in connection with a Transfer made pursuant to the Exchange Agreement.

Section 8.4 Expense of Transfer; Indemnification . All reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Manager and the Company in connection with any Transfer of a Member’s Common Units, including any filing and recording costs and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, shall be paid by the transferring Member. In addition, the transferring Member hereby indemnifies the Manager and the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Manager, the Company, or any of their Affiliates may become subject arising out of or based upon any false representation or warranty made by, or breach or failure to comply with any covenant or agreement of, such transferring Member or such transferee in connection with such Transfer.

Section 8.5 Exchange Agreement . In connection with any Transfer of any portion of a Member’s Common Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the Manager shall cause the Company to take any action as may be required under the Exchange Agreement or requested by any party thereto to effect such Transfer promptly.

Section 8.6 Change of Control Transactions . In the event (i) Carvana Co. enters into an agreement to consummate a Change of Control transaction (as defined in the Exchange Agreement) or (ii) any Person commences a tender offer or exchange offer for any of the outstanding shares of Carvana Co.’s stock, Carvana Co. will take all reasonable actions in order to effect any Change of Control Exchange as defined in the Exchange Agreement.

Section 8.7 Divorce/Separation of Unitholder . If required by the Manager, each Member or Unitholder who is an individual shall, at the time of his or her execution of this Agreement or, if any such Person is currently unmarried, at such later time as such Person becomes married or is later required by Manager, cause his or her spouse to execute and deliver to the Company a Consent and Agreement of Spouse in the form attached hereto. If any Member who is an individual (for purposes of this Section  8.7 , a “ Separated Member ”) and his or her spouse (for purposes of this Section  8.7 , a “ Former Spouse ”) become legally separated or divorced and a court or any property settlement or other agreement awards any Units owned by such Separated Member to such Former Spouse, then in such case, notwithstanding the provisions of, such Units (the “ Former Spouse’s Units ”) held by such Member shall be dealt with as follows:

 

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(a) Each Separated Member shall promptly provide the Company with written notice (the “ Dissolution Notice ”) of (i) the entry of any judicial decree or order resolving the property rights of the Separated Member and the Former Spouse in connection with their marital dissolution or legal separation, or (ii) the execution of any contract or agreement relating to the distribution or division of such property rights. The Dissolution Notice shall be accompanied by a copy of the actual decree of dissolution, settlement agreement, or other agreement between the Separated Member and the Former Spouse, which provides for the award to the Former Spouse of the Former Spouse’s Units in settlement of any community property or other marital property rights such Former Spouse may have in such Units.

(b) Notwithstanding the making of any such award or agreement with respect to the Former Spouse’s Units, the Former Spouse shall not have any rights of a Member, except the right to receive distributions occurring at the times and equal in amounts to those distributions the Separated Member would otherwise have received in respect of the Former Spouse’s Units.

(c) In the event that there is an award of a Separated Member’s Unvested Class B Common Units to a Former Spouse, such Unvested Class B Common Units shall be forfeited and terminated. In the event there is an award of a Separated Member’s Vested Class B Common Units to a Former Spouse, such Vested Class B Common Units may, at the option of the Company or the Manager, be acquired for an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of the Fair Market Value of such Vested Units.

ARTICLE IX

WITHDRAWAL AND RESIGNATION OF UNITHOLDERS

Section 9.1 Withdrawal and Resignation of Unitholders . No Unitholder shall have the power or right to withdraw or otherwise resign from the Company prior to the dissolution and winding up of the Company pursuant to Article X , without the prior written consent of the Manager (which consent may be withheld by the Manager in its sole discretion), except as otherwise expressly permitted by this Agreement. Upon a Transfer of all of a Unitholder’s Units in a Transfer permitted by this Agreement, and (if applicable) the Equity Agreements, such Unitholder shall cease to be a Unitholder. Notwithstanding that payment on account of a withdrawal may be made after the effective time of such withdrawal, any completely withdrawing Unitholder will not be considered a Unitholder for any purpose after the effective time of such complete withdrawal, and, in the case of a partial withdrawal, such Unitholder’s Capital Account (and corresponding voting and other rights) shall be reduced for all other purposes hereunder upon the effective time of such partial withdrawal.

 

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ARTICLE X

DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

Section 10.1 Dissolution . The Company shall not be dissolved by the admission of Additional Members or Substituted Members. The Company shall dissolve, and its affairs shall be wound up upon the first of the following to occur:

(a) at the election of the Manager; and

(b) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Company under Section 33.5 of the Delaware Act or an administrative dissolution under Section 18-802 of the Delaware Act.

Except as otherwise set forth in this Article X the Company is intended to have perpetual existence. An Event of Withdrawal shall not cause a dissolution of the Company and the Company shall continue in existence subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

Section 10.2 Liquidation and Termination . On the dissolution of the Company, the Manager shall act as liquidator or may appoint one or more representatives, Members or other Persons as liquidator(s). The liquidators shall proceed diligently to wind up the affairs of the Company and make final distributions as provided herein and in the Delaware Act. The costs of liquidation shall be borne as the Company’s expense. Until final distribution, the liquidators shall continue to operate the Company properties with all of the power and authority of the Manager. The steps to be accomplished by the liquidators are as follows:

(a) The liquidators shall pay, satisfy or discharge from the Company’s funds all of the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Company (including all expenses incurred in liquidation) or otherwise make adequate provision for payment and discharge thereof (including the establishment of a cash fund for contingent liabilities in such amount and for such term as the liquidators may reasonably determine).

(b) As promptly as practicable after dissolution, the liquidators shall (i) determine the Fair Market Value (the “ Liquidation FMV ”) of the Company’s remaining assets (the “ Liquidation Assets ”) in accordance with Article X hereof, (ii) determine the amounts to be distributed to each Unitholder in accordance with Section 4.1 , and (iii) deliver to each Unitholder a statement (the “ Liquidation Statement ”) setting forth the Liquidation FMV and the amounts and recipients of such Distributions, which Liquidation Statement shall be final and binding on all Unitholders.

(c) As soon as the Liquidation FMV and the proper amounts of Distributions have been determined in accordance with Section 10.2(b) above, the liquidators shall promptly distribute the Company’s Liquidation Assets to the holders of Units in accordance with Section 4.1(b) above. In making such distributions, the liquidators shall allocate each type of Liquidation Assets (i.e., cash or cash equivalents, preferred or common equity securities, etc.) among the Unitholders ratably based upon the aggregate amounts to be distributed with respect to the Units held by each such holder; provided that the liquidators may allocate each type of Liquidation Assets so as to give effect to and take into account the relative priorities of the

 

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different Units; provided further that, in the event that any securities are part of the Liquidation Assets, each Unitholder that is not an “accredited investor” as such term is defined under the Securities Act may, in the sole discretion of the Manager, receive, and hereby agrees to accept, in lieu of such securities, cash consideration with an equivalent value to such securities as determined by the Manager. Any non-cash Liquidation Assets will first be written up or down to their Fair Market Value, thus creating Profit or Loss (if any), which shall be allocated in accordance with Section  4.2 and Section  4.3 . If any Unitholder’s Capital Account is not equal to the amount to be distributed to such Unitholder pursuant to Section 10.2(b) , Profits and Losses for the Fiscal Year in which the Company is dissolved shall be allocated among the Unitholders in such a manner as to cause, to the extent possible, each Unitholder’s Capital Account to be equal to the amount to be distributed to such Unitholder pursuant to Section 10.2(b) . The distribution of cash and/or property to a Unitholder in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10.2(b) constitutes a complete return to the Unitholder of its Capital Contributions and a complete distribution to the Unitholder of its interest in the Company and all the Company property and constitutes a compromise to which all Unitholders have consented within the meaning of the Delaware Act. To the extent that a Unitholder returns funds to the Company, it has no claim against any other Unitholder for those funds.

Section 10.3 Securityholders Agreement . To the extent that units or other equity securities of any Subsidiary are distributed to any Unitholders and unless otherwise agreed to by the Manager, such Unitholders hereby agree to enter into a securityholders agreement with such Subsidiary and each other Unitholder which contains rights and restrictions in form and substance similar to the provisions and restrictions set forth herein (including in Article VIII ).

Section 10.4 Cancellation of Certificate . On completion of the distribution of the Company’s assets as provided herein, the Company shall be terminated (and the Company shall not be terminated prior to such time), and the Manager (or such other Person or Persons as the Delaware Act may require or permit) shall file a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of Delaware, cancel any other filings made pursuant to this Agreement that are or should be canceled and take such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Company. The Company shall be deemed to continue in existence for all purposes of this Agreement until it is terminated pursuant to this Section  10.4 .

Section 10.5 Reasonable Time for Winding Up . A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly winding up of the business and affairs of the Company and the liquidation of its assets pursuant to Section  10.2 in order to minimize any losses otherwise attendant upon such winding up.

Section 10.6 Return of Capital . The liquidators shall not be personally liable for the return of Capital Contributions or any portion thereof to the Unitholders (it being understood that any such return shall be made solely from the Company assets).

Section 10.7 Hart-Scott-Rodino . In the event the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “ HSR Act ”) is applicable to any Unitholder, the dissolution of the Company shall not be consummated until such time as the applicable waiting period (and extensions thereof) under the HSR Act have expired or otherwise been terminated with respect to each such Unitholder.

 

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ARTICLE XI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 11.1 Power of Attorney . Each Unitholder hereby constitutes and appoints the Manager and the liquidators, if any and as applicable, and their respective designees, with full power of substitution, as his, her or its true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority in his, her or its name, place and stead, to execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices (to the same extent such Person could take such action): (a) this Agreement, all certificates and other instruments and all amendments hereof or thereof in accordance with the terms hereof which the Manager deems appropriate or necessary to form, qualify, or continue the qualification of, the Company as a limited liability company in the State of Delaware and in all other jurisdictions in which the Company may conduct business or own property or as otherwise permitted herein; (b) all instruments, agreements, amendments or other documents which the Manager deems appropriate or necessary to reflect any amendment, change, modification or restatement of this Agreement in accordance with its terms; (c) all conveyances and other instruments or documents which the Manager and/or the liquidators deems appropriate or necessary to reflect the dissolution and liquidation of the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including a certificate of cancellation; and (d) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal or substitution of any Unitholder pursuant to Article VIII or Article IX . The foregoing power of attorney is irrevocable and coupled with an interest, and shall survive the death, disability, incapacity, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or termination of any Unitholder and the Transfer of all or any portion of his, her or its Units and shall extend to such Unitholder’s heirs, successors, permitted assigns and personal representatives.

Section 11.2 Amendments . This Agreement may be amended (including, for purposes of this Section  11.2 , any amendment effected directly or indirectly by way of a merger or consolidation of the Company) or waived, in whole or in part, by the Manager; provided , however , that to the extent any amendment or waiver, including any amendment or waiver of the Exhibits attached hereto, would disproportionately and adversely affect the rights of any Member of a class compared with the rights of any other Member of such class, such amendment or waiver may only be made by the Manager upon the prior written consent of such disproportionately and adversely affected Member. Class A Common Units and Class B Common Units shall be treated as the same class of Units for the purposes of this Section  11.2 .

Section 11.3 Title to the Company Assets . The Company’s assets shall be deemed to be owned by the Company as an entity, and no Unitholder, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such assets or any portion thereof. Legal title to any or all of such assets may be held in the name of the Company or one or more nominees, as the Manager may determine. The Manager hereby declares and warrants that any the Company assets for which legal title is held in the name of any nominee shall be held in trust by such nominee for the use and benefit of the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. All the Company assets shall be recorded as the property of the Company on its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such assets is held.

 

42


Section 11.4 Remedies . Each Unitholder and the Company shall have all rights and remedies set forth in this Agreement and all rights and remedies which such Person has been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights which such Person has under any law. Any Person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement or any other agreements contemplated hereby shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law.

Section 11.5 Successors and Assigns . All covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 11.6 Severability . Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or the effectiveness or validity of any provision in any other jurisdiction, and this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or if such term or provision could be drawn more narrowly so as not to be illegal, invalid, prohibited or unenforceable in such jurisdiction, it shall be so narrowly drawn, as to such jurisdiction, without invalidating the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement or affecting the legality, validity or enforceability of such term or provision in any other jurisdiction.

Section 11.7 Counterparts; Binding Agreement . This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more separate counterparts, any one of which need not contain the signatures of more than one party, but each of which will be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement binding on all the parties hereto. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and effective as to each Person who (a) executes this Agreement in the appropriate space provided in the signature pages hereto notwithstanding the fact that other Persons who have not executed this Agreement may be listed on the signature pages hereto and (b) may from time to time become a party to this Agreement by executing a counterpart of or joinder to this Agreement.

Section 11.8 Descriptive Headings; Interpretation . The descriptive headings of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute a substantive part of this Agreement. Whenever required by the context, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa. The use of the word “including” in this Agreement shall be by way of example rather than by limitation. Reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof, and if applicable

 

43


hereof. Whenever required by the context, references to a Fiscal Year shall refer to a portion thereof. The use of the words “or,” “either” and “any” shall not be exclusive. The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement. Wherever a conflict exists between this Agreement and any other agreement, this Agreement shall control but solely to the extent of such conflict.

Section 11.9 Applicable Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.

Section 11.10 Addresses and Notices . All notices, demands or other communications to be given or delivered under or by reason of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given or made when (a) delivered personally to the recipient, (b) telecopied to the recipient, or delivered by means of electronic mail (with hard copy sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) that same day) if telecopied/emailed before 5:00 p.m. Phoenix, Arizona time on a Business Day, and otherwise on the next Business Day, or (c) one (1) Business Day after being sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid). Such notices, demands and other communications shall be sent to the address for such recipient set forth in the Company’s books and records, or to such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party.

Section 11.11 Creditors . None of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of or enforceable by any creditors of the Company or any of its Affiliates, and no creditor who makes a loan to the Company or any of its Affiliates may have or acquire (except pursuant to the terms of a separate agreement executed by the Company in favor of such creditor) at any time as a result of making the loan any direct or indirect interest in the Company’s Profits, Losses, Distributions, capital or property other than as a secured creditor. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of the Indemnitees are intended third party beneficiaries of Section 6.1(b) . and shall be entitled to enforce such provision (as it may be in effect from time to time).

Section 11.12 No Waiver . No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute a waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.

Section 11.13 Further Action . The parties agree to execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.

 

44


Section 11.14 Offset Against Amounts Payable . Whenever the Company is to pay any sum to any Unitholder or any Affiliate or related Person thereof, any amounts that such Unitholder or such Affiliate or related Person owes to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries may be offset or deducted from that sum before payment.

Section 11.15 Entire Agreement . This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way.

Section 11.16 Delivery by Electronic Means . This Agreement, the agreements referred to herein, and each other agreement or instrument entered into in connection herewith or therewith or contemplated hereby or thereby, and any amendments hereto or thereto, to the extent signed and delivered by means of a facsimile machine or electronic transmission in portable document format (pdf) or comparable electronic transmission, shall be treated in all manner and respects as an original agreement or instrument and shall be considered to have the same binding legal effect as if it were the original signed version thereof delivered in person. At the request of any party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument, each other party hereto or thereto shall re-execute original forms thereof and deliver them to all other parties. No party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument shall raise the use of a facsimile machine or pdf electronic transmission or comparable electronic transmission to deliver a signature or the fact that any signature or agreement or instrument was transmitted or communicated through the use of a facsimile machine as a defense to the formation or enforceability of a contract and each such party forever waives any such defense.

Section 11.17 Certain Acknowledgments . This Agreement shall be considered for all purposes as having been prepared through the joint efforts of the parties. No presumption shall apply in favor of any party in the interpretation of this Agreement or in the resolution of any ambiguity of any provision hereof based on the preparation, substitution, submission or other event of negotiation, drafting or execution hereof. Each Member and Unitholder acknowledges that it/he/she is entitled to and has been afforded the opportunity to consult legal counsel of its choice regarding the terms, conditions and legal effects of this Agreement, as well as the advisability and propriety thereof. Each Member and Unitholder further acknowledges that having so consulted with legal counsel of its choosing, such Member or Unitholder hereby waives any right to raise or rely upon the lack of representation or effective representation in any future proceedings or in connection with any future claim resulting from this Agreement or the formation of the Company. THE COMPANY, THE MEMBERS AND THE UNITHOLDERS ACKNOWLEDGE THAT KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP HAS ONLY REPRESENTED THE COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO THE NEGOTIATION AND PREPARATION OF THIS AGREEMENT, AND HAS NOT REPRESENTED THE MEMBERS OR THE UNITHOLDERS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH MATTERS.

 

45


Section 11.18 Consent to Jurisdiction; WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY .

(a) Consent to Jurisdiction . Each Unitholder irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the State of Delaware and the state courts of the State of Delaware for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby. Each Unitholder further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by United States certified or registered mail (in each such case, prepaid return receipt requested) to such Unitholder’s respective address set forth in the Company’s books and records or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party shall be effective service of process in any action, suit or proceeding in Delaware with respect to any matters to which it has submitted to jurisdiction as set forth above in the immediately preceding sentence. Each Unitholder irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware or the state courts of the State of Delaware and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

(b) WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY . BECAUSE DISPUTES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH COMPLEX TRANSACTIONS ARE MOST QUICKLY AND ECONOMICALLY RESOLVED BY AN EXPERIENCED AND EXPERT PERSON AND THE PARTIES WISH APPLICABLE STATE AND FEDERAL LAWS TO APPLY (RATHER THAN ARBITRATION RULES), THE PARTIES DESIRE THAT THEIR DISPUTES BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE APPLYING SUCH APPLICABLE LAWS. THEREFORE, TO ACHIEVE THE BEST COMBINATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND OF ARBITRATION, EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING THE COMPANY) HEREBY WAIVES ALL RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN OR AMONG ANY OF THE PARTIES HERETO, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF, CONNECTED WITH, RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND/OR THE RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED AMONG THE PARTIES HEREUNDER.

Section 11.19 Representations and Warranties . By execution of this Agreement, each Member severally represents and warrants as follows:

(a) Such Member has full legal right, power, and authority to deliver this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and to perform such Member’s obligations hereunder and thereunder;

(b) This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligation of such Member enforceable in accordance with its respective terms, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy and other laws of general application relating to creditors’ rights or general principles of equity;

(c) Neither this Agreement nor the other Transaction Documents violate, conflict with, result in a breach of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default or an event of default under any other agreement of which such Member is a party; and

 

46


(d) Such Member’s investment in Units in the Company is made for such Member’s own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such Units.

Section 11.20 Tax Receivable Agreement . The Tax Receivable Agreement and the Exchange Agreement shall each be treated as part of this Agreement as described in Section 761(c) of the Code, and Treas. Reg. § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(h) and § 1.761-1(c) with respect to payments to a Member with respect to an Exchange (as defined in the Tax Receivable Agreement) by such Member.

* * * * *

 

47


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed or caused to be executed on their behalf this Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

CARVANA GROUP, LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux
Title:   Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
CARVANA CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux
Title:   Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
CARVANA CO. SUB LLC, as a Member and the Sole Manager
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux
Title:   Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


CAO INVESTMENTS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Javier Aldrete

Name:   Javier Aldrete
Title:   Secretary

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


DRIVETIME CAR SALES AND FINANCE COMPANY, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kurt Wood

Name:   Kurt Wood
Its:   CFO

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


ERNEST C. GARCIA III, a Member

By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia III

  Ernest C. Garcia III

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


ERNEST C. GARCIA II, a Member
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


ERNEST GARCIA III MULTI-GENERATIONAL TRUST III, a Member
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee
ERNEST IRREVOCABLE 2004 TRUST III, a Member
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


GV AUTO I, LLC
By:   Georgiana Ventures, LLC
Its:   Manager
By:  

/s/ Ira J. Platt

Name:   Ira J. Platt
Its:   Manager

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


2014 FIDEL FAMILY TRUST DATED JUNE 16,

2014, A MEMBER

By:  

/s/ Kathryn L. Fidel

Name:   Kathryn L. Fidel
Its:   Trustee

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


CVAN HOLDINGS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kelly Van Meter

Name:   Kelly Van Meter
Its:   Vice President

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


John O’Dell, a Member
By:  

/s/ John O’Dell

Name:   John O’Dell

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Ira Platt, a Member
By:  

/s/ Ira Platt

Name:   Ira Platt

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Adrienne Sanford
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Adrienne Sanford

Name:   Adrienne Sanford

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Alex Devkar
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Alex Devkar

Name:   Alex Devkar

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Benjamin Huston, a Member
By:  

/s/ Benjamin Huston

Name:   Benjamin Huston

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Bobby Borszich
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Bobby Borszich

Name:   Bobby Borszich

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Bret Sassenberg
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Bret Sassenberg

Name:   Bret Sassenberg

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Brian Henze
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Brian Henze

Name:   Brian Henze

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Carl Bailey
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Carl Bailey

Name:   Carl Bailey

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Cem Vardar
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Cem Vardar

Name:   Cem Vardar

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Chris Aylward
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Chris Aylward

Name:   Chris Aylward

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Chris Santone
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Chris Santone

Name:   Chris Santone

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Christina Keiser
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Christina Keiser

Name:   Christina Keiser

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Christopher Olson
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Christopher Olson

Name:   Christopher Olson

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Dan Gill
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Dan Gill

Name:   Dan Gill

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


David Fye
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ David Fye

Name:   David Fye

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


David Ledford
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ David Ledford

Name:   David Ledford

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Don Webster
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Don Webster

Name:   Don Webster

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Ellen Williams
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ellen Williams

Name:   Ellen Williams

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Eric Blatz
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Eric Blatz

Name:   Eric Blatz

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Glenn Kees
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Glenn Kees

Name:   Glenn Kees

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Imran Kazi
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Imran Kazi

Name:   Imran Kazi

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jared Foster
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jared Foster

Name:   Jared Foster

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jason Scott
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jason Scott

Name:   Jason Scott

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jason Tucker
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jason Tucker

Name:   Jason Tucker

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jeff McLellan
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jeff McLellan

Name:   Jeff McLellan

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jennifer M Stanford
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jennifer M Stanford

Name:   Jennifer M Stanford

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jessica Querin
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jessica Querin

Name:   Jessica Querin

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jim Naylor
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jim Naylor

Name:   Jim Naylor

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


John Mckeon
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ John Mckeon

Name:   John Mckeon

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


John Piatak
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ John Piatak

Name:   John Piatak

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jon Seitel
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jon Seitel

Name:   Jon Seitel

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Jonathon McCutcheon
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jonathon McCutcheon

Name:   Jonathon McCutcheon

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Joshua Roger Dollison
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Joshua Roger Dollison

Name:   Joshua Roger Dollison

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Justin Graham
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Justin Graham

Name:   Justin Graham

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Keith Dunlap
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Keith Dunlap

Name:   Keith Dunlap

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Kevin Coyle
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Kevin Coyle

Name:   Kevin Coyle

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Leonid Epshtein
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Leonid Epshtein

Name:   Leonid Epshtein

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Mark Jenkins
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Mark Jenkins

Name:   Mark Jenkins

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Matthew Dundas
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Matthew Dundas

Name:   Matthew Dundas

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Michael Grantham
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Michael Grantham

Name:   Michael Grantham

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Mike McKeever
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Mike McKeever

Name:   Mike McKeever

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Michael Rennie Jr.
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Michael Rennie Jr.

Name:   Michael Rennie Jr.

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Milton Moskowitz
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Milton Moskowitz

Name:   Milton Moskowitz

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Nate Fuller
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Nate Fuller

Name:   Nate Fuller

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Nemanja Samailovic
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Nemanja Samailovic            

Name:   Nemanja Samailovic

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Paul Breaux
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Paul Curry
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Curry

Name:   Paul Curry

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Paul Keister
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Keister

Name:   Paul Keister

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Richard Ball
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Richard Ball

Name:   Richard Ball

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Ryan Blatz
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ryan Blatz

Name:   Ryan Blatz

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Ryan Keeton
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ryan Keeton

Name:   Ryan Keeton

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Scott Wood
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Scott Wood

Name:   Scott Wood

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Sean Dupre
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Sean Dupre

Name:   Sean Dupre

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Sidney Bridges
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Sidney Bridges

Name:   Sidney Bridges

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Stella WenxingLiu
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Stella WenxingLiu

Name:   Stella WenxingLiu

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Suhail Bayot
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Suhail Bayot

Name:   Suhail Bayot

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Teresa Aragon
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Teresa Aragon

Name:   Teresa Aragon

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Will Adams
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Will Adams

Name:   Will Adams

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


Zachary Huber
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Zachary Huber

Name:   Zachary Huber

[Signature Page to Carvana Group, LLC Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement]


FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

Joinder

The undersigned hereby agrees to become a party to the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dated as of April 27, 2017 (the “ Agreement ”), and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Agreement as a Member.

 

     

MEMBER:

 
     

[•]

 
     

By:                                                                                    

 

     

Its:

 
     

Address for Notices:

 
     

[•]

 
     

[•]

 
     

[•]

 
     

[•]

 


CONSENT AND AGREEMENT OF SPOUSE

The undersigned (“ Spouse ”) is the spouse of the individual identified below (“ Married Unitholder ”) who owns units in Carvana Group, LLC (the “ Company ”). Spouse acknowledges that he or she has read the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, effective as of April 27, 2017 (the “ Agreement ”), and understands its provisions. Specifically, Spouse has read Section 8.7 (Divorce/Separation of Unitholder) and is aware that by the provisions of the Agreement both Spouse and Married Unitholder have agreed to sell, transfer, and restrict all of Married Unitholder’s or Spouse’s units in the Company, including any community property interest or quasi-community property interest therein, in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Agreement. Spouse hereby expressly approves of and agrees to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement in its entirety, including but not limited to those provisions relating to the sales and transfers of the units and the restrictions thereon and not to make any transfer or other disposition of his or her community property or other interest in the units, whether by bequest or the application of the residuary clause of his or her will or otherwise, in any manner that would have the effect of causing the units to be held by anyone other than Married Unitholder. If Spouse predeceases Married Unitholder when Married Unitholder owns any units in the Company, then Spouse agrees not to transfer, devise or bequeath whatever community property interest or quasi-community property interest Spouse may have in the units of the Company in contravention of the Agreement. Spouse hereby appoints Married Unitholder as his or her attorney-in-fact to exercise all rights that Spouse may have with respect to the units, including, but not limited to, the encumbrance or disposition thereof.

 

   

Date:                                                                              

   

 

    Married Unitholder
   

 

    Spouse
   

 

   

Print Name of Spouse

Exhibit 10.3

Execution Version

EXCHANGE AGREEMENT

This EXCHANGE AGREEMENT (as it may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, the “ Agreement ”), dated as of April 27, 2017 and effective as of immediately prior to the consummation of the IPO (as defined below) (the “ Effective Time ”), is made by and among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (“ Pubco ”), Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (the “ Corporation ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), and the holders from time to time of the Company’s Common Units (as defined below) listed on the signature pages hereto as “Members” (collectively, the “ Members ” and individually, a “ Member ”).

WHEREAS, the Corporation is a wholly owned Subsidiary (as defined below) of Pubco;

WHEREAS, in connection with the initial public offering of Pubco’s Class A Common Stock (the “ IPO ”), Pubco intends to consummate the transactions described in the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-217085); and

WHEREAS, the parties to this Agreement desire to provide for the exchange of Exchangeable Units together with shares of Class B Common Stock (as defined below) for shares of Class A Common Stock (as defined below), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and undertakings contained herein and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

Section 1.1 Definitions.

As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

Adjusted Participation Threshold ” means, with respect to any Class B Common Unit as of any date of determination, an amount equal to (i) the Participation Threshold of such Class B Common Unit as of such date divided by (ii) the Exchange Rate as of such date.

Affiliate ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which the banks in New York, New York or Phoenix, Arizona are authorized by law to be closed.

Cash Payment ” means, with respect to any Exchange, an amount in cash equal to the product of (x) the Net Exchanged Unit Amount, (y) the then-applicable Exchange Rate, and (z) the Class A Common Stock Value.


A “ Change of Control ” shall be deemed to have occurred if or upon:

(i) the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pubco approve, in accordance with its certificate of incorporation and applicable law, the sale, lease or transfer, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets (determined on a consolidated basis), including a sale of all of the equity interests in the Company, to any Person or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), other than to any directly or indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco, and such sale, lease or transfer is consummated;

(ii) the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pubco approve, in accordance with its certificate of incorporation and applicable law, a merger or consolidation of Pubco with any other Person, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the Voting Securities of Pubco outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into Voting Securities of the surviving entity) at least 50.01% of the total voting power represented by the Voting Securities of the Corporation or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, and such merger or consolidation is consummated; or

(iii) the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any Person or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) (other than (a) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of Pubco, or (b) a corporation or other entity owned, directly or indirectly, by all of the stockholders of Pubco in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of Pubco) of beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50.01% of the aggregate voting power of the Voting Securities of Pubco; provided , that Pubco’s Board of Directors recommends or otherwise approves or determines that such acquisition is in the best interests of Pubco and its stockholders.

Change of Control Exchange ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b)(i) .

Change of Control Exchange Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b)(iii) .

Class  A Common Stock ” means the Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Pubco.

Class  A Common Stock Value ” means, with respect to any Exchange, the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average prices for a share of Class A Common Stock on the principal U.S. securities exchange or automated or electronic quotation system on which the Class A Common Stock trades, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P., or its successor, for each of the three (3) consecutive full Trading Days ending on and including the last full Trading Day immediately prior to the related Exchange Date, subject to appropriate and equitable adjustment for any stock splits, reverse splits, stock dividends or similar events affecting the Class A Common Stock. If the Class A Common Stock no longer trades on a securities exchange or automated or electronic quotation system, then the Class A Common Stock Value shall be determined in good faith by a majority of the directors of Pubco that do not have an interest in the Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock being Exchanged.

Class  A Common Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

 

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Class  B Common Stock ” means the Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Pubco.

Class  B Common Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Common Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Contribution Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a )( iv) .

Corporation ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

Effective Time ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

Exchange ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a )( i ) .

Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Exchange Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a )( iii) .

Exchange Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a )( iii) .

Exchange Rate ” means the number of shares of Class A Common Stock for which one Class A Common Unit is entitled to be Exchanged. The Exchange Rate will also be used to determine the number of shares of Class B Common Stock that a Member must surrender upon an Exchange, to the extent such Member holds Class B Common Stock. On the date of this Agreement, the Exchange Rate shall be 0.8, subject to adjustment pursuant to Section  2.2 of this Agreement.

Exchangeable Class  B Common Unit ” means, with respect to any Exchange and any Member, a Vested Class B Common Unit (as of the applicable Exchange Date) with an Adjusted Participation Threshold less than the applicable Class A Common Stock Value.

Exchangeable Unit ” means a Class A Common Unit or an Exchangeable Class B Common Unit. For the avoidance of doubt, the Class A Common Units held by the Corporation are not Exchangeable Units.

First Exchange Time ” means the expiration or earlier waiver of any lockup agreement relating to the IPO.

Governmental Entity ” means any court, administrative agency, regulatory body, commission, or other governmental authority, board, bureau, or instrumentality, domestic or foreign, and any subdivision thereof.

IPO ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

 

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Liens ” means any and all liens, charges, security interests, options, claims, mortgages, pledges, proxies, voting trusts or agreements, obligations, understandings or arrangements, or other restrictions on title or transfer of any nature whatsoever.

LLC Agreement ” means the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company dated as of the date hereof, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Manager ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Member ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

Net Exchangeable Class  B Common Units ” means, with respect to an Exchange, an amount equal to the product of (i) the number of Exchangeable Class B Common Units set forth in the applicable Exchange Notice and (ii) an amount (greater than zero) equal to (A) one (1) minus (B) a fraction, the numerator of which is the weighted average Adjusted Participation Threshold of the Exchangeable Class B Common Units set forth in the applicable Exchange Notice and the denominator of which is the applicable Class A Common Stock Value. For purposes of this calculation, the number of Exchangeable Class B Common Units will be calculated on the close of business on the day before the Exchange Date based upon the applicable Class A Common Stock Value and the exchanging Member’s Class B Common Unit vesting schedule, and, if necessary, the number of Exchangeable Class B Common Units that such Member requested to be exchanged in the related Exchange Notice will be adjusted accordingly.

Net Exchanged Unit Amount ” means, with respect to an Exchange, (i) the number of Class A Common Units set forth in the applicable Exchange Notice and (ii) the Net Exchangeable Class B Common Units set forth in the applicable Exchange Notice.

Participation Threshold ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement

Permitted Transferee ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Person ” means any natural person, corporation, limited partnership, general partnership, limited liability company, joint stock company, joint venture, association, company, estate, trust, bank trust company, land trust, business trust or other organization, whether or not a legal entity, custodian, trustee-executor, administrator, nominee or entity in a representative capacity, and any government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

Pubco ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

Registration Rights Agreement ” means the Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and among Pubco and the other parties thereto, dated as of the date hereof, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Retraction Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a )( vi) .

SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

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Securities Act ” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or business entity of which (i) if a corporation, a majority of the total voting power of shares of stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof, or (ii) if a limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity (other than a corporation), a majority of partnership or other similar ownership interests thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof. For purposes hereof and without limitation, a Person or Persons shall be deemed to have a majority ownership interest in a limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity (other than a corporation) if such Person or Persons shall be allocated a majority of limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity gains or losses or shall be or control the manager, managing member, managing director (or a board comprised of any of the foregoing) or general partner of such limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity. For purposes hereof, references to a “ Subsidiary ” of any Person shall be given effect only at such times that such Person has one or more Subsidiaries.

Takeover Laws ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.1 .

Tax Receivable Agreement ” means that certain Tax Receivable Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, among Pubco, the Company and the other parties thereto, as the same may be amended, amended and restated or replaced from time to time.

Trading Day ” means a day on which the principal U.S. securities exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business (unless such trading shall have been suspended for the entire day).

Vested Class  B Common Unit ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

Voting Securities ” means any equity securities of Pubco that are entitled to vote generally in matters submitted for a vote of Pubco’s stockholders or generally in the election of Pubco’s Board of Directors.

ARTICLE II

Section 2.1 Exchange of Common Units.

(a) Elective Exchanges .

(i) From and after the First Exchange Time, each Member shall be entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof and the LLC Agreement, to surrender Exchangeable Units and, if such Member also holds Class B Common Stock, a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate (in each case, free and clear of all Liens) to the Corporation in exchange for the delivery to such Member (or its

 

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designee) of either, at the option of the Corporation, (x) a number of shares of Class A Common Stock that is equal to the product of the applicable Net Exchanged Unit Amount multiplied by the Exchange Rate or (y) the applicable Cash Payment. Any exchange of Exchangeable Units and, if applicable, Class B Common Stock for Class A Common Stock or the Cash Payment, as applicable, is defined herein as an “ Exchange .” Subject to Section 2.1(a )( ii) , after the First Exchange Time a Member may Exchange Class A Common Units at any time and from time to time, but a Member may not Exchange Class B Common Units more than once per fiscal quarter without the prior consent of the Corporation. The minimum number of Exchangeable Units (and corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate, if any) that may be exchanged by any Member shall be the lesser of (A) 20,000 (twenty thousand) and (B) all of the Exchangeable Units (and corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate, if any) then held by such Member and its Affiliates, except that such minimum shall not apply if such Exchange is in connection with the exercise of any incidental registration rights pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement.

(ii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, no Member shall be entitled to effectuate an Exchange of Exchangeable Units (and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate, if any) as set forth in this Section 2.1(a) , and the Corporation and Company shall have the right to refuse to honor any request for such an Exchange, if at any time the Corporation or the Company determines based on the advice of counsel that such Exchange (1) would be prohibited by law or regulation (including, without limitation, the unavailability of a registration of such Exchange under the Securities Act, or an exemption from the registration requirements thereof), (2) would not be permitted under any agreement with the Corporation, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries to which the applicable Member is party (including, without limitation, the LLC Agreement), (3) would result in a negative adjustment from the Exchange under Section 743(b) of the Code with respect to the Corporation’s interest in the Company so acquired, or (4) solely in the case of an Exchange requested by an officer, director or other personnel of Pubco, the Corporation, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, would not be permitted under any written policy of Pubco, the Corporation, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries related to restrictions on trading by such officers, directors or other personnel. Upon such determination, the Corporation or the Company (as applicable) shall notify the Member requesting the Exchange of such determination, which such notice shall include an explanation in reasonable detail as to the reason that the Exchange has not been honored.

(iii) A Member shall exercise its right to effectuate an Exchange of Exchangeable Units, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate (if any), as set forth in this Section 2.1(a) by delivering to the Company, with a contemporaneous copy delivered to the Corporation, during normal business hours, (A) a written election of exchange in respect of the Exchangeable Units to be exchanged substantially in

 

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the form of Exhibit A hereto (an “ Exchange Notice ”), duly executed by such Member, (B) any certificates in such Member’s possession representing such Exchangeable Units, (C) any stock certificates in such Member’s possession representing such shares of Class B Common Stock and (D) if the Corporation, the Company or any exchanging Subsidiary requires the delivery of the certification contemplated by Section 2.4(b) , such certification or written notice from such Member that it is unable to provide such certification. Unless such Member timely has delivered a Retraction Notice pursuant to Section 2.1(a)(vi) , an Exchange pursuant to this Section 2.1(a) shall be effected on the fifth Business Day following the Business Day on which the Corporation and the Company have received the items specified in clauses (A)-(D) of the first sentence of this Section 2.1(a)(iii) or such later date that is a Business Day specified in the Exchange Notice (such Business Day, the “ Exchange Date ”); provided , that the Company may establish alternate exchange procedures as necessary in order to facilitate the establishment by a Member of a trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. On the Exchange Date, all rights of the exchanging Member as a holder of the Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock that are subject to the Exchange shall cease, and unless the Corporation has elected Cash Payment, such Member (or its designee) shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder of the shares of Class A Common Stock to be received by the exchanging Member in respect of such Exchange.

(iv) Within two (2) Business Days following the Business Day on which the Corporation and the Company have received the Exchange Notice, the Corporation shall give written notice (the “ Contribution Notice ”) to the Company (with a copy to the exchanging Member) of its intended settlement method; provided that if the Corporation does not timely deliver a Contribution Notice, the Corporation shall be deemed to have not elected the Cash Payment method.

(v) A Member may specify, in an applicable Exchange Notice, that the Exchange is to be contingent (including as to timing) upon the occurrence of any transaction or event, including the consummation of a purchase by another Person (whether in a tender or exchange offer, an underwritten offering, Change of Control transaction or otherwise) of shares of Class A Common Stock or any merger, consolidation or other business combination.

(vi) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a Member may withdraw or amend its Exchange Notice, in whole or in part, at any time prior to 5:00 p.m. Phoenix, Arizona time, on the Business Day immediately prior to the Exchange Date by giving written notice to the Company (with a copy to the Corporation) specifying (A) the number of withdrawn Exchangeable Units (and corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate), (B) the number of Exchangeable Units (and corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate) as to which the Exchange Notice remains in effect, if any, and (C) if the Member so determines, a new Exchange Date or any other new or revised information permitted in the Exchange Notice.

 

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(b) Change of Control . In connection with a Change of Control, and subject to any approval of the Change of Control by the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class  B Common Stock that may be required:

(i) The Corporation shall have the right to require each Member to effectuate an Exchange of some or all of such Member’s Exchangeable Units, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) after taking into account the Exchange Rate (in each case, free and clear of all Liens), with the Corporation or, at the option of the Corporation, with any Subsidiary of Pubco, in each case, in exchange for the delivery to the exchanging Member (or its designee) of a number of shares of Class A Common Stock that is equal to the product of the applicable Net Exchanged Unit Amount and the Exchange Rate (such Exchange, a “ Change of Control Exchange ”); provided that, if the Corporation requires the Members to Exchange less than all of their outstanding Exchangeable Units (and corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) after taking into account the Exchange Rate), each Member’s participation in the required Exchange shall be reduced pro rata based on ownership of Exchangeable Units. For the avoidance of doubt, any Exchangeable Units and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) held by a Member that are not Exchanged pursuant to a Change of Control Exchange may be Exchanged by such Member pursuant to Section 2.1(a) subject to and in accordance with the terms thereof.

(ii) The election of the Corporation pursuant to this Section 2.1(b ) shall be at the sole discretion of the Corporation upon the approval thereof by a majority of the Board of Directors of Pubco.

(iii) Any Exchange pursuant to this Section 2.1(b) shall be effective immediately prior to the consummation of the Change of Control (and, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be effective if such Change of Control is not consummated) (the “ Change of Control Exchange Date ”). From and after the Change of Control Exchange Date, (x) the Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock Exchanged pursuant to this Section 2.1(b) shall be deemed to be transferred to the Corporation, or the exchanging Subsidiary, as applicable, on the Change of Control Exchange Date and (y) the exchanging Member shall cease to have any rights with respect to the Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock Exchanged pursuant to this Section 2.1(b) (other than the right to receive shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to Section 2.1(b)( i ) upon compliance with its obligations under Section 2.1(c) ).

 

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(iv) The Corporation shall provide written notice of an expected Change of Control to all Members within the earlier of (x) five (5) Business Days following the execution of the agreement with respect to such Change of Control and (y) ten (10) Business Days before the proposed date upon which the contemplated Change of Control is to be effected, indicating in such notice such information as may reasonably describe the Change of Control transaction, subject to applicable law, including the date of execution of such agreement or such proposed effective date, as applicable, the amount and types of consideration to be paid for Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock or shares of Class A Common Stock, as applicable, in the Change of Control (which consideration shall be equivalent whether paid for Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock or shares of Class A Common Stock), any election with respect to types of consideration that a holder of Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock or shares of Class A Common Stock, as applicable, shall be entitled to make in connection with the Change of Control, the percentage of total Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock or shares of Class A Common Stock, as applicable, to be transferred to the acquirer by all shareholders in the Change of Control, and the number of Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock held by each Member that the Corporation intends to require to be Exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock in connection with the Change of Control. The Corporation shall update such notice from time to time to reflect any material changes to such notice. The Corporation may satisfy any such notice and update requirements described in the preceding two sentences by providing such information on a Form 8-K, Schedule TO, Schedule 14D-9, Preliminary Merger Proxy on Schedule 14A, Definitive Merger Proxy on Schedule 14A or similar form filed with the SEC.

(c) Exchange Procedure on Change of Control Exchange . On or prior to the Change of Control Exchange Date, the Member shall deliver to the Corporation or the exchanging Subsidiary, as applicable, with a contemporaneous copy delivered to the Company, in each case during normal business hours at the principal executive offices of the Company and the Corporation, respectively: (A) an Exchange Notice, duly executed by such Member, (B) any certificates in such Member’s possession representing all Exchangeable Units being surrendered by the Member, (C) any stock certificates in such Member’s possession representing all shares of Class B Common Stock being surrendered by the Member and (D) if the Corporation, the Company or the exchanging Subsidiary requires the delivery of the certification contemplated by Section 2.4(b) , such certification or written notice from such Member that it is unable to provide such certification.

(d) Exchange Consideration . As promptly as practicable on or after the Exchange Date or Change of Control Exchange Date, as applicable, provided the Member has satisfied its obligations under Section 2.1(a)(iii) or Section 2.1(c) , as applicable, the Company or the Corporation shall deliver or cause to be delivered to such Member (or its designee), either certificates or evidence of book-entry shares representing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock deliverable upon the applicable Exchange, registered in the name of the relevant exchanging Member (or its designee) or, if the Corporation has so elected, the Cash Payment. Notwithstanding anything set forth in this Section 2.1(d) to the contrary, to the extent the Class A Common Stock issued in the exchange will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company, the Company or the Corporation will, upon the written

 

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instruction of an exchanging Member, deliver the shares of Class A Common Stock deliverable to such Member through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company to the account of the participant of The Depository Trust Company designated by such Member in the Exchange Notice. Upon a Member exercising its right to Exchange in accordance with Section 2.1(a)( i ) or the occurrence of a Change of Control Exchange, the Company or the Corporation shall take such actions as (A) may be required to ensure that such Member receives the shares of Class A Common Stock or the Cash Payment that such exchanging Member is entitled to receive in connection with such Exchange pursuant to this Section  2.1 , and (B) may be reasonably within its control that would cause such Exchange to be treated for purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement as an “Exchange” under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

(e) Legends .

(i) The shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon an Exchange, other than any such shares issued in an Exchange subject to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

THE TRANSFER OF THESE SECURITIES HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION, AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED OTHER THAN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW), OR AN EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

(ii) If (A) any shares of Class A Common Stock have been sold pursuant to a registration statement that has been declared effective by the SEC, (B) all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 are met, or (C) the legend (or a portion thereof) otherwise ceases to be applicable, Pubco, upon the written request of the holder thereof, shall promptly provide such holder or its respective transferees with new certificates (or evidence of book-entry share) for securities of like tenor not bearing the provisions of the legend with respect to which the restriction has terminated. In connection therewith, such holder shall provide Pubco with such information in its possession as Pubco may reasonably request (which may include an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to Pubco) in connection with the removal of any such legend.

(f) Cancellation of Class  B Common Stock . Any shares of Class B Common Stock surrendered in an Exchange shall automatically be deemed cancelled without any action on the part of any Person, including the Corporation or Pubco. Any such cancelled shares of Class B Common Stock shall no longer be outstanding, and all rights with respect to such shares shall automatically cease and terminate.

 

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(g) Expenses . Subject to any other arrangement or agreement among the Company and an applicable Member, the Corporation, the Company, any exchanging Subsidiary and each exchanging Member shall bear their own expenses in connection with the consummation of any Exchange, whether or not any such Exchange is ultimately consummated, except that the Corporation shall bear any transfer taxes, stamp taxes or duties, or other similar taxes in connection with, or arising by reason of, any Exchange; provided , however, that if any shares of Class A Common Stock are to be delivered in a name other than that of the Member that requested the Exchange (or The Depository Trust Company or its nominee for the account of a participant of The Depository Trust Company that will hold the shares for the account of such Member) or the Cash Payment is to be paid to a Person other than the Member that requested the Exchange, then such Member or the Person in whose name such shares are to be delivered or to whom the Cash Payment is to be paid shall pay to the Corporation the amount of any transfer taxes, stamp taxes or duties, or other similar taxes in connection with, or arising by reason of, such Exchange or shall establish to the reasonable satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid or is not payable.

(h) Publicly Traded Partnership . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if the Manager of the Company, after consultation with its outside legal counsel and tax advisor, shall determine in good faith that interests in the Company do not meet the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.7704-1(h) (or other provisions of those Regulations as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion), the Company may impose such restrictions on Exchanges as the Company may reasonably determine to be necessary or advisable so that the Company is not treated as a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code.

Section 2.2 Adjustment.

The Exchange Rate shall be adjusted accordingly if there is: (a) any subdivision (by any stock or unit split, stock or unit dividend or distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock or unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the shares of Class B Common Stock or Common Units that is not accompanied by a substantively identical subdivision or combination of the Class A Common Stock; or (b) any subdivision (by any stock or unit split, stock or unit dividend or distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock or unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the shares of Class A Common Stock that is not accompanied by a substantively identical subdivision or combination of the shares of Class B Common Stock or Common Units. To the extent not reflected in an adjustment to the Exchange Rate, if there is any reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction in which the Class A Common Stock is converted or changed or exchanged into or for another security, securities or other property, then upon any subsequent Exchange, an exchanging Member shall be entitled to receive the amount of such security, securities or other property that such exchanging Member would have received if such Exchange had occurred immediately prior to the effective date of such reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction, taking into account any adjustment as a result of any subdivision (by any split, distribution or dividend, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of such security, securities or other property that occurs after the effective time of such reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other

 

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similar transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, if there is any reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar transaction in which the Class A Common Stock is converted or changed or exchanged into or for another security, securities or other property, this Section  2.2 shall continue to be applicable, mutatis mutandis , with respect to such security or other property.

Section 2.3 Class A Common Stock to be Issued.

(a) Pubco shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of issuance upon an Exchange, such number of shares of Class A Common Stock as shall be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Common Units; provided , however, that nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude Pubco from satisfying its obligations in respect of any such Exchange by delivery of unencumbered purchased shares of Class A Common Stock (which may or may not be held in the treasury of Pubco or any subsidiary thereof).

(b) Pubco has taken and will take all such steps as may be required to cause to qualify for exemption under Rule 16b-3(d) or (e), as applicable, under the Exchange Act, and be exempt for purposes of Section 16(b) under the Exchange Act, any acquisitions or dispositions of equity securities of Pubco (including derivative securities with respect thereto) and any securities that may be deemed to be equity securities or derivative securities of Pubco for such purposes that result from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, by each director or officer of Pubco (including directors-by-deputization) who may reasonably be expected to be subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to Pubco upon the registration of any class of equity security of Pubco pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act (with the authorizing resolutions specifying the name of each such officer or director whose acquisition or disposition of securities is to be exempted and the number of securities that may be acquired and disposed of by each such Person pursuant to this Agreement).

(c) If any Takeover Law or other similar law or regulation becomes or is deemed to become applicable to this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby, Pubco shall use its reasonable best efforts to render such law or regulation inapplicable to all of the foregoing.

(d) Pubco covenants that all shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon an Exchange will, upon issuance, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to any preemptive right of stockholders of Pubco or to any right of first refusal or other right in favor of any Person.

Section 2.4 Withholding; Certification of Non-Foreign Status.

(a) If the Corporation or the Company shall be required to withhold any amounts by reason of any federal, state, local or foreign tax rules or regulations in respect of any Exchange, the Corporation or the Company, as the case may be, shall be entitled to take such action as it deems appropriate in order to ensure compliance with such withholding requirements, including, at its option, withholding shares of Class A Common Stock with a fair market value equal to the minimum amount of any taxes that

 

12


the Corporation or the Company, as the case may be, may be required to withhold with respect to such Exchange. To the extent that amounts are (or property is) so withheld and paid over to the appropriate taxing authority, such withheld amounts (or property) shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid (or delivered) to the applicable Member.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, each of the Corporation and the Company may, in its discretion, require that an exchanging Member deliver to the Corporation or the Company, as the case may be, a certification of non-foreign status in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.1445-2(b) prior to an Exchange. In the event the Corporation or the Company has required delivery of such certification but an exchanging Member does not provide such certification, the Corporation or the Company, as the case may be, shall nevertheless deliver or cause to be delivered to the exchanging Member the Class A Common Stock or the Cash Payment in accordance with Section  2.1 , but subject to withholding as provided in Section 2.4(a) .

Section 2.5 Tax Treatment.

Unless otherwise required by applicable law, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that any Exchange with the Company or the Corporation shall be treated as a direct exchange between the Corporation and the Member for U.S. federal and applicable state and local income tax purposes. The parties hereto intend to treat any Exchange consummated hereunder as a taxable sale of the Exchangeable Units by the exchanging Member to the Corporation for U.S. federal and applicable state and local income tax purposes except as otherwise mutually agreed to in writing by the exchanging Member and the Corporation and no party hereto shall take an position inconsistent with such intended tax treatment on any tax return, amendment thereof or any other communication with a taxing authority, in each case unless otherwise required by a “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313 of the Code.

Section 2.6 Contribution of the Corporation.

In connection with any Exchange between a Member and the Corporation, Pubco shall contribute to the Corporation the shares of Class A Common Stock or Cash Payment that the Member is entitled to receive in such Exchange. Unless the Member has timely delivered a Retraction Notice as provided in Section 2.1(a)(vi) , on the Exchange Date (to be effective immediately prior to the close of business on the Exchange Date) (i) Pubco shall make a capital contribution to the Corporation (in the form of the shares of Class A Common Stock or the Cash Payment that the Member is entitled to receive in such Exchange) required under this Section  2.6 , (ii) the Corporation shall transfer such shares of Class A Common Stock or Cash Payment to the exchanging Member, and (iii) in the case of an Exchange for Class A Common Stock, the Company shall issue to the Corporation a number of Class A Common Units equal to the Net Exchanged Unit Amount surrendered by the Member.

Section 2.7 Distributions.

No Exchange will impair the right of an exchanging Member to receive any distribution for periods ending on or prior to the Exchange Date for such Exchange (but for which payment

 

13


had not yet been made with respect to the Exchangeable Units in question at the time the Exchange is consummated); provided that, for purposes of this Section  2.7 , the exchanging Member’s right to receive its pro rata portion of any distribution by the Company in respect of such periods shall not be deemed impaired to the extent that the Company has not paid the Corporation its pro rata portion of such distribution prior to the consummation of the applicable Exchange.

ARTICLE III

Section 3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Corporation.

The Corporation represents and warrants that (i) it is a corporation duly incorporated and is existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, (ii) it has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to deliver the Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms hereof, (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Corporation and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Corporation, including all actions necessary to ensure that the acquisition of shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated hereby, to the fullest extent of each of the Corporation’s Board of Directors’ power and authority and to the extent permitted by law, shall not be subject to any “moratorium,” “control share acquisition,” “business combination,” “fair price” or other form of anti-takeover laws and regulations of any jurisdiction that may purport to be applicable to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (collectively, “ Takeover Laws ”), (iv) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Corporation enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by equitable principles or by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally, and (v) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Corporation and the consummation by the Corporation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (A) result in a violation of the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation or the bylaws of the Corporation or (B) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Corporation is a party, or (C) based on the representations to be made by each Member pursuant to the written election in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto in connection with Exchanges made pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to the Corporation or by which any property or asset of the Corporation is bound or affected, except with respect to clause (B) or (C) for any conflicts, defaults, accelerations, terminations, cancellations or violations that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation or its business, financial condition or results of operations.

Section 3.2 Representations and Warranties of Pubco.

Pubco represents and warrants that (i) it is a corporation duly incorporated and is existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, (ii) it has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and to consummate the

 

14


transactions contemplated hereby and to issue the Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms hereof, (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Pubco and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby (including the issuance of the Class A Common Stock) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Pubco, including all actions necessary to ensure that the acquisition of shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated hereby, to the fullest extent of each of Pubco’s Board of Directors’ power and authority and to the extent permitted by law, shall not be subject to any Takeover Laws, (iv) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Pubco enforceable against Pubco in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by equitable principles or by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally, and (v) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Pubco and the consummation by Pubco of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (A) result in a violation of the certificate of incorporation of Pubco or the bylaws of Pubco or (B) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which Pubco is a party, or (C) based on the representations to be made by each Member pursuant to the written election in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto in connection with Exchanges made pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to Pubco or by which any property or asset of Pubco is bound or affected, except with respect to clause (B) or (C) for any conflicts, defaults, accelerations, terminations, cancellations or violations that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Pubco or its business, financial condition or results of operations.

Section 3.3 Representations and Warranties of the Company.

The Company represents and warrants that (i) it is a limited liability company duly formed and is existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, (ii) it has all requisite power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, (iii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company, (iv) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by equitable principles or by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally, (v) it is an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is not classified as a “publicly traded partnership” as defined under Section 7704 of the Code, and (vi) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (A) result in a violation of the certificate of formation of the Company or the LLC Agreement or (B) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company is a party, or (C) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to the Company or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, except with respect to clause (B) or (C) for any conflicts, defaults, accelerations, terminations, cancellations or violations that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company or its business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

15


Section 3.4 Representations and Warranties of the Members.

Each Member, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants that (i) if it is not a natural person, that it is duly incorporated or formed and, to the extent such concept exists in its jurisdiction of organization, is existing and in good standing under the laws of such jurisdiction, (ii) it has all requisite legal capacity and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, (iii) if it is not a natural person, the execution and delivery of this Agreement by it and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other entity action on the part of such Member, (iv) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Member enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by equitable principles or by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally and (v) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such Member and the consummation by such Member of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (A) if it is not a natural person, result in a violation of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents of such Member, (B) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which such Member is a party or by which any property or asset of such Member is bound or affected, or (C) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to such Member, except with respect to clause (B) or (C) for any conflicts, defaults, accelerations, terminations, cancellations or violations that would not in any material respect result in the unenforceability against such Member of this Agreement.

ARTICLE IV

Section 4.1 Notices.

All notices, demands or other communications to be given or delivered under or by reason of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given or made when (a) delivered personally to the recipient, (b) delivered by means of electronic mail (with hard copy sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) that same day) if emailed before 5:00 p.m. Phoenix, Arizona time on a Business Day, and otherwise on the next Business Day, or (c) one (1) Business Day after being sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid). Such notices, demands and other communications shall be sent to the address for such recipient set forth in the Company’s books and records (or below, with respect to the Corporation), or to such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party.

 

16


If to the Company, the Corporation or Pubco to :

c/o Carvana Co.

4020 E. Indian School Road

Phoenix, AZ 85018

Telephone: (602) 852-6604

Attention: Paul Breaux, General Counsel

E-mail: paul.breaux@carvana.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice to the Company, the Corporation or Pubco) to :

Kirkland & Ellis LLP

300 North LaSalle

Chicago, IL 60654

Telephone: (312) 862-2133

Attention: Robert M. Hayward, P.C.

E-mail: robert.hayward@kirkland.com

Section 4.2 Permitted Transferees.

To the extent that a Member (or an applicable Permitted Transferee of such Member) validly transfers after the date hereof any or all of its Common Units and corresponding shares of Class B Common Stock after taking into account the Exchange Rate (to the extent that such Member holds such shares), to a Permitted Transferee of such Person or to any other Person in a transaction not in contravention of, and in accordance with, the LLC Agreement, then the transferee thereof shall have the right to execute and deliver a joinder to this Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B. Upon execution of any such joinder, such transferee shall, with respect to such transferred Common Units and shares of Class B Common Stock (to the extent that such Member holds such shares), be entitled to all of the rights and bound by each of the obligations applicable to the relevant transferor hereunder; provided that the transferor shall remain entitled to all of the rights and bound by each of the obligations with respect to Common Units and shares of Class B Common Stock (to the extent that such Member holds such shares) that were not so transferred.

Section 4.3 Severability.

The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable and the invalidity or unenforceability of any provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions hereof. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof to any Person or entity or any circumstance, is found to be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, (a) a suitable and equitable provision shall be substituted therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and enforceable, the intent and purpose of such invalid or unenforceable provision and (b) the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such invalidity or unenforceability, nor shall such invalidity or unenforceability affect the validity or enforceability of such provision, or the application thereof, in any other jurisdiction.

 

17


Section 4.4 Counterparts.

This Agreement and any amendments may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts and delivered via facsimile or .pdf, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same document. The signature of any party to any counterpart shall be deemed a signature to, and may be appended to, any other counterpart.

Section 4.5 Entire Agreement.

This Agreement together with the LLC Agreement and the Tax Receivables Agreement (a) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior agreements, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and (b) is not intended to confer upon any Person, other than the parties hereto and their Permitted Transferees, any rights or remedies hereunder.

Section 4.6 Further Assurances.

Each party hereto shall execute, deliver, acknowledge and file such other documents and take such further actions as may be reasonably requested from time to time by any other party hereto to give effect to and carry out the transactions contemplated herein.

Section 4.7 Governing Law.

This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.

Section 4.8 Consent to Jurisdiction.

Each party hereto irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the State of Delaware and the state courts of the State of Delaware for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby. Each party hereto further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by United States certified or registered mail (in each such case, prepaid return receipt requested) to such party’s respective address set forth in the Company’s books and records or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party shall be effective service of process in any action, suit or proceeding in Delaware with respect to any matters to which it has submitted to jurisdiction as set forth above in the immediately preceding sentence. Each party hereto irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware or the state courts of the State of Delaware and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

 

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Section 4.9 Waiver of Jury Trial.

BECAUSE DISPUTES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH COMPLEX TRANSACTIONS ARE MOST QUICKLY AND ECONOMICALLY RESOLVED BY AN EXPERIENCED AND EXPERT PERSON AND THE PARTIES WISH APPLICABLE STATE AND FEDERAL LAWS TO APPLY (RATHER THAN ARBITRATION RULES), THE PARTIES DESIRE THAT THEIR DISPUTES BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE APPLYING SUCH APPLICABLE LAWS. THEREFORE, TO ACHIEVE THE BEST COMBINATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND OF ARBITRATION, EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING THE COMPANY) HEREBY WAIVES ALL RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN OR AMONG ANY OF THE PARTIES HERETO, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF, CONNECTED WITH, RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND/OR THE RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED AMONG THE PARTIES HEREUNDER.

Section 4.10 Amendments.

The provisions of this Agreement may be amended only by the affirmative vote or written consent of each of (i) the Corporation, (ii) the Company and (iii) Members holding a majority of the then outstanding Class A Common Units (excluding Class A Common Units held by the Corporation); provided that no amendment may disproportionately affect the rights of a Member compared to other Members without the consent of such Member. No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

Section 4.11 Assignment.

Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights or obligations hereunder shall be assigned by any of the parties hereto without the prior written consent of the other parties. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties and their respective successors, assigns and Permitted Transferees.

Section 4.12 Independent Obligations.

The obligations of each Member hereunder are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Member, and no Member shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Member under hereunder. The decision of each Member to enter into to this Agreement has been made by such Member independently of any other Member. Nothing contained herein, and no action taken by any Member pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Members as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Members are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

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Section 4.13 Specific Enforcement.

The parties hereto acknowledge that the remedies at law of the other parties for a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement would be inadequate and, in recognition of this fact, any party to this Agreement, without posting any bond, and in addition to all other remedies that may be available, shall be entitled to equitable relief in the form of specific performance, a temporary restraining order, a temporary or permanent injunction or any other equitable remedy that may then be available.

[Signature Pages to Follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized representatives as of the day and year first above written.

 

CARVANA CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name: Paul Breaux

Title: Vice President, General Counsel and

Secretary

CARVANA CO. SUB LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name: Paul Breaux

Title: Vice President, General Counsel and

Secretary

CARVANA GROUP, LLC
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name: Paul Breaux

Title: Vice President, General Counsel and

Secretary

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


CAO INVESTMENTS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Javier Aldrete

Name:   Javier Aldrete
Title:   Secretary

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


ERNEST C. GARCIA II, a Member
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


DRIVETIME CAR SALES AND FINANCE
COMPANY, LLC, a Member
By:  

/s/ Kurt Wood

Name:   Kurt Wood
Its:   CFO

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


ERNEST C. GARCIA III, a Member
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia III

  Ernest C. Garcia III

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


ERNEST GARCIA III MULTI-GENERATIONAL TRUST III, a Member
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


ERNEST IRREVOCABLE 2004 TRUST III, a Member
By:  

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:   Steven P. Johnson
Its:   Administrative Trustee
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia II
Its:   Investment Trustee

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


2014 FIDEL FAMILY TRUST DATED JUNE 16, 2014, a Member
By:  

/s/ Kathryn L. Fidel

Name:   Kathryn L. Fidel
Its:   Trustee

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


CVAN HOLDINGS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kelly Van Meter

Name:   Kelly Van Meter
Title:   Vice President

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


GV AUTO I, LLC, a Member
By:   Georgiana Ventures, LLC
Its:   Manager
By:  

/s/ Ira J. Platt

Name:   Ira J. Platt
Its:   Manager

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


John O’Dell, a Member
By:  

/s/ John O’ Dell

Name:   John O’ Dell

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Adrienne Sanford

,a Member

By:  

/s/ Adrienne Sanford

Name:   Adrienne Sanford

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Alex Devkar
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Alex Devkar

Name:   Alex Devkar

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Benjamin Huston, a Member
By:  

/s/ Benjamin Huston

Name:   Benjamin Huston

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Bobby Borszich
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Bobby Borszich

Name:   Bobby Borszich

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Ira Platt, a Member
By:  

/s/ Ira Platt

Name:   Ira Platt

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Bret Sassenberg
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Bret Sassenberg

Name:   Bret Sassenberg

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Brian Henze
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Brian Henze

Name:   Brian Henze

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Carl Bailey
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Carl Bailey

Name:   Carl Bailey

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Cem Vardar
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Cem Vardar

Name:   Cem Vardar

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Chris Aylward
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Chris Aylward

Name:   Chris Aylward

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Chris Santone
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Chris Santone

Name:   Chris Santone

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Christina Keiser
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Christina Keiser

Name:   Christina Keiser

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Christopher Olson
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Christopher Olson

Name:   Christopher Olson

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Dan Gill
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Dan Gill

Name:   Dan Gill

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


David Fye
,a Member
By:  

/s/ David Fye

Name:   David Fye

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


David Ledford
,a Member
By:  

/s/ David Ledford

Name:   David Ledford

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Don Webster
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Don Webster

Name:   Don Webster

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Ellen Williams
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ellen Williams

Name:   Ellen Williams

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Eric Blatz
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Eric Blatz

Name:   Eric Blatz

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Glenn Kees
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Glenn Kees

Name:   Glenn Kees

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Imran Kazi
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Imran Kazi

Name:   Imran Kazi

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jared Foster
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jared Foster

Name:   Jared Foster

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jason Scott
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jason Scott

Name:   Jason Scott

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jason Tucker
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jason Tucker

Name:   Jason Tucker

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jeff McLellan
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jeff McLellan

Name:   Jeff McLellan

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jennifer M Stanford
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jennifer M Stanford

Name:   Jennifer M Stanford

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jessica Querin
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jessica Querin

Name:   Jessica Querin

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jim Naylor
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jim Naylor

Name:   Jim Naylor

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


John Mckeon
,a Member
By:  

/s/ John Mckeon

Name:   John Mckeon

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


John Piatak
,a Member
By:  

/s/ John Piatak

Name:   John Piatak

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jon Seitel
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jon Seitel

Name:   Jon Seitel

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Jonathon McCutcheon
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Jonathon McCutcheon

Name:   Jonathon McCutcheon

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Joshua Roger Dollison
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Joshua Roger Dollison

Name:   Joshua Roger Dollison

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Justin Graham
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Justin Graham

Name:   Justin Graham

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Keith Dunlap
,a Member
By:  

/s/ Keith Dunlap

Name:   Keith Dunlap

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Kevin Coyle
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Kevin Coyle

Name:   Kevin Coyle

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Leonid Epshtein
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Leonid Epshtein

Name:   Leonid Epshtein

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Mark Jenkins
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Mark Jenkins

Name:   Mark Jenkins

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Matthew Dundas
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Matthew Dundas

Name:   Matthew Dundas

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Michael Grantham
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Michael Grantham

Name:   Michael Grantham

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Mike McKeever
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Mike McKeever

Name:   Mike McKeever

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Michael Rennie Jr.
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Michael Rennie Jr.

Name:    Michael Rennie Jr.

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Milton Moskowitz
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Milton Moskowitz

Name:   Milton Moskowitz

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Nate Fuller
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Nate Fuller

Name:   Nate Fuller

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Nemanja Samailovic
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Nemanja Samailovic

Name:   Nemanja Samailovic

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Paul Breaux
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Breaux

Name:   Paul Breaux

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Paul Curry
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Curry

Name:   Paul Curry

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Paul Keister
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Paul Keister

Name:   Paul Keister

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Richard Ball
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Richard Ball

Name:   Richard Ball

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Ryan Blatz
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ryan Blatz

Name:   Ryan Blatz

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Ryan Keeton
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Ryan Keeton

Name:   Ryan Keeton

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Scott Wood
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Scott Wood

Name:   Scott Wood

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Sean Dupre
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Sean Dupre

Name:   Sean Dupre

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Sidney Bridges
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Sidney Bridges

Name:   Sidney Bridges

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Stella WenxingLiu
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Stella WenxingLiu

Name:   Stella WenxingLiu

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Suhail Bayot
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Suhail Bayot

Name:   Suhail Bayot

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Teresa Aragon
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Teresa Aragon

Name:   Teresa Aragon

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Will Adams
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Will Adams

Name:   Will Adams

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Zachary Huber
  ,a Member
By:  

/s/ Zachary Huber

Name:   Zachary Huber

[Signature Page to Exchange Agreement]


Exhibit A

[Form of]

Exchange Notice

Carvana Co. Sub LLC

c/o Carvana Co.

4020 E. Indian School Road

Phoenix, AZ 85018

Telephone: (602) 852-6604

Attention: Ernest C. Garcia III, Paul Breaux

Email: ernie.garcia@carvana.com, paul.breaux@carvana.com

Reference is hereby made to the Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2017 (as amended from time to time, the “ Exchange Agreement ”), by and among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (“ Pubco ”), Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (the “ Corporation ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), and the holders from time to time of the Company’s Common Units listed on the signature pages to the Exchange Agreement as “Members” (collectively, the “ Members ” and individually, a “ Member ”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Exchange Agreement.

The undersigned Member hereby transfers to the Corporation (or the Company, if applicable) effective as of the Exchange Date, the number of Exchangeable Units in Exchange for either shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued in its name as set forth below or, at the option of the Corporation, the Cash Payment payable to the account set forth below, in accordance with the terms of the Exchange Agreement.

Legal Name of Member: [•]

Address: [•]

Number and Type of Exchangeable Units to be Exchanged: [•]

Participation Threshold(s) of such Exchangeable Units (if any): [•]

Number of shares of Class B Common Stock to be Exchanged (if any) : [•]

Please write the words “Elect Out” in the following space and provide your initials next to those words if you wish to elect out of the last sentence of Section 3.1(a) of the Tax Receivable Agreement:

 

 

If the Corporation elects a Cash Payment:

Account Number: [•]


Legal Name of Account Holder: [•]

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that (i) the undersigned has full legal capacity to execute and deliver this Exchange Notice and to perform the undersigned’s obligations hereunder; (ii) this Exchange Notice has been duly executed and delivered by the undersigned and is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the undersigned enforceable against it in accordance with the terms thereof or hereof, as the case may be, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and the availability of equitable remedies; (iii) the Exchangeable Units and shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) subject to this Exchange Notice are being transferred to the Corporation (or the Company, if applicable) free and clear of any Liens; (iv) no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of any third party or with any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the undersigned, the Exchanged Units or shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) subject to this Exchange Notice is required to be obtained by the undersigned for the transfer of such Exchanged Units or shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) to the Corporation; and (v) the undersigned is either not currently in possession of material non-public information concerning Pubco or will not be in possession of such material non-public information at the time the shares of Class A Common Stock are sold by the undersigned in any public sale.

The undersigned hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints any officer of Pubco, the Corporation or the Company as the attorney of the undersigned, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in the premises, to do any and all things and to take any and all actions that may be necessary to transfer to the Corporation (or the Company, if applicable) the Exchanged Units and shares of Class B Common Stock (if any) subject to this Exchange Notice and to deliver to the undersigned the shares of Class A Common Common Stock or Cash Payment to be delivered in Exchange therefor.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, but authority duly given, has caused this Exchange Notice to be executed and delivered by the undersigned or by its duly authorized attorney.

 

[•]

 

Name:

Title:

Dated:                                                                                             

A2


Exhibit B

[Form of]

Joinder

This Joinder (“ Joinder ”) is a joinder to the Exchange Agreement, dated as of [•], 2017 (as amended from time to time, the “ Exchange Agreement ”), by and among Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation (“ Pubco ”), Carvana Co. Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (the “ Corporation ”), Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), and the holders from time to time of the Company’s Common Units listed on the signature pages to the Exchange Agreement as “Members” (collectively, the “ Members ” and individually, a “ Member ”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Exchange Agreement.

The Company, the Corporation, Pubco and the undersigned agree that all questions concerning the construction, validity and interpretation of this Joinder shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule, notwithstanding that public policy in Delaware or any other forum jurisdiction might indicate that the laws of that or any other jurisdiction should otherwise apply based on contacts with such state or otherwise. In the event of any conflict between this Joinder and the Exchange Agreement, the terms of this Joinder shall control.

The undersigned, having acquired Common Units and, if applicable, shares of Class B Common Stock, hereby joins and enters into the Exchange Agreement. By signing and returning this Joinder to the Company, the Corporation and Pubco, the undersigned (i) accepts and agrees to be bound by and subject to all of the terms and conditions of and agreements of a Member contained in the Exchange Agreement, with all attendant rights, duties and obligations of a Member thereunder and (ii) makes each of the representations and warranties of a Member set forth in Section  3.4 of the Exchange Agreement as fully as if such representations and warranties were set forth herein. The parties to the Exchange Agreement shall treat the execution and delivery hereof by the undersigned as the execution and delivery of the Exchange Agreement by the undersigned and, upon receipt of this Joinder by the Company, the Corporation and Pubco, the signature of the undersigned set forth below shall constitute a counterpart signature to the signature page of the Agreement.

 

[•]

 

Name:

Title:

Dated:                                                                                             
Address for Notice: [•]

 

Exhibit 10.4

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made as of April 27, 2017, by and among (i) Carvana Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), (ii) Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation ( “ Pubco ”), (iii) the Person listed on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto as of the date hereof, and (iv) each of the other Persons (including Permitted Transferees of the CVAN Investor) set forth from time to time on the Schedule of Investors who, at any time, own securities of the Company or Pubco and enter into a joinder to this Agreement agreeing to be bound by the terms hereof (each Person identified in the foregoing (iii) and (iv), an “ Investor ” and, collectively, the “ Investors ”). Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings set forth in Section  10 hereof.

WHEREAS, certain of the Investors are parties to a Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2015 (the “ July 2015 Purchase Agreement ”), pursuant to which, among other things, such Investors agreed to purchase certain of the Company’s Units;

WHEREAS, in order to induce the Investors to enter into the July 2015 Purchase Agreement and consummate the transactions contemplated thereby, the Company agreed to provide the registration rights set forth in that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2015 (the “ Original Agreement ”);

WHEREAS, certain of the Investors are parties to a Unit Purchase Agreement, dated July 12, 2016 (the “ July 2016 Purchase Agreement ”), pursuant to which, among other things, such Investors agreed to purchase certain of the Company’s Units;

WHEREAS, in order to induce the Investors to enter into the July 2016 Purchase Agreement and consummate the transactions contemplated thereby, the Company agreed to amend and restate the Original Agreement pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 12, 2016 (the “ Existing Agreement ”) to provide the registration rights set forth in the Existing Agreement;

WHEREAS, the Existing Agreement contemplates the reorganization or conversion of the Company into a corporation prior to the Company’s Initial Public Offering but does not contemplate an “Up-C” structure in connection with which proceeds from Pubco’s Initial Public Offering would be contributed to a wholly owned subsidiary (“ Carvana Co. Sub ”) and then used to purchase Units and thereafter Units held by parties other than Carvana Co. Sub would be exchangeable for Common Stock of Pubco (an “ Up-C IPO ”);

WHEREAS, the Company intends to effect an Up-C IPO; and

WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to amend and restate the Existing Agreement in its entirety by entering into this Agreement in order to provide for the Up-C IPO and to make certain other changes to the registration rights of the Investors.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as follows:

 


1. Demand Registrations .

(a) Requests for Registration . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, at any time after 180 days following the consummation of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering pursuant to an Up-C IPO, the holders of Registrable Securities may request registration under the Securities Act of all or any portion of their Registrable Securities on Form S-1 or any similar long-form registration statement (“ Long -Form Registrations ”) or, if available, on Form S-3 (including a shelf registration pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act) or any similar short-form registration statement, including an automatic shelf registration statement (as defined in Rule 405) (an “ Automatic Shelf Registration Statement ”), if available to Pubco (“ Short -Form Registrations ”) in accordance with Section  1(b) and Section  1(c) below (such holders being referred to herein as the “ Initiating Investors ” and all registrations requested by the Initiating Investors being referred to herein as “ Demand Registrations ”). Each request for a Demand Registration shall specify the approximate number of Registrable Securities requested to be registered and the intended method of distribution. Within five days after receipt of any such request, Pubco shall give written notice of such requested registration to all other holders of Registrable Securities and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, shall include in such registration (and in all related registrations and qualifications under state blue sky laws or in compliance with other registration requirements and in any related underwriting) all such Registrable Securities with respect to which Pubco has received written requests for inclusion therein within five days after the receipt of Pubco’s notice. Each holder of Registrable Securities agrees that such holder shall treat as confidential the receipt of the notice of Demand Registration and shall not disclose or use the information contained in such notice of Demand Registration without the prior written consent of Pubco until such time as the information contained therein is or becomes available to the public generally, other than as a result of disclosure by the holder in breach of the terms of this Agreement.

(b) Long -Form Registrations . The holders of a majority of the Controlling Investor Registrable Securities may request one (1) Long-Form Registration in which Pubco shall pay all Registration Expenses whether or not any such Long-Form Registration has become effective; provided that , Pubco shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any Long-Form Registration unless the aggregate market price of the Registrable Securities requested to be registered in such Long-Form Registration exceeds $25,000,000 at the time of request; provided , further , that Pubco shall only be obligated to effect, or take any action to effect, one (1) Long-Form Registration. A registration shall not count as the sole permitted Long-Form Registration until it has become effective and unless the holders of Registrable Securities are able to register and sell at least 90% of the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration; provided that in any event Pubco shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with any registration initiated as a Long-Form Registration whether or not it has become effective and whether or not such registration has counted as one of the permitted Long-Form Registrations hereunder.

(c) Short -Form Registrations . In addition to the Long-Form Registration provided pursuant to Section  1(b) , any Controlling Investor or the holders of a majority of the CVAN Registrable Securities shall be entitled to request an unlimited number of Short-Form Registrations in which Pubco shall pay all Registration Expenses whether or not any such Long-Form Registration has become effective; provided , however , that Pubco shall not be obligated to effect any such Short-Form Registration: (i) if the holders of Registrable Securities, together with the holders of any other securities of Pubco entitled to inclusion in such Short-Form Registration, propose to sell Registrable Securities with an aggregate market price at the time of request of less than $5,000,000, or (ii) if Pubco has, within the twelve (12) month period preceding the date of such request, already effected two (2) Short-Form Registrations for the holders of Registrable Securities pursuant to this Section 1(c) . Demand Registrations shall be Short-Form Registrations whenever Pubco is permitted to use any applicable short form registration and if the managing underwriters (if any) agree to the use of a Short-Form Registration. After Pubco has become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, Pubco shall use its reasonable best efforts to make Short-Form Registrations available for the offer and sale of Registrable

 

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Securities. If Pubco is qualified to and, pursuant to the request of the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities, has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act on Form S-3 pursuant to Rule 415 (a “ Shelf Registration ”), then Pubco shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Shelf Registration to be declared effective under the Securities Act as soon as practicable after filing, and, if Pubco is a WKSI at the time of any such request, to cause such Shelf Registration to be an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement, and once effective, Pubco shall cause such Shelf Registration to remain effective (including by filing a new Shelf Registration, if necessary) for a period ending on the earlier of (i) the date on which all Registrable Securities included in such registration have been sold or distributed pursuant to the Shelf Registration or (ii) the date as of which all of the Registrable Securities included in such registration are able to be sold within a 90-day period in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If for any reason Pubco ceases to be a WKSI or becomes ineligible to utilize Form S-3, Pubco shall prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement or registration statements on such form that is available for the sale of Registrable Securities.

(d) Shelf Takedowns . At any time when a Shelf Registration for the sale or distribution by holders of Registrable Securities on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415, including by way of an underwritten offering, block sale or other distribution plan (a “ Resale Shelf Registration ”) is effective and its use has not been otherwise suspended by Pubco in accordance with the terms of Section 1(c) above, upon a written demand (a “ Takedown Demand ”) by any Controlling Investor or the holders of a majority of the CVAN Registrable Securities that is, in either case, a Shelf Participant holding Registrable Securities at such time (the “ Initiating Holder ”), Pubco will facilitate in the manner described in this Agreement a “takedown” of Registrable Securities off of such Resale Shelf Registration (a “ take down offering ”) and Pubco shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection therewith; provided that Pubco will provide (x) in connection with any non-marketed underwritten takedown offering (other than a Block Trade), at least two (2) Business Days’ notice of such Takedown Demand to each holder of Registrable Securities (other than the Initiating Holder) that is a Shelf Participant, (y) in connection with any Block Trade initiated prior to the three (3) year anniversary of the consummation of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering, notice of such Takedown Demand to each holder of Registrable Securities (other than the Initiating Holder) that is a Shelf Participant no later than noon Eastern time on the Business Day prior to the requested Takedown Demand and (z) in connection with any marketed underwritten takedown offering, at least five (5) Business Days’ notice of such Takedown Demand to each holder of Registrable Securities (other than the Initiating Holder) that is a Shelf Participant. In connection with (x) any non-marketed underwritten takedown offering initiated prior to the three (3) year anniversary of the consummation of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering and (y) any marketed underwritten takedown offering, if any Shelf Participants entitled to receive a notice pursuant to the preceding sentence request inclusion of their Registrable Securities (by notice to Pubco, which notice must be received by Pubco no later than (A) in the case of a non-marketed underwritten takedown offering (other than a Block Trade), the Business Day following the date notice is given to such participant, (B) in the case of a Block Trade, by 10:00 p.m. Eastern time on the date notice is given to such participant and (C) in the case of a marketed underwritten takedown offering, three (3) Business Days following the date notice is given to such participant), the Initiating Holder and the other Shelf Participants that request inclusion of their Registrable Securities shall be entitled to sell their Registrable Securities in such offering subject to Section 1(e) below. Each holder of Registrable Securities that is a Shelf Participant agrees that such holder shall treat as confidential the receipt of the notice of a Takedown Demand and shall not disclose or use the information contained in such notice without the prior written consent of Pubco until such time as the information contained therein is or becomes available to the public generally, other than as a result of disclosure by the holder in breach of the terms of this Agreement.

 

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(e) Priority on Demand Registrations and Takedown Offerings . Pubco shall not include in any Demand Registration that is an underwritten offering any securities that are not Registrable Securities without the prior written consent of the managing underwriters and the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding. If a Demand Registration or a takedown offering is an underwritten offering and the managing underwriters advise Pubco in writing that in their opinion the number of Registrable Securities and, if permitted hereunder, other securities requested to be included in such offering exceeds the number of Registrable Securities and other securities, if any, which can be sold in an orderly manner in such offering within a price range acceptable to the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities held by Initiating Investors, Pubco shall include in such offering prior to the inclusion of any securities which are not Registrable Securities (i)  first , the Class C Unit Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the holders of Class C Unit Registrable Securities, excluding the GV Investor (pro rata among the holders of such Class C Unit Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Class C Unit Registrable Securities owned by each such holder), and (ii)  second , the Controlling Investor Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the Controlling Investors (pro rata among the holders of such Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities owned by each such holder).

(f) Restrictions on Demand Registrations and Takedown Offerings . Any demand for the filing of a registration statement or for a registered offering (including a takedown offering) hereunder will be subject to the constraints of any applicable lock-up arrangements, and any such demand must be deferred until such lock-up arrangements no longer apply.

(i) Pubco shall not be obligated to effect any Demand Registration within 30 days prior to Pubco’s good faith estimate of the date of filing of an underwritten public offering of Pubco’s securities and for such a period of time after such a filing as the managing underwriters request, provided that such period shall not exceed 180 days from the effective date of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering or 90 days from the effective date of any subsequent underwritten public offering of Pubco’s securities. Pubco may postpone, for up to 90 days from the date of the request (the “ Suspension Period ”), the filing or the effectiveness of a registration statement for a Demand Registration or suspend the use of a prospectus that is part of any Shelf Registration (and therefore suspend sales of the Registrable Securities included therein) by providing written notice to the holders of Registrable Securities if Pubco reasonably determines in good faith that the offer or sale of Registrable Securities would be expected to have a material adverse effect on any proposal or plan by Pubco or any subsidiary thereof to engage in any material acquisition or disposition of assets or stock (other than in the ordinary course of business) or any material merger, consolidation, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction or would require Pubco to disclose any material nonpublic information which would reasonably be likely to be detrimental to Pubco and its subsidiaries; provided that in such event, the holders of Registrable Securities initially requesting such Demand Registration or Takedown Demand shall be entitled to withdraw such request. Pubco may delay or suspend the effectiveness of a Demand Registration or takedown offering pursuant to this Section 1(f)(i) only once in any consecutive twelve-month period; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, Pubco may in any event delay or suspend the effectiveness of Demand Registration or takedown offering in the case of an event described under Section 4(f) to enable it to comply with its obligations set forth in Section 4(e). Pubco may extend the Suspension Period for an additional consecutive 60 days with the consent of the Applicable Approving Party.

(ii) In the case of an event that causes Pubco to suspend the use of the Resale Shelf Registration or any Shelf Registration as set forth in Section 1(f)(i) or pursuant to Section 4(f) (a “ Suspension Event ”), Pubco shall give a notice to the holders of Registrable Securities registered pursuant to such Shelf Registration (a “ Suspension Notice ”) to suspend sales of the Registrable Securities and such notice shall state generally the basis for the notice and that such suspension shall continue only for so long as the Suspension Event or its effect is continuing. A holder of Registrable Securities shall not effect any sales of the Registrable Securities pursuant to such Resale Shelf Registration or Shelf Registration (or such filings) at any time after it has received a Suspension Notice from Pubco and prior to receipt of an

 

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End of Suspension Notice (as defined below). Each holder of Registrable Securities agrees that such holder shall treat as confidential the receipt of the Suspension Notice and shall not disclose or use the information contained in such Suspension Notice without the prior written consent of Pubco until such time as the information contained therein is or becomes available to the public generally, other than as a result of disclosure by such holder in breach of the terms of this Agreement. The holders of Registrable Securities may recommence effecting sales of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration (or such filings) following further written notice to such effect (an “ End of Suspension Notice ”) from Pubco, which End of Suspension Notice shall be given by Pubco to the holders of Registrable Securities and to such holders’ counsel, if any, promptly following the conclusion of any Suspension Event.

(iii) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, if Pubco shall give a Suspension Notice with respect to any Shelf Registration pursuant to this Section 1(e) , Pubco agrees that it shall extend the period of time during which such Shelf Registration shall be maintained effective pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period from the date of receipt by the holders of the Suspension Notice to and including the date of receipt by the holders of the End of Suspension Notice and provide copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus necessary to resume sales, with respect to each Suspension Event; provided that such period of time shall not be extended beyond the date that Common Stock covered by such Shelf Registration are no longer Registrable Securities.

(g) Selection of Underwriters . In connection with any Demand Registration, the Applicable Approving Party shall have the right to select the investment banker(s) and manager(s) to administer the offering. If any takedown offering is an underwritten offering, the Applicable Approving Party shall have the right to select the investment banker(s) and manager(s) to administer such takedown offering. In each case, the Applicable Approving Party shall have the right to approve the underwriting arrangements with such investment banker(s) and manager(s) on behalf of all holders of Registrable Securities participating in such offering. All Investors proposing to distribute their securities through underwriting shall (together with Pubco and the Company) enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter or underwriters selected for such underwriting.

(h) Other Registration Rights . Except as provided in this Agreement, Pubco shall not grant to any Persons the right to request Pubco to register any equity securities of Pubco, or any securities, options or rights convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for such securities, without the prior written consent of the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding; provided that Pubco may grant rights to participate in any Piggyback Registrations so long as such rights are subordinate to the priority rights of the Controlling Investors and the CVAN Investors with respect to such Piggyback Registrations as provided in Sections 2(c) and 2(d) below.

(i) Revocation of Demand Notice or Takedown Notice . At any time prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement relating to a Demand Registration or the “pricing” of any offering relating to a Takedown Demand, the holders of Registrable Securities that requested such Demand Registration or takedown offering may revoke such request for a Demand Registration or takedown offering on behalf of all holders of Registrable Securities participating in such Demand Registration or takedown offering without liability to such holders of Registrable Securities, in each case by providing written notice to Pubco.

2. Piggyback Registrations .

(a) Right to Piggyback . Whenever Pubco proposes to register any of its securities under the Securities Act (other than (i) pursuant to a Demand Registration, (ii) pursuant to a Takedown Demand, (iii) in connection with registrations on Form S-4 or S-8 promulgated by the Securities and

 

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Exchange Commission or any successor forms, (iv) a registration relating solely to employment benefit plans, (v) in connection with a registration the primary purpose of which is to register debt securities, or (vi) a registration on any form that does not include substantially the same information as would be required to be included in a registration statement covering the sale of Registrable Securities) and the registration form to be used may be used for the registration of Registrable Securities (a “ Piggyback Registration ”), Pubco shall give prompt written notice to all holders of Registrable Securities of its intention to effect such a Piggyback Registration and, subject to the terms of Sections  2(c) and 2(d) hereof, shall include in such Piggyback Registration (and in all related registrations or qualifications under blue sky laws or in compliance with other registration requirements and in any related underwriting) all Registrable Securities with respect to which Pubco has received written requests for inclusion therein within 10 business days after the delivery of Pubco’s notice; provided that any such other holder may withdraw its request for inclusion at any time prior to executing the underwriting agreement or, if none, prior to the applicable registration statement becoming effective.

(b) Piggyback Expenses . The Registration Expenses of the holders of Registrable Securities shall be paid by Pubco in all Piggyback Registrations, whether or not any such registration became effective.

(c) Priority on Primary Registrations . If a Piggyback Registration is an underwritten primary registration on behalf of Pubco, and the managing underwriters advise Pubco in writing that in their opinion the number of securities requested to be included in such registration exceeds the number of securities which can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the marketability, proposed offering price, timing or method of distribution of the offering, Pubco shall include in such registration (i)  first , the securities Pubco proposes to sell, (ii)  second , the Class C Unit Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the holders of Class C Unit Registrable Securities which, in the opinion of such underwriters, can be sold, without any such adverse effect (pro rata among the holders of such Class C Unit Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Class C Unit Registrable Securities owned by each such holder), (iii) third , the Controlling Investor Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the Controlling Investors which, in the opinion of such underwriters, can be sold, without any such adverse effect (pro rata among the holders of such Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities owned by each such holder), and (iv)  fourth , other securities requested to be included in such registration which, in the opinion of such underwriters, can be sold, without any such adverse effect.

(d) Priority on Secondary Registrations . If a Piggyback Registration is an underwritten secondary registration on behalf of holders of Pubco’s securities other than holders of Registrable Securities, and the managing underwriters advise Pubco in writing that in their opinion the number of securities requested to be included in such registration exceeds the number of securities which can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the marketability, proposed offering price, timing or method of distribution of the offering, Pubco shall include in such registration (i)  first , the securities requested to be included therein by the holders initially requesting such registration and the Class C Unit Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the holders of Class C Unit Registrable Securities (pro rata among the holders of such Class C Unit Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Class C Unit Registrable Securities owned by each such holder), (ii) second , the Controlling Investor Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the Controlling Investors which, in the opinion of such underwriters, can be sold, without any such adverse effect (pro rata among the holders of such Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities owned by each such holder), and (iii)  third , other securities requested to be included in such registration which, in the opinion of such underwriters, can be sold, without any such adverse effect.

 

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(e) Other Registrations . If Pubco has previously filed a registration statement with respect to Registrable Securities pursuant to Section  1 or pursuant to this Section  2 , and if such previous registration has not been withdrawn or abandoned, then Pubco shall not not be required to file or cause to be effected any other registration of any of its equity securities or securities convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for its equity securities under the Securities Act (except on Form S-8 or any successor form) at the request of any holder or holders of such securities until a period of at least 90 days has elapsed from the effective date of such previous registration.

(f) Right to Terminate Registration . Pubco shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under this Section  2 whether or not any holder of Registrable Securities has elected to include securities in such registration. The Registration Expenses of such withdrawn registration shall be borne by Pubco in accordance with Section  6 .

3. Holdback Agreements.

(a) Holders of Registrable Securities . If required by the Applicable Approving Party, each holder of Registrable Securities (in the case of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering) and each holder of 1% or more of the outstanding Registrable Securities (in the case of any other underwritten Public Offering) shall enter into lock-up agreements with the managing underwriter(s) of such underwritten Public Offering in such form as agreed to by the Applicable Approving Party. In the absence of any such lock-up agreement:

(i) each holder of Registrable Securities and each of the directors and executive officers of Pubco or any of its subsidiaries agrees that in connection with Pubco’s Initial Public Offering, such Person shall not (A) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of (including sales pursuant to Rule 144), directly or indirectly, any Capital Stock of Pubco (including Capital Stock of Pubco that may be deemed to be owned beneficially by such Person in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission) (collectively, “ Securities ”), (B) enter into a transaction which would have the same effect as described in clause (A) above, (C) enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences or ownership of any Securities, whether such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such Securities, in cash or otherwise (each of (A), (B) and (C) above, a “ Sale Transaction ”), or (D) publicly disclose the intention to enter into any Sale Transaction, from the date on which Pubco gives notice to the holders of Registrable Securities that a preliminary prospectus has been circulated for such Initial Public Offering to the date that is 180 days following the date of the final prospectus for such IPO (the “ Holdback Period ”), unless the Applicable Approving Party and the underwriters managing the IPO otherwise agree in writing;

(ii) each holder of at least 1% of the outstanding Registrable Securities and each of the directors and executive officers of Pubco or any of its subsidiaries agrees that in connection with any non-marketed underwritten takedown offering, such Person shall not effect any Sale Transaction from the date on which Pubco gives notice to the holders of Registrable Securities of the Public Offering to the earlier of (A) the date that is 45 days following the date of the final prospectus for such Public Offering and (B) the date on which such shelf takedown offering is otherwise abandoned (a “ Block Holdback Period ”), unless the Applicable Approving Party and the underwriters managing the such Public Offering otherwise agree in writing; and

(iii) each holder of at least 1% of the outstanding Registrable Securities and each of the directors and executive officers of Pubco or any of its Subsidiaries agrees that in connection with all other underwritten Public Offerings other than those covered by clauses (i) and (ii) above, such Person shall not effect any Sale Transaction from the date on which Pubco gives notice to the holders of Registrable Securities of the circulation of a preliminary or final prospectus for such Public Offering to

 

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the date that is 60 days following the date of the final prospectus for such Public Offering (a “ Marketed Holdback Period ” and, together with a Block Holdback Period, a “ Follow-On Holdback Period ”), unless, if an underwritten Public Offering, the Applicable Approving Party and the underwriters managing such Public Offering otherwise agree in writing.

Pubco may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the shares of Common Stock (or other securities) subject to the restrictions set forth in this Section 3(a) until the end of such period.

(b) Pubco (i) shall not file any registration statement for a Public Offering or cause any such registration statement to become effective, or effect any public sale or distribution of its equity securities, or any securities, options or rights convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities during any Holdback Period or Follow-On Holdback Period, and (ii) shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause (A) each holder of at least 1% (on a fully-diluted basis) of its Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock, purchased from Pubco at any time after the date of this Agreement (other than in a Public Offering) and (B) each of its directors and executive officers to agree not to effect any Sale Transaction or publicly disclose the intention to enter into any Sale Transaction during any Holdback Period or Follow-On Holdback Period, except as part of such underwritten registration, if otherwise permitted, unless the underwriters managing the Public Offering otherwise agree in writing.

4. Registration Procedures . Whenever the holders of Registrable Securities have requested that any Registrable Securities be registered pursuant to this Agreement or have initiated a takedown offering, Pubco shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration and the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof, and pursuant thereto Pubco shall as expeditiously as reasonably possible:

(a) prepare in accordance with the Securities Act and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement, and all amendments and supplements thereto and related prospectuses as may be necessary to comply with applicable securities laws, with respect to such Registrable Securities and use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective ( provided that before filing a registration statement or prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, Pubco shall furnish to counsel selected by the Applicable Approving Party copies of all such documents proposed to be filed, which documents shall be subject to the review and comment of such counsel);

(b) notify each holder of Registrable Securities of (A) the issuance by the Securities and Exchange Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose, (B) the receipt by Pubco or its counsel of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose, and (C) the effectiveness of each registration statement filed hereunder;

(c) prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission such amendments and supplements to such registration statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep such registration statement effective for a period ending when all of the securities covered by such registration statement have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of distribution by the sellers thereof set forth in such registration statement (but not in any event before the expiration of any longer period required under the Securities Act or, if such registration statement relates to an underwritten Public Offering, such longer period as in the opinion of counsel for the underwriters a prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with sale of Registrable Securities by an underwriter or dealer) and comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement during such period in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the sellers thereof set forth in such registration statement;

 

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(d) furnish to each seller of Registrable Securities thereunder such number of copies of such registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included in such registration statement (including each preliminary prospectus), each Free Writing Prospectus and such other documents as such seller may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such seller;

(e) use its reasonable best efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Securities under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as the lead underwriter or the Applicable Approving Party reasonably requests and do any and all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such seller to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities owned by such seller (provided that Pubco shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section  4(e) (ii) consent to general service of process in any such jurisdiction) or (C) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction;

(f) promptly notify in writing each seller of such Registrable Securities (i) after it receives notice thereof, of the date and time when such registration statement and each post-effective amendment thereto has become effective or a prospectus or supplement to any prospectus relating to a registration statement has been filed and when any registration or qualification has become effective under a state securities or blue sky law or any exemption thereunder has been obtained, (ii) after receipt thereof, of any request by the Securities and Exchange Commission for the amendment or supplementing of such registration statement or prospectus or for additional information, and (iii) at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, of the happening of any event as a result of which the prospectus included in such registration statement contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits any fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and, at the request of any such seller, Pubco promptly shall prepare, file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and furnish to each such seller a reasonable number of copies of a supplement or amendment to such prospectus so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus shall not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;

(g) cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by Pubco are then listed and, if not so listed, to be listed on a securities exchange and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to arrange for at least two market makers to register as such with respect to such Registrable Securities with FINRA;

(h) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all such Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of such registration statement;

(i) enter into and perform such customary agreements (including underwriting agreements in customary form) and take all such other actions as the Applicable Approving Party or the underwriters, if any, reasonably request in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities (including, without limitation, effecting a stock split or a combination of shares and preparing for and participating in such number of “road shows”, investor presentations and marketing events as the underwriters managing such offering may reasonably request);

 

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(j) make available for inspection by any seller of Registrable Securities, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by any such seller or underwriter, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate and business documents and properties of Pubco as shall be necessary to enable them to exercise their due diligence responsibility, and cause Pubco’s officers, managers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such seller, underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with such registration statement;

(k) take all reasonable actions to ensure that any Free-Writing Prospectus utilized in connection with any Demand Registration (including any Shelf Registration) or Piggyback Registration hereunder complies in all material respects with the Securities Act, is filed in accordance with the Securities Act to the extent required thereby, is retained in accordance with the Securities Act to the extent required thereby and, when taken together with the related prospectus, shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(l) otherwise use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and make available to its security holders, as soon as reasonably practicable, an earnings statement covering the period of at least twelve months beginning with the first day of Pubco’s first full calendar quarter after the effective date of the registration statement, which earnings statement shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158;

(m) permit any holder of Registrable Securities who, in its good faith judgment (based on the advice of counsel), could reasonably be expected to be deemed to be an underwriter or a controlling Person of Pubco to participate in the preparation of such registration or comparable statement and to require the insertion therein of material furnished to Pubco in writing, which in the reasonable judgment of such holder and its counsel should be included;

(n) in the event of the issuance of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a registration statement, or of any order suspending or preventing the use of any related prospectus or suspending the qualification of any Common Stock included in such registration statement for sale in any jurisdiction, Pubco shall use its reasonable best efforts promptly to obtain the withdrawal of such order;

(o) use its reasonable best efforts to cause such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to enable the sellers thereof to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities;

(p) cooperate with the holders of Registrable Securities covered by the registration statement and the managing underwriter or agent, if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legends) representing securities to be sold under the registration statement and enable such securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the managing underwriter, or agent, if any, or such holders may request;

(q) cooperate with each holder of Registrable Securities covered by the registration statement and each underwriter or agent participating in the disposition of such Registrable Securities and their respective counsel in connection with any filings required to be made with FINRA;

(r) if such registration includes an underwritten public offering, use its reasonable best efforts to obtain a cold comfort letter from Pubco’s independent public accountants and addressed to the underwriters, in customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered by cold comfort letters as the underwriters in such registration and the Applicable Approving Party reasonably request;

 

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(s) provide a legal opinion of Pubco’s outside counsel, dated the effective date of such registration statement (and, if such registration includes an underwritten Public Offering, dated the date of the closing under the underwriting agreement), with respect to the registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included therein (including the preliminary prospectus) and such other documents relating thereto in customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered by legal opinions of such nature, which opinion shall be addressed to the underwriters and the holders of such Registrable Securities;

(t) if Pubco files an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement covering any Registrable Securities, use its reasonable best efforts to remain a WKSI (and not become an ineligible issuer (as defined in Rule 405)) during the period during which such Automatic Shelf Registration Statement is required to remain effective;

(u) if Pubco does not pay the filing fee covering the Registrable Securities at the time an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement is filed, pay such fee at such time or times as the Registrable Securities are to be sold; and

(v) subject to the terms of Section 1(c) and Section 1(d) , if an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement has been outstanding for at least three years, at the end of the third year, refile a new Automatic Shelf Registration Statement covering the Registrable Securities, and, if at any time when Pubco is required to re-evaluate its WKSI status Pubco determines that it is not a WKSI, use its reasonable best efforts to refile the registration statement on Form S-3 and keep such registration statement effective (including by filing a new Resale Shelf Registration or Shelf Registration, if necessary) during the period throughout which such registration statement is required to be kept effective.

5. Termination of Rights . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the right of any Investor to include Registrable Securities in any Demand Registration or any Piggyback Registration shall terminate on such date after the consummation of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering that such Investor may sell all of the Registrable Securities owned by such Investor pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act without any restrictions as to volume or the manner of sale or otherwise; provided, however, that with respect to any Investor whose rights have terminated pursuant to this Section  5 , if following such a termination, such Investor loses the ability to sell all of its Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act without any restrictions as to volume or the manner of sale or otherwise due to a change in interpretive guidance by the Securities and Exchange Commission, then such Investor’s right to include Registrable Securities in any Demand Registration or any Piggyback Registration shall be reinstated until such time as the Investor is once again able to sell all of its Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act without any restrictions as to volume or the manner of sale or otherwise.

6. Registration Expenses .

(a) All expenses incident to Pubco’s performance of or compliance with this Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration, qualification and filing fees, fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws, printing expenses, messenger and delivery expenses, fees and disbursements of custodians, and fees and disbursements of counsel for Pubco and all independent certified public accountants, underwriters (excluding underwriting discounts and commissions) and other Persons retained by Pubco (all such expenses being herein called “ Registration Expenses ”), shall be borne by Pubco as provided in this Agreement and, for the avoidance of doubt, Pubco also shall pay all of its

 

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internal expenses (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit or quarterly review, the expense of any liability insurance and the expenses and fees for listing the securities to be registered on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by Pubco are then listed. Each Person that sells securities pursuant to a Demand Registration, a Takedown Demand or Piggyback Registration hereunder shall bear and pay all underwriting discounts and commissions and transfer taxes applicable to the securities sold for such Person’s account.

(b) Pubco shall reimburse the holders of Registrable Securities included in such registration for the reasonable fees and disbursements of one counsel and one local counsel (if necessary) chosen by the Applicable Approving Party for the purpose of rendering a legal opinion on behalf of such holders in connection with any underwritten Demand Registration, takedown offering or Piggyback Registration.

(c) To the extent Registration Expenses are not required to be paid by Pubco, each holder of securities included in any registration hereunder shall pay those Registration Expenses allocable to the registration of such holder’s securities so included, and any Registration Expenses not so allocable shall be borne by all sellers of securities included in such registration in proportion to the aggregate selling price of the securities to be so registered.

7. Indemnification .

(a) Pubco agrees to (i) indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each Investor and their respective officers, directors, members, partners, agents, affiliates and employees and each Person who controls such Investor (within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act) against all losses, claims, actions, damages, liabilities and expenses caused by (A) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in any registration statement, prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (B) any violation or alleged violation by Pubco of the Securities Act or any other similar federal or state securities laws or any rule or regulation promulgated thereunder applicable to Pubco and relating to action or inaction required of Pubco in connection with any such registration, qualification or compliance, and (ii) pay to each Investor and their respective officers, directors, members, partners, agents, affiliates and employees and each Person who controls such Investor (within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act), as incurred, any legal and any other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with investigating, preparing or defending any such claim, loss, damage, liability or action, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained in any information furnished in writing to Pubco or any managing underwriter by such Investor expressly for use therein; provided , however , that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section  7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such claim, loss, damage, liability or action if such settlement is effected without the consent of Pubco (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. conditioned or delayed), nor shall Pubco be liable in any such case for any such claim, loss, damage, liability or action to the extent that it solely arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement of any material fact contained in the registration statement or omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the registration statement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by such Investor expressly for use in connection with such registration statement. In connection with an underwritten offering, Pubco shall indemnify any underwriters or deemed underwriters, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such underwriters (within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act) to the same extent as provided above with respect to the indemnification of the holders of Registrable Securities.

 

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(b) In connection with any registration statement in which a holder of Registrable Securities is participating, each such holder shall furnish to Pubco in writing such information and affidavits as Pubco reasonably requests for use in connection with any such registration statement or prospectus and, to the extent permitted by law, shall indemnify Pubco, its officers, directors, employees, agents and representatives and each Person who controls Pubco (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses resulting from any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in the registration statement, prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing by such holder; provided that the obligation to indemnify shall be individual, not joint and several, for each holder and shall be limited to the net amount of proceeds actually received by such holder from the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration statement.

(c) Any Person entitled to indemnification hereunder shall (i) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with respect to which it seeks indemnification ( provided that the failure to give prompt notice shall not impair any Person’s right to indemnification hereunder to the extent such failure has not materially prejudiced the indemnifying party) and (ii) unless in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not be subject to any liability for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). An indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to, assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of more than one counsel for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and any other of such indemnified parties with respect to such claim. In such instance, the conflicted indemnified parties shall have a right to retain one separate counsel, chosen by the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities included in the registration, at the expense of the indemnifying party. No indemnifying party, in the defense of such claim or litigation, shall, except with the consent of each indemnified party, consent to the entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such indemnified party of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation.

(d) Each party hereto agrees that, if for any reason the indemnification provisions contemplated by Section s  7(a) or 7(b) are unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in connection with the actions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such indemnifying party and indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact, relates to information supplied by such indemnifying party or indemnified party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The parties hereto agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section  7(d) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the holders or any underwriters or all of them were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section  7(d) . The amount paid or payable by an

 

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indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or, except as provided in Section  7(c) , defending any such action or claim. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The sellers’ obligations in this Section  7(d) to contribute shall be several in proportion to the amount of securities registered by them and not joint and shall be limited to an amount equal to the net proceeds actually received by such seller from the sale of Registrable Securities effected pursuant to such registration.

(e) The indemnification and contribution provided for under this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the indemnified party or any officer, director or controlling Person of such indemnified party and shall survive the transfer of Registrable Securities and the termination or expiration of this Agreement.

8. Participation in Underwritten Registrations . No Person may participate in any registration hereunder which is underwritten unless such Person (a) agrees to sell such Person’s securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Person or Persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements (including, without limitation, pursuant to any over-allotment or “green shoe” option requested by the underwriters; provided that no holder of Registrable Securities shall be required to sell more than the number of Registrable Securities such holder has requested to include) and (b) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, custody agreements, stock powers, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements; provided that no holder of Registrable Securities included in any underwritten registration shall be required to make any representations or warranties to Pubco or the underwriters (other than representations and warranties regarding such holder, such holder’s title to the securities, such Person’s authority to sell such securities and such holder’s intended method of distribution) or to undertake any indemnification obligations to Pubco or the underwriters with respect thereto that are materially more burdensome than those provided in Section  7 . Each holder of Registrable Securities shall execute and deliver such other agreements as may be reasonably requested by Pubco and the lead managing underwriter(s) that are consistent with such holder’s obligations under Section  3 , Section  4 and this Section  7 or that are necessary to give further effect thereto. To the extent that any such agreement is entered into pursuant to, and consistent with, Section  3 and this Section  7 , the respective rights and obligations created under such agreement shall supersede the respective rights and obligations of the holders, Pubco and the underwriters created pursuant to this Section  7 .

9. Other Agreements . At all times after Pubco has filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, Pubco agrees to use best efforts to file all reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder and shall take such further action as the Investors may reasonably request, all to the extent required to enable such Persons to sell securities pursuant to (a) Rule 144 adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act (as such rule may be amended from time to time) or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission or (b) a registration statement on Form S-3 or any similar registration form hereafter adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Upon request, Pubco shall deliver to the Investors a written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements. Pubco shall at all times after it has consummated an Initial Public Offering use its reasonable best efforts to cause the securities so registered to be listed on one or more of the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Stock Market.

 

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10. Definitions .

(a) “ Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

(b) “ Applicable Approving Party ” means (i) if the Controlling Investor is participating in the applicable offering, the Controlling Investor, or (ii) if the Controlling Investor is not participating in the applicable offering, the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities participating in the applicable offering.

(c) “ April 2016 Unit Purchase Agreements ” means, together, (a) that certain Unit Purchase Agreement, dated April 27, 2016, by and between the Company and the Ernest C. Garcia II, and (b) that certain Unit Purchase Agreement, dated April 27, 2016, by and between the Company and the Ernest C. Garcia II.

(d) “ Block Holdback Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(ii) .

(e) “ Block Trade ” means any non-marketed underwritten takedown offering taking the form of a bought deal or block sale to a financial institution.

(f) “ Business Day ” means any day that is not a Saturday or Sunday or a legal holiday in the state in which Pubco’s chief executive office is located or in New York, NY.

(g) “ Capital Stock ” means (i) with respect to any Person that is a corporation, any and all shares, interests or equivalents in capital stock of such corporation (whether voting or nonvoting and whether common or preferred) and (ii) with respect to any Person that is not a corporation, individual or governmental entity, any and all partnership, membership, limited liability company or other equity interests of such Person that confer on the holder thereof the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or the distribution of assets of, the issuing Person, including in each case any and all warrants, rights (including conversion and exchange rights) and options to purchase any of the foregoing.

(h) “ Class C Unit Registrable Securities ” means Registrable Securities issued with respect to (i) any Units issued to the CVAN Investor in exchange for Company securities purchased pursuant to the July 2015 Purchase Agreement or the July 2016 Purchase Agreement, (ii) any Units issued to the GV Investor in exchange for Company securities purchased pursuant to the July 2016 Purchase Agreement, and (iii) any Units issued to Ernest C. Garcia II in exchange for Company securities purchased pursuant to the April 2016 Purchase Agreements.

(i) “ Common Stock ” means the Class A Common Stock of Pubco.

(j) “ Company ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

(k) “ Controlling Investors ” means Ernest C. Garcia II, Ernest C. Garcia III, Ernest Garcia II Multi-Generational Trust III and Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust, and each of such Person’s Permitted Transferees, in each case only so long as such Person continues to hold Units.

(l) “ Controlling Investor Registrable Securities ” means the Registrable Securities held by the Controlling Investors to the extent such Registrable Securities are not Class C Unit Registrable Securities.

(m) “ CVAN Investor ” means CVAN Holdings, LLC (f/k/a Carvana Holdings, LLC), a Delaware limited liability company.

 

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(n) “ CVAN Registrable Securities ” means the Registrable Securities held by the CVAN Investors and their Permitted Transferees other than any Permitted Transferee Without Registration Rights. All CVAN Registrable Securities shall be deemed to be Class C Unit Registrable Securities.

(o) “ Demand Registrations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a) .

(p) “ End of Suspension Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(g)(ii) .

(q) “ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor federal law then in force, together with all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(r) “ FINRA ” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(s) “ Free-Writing Prospectus ” means a free-writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

(t) “ GV Investor ” means GV Auto I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

(u) “ Holdback Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(i) .

(v) “ Initial Public Offering ” means an initial public offering of equity securities under the Securities Act.

(w) “ Initiating Investors ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a) .

(x) “ Investor ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

(y) “ IPO Holdback Period ” has the meaning set forth in the Section 3(a) .

(z) “ July 2015 Purchase Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

(aa) “ July 2016 Purchase Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

(bb) “ LLC Agreemen t” means the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Carvana Group, LLC, dated as of or about the date hereof, by and among the Company, Pubco and the other members of Carvana Group, LLC (as the same may be amended, supplemented or modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof).

(cc) “ Long-Form Registrations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a) .

(dd) “ Marketed Holdback Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(iii) .

(ee) “ Permitted Transferee ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.

(ff) “ Permitted Transferee Without Registration Rights ” means any Permitted Transferee of the CVAN Investor holding CVAN Registrable Securities that may be sold under Rule 144(b)(1)(i) without limitation under any of the other requirements of Rule 144 (as confirmed by an opinion of Pubco’s counsel).

 

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(gg) “ Person ” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization and a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof.

(hh) “ Piggyback Registration ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a) .

(ii) “ Public Offering ” means any sale or distribution by Pubco and/or holders of Registrable Securities to the public of Common Stock pursuant to an offering registered under the Securities Act.

(jj) “ Registration Expenses ” has the meaning set forth in Section  6 .

(kk) “ Registrable Securities ” means (i) any Common Stock issued with respect to or in exchange for any Units held by the Controlling Investors, (ii) any Common Stock issued with respect to or in exchange for any Units issued to the CVAN Investor in exchange for Company securities purchased pursuant to the July 2015 Purchase Agreement or the July 2016 Purchase Agreement, (iii) any Common Stock issued with respect to any Units issued to the GV Investor in exchange for Company securities purchased pursuant to the July 2016 Purchase Agreement, and (iv) any Common Stock issued or issuable with respect to the securities referred to in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above by way of a stock dividend or stock split or in connection with a combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization. As to any particular Registrable Securities, such securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities when they have been sold or distributed to the public pursuant to an offering registered under the Securities Act or sold to the public through a broker, dealer or market maker in compliance with Rule 144 following the consummation of Pubco’s Initial Public Offering or repurchased by Pubco or any Subsidiary. For purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities, and the Registrable Securities shall be deemed to be in existence, whenever such Person has the right to acquire directly or indirectly such Registrable Securities (upon conversion or exercise in connection with a transfer of securities or otherwise, but disregarding any restrictions or limitations upon the exercise of such right), whether or not such acquisition has actually been effected, and such Person shall be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of Registrable Securities hereunder; provided a holder of Registrable Securities may only request that Registrable Securities in the form of Common Stock be registered pursuant to this Agreement.

(ll) “ Rule 144 ”, “ Rule 158 ”, “ Rule 405 ”, “ Rule 415 ” and “ Rule 430B ” mean, in each case, such rule promulgated under the Securities Act (or any successor provision) by the Securities and Exchange Commission, as the same shall be amended from time to time, or any successor rule then in force.

(mm) “ Securities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(i) .

(nn) “ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor federal law then in force, together with all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(oo) “ Shelf Participant ” means any holder of Registrable Securities listed as a potential selling stockholder in connection with the Shelf Registration or any such holder that could be added to such Shelf Registration without the need for a post-effective amendment thereto or added by means of an automatic post-effective amendment thereto.

(pp) “ Shelf Registrations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(c) .

 

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(qq) “ Short-Form Registrations ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a) .

(rr) “ Suspension Event ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(f)(ii) .

(ss) “ Suspension Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(f)(ii) .

(tt) “ Suspension Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(f)(i) .

(uu) “ Takedown Demand ” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(d) .

(vv) “ Units ” means the Company’s common units, as constituted in the LLC Agreement.

(ww) “ WKSI ” means a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined under Rule 405.

11. Miscellaneous .

(a) No Inconsistent Agreements . Neither the Company nor Pubco shall hereafter enter into any agreement with respect to its securities which is inconsistent with or violates the rights granted to the Investors in this Agreement.

(b) Adjustments Affecting Registrable Securities . Pubco shall not take any action, or permit any change to occur, with respect to its securities which would materially and adversely affect the ability of the holders of Registrable Securities to include such Registrable Securities in a registration undertaken pursuant to this Agreement or which would materially and adversely affect the marketability of such Registrable Securities in any such registration (including effecting a split or a combination of securities).

(c) Remedies . Any Person having rights under any provision of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages caused by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages would not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that, in addition to any other rights and remedies existing in its favor, any party shall be entitled to specific performance and/or other injunctive relief from any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting any bond or other security) in order to enforce or prevent violation of the provisions of this Agreement.

(d) Amendments and Waivers . Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of Pubco and the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding; provided that no amendment or waiver that has an adverse effect on any rights which specify the CVAN Investors or the GV Investor (as the case may be) as the beneficiary of such rights shall be binding on such Investors without the prior written consent of the holders of a majority of the related Registrable Securities. Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 11(d) shall be binding upon each Investor, Pubco and the Company. The failure of any party to enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall in no way be construed as a waiver of such provisions and shall not affect the right of such party thereafter to enforce each and every provision of this Agreement in accordance with its terms.

(e) Successors and Assigns . All covenants and agreements in this Agreement by or on behalf of any of the parties hereto shall bind and inure to the benefit of the respective successors and assigns of the parties hereto whether so expressed or not. In addition, whether or not any express assignment has been made, the provisions of this Agreement which are for the benefit of purchasers or holders of Registrable Securities are also for the benefit of, and enforceable by, any subsequent holder of Registrable Securities.

 

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(f) Severability . Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective only to the extent of such prohibition, invalidity, illegality or unenforceability, without invalidating the remainder of this Agreement.

(g) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in counterparts (including by means of telecopied, facsimile or portable data format (PDF) signature pages), any one of which need not contain the signatures of more than one party, but all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

(h) Descriptive Headings; Interpretation . The descriptive headings of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute a part of this Agreement. The use of the word “including” herein shall mean “including without limitation.”

(i) Governing Law; Jurisdiction . All issues and questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware. The parties hereto agree that any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be brought in any federal or state court located in the State of Delaware, and each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in any such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such court.

(j) Notices . All notices, demands or other communications to be given or delivered under or by reason of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (i) when delivered personally to the recipient, (ii) when sent by confirmed electronic mail if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, but if not, then on the next business day, (iii) one business day after it is sent to the recipient by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) or (iv) three days after it is mailed to the recipient by first class mail, return receipt requested. Such notices, demands and other communications shall be sent to each Investor at the address indicated on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto and to Pubco and the Company at the address indicated below:

 

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c/o Carvana Group, LLC

4020 E. Indian School Road

Phoenix, Arizona 85018

Attention: Ernest C. Garcia III and Paul W. Breaux

Email: ernie.garcia@carvana.com and paul.breaux@carvana.com

With copies (which shall not constitute notice to the Company) to :

Kirkland & Ellis LLP

300 North LaSalle

Chicago, Illinois 60654

Attention: Robert M. Hayward, P.C.

Robert E. Goedert

Email: robert.hayward@kirkland.com

robert.goedert@kirkland.com

or to such other address or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party.

(k) Mutual Waiver of Jury Trial . As a specifically bargained inducement for each of the parties to enter into this Agreement (with each party having had opportunity to consult counsel), each party hereto expressly and irrevocably waives the right to trial by jury in any lawsuit or legal proceeding relating to or arising in any way from this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein, and any lawsuit or legal proceeding relating to or arising in any way to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein shall be tried in a court of competent jurisdiction by a judge sitting without a jury.

(l) No Strict Construction . The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.

(m) Information . Ernest C. Garcia, II (“ ECGII ”), on behalf of the Controlling Investors, shall be entitled to receive notice of all meetings of the board of directors of Pubco (the “ Board ”) and any Board committee, including any executive committee, and all materials and documents distributed to the members of the Board (or Board committee) in connection with such meetings, including at or after such meetings, in each case at such time and as provided to the members of the Board (or Board committee). In addition to the foregoing, promptly following any Board or Board committee meeting, the Board shall notify ECGII as to any material transaction or action, including any debt or equity offering or material acquisition or disposition, change in executive officers or Board members, Board nominees, charter or bylaw amendment, annual budget or material change to any annual budget, change to Pubco’s “Up-C” status, or other significant matter approved at such Board or Committee meeting, whether or not subject to further approval by the stockholders of Pubco. The foregoing provisions of this Section 11(m) are subject in all respects to the right of the Board or the Chairman thereof to determine not to provide ECGII with Board or Board committee materials or other information if (i) such materials, other information or action relate to transactions in which the Controlling Investors have a material direct interest (other than solely as a result of their direct or indirect ownership of Pubco), (ii) the Board or Chairman determines in good faith that such omission is appropriate in order to (a) avoid a conflict of interest in connection with the Board’s discussion of a

 

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particular matter, (b) fulfill the contractual obligations of Pubco or its subsidiaries with respect to confidential or proprietary information of third parties, (c) protect the attorney client privilege (including protecting any attorney work product) or (d) satisfy the Board’s fiduciary duties (as advised by outside counsel) and/or (iii) such meeting, materials, other information or action would result in loss of the protection of trade secrets, provided that with respect to subsections (ii)(b) and (c) and (iii), if despite the following sentence, Pubco determines additional measures are necessary in order to satisfy such sections, ECGII shall execute a confidentiality agreement in form and substance reasonable acceptable to the parties in order to be able to provide ECGII access to the information. Any information ECGII receives pursuant to this Section 11(m) shall be kept confidential, and the Controlling Investors agree to and shall hold in confidence and trust all such information.

* * * * *

 

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Registration Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

COMPANY:
CARVANA GROUP, LLC
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia III

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia III
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
 

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


PUBCO:

CARVANA CO.
By:  

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia III

Name:   Ernest C. Garcia III
Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


CVAN INVESTOR:
CVAN HOLDINGS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Kelly Van Meter

Name:   Kelly Van Meter
Title:   Vice President

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


GV INVESTOR:
GV AUTO I, LLC
By:   Georgiana Ventures, LLC
Its:   Manager
By:  

/s/ Ira J. Platt

Name:   Ira J. Platt
Title:   Managing Member

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


CONTROLLING INVESTOR:
ERNEST C. GARCIA II

/s/ ERNEST C. GARCIA II

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


CONTROLLING INVESTOR:
ERNEST C . GARCIA III

/s/ ERNEST C . GARCIA III

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


CONTROLLING INVESTORS:

ERNEST GARCIA III MULTI-GENERATIONAL TRUST III

By:

 

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:

  Steven P. Johnson

Its:

  Administrative Trustee

By:

 

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:

  Ernest C. Garcia II

Its:

  Investment Trustee

ERNEST IRREVOCABLE 2004 TRUST III

By:

 

/s/ Steven P. Johnson

Name:

  Steven P. Johnson

Its:

  Administrative Trustee

By:

 

/s/ Ernest C. Garcia II

Name:

  Ernest C. Garcia II

Its:

  Investment Trustee ·

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement


SCHEDULE OF INVESTORS

 

Name and Address

 

CVAN Holdings, LLC (f/k/a Carvana Holdings, LLC)

227 W. Monroe, Suite 4800

Chicago, IL 60606

Attn: Jack Salerno

Email: J.R.Salerno@guggenheimpartners.com

 

With a copy to:

 

Winston & Strawn LLP

1700 K Street, NW

Washington, DC 20006

Attn: Christopher Zochowski

 

Email: czochowski@winston.com

GV Auto I, LLC

65 Sturges Hwy

Westport, CT 06880

Attn: Ira J. Platt

Email: platt_ira@yahoo.com

 

Ernest C. Garcia II

1720 W. Rio Salado Parkway

Tempe, Arizona 85281

Attention: Ernest C. Garcia II

Ernest C. Garcia III

4020 E. Indian School Road, Suite A

Phoenix, Arizona 85018

Attention: Ernest C. Garcia III

Email: ernie.garcia@carvana.com

 

Ernest Garcia III Multi-Generational Trust III

c/o Steven Johnson, Investment Trustee

1720 W. Rio Salado Parkway

Tempe, Arizona 85281

Attention: Steven Johnson

 

Ernest Irrevocable 2004 Trust III

c/o Steven Johnson, Investment Trustee

1720 W. Rio Salado Parkway

Tempe, Arizona 85281

Attention: Steven Johnson

 


AMENDED AND RESTATED REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

JOINDER

The undersigned is executing and delivering this Joinder pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as of                                     (as the same may hereafter be amended, the “ Registration Rights Agreement ”), among                                      , a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), and the other person named as parties therein.

By executing and delivering this Joinder to Pubco, the undersigned hereby agrees to become a party to, to be bound by, and to comply with the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement as a holder of [Controlling Investor // CVAN] Registrable Securities in the same manner as if the undersigned were an original signatory to the Registration Rights Agreement, and the undersigned’s              Units shall be included as [Controlling Investor // CVAN] Registrable Securities under the Registration Rights Agreement.

Accordingly, the undersigned has executed and delivered this Joinder as of the              day of                                 ,             .

 

INVESTOR:

[•]

By:                                                                      

Its:

Address for Notices:

[•]

[•]

[•]

[•]

 

Agreed and Accepted as of

                                              .

[COMPANY]

By:                                                          

Its:                                                          

Exhibit 10.6

CARVANA CO.

 

 

2017 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

 

 

ARTICLE I

PURPOSE

The purpose of this Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan is to enhance the profitability and value of the Company for the benefit of its stockholders by enabling the Company to offer Eligible Individuals cash and stock-based incentives in order to attract, retain and reward such individuals and strengthen the mutuality of interests between such individuals and the Company’s stockholders. The Plan is effective as of the date set forth in Article XV.

ARTICLE II

DEFINITIONS

For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

2.1 Affiliate means each of the following: (a) any Subsidiary; (b) any Parent; (c) any corporation, trade or business (including, without limitation, a partnership or limited liability company) which is directly or indirectly controlled 50% or more (whether by ownership of stock, assets or an equivalent ownership interest or voting interest) by the Company or one of its Affiliates; (d) any trade or business (including, without limitation, a partnership or limited liability company) which directly or indirectly controls 50% or more (whether by ownership of stock, assets or an equivalent ownership interest or voting interest) of the Company; and (e) any other entity in which the Company or any of its Affiliates has a material equity interest and which is designated as an “Affiliate” by resolution of the Committee; provided that, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Common Stock subject to any Award constitutes “service recipient stock” for purposes of Section 409A of the Code or otherwise does not subject the Award to Section 409A of the Code.

2.2 Award means any award under the Plan of any Stock Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Performance Award, Other Stock-Based Award or Other Cash-Based Award. All Awards shall be granted by, confirmed by, and subject to the terms of, a written Award Agreement executed by the Company and the Participant.

2.3 Award Agreement means the written or electronic agreement setting forth the terms and conditions applicable to an Award.

2.4 Board means the Board of Directors of the Company.

2.5 Cause means, unless otherwise determined by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, with respect to a Participant’s Termination of Employment or Termination of Consultancy, the following: (a) in the case where there is no employment agreement, consulting

 


agreement, change in control agreement or similar agreement in effect between the Company or an Affiliate and the Participant at the time of the grant of the Award (or where there is such an agreement but it does not define “cause” (or words of like import)), termination due to a Participant’s insubordination, dishonesty, fraud, incompetence, moral turpitude, willful misconduct, refusal to perform the Participant’s duties or responsibilities for any reason other than illness or incapacity, repeated or material violation of any employment policy, violation or breach of any confidentiality agreement, work product agreement or other agreement between the Participant and the Company or materially unsatisfactory performance of the Participant’s duties for the Company or an Affiliate, as determined by the Committee in its good faith discretion; or (b) in the case where there is an employment agreement, consulting agreement, change in control agreement or similar agreement in effect between the Company or an Affiliate and the Participant at the time of the grant of the Award that defines “cause” (or words of like import), “cause” as defined under such agreement; provided, however, that with regard to any agreement under which the definition of “cause” only applies on occurrence of a change in control, such definition of “cause” shall not apply until a change in control actually takes place and then only with regard to a termination thereafter. With respect to a Participant’s Termination of Directorship, “cause” means an act or failure to act that constitutes cause for removal of a director under applicable Delaware law.

2.6 Change in Control has the meaning set forth in 11.2.

2.7 Change in Control Price has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1.

2.8 Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Any reference to any section of the Code shall also be a reference to any successor provision and any treasury regulation and other official guidance or regulations promulgated thereunder.

2.9 Committee means any committee of the Board duly authorized by the Board to administer the Plan. If no committee is duly authorized by the Board to administer the Plan, the term “Committee” shall be deemed to refer to the Board for all purposes under the Plan.

2.10 Common Stock means the shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company.

2.11 Company means Carvana Co., a Delaware corporation, and its successors by operation of law.

2.12 Consultant means any natural person who is an advisor or consultant to the Company or its Affiliates.

2.13 Disability means, unless otherwise determined by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, with respect to a Participant’s Termination, a permanent and total disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code. A Disability shall only be deemed to occur at the time of the determination by the Committee of the Disability. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for Awards that are subject to Section 409A of the Code, Disability shall mean that a Participant is disabled under Section 409A(a)(2)(C)(i) or (ii) of the Code.

2.14 Effective Date means the effective date of the Plan as defined in Article XV.

 

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2.15 Eligible Employees means each employee of the Company or an Affiliate.

2.16 Eligible Individual means an Eligible Employee, Non-Employee Director or Consultant who is designated by the Committee in its discretion as eligible to receive Awards subject to the conditions set forth herein.

2.17 Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Reference to a specific section of the Exchange Act or regulation thereunder shall include such section or regulation, any valid regulation or interpretation promulgated under such section, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing or superseding such section or regulation.

2.18 Fair Market Value means, for purposes of the Plan, unless otherwise required by any applicable provision of the Code or any regulations issued thereunder, as of any date and except as provided below, the last sales price reported for the Common Stock on the applicable date: (a) as reported on the principal national securities exchange in the United States on which it is then traded or (b) if the Common Stock is not traded, listed or otherwise reported or quoted, the Committee shall determine in good faith the Fair Market Value in whatever manner it considers appropriate taking into account the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of the grant of any Award, the applicable date shall be the trading day immediately prior to the date on which the Award is granted. For purposes of any Award granted in connection with the Registration Date, the Fair Market Value shall be the public offering price in the initial public offering as set forth on the cover of the prospectus. For purposes of the exercise of any Award, the applicable date shall be the date a notice of exercise is received by the Committee or, if not a day on which the applicable market is open, the next day that it is open.

2.19 Family Member means the Participant’s child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, any person sharing the Participant’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons have more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which these persons (or the Participant) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which these persons (or the Participant) own more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting interests.

2.20 Garcia Parties means each of Ernest C. Garcia, II, Ernest C. Garcia, III, and each of the entities controlled by one or both of them, including trusts over which one or both of them exercise investment control.

2.21 Incentive Stock Option means any Stock Option awarded to an Eligible Employee of the Company, its Subsidiaries and its Parents (if any) under the Plan intended to be and designated as an “Incentive Stock Option” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

2.22 Lead Underwriter has the meaning set forth in Section 14.20.

2.23 Lock-Up Period has the meaning set forth in Section 14.20.

 

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2.24 Non-Employee Director means a director or a member of the Board of the Company or any Affiliate who is not an active employee of the Company or any Affiliate.

2.25 Non-Qualified Stock Option means any Stock Option awarded under the Plan that is not an Incentive Stock Option.

2.26 Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Right means the right to receive an amount in cash and/or stock equal to the difference between (x) the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date such right is exercised, and (y) the aggregate exercise price of such right, otherwise than on surrender of a Stock Option.

2.27 Other Cash-Based Award means an Award granted pursuant to Section 10.3 of the Plan and payable in cash at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

2.28 Other Stock-Based Award means an Award under Article X of the Plan that is valued in whole or in part by reference to, or is payable in or otherwise based on, Common Stock, including, without limitation, an Award valued by reference to an Affiliate.

2.29 Parent means any parent corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(e) of the Code.

2.30 Participant means an Eligible Individual to whom an Award has been granted pursuant to the Plan.

2.31 Performance Award means an Award granted to a Participant pursuant to Article IX hereof contingent upon achieving certain Performance Goals.

2.32 Performance Goals means goals established by the Committee as contingencies for Awards to vest and/or become exercisable or distributable based on one or more of the performance goals set forth in Exhibit A hereto.

2.33 Performance Period means the designated period during which the Performance Goals must be satisfied with respect to the Award to which the Performance Goals relate.

2.34 Person means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization and a government or any branch, department, agency, political subdivision or official thereof.

2.35 Plan means this Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

2.36 Proceeding has the meaning set forth in Section 14.9.

2.37 Reference Stock Option has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1.

 

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2.38 Registration Date means the date on which the Company consummates the sale of its Common Stock in a bona fide, firm commitment underwriting pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act.

2.39 Reorganization has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(b)(ii).

2.40 Restricted Stock means an Award of shares of Common Stock under the Plan that is subject to restrictions under Article VIII.

2.41 Restriction Period has the meaning set forth in Section 8.3(a) with respect to Restricted Stock.

2.42 Rule 16b-3 means Rule 16b-3 under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act as then in effect or any successor provision.

2.43 Section 162(m) of the Code means the exception for performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code and any applicable treasury regulations thereunder.

2.44 Section 409A of the Code means the nonqualified deferred compensation rules under Section 409A of the Code and any applicable treasury regulations and other official guidance thereunder.

2.45 Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Reference to a specific section of the Securities Act or regulation thereunder shall include such section or regulation, any valid regulation or interpretation promulgated under such section, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing or superseding such section or regulation.

2.46 Stock Appreciation Right means the right pursuant to an Award granted under Article VII.

2.47 Stock Option or Option means any option to purchase shares of Common Stock granted to Eligible Individuals granted pursuant to Article VI.

2.48 Subsidiary means any subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code.

2.49 Tandem Stock Appreciation Right means the right to surrender to the Company all (or a portion) of a Stock Option in exchange for an amount in cash and/or stock equal to the difference between (i) the Fair Market Value on the date such Stock Option (or such portion thereof) is surrendered, of the Common Stock covered by such Stock Option (or such portion thereof), and (ii) the aggregate exercise price of such Stock Option (or such portion thereof).

2.50 Ten Percent Stockholder means a Person owning stock possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, its Subsidiaries or its Parent.

 

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2.51 Termination means a Termination of Consultancy, Termination of Directorship or Termination of Employment, as applicable.

2.52 Termination of Consultancy means: (a) that the Consultant is no longer acting as a consultant to the Company or an Affiliate; or (b) when an entity which is retaining a Participant as a Consultant ceases to be an Affiliate unless the Participant otherwise is, or thereupon becomes, a Consultant to the Company or another Affiliate at the time the entity ceases to be an Affiliate. In the event that a Consultant becomes an Eligible Employee or a Non-Employee Director upon the termination of such Consultant’s consultancy, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, no Termination of Consultancy shall be deemed to occur until such time as such Consultant is no longer a Consultant, an Eligible Employee or a Non-Employee Director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may otherwise define Termination of Consultancy in the Award Agreement or, if no rights of a Participant are reduced, may otherwise define Termination of Consultancy thereafter, provided that any such change to the definition of the term “Termination of Consultancy” does not subject the applicable Award to Section 409A of the Code.

2.53 Termination of Directorship means that the Non-Employee Director has ceased to be a director of the Company; except that if a Non-Employee Director becomes an Eligible Employee or a Consultant upon the termination of such Non-Employee Director’s directorship, such Non-Employee Director’s ceasing to be a director of the Company shall not be treated as a Termination of Directorship unless and until the Participant has a Termination of Employment or Termination of Consultancy, as the case may be.

2.54 Termination of Employment means: (a) a termination of employment (for reasons other than a military or personal leave of absence granted by the Company) of a Participant from the Company and its Affiliates; or (b) when an entity which is employing a Participant ceases to be an Affiliate, unless the Participant otherwise is, or thereupon becomes, employed by the Company or another Affiliate at the time the entity ceases to be an Affiliate. In the event that an Eligible Employee becomes a Consultant or a Non-Employee Director upon the termination of such Eligible Employee’s employment, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, no Termination of Employment shall be deemed to occur until such time as such Eligible Employee is no longer an Eligible Employee, a Consultant or a Non-Employee Director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may otherwise define Termination of Employment in the Award Agreement or, if no rights of a Participant are reduced, may otherwise define Termination of Employment thereafter, provided that any such change to the definition of the term “Termination of Employment” does not subject the applicable Award to Section 409A of the Code.

2.55 Transfer means: (a) when used as a noun, any direct or indirect transfer, sale, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance or other disposition (including the issuance of equity in any entity), whether for value or no value and whether voluntary or involuntary (including by operation of law), and (b) when used as a verb, to directly or indirectly transfer, sell, assign, pledge, encumber, charge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of (including the issuance of equity in any entity) whether for value or for no value and whether voluntarily or involuntarily (including by operation of law). “Transferred” and “Transferable” shall have a correlative meaning.

 

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2.56 Transition Period means the period beginning with the Registration Date and ending as of the earlier of: (i) the date of the first annual meeting of stockholders of the Company at which directors are to be elected that occurs after the close of the third calendar year following the calendar year in which the Registration Date occurs; and (ii) the expiration of the “reliance period” under Treasury Regulation Section 1.162-27(f)(2).

ARTICLE III

ADMINISTRATION

3.1 The Committee . The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by the Committee. To the extent required by applicable law, rule or regulation, it is intended that each member of the Committee shall qualify as (a) a “non-employee director” under Rule 16b-3, (b) an “outside director” under Section 162(m) of the Code and (c) an “independent director” under the rules of any national securities exchange or national securities association, as applicable. If it is later determined that one or more members of the Committee do not so qualify, actions taken by the Committee prior to such determination shall be valid despite such failure to qualify.

3.2 Grants of Awards . The Committee shall have full authority to grant, pursuant to the terms of the Plan, to Eligible Individuals: (i) Stock Options, (ii) Stock Appreciation Rights, (iii) Restricted Stock Awards, (iv) Performance Awards, (v) Other Stock-Based Awards and (vi) Other Cash-Based Awards. In particular, the Committee shall have the authority:

(a) to select the Eligible Individuals to whom Awards may from time to time be granted hereunder;

(b) to determine whether and to what extent Awards, or any combination thereof, are to be granted hereunder to one or more Eligible Individuals;

(c) to determine the number of shares of Common Stock to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

(d) to determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of any Award granted hereunder (including, but not limited to, the exercise or purchase price (if any), any restriction or limitation, any vesting schedule or acceleration thereof, or any forfeiture restrictions or waiver thereof, regarding any Award and the shares of Common Stock relating thereto, based on such factors, if any, as the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion);

(e) to determine the amount of cash to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

(f) to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances grants of Stock Options and other Awards under the Plan are to operate on a tandem basis and/or in conjunction with or apart from other awards made by the Company outside of the Plan;

(g) to determine whether and under what circumstances a Stock Option may be settled in cash, Common Stock and/or Restricted Stock under Section 6.4(d);

 

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(h) to determine whether a Stock Option is an Incentive Stock Option or Non-Qualified Stock Option;

(i) to impose a “blackout” period during which Stock Options may not be exercised;

(j) to determine whether to require a Participant, as a condition of the granting of any Award, to not sell or otherwise dispose of shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Award for a period of time as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, following the date of the acquisition of such Award;

(k) to modify, extend or renew an Award, subject to Article XII and Section 6.4(l), provided, however, that such action does not subject the Award to Section 409A of the Code without the consent of the Participant; and

(l) solely to the extent permitted by applicable law, to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances to provide loans (which may be on a recourse basis and shall bear interest at the rate the Committee shall provide) to Participants in order to exercise Options under the Plan.

3.3 Guidelines . Subject to Article XII hereof, the Committee shall have the authority to adopt, alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing the Plan and perform all acts, including the delegation of its responsibilities (to the extent permitted by applicable law and applicable stock exchange rules), as it shall, from time to time, deem advisable; to construe and interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award issued under the Plan (and any agreements relating thereto); and to otherwise supervise the administration of the Plan. The Committee may correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any agreement relating thereto in the manner and to the extent it shall deem necessary to effectuate the purpose and intent of the Plan. The Committee may adopt special guidelines and provisions for Persons who are residing in or employed in, or subject to, the taxes of, any domestic or foreign jurisdictions to comply with applicable tax and securities laws of such domestic or foreign jurisdictions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no action of the Committee under this Section 3.3 shall impair the rights of any Participant without the Participant’s consent. To the extent applicable, the Plan is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3, and with respect to Awards intended to be “performance-based,” the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, and the Plan shall be limited, construed and interpreted in a manner so as to comply therewith.

3.4 Decisions Final . Any decision, interpretation or other action made or taken in good faith by or at the direction of the Company, the Board or the Committee (or any of its members) arising out of or in connection with the Plan shall be within the absolute discretion of all and each of them, as the case may be, and shall be final, binding and conclusive on the Company and all employees and Participants and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

 

 

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3.5 Procedures . If the Committee is appointed, the Board shall designate one of the members of the Committee as chairman and the Committee shall hold meetings, subject to the By-Laws of the Company, at such times and places as it shall deem advisable, including, without limitation, by telephone conference or by written consent to the extent permitted by applicable law. A majority of the Committee members shall constitute a quorum. All determinations of the Committee shall be made by a majority of its members. Any decision or determination reduced to writing and signed by all of the Committee members in accordance with the By-Laws of the Company, shall be fully effective as if it had been made by a vote at a meeting duly called and held. The Committee shall keep minutes of its meetings and shall make such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business as it shall deem advisable.

3.6 Designation of Consultants/Liability .

(a) The Committee may designate employees of the Company and professional advisors to assist the Committee in the administration of the Plan and (to the extent permitted by applicable law and applicable exchange rules) may grant authority to officers to grant Awards and/or execute agreements or other documents on behalf of the Committee. In the event of any designation of authority hereunder, subject to applicable law, applicable stock exchange rules and any limitations imposed by the Committee in connection with such designation, such designee or designees shall have the power and authority to take such actions, exercise such powers and make such determinations that are otherwise specifically designated to the Committee hereunder.

(b) The Committee may employ such legal counsel, consultants and agents as it may deem desirable for the administration of the Plan and may rely upon any opinion received from any such counsel or consultant and any computation received from any such consultant or agent. Expenses incurred by the Committee or the Board in the engagement of any such counsel, consultant or agent shall be paid by the Company. The Committee, its members and any Person designated pursuant to Section 3.6(a) shall not be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, no officer of the Company or member or former member of the Committee or of the Board shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award granted under it.

3.7 Indemnification . To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Company and to the extent not covered by insurance directly insuring such Person, each officer or employee of the Company or any Affiliate and member or former member of the Committee or the Board shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against any cost or expense (including reasonable fees of counsel reasonably acceptable to the Committee) or liability (including any sum paid in settlement of a claim with the approval of the Committee), and advanced amounts necessary to pay the foregoing at the earliest time and to the fullest extent permitted, arising out of any act or omission to act in connection with the administration of the Plan, except to the extent arising out of such officer’s, employee’s, member’s or former member’s own fraud or bad faith. Such indemnification shall be in addition to any right of indemnification the employees, officers, directors or members or former officers, directors or members may have under applicable law or under the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of the Company or any Affiliate. Notwithstanding anything else herein, this indemnification will not apply to the actions or determinations made by an individual with regard to Awards granted to such individual under the Plan.

 

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ARTICLE IV

SHARE LIMITATION

4.1 Shares . (a) The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued or used for reference purposes or with respect to which Awards may be granted under the Plan shall not exceed 14,000,000 shares (subject to any increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2) (the “Share Reserve”), which may be either authorized and unissued Common Stock or Common Stock held in or acquired for the treasury of the Company or both. The Share Reserve will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, for ten years, commencing on January 1, 2018, in an amount equal to two percent of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, provided that the Committee may act prior to January 1 of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1 increase in the Share Reserve for such year or that the increase in the Share Reserve for such year will be a smaller number of shares of Common Stock than would otherwise occur pursuant to this sentence. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options may be granted under the Plan shall be 14,000,000 shares. With respect to Stock Appreciation Rights settled in Common Stock, upon settlement, only the number of shares of Common Stock delivered to a Participant (based on the difference between the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to such Stock Appreciation Right on the date such Stock Appreciation Right is exercised and the exercise price of each Stock Appreciation Right on the date such Stock Appreciation Right was awarded) shall count against the aggregate and individual share limitations set forth under Sections 4.1(a) and 4.1(b). If any Option, Stock Appreciation Right or Other Stock-Based Awards granted under the Plan expires, terminates or is canceled for any reason without having been exercised in full, the number of shares of Common Stock underlying any unexercised Award shall again be available for the purpose of Awards under the Plan. If any shares of Restricted Stock, Performance Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards denominated in shares of Common Stock awarded under the Plan to a Participant are forfeited for any reason, the number of forfeited shares of Restricted Stock, Performance Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards denominated in shares of Common Stock shall again be available for purposes of Awards under the Plan. If a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right or a Limited Stock Appreciation Right is granted in tandem with an Option, such grant shall only apply once against the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan. Any Award under the Plan settled in cash shall not be counted against the foregoing maximum share limitations. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Award of Stock Options which may be granted under the Plan during any fiscal year of the Company to any Participant shall be 500,000 shares (1,000,000 shares for an Eligible Employee during the fiscal year in which their employment with the Company commenced) (which shall be subject to any further increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2); provided, that the maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Award of Stock Options which may be granted to an Eligible Employee during the first fiscal year in which their employment with the Company (or one of its Affiliates) commenced shall be 1,000,000.

(b) Individual Participant Limitations . To the extent required by Section 162(m) of the Code for Awards under the Plan to qualify as “performance-based compensation,” the following individual Participant limitations shall only apply after the expiration of the Transition Period:

 

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(i) The maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Award of Stock Options, or Stock Appreciation Rights, or shares of Restricted Stock, or Other Stock-Based Awards for which the grant of such Award or the lapse of the relevant Restriction Period is subject to the attainment of Performance Goals in accordance with Section 8.3(a)(ii) which may be granted under the Plan during any fiscal year of the Company to any Participant shall be 500,000 shares (1,000,000 shares for an Eligible Employee during the fiscal year in which their employment with the Company commenced) per type of Award (which shall be subject to any further increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2), provided that the maximum number of shares of Common Stock for all types of Awards does not exceed 500,000 shares (1,000,000 shares for an Eligible Employee during the fiscal year in which their employment with the Company commenced) (which shall be subject to any further increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2) during any fiscal year of the Company. If a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right is granted or a Limited Stock Appreciation Right is granted in tandem with a Stock Option, it shall apply against the Participant’s individual share limitations for both Stock Appreciation Rights and Stock Options.

(ii) There are no annual individual share limitations applicable to Participants on Restricted Stock or Other Stock-Based Awards for which the grant, vesting or payment (as applicable) of any such Award is not subject to the attainment of Performance Goals.

(iii) The maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Performance Award which may be granted under the Plan during any fiscal year of the Company to any Participant shall be 500,000 shares (1,000,000 shares for an Eligible Employee during the fiscal year in which their employment with the Company commenced) (which shall be subject to any further increase or decrease pursuant to Section 4.2) with respect to any fiscal year of the Company.

(iv) The maximum value of a cash payment made under a Performance Award which may be granted under the Plan with respect to any fiscal year of the Company to any Participant shall be $5,000,000.

(v) The individual Participant limitations set forth in this Section 4.1(b) (other than Section 4.1(b)(iii)) shall be cumulative; that is, to the extent that shares of Common Stock for which Awards are permitted to be granted to a Participant during a fiscal year are not covered by an Award to such Participant in a fiscal year, the number of shares of Common Stock available for Awards to such Participant shall automatically increase in the subsequent fiscal years during the term of the Plan until used.

(c) Annual Non-Employee Director Award Limitation . The aggregate grant date fair value (computed as of the date of grant in accordance with applicable financial accounting rules) of all Awards granted under the Plan to any individual Non-Employee Director in any fiscal year of the Company (excluding Awards made pursuant to deferred compensation arrangements in lieu of all or a portion of cash retainers and any stock dividends payable in respect of outstanding Awards) shall not exceed $750,000.

 

 

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4.2 Changes .

(a) The existence of the Plan and the Awards granted hereunder shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Board, the Committee or the stockholders of the Company to make or authorize (i) any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in the Company’s capital structure or its business, (ii) any merger or consolidation of the Company or any Affiliate, (iii) any issuance of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stock ahead of or affecting the Common Stock, (iv) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or any Affiliate, (v) any sale or transfer of all or part of the assets or business of the Company or any Affiliate or (vi) any other corporate act or proceeding.

(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 11.1:

(i) If the Company at any time subdivides (by any split, recapitalization or otherwise) the outstanding Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock, or combines (by reverse split, combination or otherwise) its outstanding Common Stock into a lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then the respective exercise prices for outstanding Awards that provide for a Participant elected exercise and the number of shares of Common Stock covered by outstanding Awards shall be appropriately adjusted by the Committee to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights granted to, or available for, Participants under the Plan.

(ii) Excepting transactions covered by Section 4.2(b)(i), if the Company effects any merger, consolidation, statutory exchange, spin-off, reorganization, sale or transfer of all or substantially all the Company’s assets or business, or other corporate transaction or event in such a manner that the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock are converted into the right to receive (or the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive in exchange therefor), either immediately or upon liquidation of the Company, securities or other property of the Company or other entity (each, a Reorganization ), then, subject to the provisions of Section 11.1, (A) the aggregate number or kind of securities that thereafter may be issued under the Plan, (B) the number or kind of securities or other property (including cash) to be issued pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan (including as a result of the assumption of the Plan and the obligations hereunder by a successor entity, as applicable), or (C) the purchase price thereof, shall be appropriately adjusted by the Committee to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights granted to, or available for, Participants under the Plan.

(iii) If there shall occur any change in the capital structure of the Company other than those covered by Section 4.2(b)(i) or 4.2(b)(ii), including by reason of any extraordinary dividend (whether cash or equity), any conversion, any adjustment, any issuance of any class of securities convertible or exercisable into, or exercisable for, any class of equity securities of the Company, then the Committee may adjust any Award and make such other adjustments to the Plan to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights granted to, or available for, Participants under the Plan.

(iv) Any such adjustment determined by the Committee pursuant to this Section 4.2(b) shall be final, binding and conclusive on the Company and all Participants and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and permitted assigns. Any adjustment to, or assumption or substitution of, an Award under this Section 4.2(b) shall be intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and Treasury Regulation

 

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§1.424-1 (and any amendments thereto), to the extent applicable. Except as expressly provided in this Section 4.2 or in the applicable Award Agreement, a Participant shall have no additional rights under the Plan by reason of any transaction or event described in this Section 4.2.

(v) Fractional shares of Common Stock resulting from any adjustment in Awards pursuant to Section 4.2(a) or this Section 4.2(b) shall be aggregated until, and eliminated at, the time of exercise or payment by rounding-down for fractions less than one-half and rounding-up for fractions equal to or greater than one-half. No cash settlements shall be required with respect to fractional shares eliminated by rounding. Notice of any adjustment shall be given by the Committee to each Participant whose Award has been adjusted and such adjustment (whether or not such notice is given) shall be effective and binding for all purposes of the Plan.

4.3 Minimum Purchase Price . Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, if authorized but previously unissued shares of Common Stock are issued under the Plan, such shares shall not be issued for a consideration that is less than as permitted under applicable law.

ARTICLE V

ELIGIBILITY

5.1 General Eligibility . All current and prospective Eligible Individuals are eligible to be granted Awards. Eligibility for the grant of Awards and actual participation in the Plan shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

5.2 Incentive Stock Options . Notwithstanding the foregoing, only Eligible Employees of the Company, its Subsidiaries and its Parent (if any) are eligible to be granted Incentive Stock Options under the Plan. Eligibility for the grant of an Incentive Stock Option and actual participation in the Plan shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

5.3 General Requirement . The vesting and exercise of Awards granted to a prospective Eligible Individual are conditioned upon such individual actually becoming an Eligible Employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director, respectively.

ARTICLE VI

STOCK OPTIONS

6.1 Options . Stock Options may be granted alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan. Each Stock Option granted under the Plan shall be of one of two types: (a) an Incentive Stock Option or (b) a Non-Qualified Stock Option.

6.2 Grants . The Committee shall have the authority to grant to any Eligible Employee one or more Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, or both types of Stock Options. The Committee shall have the authority to grant any Consultant or Non-Employee Director one or more Non-Qualified Stock Options. To the extent that any Stock Option does not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option (whether because of its provisions or the time or manner of its exercise or otherwise), such Stock Option or the portion thereof which does not so qualify shall constitute a separate Non-Qualified Stock Option.

 

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6.3 Incentive Stock Options . Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, no term of the Plan relating to Incentive Stock Options shall be interpreted, amended or altered, nor shall any discretion or authority granted under the Plan be so exercised, so as to disqualify the Plan under Section 422 of the Code, or, without the consent of the Participants affected, to disqualify any Incentive Stock Option under such Section 422.

6.4 Terms of Options . Options granted under the Plan shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and shall be in such form and contain such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall deem desirable:

(a) Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of Common Stock subject to a Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant, provided that the per share exercise price of a Stock Option shall not be less than 100% (or, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder, 110%) of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the date of grant.

(b) Stock Option Term . The term of each Stock Option shall be fixed by the Committee, provided that no Stock Option shall be exercisable more than 10 years after the date the Option is granted; and provided further that the term of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder shall not exceed five years.

(c) Exercisability . Unless otherwise provided by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.4, Stock Options granted under the Plan shall be exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant. If the Committee provides, in its discretion, that any Stock Option is exercisable subject to certain limitations (including, without limitation, that such Stock Option is exercisable only in installments or within certain time periods), the Committee may waive such limitations on the exercisability at any time at or after the time of grant in whole or in part (including, without limitation, waiver of the installment exercise provisions or acceleration of the time at which such Stock Option may be exercised), based on such factors, if any, as the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion.

(d) Method of Exercise . Subject to whatever installment exercise and waiting period provisions apply under Section 6.4(c), to the extent vested, Stock Options may be exercised in whole or in part at any time during the Option term, by giving written notice of exercise to the Company specifying the number of shares of Common Stock to be purchased. Such notice shall be accompanied by payment in full of the purchase price as follows: (i) in cash or by check, bank draft or money order payable to the order of the Company; (ii) solely to the extent permitted by applicable law, if the Common Stock is traded on a national securities exchange, and the Committee authorizes, through a procedure whereby the Participant delivers irrevocable instructions to a broker reasonably acceptable to the Committee to deliver promptly to the Company an amount equal to the purchase price; (iii) having the Company withhold shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Stock Option, or by payment in full or in part in the form of Common Stock owned by the Participant, based on the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the payment date as determined by the Committee; or (iv) on such other terms and conditions as may be acceptable to the Committee. No shares of Common Stock shall be issued until payment therefor, as provided herein, has been made or provided for.

 

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(e) Non-Transferability of Options . No Stock Option shall be Transferable by the Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and all Stock Options shall be exercisable, during the Participant’s lifetime, only by the Participant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may determine, in its sole discretion, at the time of grant or thereafter that a Non-Qualified Stock Option that is otherwise not Transferable pursuant to this Section is Transferable to a Family Member in whole or in part and in such circumstances, and under such conditions, as specified by the Committee. A Non-Qualified Stock Option that is Transferred to a Family Member pursuant to the preceding sentence (i) may not be subsequently Transferred other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and (ii) remains subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement. Any shares of Common Stock acquired upon the exercise of a Non-Qualified Stock Option by a permissible transferee of a Non-Qualified Stock Option or a permissible transferee pursuant to a Transfer after the exercise of the Non-Qualified Stock Option shall be subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement.

(f) Termination by Death or Disability . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, or if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, if a Participant’s Termination is by reason of death or Disability, all Stock Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable at the time of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the Participant (or in the case of the Participant’s death, by the legal representative of the Participant’s estate) at any time within a period of one (1) year from the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Options; provided, however, that, in the event of a Participant’s Termination by reason of Disability, if the Participant dies within such exercise period, all unexercised Stock Options held by such Participant shall thereafter be exercisable, to the extent to which they were exercisable at the time of death, for a period of one (1) year from the date of such death, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Options.

(g) Involuntary Termination Without Cause . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, or if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, if a Participant’s Termination is by involuntary termination by the Company without Cause, all Stock Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable at the time of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the Participant at any time within a period of ninety (90) days from the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Options.

(h) Voluntary Resignation . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, or if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, if a Participant’s Termination is voluntary (other than a voluntary termination described in Section 6.4(i)(y) hereof), all Stock Options that are held by such Participant that are vested and exercisable at the time of the Participant’s Termination may be exercised by the Participant at any time within a period of ninety (90) days from the date of such Termination, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Options.

(i) Termination for Cause . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, or if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, if a Participant’s Termination (x) is for Cause or (y) is a voluntary Termination (as provided in Section 6.4(h)) after the occurrence of an event that would be grounds for a Termination for Cause, all Stock Options, whether vested or not vested, that are held by such Participant shall thereupon terminate and expire as of the date of such Termination.

 

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(j) Unvested Stock Options . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, or if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, Stock Options that are not vested as of the date of a Participant’s Termination for any reason shall terminate and expire as of the date of such Termination.

(k) Incentive Stock Option Limitations . To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time of grant) of the Common Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by an Eligible Employee during any calendar year under the Plan and/or any other stock option plan of the Company, any Subsidiary or any Parent exceeds $100,000, such Options shall be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options. In addition, if an Eligible Employee does not remain employed by the Company, any Subsidiary or any Parent at all times from the time an Incentive Stock Option is granted until three months prior to the date of exercise thereof (or such other period as required by applicable law), such Stock Option shall be treated as a Non-Qualified Stock Option. Should any provision of the Plan not be necessary in order for the Stock Options to qualify as Incentive Stock Options, or should any additional provisions be required, the Committee may amend the Plan accordingly, without the necessity of obtaining the approval of the stockholders of the Company.

(l) Form, Modification, Extension and Renewal of Stock Options . Subject to the terms and conditions and within the limitations of the Plan, Stock Options shall be evidenced by such form of agreement or grant as is approved by the Committee, and the Committee may (i) modify, extend or renew outstanding Stock Options granted under the Plan (provided that the rights of a Participant are not reduced without such Participant’s consent and provided further that such action does not subject the Stock Options to Section 409A of the Code without the consent of the Participant), and (ii) accept the surrender of outstanding Stock Options (to the extent not theretofore exercised) and authorize the granting of new Stock Options in substitution therefor (to the extent not theretofore exercised). Notwithstanding the foregoing except in connection with a corporate transaction involving the Company in accordance with Section 4.2 (including, without limitation, any stock dividend, stock split, extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split up, spin off, combination or exchanges of shares, an outstanding Option may not be modified to reduce the exercise price thereof nor may a new Option at a lower price be substituted for a surrendered Option (other than adjustments or substitutions in accordance with Section 4.2), unless such action is approved by the stockholders of the Company.

(m) Deferred Delivery of Common Stock . The Committee may in its discretion permit Participants to defer delivery of Common Stock acquired pursuant to a Participant’s exercise of an Option in accordance with the terms and conditions established by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement, which shall be intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

 

 

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(n) Early Exercise . The Committee may provide that a Stock Option include a provision whereby the Participant may elect at any time before the Participant’s Termination to exercise the Stock Option as to any part or all of the shares of Common Stock subject to the Stock Option prior to the full vesting of the Stock Option and such shares shall be subject to the provisions of Article VIII and be treated as Restricted Stock. Unvested shares of Common Stock so purchased may be subject to a repurchase option in favor of the Company or to any other restriction the Committee determines to be appropriate.

(o) Other Terms and Conditions . The Committee may include a provision in an Award Agreement providing for the automatic exercise of a Non-Qualified Stock Option on a cashless basis on the last day of the term of such Option if the Participant has failed to exercise the Non-Qualified Stock Option as of such date, with respect to which the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Non-Qualified Stock Option exceeds the exercise price of such Non-Qualified Stock Option on the date of expiration of such Option, subject to Section 14.4. Stock Options may contain such other provisions, which shall not be inconsistent with any of the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall deem appropriate.

ARTICLE VII

STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

7.1 Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights . Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted in conjunction with all or part of any Stock Option (a “ Reference Stock Option ”) granted under the Plan (“ Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights ”). In the case of a Non-Qualified Stock Option, such rights may be granted either at or after the time of the grant of such Reference Stock Option. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, such rights may be granted only at the time of the grant of such Reference Stock Option.

7.2 Terms and Conditions of Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights . Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights granted hereunder shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as shall be determined from time to time by the Committee, and the following:

(a) Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of Common Stock subject to a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant, provided that the per share exercise price of a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the time of grant.

(b) Term . A Tandem Stock Appreciation Right or applicable portion thereof granted with respect to a Reference Stock Option shall terminate and no longer be exercisable upon the termination or exercise of the Reference Stock Option, except that, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, at the time of grant, a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right granted with respect to less than the full number of shares covered by the Reference Stock Option shall not be reduced until, and then only to the extent that the exercise or termination of the Reference Stock Option causes, the number of shares covered by the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right to exceed the number of shares remaining available and unexercised under the Reference Stock Option.

 

 

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(c) Exercisability . Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights shall be exercisable only at such time or times and to the extent that the Reference Stock Options to which they relate shall be exercisable in accordance with the provisions of Article VI, and shall be subject to the provisions of Section 6.4(c).

(d) Method of Exercise . A Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised by the Participant by surrendering the applicable portion of the Reference Stock Option. Upon such exercise and surrender, the Participant shall be entitled to receive an amount determined in the manner prescribed in this Section 7.2. Stock Options which have been so surrendered, in whole or in part, shall no longer be exercisable to the extent that the related Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights have been exercised.

(e) Payment . Upon the exercise of a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right, a Participant shall be entitled to receive up to, but no more than, an amount in cash and/or Common Stock (as chosen by the Committee in its sole discretion) equal in value to the excess of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock over the Option exercise price per share specified in the Reference Stock Option agreement multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock in respect of which the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall have been exercised, with the Committee having the right to determine the form of payment.

(f) Deemed Exercise of Reference Stock Option . Upon the exercise of a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right, the Reference Stock Option or part thereof to which such Stock Appreciation Right is related shall be deemed to have been exercised for the purpose of the limitation set forth in Article IV of the Plan on the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued under the Plan.

(g) Non-Transferability . Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights shall be Transferable only when and to the extent that the underlying Stock Option would be Transferable under Section 6.4(e) of the Plan.

7.3 Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights . Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights may also be granted without reference to any Stock Options granted under the Plan.

7.4 Terms and Conditions of Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights . Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights granted hereunder shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as shall be determined from time to time by the Committee, and the following:

(a) Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of Common Stock subject to a Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant, provided that the per share exercise price of a Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the time of grant.

(b) Term . The term of each Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall be fixed by the Committee, but shall not be greater than 10 years after the date the right is granted.

(c) Exercisability . Unless otherwise provided by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 7.4, Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights granted under the Plan shall be exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant. If the Committee provides, in its discretion,

 

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that any such right is exercisable subject to certain limitations (including, without limitation, that it is exercisable only in installments or within certain time periods), the Committee may waive such limitations on the exercisability at any time at or after grant in whole or in part (including, without limitation, waiver of the installment exercise provisions or acceleration of the time at which such right may be exercised), based on such factors, if any, as the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion.

(d) Method of Exercise . Subject to whatever installment exercise and waiting period provisions apply under Section 7.4(c), Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights may be exercised in whole or in part at any time in accordance with the applicable Award Agreement, by giving written notice of exercise to the Company specifying the number of Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights to be exercised.

(e) Payment . Upon the exercise of a Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Right a Participant shall be entitled to receive, for each right exercised, up to, but no more than, an amount in cash and/or Common Stock (as chosen by the Committee in its sole discretion) equal in value to the excess of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the date that the right is exercised over the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the date that the right was awarded to the Participant.

(f) Termination . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at grant or, if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, subject to the provisions of the applicable Award Agreement and the Plan, upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason, Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights will remain exercisable following a Participant’s Termination on the same basis as Stock Options would be exercisable following a Participant’s Termination in accordance with the provisions of Sections 6.4(f) through 6.4(j).

(g) Non-Transferability . No Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights shall be Transferable by the Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and all such rights shall be exercisable, during the Participant’s lifetime, only by the Participant.

7.5 Limited Stock Appreciation Rights . The Committee may, in its sole discretion, grant Tandem and Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights either as a general Stock Appreciation Right or as a Limited Stock Appreciation Right. Limited Stock Appreciation Rights may be exercised only upon the occurrence of a Change in Control or such other event as the Committee may, in its sole discretion, designate at the time of grant or thereafter. Upon the exercise of Limited Stock Appreciation Rights, except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, the Participant shall receive in cash and/or Common Stock, as determined by the Committee, an amount equal to the amount (i) set forth in Section 7.2(e) with respect to Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights, or (ii) set forth in Section 7.4(e) with respect to Non-Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights.

7.6 Other Terms and Conditions . The Committee may include a provision in an Award Agreement providing for the automatic exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right on a cashless basis on the last day of the term of such Stock Appreciation Right if the Participant has failed to exercise the Stock Appreciation Right as of such date, with respect to which the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Stock Appreciation Right exceeds

 

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the exercise price of such Stock Appreciation Right on the date of expiration of such Stock Appreciation Right, subject to Section 14.4. Stock Appreciation Rights may contain such other provisions, which shall not be inconsistent with any of the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall deem appropriate.

ARTICLE VIII

RESTRICTED STOCK

8.1 Awards of Restricted Stock . Shares of Restricted Stock may be issued either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan. The Committee shall determine the Eligible Individuals, to whom, and the time or times at which, grants of Restricted Stock shall be made, the number of shares to be awarded, the price (if any) to be paid by the Participant (subject to Section 8.2), the time or times within which such Awards may be subject to forfeiture, the vesting schedule and rights to acceleration thereof, and all other terms and conditions of the Awards.

The Committee may condition the grant or vesting of Restricted Stock upon the attainment of specified performance targets (including the Performance Goals) or such other factor as the Committee may determine in its sole discretion, including to comply with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code.

8.2 Awards and Certificates . Eligible Individuals selected to receive Restricted Stock shall not have any right with respect to such Award, unless and until such Participant has delivered a fully executed copy of the agreement evidencing the Award to the Company, to the extent required by the Committee, and has otherwise complied with the applicable terms and conditions of such Award. Further, such Award shall be subject to the following conditions:

(a) Purchase Price . The purchase price of Restricted Stock shall be fixed by the Committee. Subject to Section 4.3, the purchase price for shares of Restricted Stock may be zero to the extent permitted by applicable law, and, to the extent not so permitted, such purchase price may not be less than par value.

(b) Acceptance . Awards of Restricted Stock must be accepted within a period of 60 days (or such shorter period as the Committee may specify at grant) after the grant date, by executing a Restricted Stock agreement and by paying whatever price (if any) the Committee has designated thereunder.

(c) Legend . Each Participant receiving Restricted Stock shall be issued a stock certificate in respect of such shares of Restricted Stock, unless the Committee elects to use another system, such as book entries by the transfer agent, as evidencing ownership of shares of Restricted Stock. Such certificate shall be registered in the name of such Participant, and shall, in addition to such legends required by applicable securities laws, bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Award, substantially in the following form:

“The anticipation, alienation, attachment, sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge of the shares of stock represented hereby are subject to the terms and conditions (including forfeiture) of the Carvana Co. (the “Company”) 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and an Agreement entered into between the registered owner and the Company dated                     . Copies of such Plan and Agreement are on file at the principal office of the Company.”

 

 

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(d) Custody . If stock certificates are issued in respect of shares of Restricted Stock, the Committee may require that any stock certificates evidencing such shares be held in custody by the Company until the restrictions thereon shall have lapsed, and that, as a condition of any grant of Restricted Stock, the Participant shall have delivered a duly signed stock power or other instruments of assignment (including a power of attorney), each endorsed in blank with a guarantee of signature if deemed necessary or appropriate by the Company, which would permit transfer to the Company of all or a portion of the shares subject to the Restricted Stock Award in the event that such Award is forfeited in whole or part.

8.3 Restrictions and Conditions . The shares of Restricted Stock awarded pursuant to the Plan shall be subject to the following restrictions and conditions:

(a) Restriction Period . (i) The Participant shall not be permitted to Transfer shares of Restricted Stock awarded under the Plan during the period or periods set by the Committee (the Restriction Period ) commencing on the date of such Award, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Award Agreement and such agreement shall set forth a vesting schedule and any event that would accelerate vesting of the shares of Restricted Stock. Within these limits, based on service, attainment of Performance Goals pursuant to Section 8.3(a)(ii) and/or such other factors or criteria as the Committee may determine in its sole discretion, the Committee may condition the grant or provide for the lapse of such restrictions in installments in whole or in part, or may accelerate the vesting of all or any part of any Restricted Stock Award and/or waive the deferral limitations for all or any part of any Restricted Stock Award.

(ii) If the grant of shares of Restricted Stock or the lapse of restrictions is based on the attainment of Performance Goals, the Committee shall establish the objective Performance Goals and the applicable vesting percentage of the Restricted Stock applicable to each Participant or class of Participants in writing prior to the beginning of the applicable fiscal year or at such later date as otherwise determined by the Committee and while the outcome of the Performance Goals are substantially uncertain. Such Performance Goals may incorporate provisions for disregarding (or adjusting for) changes in accounting methods, corporate transactions (including, without limitation, dispositions and acquisitions) and other similar type events or circumstances. With regard to a Restricted Stock Award that is intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent that any such provision would create impermissible discretion under Section 162(m) of the Code or otherwise violate Section 162(m) of the Code, such provision shall be of no force or effect.

(b) Rights as a Stockholder . Except as provided in Section 8.3(a) and this Section 8.3(b) or as otherwise determined by the Committee in an Award Agreement, the Participant shall have, with respect to the shares of Restricted Stock, all of the rights of a holder of shares of Common Stock of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to receive dividends, the right to vote such shares and, subject to and conditioned upon the full vesting of shares of Restricted Stock, the right to tender such shares. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, determine at the time of grant that the payment of dividends shall be deferred until, and conditioned upon, the expiration of the applicable Restriction Period.

 

 

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(c) Termination . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at grant or, if no rights of the Participant are reduced, thereafter, subject to the applicable provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason during the relevant Restriction Period, all Restricted Stock still subject to restriction will be forfeited in accordance with the terms and conditions established by the Committee at grant or thereafter.

(d) Lapse of Restrictions . If and when the Restriction Period expires without a prior forfeiture of the Restricted Stock, the certificates for such shares shall be delivered to the Participant. All legends shall be removed from said certificates at the time of delivery to the Participant, except as otherwise required by applicable law or other limitations imposed by the Committee.

ARTICLE IX

PERFORMANCE AWARDS

9.1 Performance Awards . The Committee may grant a Performance Award to a Participant payable upon the attainment of specific Performance Goals. The Committee may grant Performance Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, as well as Performance Awards that are not intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code. If the Performance Award is payable in shares of Restricted Stock, such shares shall be transferable to the Participant only upon attainment of the relevant Performance Goal in accordance with Article VIII. If the Performance Award is payable in cash, it may be paid upon the attainment of the relevant Performance Goals either in cash or in shares of Restricted Stock (based on the then current Fair Market Value of such shares), as determined by the Committee, in its sole and absolute discretion. Each Performance Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement in such form that is not inconsistent with the Plan and that the Committee may from time to time approve. With respect to Performance Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, the Committee shall condition the right to payment of any Performance Award upon the attainment of objective Performance Goals established pursuant to Section 9.2(c).

9.2 Terms and Conditions . Performance Awards awarded pursuant to this Article IX shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:

(a) Earning of Performance Award . At the expiration of the applicable Performance Period, the Committee shall determine the extent to which the Performance Goals established pursuant to Section 9.2(c) are achieved and the percentage of each Performance Award that has been earned.

(b) Non-Transferability . Subject to the applicable provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, Performance Awards may not be Transferred during the Performance Period.

 

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(c) Objective Performance Goals, Formulae or Standards . With respect to Performance Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, the Committee shall establish the objective Performance Goals for the earning of Performance Awards based on a Performance Period applicable to each Participant or class of Participants in writing prior to the beginning of the applicable Performance Period or at such later date as permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code and while the outcome of the Performance Goals are substantially uncertain. Such Performance Goals may incorporate, if and only to the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code, provisions for disregarding (or adjusting for) changes in accounting methods, corporate transactions (including, without limitation, dispositions and acquisitions) and other similar type events or circumstances. To the extent that any such provision would create impermissible discretion under Section 162(m) of the Code or otherwise violate Section 162(m) of the Code, such provision shall be of no force or effect, with respect to Performance Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code.

(d) Dividends . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of grant, amounts equal to dividends declared during the Performance Period with respect to the number of shares of Common Stock covered by a Performance Award will not be paid to the Participant.

(e) Payment . Following the Committee’s determination in accordance with Section 9.2(a), the Company shall settle Performance Awards, in such form (including, without limitation, in shares of Common Stock or in cash) as determined by the Committee, in an amount equal to such Participant’s earned Performance Awards. With respect to any Award that is intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, the Committee shall be precluded from having discretion to increase the amount of compensation payable under the terms of such Award. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, award an amount less than the earned Performance Awards and/or subject the payment of all or part of any Performance Award to additional vesting, forfeiture and deferral conditions as it deems appropriate.

(f) Termination . Subject to the applicable provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, upon a Participant’s Termination for any reason during the Performance Period for a given Performance Award, the Performance Award in question will vest or be forfeited in accordance with the terms and conditions established by the Committee at grant.

(g) Accelerated Vesting . Based on service, performance and/or such other factors or criteria, if any, as the Committee may determine, the Committee may, at or after grant, accelerate the vesting of all or any part of any Performance Award.

ARTICLE X

OTHER STOCK-BASED AND CASH-BASED AWARDS

10.1 Other Stock-Based Awards . The Committee is authorized to grant to Eligible Individuals Other Stock-Based Awards that are payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to shares of Common Stock, including but not limited to, shares of Common Stock awarded purely as a bonus and not subject to restrictions or conditions,

 

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shares of Common Stock in payment of the amounts due under an incentive or performance plan sponsored or maintained by the Company or an Affiliate, stock equivalent units, restricted stock units, and Awards valued by reference to book value of shares of Common Stock. Other Stock-Based Awards may be granted either alone or in addition to or in tandem with other Awards granted under the Plan.

Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall have authority to determine the Eligible Individuals, to whom, and the time or times at which, such Awards shall be made, the number of shares of Common Stock to be awarded pursuant to such Awards, and all other conditions of the Awards. The Committee may also provide for the grant of Common Stock under such Awards upon the completion of a specified Performance Period.

The Committee may condition the grant or vesting of Other Stock-Based Awards upon the attainment of specified Performance Goals as the Committee may determine, in its sole discretion; provided that to the extent that such Other Stock-Based Awards are intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, the Committee shall establish the objective Performance Goals for the grant or vesting of such Other Stock-Based Awards based on a Performance Period applicable to each Participant or class of Participants in writing prior to the beginning of the applicable Performance Period or at such later date as permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code and while the outcome of the Performance Goals are substantially uncertain. Such Performance Goals may incorporate, if and only to the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code, provisions for disregarding (or adjusting for) changes in accounting methods, corporate transactions (including, without limitation, dispositions and acquisitions) and other similar type events or circumstances. To the extent that any such provision would create impermissible discretion under Section 162(m) of the Code or otherwise violate Section 162(m) of the Code, such provision shall be of no force or effect, with respect to Performance Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code.

10.2 Terms and Conditions . Other Stock-Based Awards made pursuant to this Article X shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:

(a) Non-Transferability . Subject to the applicable provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, shares of Common Stock subject to Awards made under this Article X may not be Transferred prior to the date on which the shares are issued, or, if later, the date on which any applicable restriction, performance or deferral period lapses.

(b) Dividends . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of Award, subject to the provisions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, the recipient of an Award under this Article X shall not be entitled to receive, currently or on a deferred basis, dividends or dividend equivalents in respect of the number of shares of Common Stock covered by the Award.

(c) Vesting . Any Award under this Article X and any Common Stock covered by any such Award shall vest or be forfeited to the extent so provided in the Award Agreement, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion.

 

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(d) Price . Common Stock issued on a bonus basis under this Article X may be issued for no cash consideration. Common Stock purchased pursuant to a purchase right awarded under this Article X shall be priced, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

10.3 Other Cash-Based Awards . The Committee may from time to time grant Other Cash-Based Awards to Eligible Individuals in such amounts, on such terms and conditions, and for such consideration, including no consideration or such minimum consideration as may be required by applicable law, as it shall determine in its sole discretion. Other Cash-Based Awards may be granted subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions or may be awarded purely as a bonus and not subject to restrictions or conditions, and if subject to vesting conditions, the Committee may accelerate the vesting of such Awards at any time in its sole discretion. The grant of an Other Cash-Based Award shall not require a segregation of any of the Company’s assets for satisfaction of the Company’s payment obligation thereunder.

ARTICLE XI

CHANGE IN CONTROL PROVISIONS

11.1 Benefits . In the event of a Change in Control of the Company (as defined below), and except as otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, a Participant’s unvested Award shall not vest automatically and a Participant’s Award shall be treated in accordance with one or more of the following methods as determined by the Committee:

(a) Awards, whether or not then vested, shall be continued, assumed, or have new rights substituted therefor, as determined by the Committee in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and restrictions to which shares of Restricted Stock or any other Award granted prior to the Change in Control are subject shall not lapse upon a Change in Control and the Restricted Stock or other Award shall, where appropriate in the sole discretion of the Committee, receive the same distribution as other Common Stock on such terms as determined by the Committee; provided that the Committee may decide to award additional Restricted Stock or other Awards in lieu of any cash distribution. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, for purposes of Incentive Stock Options, any assumed or substituted Stock Option shall comply with the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.424-1 (and any amendment thereto).

(b) The Committee, in its sole discretion, may provide for the purchase of any Awards by the Company or an Affiliate for an amount of cash equal to the excess (if any) of the Change in Control Price (as defined below) of the shares of Common Stock covered by such Awards, over the aggregate exercise price of such Awards. For purposes hereof, Change in Control Price shall mean the highest price per share of Common Stock paid in any transaction related to a Change in Control of the Company.

(c) The Committee may, in its sole discretion, terminate all outstanding and unexercised Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, or any Other Stock-Based Award that provides for a Participant elected exercise, effective as of the date of the Change in Control, by delivering notice of termination to each Participant at least twenty (20) days prior to the date of consummation of the Change in Control, in which case during the period from the date on which such notice of termination is delivered to the consummation of the Change in Control, each such

 

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Participant shall have the right to exercise in full all of such Participant’s Awards that are then outstanding (without regard to any limitations on exercisability otherwise contained in the Award Agreements), but any such exercise shall be contingent on the occurrence of the Change in Control, and, provided that, if the Change in Control does not take place within a specified period after giving such notice for any reason whatsoever, the notice and exercise pursuant thereto shall be null and void.

(d) The Committee may, in its sole discretion, make any other determination as to the treatment of Awards in connection with such Change in Control as the Committee may determine. The treatment of Awards need not be the same for all Participants. Any escrow, holdback, earnout or similar provisions in the definitive relating to such transaction may apply to any payment to the holders of Awards to the same extent and in the same manner as such provisions apply to the holders of shares of Common Stock.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision herein to the contrary, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide for accelerated vesting or lapse of restrictions, of an Award at any time.

11.2 Change in Control . Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement or other written agreement with a Participant approved by the Committee, a Change in Control shall be deemed to occur if:

(a) any “person,” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than the Company, the Garcia Parties, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of Common Stock of the Company), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities;

(b) during any period of 24 consecutive calendar months, individuals who were directors of the Company on the first day of such period (the “ Incumbent Directors ”) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board; provided , however , that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the first day of such period whose election, or nomination for election, by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors will be considered as though such individual were an Incumbent Director, but excluding, for purposes of this proviso, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened proxy contest with respect to election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a “person” (as used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), in each case other than the Board;

(c) consummation of a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other business combination (any of the foregoing, a “ Business Combination ”) of the Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company with any other corporation, in any case with respect to which the Company voting securities outstanding immediately prior to such Business Combination do not, immediately following such Business Combination, continue to represent (either by remaining outstanding or being converted into voting securities of the Company or any ultimate parent thereof) more than 50% of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company (or its successor) or any ultimate parent thereof after the Business Combination; or

 

 

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(d) a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or the consummation of a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets other than the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a Person or Persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company at the time of the sale.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Award that is characterized as “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, an event shall not be considered to be a Change in Control under the Plan for purposes of payment of such Award unless such event is also a “change in ownership,” a “change in effective control” or a “change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.

11.3 Initial Public Offering not a Change in Control . Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of the Plan, the occurrence of the Registration Date or any change in the composition of the Board within one year following the Registration Date shall not be considered a Change in Control.

ARTICLE XII

TERMINATION OR AMENDMENT OF PLAN

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the Board may at any time, and from time to time, amend, in whole or in part, any or all of the provisions of the Plan (including any amendment deemed necessary to ensure that the Company may comply with any regulatory requirement referred to in Article XIV or Section 409A of the Code), or suspend or terminate it entirely, retroactively or otherwise; provided, however, that, unless otherwise required by law or specifically provided herein, the rights of a Participant with respect to Awards granted prior to such amendment, suspension or termination, may not be impaired without the consent of such Participant and, provided further, that without the approval of the holders of the Company’s Common Stock entitled to vote in accordance with applicable law, no amendment may be made that would (i) increase the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan (except by operation of Section 4.2); (ii) increase the maximum individual Participant limitations for a fiscal year under Section 4.1(b) (except by operation of Section 4.2); (iii) change the classification of individuals eligible to receive Awards under the Plan; (iv) decrease the minimum option price of any Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right; (v) extend the maximum option period under Section 6.4; (vi) alter the Performance Goals for Restricted Stock, Performance Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards as set forth in Exhibit  A hereto; (vii) award any Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right in replacement of a canceled Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right with a higher exercise price than the replacement award; or (viii) require stockholder approval in order for the Plan to continue to comply with the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code or, to the extent applicable to Incentive Stock Options, Section 422 of the Code. In no event may the Plan be amended without the approval of the stockholders of the Company in accordance with the applicable laws of the State of Delaware to increase the

 

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aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan, decrease the minimum exercise price of any Award, or to make any other amendment that would require stockholder approval under Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) rules and regulations or the rules of any exchange or system on which the Company’s securities are listed or traded at the request of the Company. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Board may amend the Plan or any Award Agreement at any time without a Participant’s consent to comply with applicable law including Section 409A of the Code. The Committee may amend the terms of any Award theretofore granted, prospectively or retroactively, but, subject to Article IV or as otherwise specifically provided herein, no such amendment or other action by the Committee shall impair the rights of any holder without the holder’s consent.

ARTICLE XIII

UNFUNDED STATUS OF PLAN

The Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred compensation. With respect to any payment as to which a Participant has a fixed and vested interest but which are not yet made to a Participant by the Company, nothing contained herein shall give any such Participant any right that is greater than those of a general unsecured creditor of the Company.

ARTICLE XIV

GENERAL PROVISIONS

14.1 Legend . The Committee may require each person receiving shares of Common Stock pursuant to a Stock Option or other Award under the Plan to represent to and agree with the Company in writing that the Participant is acquiring the shares of Common Stock without a view to distribution thereof. In addition to any legend required by the Plan, the certificates for such shares may include any legend that the Committee deems appropriate to reflect any restrictions on Transfer. All certificates for shares of Common Stock delivered under the Plan shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which the Common Stock is then listed or any national securities exchange system upon whose system the Common Stock is then quoted, any applicable federal or state securities law, and any applicable corporate law, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

14.2 Other Plans . Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements, subject to stockholder approval if such approval is required, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

14.3 No Right to Employment/Directorship/Consultancy . Neither the Plan nor the grant of any Option or other Award hereunder shall give any Participant or other employee, Consultant or Non-Employee Director any right with respect to continuance of employment, consultancy or directorship by the Company or any Affiliate, nor shall there be a limitation in any way on the right of the Company or any Affiliate by which an employee is employed or a Consultant or Non-Employee Director is retained to terminate such employment, consultancy or directorship at any time.

 

 

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14.4 Withholding of Taxes . The Company shall have the right to deduct from any payment to be made pursuant to the Plan, or to otherwise require, prior to the issuance or delivery of shares of Common Stock or the payment of any cash hereunder, payment by the Participant of, any federal, state or local taxes required by law to be withheld. Upon the vesting of Restricted Stock (or other Award that is taxable upon vesting), or upon making an election under Section 83(b) of the Code, a Participant shall pay all required withholding to the Company. Any minimum statutorily required withholding obligation with regard to any Participant may be satisfied, subject to the consent of the Committee, by reducing the number of shares of Common Stock otherwise deliverable or by delivering shares of Common Stock already owned. Any fraction of a share of Common Stock required to satisfy such tax obligations shall be disregarded and the amount due shall be paid instead in cash by the Participant.

14.5 No Assignment of Benefits . No Award or other benefit payable under the Plan shall, except as otherwise specifically provided by law or permitted by the Committee, be Transferable in any manner, and any attempt to Transfer any such benefit shall be void, and any such benefit shall not in any manner be liable for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagements or torts of any Person who shall be entitled to such benefit, nor shall it be subject to attachment or legal process for or against such Person.

14.6 Listing and Other Conditions .

(a) Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, as long as the Common Stock is listed on a national securities exchange or system sponsored by a national securities association, the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to an Award shall be conditioned upon such shares being listed on such exchange or system. The Company shall have no obligation to issue such shares unless and until such shares are so listed, and the right to exercise any Option or other Award with respect to such shares shall be suspended until such listing has been effected.

(b) If at any time counsel to the Company shall be of the opinion that any sale or delivery of shares of Common Stock pursuant to an Option or other Award is or may in the circumstances be unlawful or result in the imposition of excise taxes on the Company under the statutes, rules or regulations of any applicable jurisdiction, the Company shall have no obligation to make such sale or delivery, or to make any application or to effect or to maintain any qualification or registration under the Securities Act or otherwise, with respect to shares of Common Stock or Awards, and the right to exercise any Option or other Award shall be suspended until, in the opinion of said counsel, such sale or delivery shall be lawful or will not result in the imposition of excise taxes on the Company.

(c) Upon termination of any period of suspension under this Section 14.6, any Award affected by such suspension which shall not then have expired or terminated shall be reinstated as to all shares available before such suspension and as to shares which would otherwise have become available during the period of such suspension, but no such suspension shall extend the term of any Award.

 

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(d) A Participant shall be required to supply the Company with certificates, representations and information that the Company requests and otherwise cooperate with the Company in obtaining any listing, registration, qualification, exemption, consent or approval the Company deems necessary or appropriate.

14.7 Stockholders Agreement and Other Requirements . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, as a condition to the receipt of shares of Common Stock pursuant to an Award under the Plan, to the extent required by the Committee, the Participant shall execute and deliver a stockholder’s agreement or such other documentation that shall set forth certain restrictions on transferability of the shares of Common Stock acquired upon exercise or purchase, and such other terms as the Board or Committee shall from time to time establish. Such stockholder’s agreement or other documentation shall apply to the Common Stock acquired under the Plan and covered by such stockholder’s agreement or other documentation. The Company may require, as a condition of exercise, the Participant to become a party to any other existing stockholder agreement (or other agreement).

14.8 Governing Law . The Plan and actions taken in connection herewith shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware (regardless of the law that might otherwise govern under applicable Delaware principles of conflict of laws).

14.9 Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial . Any suit, action or proceeding with respect to the Plan or any Award Agreement, or any judgment entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in respect of any thereof, shall be resolved only in the courts of the State of Delaware or the United States District Court for the District of Delaware and the appellate courts having jurisdiction of appeals in such courts. In that context, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company and each Participant shall irrevocably and unconditionally (a) submit in any proceeding relating to the Plan or any Award Agreement, or for the recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof (a “ Proceeding ”), to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware, the court of the United States of America for the District of Delaware, and appellate courts having jurisdiction of appeals from any of the foregoing, and agree that all claims in respect of any such Proceeding shall be heard and determined in such Delaware State court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such federal court, (b) consent that any such Proceeding may and shall be brought in such courts and waives any objection that the Company and each Participant may now or thereafter have to the venue or jurisdiction of any such Proceeding in any such court or that such Proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agree not to plead or claim the same, (c) waive all right to trial by jury in any Proceeding (whether based on contract, tort or otherwise) arising out of or relating to the Plan or any Award Agreement, (d) agree that service of process in any such Proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy of such process by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such party, in the case of a Participant, at the Participant’s address shown in the books and records of the Company or, in the case of the Company, at the Company’s principal offices, attention General Counsel, and (e) agree that nothing in the Plan shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

 

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14.10 Construction . Wherever any words are used in the Plan in the masculine gender they shall be construed as though they were also used in the feminine gender in all cases where they would so apply, and wherever words are used herein in the singular form they shall be construed as though they were also used in the plural form in all cases where they would so apply.

14.11 Other Benefits . No Award granted or paid out under the Plan shall be deemed compensation for purposes of computing benefits under any retirement plan of the Company or its Affiliates nor affect any benefit under any other benefit plan now or subsequently in effect under which the availability or amount of benefits is related to the level of compensation.

14.12 Costs . The Company shall bear all expenses associated with administering the Plan, including expenses of issuing Common Stock pursuant to Awards hereunder.

14.13 No Right to Same Benefits . The provisions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant, and such Awards to individual Participants need not be the same in subsequent years.

14.14 Death/Disability . The Committee may in its discretion require the transferee of a Participant to supply it with written notice of the Participant’s death or Disability and to supply it with a copy of the will (in the case of the Participant’s death) or such other evidence as the Committee deems necessary to establish the validity of the transfer of an Award. The Committee may also require that the agreement of the transferee to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of the Plan.

14.15 Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act . All elections and transactions under the Plan by Persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act involving shares of Common Stock are intended to comply with any applicable exemptive condition under Rule 16b-3. The Committee may establish and adopt written administrative guidelines, designed to facilitate compliance with Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, as it may deem necessary or proper for the administration and operation of the Plan and the transaction of business thereunder.

14.16 Section 409A of the Code . The Plan is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code and shall be limited, construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent. To the extent that any Award is subject to Section 409A of the Code, it shall be paid in a manner that will comply with Section 409A of the Code, including proposed, temporary or final regulations or any other guidance issued by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service with respect thereto. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any provision in the Plan that is inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code shall be deemed to be amended to comply with Section 409A of the Code and to the extent such provision cannot be amended to comply therewith, such provision shall be null and void. The Company shall have no liability to a Participant, or any other party, if an Award that is intended to be exempt from, or compliant with, Section 409A of the Code is not so exempt or compliant or for any action taken by the Committee or the Company and, in the event that any amount or benefit under the Plan becomes subject to penalties under Section 409A of the Code, responsibility for payment of such penalties shall rest solely with the affected Participants and not with the Company. Notwithstanding any contrary provision in the Plan or Award Agreement, any payment(s) of “nonqualified deferred compensation” (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) that are otherwise required to be made under the Plan to a “specified employee” (as defined under Section 409A of the Code) as a result of such employee’s separation from service (other

 

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than a payment that is not subject to Section 409A of the Code) shall be delayed for the first six (6) months following such separation from service (or, if earlier, the date of death of the specified employee) and shall instead be paid (in a manner set forth in the Award Agreement) upon expiration of such delay period.

14.17 Successor and Assigns . The Plan shall be binding on all successors and permitted assigns of a Participant, including, without limitation, the estate of such Participant and the executor, administrator or trustee of such estate.

14.18 Severability of Provisions . If any provision of the Plan shall be held invalid or unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions hereof, and the Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such provisions had not been included.

14.19 Payments to Minors, Etc . Any benefit payable to or for the benefit of a minor, an incompetent Person or other Person incapable of receipt thereof shall be deemed paid when paid to such Person’s guardian or to the party providing or reasonably appearing to provide for the care of such Person, and such payment shall fully discharge the Committee, the Board, the Company, its Affiliates and their employees, agents and representatives with respect thereto.

14.20 Lock-Up Agreement . As a condition to the grant of an Award, if requested by the Company and the lead underwriter of any public offering of Common Stock (the Lead Underwriter ), a Participant shall irrevocably agree not to sell, contract to sell, grant any option to purchase, transfer the economic risk of ownership in, make any short sale of, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any interest in any Common Stock or any securities convertible into, derivative of, or exchangeable or exercisable for, or any other rights to purchase or acquire Common Stock (except Common Stock included in such public offering or acquired on the public market after such offering) during such period of time following the effective date of a registration statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act that the Lead Underwriter shall specify (the Lock - Up Period ). The Participant shall further agree to sign such documents as may be requested by the Lead Underwriter to effect the foregoing and agree that the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Award until the end of such Lock-Up Period.

14.21 Headings and Captions . The headings and captions herein are provided for reference and convenience only, shall not be considered part of the Plan, and shall not be employed in the construction of the Plan.

14.22 Section 162(m) of the Code . Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, (i) prior to the Registration Date and during the Transition Period, the provisions of the Plan requiring compliance with Section 162(m) of the Code for Awards intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” shall only apply to the extent required by Section 162(m) of the Code, and (ii) the provisions of the Plan requiring compliance with Section 162(m) of the Code shall not apply to Awards granted under the Plan that are not intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code.

 

 

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14.23 Post-Transition Period . Following the Transition Period, any Award granted under the Plan that is intended to be “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be subject to the approval of the material terms of the Plan by a majority of the stockholders of the Company in accordance with Section 162(m) of the Code and the treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.

14.24 Company Recoupment of Awards . A Participant’s rights with respect to any Award hereunder shall in all events be subject to (i) any right that the Company may have under any Company recoupment policy or other agreement or arrangement with a Participant, or (ii) any right or obligation that the Company may have regarding the clawback of “incentive-based compensation” under Section 10D of the Exchange Act and any applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder from time to time by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

ARTICLE XV

EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN

The Plan shall become effective on April 27, 2017, which is the date of its adoption by the Board, subject to the approval of the Plan by the stockholders of the Company in accordance with the requirements of the laws of the State of Delaware.

ARTICLE XVI

TERM OF PLAN

No Award shall be granted pursuant to the Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the earlier of the date that the Plan is adopted or the date of stockholder approval, but Awards granted prior to such tenth anniversary may extend beyond that date; provided that no Award (other than a Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right) that is intended to be “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code shall be granted on or after the fifth anniversary of the stockholder approval of the Plan unless the Performance Goals are re-approved (or other designated Performance Goals are approved) by the stockholders no later than the first stockholder meeting that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which stockholders approve the Performance Goals.

ARTICLE XVII

NAME OF PLAN

The Plan shall be known as the “Carvana Co. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan.”

 

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EXHIBIT A

PERFORMANCE GOALS

To the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code, performance goals established for purposes of Awards intended to be “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be based on the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase or decrease (as applicable) in one or more of the following performance goals:

 

    earnings per share;

 

    operating income;

 

    gross income;

 

    net income (before or after taxes);

 

    cash flow;

 

    gross profit;

 

    gross profit return on investment;

 

    gross margin return on investment;

 

    gross margin;

 

    operating margin;

 

    working capital;

 

    earnings before interest and taxes;

 

    earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization;

 

    adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization;

 

    return on equity;

 

    return on assets;

 

    return on capital;

 

    return on invested capital;

 

    net revenues;

 

    gross revenues;

 

    net recurring revenues;

 

    revenue growth;

 

    annual recurring revenues;

 

    recurring revenues;

 

    license revenues;

 

    sales or market share;

 

    total shareholder return;

 

    economic value added;

 

    specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in all or a portion of the Company’s bank debt or other long-term or short-term public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which may be calculated net of cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee in its sole discretion;

 

    the fair market value of a share of Common Stock;

 

    the growth in the value of an investment in the Common Stock assuming the reinvestment of dividends;

 

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    reduction in operating expenses;

 

    cash earnings per share;

 

    adjusted net income;

 

    adjusted net income per share;

 

    volume/volume growth;

 

    in year volume;

 

    merchant account production;

 

    distribution partner account production;

 

    new merchant locations;

 

    new merchant locations using a particular product;

 

    calculated attrition;

 

    product revenue;

 

    goals based on product performance;

 

    annual cash adjusted earnings per share growth;

 

    annual stock price growth;

 

    diluted earnings per share;

 

    total shareholder return positioning within a comparator group; or

 

    adjusted cash net income per share.

With respect to Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, also exclude, or adjust to reflect, the impact of an event or occurrence that the Committee determines should be appropriately excluded or adjusted, including:

(a) restructurings, discontinued operations, extraordinary items or events, and other unusual or non-recurring charges as described in Accounting Standards Codification 225-20, “Extraordinary and Unusual Items,” and/or management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing or incorporated by reference in the Company’s Form 10-K for the applicable year;

(b) an event either not directly related to the operations of the Company or not within the reasonable control of the Company’s management; or

(c) a change in tax law or accounting standards required by generally accepted accounting principles.

Performance goals may also be based upon individual participant performance goals, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. In addition, Awards that are not intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code may be based on the performance goals set forth herein or on such other performance goals as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

In addition, such performance goals may be based upon the attainment of specified levels of Company (or subsidiary, division, other operational unit, administrative department or product category of the Company) performance under one or more of the measures described above

 

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relative to the performance of other corporations. With respect to Awards that are intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code, to the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code, but only to the extent permitted under Section 162(m) of the Code (including, without limitation, compliance with any requirements for stockholder approval), the Committee may also:

(a) designate additional business criteria on which the performance goals may be based; or

(b) adjust, modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria.

 

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