As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 26, 2017
File Nos. 333-121061
811-05845
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☒ | |||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 | ☒ |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☒ | |||
Amendment No. 59 | ☒ |
Invesco
Senior Loan Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)
1555 Peachtree Street, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30309
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(713) 626-1919
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
John M. Zerr, Esq.
11 Greenway Plaza
Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77046
(713) 626-1919
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Amanda Roberts, Esquire Invesco Advisers, Inc. 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1800 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 |
E. Carolan Berkley, Esquire Stradley Ronan Stevens & Young, LLP 2005 Market Street, Suite 2600 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-7018 |
Approximate date of proposed public offering:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
☐ | Check box if any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan. |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
☐ | when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) |
☐ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486 |
☒ | On June 27, 2017 pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486 |
☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486 |
☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486 |
If appropriate, check the following box:
☐ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed registration statement. |
☐ | This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462 (b) under the Securities Act and the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is . |
Prospectus | June 27, 2017 | |
Class: A (VSLAX), B (VSLBX), C (VSLCX), Y (VSLYX), IB (XPRTX), IC (XSLCX) |
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Senior Loan Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. The Funds investment adviser seeks to achieve the Funds investment objective by investing primarily in adjustable rate senior loans.
As with all other mutual fund securities, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether the information in this prospectus is adequate or accurate. Anyone who tells you otherwise is committing a crime.
An investment in the Fund:
∎ | is not FDIC insured; |
∎ | may lose value; and |
∎ | is not guaranteed by a bank. |
Senior loans are loans that usually have a senior right to payment. They are made to corporations and other borrowers and are often secured by specific assets of the borrower. The Fund believes that investing in adjustable rate senior loans should limit fluctuations in net asset value caused by changes in interest rates. You should, however, expect the Funds net asset value to fluctuate as a result of changes in borrower credit quality and other factors.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You should carefully consider the risks of investing in the Fund, including that the Fund may invest all or a substantial portion of its assets in below investment grade senior loans, which are often referred to as high-yielding, high risk investments or junk investments. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.
This Prospectus offers three classes of common shares of beneficial interest (collectively, the Shares) of the Fund, designated as Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, and describes three other classes of Shares, designated as Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, which are not continuously offered. The Fund continuously offers its Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares through Invesco Distributors, Inc. (Invesco Distributors), as principal underwriter, and through selected broker-dealers and financial services firms. Invesco Distributors is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Shares, but will use its best efforts to sell the Shares. During the continuous offering, Shares will be sold at their offering price, which is net asset value per Share for each class of Shares plus sales charges, where applicable. See Fees and Expenses of the Fund and Purchase of Shares. As of June 15, 2017, the proceeds of the offering of the 132,374,063 shares currently registered but not yet issued or distributed are estimated at $871,503,753, subject to the expenses of issuance and distribution, and will be invested by the Fund over the course of the continuous offering, subject to any repurchases by the Fund. The expenses of issuance and distribution are included as Other Expenses under the section Fees and Expenses of the Fund. The only new Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares to be issued are those Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestment. Class B Shares of the Fund may also be issued in connection with an exchange from Class B Shares of other Invesco funds. The Funds Shares are not listed for trading on any national securities exchange. The Funds Shares have no trading market and no market is expected to develop. You should consider your investment in the Fund to be illiquid. In order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund will make monthly offers to repurchase a portion of its outstanding Shares at net asset value as described herein. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell your Shares at any given time.
The Fund will make monthly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, subject to certain conditions. The repurchase request deadline will be the third Friday of each calendar month (or the preceding business day if such third Friday is not a business day). The repurchase price will be the Funds net asset value as determined after the close of business on the repurchase pricing date. Under normal circumstances, the Fund expects that the repurchase pricing date will be the repurchase request deadline. The Fund generally will pay repurchase proceeds by the third business day after the repurchase pricing date, although payment for shares may be as many as seven days after the repurchase request deadline; in any event, the Fund will pay such proceeds at least five business days before notification of the next repurchase offer. See Repurchase of Shares.
This Prospectus sets forth the information about the Fund that you should know before investing. You should keep it for future reference. More information about the Fund, including a Statement of Additional Information dated June 27, 2017, and the Funds Annual and Semiannual Reports, has been filed with the SEC. This information is available upon written or oral request without charge from our web site at www.invesco.com/us. You may also get a copy of any of these materials, request other information about the Fund and make other inquiries by calling (800) 959-4246. The Funds Statement of Additional Information is incorporated herein by reference. A table of contents for the Statement of Additional Information is on page 74. The SEC maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains the Funds Statement of Additional Information, material incorporated by reference and other information about SEC registrants, including the Fund.
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Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund |
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Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information |
74 |
The following tables are intended to assist investors in understanding the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated with investing in the Fund. Investors may pay commissions and/or other forms of compensation to an intermediary, such as a broker, for transactions in Class Y shares, which are not reflected in the table or the example below.
1 | Reduced for purchases of $100,000 and over. See Purchase of Shares Class A Shares Sales Charge Schedule. |
2 | Investments of $1 million or more are not subject to any sales charge at the time of purchase, but an early withdrawal charge of 1.00% may be imposed on certain repurchases by the Fund made |
within eighteen months of purchase. See Purchase of Shares Class A Shares Sales Charge Schedule. |
3 | Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares are not continuously offered. Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares have no early withdrawal charges (the early withdrawal schedules applicable to the former Class B Shares and former Class C Shares outstanding on February 18, 2005 have been terminated). Shares acquired in connection with the reorganization of the Invesco Prime Income Trust will be subject to early withdrawal charges. See Repurchase of Shares Early Withdrawal Charges. |
4 | See Management of the Fund for additional information. |
5 | Class A Shares are subject to a combined annual distribution and service fee of up to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to such class of Shares. Class B Shares and Class C Shares are each subject to a combined annual distribution and service fee up to 1.00% of the average daily net assets attributable to each class of Shares. Class IC Shares are subject to a service fee of up to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to such class of Shares. The Funds Board of Trustees has only authorized the Fund to make service fee payments not to exceed 0.15% of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to Class IC Shares for any fiscal year. See Purchase of Shares. |
6 | While Class C Shares do not have any front-end sales charges, their higher ongoing annual expenses (due to higher distribution and service fees) mean that over time you could end up paying more for these Shares than if you were to pay front-end sales charges for Class A Shares. |
Example:
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the costs of investing in other funds.
The example assumes that you invest $1,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and the Fund repurchases all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Funds operating expenses remain the same each year (except for the ten-year amounts for Class B Shares which reflect the conversion of Class B Shares to Class A Shares eight years after the end of the calendar month in which the Shares were purchased) and that all dividends and other distributions are reinvested at net asset value. This example does not include commissions and/or other forms of compensation that investors may pay on transactions in Class Y shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
One
Year |
Three
Years |
Five
Years |
Ten
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class A Shares |
$ | 53 | $ | 95 | $ | 140 | $ | 264 | ||||||||
Class B Shares |
$ | 51 | $ | 80 | $ | 116 | $ | 239 | | |||||||
Class C Shares |
$ | 38 | $ | 87 | $ | 148 | $ | 314 | ||||||||
Class Y Shares |
$ | 18 | $ | 57 | $ | 98 | $ | 213 | ||||||||
Class IB Shares |
$ | 18 | $ | 57 | $ | 98 | $ | 213 | ||||||||
Class IC Shares |
$ | 20 | $ | 62 | $ | 106 | $ | 229 |
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You would pay the following expenses if you did not tender your Shares for repurchase by the Fund:
One
Year |
Three
Years |
Five
Years |
Ten
Years |
|||||||||||||
Class A Shares |
$ | 53 | $ | 95 | $ | 140 | $ | 264 | ||||||||
Class B Shares |
$ | 21 | $ | 65 | $ | 111 | $ | 239 | | |||||||
Class C Shares |
$ | 28 | $ | 87 | $ | 148 | $ | 314 | ||||||||
Class Y Shares |
$ | 18 | $ | 57 | $ | 98 | $ | 213 | ||||||||
Class IB Shares |
$ | 18 | $ | 57 | $ | 98 | $ | 213 | ||||||||
Class IC Shares |
$ | 20 | $ | 62 | $ | 106 | $ | 229 |
| Based on conversion to Class A Shares eight years after the end of the calendar month in which the Shares were purchased. |
The purpose of the table above is to assist you in understanding the various costs and expenses that an investor in the Fund will bear directly or indirectly.
This example should not be considered a representation of future expenses, and the Funds actual expenses may be more or less than those shown.
This summary is qualified by reference to the more detailed information included elsewhere in this Prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information.
The Fund
The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund completed an initial public offering in October 1989. The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 14, 1989, and was redomesticated as a Delaware statutory trust on October 15, 2012. The Fund has continuously offered its Shares since November 1989. The Funds investment adviser is Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the Adviser).
The Offering
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund continuously offers three classes of Shares Class A Shares, Class C Shares, and Class Y Shares, which are available to certain
investors as described under Purchase of Shares General through Invesco Distributors and through selected broker-dealers and financial services firms. Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares are not continuously offered. The only new Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares to be issued are those Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestments. Class B Shares of the Fund may also be issued in connection with an exchange from Class B Shares of other Invesco Funds. Shares are sold at their offering price, which is net asset value per Share for such class of Shares plus sales charges where applicable (see Purchases of Shares Class A Shares). Invesco Distributors pays the broker-dealers and financial services firms participating in the continuous offering.
Investment Objective
The Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. Although the Fund seeks capital preservation, it is not a money market fund or a certificate of deposit, and it differs substantially from these products with respect to risks and liquidity, among other factors. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You should carefully consider the risks of investing in the Fund. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.
Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund
The Fund invests under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in adjustable rate senior loans (Senior Loans). Senior Loans are loans made to borrowers that may be corporations, partnerships or other entities (Borrowers). These Borrowers operate in a variety of industries and geographic regions, although most Senior Loans are made to Borrowers that are organized or located in the U.S. Interest rates on Senior Loans may adjust over different time periods. Prime based and federal funds rate loans reset periodically
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when the underlying rate resets. London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) loans reset on set dates, typically every 30 to 90 days, but not to exceed one year.
Senior Loans generally are negotiated between a Borrower and several financial institution lenders (Lenders) represented by one or more Lenders acting as agent of all the Lenders (Agent). The Agent is responsible for negotiating the loan agreement (the Loan Agreement) that establishes the terms and conditions of the Senior Loan and the rights of the Borrower and the Lenders. The Fund may act as one of the group of original Lenders originating a Senior Loan, may purchase assignments of portions of Senior Loans from third parties and may invest in participations in Senior Loans. Senior Loans may include certain senior debt that is in the form of notes and not Loan Agreements. Senior Loans usually have the most senior position in a Borrowers capital structure or share the senior position with other senior debt securities of the Borrower. This capital structure position generally gives holders of Senior Loans a priority claim on some or all of the Borrowers assets in the event of default. Most of the Funds Senior Loan investments will be secured by specific assets of the Borrower. Senior Loans also have contractual terms designed to protect Lenders. The Fund generally acquires Senior Loans of Borrowers that, among other things, in the Advisers judgment, can make timely payments on their Senior Loans and that satisfy other credit standards established by the Adviser. The Fund may, however, invest all or a substantial portion of its assets in below investment grade Senior Loans, which are considered speculative by rating agencies (and are often referred to as high-yielding, high risk investments or as junk investments). Because of their protective features, the Adviser believes that Senior Loans of Borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty may represent attractive investment opportunities. Decisions to purchase or sell loans and securities are determined by the relative value considerations of the investment professionals that factor in economic and credit-related fundamentals, market supply and demand,
market dislocations and situation-specific opportunities. The purchase or sale of loans and securities may be related to a decision to alter the Funds macro risk exposure, a need to limit or reduce the Funds exposure to a particular security or issuer, degradation of an issuers credit quality, or general liquidity needs of the Fund.
Other investment policies. Other investment policies of the Fund include the following: the Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets, measured at the time of investment, in Senior Loans made to Borrowers that are organized or located in countries other than the U.S., provided that no more than 5% of these Senior Loans or other assets are non-U.S. dollar denominated; and, during normal market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in any combination of (1) warrants and equity securities, (2) high quality short-term debt securities, (3) other debt securities, including high-yield bonds and junior debt securities, (4) credit-linked deposits and (5) Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (U.S. TIPS) and other inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The Fund may also hold equity securities received as part of a reorganization or restructuring.
The Fund may utilize financial leverage (i) to provide the Fund with additional liquidity to meet its obligations to repurchase its Shares pursuant to its repurchase offers and (ii) for investment purposes (i.e., to use such financial leverage to purchase additional portfolio securities consistent with the Funds investment objective and primary investment strategy) to benefit the Funds Common Shares. Generally speaking, if the Fund can invest the proceeds from financial leverage (i.e., money from borrowings or issuing preferred shares) in portfolio securities that have higher rates of return than the costs of such financial leverage and other expenses of the Fund, then the holders of Common Shares would have a net benefit. The Funds policy on financial leverage allows the Fund to use financial leverage in the form of borrowings and/or preferred shares to the maximum extent allowable under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). The Adviser
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and the Funds Board of Trustees will regularly review the Funds use of financial leverage (i.e., the relative costs and benefits of leverage on the Funds Common Shares) and review the alternative means to leverage (i.e., the relative benefits and costs of borrowing versus issuing preferred shares).
The Fund may also invest in collateralized loan obligations and collateralized debt obligations, which are debt instruments backed solely by a pool of bonds, loans and/or other debt securities.
The Fund can invest in derivative instruments including swap contracts and forward foreign currency contracts.
The Fund can use swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, to hedge or adjust its exposure to interest rates. The Fund can also use swap contracts, including credit default swaps, to enhance the yield on its portfolio or to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes.
The Fund can engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot basis (i.e., for prompt delivery and settlement at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time) or through forward foreign currency contracts to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure.
The Fund can invest in structured notes and credit-linked notes. The Fund can use structured notes and credit linked notes to enhance the yield on its portfolio or to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes.
Certain investment practices. The Fund may use various investment practices that involve special risks, including engaging in interest rate and other hedging and risk management transactions. See Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund.
Anti-takeover provisions. The Funds Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could limit the ability of other persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees. See Description of Shares Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
Principal Risks
As with any investment, loss of money is a risk of investing. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency. The risks associated with an investment in the Fund can increase during times of significant market volatility. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed securities, including collateralized debt obligations, are subject to prepayment or call risk, which is the risk that a borrowers payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans, which could result in the Fund reinvesting these early payments at lower interest rates, thereby reducing the Funds income. Asset-backed securities also are subject to extension risk, which is the risk that a rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments, causing the price of the asset-backed securities and the Funds share price to fall.
Banking and Financial Services Industry Focus Risk. From time to time, the Fund may invest more than 25% of its assets in unsecured bank instruments, including but not limited to certificates of deposit and time deposits, or securities that may have guarantees or credit and liquidity enhancements provided by banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions. To the extent the Fund focuses its investments in these instruments or securities, the Funds performance will depend on the overall condition of those industries and the individual banks and financial institutions in which the Fund invests (directly or indirectly), the supply of short-term financing, changes in government regulation, changes in interest rates, and economic downturns in the United States and abroad.
Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in bank loans including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading
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activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods may impair the Funds ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations. The risk of holding bank loans is also directly tied to the risk of insolvency or bankruptcy of the issuing banks. These risks could cause the Fund to lose income or principal on a particular investment, which in turn could affect the Funds returns. The value of bank loans can be affected by and sensitive to changes in government regulation and to economic downturns in the United States and abroad. Bank loans generally are floating rate loans, which are subject to interest rate risk as the interest paid on the floating rate loans adjusts periodically based on changes in widely accepted reference rates. Bank loans held by the Fund might not be considered securities for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and therefore a risk exists that purchasers, such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud provisions of those Acts.
Borrower Credit Risk. Senior Loans, like most other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of default. Default in the payment of interest or principal on a Senior Loan will result in a reduction in income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the Senior Loan and a potential decrease in the Funds net asset value. The risk of default will increase in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase in interest rates.
The Fund may acquire Senior Loans of Borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty, including Senior Loans issued in highly leveraged transactions. The Fund may even acquire and retain in its portfolio Senior Loans of Borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Because of the protective terms of Senior Loans, the Adviser believes that the Fund is more likely to recover more of its
investment in a defaulted Senior Loan than would be the case for most other types of defaulted debt securities. Nevertheless, even in the case of collateralized Senior Loans, there is no assurance that sale of the collateral would raise enough cash to satisfy the Borrowers payment obligation or that the collateral can or will be liquidated. In the case of bankruptcy, liquidation may not occur and the court may not give Lenders the full benefit of their senior position. Uncollateralized Senior Loans involve a greater risk of loss.
Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions Risk. The current low interest rate environment was created in part by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and certain foreign central banks keeping the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates near, at or below zero. Increases in the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates may expose fixed income markets to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity for certain fixed income investments, particularly those with longer maturities. In addition, decreases in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may also potentially lead to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity in the fixed income markets. As a result, the value of the Funds investments and share price may decline. Changes in central bank policies could also result in higher than normal shareholder redemptions, which could potentially increase portfolio turnover and the Funds transaction costs.
Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk. CLOs are subject to the risks of substantial losses due to actual defaults by underlying borrowers, which will be greater during periods of economic or financial stress. CLOs may also lose value due to collateral defaults and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of CLOs will be greater if the Fund invests in CLOs that hold loans of uncreditworthy borrowers or if the Fund holds subordinate tranches of the CLO that absorbs losses from the defaults before senior tranches. In addition, CLOs are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk.
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Credit Linked Notes Risk. Risks of credit linked notes include those risks associated with the underlying reference obligation including but not limited to market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, default risk and, in some cases, foreign currency risk. An investor in a credit linked note bears counterparty risk or the risk that the issuer of the credit linked note will default or become bankrupt and not make timely payment of principal and interest of the structured security. Credit linked notes may be less liquid than other investments and therefore harder to dispose of at the desired time and price. In addition, credit linked notes may be leveraged and, as a result, small changes in the value of the underlying reference obligation may produce disproportionate losses to the Fund.
Debt Securities Risk. The prices of debt securities held by the Fund will be affected by changes in interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer and other factors. An increase in prevailing interest rates typically causes the value of existing debt securities to fall and often has a greater impact on longer-duration debt securities and higher quality debt securities. Falling interest rates will cause the Fund to reinvest the proceeds of debt securities that have been repaid by the issuer at lower interest rates. Falling interest rates may also reduce the Funds distributable income because interest payments on floating rate debt instruments held by the Fund will decline. The Fund could lose money on investments in debt securities if the issuer or borrower fails to meet its obligations to make interest payments and/or to repay principal in a timely manner. Changes in an issuers financial strength, the markets perception of such strength or in the credit rating of the issuer or the security may affect the value of debt securities. The Advisers credit analysis may fail to anticipate such changes, which could result in buying a debt security at an inopportune time or failing to sell a debt security in advance of a price decline or other credit event.
Defaulted Securities Risk. Defaulted securities pose a greater risk that principal will not be repaid than non-defaulted securities. Defaulted securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Derivatives Risk. The value of a derivative instrument depends largely on (and is derived from) the value of an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or other asset (each referred to as an underlying asset). In addition to risks relating to the underlying assets, the use of derivatives may include other, possibly greater, risks, including counterparty, leverage and liquidity risks. Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty to the derivative contract will default on its obligation to pay the Fund the amount owed or otherwise perform under the derivative contract. Derivatives create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by owning the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative, which may make the Funds returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may also be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be harder to value, less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the Funds ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. Also, derivatives used for hedging or to gain or limit exposure to a particular market segment may not provide the expected benefits, particularly during adverse market conditions.
Financial Leverage. There are risks associated with borrowing or issuing preferred shares in an effort to increase the yield and distributions on the Common Shares, including that the costs of the financial leverage exceed the income from investments made with such leverage, the higher volatility of the net asset value of the Common Shares, and that fluctuations in the interest rates on the borrowing or dividend rates on preferred shares may affect the yield and distributions to the Common Shareholders. The Funds use of leverage also may impair the ability of the Fund to maintain
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its qualification for federal income tax purposes, as a regulated investment company.
As long as the Fund is able to invest the proceeds of any financial leverage in senior loans or other investments that provide a higher net return than the current cost of such financial leverage (i.e., the current interest rate on any borrowing or dividend rate of any preferred shares after taking into account the expenses of any borrowing or preferred shares offering) and the Funds operating expenses, the effect of leverage will be to cause the Common Shareholders to realize a higher current rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged. However, if the current costs of financial leverage were to exceed the return on such proceeds after expenses (which the Adviser believes to be an unlikely scenario), the Common Shareholders would have a lower rate of return than if the Fund had an unleveraged capital structure.
During any annual period when the Fund has a net payable on the interest due on borrowings or the dividends due on any outstanding preferred shares, the failure to pay on such amounts would preclude the Fund from paying dividends on the Common Shares. The rights of lenders to the Fund to receive interest on and repayment of principal on any borrowings will be senior to those of the holders of the Common Shares, and the terms of any such borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to holders of Common Shares in certain circumstances, and may require the Fund to pledge assets to secure such borrowings. Further, the terms of such borrowings may, and the 1940 Act does (in certain circumstances), grant to the lenders to the Fund certain voting rights in the event of default in the payment of interest on or repayment of principal. In addition, under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration and after deducting the amount of such dividend or distribution, the Fund is in compliance with the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. Such prohibition on the payment of dividends or distributions might
impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification, for federal income tax purposes, as a regulated investment company. The Fund intends, however, to the extent possible, to repay borrowings or redeem any outstanding preferred securities from time to time if necessary, which may involve the payment by the Fund of a premium and the sale by the Fund of portfolio securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so, to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements.
If there are preferred shares issued and outstanding, holders of the preferred shares will elect two Trustees. In addition, the terms of any preferred shares or borrowing may entitle holders of the preferred shares or lenders, as the case may be, to elect a majority of the Board of Trustees in certain other circumstances.
Foreign Investments Risk. The Funds foreign investments may be adversely affected by political and social instability, changes in economic or taxation policies, difficulty in enforcing obligations, decreased liquidity or increased volatility. Foreign investments also involve the risk of the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the issuer or foreign deposits (in which the Fund could lose its entire investments in a certain market) and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls. Unless the Fund has hedged its foreign securities risk, foreign securities risk also involves the risk of negative foreign currency rate fluctuations, which may cause the value of securities denominated in such foreign currency (or other instruments through which the Fund has exposure to foreign currencies) to decline in value. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency hedging strategies, if used, are not always successful.
High Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bond) Risk. Investments in high yield debt securities (junk bonds) and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. These securities are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuers ability to pay interest and principal when due, are more susceptible to default
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or decline in market value and are less liquid than investment grade debt securities. Prices of high yield debt securities tend to be very volatile.
High Yield Senior Loans Risk. Investments in high yield Senior Loans (junk investments) and other lower-rated Senior Loans will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. These Senior Loans are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuers ability to pay interest and principal when due, are more susceptible to default or decline in market value and are less liquid than investment grade debt securities. Prices of high yield Senior Loans tend to be very volatile.
Inflation-Indexed Securities Risk. The values of inflation-indexed securities generally fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, and the Funds income from its investments in these securities is likely to fluctuate considerably more than the income distributions of its investments in more traditional fixed-income securities.
Liquidity Risk. The Fund may be unable to sell illiquid investments at the time or price it desires and, as a result, could lose its entire investment in such investments. Liquid securities can become illiquid during periods of market stress. If a significant amount of the Funds securities become illiquid, the Fund may not be able to timely pay redemption proceeds and may need to sell securities at significantly reduced prices.
Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and depends heavily on the Advisers judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Funds portfolio. The Fund could experience losses if these judgments prove to be incorrect. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may adversely affect management of the Fund and, therefore, the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
Market Risk. The market values of the Funds investments, and therefore the value of the Funds shares, will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single
issuer, industry or section of the economy, or it may affect the market as a whole. Individual stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of certain other types of investments, such as bonds. During a general downturn in the financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that specific investments held by the Fund will rise in value.
No Trading Market for Shares. The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and not as a trading vehicle. While there is no restriction on transferring the Shares, the Fund does not intend to list the Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares. An investment in the Shares is illiquid. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of the Shares that you desire to sell in any repurchase offer by the Fund.
Repurchase Offer Risks. If the Fund repurchases more Shares than it is able to sell, the Funds net assets may decline and its expense ratios may increase, and the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected. Moreover, this may force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell, and the Fund may be forced to dispose of Fund assets that may have declined in value. The Fund may borrow money to, among other things, finance repurchases of Shares. The rights of any lenders to the Fund to receive payments of interest on and repayments of principal of any borrowings will be senior to the rights of shareholders. The loan agreement for any borrowing likely will limit certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to holders of Shares in certain circumstances. Interest payments and fees incurred in connection with borrowings to finance repurchases of Shares will reduce the amount of net income available for payment to shareholders and may increase volatility of the net asset value of the Common Shares. See also the next section above on Financial leverage and the section of the Prospectus entitled Repurchase of Shares.
10
Warrants, Equity Securities and Junior Debt Securities. Warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities have a subordinate claim on a Borrowers assets as compared with Senior Loans. As a result, the values of warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities generally are more dependent on the financial condition of the Borrower and less dependent on fluctuations in interest rates than are the values of many debt securities. The values of warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities may be more volatile than those of Senior Loans and thus may increase the volatility of the Funds net asset value. Additionally, warrants may be significantly less valuable on their relevant expiration date resulting in a loss of money or they may expire worthless resulting in a total loss of the investment. Warrants may also be postponed or terminated early resulting in a partial or total loss of the investment. Warrants may also be illiquid.
Repurchase Offers
The Fund has a fundamental policy whereby it commits to make offers to repurchase Shares of the Fund. In order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund will make monthly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, subject to certain conditions. The repurchase request deadline will be the third Friday of each calendar month (or the preceding business day if such third Friday is not a business day). The repurchase price will be the Funds net asset value as determined after the close of business on the repurchase pricing date. Under normal circumstances, the Fund expects that the repurchase pricing date will be the repurchase request deadline. The Fund generally will pay repurchase proceeds by the third business day after the repurchase pricing date, although payment for Shares may be as many as seven days after the repurchase request deadline; in any event, the Fund will pay such proceeds at least five business days before notification of the next repurchase offer.
The Fund will impose an early withdrawal charge payable to Invesco Distributors on most Class B Shares accepted for repurchase that have been held for less than five years of up to 3%, and on most
Class C Shares accepted for repurchase that have been held for less than one year of up to 1%. There is generally no early withdrawal charge on Class A Shares, although the Fund in certain circumstances may impose an early withdrawal charge on Class A Shares accepted for repurchase by the Fund which have been held for less than eighteen months. See Purchase of Shares Class A Shares. There are no early withdrawal charges on Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares or Class IC Shares. The Fund may borrow to, among other things, finance repurchases of Shares. Borrowings entail additional risks.
Investment Adviser
Invesco Advisers, Inc. is the Funds investment adviser. See Management of the Fund.
Investment Sub-Adviser
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. is the Funds investment sub-adviser. See Management of the Fund.
Administrator
Invesco Advisers, Inc., the Funds investment adviser, also serves as the Funds administrator (in such capacity, the Administrator). See Management of the Fund.
Distribution Plan and Service Plan
The Fund has adopted a distribution plan (the Distribution Plan) with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares and in so doing has agreed to comply with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, as if the Fund were an open-end investment company. The Fund also has adopted a service plan (the Service Plan) with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares. There is no Distribution Plan or Service Plan for Class Y Shares or Class IB Shares and no Distribution Plan for Class IC Shares. Under the Distribution Plan, the Fund pays distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares. Under the Service Plan, the Fund pays service fees in connection with the
11
provision of ongoing services to shareholders of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares and the maintenance of such shareholders accounts. See Purchase of Shares Distribution Plan and Service Plan.
Distributions
The Fund plans to make monthly distributions of substantially all net investment income. Distributions cannot be assured, and the amount of each distribution is likely to vary. Net capital gain, if any, will be distributed at least annually. A convenient way for investors to accumulate additional Shares is by reinvesting dividends and distributions in Shares of the Fund. Such Shares are acquired at net asset value per Share (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or distribution. Unless the shareholder instructs otherwise, with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, the reinvestment plan is automatic. With respect to Class IC Shares and Class IB Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of dividends and distributions will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instructions.
Investor Profile
In light of the Funds investment objective and principal investment strategies, the Fund may be appropriate for investors who:
| seek high current income |
| wish to add to their investment portfolio a fund that invests primarily in adjustable rate senior loans |
An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program, and investors should consider their long-term investment goals and financial needs when making an investment decision about the Fund. An investment in the Fund is intended to be a long-term investment, and the Fund should not be used as a trading vehicle.
12
The following schedules present financial highlights for one Share of the respective class of the Fund outstanding for the periods indicated. The ratio of expenses to average net assets listed in the tables below for each class of shares of the Fund are based on the average net assets of the Fund for each of the periods listed in the tables. To the extent that the Funds average net assets decrease over the Funds next fiscal year, such expenses can be expected to increase because certain fixed costs will be spread over a smaller amount of assets. The information for the fiscal years ended prior to June 1, 2010 has been audited by the Funds former independent registered public accounting firm. The information for the fiscal years ended after June 1, 2010 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds most recent financial statements, may be obtained from the Funds web site at www.invesco.com/us or by calling the telephone number on the last page of this Prospectus. This information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in the Funds Annual Report.
Class A |
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Years Ended February 28, |
Year Ended
February 29, 2012 |
Seven Months
Ended February 28, 2011 |
Years Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 5.81 | $ | 6.76 | $ | 6.99 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | $ | 8.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net investment income (a) |
0.34 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.86 | (0.94 | ) | (0.23 | ) | 0.17 | 0.34 | (0.15 | ) | 0.44 | 0.76 | (1.86 | ) | (1.17 | ) | (0.29 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
1.20 | (0.56 | ) | 0.13 | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.18 | 0.62 | 1.04 | (1.46 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 0.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.32 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | | | | (0.04 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.33 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 6.68 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.76 | $ | 6.99 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total return at net asset value | 20.97% | (b)(c) | (8.65 | )%(b)(c) | 1.88% | (b)(c) | 7.58% | (b)(c) | 11.56% | (b)(c) | 2.80% | (b)(c) | 9.97% | (b)(c) | 18.78% | (b) | (18.60 | )%(d) | (6.70 | )%(d) | 4.06% | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 121,627 | $ | 115,036 | $ | 182,673 | $ | 232,475 | $ | 123,447 | $ | 122,252 | $ | 173,137 | $ | 188,589 | $ | 166,448 | $ | 281,436 | $ | 544,723 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (e) |
73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | 101% | 87% | 44% | 55% | 33% | 35% | 74% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: |
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Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.06% | (c)(f) | 1.98% | (c) | 1.90% | (c) | 1.92% | (c) | 1.71% | (c) | 1.74% | (c) | 1.71% | (c)(g) | 1.89% | 2.34% | 2.51% | 2.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
1.67% | (c)(f) | 1.68% | (c) | 1.66% | (c) | 1.66% | (c) | 1.40% | (c) | 1.47% | (c) | 1.37% | (c)(g) | 1.57% | 1.86% | 1.44% | 1.41% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.06% | (c)(f) | 1.98% | (c) | 1.90% | (c) | 1.92% | (c) | 1.94% | (c) | 1.99% | (c) | 1.96% | (c)(g) | 2.14% | 2.59% | 2.76% | 2.75% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
5.34% | (c)(f) | 5.82% | (c) | 5.16% | (c) | 4.92% | (c) | 5.98% | (c) | 5.10% | (c) | 4.86% | (c)(g) | 4.53% | 7.57% | 7.55% | 7.34% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowings (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | $ | 211,000 | $ | 228,000 | $ | 178,000 | $ | 198,000 | $ | 132,000 | $ | 458,000 | $ | 555,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (h) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,732 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 8,538 | $ | 4,538 | $ | 5,543 |
13
(a) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(c) | The total return, ratio of expenses to average net assets and ratio of net investment income to average net assets reflect actual 12b-1 fees of 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.04%, 0.00% and 0.00% for the Years Ended February 28, 2017, February 29, 2016, February 28, 2015, February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013, February 29, 2012 and the Seven Months Ended February 28, 2011, respectively. |
(d) | Assumes reinvestment of all distributions for the period and does not include payment of the maximum sales charge of 3.25% or early withdrawal charge. On purchases of $1 million or more, an early withdrawal charge of 1% may be imposed on certain repurchases by the Fund made within eighteen months of purchase. If the sales charges were included, total returns would be lower. These returns include combined distribution and service fees of up to 0.25% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the repurchases by the Fund of Fund shares. |
(e) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. Calculation includes the proceeds from principal repayments and sales of variable rate senior loan interests. For the period ended February 29, 2012, the portfolio turnover calculation excludes the value of securities purchased of $614,414,753 and sold of $43,505,288 in the effort to realign the Funds portfolio holdings after the reorganization of Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Fund. |
(f) | Ratios are based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $117,071. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
14
Class B |
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Year Ended
2016 |
Years Ended February 28, |
Year Ended
February 29, 2012 |
Seven Months
Ended February 28, 2011 |
Years Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 5.81 | $ | 6.76 | $ | 7.02 | $ | 6.91 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | $ | 8.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net investment income (a) |
0.34 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 0.60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.86 | (0.94 | ) | (0.23 | ) | 0.18 | 0.34 | (0.15 | ) | 0.44 | 0.77 | (1.86 | ) | (1.17 | ) | (0.30 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
1.20 | (0.56 | ) | 0.13 | 0.52 | 0.73 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 1.00 | (1.50 | ) | (0.62 | ) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: |
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Dividends from net investment income |
(0.32 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (0.64 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | | | | (0.03 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.33 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (0.64 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period | $ | 6.68 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.76 | $ | 7.02 | $ | 6.91 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total return at net asset value |
20.97% | (b)(c) | (8.65 | )%(b)(c) | 1.82% | (b)(c) | 7.72% | (b)(c) | 11.38% | (b)(c) | 2.03% | (b)(c) | 9.50% | (b)(c) | 17.90% | (b) | (19.24 | )%(d) | (7.43 | )%(d) | 3.29% | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 1,633 | $ | 2,411 | $ | 6,704 | $ | 10,575 | $ | 12,888 | $ | 14,948 | $ | 19,455 | $ | 17,902 | $ | 16,974 | $ | 29,589 | $ | 41,461 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (e) |
73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | 101% | 87% | 44% | 55% | 33% | 35% | 74% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.06% | (c)(f) | 1.98% | (c) | 1.90% | (c) | 1.92% | (c) | 1.84% | (c) | 2.49% | (c) | 2.46% | (c)(g) | 2.64% | 3.11% | 3.24% | 3.28% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
1.67% | (c)(f) | 1.68% | (c) | 1.66% | (c) | 1.66% | (c) | 1.53% | (c) | 2.22% | (c) | 2.12% | (c)(g) | 2.32% | 2.63% | 2.20% | 2.18% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.06% | (c)(f) | 1.98% | (c) | 1.90% | (c) | 1.92% | (c) | 2.07% | (c) | 2.74% | (c) | 2.71% | (c)(g) | 2.89% | 3.36% | 3.49% | 3.53% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
5.34% | (c)(f) | 5.82% | (c) | 5.16% | (c) | 4.92% | (c) | 5.85% | (c) | 4.35% | (c) | 4.10% | (c)(g) | 3.79% | 6.85% | 6.76% | 6.67% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowing (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | $ | 211,000 | $ | 228,000 | $ | 178,000 | $ | 198,000 | $ | 132,000 | $ | 458,000 | $ | 555,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (h) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,732 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 8,538 | $ | 4,538 | $ | 5,543 |
(a) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(c) | The total return, ratio of expenses to average net assets and ratio of net investment income to average net assets reflect actual 12b-1 fees of 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.17%, 0.75% and 0.75% for the Years Ended February 28, 2017, February 29, 2016, February 28, 2015, February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013, February 29, 2012 and the Seven Months Ended February 28, 2011, respectively. |
(d) | Assumes reinvestment of all distributions for the period and does not include payment of the maximum early withdrawal charge of 3%, charged on certain repurchases by the Fund made within one year of purchase and declining to 0% after the fifth year. If the sales charges were included, total returns would be lower. These returns include combined distribution and service fees of up to 1% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the repurchases by the Fund of Fund shares. |
(e) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. Calculation includes the proceeds from principal repayments and sales of variable rate senior loan interests. For the period ended February 29, 2012, the portfolio turnover calculation excludes the value of securities purchased of $614,414,753 and sold of $43,505,288 in the effort to realign the Funds portfolio holdings after the reorganization of Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Fund. |
(f) | Ratios are based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $2,065. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
15
Class C |
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Years Ended February 28, |
Year Ended
February 29, 2012 |
Seven Months
Ended February 28, 2011 |
Years Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 5.82 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | $ | 8.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net investment income (a) |
0.29 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 0.59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.87 | (0.94 | ) | (0.24 | ) | 0.18 | 0.33 | (0.15 | ) | 0.44 | 0.77 | (1.86 | ) | (1.17 | ) | (0.29 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
1.16 | (0.61 | ) | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 1.00 | (1.50 | ) | (0.62 | ) | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: |
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Dividends from net investment income |
(0.27 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (0.64 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | | | | (0.03 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.28 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.28 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (0.64 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period | $ | 6.70 | $ | 5.82 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.48 | $ | 8.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total return at net asset value |
20.24% | (b)(c) | (9.38 | )%(b)(c) | 1.06% | (b)(c) | 6.93% | (b)(c) | 10.67% | (b)(c) | 2.03% | (b)(c) | 9.50% | (b)(c) | 17.90% | (b) | (19.24 | )%(d) | (7.43 | )%(d) | 3.29% | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 117,699 | $ | 116,229 | $ | 178,395 | $ | 195,205 | $ | 142,143 | $ | 147,551 | $ | 195,963 | $ | 207,828 | $ | 196,591 | $ | 338,551 | $ | 563,548 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (e) |
73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | 101% | 87% | 44% | 55% | 33% | 35% | 74% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.81% | (c)(f) | 2.73% | (c) | 2.65% | (c) | 2.67% | (c)(f) | 2.46% | (c) | 2.49% | (c) | 2.46% | (c)(g) | 2.64% | 3.10% | 3.26% | 3.25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
2.42% | (c)(f) | 2.43% | (c) | 2.41% | (c) | 2.41% | (c)(f) | 2.15% | (c) | 2.22% | (c) | 2.12% | (c)(g) | 2.32% | 2.62% | 2.20% | 2.16% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
2.81% | (c)(f) | 2.73% | (c) | 2.65% | (c) | 2.67% | (c)(f) | 2.69% | (c) | 2.74% | (c) | 2.71% | (c)(g) | 2.89% | 3.35% | 3.51% | 3.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
4.59% | (c)(f) | 5.07% | (c) | 4.41% | (c) | 4.17% | (c)(f) | 5.23% | (c) | 4.35% | (c) | 4.11% | (c)(g) | 3.79% | 6.83% | 6.79% | 6.55% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowing (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | $ | 211,000 | $ | 228,000 | $ | 178,000 | $ | 198,000 | $ | 132,000 | $ | 458,000 | $ | 555,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (h) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,732 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 8,538 | $ | 4,538 | $ | 5,543 |
(a) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(c) | The total return, ratio of expenses to average net assets and ratio of net investment income to average net assets reflect actual 12b-1 fees of 1.00%, 1.00%, 1.00%, 1.00%, 0.79%, 0.75% and 0.75% for the Years Ended February 28, 2017, February 29, 2016, February 28, 2015, February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013, February 29, 2012 and the Seven Months Ended February 28, 2011, respectively. |
(d) | Assumes reinvestment of all distributions for the period and does not include payment of the maximum early withdrawal charge of 1%, charged on certain repurchases by the Fund made within one year of purchase. If the sales charges were included, total returns would be lower. These returns include combined distribution and service fees of up to 1% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the repurchases by the Fund of Fund shares. |
(e) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. Calculation includes the proceeds from principal repayments and sales of variable rate senior loan interests. For the period ended February 29, 2012, the portfolio turnover calculation excludes the value of securities purchased of $614,414,753 and sold of $43,505,288 in the effort to realign the Funds portfolio holdings after the reorganization of Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Fund. |
(f) | Ratios are annualized and based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $118,253. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
16
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
November 8, 2013
February 28, 2014 (a) |
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Class Y |
Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Year Ended
February 28, 2015 |
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Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.96 | ||||||||
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Net investment income (b) |
0.36 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.85 | (0.95 | ) | (0.23 | ) | 0.04 | ||||||||||
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Total from investment operations | 1.21 | (0.55 | ) | 0.15 | 0.15 | |||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(0.33 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.10 | ) | ||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | ||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.34 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.11 | ) | ||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period | $ | 6.68 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | ||||||||
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Total return at net asset value (c) | 21.27% | (8.53 | )% | 2.16% | 2.22% | |||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) | $ | 2,037 | $ | 1,108 | $ | 2,433 | $ | 2,357 | ||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (d) | 73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | ||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.81% | (e) | 1.73% | 1.65% | 1.60% | (f) | ||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
1.42% | (e) | 1.43% | 1.41% | 1.37% | (f) | ||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.81% | (e) | 1.73% | 1.65% | 1.60% | (f) | ||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements | 5.59% | (e) | 6.07% | 5.41% | 5.24% | (f) | ||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||
Total borrowings (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | ||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (g) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 |
(a) | Commencement date of November 8, 2013. |
(b) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(c) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(d) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(e) | Ratios are based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $1,356. |
(f) | Annualized. |
(g) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
17
Class IB |
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Years Ended February 28, |
Year Ended
February 29, 2012 |
Seven Months
Ended February 28, 2011 |
Years Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 8.66 | $ | 9.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net investment income (a) |
0.36 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.86 | (0.94 | ) | (0.22 | ) | 0.18 | 0.34 | (0.15 | ) | 0.44 | 0.76 | (1.87 | ) | (1.17 | ) | (0.32 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
1.22 | (0.55 | ) | 0.15 | 0.54 | 0.74 | 0.18 | 0.62 | 1.04 | (1.47 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: |
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Dividends from net investment income |
(0.33 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | | | | (0.04 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.34 | ) | (0.41 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period | $ | 6.69 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 8.66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total return at net asset value |
21.45% | (b) | (8.53 | )%(b) | 2.16% | (b) | 8.00% | (b) | 11.59% | (b) | 2.80% | (b) | 9.97% | (b) | 18.77% | (b) | (18.56 | )%(c) | (6.69 | )%(c) | 4.05% | (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 552,939 | $ | 523,422 | $ | 682,816 | $ | 805,123 | $ | 877,598 | $ | 943,491 | $ | 526,800 | $ | 527,108 | $ | 520,252 | $ | 815,141 | $ | 1,131,807 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (d) |
73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | 101% | 87% | 44% | 55% | 33% | 35% | 74% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.81% | (e) | 1.73% | 1.65% | 1.67% | 1.67% | 1.74% | 1.71% | (f) | 1.89% | 2.34% | 2.49% | 2.54% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
1.42% | (e) | 1.43% | 1.41% | 1.41% | 1.36% | 1.47% | 1.37% | (f) | 1.57% | 1.88% | 1.45% | 1.43% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.81% | (e) | 1.73% | 1.65% | 1.67% | 1.69% | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
5.59% | (e) | 6.07% | 5.41% | 5.17% | 6.02% | 5.10% | 4.85% | (f) | 4.54% | 7.60% | 7.51% | 7.49% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowings (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | $ | 211,000 | $ | 228,000 | $ | 178,000 | $ | 198,000 | $ | 132,000 | $ | 458,000 | $ | 555,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (g) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,732 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 8,538 | $ | 4,538 | $ | 5,543 |
(a) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(c) | Assumes reinvestment of all distributions for the period and does not include payment of the maximum early withdrawal charge of 3%, charged on certain repurchases by the Fund made within one year of purchase and declining to 0% after the fifth year. If the sales charges were included, total returns would be lower. These returns do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the repurchases by the Fund of Fund shares. |
(d) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. Calculation includes the proceeds from principal repayments and sales of variable rate senior loan interests. For the period ended February 29, 2012, the portfolio turnover calculation excludes the value of securities purchased of $614,414,753 and sold of $43,505,288 in the effort to realign the Funds portfolio holdings after the reorganization of Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Fund. |
(e) | Ratios are based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $549,880. |
(f) | Annualized. |
(g) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
| All Class B Shares of the Fund that were outstanding as of February 18, 2005 have been redesignated as a new class of Shares, which was designated as Class IB Shares. The Class IB Shares are not continuously offered. The only new Class IB Shares to be issued after February 18, 2005 are those Class IB Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestment. The Class IB Shares financial highlights shown are derived from the financial highlights of the previously designated Class B Shares. |
18
Class IC |
Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Years Ended February 28, |
Year Ended
February 29, 2012 |
Seven Months
Ended February 28, 2011 |
Years Ended July 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 8.66 | $ | 9.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net investment income (a) |
0.35 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gains (losses) on securities (both realized and unrealized) |
0.86 | (0.94 | ) | (0.22 | ) | 0.18 | 0.34 | (0.15 | ) | 0.44 | 0.76 | (1.87 | ) | (1.17 | ) | (0.31 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total from investment operations |
1.21 | (0.56 | ) | 0.14 | 0.54 | 0.74 | 0.18 | 0.62 | 1.04 | (1.47 | ) | (0.56 | ) | 0.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: |
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Dividends from net investment income |
(0.32 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.31 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of capital |
(0.01 | ) | | | (0.01 | ) | | | | (0.04 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total distributions |
(0.33 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.37 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.71 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net asset value, end of period | $ | 6.69 | $ | 5.81 | $ | 6.77 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 6.89 | $ | 6.58 | $ | 6.73 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 5.60 | $ | 7.49 | $ | 8.66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total return at net asset value |
21.28% | (b)(c) | (8.68 | )%(b)(c) | 1.99% | (b)(c) | 7.83% | (b)(c) | 11.57% | (b)(c) | 2.80% | (b)(c) | 9.97% | (b)(c) | 18.77% | (b) | (18.71 | )%(d) | (6.69 | )%(d) | 4.06% | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 46,648 | $ | 43,660 | $ | 55,548 | $ | 66,029 | $ | 73,356 | $ | 78,600 | $ | 94,440 | $ | 95,928 | $ | 94,721 | $ | 155,865 | $ | 239,587 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate (e) |
73% | 51% | 59% | 95% | 101% | 87% | 44% | 55% | 33% | 35% | 74% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios/supplemental data based on average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.96% | (c)(f) | 1.88% | (c) | 1.80% | (c) | 1.82% | (c) | 1.69% | (c) | 1.74% | (c) | 1.71% | (c)(g) | 1.89% | 2.35% | 2.49% | 2.54% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements excluding interest, facilities and maintenance fees |
1.57% | (c)(f) | 1.58% | (c) | 1.56% | (c) | 1.56% | (c) | 1.38% | (c) | 1.47% | (c) | 1.37% | (c)(g) | 1.57% | 1.88% | 1.45% | 1.43% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Without fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
1.96% | (c)(f) | 1.88% | (c) | 1.80% | (c) | 1.82% | (c) | 1.84% | (c) | 1.89% | (c) | 1.86% | (c)(g) | 2.04% | 2.50% | 2.64% | 2.69% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income with fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements |
5.44% | (c)(f) | 5.92% | (c) | 5.26% | (c) | 5.02% | (c) | 6.00% | (c) | 5.10% | (c) | 4.85% | (c)(g) | 4.54% | 7.60% | 7.52% | 7.49% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior indebtedness: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total borrowing (000s omitted) |
$ | 150,000 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 224,000 | $ | 254,000 | $ | 211,000 | $ | 228,000 | $ | 178,000 | $ | 198,000 | $ | 132,000 | $ | 458,000 | $ | 555,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset coverage per $1,000 unit of senior indebtedness (h) |
$ | 6,617 | $ | 6,346 | $ | 5,949 | $ | 6,164 | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,732 | $ | 6,673 | $ | 6,239 | $ | 8,538 | $ | 4,538 | $ | 5,543 |
(a) | Calculated using average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as such, the net asset value for financial reporting purposes and the returns based upon those net asset values may differ from the net asset value and returns for shareholder transactions. Does not include sales charges and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. |
(c) | The total return, ratio of expenses to average net assets and ratio of net investment income to average net assets reflect actual 12b-1 fees of 0.15%, 0.15%, 0.15%, 0.15%, 0.02%, 0.00% and 0.00% for the Years Ended February 28, 2017, February 29, 2016, February 28, 2015, February 28, 2014, February 28, 2013, February 29, 2012 and the Seven Months Ended February 28, 2011, respectively. |
(d) | Assumes reinvestment of all distributions for the period and does not include payment of the maximum early withdrawal charge of 1%, charged on certain repurchases by the Fund made within one year of purchase. If the sales charges were included, total returns would be lower. These returns include service fees of up to 0.15% and do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the repurchases by the Fund of Fund shares. |
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(e) | Portfolio turnover is calculated at the fund level and is not annualized for periods less than one year, if applicable. Calculation includes the proceeds from principal repayments and sales of variable rate senior loan interests. For the period ended February 29, 2012, the portfolio turnover calculation excludes the value of securities purchased of $614,414,753 and sold of $43,505,288 in the effort to realign the Funds portfolio holdings after the reorganization of Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Fund. |
(f) | Ratios are based on average daily net assets (000s omitted) of $46,224. |
(g) | Annualized. |
(h) | Calculated by subtracting the Funds total liabilities (not including the Borrowings) from the Funds total assets and dividing by the total number of senior indebtedness units, where one unit equals $1,000 of senior indebtedness. |
| All Class C Shares of the Fund that were outstanding as of February 18, 2005 have been redesignated as a new class of Shares, which was designated as Class IC Shares. The Class IC Shares are not continuously offered. The only new Class IC Shares to be issued after February 18, 2005 are those Class IC Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestment. The Class IC Shares financial highlights shown are derived from the financial highlights of the previously designated Class C Shares. |
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The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. It was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 14, 1989, and was redomesticated as a Delaware Statutory Trust on October 15, 2012. Prior to December 2012, the Funds name was Invesco Van Kampen Senior Loan Fund. Prior to June 2010, the Funds name was Van Kampen Senior Loan Fund. The Fund completed an initial public offering of its Shares and commenced investment operations in October 1989. Since November 1989, the Fund has continuously offered its Shares through an affiliated distributor, which is currently Invesco Distributors, as principal underwriter. In June 2003, the Fund completed a transaction in which it redesignated its Shares issued before June 13, 2003 as Class B Shares and issued new Class C Shares to the shareholders of Van Kampen Senior Floating Rate Fund in exchange for the assets and liabilities of that fund. On February 18, 2005, the Fund redesignated its Class B Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new class of Shares designated Class IB Shares and redesignated its Class C Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new class of Shares designated Class IC Shares. On February 18, 2005, the Fund commenced offering new Class A Shares, new Class B Shares and new Class C Shares (the new Class B Shares and new Class C Shares have different fees, expenses and characteristics than the original Class B Shares and Class C Shares). On November 8, 2013, the Fund commenced offering Class Y Shares. The Fund now continuously offers three classes of Shares Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares. Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares are not continuously offered. The only new Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares to be issued are those Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestment. Class B Shares of the Fund may also be issued in connection with an exchange from Class B Shares of other Invesco funds. The net proceeds from the sale of the Shares will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objective, investment
strategies and policies or used for other operating purposes contemplated by this Prospectus. The Fund expects that it ordinarily will be able to invest the net proceeds from the sale of Shares within approximately 30 days of receipt. The Funds principal office is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309 and its telephone number is (800) 959-4246.
Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund
Investment Objective
The Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. The Funds investment objective is fundamental and may not be changed by the Board of Trustees (the Board) without the approval of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities, as defined in the 1940 Act. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors and should not be considered a complete investment program. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You should carefully consider the risks of investing in the Fund. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.
Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund
The Fund invests under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in Senior Loans. If the Funds policy in the foregoing sentence changes, the Fund will notify shareholders in writing at least 60 days prior to implementation of the change and shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of the changes. Because Senior Loans have very large minimum investments, the Fund provides investors access to a market that normally is limited to institutional investors. Decisions to purchase or sell loans and securities are determined
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by the relative value considerations of the investment professionals that factor in economic and credit-related fundamentals, market supply and demand, market dislocations and situation-specific opportunities. The purchase or sale of loans and securities may be related to a decision to alter the Funds macro risk exposure, a need to limit or reduce the Funds exposure to a particular security or issuer, degradation of an issuers credit quality, or general liquidity needs of the Fund.
Description of Senior Loans
Interest rates and maturity. Interest rates on Senior Loans may adjust over different time periods, including daily, monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually. The Fund may use interest rate swaps and other investment practices to shorten the effective interest rate adjustment period of Senior Loans. If the Fund does so, it generally considers the shortened period to be the adjustment period of the Senior Loan. Prime based and federal funds rate loans reset periodically when the underlying rate resets. LIBOR loans reset on set dates, typically every 30 to 90 days, but not to exceed one year. As short-term interest rates rise, interest payable to the Fund should increase. As short-term interest rates decline, interest payable to the Fund should decrease. The amount of time that will pass before the Fund experiences the effects of changing short-term interest rates will depend on the dollar-weighted average time until the next interest rate adjustment on the Funds portfolio of Senior Loans. The interest rates are adjusted based on a base rate plus a premium or spread over the base rate. The base rate usually is LIBOR, the prime rate offered by one or more major United States banks (the Prime Rate), the certificate of deposit rate (the CD Rate) or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders. LIBOR, as provided for in Loan Agreements, usually is an average of the interest rates quoted by several designated banks as the rates at which they pay interest to major depositors in the London interbank market on U.S. dollar denominated deposits. The Adviser believes that changes in short-term LIBOR rates are closely related to changes in the Federal Reserve federal funds rate, although the two are not technically
linked. The Prime Rate quoted by a major U.S. bank is generally the interest rate at which that bank is willing to lend U.S. dollars to the most creditworthy borrowers, although it may not be the banks lowest available rate. The CD Rate, as provided for in Loan Agreements, usually is the average rate paid on large certificates of deposit traded in the secondary market.
When interest rates rise, the values of fixed income securities generally decline. When interest rates fall, the values of fixed income securities generally increase. The Fund expects the values of its Senior Loan investments to fluctuate less than the values of fixed rate, longer-term income securities in response to the changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates can, however, cause some fluctuation in the Funds net asset value.
The Fund expects that its Senior Loans will have stated maturities ranging from three to ten years, although the Fund has no policy limiting the maturity of Senior Loans that it purchases. Senior Loans usually have mandatory and optional prepayment provisions. Because of prepayments, the actual remaining maturity of Senior Loans may be considerably less than their stated maturity. Because the interest rates on Senior Loans adjust periodically, the Adviser believes that reinvestment by the Fund in Senior Loans after prepayment should not typically result in a significant reduction in interest payable to the Fund. Fees received by the Fund may even enhance the Funds income. See The Senior Loan Process below.
Protective provisions of Senior Loans. Senior Loans usually have the most senior position in a Borrowers capital structure or share the senior position with other senior debt securities of the Borrower. This capital structure position generally gives holders of Senior Loans a priority claim on some or all of the Borrowers assets in the event of default. Most of the Funds Senior Loan investments will be secured by specific assets of the Borrower. These Senior Loans will frequently be secured by all assets of the Borrower that qualify as collateral, such as trademarks, accounts receivable, inventory, buildings, real estate, franchises and
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common and preferred stock in its subsidiaries and affiliates. Collateral may also include guarantees or other credit support provided by affiliates of the Borrower. In some cases, a collateralized Senior Loan may be secured only by stock of the Borrower or its subsidiaries. The Loan Agreement may or may not require the Borrower to pledge additional collateral to secure the Senior Loan if the value of the initial collateral declines. In certain circumstances, the Loan Agreement may authorize the Agent to liquidate the collateral and to distribute the liquidation proceeds pro rata among the Lenders.
Senior Loans also have contractual terms designed to protect Lenders. Loan Agreements often include restrictive covenants that limit the activities of the Borrower. These covenants may include mandatory prepayment out of excess cash flows, restrictions on dividend payments, the maintenance of minimum financial ratios, limits on indebtedness and other financial tests. Breach of these covenants generally is an event of default and, if not waived by the Lenders, may give Lenders the right to accelerate principal and interest payments.
Borrowers. Borrowers operate in a variety of industries and geographic regions. In addition, the Fund will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in Borrowers that conduct their principal businesses in the same industry. Most Senior Loans are made to Borrowers that are organized or located in the U.S. The Fund may, however, invest up to 20% of its total assets, measured at the time of investment, in Senior Loans made to Borrowers that are organized or located in countries other than the U.S., provided that no more than 5% of these Senior Loans or other assets are non-U.S. dollar denominated. The Fund also may hold non-U.S. dollar denominated Senior Loans or other securities received as part of a reorganization or restructuring. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund Foreign Investments Risk.
The capital structure of a Borrower may include Senior Loans, senior and junior subordinated debt, preferred stock and common stock. Senior Loans typically have the most senior claim on a
Borrowers assets while common stock has the most junior claim. The proceeds of Senior Loans that the Fund will purchase typically will be used by Borrowers to finance leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, debt refinancings and, to a lesser extent, for general operating and other purposes.
The Fund may purchase and retain in its portfolio Senior Loans of Borrowers that have filed for protection under the federal bankruptcy laws or that have had involuntary bankruptcy petitions filed against them by creditors. Because of the protective features of Senior Loans, the Adviser believes that Senior Loans of Borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty may represent attractive investment opportunities. Investing in Senior Loans does, however, involve investment risk, and some Borrowers default on their Senior Loan payments. The Fund attempts to manage these risks through selection of a varied portfolio of Senior Loans and analyses and monitoring of Borrowers.
The Fund generally invests in a Senior Loan if, in the Advisers judgment, the Borrower can meet its payment obligations and the Senior Loan meets the credit standards established by the Adviser. The Adviser performs its own independent credit analysis on each Borrower and on the collateral securing each Senior Loan. The Adviser considers the nature of the industry in which the Borrower operates, the nature of the Borrowers assets and the general quality and creditworthiness of the Borrower.
The Adviser constructs the Funds investment portfolio using a process that focuses on obtaining access to the widest possible range of potential investments available in the market, legal review of the documents for loans and on-going credit analysis of the Borrowers. In constructing the portfolio, the Adviser analyzes each Borrower to determine its earnings potential and other factors indicating the sustainability of earnings growth.
The Adviser will consider selling a Senior Loan if, among other things, (1) unfavorable industry
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trends, poor performance, or a lack of access to capital cause the Borrower to fail to meet its planned objectives; or (2) more attractive investment opportunities are found. There can be no assurance that the Advisers analysis will disclose all factors that may impair the value of a Senior Loan. You should expect the Funds net asset value to fluctuate as a result of changes in the credit quality of Borrowers and other factors. A serious deterioration in the credit quality of a Borrower could cause a permanent decrease in the Funds net asset value. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund Borrower Credit Risk.
There is no minimum rating or other independent evaluation of a Borrower or its securities limiting the Funds investments. Although a Senior Loan may not be rated by any rating agency at the time the Fund purchases the Senior Loan, rating agencies have become more active in rating Senior Loans, and at any given time a substantial portion of the Senior Loans in the Funds portfolio may be rated. There is no limit on the percentage of the Funds assets that may be invested in Senior Loans that are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The lack of a rating does not necessarily imply that a Senior Loan is of lesser investment quality; notwithstanding, such unrated securities may be of any credit quality, and may be below investment grade quality.
The following table sets forth the percentage of the Funds Senior Loan obligations invested in rated and unrated obligations (using the higher of Standard & Poors or Moodys Investors Service, Inc. rating categories), based on valuations as of February 28, 2017:
Rated Obligations |
||||
BBB/Baa: |
12.75% | |||
BB/Ba: |
58.33% | |||
B/B: |
17.01% | |||
CCC/Caa: |
7.09% | |||
CC/Ca: |
0.27% | |||
Unrated Obligations |
4.55% |
The Senior Loan Process
Senior Loans generally are negotiated between a Borrower and several Lenders represented by one or more Lenders acting as Agent of all the Lenders. The Agent is responsible for negotiating the Loan Agreement that establishes the terms and conditions of the Senior Loan and the rights of the Borrower and the Lenders. The Agent is paid a fee by the Borrower for its services.
The Agent generally is required to administer and manage the Senior Loan on behalf of other Lenders. When evaluating Senior Loans, the Adviser may consider, and may rely in part on, analysis performed by the Agent and other Lenders. This analysis may include an evaluation of the value and sufficiency of any collateral securing Senior Loans. As to collateralized Senior Loans, the Agent usually is required to monitor the collateral. The Agent may rely on independent appraisals of specific collateral. The Agent need not, however, obtain an independent appraisal of assets pledged as collateral in all cases. The Agent generally is also responsible for determining that the Lenders have obtained a perfected security interest in the collateral securing a Senior Loan.
The Fund normally relies on the Agent to collect principal of and interest on a Senior Loan. Furthermore, the Fund also relies in part on the Agent to monitor compliance by the Borrower with the restrictive covenants in the Loan Agreement and to notify the Fund (or the Lender from whom the Fund has purchased a participation) of any adverse change in the Borrowers financial condition. The Fund will not purchase interests in Senior Loans unless the Agent, Lender and any other person positioned between the Fund and the Borrower has entered into an agreement that provides for the holding of assets in safekeeping for, or the prompt disbursement of assets to, the Fund. Insolvency of the Agent or other persons positioned between the Fund and the Borrower could result in losses for the Fund. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund Bank Loan Risk.
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The Fund may be required to pay and may receive various fees and commissions in connection with purchasing, selling and holding interests in Senior Loans. The fees normally paid by Borrowers include three primary types: facility fees, commitment fees and prepayment penalties. Facility fees are paid to Lenders when a Senior Loan is originated. Commitment fees are paid to Lenders on an ongoing basis based on the unused portion of a Senior Loan commitment. Lenders may receive prepayment penalties when a Borrower prepays a Senior Loan. The Fund receives these fees directly from the Borrower if the Fund is an Original Lender (as defined below) or, in the case of commitment fees and prepayment penalties, if the Fund acquires an Assignment (as defined below). Whether the Fund receives a facility fee in the case of an Assignment, or any fees in the case of a Participation (as defined below), depends on negotiations between the Fund and the Lender selling such interests. When the Fund buys an Assignment, it may be required to pay a fee to the Lender selling the Assignment, or to forgo a portion of interest and fees payable to the Fund. Occasionally, the assignor pays a fee to the assignee. A Lender selling a Participation to the Fund may deduct a portion of the interest and any fees payable to the Fund as an administrative fee. The Fund may be required to pass along to a person that buys a Senior Loan from the Fund a portion of any fees to which the Fund is entitled.
The Fund may have obligations under a Loan Agreement, including the obligation to make additional loans in certain circumstances.
Types of Senior Loan Investments
The Fund may act as one of a group of Lenders originating a Senior Loan (an Original Lender), may purchase assignments or novations (Assignments) of portions of Senior Loans from third parties and may invest in participations (Participations) in Senior Loans. Senior Loans also include certain senior debt obligations that are in the form of notes rather than Loan Agreements and certain structured products with rates of return determined by reference to the total rate of
return on one or more Senior Loans referenced in such products. All of these interests in Senior Loans are sometimes referred to simply as Senior Loans.
Original Lender. When the Fund acts as an Original Lender, it may participate in structuring the Senior Loan. When the Fund is an Original Lender, it will have a direct contractual relationship with the Borrower, may enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the Loan Agreement and may have rights with respect to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off. Lenders also have full voting and consent rights under the applicable Loan Agreement. Action subject to Lender vote or consent generally requires the vote or consent of the holders of some specified percentage of the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Loan. Certain decisions, such as reducing the amount of interest on or principal of a Senior Loan, releasing collateral, changing the maturity of a Senior Loan or a change in control of the Borrower, frequently require the unanimous vote or consent of all Lenders affected. The Fund will never act as the Agent or principal negotiator or administrator of a Senior Loan.
Assignments. The purchaser of an Assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the Loan Agreement of the assigning Lender and becomes a Lender under the Loan Agreement. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an Assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning Lender.
Participations. The Fund presently does not intend to invest more than 5% of its net assets in Participations in Senior Loans. When the Fund purchases a Participation in a Senior Loan, the Fund will usually have a contractual relationship only with the Lender selling the Participation and not with the Borrower. The Fund may have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of such payments from the Borrower. As a result, the Fund may assume the credit risk of
25
both the Borrower and the Lender selling the Participation. In the event of insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender.
The Fund has taken the following measures in an effort to minimize these risks. The Fund will only acquire Participations if the Lender selling the Participation and any other persons positioned between the Fund and the Lender (i) has, at the time of investment, outstanding debt or deposit obligations rated investment grade by a rating agency or that are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality and (ii) has entered into an agreement which provides for the holding of assets in safekeeping for, or the prompt disbursement of assets to, the Fund.
The Fund generally will not have the right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the Loan Agreement, nor rights to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off against the Borrower. In addition, when the Fund holds a Participation in a Senior Loan, it may not have the right to vote on whether to waive enforcement of any restrictive covenant breached by a Borrower. Lenders voting in connection with a potential waiver of a restrictive covenant may have interests different from those of the Fund and may not consider the interests of the Fund. The Fund may not benefit directly from the collateral supporting a Senior Loan in which it has purchased the Participation, although Lenders that sell Participations generally are required to distribute liquidation proceeds received by them pro rata among the holders of such Participations.
Senior debt securities. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in certain senior debt securities that are in the form of notes rather than Loan Agreements. The Fund will only purchase senior debt securities if (i) the senior debt securities represent the only form of senior debt financing of the Borrower or (ii) the senior debt securities are pari passu with other Senior Loans in the capital structure of a Borrower with respect to collateral. There may be no person performing the role of the Agent for senior debt securities and, as a result, the
Fund may be more dependent on the ability of the Adviser to monitor and administer the Senior Loans underlying these senior debt securities. Senior debt securities will be treated as Senior Loans for purposes of the Funds policy of normally investing at least 80% of its net assets in Senior Loans.
Structured products. The Fund also may invest up to 10% of its total assets in structured notes, credit-linked notes (CLNs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), credit default swaps (CDS) and other types of structured investments (referred to collectively as structured products) to enhance the yield on its portfolio or to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes. A structured note is a derivative security that has one or more special features, such as an interest rate based on a spread over an index or a benchmark interest rate, or other reference indicator, that may or may not correlate to the total rate of return on one or more underlying investments (such as Senior Loan interests) referenced in such notes. A CDS is an agreement between two parties to exchange the credit risk of a particular issuer or reference entity. In a CDS transaction, a buyer pays periodic fees in return for a payment by the seller which is contingent upon an adverse credit event occurring in the underlying issuer or reference entity. The seller collects periodic fees from the buyer and profits if the credit of the underlying issuer or reference entity remains stable or improves while the swap is outstanding, but the seller in a CDS contract would be required to pay an agreed upon amount to the buyer in the event of an adverse credit event in the reference entity. A buyer of a CDS is said to buy protection whereas a seller of a CDS is said to sell protection. When the Fund buys a CDS, it is utilizing the swap for hedging purposes similar to other hedging strategies described herein, see also Other Important Investment Policies Interest Rate and Other Hedging Transactions. When the Fund sells a CDS, it is utilizing the swap to enhance the yield on its portfolio to increase income available for distribution or for other non-hedging purposes. CLNs, CLOs and CDOs are discussed
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further below under Other Important Investment Policies. Generally, investments in structured products are interests in entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of underlying investment interests or securities. This type of restructuring generally involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity of the underlying investments (such as Senior Loan interests) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying investments or referencing an indicator related to such investments. The cash flow or rate of return on the underlying investments may be apportioned among the newly issued securities to create different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, credit quality, payment priorities and interest rate provisions. The cash flow or rate of return on a structured product may be determined by applying a multiplier to the rate of total return on the underlying investments or referenced indicator. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of financial leverage, a speculative technique. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. As a result, a relatively small decline in the value of the underlying investments or referenced indicator could result in a relatively large loss in the value of a structured product. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk. Structured products where the rate of return is determined by reference to a Senior Loan will be treated as Senior Loans for purposes of the Funds policy of normally investing at least 80% of its net assets in Senior Loans.
The Fund may have the right to receive payments to which it is entitled only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the Borrower. The Fund generally will not have the right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the Loan Agreement, nor rights to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off against the Borrower. In addition, when the Fund holds a structured product derived from a Senior Loan, it may not have the right to vote on whether to waive enforcement of any restrictive
covenant breached by a Borrower. Lenders voting in connection with a potential waiver of a restrictive covenant may have interests different from those of the Fund and may not consider the interests of the Fund.
Other Important Investment Policies
During normal market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in any combination of (1) warrants and equity securities, (2) high quality short-term debt securities, (3) other debt securities, including high-yield bonds and junior debt securities, (4) credit-linked deposits and (5) Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (U.S. TIPS) and other inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The Fund also may convert a warrant into the underlying security. Although the Fund generally will acquire interests in warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities only when the Adviser believes that the value being given by the Fund is substantially outweighed by the potential value of such interests, investment in warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities entails certain risks in addition to those associated with investments in Senior Loans, including the potential for increasing fluctuations in the Funds net asset value. The Fund may also hold equity securities received as part of a reorganization or restructuring. Any warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities held by the Fund will not be treated as Senior Loans and thus will not count toward the 80% of the Funds net assets that normally will be invested in Senior Loans.
High quality, short-term debt securities in which the Fund may invest include commercial paper rated at least in the top two rating categories, or unrated commercial paper considered by the Adviser to be of similar quality; interests in short-term loans of Borrowers having short-term debt obligations rated or a short-term credit rating at least in such top two rating categories, or having no rating but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality; certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances; and securities issued or
27
guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. These securities may pay interest at adjustable rates or at fixed rates. If the Adviser determines that market conditions temporarily warrant a defensive investment policy, the Fund may invest, subject to its ability to liquidate its relatively illiquid portfolio of Senior Loans, up to 100% of its assets in cash and high quality, short-term debt securities.
Credit-linked deposits are deposits by lenders, such as the Fund, to support the issuance of letters of credit to the Borrower. The Fund receives from the bank issuing such letters of credit an agreed upon rate of return in exchange for its deposit. There are risks associated with credit-linked deposits, including the credit risk of the bank which maintains the deposit account as well as the credit risk of the borrower. The Fund bears the risk of possible loss of its principal investment, in addition to the periodic interest payments that are expected to be received for the duration of the Funds investment in the credit-linked deposit.
U.S. TIPS are fixed income securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the principal amounts of which are adjusted daily based upon changes in the rate of inflation (currently represented by the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (the CPI-U)). The Fund may purchase U.S. TIPS or other inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities of any maturity. U.S. TIPS pay interest on a periodic basis, equal to a fixed interest rate applied to the inflation-adjusted principal amount. The interest rate on these bonds is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond, this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed even during a period of deflation. However, because the principal amount of U.S. TIPS would be adjusted downward during a period of deflation, the Fund will be subject to deflation risk with respect to its investments in these securities. In addition, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed, and will
fluctuate. If the Fund purchases U.S. TIPS in the secondary market whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the Fund may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. If inflation is lower than expected during the period the Fund holds U.S. TIPS, the Fund may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond. The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities with other structures or characteristics as such securities become available in the market.
The Fund may also invest in CLOs and CDOs, which are debt instruments backed solely by a pool of bonds, loans and/or other debt securities.
The Fund can invest in derivative instruments including swap contracts and forward foreign currency contracts.
A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, commodities, currencies or other assets. The notional amount of a swap is based on the nominal or face amount of a reference asset that is used to calculate payments made on that swap; the notional amount typically is not exchanged between counterparties. The parties to the swap use variations in the value of the underlying asset to calculate payments between them through the life of the swap. The Fund can use swap contracts, including interest rate swaps, to hedge or adjust its exposure to interest rates. The Fund can also use swap contracts, including CDS, to enhance the yield on its portfolio or to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes.
The Fund can engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot basis (i.e., for prompt delivery and settlement at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time) or through forward foreign currency contracts to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure. Spot contracts allow for prompt delivery and settlement at the rate
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prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time. A forward foreign currency contract is an agreement between parties to exchange a specified amount of currency at a specified future time at a specified rate. Forward foreign currency contracts are used to protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates or to modify exposure to a particular currency.
The Fund can invest in structured notes and CLNs. A structured note is a derivative security that has one or more special features, such as an interest rate based on a spread over an index or a benchmark interest rate, or other reference indicator, that may or may not correlate to the total return of one or more underlying investments (such as Senior Loan interests) referenced in such notes. CLNs are securities structured and issued by an issuer, which may be a bank, banker or special purpose vehicle. The CLNs price or coupon is linked to the performance of the reference asset of the second party. Generally, the CLN holder receives either a fixed or floating coupon rate during the life of the CLN and par at maturity. The cash flows are dependent on specified credit-related events. Should the second party default or declare bankruptcy, the CLN holder will receive an amount equivalent to the recovery rate and may not receive any compensation. In return for these risks, the CLN holder receives a higher yield. The Fund can use structured notes and CLNs to enhance the yield on its portfolio or to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes.
In anticipation of or in response to market, economic, political, or other conditions, the Funds portfolio managers may temporarily use a different investment strategy for defensive purposes. If the Funds portfolio managers do so, different factors could affect the Funds performance and the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
The Funds investments in the types of securities and other investments described in this prospectus vary from time to time, and, at any time, the Fund may not be invested in all of the types of securities and other investments described in this prospectus. The Fund may also invest in securities and other investments not described in this prospectus.
Financial Leverage. The Fund may utilize financial leverage (i) to provide the Fund with additional liquidity to meet its obligations to repurchase its Shares pursuant to its repurchase offers and (ii) for investment purposes (i.e., to use such financial leverage to purchase additional portfolio securities consistent with the Funds investment objective and primary investment strategy) to benefit the Funds Common Shares. Generally speaking, if the Fund can invest the proceeds from financial leverage (i.e., money from borrowings or issuing preferred shares) in portfolio securities that have higher rates of return than the costs of such financial leverage and other expenses of the Fund, then the holders of Common Shares would have a net benefit. The Funds policy on financial leverage allows the Fund to use financial leverage in the form of borrowings and/or preferred shares to the maximum extent allowable under the 1940 Act. The Adviser and the Funds Board of Trustees will regularly review the Funds use of financial leverage (i.e., the relative costs and benefits of leverage on the Funds Common Shares) and review the alternative means to achieve leverage (i.e., the relative benefits and costs of borrowing versus issuing preferred shares).
Under the 1940 Act, a fund is not permitted to issue debt unless immediately after such incurrence the fund has an asset coverage of at least 300% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the indebtedness (i.e., such indebtedness may not exceed 33 1 ⁄ 3 % of the funds total assets). Additionally, under the 1940 Act, a fund may not declare any dividend or other distribution upon any class of its capital shares, or purchase any such capital shares, unless the aggregate indebtedness of the fund has, at the time of the declaration of such dividend or distribution, or at the time of any such purchase, an asset coverage of at least 300% after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be. Investments in derivative instruments will not be considered the issuance of debt for purposes of the foregoing limitations if the Fund covers the resulting obligation in accordance with the 1940 Act and SEC guidance. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless
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immediately after such issuance the net asset value of the funds portfolio is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (i.e., such liquidation value may not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets). In addition, a fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such distribution, the net asset value of the funds portfolio (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is at least 200% of such liquidation value. If using a combination of borrowing and issuing preferred shares, the maximum allocable leverage will be between 300% and 200% based on the relative amounts borrowed and preferred shares issued.
Effect of Leverage. The Fund has entered into a revolving credit and security agreement pursuant to which the lenders will provide the Fund with up to $375 million in advances, subject to a variable interest rate. Assuming an interest rate of 1.41% (which is the rate of the Funds outstanding borrowings as of February 28, 2017) and the use of leverage in an amount equal to 17.97% of the Funds total assets (as of February 28, 2017), the incremental income generated by the Funds portfolio (net of estimated expenses including expenses related to the use of leverage) must exceed approximately 0.61% to cover such interest expense. These numbers are merely estimates used for illustration. The amount of leverage used by the Fund as well as actual interest expenses on the Funds outstanding borrowings may vary and may be higher or lower than the above estimates.
The following table is designed to illustrate the effect on return to a holder of the Funds Common Shares of the leverage created by the Funds use of borrowing, using the weighted average interest rate of 1.41%, (which is the rate of the Funds outstanding borrowings as of February 28, 2017 as noted above, however, the Funds outstanding borrowings are subject to a variable interest rate and may change up or down over time) assuming the Fund has used leverage by borrowing an amount equal to 17.97% of the Funds total assets (as of February 28, 2017) and assuming hypothetical annual returns (net of expenses) on
the Funds portfolio of minus 10% to plus 10%. As the table shows, leverage generally increases the return to Common Shareholders when portfolio return is positive and decreases return when the portfolio return is negative. Actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing in the table.
Assumed portfolio return, Net of expenses | (10)% | (5)% | 0% | 5% | 10% | |||||||
Corresponding return to common shareholders | (11.75)% | (5.99)% | (0.23)% | 5.54% | 11.30% |
The purpose of the table is to assist investors in understanding the effects of financial leverage. The figures in the table are hypothetical and actual returns may be greater or lesser than those appearing in the table.
Interest Rate and Other Hedging Transactions. The Fund may enter into various interest rate hedging and risk management transactions. Certain of these interest rate hedging and risk management transactions involve derivative instruments. A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived at least in part from the performance of an underlying index, security or asset. The values of certain derivatives can be affected dramatically by even small market movements, sometimes in ways that are difficult to predict. There are many different types of derivatives, with many different uses. The Fund expects to enter into these transactions primarily to seek to preserve a return on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, and may also enter into such transactions to seek to protect against decreases in the anticipated rate of return on floating or variable rate financial instruments the Fund owns or anticipates purchasing at a later date, or for other risk management strategies such as managing the effective dollar-weighted average duration of the Funds portfolio. In addition, the Fund may also engage in hedging transactions to seek to protect the value of its portfolio against declines in net asset value resulting from changes in interest rates or other market changes. Except as discussed previously herein with respect to certain derivative
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instruments, the Fund does not intend to engage in such transactions to enhance the yield on its portfolio, to increase income available for distributions or for other non-hedging purposes. Market conditions will determine whether and in what circumstances the Fund would employ any of the techniques described below. The Fund will incur brokerage and other costs in connection with its hedging transactions.
The Fund may enter into interest rate swaps or purchase or sell interest rate caps or floors. The Fund will not sell interest rate caps or floors that it does not own. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective obligations to pay or receive interest, e.g., an exchange of an obligation to make floating rate payments for an obligation to make fixed rate payments. For example, the Fund may seek to shorten the effective interest rate redetermination period of a Senior Loan in its portfolio for which the Borrower has selected an interest rate redetermination period of one year. The Fund could exchange the Borrowers obligation to make fixed rate payments for one year for an obligation to make payments that readjust monthly. In such event, the Fund would consider the interest rate redetermination period of such Senior Loan to be the shorter period.
The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest at the difference of the index and the predetermined rate on a notional principal amount (the reference amount with respect to which interest obligations are determined, although no actual exchange of principal occurs) from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest at the difference of the index and the predetermined rate on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The Fund will not enter into swaps, caps or floors if, on a net basis, the aggregate notional principal amount with respect to such agreements exceeds the net assets of the Fund.
In circumstances in which the Adviser anticipates that interest rates will decline, the Fund might, for example, enter into an interest rate swap as the floating rate payor or, alternatively, purchase an interest rate floor. In the case of purchasing an interest rate floor, if interest rates declined below the floor rate, the Fund would receive payments from its counterparty which would wholly or partially offset the decrease in the payments it would receive in respect of the portfolio assets being hedged. In the case where the Fund purchases such an interest rate swap, if the floating rate payments fell below the level of the fixed rate payment set in the swap agreement, the Funds counterparty would pay the Fund amounts equal to interest computed at the difference between the fixed and floating rates over the notional principal amount. Such payments would offset or partially offset the decrease in the payments the Fund would receive in respect of floating rate portfolio assets being hedged.
The successful use of swaps, caps and floors to preserve the rate of return on a portfolio of financial instruments depends on the Advisers ability to predict correctly the direction and extent of movements in interest rates. Although the Fund believes that use of the hedging and risk management techniques described above will benefit the Fund, if the Advisers judgment about the direction or extent of the movement in interest rates is incorrect, the Funds overall performance would be worse than if it had not entered into any such transactions. For example, if the Fund had purchased an interest rate swap or an interest rate floor to hedge against its expectation that interest rates would decline but instead interest rates rose, the Fund would lose part or all of the benefit of the increased payments it would receive as a result of the rising interest rates because it would have to pay amounts to its counterparty under the swap agreement or would have paid the purchase price of the interest rate floor.
The Fund will usually enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis, i.e., where the two parties make net payments with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two
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payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Funds obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate swap will be accrued and an amount of cash, liquid securities or liquid Senior Loans having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in a segregated account by the Funds custodian. If the Fund enters into a swap on other than a net basis, the Fund will maintain in the segregated account the full amount of the Funds obligations under each such swap. Accordingly, the Fund does not treat swaps as senior securities. The Fund may enter into swaps, caps and floors with member banks of the Federal Reserve System, members of the New York Stock Exchange or other entities determined by the Adviser, pursuant to procedures adopted and reviewed on an ongoing basis by the Board of Trustees, to be creditworthy. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, but such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Funds rights as a creditor. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and financial services firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps and floors are more recent innovations and they are less liquid than swaps. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into interest rate swaps or to purchase interest rate caps or floors at prices or on terms the Adviser believes are advantageous to the Fund. In addition, although the terms of interest rate swaps, caps and floors may provide for termination, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to terminate an interest rate swap or to sell or offset interest rate caps or floors that it has purchased.
New financial products continue to be developed, and the Fund may invest in any such products to the extent consistent with its investment objective and the regulatory and federal tax requirements applicable to investment companies.
When Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions. The Fund may also purchase and sell interests in Senior Loans and other portfolio securities on a when issued and delayed delivery basis. No income accrues to the Fund on such interests or securities in connection with such purchase transactions prior to the date that the Fund actually takes delivery of such interests or securities. These transactions are subject to market fluctuation; the value of the interests in Senior Loans and other portfolio debt securities at delivery may be more or less than their purchase price, and yields generally available on such interests or securities when delivery occurs may be higher or lower than yields on the interests or securities obtained pursuant to such transactions. Because the Fund relies on the buyer or seller, as the case may be, to consummate the transaction, failure by the other party to complete the transaction may result in the Fund missing the opportunity of obtaining a price or yield considered to be advantageous. When the Fund is the buyer in such a transaction, however, it will maintain, in a segregated account with its custodian, cash, liquid securities or liquid Senior Loans having an aggregate value at least equal to the amount of such purchase commitments until payment is made. The Fund will make commitments to purchase such interests or securities on such basis only with the intention of actually acquiring these interests or securities, but the Fund may sell such interests or securities prior to the settlement date if such sale is considered to be advisable. To the extent the Fund engages in when issued and delayed delivery transactions, it will do so for the purpose of acquiring interests or securities for the Funds portfolio consistent with the Funds investment objective and policies and not for the purpose of investment leverage. No specific limitation exists as to the percentage of the Funds assets which may be used to acquire securities on a when issued or delayed delivery basis.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements (a purchase of, and a simultaneous commitment to resell, a financial instrument at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date) only with member banks of the Federal
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Reserve System and member firms of the New York Stock Exchange. When participating in repurchase agreements, the Fund buys securities from a vendor, e.g., a bank or brokerage firm, with the agreement that the vendor will repurchase the securities at a higher price at a later date. Such transactions afford an opportunity for the Fund to earn a return on available cash at minimal market risk, although the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss if the vendor is unable to meet its obligation to repurchase. Under the 1940 Act, repurchase agreements are deemed to be collateralized loans of money by the Fund to the seller. In evaluating whether to enter into a repurchase agreement, the Adviser will consider carefully the creditworthiness of the vendor. If the member bank or member firm that is the party to the repurchase agreement petitions for bankruptcy or otherwise becomes subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. The securities underlying a repurchase agreement will be marked to market every business day so that the value of the collateral is at least equal to the value of the loan, including the accrued interest thereon, and the Adviser will monitor the value of the collateral. No specific limitation exists as to the percentage of the Funds assets which may be used to participate in repurchase agreements.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to debt obligations which could otherwise be sold by the Fund. A reverse repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the Fund may sell an underlying debt instrument and simultaneously obtain the commitment of the purchaser (a commercial bank or a broker or dealer) to sell the security back to the Fund at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date. The Fund will maintain in a segregated account with its custodian cash, liquid securities or liquid Senior Loans in an amount sufficient to cover its obligations with respect to reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund receives payment for such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer by its custodian. Reverse repurchase agreements could involve certain risks
in the event of default or insolvency of the other party, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Funds ability to dispose of the underlying securities. An additional risk is that the market value of securities sold by the Fund under a reverse repurchase agreement could decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase them. Reverse repurchase agreements will be considered borrowings by the Fund and as such would be subject to the restrictions on borrowing described in the Statement of Additional Information under Investment Restrictions. The Fund will not hold more than 5% of the value of its total assets in reverse repurchase agreements.
Anti-takeover provisions. The Funds Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could limit the ability of other persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees. See Description of Shares Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Asset-backed securities, including collateralized debt obligations, differ from conventional debt securities because principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. Asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment or call risk, which is the risk that a borrowers payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans. Faster prepayments often happen when interest rates are falling. As a result, the Fund may reinvest these early payments at lower interest rates, thereby reducing the Funds income. Asset-backed securities also are subject to extension risk. A rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments and extend the life of the asset-backed securities, causing the price of the asset-backed securities and the Funds share price to fall and would make the
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asset-backed securities more sensitive to interest rate changes.
Banking and Financial Services Industry Focus Risk. From time to time, the Fund may invest more than 25% of its assets in unsecured bank instruments, including but not limited to certificates of deposit and time deposits, or securities that may have guarantees or credit and liquidity enhancements provided by banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions. To the extent the Fund focuses its investments in these instruments or securities, the Funds performance will depend on the overall condition of those industries and the individual banks and financial institutions in which the Fund invests (directly or indirectly). Financial services companies may be dependent on the supply of short-term financing. The value of bank instruments and securities of issuers in the banking and financial services industry, or guaranteed by such issuers, can be affected by and sensitive to changes in government regulation and interest rates and to economic downturns in the United States and abroad. The risk of holding bank instruments is also directly tied to the risk of insolvency or bankruptcy of the issuing banks, which risk may be higher for larger or more complex financial institutions that combine traditional, commercial and investment banking.
Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in bank loans including, credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods may impair the Funds ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations. The risk of holding bank loans is also directly tied to the risk of insolvency or bankruptcy of the issuing banks. If
the borrower defaults on its obligation to pay, there is the possibility that the collateral securing a loan, if any, may be difficult to liquidate or be insufficient to cover the amount owed under the loan. These risks could cause the Fund to lose income or principal on a particular investment, which in turn could affect the Funds returns. The value of bank loans can be affected by and sensitive to changes in government regulation and to economic downturns in the United States and abroad. Bank loans generally are floating rate loans, which are subject to interest rate risk as the interest paid on the floating rate loans adjusts periodically based on changes in widely accepted reference rates. Bank loans held by the Fund might not be considered securities for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and therefore a risk exists that purchasers, such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud provisions of those Acts.
Borrower Credit Risk. Senior Loans, like most other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of default. Default in the payment of interest or principal on a Senior Loan results in a reduction in income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the Senior Loan and a potential decrease in the Funds net asset value. The risk of default increases in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase in interest rates. An increased risk of default could result in a decline in the value of Senior Loans and in the Funds net asset value.
The Fund may acquire Senior Loans of Borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty, including Senior Loans of Borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Borrowers may have outstanding debt obligations that are rated below investment grade. More recently, rating agencies have begun rating Senior Loans, and Senior Loans in the Funds portfolio may themselves be rated below investment grade. The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in Senior Loans of Borrowers that have outstanding debt obligations rated below investment grade or that are unrated but of comparable quality to such securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade are viewed
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by the rating agencies as speculative and are commonly known as junk bonds. Senior Loans may not be rated at the time that the Fund purchases them. If a Senior Loan is rated at the time of purchase, the Adviser may consider the rating when evaluating the Senior Loan but, in any event, does not view ratings as a determinative factor in investment decisions. As a result, the Fund is more dependent on the Advisers credit analysis abilities. Because of the protective terms of Senior Loans, the Adviser believes that the Fund is more likely to recover more of its investment in a defaulted Senior Loan than would be the case for most other types of defaulted debt securities. The values of Senior Loans of Borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection or that are experiencing payment difficulty could be affected by, among other things, the assessment of the likelihood that the Lenders ultimately will receive repayment of the principal amount of such Senior Loans, the likely duration, if any, of a lapse in the scheduled payment of interest and repayment of principal and prevailing interest rates. As of February 28, 2017, the Fund held in its portfolio 4 Senior Loans (the aggregate value of which represented approximately 0.85% of the value of the Funds net assets on such date) of Borrowers that were subject to protection under the federal bankruptcy laws. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to recover any amount on Senior Loans of such Borrowers.
In the case of collateralized Senior Loans, there is no assurance that sale of the collateral would raise enough cash to satisfy the Borrowers payment obligation or that the collateral can or will be liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy, liquidation may not occur and the court may not give Lenders the full benefit of their senior positions. If the terms of a Senior Loan do not require the Borrower to pledge additional collateral in the event of a decline in the value of the original collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the value of the collateral will not at all times equal or exceed the amount of the Borrowers obligations under the Senior Loans. To the extent that a Senior Loan is collateralized by stock in the Borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose all of its value
in the event of bankruptcy of the Borrower. Uncollateralized Senior Loans involve a greater risk of loss.
Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions. The current low interest rate environment was created in part by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and certain foreign central banks keeping the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates near, at or below zero. Increases in the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates may expose fixed income markets to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity for certain fixed income investments, particularly those with longer maturities. In addition, decreases in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may persist in the future, potentially leading to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity in the fixed income markets. As a result, the value of the Funds investments and share price may decline. In addition, because of changing central bank policies, the Fund may experience higher than normal shareholder redemptions which could potentially increase portfolio turnover and the Funds transaction costs and potentially lower the Funds performance returns.
Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk. CLOs are subject to the risks of substantial losses due to actual defaults by underlying borrowers, which will be greater during periods of economic or financial stress. CLOs may also lose value due to collateral defaults and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of CLOs will be greater if the Fund invests in CLOs that hold loans of uncreditworthy borrowers or if the Fund holds subordinate tranches of the CLO that absorbs losses from the defaults before senior tranches. In addition, CLOs are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk.
Credit Linked Notes Risk. Risks of credit linked notes include those risks associated with the underlying reference obligation including but not limited to market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, default risk and, in some cases, foreign currency risk. In the case of a credit linked note that is
35
funded, the par amount of the security will represent the maximum loss that could be incurred on the investment and no leverage is introduced. An investor in a credit linked note bears counterparty risk or the risk that the issuer of the credit linked note will default or become bankrupt and not make timely payment of principal and interest of the structured security. Credit linked notes may be less liquid than other investments and therefore harder to dispose of at the desired time and price. In addition, credit linked notes may be leveraged and, as a result, small changes in the value of the underlying reference obligation may produce disproportionate losses to the Fund.
Debt Securities Risk. The prices of debt securities held by the Fund will be affected by changes in interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer and other factors. An increase in prevailing interest rates typically causes the value of existing debt securities to fall and often has a greater impact on longer-duration debt securities and higher quality debt securities. Falling interest rates will cause the Fund to reinvest the proceeds of debt securities that have been repaid by the issuer at lower interest rates. Falling interest rates may also reduce the Funds distributable income because interest payments on floating rate debt instruments held by the Fund will decline. The Fund could lose money on investments in debt securities if the issuer or borrower fails to meet its obligations to make interest payments and/or to repay principal in a timely manner. If an issuer seeks to restructure the terms of its borrowings or the Fund is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of interest or the repayment of principal, the Fund may incur additional expenses. Changes in an issuers financial strength, the markets perception of such strength or in the credit rating of the issuer or the security may affect the value of debt securities. The Advisers credit analysis may fail to anticipate such changes, which could result in buying a debt security at an inopportune time or failing to sell a debt security in advance of a price decline or other credit event.
Defaulted Securities Risk. Defaulted securities pose a greater risk that principal will not be repaid
than non-defaulted securities. The Fund will generally not receive interest payments on defaulted securities and may incur costs to protect its investment. Defaulted securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale. Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers are considered speculative and the prices of these securities may be more volatile than non-defaulted securities.
Derivatives Risk. A derivative is an instrument whose value depends largely on (and is derived from) the value of an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or other asset (each referred to as an underlying asset). In addition to risks relating to the underlying assets, the use of derivatives may include other, possibly greater, risks, which are described below.
◾ |
Counterparty Risk. Certain derivatives do not trade on an established exchange (referred to as over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives) and are simply financial contracts between the Fund and a counterparty. When the Fund is owed money on an OTC derivative, the Fund is dependent on the counterparty to pay or, in some cases, deliver the underlying asset, unless the Fund can otherwise sell its derivative contract to a third party prior to its expiration. Many counterparties are financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers and their creditworthiness (and ability to pay or perform) may be negatively impacted by factors affecting financial institutions generally. In addition, in the event that a counterparty becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the Funds ability to recover the collateral that the Fund has on deposit with the counterparty could be delayed or impaired. For derivatives traded on a centralized exchange, the Fund generally is dependent upon the solvency of the relevant exchange clearing house (which acts as a guarantor for each contractual obligation under |
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such derivatives) for payment on derivative instruments for which the Fund is owed money. |
◾ | Leverage Risk. Many derivatives do not require a payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by owning the derivative, which creates a form of leverage. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative. Leverage may therefore make the Funds returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. The Fund segregates or earmarks liquid assets with a value at least equal to the amount that the Fund owes the derivative counterparty each day, if any, or otherwise holds instruments that offset the Funds daily obligation under the derivatives instrument. This process is sometimes referred to as cover. The amount of liquid assets needed as cover will fluctuate over time as the value of the derivative instrument rises and falls. If the value of the Funds derivative positions or the value of the assets used as cover unexpectedly decreases, the Fund may be forced to segregate additional liquid assets as cover or sell assets at a disadvantageous time or price to meet its derivative obligations or to meet redemption requests, which could affect management of the Fund and the Funds returns. In certain market conditions, losses on derivative instruments can grow larger while the value of the Funds other assets fall, resulting in the Funds derivative positions becoming a larger percentage of the Funds investments. |
◾ | Liquidity Risk. There is a smaller pool of buyers and sellers for certain derivatives, particularly OTC derivatives, than for more traditional investments such as stocks. These buyers and sellers are often financial institutions that may be unable |
or unwilling to buy or sell derivatives during times of financial or market stress. Derivative instruments may therefore be less liquid than more traditional investments and the Fund may be unable to sell or exit its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the Fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. To the extent that the Fund is unable to exit a derivative position because of market illiquidity, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings and the liquidity of the Fund and its ability to meet redemption requests may be impaired to the extent that a substantial portion of the Funds otherwise liquid assets must be used as margin or cover. Another consequence of illiquidity is that the Fund may be required to hold a derivative instrument to maturity and take or make delivery of the underlying asset that the Adviser would otherwise have attempted to avoid. |
◾ |
Other Risks. Compared to other types of investments, derivatives may be harder to value and may also be less tax efficient, as described under the Federal Income Taxation section of the prospectus. In addition, changes in government regulation of derivative instruments could affect the character, timing and amount of the Funds taxable income or gains, and may limit or prevent the Fund from using certain types of derivative instruments as a part of its investment strategy, which could make the investment strategy more costly to implement or require the Fund to change its investment strategy. To the extent that the Fund uses derivatives for hedging or to gain or limit exposure to a particular market or market segment, there may be imperfect correlation |
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between the value of the derivative instrument and the value of the instrument being hedged or the relevant market or market segment, in which case the Fund may not realize the intended benefits. There is also the risk that during adverse market conditions, an instrument which would usually operate as a hedge provides no hedging benefits at all. The Funds use of derivatives may be limited by the requirements for taxation of the Fund as a regulated investment company. |
Financial Leverage. The Fund is authorized to utilize financial leverage to the maximum extent allowable under the 1940 Act. There are risks associated with borrowing or issuing preferred shares in an effort to increase the yield and distributions on the Common Shares, including that the costs of the financial leverage exceed the income from investments made with such leverage, the higher volatility of the net asset value of the Common Shares, and that fluctuations in the interest rates on the borrowing or dividend rates on preferred shares may affect the yield and distributions to the Common Shareholders. The Funds use of leverage also may impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for federal income tax purposes, as a regulated investment company.
As long as the Fund is able to invest the proceeds of any financial leverage in senior loans or other investments that provide a higher net return than the current cost of such financial leverage (i.e., the current interest rate on any borrowing or dividend rate of any preferred shares after taking into account the expenses of any borrowing or preferred shares offering) and the Funds operating expenses, the effect of leverage will be to cause the Common Shareholders to realize a higher current rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged. However, if the current costs of financial leverage were to exceed the return on such proceeds after expenses (which the Adviser believes to be an unlikely scenario), the Common Shareholders would have a lower rate of return than if the Fund had an unleveraged capital structure.
During any annual period when the Fund has a net payable on the interest due on borrowings or the dividends due on any outstanding preferred shares, the failure to pay on such amounts would preclude the Fund from paying dividends on the Common Shares. The rights of lenders to the Fund to receive interest on and repayment of principal on any borrowings will be senior to those of the holders of the Common Shares, and the terms of any such borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to holders of Common Shares in certain circumstances, and may require the Fund to pledge assets to secure such borrowing. Further, the terms of such borrowing may, and the 1940 Act does (in certain circumstances), grant to the lenders to the Fund certain voting rights in the event of default in the payment of interest on or repayment of principal. In addition, under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration and after deducting the amount of such dividend or distribution, the Fund is in compliance with the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. Such prohibition on the payment of dividends or distributions might impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification, for federal income tax purposes, as a regulated investment company. The Fund intends, however, to the extent possible, to repay borrowings or redeem any outstanding preferred securities from time to time if necessary, which may involve the payment by the Fund of a premium and the sale by the Fund of portfolio securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so, to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements.
Subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Fund may releverage through incurrence of new borrowing, or the reissuance of preferred shares and in connection with which the Fund, and indirectly the Common Shareholders, would incur the expenses of such releveraging. Any borrowing will likely rank senior to or pari passu with all other existing and future borrowings of the Fund. Interest payments and fees incurred in connection with borrowings will reduce the amount of net income available for payment to Common Shareholders.
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Although the Fund does not have any immediate intention to do so, the Fund may in the future issue preferred shares as a form of financial leverage. Any such preferred shares of the Fund would be senior to the Funds Common Shares, such that holders of preferred shares would have priority over the distribution of the Funds assets, including dividend and liquidating distributions. It is presently believed that any such preferred shares of the Fund would not be listed on any exchange and would be bought and sold in auctions through participating broker-dealers. If the Fund were to issue preferred shares, the Fund could be subject to, among other things, (i) more stringent asset coverage provisions, (ii) restrictions on certain investment practices and (iii) the imposition of certain minimum issue size, issuer geographical diversification and other requirements for determining portfolio assets that are eligible for computing compliance with their asset coverage requirements in connection with an investment grade rating for such preferred shares from one or more nationally recognized statistical rating shares by the Fund entails certain initial costs and expenses and certain ongoing administrative and accounting expenses, as well as costs of interest payments and dividends on the leverage. Fees based on the net assets of the Fund (such as the Funds advisory and administrative fees) will not increase by adding leverage to the Fund. Certain other expenses of the Fund (such as custodian fees or portfolio transaction-related costs, which generally increase with any increase in the amount of assets managed by the Fund) are expected to marginally increase by adding leverage to the Fund. All of these costs and expenses will be borne by the Funds Common Shareholders and will reduce the income or net assets available to Common Shareholders. If the Funds current investment income were not sufficient to meet interest expenses on any borrowing or dividend requirements on any preferred shares, the Fund might have to liquidate certain of its investments in order to meet required interest or dividend payments, thereby reducing the net asset value attributable to the Funds Common Shares. If there are preferred shares issued and outstanding,
holders of the preferred shares will elect two Trustees. In addition, the terms of any preferred shares or borrowing may entitle holders of the preferred shares or lenders, as the case may be, to elect a majority of the Board of Trustees in certain other circumstances.
The Fund may be converted to an open-end investment company only upon approval by the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, unless such transaction has been previously approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2 / 3 %) of the Board of Trustees, in which case the affirmative vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund with each class of Shares voting, which requires the affirmative vote of the lesser of 50% of the outstanding Shares or 67% of the Shares present in person or by proxy, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding shares are present. Among other things, conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company would require the redemption of all outstanding preferred shares and could require the repayment of borrowings, which would eliminate the leveraged capital structure of the Fund with respect to the Common Shares.
Certain other practices in which the Fund may engage, including entering into reverse repurchase agreements and investing in derivatives, such as swaps, may also be considered leverage and subject to the Funds leverage policy. However, to the extent that the Fund segregates cash, liquid securities or liquid Senior Loans in an amount sufficient to cover its obligations with respect to such reverse repurchase agreements and derivatives, they will not be subject to the Funds leverage policy.
Foreign Investments Risk. The value of the Funds foreign investments may be adversely affected by political and social instability in the home countries of the issuers of the investments, by changes in economic or taxation policies in those countries, or by the difficulty in enforcing obligations in those countries. Foreign investments
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also involve the risk of the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the issuer or foreign deposits (in which the Fund could lose its entire investments in a certain market) and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls. Foreign companies generally may be subject to less stringent regulations than U.S. companies, including financial reporting requirements and auditing and accounting controls, and may therefore be more susceptible to fraud or corruption. Also, there may be less publicly available information about companies in certain foreign countries than about U.S. companies making it more difficult for the Adviser to evaluate those companies. The laws of certain countries may put limits on a Funds ability to recover its assets held at a foreign bank if the foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security, or any of their agents, goes bankrupt. Trading in many foreign securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities due to the size of the market or other factors. Unless the Fund has hedged its foreign securities risk, foreign securities risk also involves the risk of negative foreign currency rate fluctuations, which may cause the value of securities denominated in such foreign currency (or other instruments through which the Fund has exposure to foreign currencies) to decline in value. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency hedging strategies, if used, are not always successful.
High Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bond) Risk . The Funds investments in high yield debt securities (commonly referred to as junk bonds) and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. These securities are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuers ability to pay interest and principal when due and are more susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic, regulatory, political or company developments than higher rated or investment grade securities. Prices of high yield debt securities tend to be very volatile. These securities are less liquid than investment grade debt securities and may be difficult to sell at a desirable time or price,
particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high yield securities.
High Yield Senior Loans Risk. Investments in high yield Senior Loans (junk investments) and other lower-rated Senior Loans will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss. These Senior Loans are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuers ability to pay interest and principal when due, are more susceptible to default or decline in market value and are less liquid than investment grade debt securities. Prices of high yield Senior Loans tend to be very volatile.
Inflation-Indexed Securities Risk. Inflation-indexed securities typically provide principal and interest payments that are adjusted over time to reflect a rise (inflation) or a drop (deflation) in the general price level for goods and services. The values of inflation-indexed securities generally fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed securities. Conversely, if inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed securities. The Funds income from its investments in inflation-indexed securities is likely to fluctuate considerably more than the income distributions of its investments in more traditional fixed-income securities.
Liquidity Risk. The Fund may be unable to sell illiquid investments at the time or price it desires and, as a result, could lose its entire investment in such investments. An investment may be illiquid due to a lack of trading volume in the investment or if the investment is privately placed and not traded in any public market or is otherwise restricted from trading. Certain restricted securities require special registration and pose valuation difficulties. Liquid securities can become illiquid during periods of market stress. If a significant amount of the Funds securities become illiquid, the Fund may not be able to timely pay redemption proceeds and may need to sell securities at significantly reduced prices.
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Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and depends heavily on the Advisers judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for the Funds portfolio. The Fund could experience losses if these judgments prove to be incorrect. There can be no guarantee that the Advisers investment techniques or investment decisions will produce the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investments or investment strategies available to the investment manager in connection with managing the Fund, which may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
Market Risk. The market values of the Funds investments, and therefore the value of the Funds shares, will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy, or it may affect the market as a whole. The value of the Funds investments may go up or down due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to the particular issuer, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for revenues or corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, regional or global instability, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of the Funds investments may also go up or down due to factors that affect an individual issuer or a particular industry or sector, such as changes in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Individual stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of certain other types of investments, such as bonds. During a general downturn in the financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that specific investments held by the Fund will rise in value.
No Trading Market for Shares. The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed for long-term investors. The Fund does not intend to list the Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. While there is no restriction on
transferring the Shares, there is not expected to be any secondary trading market in the Shares. The Shares are illiquid. There is no guarantee that you will be able to resell to the Fund all of the Shares that you desire to sell at any particular time in any repurchase offer by the Fund.
Participations. The Fund may purchase Participations in Senior Loans. Under a Participation, the Fund generally will have rights that are more limited than the rights of Lenders or of persons who acquire a Senior Loan by Assignment. In a Participation, the Fund typically has a contractual relationship with the Lender selling the Participation but not with the Borrower. As a result, the Fund assumes the credit risk of the Lender selling the Participation in addition to the credit risk of the Borrower. In the event of the insolvency of the Lender selling the Participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender and may not have a senior claim to the Lenders interest in the Senior Loan. Certain participations in Senior Loans are illiquid, meaning the Fund may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price. Illiquid securities are also difficult to value. The Fund presently does not intend to invest more than 5% of its net assets in Participations in Senior Loans.
Repurchase Offer Risks. If the Fund repurchases more Shares than it is able to sell, the Funds net assets may decline and expense ratios may increase and the Funds ability to achieve its investment objective may be adversely affected. Moreover, this may force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and the Fund may be forced to sell Fund assets that may have declined in value. Such sales may affect the market for the assets being sold, which in turn, could diminish the value of an investment in the Fund. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect shareholders who do not tender their Shares for repurchase by increasing the Funds expenses and reducing any net investment income. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and shareholders will have to wait until the next
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repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Thus, there is also a risk that some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular repurchase offer, thereby increasing both the likelihood that proration will occur and the likelihood the Fund will repurchase more Shares than it is able to sell.
Reverse Repurchase Agreement Risk. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities to be repurchased may decline below the repurchase price, or that the other party may default on its obligation, resulting in the Fund being delayed or prevented from completing the transaction. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Funds use of the proceeds from the sale of the securities may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Funds repurchase obligation. When the Fund engages in reverse repurchase agreements, changes in the value of the Funds investments will have a larger effect on its share price than if it did not engage in these
transactions due to the effect of leverage. Leverage will make the Funds returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Additionally, interest expenses related to reverse repurchase agreements could exceed the rate of return on debt obligations and other investments held by the Fund, thereby reducing returns to shareholders.
Repurchase Agreement Risk. If the seller of a repurchase agreement defaults or otherwise does not fulfill its obligations, the Fund may incur delays and losses arising from selling the underlying securities, enforcing its rights, or declining collateral value. These risks are magnified to the extent that a repurchase agreement is secured by securities other than cash or U.S. Government securities.
Structured Products. The Fund may invest in structured notes, CLN, CLO, CDO, CDS and other types of structured investments. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are
subject to counterparty risk. The Fund may have the right to receive payments to which it is entitled only from the structured product, and generally does not have direct rights against the Borrower. The Fund generally will not have the right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the Loan Agreement, nor rights to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off against the Borrower. In addition, when the Fund holds a structured product derived from a Senior Loan, it may not have the right to vote on whether to waive enforcement of any restrictive covenant breached by a Borrower. Lenders voting in connection with a potential waiver of a restrictive covenant may have interests different from those of the Fund and may not consider the interests of the Fund.
When the Fund acts as a seller of a credit default swap agreement, it is subject to the risk that an adverse credit event may occur with respect to the reference obligation and the Fund may be required to pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation net of any amounts owed to the Fund by the buyer under the swap. If the Fund is a buyer of a CDS and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. The Fund may exit its obligations under a CDS only by terminating the contract and paying applicable breakage fees, or by entering into an offsetting CDS position, which may cause the Fund to incur more losses. Swaps are subject to federal legislation implemented through rulemaking by the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission which may adversely impact the swap market generally or the Funds ability to use swaps.
The cash flow or rate of return on a structured product may be determined by applying a multiplier to the rate of total return on the underlying investments or referenced indicator. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of financial leverage, a speculative technique. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. As a result, a relatively small decline in the value of the underlying investments or referenced indicator could result in a relatively large loss in the value of a structured product.
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Warrants, Equity Securities and Junior Debt Securities. Warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities have a subordinate claim on a Borrowers assets as compared with Senior Loans. As a result, the values of warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities generally are more dependent on the financial condition of the Borrower and less dependent on fluctuations in interest rates than are the values of many debt securities. The values of warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities may be more volatile than those of Senior Loans and thus may increase the volatility of the Funds net asset value. Additionally, warrants may be significantly less valuable on their relevant expiration date resulting in a loss of money or they may expire worthless resulting in a total loss of the investment. Warrants may also be postponed or terminated early resulting in a partial or total loss of the investment. Warrants may also be illiquid.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitments Risks. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions are subject to market risk as the value or yield of a security at delivery may be more or less than the purchase price or the yield generally available on securities when delivery occurs. In addition, the Fund is subject to counterparty risk because it relies on the buyer or seller, as the case may be, to consummate the transaction, and failure by the counterparty to complete the transaction may result in the Fund missing the opportunity of obtaining a price or yield considered to be advantageous. These transactions have a leveraging effect on the Fund because the Fund commits to purchase securities that it does not have to pay for until a later date. These investments therefore increase the Funds overall investment exposure and, as a result, its volatility. Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has set aside to cover these positions.
Board of Trustees
The management of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed by the Adviser, is the responsibility of the Funds Board of Trustees.
Investment Adviser
Invesco Advisers, Inc. (Invesco or the Adviser) is the Funds investment adviser. The Adviser is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. Invesco Ltd. and its subsidiaries are an independent global investment management group. The Adviser is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. The Adviser, a successor in interest to multiple investment advisers, has been an investment adviser since 1976.
Advisory Agreement. The Fund retains the Adviser to manage the investment of its assets and to place orders for the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities. Under an investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Fund (the Advisory Agreement), the Fund pays the Adviser a monthly fee computed based upon an annual rate applied to the average daily net assets of the Fund as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets | % Per Annum | |||||
First $500 million | 0.900% | |||||
Next $1 billion | 0.850% | |||||
Next $1 billion | 0.825% | |||||
Next $500 million | 0.800% | |||||
Over $3 billion | 0.775% |
Applying this fee schedule, the Funds effective advisory fee rate was 0.88% of the Funds average daily net assets for the Funds fiscal year ended February 28, 2017. The Funds average daily net assets are determined by taking the average of all of the determinations of the net assets during a given calendar month. Such fee is payable for each
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calendar month as soon as practicable after the end of that month.
The Adviser furnishes offices, necessary facilities and equipment. The Fund pays all charges and expenses of its day-to-day operations, including service fees, distribution fees, custodian fees, legal and independent registered public accounting firm fees, the costs of reports and proxies to shareholders, compensation of trustees of the Fund (other than those who are affiliated persons of the Adviser or Invesco Distributors) and all other ordinary business expenses not specifically assumed by the Adviser.
Investment Sub-Adviser
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. (Invesco Senior Secured) serves as the Funds investment sub-adviser. Invesco Senior Secured, an affiliate of the Adviser, is located at 1166 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036. Invesco Senior Secured has experience managing senior secured loans dating back to 1990. Invesco Senior Secured manages a broad array of portfolio types including retail mutual funds, commingled institutional funds, separate accounts and structured products for a variety of retail and institutional investors (both public and private). Invesco Senior Secured is responsible for the Funds day-to-day management, including the Funds investment decisions and the execution of securities transactions with respect to the Fund. The Adviser, not the Fund, pays sub-advisory fees, if any.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approval of the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds Semiannual Report dated August 31, 2016.
Exclusion of Adviser from Commodity Pool Operator Definition. With respect to the Fund, the Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator (CPO) under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and, therefore, is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO. In
addition, the Adviser is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of commodity trading advisor (CTA) under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC with respect to the Fund. The terms of the CPO exclusion require the Fund, among other things, to adhere to certain limits on its investments in commodity interests. Commodity interests include commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable forwards. The Fund is permitted to invest in these instruments as further described in the Funds SAI. However, the Fund is not intended as a vehicle for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps markets. The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the Advisers reliance on these exclusions, or the Fund, its investment strategies or this prospectus.
Portfolio management. Investment decisions for the Fund are made by the investment management team at Invesco and Invesco Senior Secured. The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio.
| Philip Yarrow, Portfolio Manager, who has been responsible for managing the Fund since 2007 and has been associated with Invesco Senior Secured and/or its affiliates since 2010. From 2005-2010 and prior to joining Invesco Senior Secured, Mr. Yarrow was an Executive Director with Morgan Stanley. |
| Thomas Ewald, Portfolio Manager, who has been responsible for managing the Fund since 2010 and has been associated with Invesco Senior Secured and/or its affiliates since 2000. |
| Scott Baskind, Portfolio Manager, who has been responsible for managing the Fund since 2013 and has been associated with Invesco and/or its affiliates since 1999. |
More information on the portfolio managers may be found at www.invesco.com/us. The website is not part of the Prospectus.
The Funds SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers investments in the
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Fund, a description of the compensation structure and information regarding other accounts managed.
Administrator
Invesco Advisers, Inc., the Funds investment adviser, also serves as the Funds Administrator. Pursuant to the administration agreement between the Fund and the Administrator (the Administration Agreement), the Administrator (i) monitors provisions of Loan Agreements and any Participations and Assignments and is responsible for recordkeeping for Senior Loans; (ii) arranges for the printing and dissemination of reports to shareholders; (iii) arranges for dissemination of the Funds proxy and any repurchase offer materials to shareholders, and oversees the tabulation of proxies by the Funds transfer agent; (iv) negotiates the terms and conditions under which custodian services are provided to the Fund and the fees to be paid by the Fund in connection therewith; (v) negotiates the terms and conditions under which dividend disbursing services are provided to the Fund, and the fees to be paid by the Fund in connection therewith, and reviews the provision of such services to the Fund; (vi) provides the Funds dividend disbursing agent and custodian with such information as is required for them to effect payment of dividends and distributions and to implement the Funds dividend reinvestment plan; (vii) makes such reports and recommendations to the Board of Trustees as the trustees reasonably request; and (viii) provides shareholder services to holders or potential holders of the Funds securities.
For the services rendered to the Fund and related expenses borne by the Administrator, the Fund pays the Administrator a fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, at the annualized rate of 0.25% of the Funds average daily net assets.
General
This Prospectus offers three classes of Shares of the Fund, designated as Class A Shares, Class C Shares
and Class Y Shares, and describes three classes of Shares, designated as Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, which are not continuously offered. Class A Shares and Class C Shares are available to all retail investors, including individuals, trusts, corporations, business and charitable organizations and retirement and benefits plans. Class Y shares are available to (i) investors who purchase through an account that is charged an asset-based fee or commission by a financial intermediary that Invesco or its affiliate has approved to sell Class Y shares, (ii) defined contribution plans, defined benefit retirement plans, endowments or foundations, (iii) banks or bank trust departments acting on their own behalf or as trustee or manager for trust accounts, or (iv) any current, former or retired trustee, director, officer or employee (or immediate family members of a current, former or retired trustee, director, officer or employee) of any registered investment funds offered to retail investors advised by the Adviser (Invesco Funds) or of Invesco Ltd. or any of its subsidiaries. By offering multiple classes of Shares, the Fund permits each investor to choose the class of Shares that is most beneficial given the type of investor, the amount to be invested and the length of time the investor expects to hold the Shares. You should discuss with your authorized dealer which Share class is most appropriate for you. As described more fully below, each class of Shares offers a distinct structure of sales charges, distribution and service fees and other features (for example, the reduced or eliminated sales charges available for purchases of Class A Shares over $100,000 of the Fund or your cumulative ownership of Participating Funds) that are designed to address a variety of needs.
Each class of Shares of the Fund represents an interest in the same portfolio of investments of the Fund and has the same rights except that (i) Class A Shares generally bear the sales charge expenses at the time of purchase while Class B Shares and Class C Shares generally bear the sales charge expenses at the time of repurchase by the Fund and any expenses (including higher distribution fees and transfer agency costs) resulting from such early withdrawal charge
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arrangement and Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares are not subject to initial sales charges or early withdrawal charges, (ii) each class of Shares has exclusive voting rights with respect to approvals of any applicable distribution plan and any applicable service plan (each as described below), under which the classs distribution fee and/or service fee is paid, (iii) certain classes of Shares have different exchange privileges, (iv) certain classes of Shares are subject to a conversion feature and (v) certain classes of Shares have different shareholder service options available.
Pricing Fund Shares
The offering price of the Funds Shares is based upon the Funds net asset value per Share (plus sales charges, where applicable). Differences in net asset values per Share of each class of Shares are generally expected to be due to the daily expense accruals of the specified distribution and service fees and transfer agency costs applicable to such class of Shares and the differential in the dividends that may be paid on each class of Shares.
The net asset value per Share for each class of Shares of the Fund is determined once daily as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) each day the Exchange is open for trading except on any day on which no purchase or repurchase orders are received or there is not a sufficient degree of trading in the Funds portfolio securities such that the Funds net asset value per Share might be materially affected. The Funds Board of Trustees reserves the right to calculate the net asset value per Share and adjust the offering price more frequently than once daily if deemed desirable. Net asset value per Share for each class is determined by dividing the value of the Funds portfolio securities, cash and other assets (including accrued interest) attributable to such class, less all liabilities (including accrued expenses) attributable to such class, by the total number of Shares of the class outstanding. For more information about computing net asset value per Share, see the section entitled Net Asset Value in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Distribution Plan and Service Plan
The Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares and in so doing has agreed to comply with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act as if the Fund were an open-end investment company. The Fund also has adopted a Service Plan with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares. There is no Distribution Plan or Service Plan for Class Y Shares or Class IB Shares and no Distribution Plan for Class IC Shares. Under the Distribution Plan and the Service Plan, the Fund pays distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares and service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing services to holders of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares and the maintenance of such shareholders accounts. For information on the fees paid pursuant to the Distribution Plan and Service Plan for Class A, Class B and Class C Shares, see Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares, respectively. Class IC Shares are subject to a service fee of up to 0.25% of average daily net assets attributable to such class of Shares. The Funds Board of Trustees has authorized the Fund to make service fee payments not to exceed 0.15% of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to Class IC Shares for any fiscal year.
The amount of distribution fees and service fees varies among the classes offered by the Fund. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, these fees will increase the cost of your investment in the Fund. By purchasing a class of Shares subject to higher distribution fees and service fees, you may pay more over time than on a class of Shares with other types of sales charge arrangements. Long-term shareholders may pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charges permitted by the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). The net income attributable to a class of Shares will be reduced by the amount of the distribution fees and service fees and other expenses of the Fund associated with that class of Shares.
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To assist investors in comparing classes of Shares, the tables under the Prospectus heading Fees and Expenses of the Fund provide a summary of sales charges and expenses and an example of the sales charges and expenses of the Fund applicable to each class of Shares offered herein.
How to Buy Shares
The Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares are offered on a continuous basis through Invesco Distributors as principal underwriter, which is located at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173. Invesco Distributors, Inc. is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. Shares may be purchased through members of FINRA who are acting as securities dealers (dealers) and FINRA members or eligible non-FINRA members who are acting as brokers or agents for investors (brokers). Dealers and brokers are sometimes referred to herein as authorized dealers.
Shares may be purchased on any business day by completing the account application form and forwarding it, directly or through an authorized dealer, administrator, custodian, trustee, record keeper or financial adviser, to the Funds shareholder service agent, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (Invesco Investment Services). When purchasing shares of the Fund, investors must specify the correct class of shares by selecting the correct Fund number on the account application form. Sales personnel of authorized dealers distributing the Funds shares are entitled to receive compensation for selling such Shares and may receive differing compensation for selling different classes of shares.
The Adviser and/or Invesco Distributors may pay compensation (out of their own funds and not as an expense of the Fund) to certain affiliated or unaffiliated authorized dealers in connection with the sale or retention of Fund Shares and/or shareholder servicing. Such compensation may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving, or the receipt of, such compensation may provide both affiliated and unaffiliated entities, and their representatives or employees,
with an incentive to favor sales or retention of Shares of the Fund over other investment options. Any such payments will not change the net asset value or the price of the Funds Shares. For more information, please see Sales Compensation below and/or contact your authorized dealer.
The offering price for Shares is based upon the next determined net asset value per Share (plus sales charges, where applicable) after an order is received timely by Invesco Investment Services, either directly or from authorized dealers, administrators, financial advisers, custodians, trustees or record keepers. Purchases completed through an authorized dealer, administrator, custodian, trustee, record keeper or financial adviser may involve additional fees charged by such person. Orders received by Invesco Investment Services prior to the close of the Exchange, and orders received by authorized dealers, administrators, custodians, trustees, record keepers or financial advisers prior to the close of the Exchange that are properly transmitted to Invesco Investment Services by the time designated by Invesco Investment Services, are priced based on the date of receipt. Orders received by Invesco Investment Services after the close of the Exchange, and orders received by authorized dealers, administrators, custodians, trustees, record keepers or financial advisers after the close of the Exchange or orders received by such persons that are not transmitted to Invesco Investment Services until after the time designated by Invesco Investment Services, are priced based on the date of the next determined net asset value per Share provided they are received timely by Invesco Investment Services on such date. It is the responsibility of authorized dealers, administrators, custodians, trustees, record keepers or financial advisers to transmit orders received by them to Invesco Investment Services so they will be received in a timely manner.
The Fund and Invesco Distributors reserve the right to reject or limit any order to purchase Fund Shares through exchange or otherwise and to close any shareholder account when they believe it is in the best interests of the Fund. Certain patterns of past exchanges and/or purchase or sale transactions
47
involving the Fund or other Participating Funds (as defined below) may result in the Fund rejecting or limiting, in the Funds or Invesco Distributors discretion, additional purchases and/or exchanges or in an account being closed. Determinations in this regard may be made based on the frequency or dollar amount of the previous exchanges or purchase or sale transactions. The Fund also reserves the right to suspend the sale of the Funds Shares to investors in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons. As used herein, Participating Funds refers to Invesco investment companies advised by the Adviser and distributed by Invesco Distributors as determined from time to time by the Funds Board of Trustees.
Investor accounts with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares will automatically be credited with additional Shares of the Fund after any Fund distributions, unless the investor instructs the Fund otherwise. With respect to Class IC Shares and Class IB Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of dividends and distributions will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instruction. Investors wishing to receive cash instead of additional Shares should contact the Fund by visiting our web site at www.invesco.com/us, by writing to the Fund, c/o Invesco Investment Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219078, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9078 or by telephone at (800) 959-4246.
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $1,000; $250 for tax-sheltered retirement plans (see Shareholder Services Retirement plans). The minimum subsequent investment is $50.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, the Fund has implemented an anti-money laundering compliance program and has designated an anti-money laundering compliance officer. As part of the program, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. What this means to you: when you open an account, you will be asked to provide your name, address, date of birth, and other information
that will allow us to identify you. The Fund and Invesco Distributors reserve the right to not open your account if this information is not provided. If the Fund or Invesco Distributors is unable to verify your identity, the Fund and Invesco Distributors reserve the right to restrict additional transactions and/or reject your attempted purchase of Shares or take any other action required by law.
Class A Shares
Class A Shares of the Fund are sold at the offering price, which is net asset value plus an initial maximum sales charge of up to 3.25% (or 3.36% of the net amount invested). Reductions on investments of $100,000 or more as well as other sales charge waivers and discounts are described below.
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (CDSC) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchasers responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchasers financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
48
Class A Shares
Sales Charge Schedule
Size of Investment |
As % of Offering Price |
As % of Net Amount Invested |
||
Less than $100,000 | 3.25% | 3.36% | ||
$100,000 but less than $250,000 | 2.75% | 2.83% | ||
$250,000 but less than $500,000 | 1.75% | 1.78% | ||
$500,000 but less than
$1,000,000 |
1.50% | 1.52% | ||
$1,000,000 or more | | |
| The actual sales charge that may be paid by an investor may differ slightly from the sales charge shown above due to rounding that occurs in the calculation of the offering price and in the number of Shares purchased. |
| No sales charge is payable at the time of purchase on investments in Class A Shares of $1 million or more, although such Class A Shares purchased without a sales charge may be subject to an early withdrawal charge of 1.00% on certain repurchases by the Fund made within eighteen months of purchase. The early withdrawal charge is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value of the Shares or the historical cost of the Shares (which is the amount actually paid for the Shares at the time of original purchase) being repurchased by the Fund. Accordingly, no early withdrawal charge is imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to substantiate the historical cost of their Shares, as the Fund and authorized dealers may not retain this information. |
No sales charge is imposed on Class A Shares received from reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
Under the Distribution Plan and the Service Plan, the Fund may spend up to a total of 0.25% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class A Shares of the Fund. The aggregate distribution fees and service fees paid for the Funds last fiscal year were 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares of the Fund.
Class A Shares
Quantity Discounts
Investors purchasing Class A Shares may, under certain circumstances described below, be entitled to pay reduced or no sales charges. A person eligible for a reduced sales charge includes an individual, his or her spouse or equivalent, children
under 21 years of age and any corporation, partnership or sole proprietorship which is 100% owned, either alone or in combination, by any of the foregoing, a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single trust or for a single fiduciary account, or a company as defined in Section 2(a)(8) of the 1940 Act.
Investors must notify the Fund or their authorized dealer at the time of the purchase order whenever a quantity discount is applicable to purchases and may be required to provide the Fund, or their authorized dealer, with certain information or records to verify eligibility for a quantity discount. Such information or records may include account statements or other records for shares of the Fund or other Participating Funds in all accounts (e.g., retirement accounts) of the investor and other eligible persons, as described above, which may include accounts held at the Fund or at other authorized dealers.
Upon such notification, an investor will pay the lowest applicable sales charge. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to substantiate the purchase price of the Shares, as the Fund and authorized dealers may not retain this information.
Quantity discounts may be modified or terminated at any time. For more information about quantity discounts, investors should contact the Fund, their authorized dealer or Invesco Distributors.
Volume discounts. The size of investment shown in the Class A Shares sales charge table applies to the total dollar amount being invested by any person in Shares of the Fund, or in any combination of Shares of the Fund and shares of other Participating Funds, although other Participating Funds may have different sales charges.
Cumulative purchase discount. The size of investment shown in the Class A Shares sales charge table may also be determined by combining the amount being invested in shares of the Participating Funds plus the current offering price of all shares of the Participating Funds currently owned.
49
Letter of Intent. A Letter of Intent provides an opportunity for an investor to obtain a reduced sales charge by aggregating investments over a 13-month period to determine the sales charge as outlined in the Class A Shares sales charge table. The size of investment shown in the Class A Shares sales charge table includes purchases of shares of the Participating Funds in Class A Shares over a 13-month period based on the total amount of intended purchases, including any applicable credit for the current offering price of all shares of the Participating Funds previously purchased and still owned as of the date of the Letter of Intent. Each investment made during the period receives the reduced sales charge applicable to the total amount of the investment goal. The Letter of Intent does not preclude the Fund (or any other Participating Fund) from discontinuing the sale of its Shares. The initial purchase must be for an amount equal to at least 5% of the minimum total purchase amount of the level selected. The Fund initially will escrow Shares totaling 5% of the dollar amount of the Letter of Intent to be held by Invesco Investment Services in the name of the shareholder. In the event the Letter of Intent goal is not achieved within the specified period, the investor must pay the difference between the sales charge applicable to the purchases made and the reduced sales charge previously paid. Such payments may be made directly to Invesco Distributors or, if not paid, Invesco Distributors will liquidate sufficient escrowed Shares to obtain the difference.
Class A Shares
Purchase Programs
Purchasers of Class A Shares may be entitled to reduced or no initial sales charges in connection with certain unit investment trust reinvestment program repurchases and purchases by registered representatives of selling firms or purchases by persons affiliated with the Fund or Invesco Distributors as described below. The Fund reserves the right to modify or terminate these arrangements at any time.
Net asset value purchase options. Class A Shares of the Fund may be purchased at net asset value without a sales charge, generally upon written assurance that the purchase is made for investment purposes and that the Shares will not be resold except through repurchases by the Fund, by:
(1) | Any current, former or retired trustee, director, officer or employee (or immediate family member of a current, former or retired trustee, director, officer or employee) of any Invesco Fund or of Invesco Ltd. or any of its subsidiaries. This includes any foundation, trust or employee benefit plan maintained by any of the persons listed above. |
(2) | Directors, officers, employees and, when permitted, registered representatives, of financial institutions that have a selling group agreement with Invesco Distributors and their spouses or equivalent and children under 21 years of age when purchasing for any accounts they beneficially own, or, in the case of any such financial institution, when purchasing for retirement plans for such institutions employees; provided that such purchases are otherwise permitted by such institutions. |
(3) | Banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisers and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with Invesco Distributors or one of its affiliates, purchasing Shares on behalf of clients participating in a fund supermarket, wrap program, asset allocation program, or other program in which the clients pay an asset-based fee (which may be subject to a minimum flat fee) for: advisory or financial planning services, executing transactions in Participating Fund shares, or for otherwise participating in the program. |
(4) |
Trustees and other fiduciaries purchasing Shares for retirement plans which invest in multiple fund families through broker-dealer retirement plan alliance programs that have entered into agreements with Invesco Distributors and which are subject to certain |
50
minimum size and operational requirements. Trustees and other fiduciaries may call Invesco Distributors for further details with respect to such alliance programs. |
(5) | Retirement plans funded by the rollovers of assets of Participating Funds from an employer-sponsored retirement plan and established exclusively for the benefit of an individual (specifically including, but not limited to, a Traditional IRA, Roth IRA, SIMPLE IRA, Solo 401(k), Money Purchase or Profit Sharing plan) if: |
(i) | the account being funded by such rollover is to be maintained by the same trustee, custodian or administrator that maintained the plan from which the rollover funding such rollover originated, or an affiliate thereof; and |
(ii) | the dealer of record with respect to the account being funded by such rollover is the same as the dealer of record with respect to the plan from which the rollover funding such rollover originated, or an affiliate thereof. |
(6) | Trusts created under pension, profit sharing or other employee benefit plans (including qualified and non-qualified deferred compensation plans), provided that (a) the total plan assets are at least $1 million or (b) the plan has more than 100 eligible employees. A commission will be paid to authorized dealers who initiate and are responsible for such purchases within a rolling twelve-month period as follows: 1.00% on sales of $1 million to $2 million, plus 0.75% on the next $1 million, plus 0.50% on the next $2 million, plus 0.25% on the excess over $5 million. |
(7) | Clients of authorized dealers purchasing Shares in fixed or flat fee (rather than transaction based fee) brokerage accounts. |
(8) | Certain qualified state tuition plans qualifying pursuant to Section 529 of the Internal |
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), that are approved by Invesco Distributors. |
(9) | Unit investment trusts sponsored by Invesco Distributors or its affiliates. |
The term families includes a persons spouse or equivalent, children and grandchildren under 21 years of age, parents and the parents of the persons spouse or equivalent.
Purchase orders made pursuant to clause (3) may be placed either through authorized dealers as described above or directly with Invesco Investment Services by the investment adviser, financial planner, trust company or bank trust department, provided that Invesco Investment Services receives federal funds for the purchase by the close of business on the next business day following acceptance of the order. An authorized dealer may charge a transaction fee for placing an order to purchase Shares pursuant to this provision or for placing an order in a repurchase offer by the Fund with respect to such Shares. Authorized dealers will be paid a service fee as described above on purchases made under options (2) through (8) above. The Fund may terminate, or amend the terms of, offering Shares of the Fund at net asset value to such groups at any time.
Rights of Accumulation. Investors may combine new purchases of Class A Shares with other Shares of the Fund currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of an investors current purchase and the value of other Shares of the Fund owned by such investor based on the current public offering price of the Shares. The transfer agent may automatically link certain accounts registered in the same name with the same taxpayer identification number for the purpose of qualifying an investor for lower initial sales charge rates.
Eligible purchasers of Class A Shares may also be entitled to reduced or no initial sales charges through certain purchase programs offered by the
51
Fund. For more information, see Other Purchase Programs herein.
Intermediary Sales Charge Waivers and Discounts . Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch. Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan
Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan
Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program
Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynchs platform
Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable)
Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)
Shares converted from Class C ( i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date
Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members
Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Funds investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus
Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement)
CDSC Waivers on A, B and C Shares available at Merrill Lynch.
Death or disability of the shareholder
Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Funds prospectus
Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account
Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70 1 ⁄ 2
Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch
Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement
Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are converted to a lower cost share class due to transfer to a fee based account or platform (applicable to A and C shares only)
Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.
Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets
Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a
52
fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)
Class B Shares
Effective November 30, 2010, Class B Shares of the Fund are not continuously offered. Class B Shares of the Fund are sold at net asset value and are subject to an early withdrawal charge if repurchased by the Fund within five years of purchase as shown in the following table:
Class B Shares
Early Withdrawal Charge Schedule
Year Since Purchase |
Early Withdrawal Charge as a Percentage of Dollar Amount Subject to Charge |
|
First | 3.00% | |
Second | 2.00% | |
Third | 1.50% | |
Fourth | 1.00% | |
Fifth | 0.50% | |
Sixth and After | 0.00% |
The early withdrawal charge is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value of the Shares or the historical cost of the Shares (which is the amount actually paid for the Shares at the time of original purchase) being repurchased by the Fund. Accordingly, no early withdrawal charge is imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to substantiate the historical cost of their Shares, as the Fund and authorized dealers may not retain this information. In addition, no early withdrawal charge is assessed on Shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or distributions.
The amount of the early withdrawal charge, if any, varies depending on the number of years from the time of each purchase of Class B Shares until the time of repurchase by the Fund of such Shares.
In determining whether an early withdrawal charge applies to a repurchase, it is assumed that the Shares being repurchased first are any Shares in the
shareholders Fund account that are not subject to an early withdrawal charge, followed by Shares held the longest in the shareholders account.
Under the Distribution Plan, the Fund may spend up to 0.75% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares of the Fund. In addition, under the Service Plan, the Fund may spend up to 0.25% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares of the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Plans, the Fund may spend less (and therefore shareholders may be charged less) than the combined annual distribution and service fees of 1.00% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class B Shares of the Fund. See the section entitled Financial Highlights herein and the section entitled Distribution and Service in the Funds Statement of Additional Information. The aggregate distribution fees and service fees paid for the Funds last fiscal year were 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class B Shares of the Fund.
Eligible purchasers of Class B Shares may also be entitled to reduced or no early withdrawal charges through certain purchase programs offered by the Fund. For more information, see Other Purchase Programs herein.
Conversion feature. Class B Shares purchased on or after February 18, 2005, including Class B Shares received from reinvestment of distributions through the dividend reinvestment plan on such Shares, automatically convert to Class A Shares eight years after the end of the calendar month in which the Shares were purchased. Such conversion will be on the basis of the relative net asset values per Share, without the imposition of any sales load, fee or other charge. The conversion schedule applicable to a Share of the Fund acquired through the exchange privilege from a Participating Fund is determined by reference to the Participating Fund from which such Share was originally purchased.
Class C Shares
Class C Shares of the Fund are sold at net asset value and are subject to an early withdrawal charge
53
of 1.00% of the dollar amount subject to charge if repurchased by the Fund within one year of purchase.
The early withdrawal charge is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value of the Shares or the historical cost of the Shares (which is the amount actually paid for the Shares at the time of original purchase) being repurchased by the Fund. Accordingly, no early withdrawal charge is imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to substantiate the historical cost of their Shares, as the Fund and authorized dealers may not retain this information. In addition, no early withdrawal charge is assessed on Shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or distributions. The Fund will not accept a purchase order for Class C Shares in the amount of $1 million or more.
In determining whether an early withdrawal charge applies to a repurchase of Shares, it is assumed that the Shares being repurchased first are any Shares in the shareholders Fund account that are not subject to an early withdrawal charge, followed by Shares held the longest in the shareholders account.
Under the Distribution Plan, the Fund may spend up to 0.75% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class C Shares of the Fund. In addition, under the Service Plan, the Fund may spend up to 0.25% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class C Shares of the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Plans, the Fund may spend less (and therefore shareholders may be charged less) than the combined annual distribution and service fees of 1.00% per year of the Funds average daily net assets with respect to Class C Shares of the Fund. See the section entitled Financial Highlights herein and the section entitled Distribution and Service in the Funds Statement of Additional Information. The aggregate distribution fees and service fees paid for the Funds last fiscal year were 1.00% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares of the Fund.
Eligible purchasers of Class C Shares may also be entitled to reduced or no early withdrawal charges through certain purchase programs offered by the Fund. For more information, see Other Purchase Programs herein.
Class Y Shares
Class Y Shares of the Fund are sold at net asset value. No sales charge is imposed on purchases of Class Y Shares. Class Y Shares are not subject to an early withdrawal charge. Class Y Shares do not pay distribution fees or service fees under the Distribution Plan or Service Plan, respectively.
Waiver of Early Withdrawal Charge
The early withdrawal charge is waived on repurchases by the Fund of Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares purchased subject to an early withdrawal charge pursuant to a repurchase offer (i) within one year following the death or disability (as disability is defined by federal income tax law) of a shareholder, (ii) for required minimum distributions from an individual retirement account (IRA) or certain other retirement plan distributions or (iii) if no commission or transaction fee is paid by Invesco Distributors to authorized dealers at the time of purchase of such Shares. With respect to Class B Shares and Class C Shares, waiver category (iii) above is only applicable with respect to Shares sold through certain 401(k) plans. Subject to certain limitations, a shareholder who has tendered for repurchase Class C Shares of the Fund may reinvest in Class C Shares at net asset value with credit for any early withdrawal charge if the reinvestment is made within 180 days after the repurchase, provided that Shares of the Fund are available for sale at the time of reinvestment. For a more complete description of early withdrawal charge waivers, please refer to the Statement of Additional Information or contact your authorized dealer. The Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares have no early withdrawal charges (the early withdrawal schedules applicable to the former Class B Shares and former Class C Shares
54
outstanding on February 18, 2005 have been terminated).
Other Purchase Programs
Exchange privilege. Exchanges of shares are sales of shares of one Participating Fund and purchases of shares of another Participating Fund. Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares of the Fund may be exchanged for shares of the same class of any Participating Fund, and Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares of the Fund may be exchanged for Class A Shares of any Participating Fund (other than the Fund), based on the net asset value per share of each fund determined on the Funds next repurchase pricing date, after the Fund makes a repurchase pursuant to a repurchase offer, without any sales charge or early withdrawal charge, subject to minimum purchase requirements and certain limitations. For more information regarding the exchange privilege, see the section of this Prospectus entitled Shareholder Services Exchange privilege.
Reinstatement privilege. A holder of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares or Class IC Shares who has tendered for repurchase Shares of the Fund may reinstate any portion or all of the net proceeds of such repurchase (and may include that amount necessary to acquire a fractional Share to round off his or her purchase to the next full Share) in Class A Shares of any Participating Fund. A holder of Class C Shares who has tendered for repurchase Shares of the Fund may reinstate any portion or all of the net proceeds of such repurchase (and may include that amount necessary to acquire a fractional Share to round off his or her purchase to the next full Share) in Class C Shares of any Participating Fund with credit given for any early withdrawal charge paid on the amount of shares reinstated from such repurchase, provided that such shareholder has not previously exercised this reinstatement privilege with respect to Class C Shares of the Fund. Shares acquired in this manner will be deemed to have the original cost and purchase date of the repurchased Shares for purposes of applying the early withdrawal charge applicable to Class C Shares to subsequent
repurchases. Reinstatements are made at the net asset value per Share (without a sales charge) next determined after the order is received, which must be made within 180 days after the date of the repurchase by the Fund of the Shares, provided that Shares of the Participating Fund into which shareholders desire to reinstate their net proceeds of a redemption of Shares of the Fund are available for sale. Reinstatement at net asset value per Share is also offered to participants in eligible retirement plans for repayment of principal (and interest) on their borrowings on such plans, provided that Shares of the Participating Fund are available for sale. Shareholders must notify Invesco Distributors or their authorized dealer of their eligibility to participate in the reinstatement privilege and may be required to provide documentation to the Participating Fund. For information regarding Participating Funds, shareholders can call Invesco Investment Services at (800) 959-4246.
Dividend diversification. A holder of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares or Class Y Shares may elect, by completing the appropriate section of the account application form or by calling (800) 959-4246, to have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into shares of the same class of any of the Participating Funds so long as the investor has a pre-existing account for such class of shares of the other fund. A holder of Class IB or Class IC Shares may elect (or may modify a prior election), by completing the appropriate section of the account application form or by calling (800) 959-4246, to have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into Class A Shares of any of the Participating Funds (other than the Fund) so long as the investor has a pre-existing account for such class of shares of the other fund. A holder of Class IB or Class IC Shares who prior to February 18, 2005 elected to utilize dividend diversification with respect to former Class B Shares (now Class IB Shares) or former Class C Shares (now Class IC Shares) of the Fund will have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into the class of shares of the Participating Fund previously designated by such shareholder, unless such shareholder changes
55
his or her election (the method of which is described above).
Both accounts must be of the same type, either non-retirement or retirement. If the accounts are retirement accounts, they must both hold the same class of Shares and be of the same type of retirement plan (e.g., IRA, 403(b)(7), 401(k), Money Purchase and Profit Sharing plans) and for the benefit of the same individual. If a qualified, pre-existing account does not exist, the shareholder must establish a new account subject to any requirements of the Participating Fund into which distributions will be invested. Distributions are invested into the selected Participating Fund, provided that shares of such Participating Fund are available for sale, at its net asset value per share as of the payable date of the distribution from the Fund.
Rights of Accumulation. Investors may combine new purchases of Class C Shares with other Shares of the Fund currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of an investors current purchase and the value of other Shares of the Fund owned by such investor based on the current public offering price of the Shares. The transfer agent may automatically link certain accounts registered in the same name with the same taxpayer identification number for the purpose of qualifying an investor for lower initial sales charge rates.
Availability of information. Clear and prominent information regarding sales charges of the Fund and the applicability and availability of discounts from sales charges is available free of charge through our web site at www.invesco.com, which provides links to the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information containing the relevant information.
Sales Compensation
Invesco Distributors acts as the principal underwriter of the Funds Shares pursuant to a written agreement (the Distribution and Service Agreement). Invesco Distributors has the
exclusive right to distribute Shares of the Fund through authorized dealers on a continuous basis. Invesco Distributors obligation is an agency or best efforts arrangement under which Invesco Distributors is required to take and pay for only such Shares of the Fund as may be sold to the public. Invesco Distributors is not obligated to sell any stated number of Shares. Invesco Distributors bears the cost of printing (but not typesetting) prospectuses used in connection with this offering and certain other costs, including the cost of supplemental sales literature and advertising. The Distribution and Service Agreement is renewable from year to year if approved (a) (i) by the Funds Board of Trustees or (ii) by a vote of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities and (b) by a vote of a majority of trustees who are not parties to the Distribution and Service Agreement or interested persons of any party, by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Distribution and Service Agreement provides that it will terminate if assigned and that it may be terminated without penalty by either party on 90 days written notice. Total underwriting commissions on the sale of Shares of the Fund for the last three fiscal years are shown in the chart below.
Total Underwriting Commissions |
Amounts Retained by the Funds Distributor |
|||||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 |
$ | 42,803 | $ | 8,851 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 29, 2016 |
$ | 61,510 | $ | 5,382 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2015 |
$ | 160,759 | $ | 15,811 |
56
With respect to sales of Class A Shares of the Fund, the total concessions reallowed to authorized dealers at the time of purchase are as follows:
Size of Investment |
Reallowed to Dealers as a Percentage of Offering Price |
|||
Less than $100,000 | 3.00% | |||
$100,000 but less than $250,000 | 2.50% | |||
$250,000 but less than $500,000 | 1.50% | |||
$500,000 but less than $1,000,000 | 1.25% | |||
$1,000,000 or more | |
| A commission or transaction fee will be paid by Invesco Distributors at the time of purchase directly out of Invesco Distributors assets (and not out of the Funds assets) to authorized dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of $1 million or more computed as a percentage of the dollar value of such Shares sold as follows: 1.00% on sales of $1 million to $2 million, plus 0.75% on the next $1 million, plus 0.50% on the next $2 million, plus 0.25% on the excess over $5 million. On sales of less than $1 million, authorized dealers are eligible to receive the ongoing service fees with respect to such Shares immediately following the purchase. On sales greater than $1 million, authorized dealers become eligible to receive the ongoing service fees with respect to such Shares commencing in the second year following purchase; the proceeds from the distribution and service fees paid by the Fund during the first twelve months are paid to the Funds distributor and are used by the Funds distributor to defray its distribution and service-related expenses. |
With respect to sales of Class B Shares and Class C Shares of the Fund, a commission or transaction fee generally will be paid by Invesco Distributors at the time of purchase directly out of Invesco Distributors assets (and not out of the Funds assets) to authorized dealers who initiate and are responsible for such purchases computed based on a percentage of the dollar value of such Shares sold of 3.00% on Class B Shares and 1.00% on Class C Shares. Proceeds from any early withdrawal charge and any distribution fees on Class B Shares and Class C Shares of the Fund are paid to Invesco Distributors and are used by Invesco Distributors to defray its distribution-related expenses in connection with the sale of the Funds Shares, such as the payment to authorized dealers for selling such Shares. With respect to Class C Shares, the authorized dealers generally receive from Invesco Distributors ongoing distribution fees of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the Funds Class C Shares annually commencing in the second year after purchase.
With respect to Class B Shares and Class C Shares, the authorized dealers are eligible to receive the ongoing service fees with respect to such Shares immediately following the purchase.
With respect to Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, there are no sales charges paid by investors. On February 18, 2005, the Fund redesignated its Class B Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new class of Shares designated Class IB Shares and redesignated its Class C Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new Class of Shares designated Class IC Shares. The Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares have no early withdrawal charges (the early withdrawal schedules applicable to the former Class B Shares and former Class C Shares outstanding on February 18, 2005 have been terminated). Class Y Shares and Class IB Shares are not subject to the Distribution Plan or Service Plan and the Class IC Shares are not subject to the Distribution Plan but are subject to the Service Plan. With respect to Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares that were converted from Class B Shares or Class C Shares, respectively, the former authorized dealer compensation arrangements applicable to such Shares before conversion will continue to apply to such Shares whereby Invesco Distributors pays, out of its funds, as follows:
Class IB Shares (former Class B Shares) Year After Date of Original Purchase |
Class IB Shares (former Class B Shares) Annual Compensation as a Percentage of Value of Shares Outstanding |
|||
First | 0.00% | |||
Second | 0.10% | |||
Third | 0.15% | |||
Fourth | 0.20% | |||
Fifth | 0.25% | |||
Sixth and following | 0.35% |
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Class IC Shares (former Class C Shares) Year After Date of Original Purchase |
Class IC Shares (former Class C Shares) Annual Compensation as a Percentage of Value of Shares Outstanding |
|||
First | 0.00% | |||
Second and following | 0.75% |
In addition to reallowances or commissions described above, Invesco Distributors may from time to time implement programs under which an authorized dealers sales force may be eligible to win nominal awards for certain sales efforts or under which Invesco Distributors will reallow to any authorized dealer that sponsors sales contests or recognition programs conforming to criteria established by Invesco Distributors, or participates in sales programs sponsored by Invesco Distributors, an amount not exceeding the total applicable sales charges on the sales generated by the authorized dealer at the public offering price during such programs. Also, Invesco Distributors in its discretion may from time to time, pursuant to objective criteria established by Invesco Distributors, pay fees to, and sponsor business seminars for, qualifying authorized dealers for certain services or activities which are primarily intended to result in sales of shares of the Fund or other Invesco funds. Fees may include payment for travel expenses, including lodging, incurred in connection with trips taken by invited registered representatives for meetings or seminars of a business nature.
The Adviser and/or Invesco Distributors may pay compensation, out of their own funds and not as an expense of the Fund, to certain unaffiliated brokers, dealers or other financial intermediaries, including recordkeepers and administrators of various deferred compensation plans (Intermediaries) in connection with the sale, distribution, marketing and/or retention of the Funds Shares and/or shareholder servicing. For example, the Adviser or Invesco Distributors may pay additional compensation to Intermediaries for, among others things, promoting the sale and distribution of the Funds Shares, providing access to various programs, mutual fund platforms or
preferred or recommended mutual fund lists offered by the Intermediary, granting Invesco Distributors access to the Intermediarys financial advisors and consultants, providing assistance in the ongoing training and education of the Intermediarys financial personnel, furnishing marketing support, maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, recordkeeping, administrative, shareholder or transaction processing services. Such payments are in addition to any distribution fees, service fees and/or transfer agency fees that may be payable by the Fund. The additional payments may be based on various factors, including level of sales (based on gross or net sales or some specified minimum sales or some other similar criteria related to sales of the Fund and/or some or all other Invesco funds), amount of assets invested by the Intermediarys customers (which could include current or aged assets of the Fund and/or some or all other Invesco funds), the Funds advisory fees, some other agreed upon amount, or other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or Invesco Distributors. The amount of these payments may be different for different Intermediaries.
These payments currently include the following amounts, which are paid in accordance with the applicable compensation structure: (1) on shares held in Intermediary accounts, other than those held through Intermediary 401(k) platforms: (a) an amount up to 0.25% of the value (at the time of sale) of gross sales of such Shares; and/or (b) an ongoing annual fee in an amount up to 0.15% of the total average monthly net asset value of such Shares; and (2) on shares held in accounts through certain Intermediary 401(k) platforms, an ongoing annual fee in an amount up to 0.20% of the total average monthly net asset value of such Shares.
The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of, such compensation, as described above, by Intermediaries may provide Intermediaries, and/or their financial advisors or other salespersons, with an incentive to favor sales of Shares of the Fund over other investment options with respect to which an Intermediary does not receive additional compensation (or receives lower levels of
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additional compensation). These payment arrangements, however, will not change the price that an investor pays for Shares of the Fund or the amount that the Fund receives to invest on behalf of an investor. Investors may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Funds Shares and should review carefully any disclosure provided by an Intermediary as to its compensation.
Indemnification
The Fund has agreed to indemnify Invesco Distributors and hold Invesco Distributors harmless against, or contribute to losses arising out of, certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except for any liability to the Fund or its security holders to which Invesco Distributors would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under its agreement with the Fund.
To provide you with a degree of liquidity, and the ability to receive net asset value on a disposition of your Shares, the Fund, as a matter of fundamental policy, which cannot be changed without shareholder approval, makes monthly offers to repurchase its Shares. In general, the Fund conducts monthly repurchase offers for not less than 5% and up to a maximum of 25% of its outstanding Shares at net asset value. The repurchase offer amount for any monthly period, plus the repurchase offer amounts for the two monthly periods immediately preceding such monthly period, will not exceed 25% of the Funds outstanding Shares. The Fund may repurchase additional Shares only to the extent the percentage of additional Shares so repurchased does not exceed 2% in any three-month period. The Fund may also make a discretionary repurchase offer once every two years but has no current intention to do so. An early withdrawal charge payable to Invesco Distributors will be imposed on most
Class B Shares and Class C Shares accepted for repurchase by the Fund which have been held for less than five years or one year, respectively (and in certain circumstances on Class A Shares accepted for repurchase by the Fund which have been held for less than eighteen months), as described more fully under Purchase of Shares. There are no early withdrawal charges on Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares or Class IC Shares.
The Fund does not presently intend to deduct any repurchase fees, other than any applicable early withdrawal charge, from the repurchase amount. However, in the future, the Board of Trustees may determine to charge a repurchase fee payable to the Fund to compensate it for its reasonable expenses directly related to the repurchase. These fees could be used to compensate the Fund for, among other things, its costs incurred in disposing of portfolio securities or in borrowing in order to make payment for repurchased Shares. Any repurchase fees will never exceed 2% of the proceeds of the repurchase. The Board of Trustees may implement repurchase fees without a shareholder vote.
The repurchase request deadline for monthly repurchase offers will be the third Friday (or the preceding business day if such third Friday is not a business day) of each calendar month.
When a monthly repurchase offer commences, the Fund sends to shareholders a notification of the offer specifying, among other things:
| The Fund is offering to repurchase Shares from shareholders at net asset value. |
| The percentage of Shares that the Fund is offering to repurchase and how the Fund will purchase Shares on a pro rata basis if the offer is oversubscribed. |
| The date on which a shareholders repurchase request is due (the repurchase request deadline). This will be the third Friday (or the preceding business day if such third Friday is not a business day) of each calendar month. |
|
The date that will be used to determine the Funds net asset value applicable to the |
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repurchase offer (the repurchase pricing date). Under normal market circumstances, the Fund expects that the repurchase pricing date will be the repurchase request deadline and pricing will be determined after the close of business on that date. The notice will discuss the risk of fluctuation in net asset value that could occur between the repurchases request deadline and the repurchases pricing date. |
| The date by which the Fund will pay to shareholders the proceeds from their Shares accepted for repurchase (the repurchase payment deadline). This is generally expected to be the third business day after the repurchase pricing date, although payment for Shares may be as many as seven days after the repurchase request deadline; in any event, the Fund will pay such proceeds at least five business days before notification of the next repurchase offer. |
| The net asset value of the Shares of the Fund as of a date no more than seven days prior to the date of the notification and the means by which shareholders may ascertain the net asset value. |
| The procedures by which shareholders may tender their Shares and the right of shareholders to withdraw or modify their tenders prior to the repurchase request deadline. |
| The circumstances in which the Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer. |
| Any fees applicable to the repurchase offer. |
For monthly repurchase offers, the Fund will send this notification not less than seven days nor more than 14 days in advance of the repurchase request deadline. Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares of the Fund must be held through an authorized dealer. Certificated Shares are not available.
The repurchase request deadline is a deadline that will be strictly observed. If your authorized dealer fails to submit your repurchase request in good order by the repurchase request deadline, you will be unable to liquidate your Shares until a subsequent repurchase offer, and you
will have to resubmit your request in the next repurchase offer. You should be sure to advise your authorized dealer of your intentions in a timely manner. You may withdraw or change your repurchase request at any point before the repurchase request deadline.
The Funds fundamental policies with respect to repurchase offers. The Fund has adopted the following fundamental policies in relation to its repurchase offers, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority (defined as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting of shareholders, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy at such meeting, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities) of the Funds outstanding Shares.
| The Fund has a policy of making periodic repurchase offers (Repurchase Offers) for the Funds common shares of beneficial interest, pursuant to Rule 23c-3(b) of the 1940 Act; |
| Repurchase Offers will be made at monthly intervals; |
| The repurchase request deadline will be the third Friday of each calendar month (or the preceding business day if such third Friday is not a business day) (the Request Deadline). |
| The repurchase pricing date for a Repurchase Offer shall occur no later than the fourteenth calendar day after such Repurchase Offers Request Deadline (or the next business day after such fourteenth calendar day if the fourteenth calendar day is not a business day). |
Suspension or postponement of repurchase offer. The Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer in limited circumstances, as more fully described below, but only with the approval of a majority of the Funds Board of Trustees, including a majority of non-interested trustees (such trustees not being interested persons of the Fund as defined by the 1940 Act).
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The Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer only: (1) if making or effecting the repurchase offer would cause the Fund to lose its status as a regulated investment company under the Code; (2) for any period during which the Exchange or any market in which the securities owned by the Fund are principally traded is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or during which trading in such market is restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable, or during which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or (4) for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of shareholders of the Fund.
Oversubscribed repurchase offers. There is no minimum number of Shares that must be tendered before the Fund honors repurchase requests. However, the Funds Board of Trustees for each repurchase offer sets a maximum percentage of Shares that may be purchased by the Fund. In the event a repurchase offer by the Fund is oversubscribed, the Fund may, but is not required to, repurchase additional Shares up to a maximum amount of 2% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund on the repurchase request deadline. If the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase plus 2% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund on the repurchase request deadline, the Fund repurchases the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis. However, the Fund may determine to alter the pro rata allocation procedures in two situations:
(1) | the Fund may accept all Shares tendered by persons who own in the aggregate not more than a specified number of Shares (not to exceed 100 Shares) and who tender all of their Shares before prorating Shares tendered by others; or |
(2) | the Fund may accept by lot Shares tendered by shareholders who tender all Shares held by |
them and who, when tendering, elect to have either all or none, or at least a minimum amount or none, accepted; however, the Fund first must accept all Shares tendered by shareholders who do not make this election. |
If proration is necessary, the number of Shares each investor asked to have repurchased generally is reduced by the same percentage subject to the pro rata allocations described above. If any Shares that you wish to tender to the Fund are not repurchased because of proration, you will have to wait until the next repurchase offer and resubmit your repurchase request, and your repurchase request will not be given any priority over other investors requests. Thus, there is a risk that the Fund may not purchase all of the Shares you wish to have repurchased in a given repurchase offer or in any subsequent repurchase offer. In anticipation of the possibility of proration, some shareholders may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular repurchase offer, thereby increasing the likelihood of proration.
There is no assurance that you will be able to tender as many of your Shares as you desire to sell.
Determination of repurchase price. The repurchase price payable in respect of a tendered Share will be equal to the Shares net asset value as determined after the close of business on the repurchase pricing date. Under normal circumstances, the Fund expects that the repurchase pricing date will be the repurchase request deadline. The Funds net asset value per Share may change materially between the date a repurchase offer is mailed and the repurchase pricing date. The method by which the Fund calculates net asset value is discussed under the caption Net Asset Value in the Statement of Additional Information.
Payment. The Fund generally will repurchase Shares by the third business day after the repurchase pricing date, although payment for shares may be as many as seven days after the repurchase request deadline; in any event, the Fund
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will pay such proceeds at least five business days before notification of the next repurchase offer.
Impact of repurchase policies on the liquidity of the Fund. From the time the Fund distributes each repurchase offer notification until the repurchase pricing date, the Fund must maintain a percentage of liquid assets at least equal to the repurchase offer amount. For this purpose, liquid assets means assets that may be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which they are valued within a period equal to the period between a repurchase request deadline and the repurchase payment deadline or which mature by the repurchase payment deadline. In supervising the Funds operations and portfolio management by the Adviser, the Funds Board of Trustees has adopted written procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the Funds portfolio assets are sufficiently liquid so that the Fund can comply with its fundamental policy on repurchases and with the liquidity requirements noted above. The Board of Trustees will review the overall composition of the Funds portfolio and make and approve such changes to the procedures as the Board of Trustees deems necessary. If, at any time, the Fund falls out of compliance with these liquidity requirements, the Board of Trustees will cause the Fund to take whatever action it deems appropriate to ensure compliance. The Fund is also permitted to seek financing to meet repurchase requests.
Consequences of repurchase offers. The Fund believes that repurchase offers generally will be beneficial to the Funds shareholders, and generally will be funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, the acquisition of Shares by the Fund will decrease the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing the Funds expenses and reducing any net investment income. The Fund intends to continually offer its Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, which may alleviate potential
adverse consequences of repurchase offers, but there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to sell additional Shares.
Repurchase of the Funds Shares through repurchase offers will reduce the number of outstanding Shares and, depending upon the Funds investment performance and its ability to sell additional Shares, its net assets.
In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund will be a taxable event to shareholders. For a discussion of these tax consequences, see Federal Income Taxation.
Costs associated with the repurchase offer will be charged as an expense to the Fund. See the Statement of Additional Information for additional information concerning repurchase of Shares.
Early Withdrawal Charges. As described under the Prospectus heading Purchase of Shares, repurchases of Class B Shares and Class C Shares may be subject to an early withdrawal charge. In addition, certain repurchases of Class A Shares for shareholder accounts of $1 million or more may be subject to an early withdrawal charge. Class Y Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares have no early withdrawal charges.
Shares acquired in connection with the reorganization of the Invesco Prime Income Trust into the Invesco Senior Loan Fund on September 26, 2011 will remain subject to the same early withdrawal schedule. Shareholders will receive credit for the length of time that they held shares of the Invesco Prime Income Fund in the calculation of such early withdrawal charge. An early withdrawal charge is imposed on repurchases of Class IB shares of the Invesco Senior Loan Fund received in connection with the Reorganization at the following rates:
Year After Purchase - Early Withdrawal Charge
Year 1 - 3.00%
Year 2 - 2.50%
Year 3 - 2.00%
Year 4 - 1.00%
Year 5 and thereafter - None
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Repurchases completed through an authorized dealer, custodian, trustee or record keeper of a retirement plan account may involve additional fees charged by such person.
The early withdrawal charge will be paid to Invesco Distributors. For the fiscal years ended February 28, 2015, February 29, 2016 and February 28, 2017, the Funds distributor received payments totaling $77,168, $62,409 and $3,104, respectively, pursuant to the early withdrawal charge. In determining whether an early withdrawal charge is payable, it is assumed that the acceptance of a repurchase offer would be made from the earliest purchase of Shares.
Dividends. Interest from investments is the Funds main source of net investment income. The Funds present policy, which may be changed at any time by the Funds Board of Trustees, is to declare daily and distribute monthly all, or substantially all, of its net investment income as dividends to shareholders. Dividends with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares are automatically applied to purchase additional Shares of the Fund at the next determined net asset value unless the shareholder instructs otherwise. With respect to Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of dividends will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instruction.
The per Share dividends may differ by class of shares as a result of the differing distribution fees, service fees and transfer agency costs applicable to such classes of Shares.
Capital gain distributions. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses when it sells securities, depending on whether the sales prices for the securities are higher or lower than purchase prices. The Fund distributes any net capital gains to shareholders as capital gain distributions at least
annually. As in the case of dividends, with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund at the next determined net asset value unless the shareholder instructs otherwise. With respect to Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of capital gain distributions will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instruction.
Listed below are some of the shareholder services the Fund offers to investors. For a more complete description of the Funds shareholder services, such as the reinvestment plan, retirement plans and dividend diversification, please refer to the Statement of Additional Information or contact your authorized dealer.
Unless otherwise provided, the following are certain defined terms used throughout this prospectus:
| Employer Sponsored Retirement and Benefit Plans include (i) employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plans that qualify under section 401(a) of the Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans; (ii) 403(b) and non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate similar to plans described under (i) above, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements; (iii) health savings accounts maintained pursuant to Section 223 of the Code; and (iv) voluntary employees beneficiary arrangements maintained pursuant to Section 501(c)(9) of the Code. |
| Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) include Traditional and Roth IRAs. |
|
Employer Sponsored IRAs include Simplified Employee Pension (SEP), Salary Reduction Simplified Employee Pension (SAR-SEP), and |
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Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees of Small Employers (SIMPLE) IRAs. |
| Retirement and Benefit Plans include Employer Sponsored Retirement and Benefit Plans, IRAs and Employer Sponsored IRAs. |
Internet transactions. In addition to performing transactions on your account through written instruction or by telephone, you may also perform certain transactions through the internet (restrictions apply to certain account and transaction types). Please refer to our web site at www.invesco.com/us for further instructions regarding internet transactions. Invesco and its subsidiaries, including Invesco Investment Services, and the Fund employ procedures considered by them to be reasonable to confirm that instructions communicated through the internet are genuine. Such procedures include requiring use of a personal identification number prior to acting upon internet instructions and providing written confirmation of instructions communicated through the internet. If reasonable procedures are employed, none of Invesco, Invesco Investment Services or the Fund will be liable for following instructions received through the internet which it reasonably believes to be genuine. If an account has multiple owners, Invesco Investment Services may rely on the instructions of any one owner.
Reinvestment plan. A convenient way for investors to accumulate additional Shares is by accepting dividends and distributions in Shares of the Fund. Such Shares are acquired at net asset value per Share (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or distribution. Unless the shareholder instructs otherwise, with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, the reinvestment plan is automatic. This instruction may be made by visiting our web site at www.invesco.com/us, by writing to Invesco Investment Services or by telephone by calling (800) 959-4246. With respect to Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of dividends and
distributions will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instruction. The investor may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration, instruct that dividends and/or distributions be paid in cash, be reinvested in the Fund at the next determined net asset value or be reinvested in another Participating Fund at the next determined net asset value. See Shareholder Services Reinvestment Plan in the Funds Statement of Additional Information for additional information.
Automatic investment plan. An automatic investment plan is available under which a shareholder can authorize Invesco Investment Services to debit the shareholders bank account on a regular basis to invest predetermined amounts in Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares of the Fund. The automatic investment plan is not available for new investments in Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares. Additional information is available from Invesco Distributors or your authorized dealer.
Exchange privilege. Tendering shareholders may elect to receive, in lieu of cash, the proceeds from the tender and repurchase of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares of the Fund in the same class of shares of any Participating Fund, subject to certain limitations. Tendering shareholders may elect to receive, in lieu of cash, the proceeds from the tender and repurchase of Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares of the Fund in Class A Shares of any Participating Fund (other than the Fund), subject to certain limitations. The exchange takes place without any sales charge or early withdrawal charge, at the net asset value per share of each fund determined on the Funds next repurchase pricing date, after the Fund makes a repurchase pursuant to a repurchase offer. The early withdrawal charge will be waived for Shares tendered in exchange for shares in the Participating Funds; however, such shares immediately become subject to a contingent deferred sales charge schedule equivalent to the early withdrawal charge schedule on Shares of the Fund. Thus, shares of such Participating Funds may be subject to a contingent deferred sales
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charge upon a subsequent redemption from the Participating Funds. The purchase of shares of such Participating Funds will be deemed to have occurred at the time of the initial purchase of the Shares of the Fund for calculating the applicable contingent deferred sales charge.
Shares of Participating Funds generally may be exchanged for Shares of the same class of the Fund (except that some holders of Class I Shares of certain Participating Funds may be eligible to exchange Class I Shares of such Participating Fund for Class A Shares of the Fund) based on the next determined net asset value per share of each fund after requesting the exchange without any sales charge, subject to minimum purchase requirements and certain limitations. Shareholders of Participating Funds seeking to exchange their shares for Shares of the Fund are subject to the exchange policies of such Participating Fund, including an exchange fee, if any, assessed by such Participating Fund.
Shareholders seeking an exchange amongst Participating Funds should obtain and read the current prospectus for such fund prior to implementing an exchange. A prospectus of any of the Participating Funds may be obtained from an authorized dealer or Invesco Distributors or by visiting our web site at www.invesco.com/us.
Investors should note exchanges out of the Fund can only occur in connection with a repurchase offer which occurs monthly. See Repurchase of Shares. Exchanges can occur into the Fund on any day the Fund is offering its Shares, which is generally every business day. Shares of the Fund may be exchanged for shares of any Participating Fund only if shares of that Participating Fund are available for sale. Exchanging shares of other Participating Funds for Shares of the Fund involves certain risks, including the risk that the Funds Shares are illiquid. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund generally and Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund No Trading Market for Shares.
When shares that are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge or early withdrawal charge are exchanged among Participating Funds, the holding
period for purposes of computing the contingent deferred sales charge or early withdrawal charge is based upon the date of the initial purchase of such shares from a Participating Fund. When such shares are redeemed or tendered for repurchase and not exchanged for shares of another Participating Fund, the shares are subject to the contingent deferred sales charge or early withdrawal charge schedule imposed by the Participating Fund from which such shares were originally purchased.
Exchanges of Shares are sales of shares of one Participating Fund and purchases of shares of another Participating Fund. The sale may result in a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. If the shares sold have been held for less than 91 days, the sales charge paid on such shares will be carried over and included in the tax basis of the shares acquired.
A shareholder wishing to make an exchange into the Fund from another Participating Fund may do so by sending a written request to Invesco Investment Services, by calling (800) 959-4246, or by visiting our web site at www.invesco.com/us. A shareholder automatically has these exchange privileges unless the shareholder indicates otherwise by checking the applicable box on the account application form. A shareholder wishing to make an exchange out of the Fund into another Participating Fund may do so by properly completing the repurchase offer materials at the time of the Funds next repurchase offer. In the case of telephone transactions, Invesco and its subsidiaries, including Invesco Investment Services, and the Fund employ procedures considered by them to be reasonable to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Such procedures include requiring certain personal identification information prior to acting upon telephone instructions, tape-recording telephone communications, and providing written confirmation of instructions communicated by telephone. If reasonable procedures are employed, none of Invesco, Invesco Investment Services or the Fund will be liable for following telephone instructions which it reasonably believes to be genuine. If the exchanging shareholder does not
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have an account in the fund whose shares are being acquired, a new account will be established with the same registration, dividend and distribution options (except dividend diversification) and authorized dealer of record as the account from which shares are exchanged, unless otherwise specified by the shareholder. In order to reinvest dividends from the new account into another fund (if such service is available), an exchanging shareholder must submit a specific request.
The Fund and Invesco Distributors reserve the right to reject or limit any order to purchase Fund Shares through exchange or otherwise and to close any shareholder account when they believe it is in the best interests of the Fund. Certain patterns of past exchanges and/or purchase or sale transactions involving the Fund or other Participating Funds may result in the Fund rejecting or limiting, in the Funds or Invesco Distributors discretion, additional purchases and/or exchanges. Determinations in this regard may be made based on the frequency or dollar amount of the previous exchanges or purchase or sale transactions. The Fund may modify, restrict or terminate the exchange privilege at any time. Shareholders will receive 60 days notice of any termination or material amendment to this exchange privilege.
For purposes of determining the sales charge rate previously paid on Class A Shares, all sales charges paid on the exchanged shares and on any shares previously exchanged for such shares or for any of their predecessors shall be included. If the exchanged shares were acquired through reinvestment, those shares are deemed to have been sold with a sales charge rate equal to the rate previously paid on the shares on which the dividend or distribution was paid. If a shareholder exchanges less than all of such shareholders shares, the shares upon which the highest sales charge rate was previously paid are deemed exchanged first.
Exchange requests into the Fund from other Participating Funds received on a business day prior to the time shares of the funds involved in the request are priced will be processed on the date of receipt. Exchange requests out of the Fund into
other Participating Funds are processed after the Fund makes a repurchase pursuant to a repurchase offer. Processing a request means that shares of the fund which the shareholder is tendering for repurchase or redeeming will be repurchased or redeemed at the net asset value per share determined on the Funds next repurchase pricing date in the following repurchase offer, in the case of exchanges out of the Fund, or on the date of receipt, in the case of exchanges out of other Participating Funds. Shares of the fund that the shareholder is purchasing will also normally be purchased at the net asset value per share, plus any applicable sales charge, next determined on the date of receipt. Exchange requests received on a business day after the time that shares of the funds involved in the request are priced will be processed on the next business day, in the case of exchanges into the Fund, or after the Fund makes a repurchase pursuant to a repurchase offer, in the case of exchanges out of the Fund, in the manner described herein.
As described under Purchase of Shares Class A Shares, there is no sales charge payable on Class A Shares at the time of purchase on investments of $1 million or more, but an early withdrawal charge (EWC-Class A) may be imposed on certain repurchases made within eighteen months of purchase. For purposes of the EWC-Class A and the contingent deferred sales charge on certain redemptions of Class A Shares of other Participating Funds (CDSC-Class A), when shares of a Participating Fund are exchanged for shares of another Participating Fund, the purchase date for the shares acquired by exchange will be assumed to be the date on which shares were purchased in the fund from which the exchange was made. If the exchanged shares themselves are acquired through an exchange, the purchase date is assumed to carry over from the date of the original election to purchase shares subject to a CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A rather than a front-end load sales charge. In determining whether a CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A is payable, it is assumed that shares being redeemed or repurchased first are any shares in the shareholders account not subject to a CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A, followed by
66
shares held the longest in the shareholders account. The CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed or repurchased. Accordingly, no CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A is imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. In addition, no CDSC-Class A or EWC-Class A is assessed on shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or distributions.
Retirement plans. Eligible investors may establish IRAs; SEPs; 401(k) plans; 403(b)(7) plans in the case of employees of public school systems and certain non-profit organizations; or other pension or profit sharing plans. Documents and forms containing detailed information regarding these plans are available from Invesco Distributors.
The illiquid nature of the Shares may affect the nature of distributions from tax-sheltered retirement plans and may affect the ability of participants in such plans to rollover assets to other tax-sheltered retirement plans.
The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 14, 1989 and was redomesticated as a Delaware statutory trust on October 15, 2012. The Fund is governed by an Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 15, 2012, as amended to the date hereof (the Declaration of Trust).
The Declaration of Trust permits the Fund to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional common shares of beneficial interest. The Declaration of Trust provides that the trustees of the Fund may authorize separate classes of Shares. Each Share represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets of the Fund with each other Share in the Fund.
The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder of the Fund shall be personally liable for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for, or otherwise existing
with respect to, the Fund. Neither the Fund nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee, or agent of the Fund shall have any power to bind personally any shareholder or to call upon any shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than (i) such as the shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay by way of subscription for any Shares or otherwise, or (ii) any indemnification payment owed to the Fund by the shareholder pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. The shareholders shall be entitled, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to the same limitation of personal liability as is extended under the Delaware General Corporation Law to stockholders of private corporations for profit.
The Fund currently continuously offers three classes of Shares, designated as Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares. The Fund also has Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, which are not continuously offered. The only new Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares to be issued are those Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares issued to satisfy dividend and capital gain reinvestments. Class B Shares of the Fund may also be issued in connection with an exchange from Class B Shares of other Invesco funds. Other classes may be established from time to time in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust. Each class of Shares of the Fund generally is identical in all respects except that each class of Shares may be subject to its own sales charge or early withdrawal charge schedule and its own distribution and service expenses. Each class of Shares also has exclusive voting rights with respect to its distribution and service fees, if any.
Shareholders will be entitled to the payment of dividends and other distributions when, as and if declared by the Board of Trustees. The Declaration of Trust also authorizes the Fund to borrow money and in this connection issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness. The terms of any borrowings may limit the payment of dividends to shareholders.
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The Fund does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders. At meetings, Shares of the Fund entitle their holders to one vote per Share; however, separate votes are taken by each class of Shares on matters affecting an individual class of Shares.
In the event of liquidation of the Fund, the Fund will pay or make reasonable provision to pay all claims and obligations of the Fund, including all contingent, conditional or unmatured claims and obligations known to the Fund, and all claims and obligations which are known to the Fund, but for which the identity of the claimant is unknown, and claims and obligations that have not been made known to the Fund or that have not arisen but that, based on the facts known to the Fund, are likely to arise or to become known to the Fund within 10 years after the date of dissolution of the Fund. Any remaining assets held with respect to the Fund shall be distributed to the shareholders.
Pursuant to the Funds Bylaws, except as otherwise required by applicable law, the Fund will not issue share certificates and no shareholder shall have the right to demand or require that a certificate be
issued. The Shares are not, and are not expected to be, listed for trading on any national securities exchange nor, to the Funds knowledge, is there, or is there expected to be, any secondary trading market in the Shares. Shares of the Fund issued before June 13, 2003 were redesignated as Class B Shares. Class C Shares of the Fund were not issued prior to June 13, 2003. On February 18, 2005, the Fund redesignated its Class B Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new class of Shares designated Class IB Shares and redesignated its Class C Shares issued before February 18, 2005 as a new Class of Shares designated Class IC Shares. On February 18, 2005, the Fund commenced offering new Class A Shares, new Class B Shares and new Class C Shares (the new Class B Shares and new Class C Shares have different fees, expenses and other characteristics than the Class B Shares and Class C Shares issued prior to February 18, 2005, which Shares are now redesignated as Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, respectively). Effective November 30, 2010, Class B Shares of the Fund are not continuously offered. On November 8, 2013, the Fund commenced offering Class Y Shares.
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The following table sets forth, for the quarterly periods ending on the dates set forth below, the high and low net asset value per Share for each class of Shares during such period:
Quarterly Period Ending |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class Y | Class IB | Class IC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2017 |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 6.62 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2016 |
$ | 6.61 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.62 | $ | 6.46 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.46 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.61 | $ | 6.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2016 |
$ | 6.45 | $ | 6.25 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.25 | $ | 6.46 | $ | 6.26 | $ | 6.46 | $ | 6.25 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.25 | $ | 6.45 | $ | 6.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2016 |
$ | 6.29 | $ | 6.03 | $ | 6.29 | $ | 6.03 | $ | 6.31 | $ | 6.04 | $ | 6.30 | $ | 6.03 | $ | 6.30 | $ | 6.03 | $ | 6.30 | $ | 6.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2016 |
$ | 6.07 | $ | 5.76 | $ | 6.07 | $ | 5.76 | $ | 6.08 | $ | 5.77 | $ | 6.07 | $ | 5.77 | $ | 6.08 | $ | 5.77 | $ | 6.07 | $ | 5.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2015 |
$ | 6.38 | $ | 6.06 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.06 | $ | 6.39 | $ | 6.07 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.06 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.06 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2015 |
$ | 6.70 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.38 | $ | 6.71 | $ | 6.39 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.39 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.39 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2015 |
$ | 6.79 | $ | 6.69 | $ | 6.79 | $ | 6.69 | $ | 6.80 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.80 | $ | 6.69 | $ | 6.80 | $ | 6.70 | $ | 6.80 | $ | 6.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2015 |
$ | 6.78 | $ | 6.67 | $ | 6.78 | $ | 6.67 | $ | 6.79 | $ | 6.68 | $ | 6.79 | $ | 6.68 | $ | 6.79 | $ | 6.68 | $ | 6.79 | $ | 6.68 |
As of June 6, 2017, the net asset value per Class A Share was $6.66, the net asset value per Class B Share was $6.66, the net asset value per Class C Share was $6.67, the net asset value per Class Y Share was $6.66, the net asset value per Class IB Share was $6.66 and the net asset value per Class IC Share was $6.66.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the Shares as of February 28, 2017:
(1) Title of Class |
(2) Amount Authorized |
(3) Amount Held by Fund for its Own Account |
(4) Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Shown Under (3) |
|||
Class A Shares | unlimited | 0 | 18,197,948 | |||
Class B Shares | unlimited | 0 | 244,260 | |||
Class C Shares | unlimited | 0 | 17,575,436 | |||
Class Y Shares | unlimited | 0 | 304,723 | |||
Class IB Shares | unlimited | 0 | 82,700,849 | |||
Class IC Shares | unlimited | 0 | 6,977,646 |
Anti-Takeover Provisions in the Declaration of Trust
The Funds Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board of Trustees by discouraging a third
party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund. In addition, in the event a secondary market were to develop in the Shares, such provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their Shares at a premium over prevailing market prices.
Certain transactions between the Fund and Principal Shareholders (as defined below) of the Fund require approval of the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, unless such transaction has been previously approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2 ⁄ 3 %) of the Board of Trustees, in which case the affirmative vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund with each class of Shares voting, which requires the affirmative vote of the lesser of 50% of the outstanding Shares or 67% of the Shares present in person or by proxy, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding shares are present. For purposes of these provisions, a Principal Shareholder of the Fund is defined as any person or group (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), that is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the Shares of the Fund and shall include any affiliate or associate of a Principal Shareholder, but shall not include the
69
investment adviser of the Fund or any affiliated person of the investment adviser of the Fund. The transactions subject to these voting requirements are: (i) the issuance of any securities of the Fund or any of its subsidiaries to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan), (ii) the sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Fund or any of its subsidiaries to any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Fund or any of its subsidiaries, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period), or (iii) the sale, lease, or exchange to the Fund or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the Fund or any of its subsidiaries, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Fund or any of its subsidiaries, aggregating for the purpose of such computation, all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period).
A trustee may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, by written instrument signed by at least 75% of the number of Trustees prior to such removal, specifying the date when such removal shall become effective.
The Fund may merge or consolidate with any other entity or may sell, convey or transfer all or substantially all of the Funds assets upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, unless such transaction has been previously approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2 ⁄ 3 %) of the Board of Trustees, in which case the affirmative vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, which requires the affirmative vote of the lesser of 50% of the outstanding Shares or 67% of the Shares present in
person or by proxy, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding shares are present.
The Fund may be dissolved only upon approval by the Board of Trustees followed by a vote of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, provided that if the affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Board of Trustees approves the dissolution, no vote of shareholders shall be required to dissolve the Trust.
The Fund may be converted from a closed-end company to an open-end company only upon approval by the Board of Trustees followed by a vote of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, provided that if the affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Board of Trustees approves the dissolution, no vote of shareholders shall be required to dissolve the Trust.
The above described provisions in the Declaration of Trust regarding Principal Shareholders, dissolution, conversion and mergers, consolidations and sales of assets cannot be amended without the approval by the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote, unless such transaction has been previously approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2 ⁄ 3 %) of the Board of Trustees, in which case the affirmative vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, which requires the affirmative vote of the lesser of 50% of the outstanding Shares or 67% of the Shares present in person or by proxy, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding shares are present.
Upon the occurrence of any event requiring the Fund to hold annual meeting of the Funds shareholders at which trustees of the Fund are to be elected, the Board of Trustees will be divided into three classes, with the terms of one class expiring at each annual meeting of shareholders. At each annual meeting, one class of trustees would be elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees.
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The Board of Trustees has determined that the voting requirements described above, which are greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, are in the best interests of shareholders generally. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. If the Fund so qualifies and distributes each year to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally including ordinary income and net short-term capital gain, but not net capital gain, which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and meets certain other requirements, it will not be required to pay federal income taxes on any income distributed to shareholders. The Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on any net capital gain distributed to shareholders. If the Fund distributes less than an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income and 98.2% of its capital gain net income, plus any amounts that were not distributed in previous taxable years, then the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts.
If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, it would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on its taxable income (even if such income were distributed to its shareholders) and all distributions out of earnings and profits would generally be taxed to certain noncorporate U.S. shareholders (including individuals) as qualified dividend income eligible for reduced maximum tax rates.
Distributions of the Funds investment company taxable income are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Funds earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Distributions of the
Funds net capital gain designated as capital gain dividends, if any, are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time Shares have been held by such shareholders, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. The Fund expects that its distributions will consist primarily of ordinary income. Distributions in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a shareholders Shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to such shareholder (assuming such Shares are held as a capital asset).
Although distributions generally are treated as taxable in the year they are paid, distributions declared in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such month and paid during January of the following year will be treated as having been distributed by the Fund and received by shareholders on the December 31st prior to the date of payment. The Fund will inform shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year. Because the Fund intends to invest primarily in Senior Loans and other senior debt securities, Fund distributions generally will not qualify for the corporate dividends received deduction.
Current law provides for reduced federal income tax rates on (i) long-term capital gains received by individuals and certain other non-corporate taxpayers and (ii) qualified dividend income received by individuals and certain other non-corporate taxpayers from certain domestic and foreign corporations. Fund shareholders, as well as the Fund itself, must also satisfy certain holding period and other requirements in order for such reduced rates for qualified dividend income to apply. Because the Fund intends to invest primarily in Senior Loans and other senior debt securities, ordinary income dividends paid by the Fund generally will not be eligible for the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividend income. To the extent that distributions from the Fund are designated as capital gain dividends, such
71
distributions will be eligible for the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gains.
The use of derivatives by the Fund may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of ordinary income or short-term capital gain, distributions from which are taxable to individual shareholders at ordinary income tax rates rather than at the more favorable tax rates for long-term capital gain.
Foreign shareholders, including shareholders who are non-resident aliens, may be subject to U.S. withholding tax on certain distributions (whether received in cash or in shares) at a rate of 30% or such lower rate as prescribed by an applicable treaty.
Foreign shareholders must provide documentation to the Fund certifying their non-United States status. Prospective foreign investors should consult their advisers concerning the tax consequences to them of an investment in Shares of the Fund.
The sale or exchange of Shares in connection with a repurchase of Shares, as well as certain other transfers, will be a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes. Except as discussed below, selling shareholders will generally recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between their adjusted tax basis in the Shares sold and the amount received. If the Shares are held as a capital asset, the gain or loss will be a capital gain or loss.
Any loss recognized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received with respect to such Shares. For purposes of determining whether Shares have been held for six months or less, the holding period is suspended for any periods during which the shareholders risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more other positions in substantially similar or related property or through certain options or short sales.
Fund distributions and gains from sale or exchange of Fund Shares generally are subject to state and local income taxes.
Gross proceeds and, for Shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 and disposed of after that date, cost
basis will be reported to shareholders and the Internal Revenue Service. Cost basis will be calculated using the Funds default method, unless the shareholder instructs the Fund to use a different calculation method. If a shareholder holds their Fund shares through a broker (or other nominee), the shareholder should contact that broker (nominee) with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their account.
It is possible, although the Fund believes it is unlikely, that, in connection with a repurchase offer, distributions to tendering shareholders may be subject to tax as ordinary income (rather than as gain or loss).
Backup withholding rules require the Fund, in certain circumstances, to withhold federal income tax from dividends and certain other payments, including repurchase proceeds, paid to shareholders who do not furnish to the Fund their correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of individuals, their social security number) and make certain required certifications (including certifications as to foreign status, if applicable), or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), the Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on the following payments or distributions made by the Fund to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts: (a) income dividends and (b) after December 31, 2018, certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the Internal Revenue Service, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA or similar laws. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of the Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.
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The federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Shareholders and prospective investors should consult their own advisers regarding the specific federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of Shares of the Fund, as well as the effects of state, local and foreign tax laws and any proposed tax law changes. For more information, see the Taxation section in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Custodian, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, is the custodian of the Fund and has custody of the securities and cash of the Fund. The custodian, among other things, attends to the collection of principal and income and payment for and collection of proceeds of securities bought and sold by the Fund. State Street Bank and Trust Company also will perform certain accounting services for the Fund pursuant to the fund accounting agreement between it and the Fund. Invesco Investment Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219078, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9078 is the dividend disbursing agent and transfer agent of the Fund. The transfer agency fees are determined through negotiations with the Fund and are approved by the Funds Board of Trustees. The transfer agency fees are based on competitive benchmarks.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The financial statements for the period ended February 28, 2017, incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information, have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report also incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement that the Fund has filed with the SEC. The complete registration statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations.
Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
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for the Statement of
Additional Information
Page | ||||
General Information | B-1 | |||
Investment Objective, Investment Strategies and Risks | B-1 | |||
Investment Restrictions | B-1 | |||
Trustees and Officers | B-3 | |||
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities | B-24 | |||
Investment Advisory and Other Services | B-26 | |||
Fund Management | B-27 | |||
Distribution and Service | B-29 | |||
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Allocation | B-31 | |||
Shareholder Services | B-32 | |||
Net Asset Value | B-34 | |||
Early Withdrawal Charge Class A | B-34 | |||
Waiver of Early Withdrawal Charges | B-34 | |||
Taxation | B-35 | |||
Other Information | B-40 | |||
Financial Statements | B-40 | |||
Appendix A Ratings of Debt Securities | A-1 | |||
Appendix B Proxy Voting Policies | BB-1 |
74
Obtaining Additional Information
More information may be obtained free of charge upon request. The SAI, a current version of which is on file with the SEC, contains more details about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus (is legally a part of this prospectus). Annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information about the Funds investments. The Funds annual report also discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year. The Fund also files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the 1st and 3rd quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q.
If you have questions about an Invesco Fund or your account, or you wish to obtain a free copy of the Funds current SAI, annual or semi-annual reports or Form N-Q, please contact us.
By Mail: |
Invesco Investment Services, Inc.
Kansas City, MO 64121-9078 |
|
By Telephone: | (800) 959-4246 | |
On the Internet: | You can send us a request by e-mail or download prospectuses, SAIs, annual or semi-annual reports via our Web site: www.invesco.com/us |
You can also review and obtain copies of each Funds SAI, annual or semi-annual reports, Forms N-Q and other information at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, DC; on the EDGAR database on the SECs Web site (http://www.sec.gov); or, after paying a duplicating fee, by sending a letter to the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520 or by sending an electronic mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov. Please call the SEC at 1-202-551-8090 for information about the Public Reference Room.
|
Statement of Additional Information
Invesco Senior Loan Fund |
June 27, 2017 |
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) relates to the portfolio (the Fund) listed below. This SAI does not include all the information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Class A, Class C or Class Y Shares (collectively with the Funds Class B Shares, Class IB Shares and Class IC Shares, which are not continuously offered, the Shares) of the Fund. This SAI is not a Prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Fund dated June 27, 2017. Portions of the Funds financial statements are incorporated into this SAI by reference to such Funds most recent Annual Report to shareholders. You may obtain, without charge, a copy of any Prospectus and/or Annual Report for the Fund from an authorized dealer or by writing to:
Invesco Distributors Inc.
11 Greenway Plaza
Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77046-1173
or by calling (800) 959-4246
or on the Internet: www.invesco.com/us
Class: |
A | B | C | Y | IB | IC | ||||||
Invesco Senior Loan Fund |
VSLAX | VSLBX | VSLCX | VSLYX | XPRTX | XSLCX |
VK-SLO-SOAI-1
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Page | ||||
B-1 | ||||
B-1 | ||||
B-1 | ||||
B-3 | ||||
B-24 | ||||
B-25 | ||||
B-27 | ||||
B-29 | ||||
B-31 | ||||
B-32 | ||||
B-34 | ||||
B-34 | ||||
B-34 | ||||
B-35 | ||||
B-40 | ||||
B-40 | ||||
A-1 | ||||
BB-1 |
The Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as a closed-end management investment company, and is diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act. It was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on July 14, 1989, and was redomesticated as a Delaware Statutory Trust on October 15, 2012. Prior to December 2012, the Funds name was Invesco Van Kampen Senior Loan Fund. Prior to June 2010, the Funds name was Van Kampen Senior Loan Fund.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. The Fund invests primarily in adjustable rate senior loans (Senior Loans). Although the Funds net asset value will vary, the Funds policy of acquiring interests in floating or variable rate Senior Loans should minimize the fluctuations in the Funds net asset value as a result of changes in interest rates. The Funds net asset value may be affected by changes in borrower credit quality and other factors with respect to Senior Loan interests in which the Fund invests. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors and is not intended to be a complete investment program. No assurance can be given that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. For further discussion of the characteristics of Senior Loan interests and associated special risk considerations, see Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund and Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund in the Prospectus.
Temporary Defensive Strategies
When market conditions dictate a more defensive investment strategy as described in the Funds prospectus, the Fund may deviate temporarily from fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies without a shareholder vote or without prior contemporaneous notification to shareholders during exigent situations.
The Funds investment objective and the following investment restrictions are fundamental and cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority (defined as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting of shareholders, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy at such meeting, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities) of the Funds outstanding Shares. All other investment policies or practices are considered by the Fund not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. The percentage limitations contained in the restrictions and policies set forth herein apply at the time of purchase of securities. With respect to the limitations on the issuance of senior securities, the percentage limitations apply at the time of purchase and on an ongoing basis. In accordance with the foregoing, the Fund may not:
1. | Purchase any securities (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States Government or by its agencies or instrumentalities), if as a result more than 5% of the Funds total assets would then be invested in securities of a single issuer or if as a result the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer; provided that, with respect to 50% of the Funds assets, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in the securities of any one issuer. For purposes of this restriction, the term issuer includes both the Borrower under a Loan Agreement and the Lender selling a Participation to the Fund together with any other persons interpositioned between such Lender and the Fund with respect to a Participation. |
2. | Purchase any security if, as a result of such purchase, more than 25% of the Funds total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of Borrowers and other issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry (the electric, gas, water and telephone utility industries, commercial banks, thrift institutions and finance companies being treated as separate industries for purposes of this restriction); provided, that this limitation shall not apply with respect to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by its agencies or instrumentalities. |
3. | Issue senior securities nor borrow money, except that the Fund may issue senior securities or borrow money to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, (ii) the rules or regulations promulgated by the Commission under the 1940 Act, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act. |
4. | Make loans of money or property to any person, except for obtaining interests in Senior Loans in accordance with its investment objective, through loans of portfolio securities or the acquisition of securities subject to repurchase agreements. |
B-1
5. | Buy any security on margin. Neither the deposit of initial or variation margin in connection with hedging transactions nor short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of such transactions is considered the purchase of a security on margin. |
6. | Sell any security short, write, purchase or sell puts, calls or combinations thereof, or purchase or sell financial futures or options, except to the extent that the hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage would be deemed to be any of the foregoing transactions. |
7. | Act as an underwriter of securities, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of or granting of interests in Senior Loans or other securities acquired by the Fund. |
8. | Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or participation in management, except to the extent that exercise by the Fund of its rights under Loan Agreements would be deemed to constitute such control or participation. |
9. | Invest in securities of other investment companies, except as part of a merger, consolidation or other acquisitions. The Fund will rely on representations of Borrowers in Loan Agreements in determining whether such Borrowers are investment companies. |
10. | Buy or sell oil, gas or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts except pursuant to the exercise by the Fund of its rights under Loan Agreements. In addition, the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which deal in, represent interests in or are secured by interests in such leases, rights or contracts. |
11. | Purchase or sell real estate, commodities or commodities contracts except pursuant to the exercise by the Fund of its rights under Loan Agreements, except to the extent the interests in Senior Loans the Fund may invest in are considered to be interests in real estate, commodities or commodities contracts and except to the extent that hedging instruments the Fund may invest in are considered to be commodities or commodities contracts. |
12. | Notwithstanding the investment policies and restrictions of the Fund, upon approval of the Board of Trustees, the Fund may invest all or part of its investable assets in a management investment company with substantially the same investment objective, policies and restrictions as the Fund. |
The latter part of one of the Funds fundamental investment restrictions (i.e., the reference to to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission under the 1940 Act, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act) provides the Fund with flexibility to change its limitations in connection with changes in applicable law, rules, regulations or exemptive relief. The language used in the restriction provides the necessary flexibility to allow the Funds Board to respond efficiently to these kinds of developments without the delay and expense of a shareholder meeting.
Non-Fundamental Policies
For purposes of investment restriction number 2, the Fund has adopted supplementally a more restrictive non-fundamental investment policy that in effect changes the phrase more than 25% to 25% or more. For purposes of investment restriction number 2 and the supplement just described, the Fund will consider all relevant factors in determining whether to treat the Lender selling a Participation and any persons interpositioned between such Lender and the Fund as an issuer, including: the terms of the Loan Agreement and other relevant agreements (including inter-creditor agreements and any agreements between such person and the Funds custodian); the credit quality of such Lender or interpositioned person; general economic conditions applicable to such Lender or interpositioned person; and other factors relating to the degree of credit risk, if any, of such Lender or interpositioned person incurred by the Fund. With respect to the fundamental investment restriction number 4 regarding the loan of portfolio securities, although the Fund is permitted under such restriction to make loans of its portfolio securities, the Fund does not currently have an intention to do so. The Fund intends to reserve against such contingent obligations by segregating cash, liquid securities and liquid Senior Loans as a reserve.
The Fund has adopted additional fundamental policies in relation to its repurchase offers, which similarly cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding Shares. A description of these policies is provided in the Funds Prospectus under the heading Repurchase of Shares.
The Fund generally will not engage in the trading of securities for the purpose of realizing short-term profits, but it will adjust its portfolio as it deems advisable in view of prevailing or anticipated market conditions to accomplish the Funds investment objective. For example, the Fund may sell portfolio securities in anticipation of a movement in interest rates. Frequency of portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor if the Fund considers it advantageous to purchase or sell securities. The Fund anticipates that the annual portfolio turnover rate of the Fund will not be in excess of 100%. A high rate of portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses than a lower rate, which expenses must be borne by the Fund and its shareholders.
B-2
Fund Structure. The Funds fundamental investment policies and restrictions give the Fund the flexibility to pursue its investment objective through a fund structure commonly known as a master-feeder structure. If the Fund converts to a master-feeder structure, the existing shareholders of the Fund would continue to hold their Shares of the Fund and the Fund would become a feeder-fund of the master-fund. The value of a shareholders Shares would be the same immediately after any conversion as the value immediately before such conversion. Use of this master-feeder structure potentially would result in increased assets invested among the collective investment vehicle of which the Fund would be a part, thus allowing operating expenses to be spread over a larger asset base, potentially achieving economies of scale. Any such conversion to a master-feeder structure would be effected by the Board of Trustees without a shareholder vote. In such case, the Fund would inform shareholders of this conversion by supplementing the Funds Prospectus. The Funds Board of Trustees presently does not intend to effect any conversion of the Fund to a master-feeder structure.
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board) and the Funds officers appointed by the Board. The tables below list the trustees and executive officers of the Fund and their principal occupations, other directorships held by trustees and their affiliations, if any, with Invesco Advisers, Inc. (Invesco or the Adviser), the Funds investment adviser, or its affiliates. The Fund Complex includes each of the investment companies (Invesco Funds) advised by the Adviser as of the date of this SAI. The trustees serve for the life of the Fund, subject to their earlier death, incapacitation, resignation, retirement or removal as more specifically provided in the Funds organizational documents. Each officer serves for a one year term or until their successors are elected and qualified.
Independent Trustees
Name, Year
of
of Independent Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Director During Past 5 Years |
|||||
Bruce L. Crockett 1944 |
Trustee
and Chair |
2014 |
Chairman, Crockett Technologies Associates (technology consulting company)
Formerly: Director, Captaris (unified messaging provider); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, COMSAT Corporation; Chairman, Board of Governors of INTELSAT (international communications company); ACE Limited (insurance company); Independent Directors Council and Investment Company Institute; Member of the Audit Committee, Investment Company Institute; Member of the Executive Committee and Chair of the Governance Committee, Independent Directors Council |
144 | Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee, ALPS (Attorneys Liability Protection Society) (insurance company); Director and Member of the Audit Committee, Ferroglobe PLC (metallurgical company) | |||||
David C. Arch 1945 | Trustee | 1988 | Chairman of Blistex Inc., (a consumer health care products manufacturer); Member, World Presidents Organization | 144 | Board member of the Illinois Manufacturers Association |
B-3
Name, Year
of
of Independent Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Director During Past 5 Years |
|||||
James T. Bunch 1942 | Trustee | 2014 |
Managing Member, Grumman Hill Group LLC (family office/private equity investments)
Formerly: Chairman of the Board, Denver Film Society, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Evans Scholarship Foundation; Chairman, Board of Governors, Western Golf Association |
144 | Trustee, Evans Scholarship Foundation | |||||
Jack M. Fields 1952 | Trustee | 2014 |
Chief Executive Officer, Twenty First Century Group, Inc. (government affairs company); and Discovery Learning Alliance (non-profit)
Formerly: Owner and Chief Executive Officer, Dos Angeles Ranch, L.P. (cattle, hunting, corporate entertainment); Director, Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff) (human resources provider); Chief Executive Officer, Texana Timber LP (sustainable forestry company); Director of Cross Timbers Quail Research Ranch (non-profit); and member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
144 | None | |||||
Cynthia Hostetler 1962 | Trustee | 2017 |
Non-Executive Director and Trustee of a number of public and private business corporations
Formerly: Head of Investment Funds and Private Equity, Overseas Private Investment Corporation; President, First Manhattan Bancorporation, Inc.; Attorney, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP |
144 | Vulcan Materials Company (construction materials company); Trilinc Global Impact Fund; Aberdeen Investment Funds (4 portfolios); Artio Global Investment LLC (mutual fund complex); Edgen Group, Inc. (specialized energy and infrastructure products distributor) |
B-4
Name, Year
of
of Independent Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Director During Past 5 Years |
|||||
Eli Jones 1961 | Trustee | 2016 |
Professor and Dean, Mays Business School - Texas A&M University
Formerly: Professor and Dean, Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas and E.J. Ourso College of Business, Louisiana State University and Director of Arvest Bank |
144 |
Director of Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff)(human resources provider) |
|||||
Prema Mathai-Davis 1950 | Trustee | 2014 |
Retired.
Formerly: Chief Executive Officer, YWCA of the U.S.A. |
144 | None | |||||
Teresa M. Ressel 1962 | Trustee | 2017 |
Non-executive director and trustee of a number of public and private business corporations
Formerly: Chief Financial Officer, Olayan America, The Olayan Group (international investor/commercial/industrial); Chief Executive Officer, UBS Securities LLC; Group Chief Operating Officer, Americas, UBS AG; Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget and CFO, US Department of the Treasury (healthcare consortium); Chief Compliance Officer, Kaiser Permanente; Program Manager, Hewlett-Packard; Nuclear Engineering, General Dynamics Corporation (aerospace and defense company) |
144 | Atlantic Power Corporation (power generation company); ON Semiconductor Corp. (semiconductor supplier) | |||||
Larry Soll 1942 | Trustee | 2014 |
Retired.
Formerly: Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Synergen Corp. (a biotechnology company) |
144 | None | |||||
Ann Barnett Stern 1957 | Trustee | 2017 |
President and Chief Executive Officer, Houston Endowment Inc. (private philanthropic institution)
Formerly: Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Texas Childrens Hospital; Attorney, Beck, Redden and Secrest, LLP; Business Law Instructor, University of St. Thomas; Attorney, Andrews & Kurth LLP |
144 | Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas |
B-5
Name, Year
of
of Independent Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Director During Past 5 Years |
|||||
Raymond Stickel, Jr. 1944 | Trustee | 2014 |
Retired.
Formerly: Director, Mainstay VP Series Funds, Inc. (25 portfolios) and Partner, Deloitte & Touche |
144 | None | |||||
Robert C. Troccoli 1949 | Trustee | 2016 |
Adjunct Professor, University of Denver Daniels College of Business
Formerly: Senior Partner, KPMG LLP |
144 | None | |||||
Retired | ||||||||||
Christopher L. Wilson 1957 | Trustee | 2017 |
Managing Partner, CT2, LLC (investing and consulting firm)
Formerly: President/Chief Executive Officer, Columbia Funds, Bank of America Corporation; President/Chief Executive Officer, CDC IXIS Asset Management Services, Inc.; Principal & Director of Operations, Scudder Funds, Scudder, Stevens & Clark, Inc.; Assistant Vice President, Fidelity Investments |
144 | TD Asset Management USA Inc. (mutual fund complex) (22 portfolios); ISO New England, Inc. (non-profit organization managing regional electricity market) |
B-6
Interested Trustees
Name, Year
of
of Interested Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Directorships Held by Trustee/
|
|||||
Martin L. Flanagan *1960 | Trustee | 2014 |
Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Ltd. (ultimate parent of Invesco and a global investment management firm); Trustee, The Invesco Funds; Vice Chair, Investment Company Institute; and Member of Executive Board, SMU Cox School of Business
Formerly: Advisor to the Board, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.); Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (registered investment adviser); Director, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, IVZ Inc. (holding company), INVESCO Group Services, Inc. (service provider) and Invesco North American Holdings, Inc. (holding company); Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Holding Company Limited (parent of Invesco and a global investment management firm); Director, Invesco Ltd.; Chairman, Investment Company Institute and President, Co-Chief Executive Officer, Co-President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Franklin Resources, Inc. (global investment management organization) |
144 | None | |||||
Philip A. Taylor **1954 |
Trustee
and Senior Vice President |
2014 | Head of the Americas and Senior Managing Director, Invesco Ltd.; Director, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Management Group, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Management Group, Inc.) (financial services holding company); Director and Chairman, | 144 | None |
B-7
Name, Year
of
of Interested Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Directorships Held by Trustee/
|
|||||
Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Investment Services, Inc.) (registered transfer agent); Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Corporate Class Inc. (corporate mutual fund company); Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Canada Ltd. (formerly known as Invesco Trimark Ltd./Invesco Trimark Ltèe) (registered investment adviser and registered transfer agent); Trustee and Senior Vice President, The Invesco Funds; Director, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management) | ||||||||||
Formerly: Co-Chairman, Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Van Kampen Exchange Corp.; President and Principal Executive Officer, The Invesco Funds (other than AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust), Short-Term Investments Trust and Invesco Management Trust); Executive Vice President, The Invesco Funds (AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust), Short-Term Investments Trust and Invesco Management Trust only); Director and President, INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. (registered investment adviser and registered transfer agent); Director and Chairman, IVZ Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as INVESCO Distributors, Inc.) (registered broker dealer); Director, President and Chairman, Invesco Inc. (holding company), Invesco Canada Holdings Inc. (holding company), Trimark Investments Ltd./Placements Trimark Ltèe and Invesco Financial Services Ltd/Services Financiers Invesco Ltèe; Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Canada Fund Inc. (corporate |
B-8
Name, Year
of
of Interested Trustee |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
Invesco
Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
Other Trusteeship(s)/
Directorships Held by Trustee/
|
|||||
mutual fund company); Director and Chairman, Van Kampen Investor Services Inc.; Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, 1371 Preferred Inc. (holding company) and Van Kampen Investments Inc.; Director and President, AIM GP Canada Inc. (general partner for limited partnerships) and Van Kampen Advisors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Trimark Dealer Inc. (registered broker dealer); Director, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Distributors, Inc.) (registered broker dealer); Manager, Invesco PowerShares Capital Management LLC; Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Advisers, Inc.; Director, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Aim Capital Management, Inc.; President, Invesco Trimark Dealer Inc. and Invesco Trimark Ltd./Invesco Trimark Ltèe; Director and President, AIM Trimark Corporate Class Inc. and AIM Trimark Canada Fund Inc.; Senior Managing Director, Invesco Holding Company Limited; Trustee and Executive Vice President, Tax-Free Investments Trust; Director and Chairman, Fund Management Company (former registered broker dealer); President and Principal Executive Officer, The Invesco Funds (AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust), and Short-Term Investments Trust only); President, AIM Trimark Global Fund Inc. and AIM Trimark Canada Fund Inc. |
(1) | The principal business address of each Trustee is c/o Invesco Senior Loan Fund, 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. |
* | Mr. Flanagan is considered an interested person (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund because he is an officer of the Adviser, and an officer and director of Invesco Ltd., ultimate parent of the Adviser. |
** | Mr. Taylor is considered an interested person (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund because he is an officer and a director of the Adviser. |
B-9
Officers
Name, Year of Birth and Address (1) of Officer |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
|||
Russell C. Burk 1958 |
Senior Vice President and Senior Officer |
2014 | Senior Vice President and Senior Officer, The Invesco Funds | |||
Kelli Gallegos 1970 |
Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Assistant Treasurer |
2010 |
Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Assistant Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Assistant Treasurer, Invesco PowerShares Capital Management LLC, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust
Formerly: Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds |
|||
Robert R. Leveille 1969 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
2016 |
Chief Compliance Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (registered investment adviser); and Chief Compliance Officer, The Invesco Funds
Formerly: Chief Compliance Officer, Putnam Investments and the Putnam Funds |
|||
Sheri Morris 1964 | President, Principal Executive Officer and Treasurer | 2010 |
President, Principal Executive Officer and Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); and Vice President, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust
Formerly: Vice President and Principal Financial Officer, The Invesco Funds; Vice President, Invesco Aim Advisers, Inc., Invesco Aim Capital Management, Inc. and Invesco Aim Private Asset Management, Inc.; Assistant Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, The Invesco Funds and Assistant Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc., Invesco Aim Capital Management, Inc. and Invesco Aim Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Treasurer, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
B-10
Name, Year of Birth and Address (1) of Officer |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
|||
Tracy Sullivan 1962 |
Vice President, Chief Tax Officer and Assistant Treasurer |
2010 |
Vice President, Chief Tax Officer and Assistant Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Assistant Treasurer, Invesco PowerShares Capital Management LLC, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust
Formerly: Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds |
|||
Gregory G. McGreevey 1962 | Senior Vice President | 2012 |
Senior Managing Director, Invesco Ltd.; Director, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director, Invesco Mortgage Capital, Inc. and Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.; and Senior Vice President, The Invesco Funds
Formerly: Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds |
|||
Crissie M. Wisdom 1969 |
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer |
2013 |
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser), Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.), Invesco Distributors, Inc., Invesco Investment Services, Inc., Invesco Management Group, Inc., The Invesco Funds, and PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust; and Fraud Prevention Manager and Controls and Risk Analysis Manager for Invesco Investment Services, Inc.
Formerly: Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer, Van Kampen Exchange Corp. |
B-11
Name, Year of Birth and Address (1) of Officer |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
|||
John M. Zerr 1962 | Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary | 2010 | Director, Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Management Group, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Management Group, Inc.); Senior Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Senior Vice President and Secretary, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Distributors, Inc.); Director, Vice President and Secretary, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Investment Services, Inc.); Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, The Invesco Funds; Managing Director, Invesco PowerShares Capital Management LLC; Director, Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management); Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.) and Chief Legal Officer, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, PowerShares India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust and PowerShares Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Community Fund Trust; Manager and Secretary, Invesco Indexing LLC | |||
Formerly: Director, Secretary, General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Van Kampen Exchange Corp.; Director, Vice President and Secretary, IVZ Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as INVESCO Distributors, Inc.); Director and Vice President, INVESCO Funds Group, Inc.; Director and Vice President, Van Kampen Advisors Inc.; Director, Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Van Kampen Investor Services Inc.; Director, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Aim Distributors, Inc.); Director, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Invesco Aim Advisers, Inc. and Van Kampen Investments Inc.; Director, Vice President and Secretary, Fund Management Company; Director, Senior Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel and Vice President, Invesco Aim Capital Management, Inc.; Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, Liberty Ridge Capital, Inc. (an investment adviser); Vice President and Secretary, PBHG Funds (an investment company) and PBHG Insurance Series Fund (an investment company); Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, Old Mutual Investment Partners (a broker-dealer); General Counsel and Secretary, Old Mutual Fund Services (an administrator) and Old Mutual Shareholder Services (a shareholder servicing center); Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Old Mutual Capital, Inc. (an investment adviser); and Vice President and Secretary, Old Mutual Advisors Funds (an investment company) |
(1) | The principal business address of each officer is c/o Invesco Senior Loan Fund, 1555 Peachtree Street N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. |
B-12
Board of Trustees
Qualifications and Experience. The following sets forth additional information about the qualifications and experiences of each of the Trustees.
Interested Persons
Martin L. Flanagan, Trustee
Martin L. Flanagan has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2007. Mr. Flanagan is president and chief executive officer of Invesco Ltd., a position he has held since August 2005. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Invesco Ltd.
Mr. Flanagan joined Invesco, Ltd. from Franklin Resources, Inc., where he was president and co-chief executive officer from January 2004 to July 2005. Previously he had been Franklins co-president from May 2003 to January 2004, chief operating officer and chief financial officer from November 1999 to May 2003, and senior vice president and chief financial officer from 1993 until November 1999.
Mr. Flanagan served as director, executive vice president and chief operating officer of Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger, Ltd. before its acquisition by Franklin in 1992. Before joining Templeton in 1983, he worked with Arthur Andersen & Co.
Mr. Flanagan is a chartered financial analyst and a certified public accountant. He serves as vice chairman of the Investment Company Institute and a member of the executive board at the SMU Cox School of Business.
The Board believes that Mr. Flanagans long experience as an executive in the investment management area benefits the Fund.
Philip A. Taylor, Trustee
Philip A. Taylor has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2006. Mr. Taylor has headed Invescos North American retail business as Senior Managing Director of Invesco Ltd. since April 2006. He previously served as chief executive officer of Invesco Trimark Investments since January 2002.
Mr. Taylor joined Invesco in 1999 as senior vice president of operations and client services and later became executive vice president and chief operating officer.
Mr. Taylor was president of Canadian retail broker Investors Group Securities from 1994 to 1997 and managing partner of Meridian Securities, an execution and clearing broker, from 1989 to 1994. He held various management positions with Royal Trust, now part of Royal Bank of Canada, from 1982 to 1989. He began his career in consumer brand management in the U.S. and Canada with Richardson-Vicks, now part of Procter & Gamble.
The Board believes that Mr. Taylors long experience in the investment management business benefits the Fund.
Independent Trustees
Bruce L. Crockett, Trustee and Chair
Bruce L. Crockett has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1978, and has served as Independent Chair of the Board of Trustees and their predecessor funds since 2004.
Mr. Crockett has more than 30 years of experience in finance and general management in the banking, aerospace and telecommunications industries. From 1992 to 1996, he served as president, chief executive officer and a director of COMSAT Corporation, an international satellite and wireless telecommunications company.
Mr. Crockett has also served, since 1996, as chairman of Crockett Technologies Associates, a strategic consulting firm that provides services to the information technology and communications industries. Mr. Crockett also serves on the Board of ALPS (Attorneys Liability Protection Society) and Ferroglobe PLC (metallurgical company) and he is a life trustee of the University of Rochester Board of Trustees. He is a member of the Audit Committee of Ferroglobe PLC.
B-13
The Board of Trustees elected Mr. Crockett to serve as its Independent Chair because of his extensive experience in managing public companies and familiarity with investment companies.
David C. Arch, Trustee
David C. Arch has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds and their predecessor funds since 2010. From 1984 to 2010, Mr. Arch served as Director or Trustee of investment companies in the Van Kampen Funds complex.
Mr. Arch is the Chairman of Blistex Inc., a consumer health care products manufacturer. Mr. Arch is a member of the Board of the Illinois Manufacturers Association and a member of the World Presidents Organization.
The Board believes that Mr. Archs experience as the CEO of a public company and his experience with investment companies benefits the Fund.
James T. Bunch, Trustee
James T. Bunch has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2000.
From 1988 to 2010, Mr. Bunch was Founding Partner of Green Manning & Bunch, Ltd., an investment banking firm previously located in Denver, Colorado. Mr. Bunch began his professional career as a practicing attorney. He joined the prominent Denver-based law firm of Davis Graham & Stubbs in 1970 and later rose to the position of Chairman and Managing Partner of the firm.
At various other times during his career, Mr. Bunch has served as Chair of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) Business District Conduct Committee, and Chair of the Colorado Bar Association Ethics Committee.
In June 2010, Mr. Bunch became the Managing Member of Grumman Hill Group LLC, a family office private equity investment manager.
The Board believes that Mr. Bunchs experience as an investment banker and investment management lawyer benefits the Fund.
Jack M. Fields, Trustee
Jack M. Fields has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1997.
Mr. Fields served as a member of Congress, representing the 8th Congressional District of Texas from 1980 to 1997. As a member of Congress, Mr. Fields served as Chairman of the House Telecommunications and Finance Subcommittee, which has jurisdiction and oversight of the Federal Communications Commission and the SEC. Mr. Fields co-sponsored the National Securities Markets Improvements Act of 1996, and played a leadership role in enactment of the Securities Litigation Reform Act.
Mr. Fields currently serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Twenty-First Century Group, Inc. in Washington, D.C., a bipartisan Washington consulting firm specializing in Federal government affairs.
Mr. Fields also served as a Director of Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff), a premier professional employer organization with clients nationwide until 2015. In addition, Mr. Fields sits on the Board of Discovery Learning Alliance, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing educational resources to people in need around the world through the use of technology.
The Board believes that Mr. Fields experience in the House of Representatives, especially concerning regulation of the securities markets, benefits the Fund.
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Cynthia Hostetler, Trustee
Cynthia Hostetler is currently a member of the board of directors/trustees of the Vulcan Materials Company, a public company engaged in the production and distribution of construction materials, Trilinc Global Impact Fund LLC, a publicly registered non-traded limited liability company that invests in a diversified portfolio of private debt instruments, and the Aberdeen Investment Funds, a mutual fund complex. Previously, Ms. Hostetler served as a member of the board of directors of Edgen Group Inc., a public company that provides products and services to energy and construction companies, from 2012 to 2013, prior to its sale to Sumitomo.
From 2001 to 2009 Ms. Hostetler served as Head of Investment Funds and Private Equity at Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), a government agency that supports US investment in the emerging markets. Ms. Hostetler oversaw a . multi-billion dollar investment portfolio in private equity funds. Prior to joining OPIC, Ms. Hostetler served as President and member of the board of directors of First Manhattan Bancorporation, a bank holding company, and its largest subsidiary, First Savings Bank, from 1991 to 2001.
The Board believes that Ms. Hostetlers knowledge of financial services and investment management, her experience as a director of other companies, including a mutual fund complex, her legal background, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Fund.
Dr. Eli Jones, Trustee
Dr. Eli Jones has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.
Dr. Jones is the dean of the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University and holder of the Peggy Pitman Mays Eminent Scholar Chair in Business. Dr. Jones has served as a director of Insperity, Inc. since April 2004 and is chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Prior to his current position, from 2012-2015, Dr. Jones was the dean of the Sam M. Walton College of Business at the University of Arkansas and holder of the Sam M. Walton Leadership Chair in Business. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Arkansas, he was dean of the E. J. Ourso College of Business and Ourso Distinguished Professor of Business at Louisiana State University from 2008 to 2012; professor of marketing and associate dean at the C.T. Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston from 2007 to 2008; an associate professor of marketing from 2002 to 2007; and an assistant professor from 1997 until 2002. He taught at Texas A&M University for several years before joining the faculty of the University of Houston. Dr. Jones served as the executive director of the Program for Excellence in Selling and the Sales Excellence Institute at the University of Houston from 1997 to 2007. Before becoming a professor, he worked in sales and sales management for three Fortune 100 companies: Quaker Oats, Nabisco, and Frito-Lay. Dr. Jones is a past director of Arvest Bank. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in journalism in 1982, his MBA in 1986 and his Ph.D. in 1997, all from Texas A&M University.
The Board believes that Dr. Jones experience in academia and his experience in marketing benefits the Fund.
Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis, Trustee
Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1998.
Prior to her retirement in 2000, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as Chief Executive Officer of the YWCA of the USA. Prior to joining the YWCA, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as the Commissioner of the New York City Department for the Aging. She was a Commissioner of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York, the largest regional transportation network in the U.S. Dr. Mathai-Davis also serves as a Trustee of the YWCA Retirement Fund, the first and oldest pension fund for women, and on the advisory board of the Johns Hopkins Bioethics Institute. Dr. Mathai-Davis was the president and chief executive officer of the Community Agency for Senior Citizens, a non-profit social service agency that she established in 1981. She also directed the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine-Hunter College Long-Term Care Gerontology Center, one of the first of its kind.
The Board believes that Dr. Mathai-Davis extensive experience in running public and charitable institutions benefits the Fund.
Teresa M. Ressel, Trustee
Teresa M. Ressel has previously served across both the private sector and the U.S. government. Formerly, Ms. Ressel served from 2004 to 2012 in various capacities at UBS AG, including most recently as Chief Executive Officer of UBS Securities LLC, a broker-dealer division of UBS Investment Bank, and Group Chief Operating Officer of the Americas group at UBS AG. In these roles, Ms. Ressel managed a broad array of operational risk controls, supervisory control, regulatory, compliance, and logistics functions covering the United States and Canada, as well as banking activities covering the Americas.
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Between 2001 and 2004, Ms. Ressel served at the U.S. Treasury first as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget and then as Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Ressel was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and handles a broad array of management duties including finance & accounting, operational risk, audit and performance measurement along with information technology and infrastructure security.
Ms. Ressel currently serves as a member of the board of directors and as a member of the audit committee of ON Semiconductor Corporation, a publicly traded technology company. Ms. Ressel currently chairs their Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. ON Semiconductor is a leading supplier of semiconductor-based solutions, many of which reduce global energy use. She has served on the ON Semiconductor board since 2012.
Ms. Ressel also currently serves as a member of the board of directors at Atlantic Power, a publicly traded company which owns and operates a diverse fleet of power generation across the United States and Canada. She serves on the audit committee and compensation committee and has been on the Atlantic Power board since 2014.
The Board believes that Ms. Ressels risk management and financial experience in both the private and public sectors benefits the Fund.
Dr. Larry Soll, Trustee
Dr. Larry Soll has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1997.
Formerly, Dr. Soll was Chairman of the Board (1987 to 1994), Chief Executive Officer (1982 to 1989; 1993 to 1994) and President (1982 to 1989) of Synergen Corp., a public company, and in such capacities supervised the activities of the Chief Financial Officer. Dr. Soll also has served as a director of three other public companies and as treasurer of a non-profit corporation. Dr. Soll currently serves as a trustee and a member of the Audit Committee of each of the funds within the Invesco Funds.
The Board believes that Dr. Solls experience as a chairman of a public company benefits the Fund.
Ann Barnett Stern, Trustee
Ann Barnett Stern is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Houston Endowment Inc., a private philanthropic institution. She has served in this capacity since 2012. Formerly, Ms. Stern served in various capacities at Texas Childrens Hospital from 2003 to 2012, including General Counsel and Executive Vice President.
Ms. Stern is also currently a member of the Dallas Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, a role she has held since 2013.
The Board believes that Ms. Sterns knowledge of financial services and investment management and her experience as a director, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Fund.
Raymond Stickel, Jr., Trustee
Raymond Stickel, Jr. has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2005.
Mr. Stickel retired after a 35-year career with Deloitte & Touche. For the last five years of his career, he was the managing partner of the investment management practice for the New York, New Jersey and Connecticut region. In addition to his management role, he directed audit and tax services for several mutual fund clients.
Mr. Stickel began his career with Touche Ross & Co. (the Firm) in Dayton, Ohio, became a partner in 1976 and managing partner of the office in 1985. He also started and developed an investment management practice in the Dayton office that grew to become a significant source of investment management talent for the Firm. In Ohio, he served as the audit partner on numerous mutual funds and on public and privately held companies in other industries. Mr. Stickel has also served on the Firms Accounting and Auditing Executive Committee.
The Board believes that Mr. Stickels experience as a partner in a large accounting firm working with investment managers and investment companies, and his status as an Audit Committee Financial Expert, benefits the Fund.
Robert C. Troccoli, Trustee
Robert C. Troccoli has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.
Mr. Troccoli retired in 2010 after a 39-year career with KPMG LLP. Since 2013 he has been an adjunct professor at the University of Denvers Daniels College of Business.
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Mr. Troccolis leadership roles during his career with KPMG included managing partner and partner in charge of the Denver offices Financial Services Practice. He served regulated investment companies, investment advisors, private partnerships, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, and financial services companies. Toward the end of his career, Mr. Troccoli was a founding member of KPMGs Private Equity Group in New York City, where he served private equity firms and sovereign wealth funds. Mr. Troccoli also served mutual fund clients along with several large private equity firms as Global Lead Partner of KPMGs Private Equity Group.
The Board believes that Mr. Troccolis experience as a partner in a large accounting firm and his knowledge of investment companies, investment advisors, and private equity firms benefits the Fund.
Christopher L. Wilson, Trustee
Christopher L. Wilson started a career in the investment management business in 1980. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Wilson served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Columbia Funds, a mutual fund complex with over $350 billion in assets. Mr. Wilson is currently a Managing Partner of CT2, LLC, an early stage investing and consulting firm for start-up companies. He has served in this capacity since 2009.
From 2014 to 2016, Mr. Wilson served as a member of the Board of Directors of the mutual fund company managed by TDAM USA Inc., an affiliate of TD Bank, N.A.
Mr. Wilson also currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors of ISO New England, Inc., the company that establishes the wholesale electricity market and manages the electrical power grid in New England. Mr. Wilson is currently the chair of the Audit and Finance Committee, which also oversees cybersecurity, and a member of the systems planning committee of ISO-NE, Inc. He previously served as chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and was a member of the Markets Committee. He has served on the ISO New England, Inc. board since 2011.
The Board believes that Mr. Wilsons knowledge of financial services and investment management, his experience as a director and audit committee member of other companies, including a mutual fund company, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment benefit the Fund.
Management Information
The Trustees have the authority to take all actions that they consider necessary or appropriate in connection with management of the Fund, including, among other things, approving the investment objectives, investment policies and fundamental investment restrictions for the Fund. The Fund enters into agreements with various entities to manage the day-today operations of the Fund, including the Funds investment advisers, administrator, transfer agent, distributor and custodians. The Trustees are responsible for selecting these service providers and approving the terms of their contracts with the Fund, and exercising general oversight of these service providers on an ongoing basis.
Certain trustees and officers of the Fund are affiliated with Invesco and Invesco Ltd., the parent corporation of Invesco. All of the Funds executive officers hold similar offices with some or all of the other Invesco Funds in the Fund Complex.
Leadership Structure and the Board of Trustees. The Board is currently composed of thirteen Trustees, including eleven Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the Independent Trustees and each an Independent Trustee). In addition to eight regularly scheduled meetings per year, the Board holds special meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. As discussed below, the Board has established five standing committees the Audit Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Governance Committee, the Investments Committee and the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee (the Committees), to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairmans primary role is to preside at meetings of the Board and act as a liaison with the Adviser and other service providers, officers, including the Senior Officer of the Fund, attorneys, and other Trustees between meetings. The Chairman also participates in the preparation of the agenda for the meetings of the Board, is active with mutual fund industry organizations, and may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Funds Declaration of Trust or By-laws, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally.
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The Board believes that its leadership structure, including having an Independent Trustee as Chairman, allows for effective communication between the Trustees and management, among the Trustees and among its Independent Trustees. The existing Board structure, including its Committee structure, provides the Independent Trustees with effective control over Board governance while also allowing them to receive and benefit from insight from the two interested Trustees who are active officers of the Funds investment adviser. The Boards leadership structure promotes dialogue and debate, which the Board believes allows for the proper consideration of matters deemed important to the Fund and its shareholders and result in effective decision making.
Risk Oversight . The Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at its regular meetings and at regular meetings of its Committees. Invesco prepares regular reports that address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters, and the Board as a whole or the Committees also receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues at the request of the Board, a Committee or the Senior Officer.
The Audit Committee is apprised by, and discusses with, management its policies on risk assessment and risk management. Such discussion includes a discussion of the guidelines governing the process by which risks are assessed and managed and an identification of the Funds major financial risk exposures. In addition, the Audit Committee meets regularly with representatives of Invesco Ltd.s internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within Invesco that affect the Fund.
The Compliance Committee receives regular compliance reports prepared by Invescos compliance group and meets regularly with the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. The Compliance Committee has recommended and the Board has adopted compliance policies and procedures for the Fund and for the Funds service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are designed to detect, prevent and correct violations of the federal securities laws.
The Governance Committee monitors the composition of the Board and each of its Committees and monitors the qualifications of the Trustees to ensure adherence to certain governance undertakings applicable to the Fund. In addition, the Governance Committee oversees an annual self-assessment of the Board and addresses governance risks, including insurance and fidelity bond matters, for the Fund.
The Investments Committee and its sub-committees receive regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Fund. In addition, Invescos Chief Investment Officers and the portfolio managers of the Fund meet regularly with the Investments Committee or its subcommittees to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk, such as the impact on the Fund of investments in particular types of securities or instruments, such as derivatives. To the extent that the Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Funds risk profile, the Board generally is consulted in advance with respect to such change.
The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee monitors fair valuation of portfolio securities based on management reports that include explanations of the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid securities in the Funds portfolio.
Committee Structure.
The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Arch, Bunch, Crockett, Stickel (Chair), Troccoli (Vice Chair), Dr. Soll and Mss. Hostetler and Stern. The Audit Committee performs a number of functions with respect to the oversight of the Funds accounting and financial reporting, including: (i) assisting the Board with its oversight of the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accountants; (ii) appointing independent registered public accountants for the Fund; (iii) to the extent required, pre-approving certain audit and permissible non-audit services; (iv) overseeing the financial reporting process for the Fund; and (v) assisting the Board with its oversight of the integrity of the Funds financial statements and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Audit Committee held twelve meetings.
The members of the Compliance Committee are Messrs. Arch (Vice Chair), Bunch, Stickel, Troccoli and Wilson, Ms. Ressel and Dr. Soll (Chair). The Compliance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to compliance matters, including: (i) if requested by the Board, reviewing and making recommendations concerning the qualifications, performance and compensation of the Funds Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Officer; (ii) reviewing recommendations and reports made by the Chief Compliance Officer or Senior Officer of the Fund regarding compliance matters; (iii) overseeing compliance policies and procedures of the Fund and its service providers; and (iv) overseeing potential conflicts of interest that are reported to the Compliance Committee by Invesco, the Chief Compliance Officer, or the Senior Officer. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Compliance Committee held four meetings.
The members of the Governance Committee are Messrs. Crockett and Fields (Chair), Mss. Hostetler and Stern and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis (and Vice-Chair). The Governance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to governance, including: (i) nominating persons to serve as Independent Trustees and as members of each Committee, and nominating the Chair of the Board and the Chair and Vice-Chair of each Committee; (ii) reviewing and making recommendations to the full Board regarding the size and composition of the Board and the compensation payable to the Independent Trustees; and (iii) overseeing the annual self-evaluation of the performance of the Board and its Committees. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Governance Committee held six meetings.
B-18
The Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by a shareholder to serve as trustees, provided: (i) that such person is a shareholder of record at the time he or she submits such names and is entitled to vote at the meeting of shareholders at which trustees will be elected; and (ii) that the Governance Committee or the Board, as applicable, shall make the final determination of persons to be nominated. Notice procedures set forth in the Funds bylaws require that any shareholder of the Fund desiring to nominate a candidate for election at a shareholder meeting must submit to the Funds Secretary the nomination in writing not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which the date of the meeting is publicly announced or disclosed.
The members of the Investments Committee are Messrs. Arch (Vice Chair), Bunch (Chair), Crockett, Fields, Flanagan, Stickel, Taylor, Troccoli (Vice Chair) and Wilson, Mss. Hostetler, Ressel and Stern and Drs. Jones (Vice Chair), Mathai-Davis and Soll. The Investments Committees primary purposes are to assist the Board in its oversight of the investment management services provided by Invesco and the Sub-Advisers and to periodically review Fund performance information. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Investments Committee held six meetings.
The Investments Committee has established three Sub-Committees and delegated to the Sub-Committees responsibility for, among other matters: (i) reviewing the performance of the Fund and other Invesco Funds that have been assigned to a particular Sub-Committee (for each Sub-Committee, the Designated Funds), unless the Investments Committee takes such action directly; and (ii) reviewing with the applicable portfolio managers from time to time the investment objective(s), policies, strategies, risks and limitations of the Designated Funds.
The members of the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee are Messrs. Fields and Wilson, Ms. Stern and Drs. Jones (Vice Chair) and Mathai-Davis (Chair). The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee performs a number of functions with respect to valuation, distribution and proxy voting, including: (i) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding the Funds valuation and liquidity methods and determinations, and annually approving and making recommendations to the full Board regarding pricing procedures and procedures for determining the liquidity of securities; (ii) reviewing Invescos annual report evaluating the pricing vendors, and approving and recommending that the full Board approve changes to pricing vendors and pricing methodologies; (iii) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding fund distribution and marketing channels and expenditures; and (iv) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding proxy voting guidelines, policies and procedures. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee held six meetings.
Compensation
Each trustee who is not affiliated with Invesco is compensated for his or her services according to a fee schedule that recognizes the fact that such trustee also serves as a trustee of other Invesco Funds. Each such trustee receives a fee, allocated among the Invesco Funds for which he or she serves as a trustee that consists of an annual retainer component and a meeting fee component. The Chair of the Board and of each Committee and Sub-Committee receive additional compensation for their services.
B-19
Information regarding compensation paid or accrued for each Trustee of the Fund who was not affiliated with Invesco during the year ended December 31, 2016, as indicated in the notes accompanying the table, are as follows:
Compensation Table
Aggregate Compensation
from the Fund (1) |
Retirement
Benefits Accrued by All Invesco Funds |
Estimated
Annual Benefits Upon Retirement (2) |
Total Compensation
from All Invesco Funds (3) |
Number of Funds
in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
||||||||||||||||
Independent Trustees (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||
David C. Arch |
$ | 2,056 | $ | 0 | $ | 205,000 | $ | 383,122 | 144 | |||||||||||
James T. Bunch |
2,122 | 0 | 205,000 | 401,322 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Bruce L. Crockett |
3,652 | 0 | 205,000 | 690,922 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Jack M. Fields |
1,996 | 0 | 205,000 | 363,122 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Cynthia Hostetler (5) |
N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Eli Jones |
1,839 | 0 | 0 | 309,351 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Prema Mathai-Davis |
2,103 | 0 | 205,000 | 390,322 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Teresa M. Ressel (5) |
N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Larry Soll |
2,109 | 0 | 226,885 | 396,322 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Ann Barnett Stern (5) |
N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Raymond Stickel, Jr. |
2,260 | 0 | 205,000 | 426,022 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Robert C. Troccoli |
1,876 | 0 | 0 | 317,851 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Christopher L. Wilson (5) |
N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Interested Trustees |
||||||||||||||||||||
Martin L. Flanagan |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144 | |||||||||||||||
Philip A. Taylor |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144 |
(1) | Amounts shown are based on the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017. The total amount of compensation deferred by all trustees of the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, including earnings, was $3,020. |
(2) | These amounts represent the estimated annual benefits payable by the Invesco Funds upon the trustees retirement and assumes each trustee serves until his or her normal retirement date. These amounts are not adjusted to reflect deemed investment appreciation or depreciation. |
(3) | All trustees currently serve as trustee of 31 registered investment companies advised by Invesco. |
(4) | On December 31, 2016, Mr. Albert R. Dowden and Ms. Suzanne Woolsey retired. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, aggregate compensation from the Fund paid to Mr. Dowden and Ms. Woolsey was $3,194. |
( 5 ) | Mss. Cynthia Hostetler, Teresa M. Ressel and Ann Barnett Stern, and Mr. Christopher L. Wilson were elected as Trustees of the Trust by shareholders at a meeting held on March 9, 2017. |
Shareholder Communications
Shareholders may send communications to the Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board by addressing the communication directly to the Board (or individual Board members) and/or otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is for the Board (or individual Board members) and by sending the communication to either the Funds office or directly to such Board member(s) at the address specified for such trustee above. Other shareholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at managements discretion based on the matters contained therein.
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Trustee Beneficial Ownership of Securities
The dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each trustee (i) in the Fund and (ii) on an aggregate basis, in all registered investment companies overseen by the trustee within the Invesco Funds complex, as of December 31, 2016, are as follows:
Trustee Beneficial Ownership of Securities
Independent Trustees |
Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in the Fund Complex |
||
David C. Arch |
$1-$10,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
James T. Bunch |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Bruce L. Crockett |
None | Over $100,000 (1) | ||
Jack M. Fields |
None | Over $100,000 (1) | ||
Cynthia Hostetler (3) |
N/A | N/A | ||
Eli Jones (2) |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Prema Mathai-Davis |
None | Over $100,000 (1) | ||
Teresa M. Ressel (3) |
N/A | N/A | ||
Larry Soll |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Ann Barnett Stern (3) |
N/A | N/A | ||
Raymond Stickel, Jr. |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Robert C. Troccoli (2) |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Christopher L. Wilson (3) |
N/A | Over $100,000 | ||
Interested Trustees |
||||
Martin L. Flanagan |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Philip A. Taylor |
None | $1-$10,000 |
(1) | Includes total amount of compensation deferred by the trustee at his or her election pursuant to a deferred compensation plan. Such deferred compensation is placed in a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more of the Invesco Funds. |
(2) | Dr. Jones and Mr. Troccoli were appointed as Trustees of the Trust effective January 29, 2016. |
(3) | The information in the table is provided as of December 31, 2016. Mss. Cynthia Hostetler, Teresa M. Ressel and Ann Barnett Stern and Mr. Christopher L. Wilson were elected as Trustees of the Trust by shareholders at a meeting held on March 9, 2017. |
As of December 31, 2016, trustees and officers of the Fund as a group owned less than 1% of the Shares.
Retirement Policy
The Trustees have adopted a retirement policy that permits each Trustee to serve until December 31 of the year in which the Trustee turns 75.
Pre-Amendment Retirement Plan for Trustees
The Trustees have adopted a Retirement Plan for the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser. A description of the pre-amendment Retirement Plan follows. Annual retirement benefits are available from the Fund and/or the other Invesco Funds for which a Trustee serves (each, a Covered Fund), for each Trustee who is not an employee or officer of the Adviser, who either (a) became a Trustee prior to December 1, 2008, and who has at least five years of credited service as a Trustee (including service to a predecessor fund) of a Covered Fund, or (b) was a member of the Board of Trustees of a Van Kampen Fund immediately prior to June 1, 2010 (Former Van Kampen Trustee), and has at least one year of credited service as a Trustee of a Covered Fund after June 1, 2010.
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For Trustees other than Former Van Kampen Trustees, effective January 1, 2006, for retirements after December 31, 2005, the retirement benefits will equal 75% of the Trustees annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and the Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for a number of years equal to the lesser of (i) sixteen years or (ii) the number of such Trustees credited years of service. If a Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustees designated beneficiary for the same length of time that the Trustee would have received the payments based on his or her service or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment. A Trustee must have attained the age of 65 (60 in the event of disability) to receive any retirement benefit. A Trustee may make an irrevocable election to commence payment of retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board before age 72; in such a case, the annual retirement benefit is subject to a reduction for early payment.
If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes at least 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will equal 75% of the Former Van Kampen Trustees annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and such Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for 10 years beginning after the later of the Former Van Kampen Trustees termination of service or attainment of age 72 (or age 60 in the event of disability or immediately in the event of death). If a Former Van Kampen Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustees designated beneficiary or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment.
If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes less than 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will be payable at the applicable time described in the preceding paragraph, but will be paid in two components successively. For the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustees years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the first component of the annual retirement benefit will equal 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph. Thereafter, for the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustees years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the second component of the annual retirement benefit will equal the excess of (x) 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph, over (y) $68,041 plus an interest factor of 4% per year compounded annually measured from June 1, 2010 through the first day of each year for which payments under this second component are to be made. In no event, however, will the retirement benefits under the two components be made for a period of time greater than 10 years. For example, if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 7 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 7 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 3 years of payments under the second component, and if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 4 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 4 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 4 years of payments under the second component.
Amendment of Retirement Plan and Conversion to Defined Contribution Plan
The Trustees approved an amendment to the Retirement Plan to convert it to a defined contribution benefit plan for active Trustees (the Amended Plan). Under the Amended Plan, the benefit amount was amended for each active Trustee to the present value of the Trustees existing retirement plan benefit as of December 31, 2013 (the Existing Plan Benefit) plus the present value of retirement benefits expected to be earned under the Retirement Plan through the end of the calendar year in which the Trustee attained age 75 (the Expected Future Benefit and, together with the Existing Plan Benefit, the Accrued Benefit). On the conversion date, the Covered Funds established bookkeeping accounts in the amount of their pro rata share of the Accrued Benefit, which is deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the participating Trustees. Such accounts will be adjusted from time to time to reflect deemed investment earnings and losses. Each Trustees Accrued Benefit is not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the accounts, the participating Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Covered Funds. Trustees will be paid the adjusted account balance under the Amended Plan in quarterly installments for the same period as described above.
Deferred Compensation Agreements
Three retired Trustees, as well as Messrs. Crockett, Fields and Dr. Mathai-Davis (for purposes of this paragraph only, the Deferring Trustees) have each executed a Deferred Compensation Agreement (collectively, the Compensation Agreements). Pursuant to the Compensation Agreements, the Deferring Trustees have the option to elect to defer receipt of up to 100% of their compensation payable by the Fund, and such amounts are placed into a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the Deferring Trustees.
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Distributions from these deferral accounts will be paid in cash, generally in equal quarterly installments over a period of up to ten (10) years (depending on the Compensation Agreement) beginning on the date selected under the Compensation Agreement. If a Deferring Trustee dies prior to the distribution of amounts in his or her deferral account, the balance of the deferral account will be distributed to his or her designated beneficiary. The Compensation Agreements are not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the deferral accounts, the Deferring Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Fund and of each other Invesco Fund from which they are deferring compensation.
Purchase of Class A Shares of the Fund at Net Asset Value
The Trustees and certain other affiliated persons of the Fund may purchase Class A shares of the Fund without paying an initial sales charge. Invesco Distributors permits such purchases because there is a reduced sales effort involved in sales to such purchasers, thereby resulting in relatively low expenses of distribution. For a complete description of the persons who will not pay an initial sales charge on purchases of Class A shares of the Fund, see Purchases of Shares Class A Shares in the prospectus.
Purchases of Class Y Shares of the Fund
The Trustees and certain other affiliated persons of the Fund may purchase Class Y shares of the Fund. For a description please see Purchases of Shares Class Y Shares in the prospectus.
Code of Ethics
The Fund, the Adviser and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics (the Code of Ethics) that sets forth general and specific standards relating to the securities trading activities of their employees. The Code of Ethics does not prohibit employees from acquiring securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, but is intended to ensure that all employees conduct their personal transactions in a manner that does not interfere with the portfolio transactions of the Fund or other Invesco Funds in the Fund Complex, or that such employees take unfair advantage of their relationship with the Fund. Among other things, the Code of Ethics prohibits certain types of transactions absent prior approval, imposes various trading restrictions (such as time periods during which personal transactions may or may not be made) and requires quarterly reporting of securities transactions and other reporting matters. All reportable securities transactions and other required reports are to be reviewed by appropriate personnel for compliance with the Code of Ethics. Additional restrictions apply to portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and others who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the Fund or other Invesco Funds in the Fund Complex or who otherwise are involved in the investment advisory process. Exceptions to these and other provisions of the Code of Ethics may be granted in particular circumstances after review by appropriate personnel. The Code of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the operation of the public reference room); on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site www.sec.gov; or, upon payment of copying fees, by writing the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520, or by electronic mail at publicinfo@sec.gov.
Pending Litigation and Regulatory Inquiries
The Fund is named as a defendant in an adversary proceeding in the Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of Florida. The complaint was filed on July 14, 2008 by the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of TOUSA, Inc., on behalf of certain subsidiaries of TOUSA, Inc. (the Conveying Subsidiaries), and filed as amended on October 17, 2008. The Committee made allegations against the Fund in two separate capacities: as Transeastern Lenders and as First Lienholders (collectively, the Lenders). The Transeastern Lenders loaned money to form a joint venture between TOUSA, Inc. and Falcone/Ritchie LLC. TOUSA, Inc. later repaid the loans from the Transeastern Lenders as part of a global settlement of claims against it. The repayment was financed using proceeds of new loans (the New Loans), for which the Conveying Subsidiaries conveyed first and second priority liens on their assets to two groups of lienholders (the First and Second Lienholders, collectively New Lenders). The Conveying Subsidiaries were not obligated on the original debt to the Transeastern Lenders. The Committee alleged, inter alia, that both the repayment to the Transeastern Lenders and the grant of liens to the First and Second Lienholders should be avoided as fraudulent transfers under the bankruptcy laws. More specifically, the Committee alleged: (1) that the Conveying Subsidiaries transfer of liens to secure the New Loans was a fraudulent transfer under 11 U.S.C. § 548 because the Conveying Subsidiaries were insolvent at the time of the transfer and did not receive reasonably equivalent value for the liens; and (2) that the Transeastern Lenders were, under 11 U.S.C. § 550, entities for whose benefit the liens were fraudulently transferred to the New Lenders. The case was tried in 2009 and on October 13, 2009, the Bankruptcy Court rendered a Final Judgment against the Lenders, which was later amended on October 30, 2009, requiring the Lenders to post bonds equal to 110% of the damages and disgorgement ordered against them. The Transeastern Lenders and First Lienholders separately appealed the decision to the District Court for the Southern District of Florida. On February 11, 2011, the District Court, issued an order in the Transeastern Lenders appeal that: 1) quashed the Bankruptcy Courts Order as it relates to the liability of the Transeastern Lenders; 2) made null and void the Bankruptcy Courts imposition of remedies as to the Transeastern Lenders; 3) discharged all bonds deposited by Transeastern Lenders, unless any further appeals are filed, in which case the bonds would remain in effect pending resolution of appeals; 4) dismissed as moot additional appeal proceedings of the Transeastern Lenders that were contingent upon the District Courts decision concerning liability; and 5) closed all District Court appeal proceedings concerning the Transeastern Lenders. The Committee appealed to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. In a
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decision filed on May 15, 2012, the Eleventh Circuit reversed the District Courts opinion, affirmed the liability findings of the Bankruptcy Court against the Transeastern Lenders, and remanded the case to the District Court to review the remedies ordered by the Bankruptcy Court. The District Court remanded to the bankruptcy court a question on the effect of the settlement with other parties on the Transeastern Lenders remedies obligations. On April 1, 2016, the Bankruptcy Court acknowledged that the Transeastern Lenders damages were reduced to $273 million from $505 million (as a result of the settlement by one of the Transeastern Lenders), but concluded that settlements with the New Lenders and others did not eliminate, reduce, or otherwise impact the disgorgement and damages owed by the non-settling Transeastern Lenders.
On March 8, 2017, the District Court adopted the Bankruptcy Courts report and recommendation on the impact of the interim settlements, holding that the settlement with the New Lenders and others had no impact on the remedial scheme, and that the settlement with one of the Transeastern Lenders reduced the liability of the non-settling Transeastern Lenders to $273 million. The Transeastern Lenders have appealed this decision. The First Lienholders, having paid their obligations under the bankruptcy plan, have been fully and finally released pursuant to a court order dated August 30, 2013.
Management of the Adviser and the Fund believe that the outcome of the proceedings described above will have no material adverse effect on the Fund or on the ability of the Adviser to provide ongoing services to the Fund.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
To the best knowledge of the Fund, the names and addresses of the record and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the Fund and the percentage of the outstanding shares held by such holders are set forth below. Unless otherwise indicated below, the Fund has no knowledge as to whether all or any portion of the shares owned of record are also owned beneficially.
A shareholder who owns beneficially 25% or more of the outstanding securities of a Fund is presumed to control that Fund as defined in the 1940 Act. Such control may affect the voting rights of other shareholders.
All information listed below is as of June 9, 2017.
Name and Address of Holder |
Class
of Shares |
Approximate
Percentage of Ownership on June 9, 2017 |
||||||
American Enterprise Inv Svc* |
A | 9.20 | % | |||||
707 2nd Ave S |
||||||||
Minneapolis, MN 55402-2405 |
||||||||
MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of Its Customers* |
A | 6.85 | % | |||||
4800 Deer Lake Dr. E, 2nd Floor |
C | 9.35 | % | |||||
Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484 |
IC | 5.58 | % | |||||
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney* |
A | 13.13 | % | |||||
1 New York Plz, Floor 12 |
C | 34.03 | % | |||||
New York, NY 10004-1901 |
IB | 34.43 | % | |||||
IC | 20.83 | % | ||||||
National Financial Services LLC* |
A | 9.24 | % | |||||
FEBO Customers Mutual Funds |
B | 9.50 | % | |||||
499 Washington Blvd, Fl 5 Fl 4 |
C | 8.08 | % | |||||
Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 |
IB | 6.26 | % | |||||
IC | 7.61 | % |
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Name and Address of Holder |
Class
of Shares |
Approximate
Percentage of Ownership on June 9, 2017 |
||||||
Pershing LLC* |
A | 10.35 | % | |||||
1 Pershing Plaza |
B | 7.58 | % | |||||
Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
C | 9.23 | % | |||||
Y | 29.80 | % | ||||||
IB | 6.60 | % | ||||||
IC | 8.45 | % | ||||||
UBS WM USA* |
A | 5.90 | % | |||||
Omni Account M/F |
IC | 5.26 | % | |||||
Apec Cdy A/C Excl Ben Cust UBSFSI |
||||||||
1000 Harbor Blvd |
||||||||
Weehawken, NJ 07086-6761 |
||||||||
Wells Fargo Clearing Services LLC* |
A | 17.66 | % | |||||
Special Custody Acct for the Exclusive Benefit of Customer |
B | 18.97 | % | |||||
2801 Market Street |
C | 11.17 | % | |||||
Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523 |
IB | 10.40 | % | |||||
IC | 12.46 | % | ||||||
Walter S Creasy |
B | 9.52 | % | |||||
Mary A Creasy JT WROS |
||||||||
Bridgewater, NJ 08807-1532 |
||||||||
Raymond James* |
B | 10.93 | % | |||||
Omnibus for Mutual Funds |
C | 7.57 | % | |||||
880 Carillon Parkway |
||||||||
St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1102 |
||||||||
LPL Financial* |
Y | 39.48 | % | |||||
Omnibus Customer Account |
||||||||
4707 Executive Drive |
||||||||
San Diego, CA 921213091 |
||||||||
Natixis * |
Y | 12.17 | % | |||||
c/o Fund Solutions Dept. |
||||||||
47 Quai DAusterlitz |
||||||||
Paris, France 75013 |
* | Shares held of record only. |
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the Adviser) is the Funds investment adviser. The Adviser is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. The Adviser is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. The Adviser, a successor in interest to multiple investment advisers, has been an investment adviser since 1976.
The Fund and the Adviser are parties to an investment advisory agreement (the Advisory Agreement). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund retains the Adviser to manage the investment of the Funds assets, including the placing of orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. The Adviser obtains and evaluates economic, statistical and financial information to formulate strategy and implement the Funds investment objective. The Adviser also furnishes offices, necessary facilities and equipment, renders periodic reports to the Funds Board of Trustees and permits its officers and employees to serve without compensation as trustees or officers of the Fund if elected to such positions. The Advisory Agreement also provides that the Adviser shall not be liable to the Fund for any
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error of judgment or of law, or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Advisory Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser may in its sole discretion from time to time waive all or a portion of the advisory fee or reimburse the Fund for all or a portion of its other expenses.
Investment Sub-Advisers
The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement (the Sub-Advisory Agreement) with certain affiliates to serve as sub-advisers to the Fund, pursuant to which these affiliated sub-advisers may be appointed by the Adviser from time to time to provide discretionary investment management services, investment advice, and/or order execution services to the Fund. These affiliated sub-advisers, each of which is a registered investment adviser under the 1940 Act are:
Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH;
Invesco Asset Management Ltd.;
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited;
Invesco Hong Kong Limited;
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.;
Invesco Canada Ltd.; (each a Sub-Adviser and collectively, the Sub-Advisers).
The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Invesco Ltd.
The only fees payable to the Sub-Advisers under the Sub-Advisory Agreement are for providing discretionary investment management services. For such services, the Adviser will pay each Sub-Adviser a fee, computed daily and paid monthly, equal to (i) 40% of the monthly compensation that the Adviser receives from the Fund, multiplied by (ii) the fraction equal to the net assets of such Fund as to which such Sub-Adviser shall have provided discretionary investment management services for that month divided by the net assets of such Fund for that month. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, this fee is reduced to reflect contractual or voluntary fee waivers or expense limitations by the Adviser, if any, in effect from time to time. In no event shall the aggregate monthly fees paid to the Sub-Advisers under the Sub-Advisory Agreement exceed 40% of the monthly compensation that the Adviser receives from the Fund pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, as reduced to reflect contractual or voluntary fees waivers or expense limitations by the Adviser, if any.
Advisory Fees
Fiscal Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Fiscal Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Fiscal Year Ended
February 28, 2015 |
|
|||||||||||||
The Fund paid the approximate advisory fees of |
$ | 7,346,215 | $ | 8,615,345 | $ | 10,777,904 |
The Administrator
The Adviser serves as the Funds administrator (in such capacity, the Administrator). The principal place of business of the Adviser is 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309.
The Fund pays all expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund including, but not limited to, direct charges relating to the purchase and sale of financial instruments in its portfolio, interest charges, service fees, distribution fees, fees and expenses of legal counsel and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, taxes and governmental fees, expenses (including clerical expenses) of issuance, sale or repurchase of any of the Funds portfolio holdings, expenses in connection with the Funds dividend reinvestments, membership fees in trade associations, expenses of registering and qualifying the Shares of the Fund for sale under federal and state securities laws, expenses of printing and distributing reports, notices and proxy materials to existing holders of Shares, expenses of filing reports and other documents filed with governmental agencies, expenses of annual and special meetings of holders of Shares, fees and disbursements of the transfer agents, custodians and sub-custodians, expenses of disbursing dividends and distributions, fees, expenses and out-of-pocket costs of trustees of the Fund who are not affiliated with the Adviser, insurance premiums, indemnification and other expenses not expressly provided for in the Advisory Agreement or the Administration Agreement and any extraordinary expenses of a nonrecurring nature.
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Administration Fees
Fiscal Year Ended
February 28, 2017 |
Fiscal Year Ended
February 29, 2016 |
Fiscal Year Ended
February 28, 2015 |
|
|||||||||||||
The Fund paid the approximate administrative fees of |
$ | 2,087,122 | $ | 2,462,072 | $ | 3,101,315 |
Portfolio Manager Fund Holdings and Information on Other Managed Accounts
Invescos portfolio managers develop investment models which are used in connection with the management of certain Invesco Funds as well as other mutual funds for which Invesco or an affiliate acts as sub-adviser, other pooled investment vehicles that are not registered mutual funds, and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals. The Investments chart reflects the portfolio managers investments in the funds that they manage. Accounts are grouped into three categories: (i) investments in the Funds shares beneficially owned by a portfolio manager, as determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (beneficial ownership includes ownership by a portfolio managers immediate family members sharing the same household); (ii) investments made either directly or through a deferred compensation or similar plan in Invesco pooled investment vehicle with the same or similar objectives and strategies as the Fund, and (iii) total investments made in any Invesco Fund or Invesco pooled investment vehicle. The Assets Managed chart reflects information regarding accounts other than the Funds for which each portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities. Accounts are grouped into three categories: (i) other registered investment companies, (ii) other pooled investment vehicles and (iii) other accounts. To the extent that any of these accounts pay advisory fees that are based on account performance (performance-based fees), information on those accounts is specifically noted. In addition, any assets denominated in foreign currencies have been converted into U.S. Dollars using the exchange rates as of the applicable date.
Investments
The following information is as of February 28, 2017:
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of
Investments in the Fund |
Dollar Range of
Investments in Invesco Pooled Investment Vehicles with the Same or Similar Objectives and Strategies as the Fund |
Dollar Range of
Investments in All Invesco Funds and Invesco Pooled Investment Vehicles |
|||
Scott Baskind |
$50,001 - $100,000 | N/A | Over $1,000,000 | |||
Thomas Ewald |
$10,001 - $50,000 | N/A | Over $1,000,000 | |||
Philip Yarrow |
$10,001 - $50,000 | N/A | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
Assets Managed
The following information is as of February 28, 2017:
Other Registered
Investment Companies Managed (assets in millions) |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles Managed (assets in millions) |
Other Accounts
Managed (assets in millions) (1) |
||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Number
of Accounts |
Assets |
Number
of Accounts |
Assets |
Number
of Accounts |
Assets | ||||||||||||||
Scott Baskind |
4 | $ | 14,223.6 | 3 | $ | 8,997.5 | 41 | $14,366.8 | ||||||||||||
Thomas Ewald |
3 | $ | 3,950.7 | 3 | $ | 8,997.5 | None | None | ||||||||||||
Philip Yarrow |
3 | $ | 5,348.7 | 3 | $ | 8,997.5 | None | None |
(1) | These are accounts of individual investors for which Invesco provides investment advice. Invesco offers separately managed accounts that are managed according to the investment models developed by its portfolio managers and used in connection with the management of certain Invesco Funds. These accounts may be invested in accordance with one or more of those investment models and investments held in those accounts are traded in accordance with the applicable models. |
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Potential Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple Funds and/or other accounts may be presented with one or more of the following potential conflicts:
| The management of multiple Funds and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each Fund and/or other account. The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser seek to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. |
| If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one Fund or other account, a Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible funds and other accounts. To deal with these situations, the Adviser, each Sub-Adviser and the Fund have adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts. |
| The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser determine which broker to use to execute each order for securities transactions for the Fund, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, for certain other accounts (such as mutual funds for which Invesco or an affiliate acts as sub-adviser, other pooled investment vehicles that are not registered mutual funds, and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, trades for the Fund in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than aggregated with, such other accounts. Having separate transactions with respect to a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the possible detriment of the Fund or other account(s) involved. |
| Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of one fund or account but not all Funds and accounts for which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities. |
The Adviser, each Sub-Adviser, and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Description of Compensation Structure
For the Adviser and each affiliated Sub-Adviser. The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser seek to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, an incentive bonus opportunity and an equity compensation opportunity. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed and may be modified each year as appropriate to reflect changes in the market, as well as to adjust the factors used to determine bonuses to promote competitive Fund performance. The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser evaluate competitive market compensation by reviewing compensation survey results conducted by an independent third party of investment industry compensation. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base Salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary. In setting the base salary, the Adviser and each Sub-Advisers intention is to be competitive in light of the particular portfolio managers experience and responsibilities.
Annual Bonus. The portfolio managers are eligible, along with other employees of the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser, to participate in a discretionary year-end bonus pool. The Compensation Committee of Invesco Ltd. reviews and approves the amount of the bonus pool available considering investment performance and financial results in its review. In addition, while having no direct impact on individual bonuses, assets under management are considered when determining the starting bonus funding levels. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus which is based on quantitative (i.e. investment performance) and non-quantitative factors (which may include, but are not limited to, individual performance, risk management and teamwork).
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Each portfolio managers compensation is linked to the pre-tax investment performance of the Funds/accounts managed by the portfolio manager as described in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Sub-Adviser |
Performance time period (1) |
|
Invesco (2) Invesco Deutschland Invesco Hong Kong (2) Invesco Asset Management |
One-, Three- and Five-year performance against Fund peer group. | |
Invesco- U.S. Real Estate Division (2),(3) Invesco Senior Secured (2),(4) |
Not applicable | |
Invesco Canada (2) |
One-year performance against Fund peer group.
Three- and Five-year performance against entire universe of Canadian funds. |
|
Invesco Japan (5) | One-, Three- and Five-year performance | |
Invesco PowerShares (6) | Not applicable |
(1) | Rolling time periods based on calendar year-end. |
(2) | Portfolio Managers may be granted an annual deferral award that vests on a pro-rata basis over a four year period and final payments are based on the performance of eligible Funds selected by the portfolio manager at the time the award is granted. |
(3) | Portfolio Managers for Invesco Global Infrastructure Fund, Invesco Global Real Estate Fund, Invesco MLP Fund, Invesco Real Estate Fund, Invesco Global Real Estate Income Fund and Invesco V.I. Global Real Estate Fund base their bonus on net operating profits of the U.S. Real Estate Division of Invesco. |
(4) | Invesco Senior Secureds bonus is based on annual measures of equity return and standard tests of collateralization performance. |
(5) | Portfolio Managers for Invesco Pacific Growth Funds compensation is based on the one-, three- and five-year performance against the appropriate Micropol benchmark. |
(6) | Portfolio Managers for Invesco PowerShares base their bonus on Invesco results as well as overall performance of Invesco PowerShares. |
High investment performance (against applicable peer group and/or benchmarks) would deliver compensation generally associated with top pay in the industry (determined by reference to the third-party provided compensation survey information) and poor investment performance (versus applicable peer group) would result in low bonus compared to the applicable peer group or no bonus at all. These decisions are reviewed and approved collectively by senior leadership which has responsibility for executing the compensation approach across the organization.
With respect to Invesco PowerShares, there is no policy regarding, or agreement with, the Portfolio Managers or any other senior executive of the Adviser to receive bonuses or any other compensation in connection with the performance of any of the accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers.
Deferred/Long-Term Compensation. Portfolio managers may be granted an annual deferral award that allows them to select receipt of shares of certain Invesco Funds with a four year pro-rata vesting period as well as common shares and/or restricted shares of Invesco Ltd. stock from pools determined from time to time by the Compensation Committee of Invesco Ltd.s Board of Directors. The vesting period aligns the interests of the Portfolio Managers with the long-term interests of clients and shareholders, and creates an incentive to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees.
The Fund has adopted a distribution plan (the Distribution Plan) with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares and Class C Shares and in so doing has agreed to comply with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act as if the Fund were an open-end investment company. The Fund also adopted a service plan (the Service Plan) with respect to each of its Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares. There is no Distribution Plan or Service Plan for the Class Y Shares or Class IB Shares and no Distribution Plan for Class IC Shares. The Distribution Plan and the Service Plan sometimes are referred to herein collectively as the
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Plans. A portion of the fees under the Plans applicable to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares are currently being waived by the Distributor as discussed in the Prospectus. The Plans provide that the Fund may spend a portion of the Funds average daily net assets attributable to each such class of Shares in connection with the distribution of the respective class of Shares and in connection with the provision of ongoing services to shareholders of such class, respectively. The Distribution Plan and the Service Plan are being implemented through the Distribution and Service Agreement with the Distributor of each such class of the Funds Shares, sub-agreements between the Distributor and members of FINRA who are acting as securities dealers and FINRA members or eligible non-members who are acting as brokers or agents and similar agreements between the Fund and financial intermediaries who are acting as brokers (collectively, Selling Agreements) that may provide for their customers or clients certain services or assistance, which may include, but not be limited to, processing purchase and repurchase transactions, establishing and maintaining shareholder accounts regarding the Fund, and such other services as may be agreed to from time to time and as may be permitted by applicable statute, rule or regulation. Brokers, dealers and financial intermediaries that have entered into sub-agreements with the Distributor and sell Shares of the Fund are referred to herein as financial intermediaries.
Certain financial intermediaries may be prohibited under law from providing certain underwriting or distribution services. If a financial intermediary was prohibited from acting in any capacity or providing any of the described services, the Distributor would consider what action, if any, would be appropriate. The Distributor does not believe that termination of a relationship with a financial intermediary would result in any material adverse consequences to the Fund.
The Distributor must submit quarterly reports to the Funds Board setting forth separately by class of Shares all amounts paid under the Distribution Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made, together with such other information as from time to time is reasonably requested by the trustees. The Plans provide that they will continue in full force and effect from year to year so long as such continuance is specifically approved by a vote of the trustees, and also by a vote of the disinterested trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plans. Each of the Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for the services described therein with respect to any class of Shares without approval by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting Shares of such class, and all material amendments to either of the Plans must be approved by the trustees and also by the disinterested trustees. Each of the Plans may be terminated with respect to any class of Shares at any time by a vote of a majority of the disinterested trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting Shares of such class.
For Class A Shares in any given year in which the Plans are in effect, the Plans generally provide for the Fund to pay the Distributor the lesser of (i) the amount of the Distributors actual expenses incurred during such year less any early withdrawal charges it received during such year (the actual net expenses) or (ii) the distribution and service fees at the rates specified in the Prospectus applicable to that class of shares (the plan fees). Therefore, to the extent the Distributors actual net expenses in a given year are less than the plan fees for such year, the Fund only pays the actual net expenses. Alternatively, to the extent the Distributors actual net expenses in a given year exceed the plan fees for such year, the Fund only pays the plan fees for such year. For Class A Shares, there is no carryover of any unreimbursed actual net expenses to succeeding years.
The Plans for Class B Shares and Class C Shares are similar to the Plans for Class A Shares, except that any actual net expenses which exceed plan fees for a given year are carried forward and are eligible for payment in future years by the Fund so long as the Plans remain in effect. Thus, for each of the Class B Shares and Class C Shares, in any given year in which the Plans are in effect, the Plans generally provide for the Fund to pay the Distributor the lesser of (i) the applicable amount of the Distributors actual net expenses incurred during such year for such class of Shares plus any actual net expenses from prior years that are still unpaid by the Fund for such class of Shares or (ii) the applicable plan fees for such class of Shares. Except as may be mandated by applicable law, the Fund does not impose any limit with respect to the number of years into the future that such unreimbursed actual net expenses may be carried forward (on a Fund level basis). These unreimbursed actual net expenses may or may not be recovered through plan fees or early withdrawal charges in future years.
Because of fluctuations in net asset value, the plan fees with respect to a particular Class B Share or Class C Share may be greater or less than the amount of the initial commission (including carrying cost) paid by the Distributor with respect to such Share. In such circumstances, a shareholder of a Share may be deemed to incur expenses attributable to other shareholders of such class.
As of February 28, 2017, there were approximately $292,678, $5,163, $1,182,530 and $69,335 of unreimbursed distribution-related expenses with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares, respectively, representing approximately 0.25%, 0.25%, 1.00% and 0.15% of the net assets attributable to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class IC Shares, respectively. If the Plans are terminated or not continued, the Fund would not be contractually obligated to pay the Distributor for any expenses not previously reimbursed by the Fund or recovered through early withdrawal charges.
For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Funds aggregate expenses paid under the Plans for Class A Shares were $292,678 or 0.25% of the Class A Shares average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Funds aggregate expenses paid under the Plans for Class B Shares were $5,163 or 0.25% of the Class B Shares average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Funds aggregate expenses paid under the Plans for Class C Shares were $1,182,530 or 1.00% of Class C Shares average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Funds aggregate expenses paid under the Service Plan for Class IC Shares were $69,335 or 0.15% of the Class IC Shares average daily net assets.
B-30
An estimate by category of the allocation of actual fees paid by Class A, Class B, Class C and Class IC Shares of the Fund during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 follows:
Advertising |
Printing &
Mailing |
Seminars |
Underwriters
Compensation |
Dealers
Compensation |
Personnel | Travel | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Invesco Senior Loan Fund |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 292,678 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Class B |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 5,163 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Class C |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 15,953 | $ | 1,164,361 | $ | 2,216 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Class IC |
$ | 3,262 | $ | 0 | $ | 816 | $ | 0 | $ | 36,707 | $ | 27,734 | $ | 816 |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION
With respect to interests in Senior Loans, the Fund generally will engage in privately negotiated transactions for purchase or sale in which the Adviser will negotiate on behalf of the Fund, although a more developed market may exist for certain Senior Loans. The Fund may be required to pay fees, or forgo a portion of interest and any fees payable to the Fund, to the Lender selling Participations or Assignments to the Fund. The Adviser will determine the Lenders from whom the Fund will purchase Assignments and Participations by considering their professional ability, level of service, relationship with the Borrower, financial condition, credit standards and quality of management. The illiquidity of many Senior Loans may restrict the ability of the Adviser to locate in a timely manner persons willing to purchase the Funds interests in Senior Loans at a fair price should the Fund desire to sell such interests. See Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund in the Prospectus. Affiliates of the Adviser may participate in the primary and secondary market for Senior Loans. Because of certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act, this may restrict the Funds ability to acquire some Senior Loans. The Adviser does not believe that this will have a material effect on the Funds ability to acquire Senior Loans consistent with its investment policies.
The Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of prices and any brokerage commissions on such transactions. While the Adviser will be primarily responsible for the placement of the Funds portfolio business, the policies and practices in this regard are subject to review by the Funds Board of Trustees.
The Adviser is responsible for placing portfolio transactions and does so in a manner deemed fair and reasonable to the Fund and not according to any formula. The primary consideration in all portfolio transactions is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at the most favorable price. In selecting broker-dealers and in negotiating prices and any brokerage commissions on such transactions, the Adviser considers the firms reliability, integrity and financial condition and the firms execution capability, the size and breadth of the market for the security, the size of and difficulty in executing the order, and the best net price. In selecting among firms, consideration may be given to those firms which supply research and other services in addition to execution services. The Adviser is authorized to pay higher commissions to brokerage firms that provide it with investment and research information than to firms which do not provide such services if the Adviser determines that such commissions are reasonable in relation to the overall services provided. In certain instances, the Adviser may instruct certain broker-dealers to pay for research services provided by executing brokers or third party research providers, which are selected independently by the Adviser. No specific value can be assigned to such research services which are furnished without cost to the Adviser. Since statistical and other research information is only supplementary to the research efforts of the Adviser to the Fund and still must be analyzed and reviewed by its staff, the receipt of research information is not expected to reduce its expenses materially. The investment advisory fee is not reduced as a result of the Advisers receipt of such research services. Services provided may include (a) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (b) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (c) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement and custody). When a particular item (such as proxy services) has both research and non-research related uses, the Adviser will make a reasonable allocation of the cost of the item between the research and non-research uses and may pay for the portion of the cost allocated to research uses with commissions. Research services furnished by firms through which the Fund effects its securities transactions may be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its advisory accounts and/or accounts managed by its affiliates that are registered investment advisers; not all of such services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Fund. To the extent that the Adviser receives these services from broker-dealers, it will not have to pay for these services itself.
The Adviser also may place portfolio transactions, to the extent permitted by law, with brokerage firms (and futures commission merchants) affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor and with brokerage firms participating in the distribution of the Funds Shares if it reasonably believes that the quality of execution and the commission are comparable to that available from other qualified firms. Similarly, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the same considerations on quality of execution and comparable commission rates, the Adviser may direct an executing broker to pay a portion or all of any commissions, concessions or discounts to a firm supplying research or other services.
B-31
The Adviser may place portfolio transactions at or about the same time for other advisory accounts, including other investment companies. The Adviser seeks to allocate portfolio transactions equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or sell securities for the Fund and another advisory account. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse effect on the price or the amount of securities available to the Fund. In making such allocations among the Fund and other advisory accounts, the main factors considered by the Adviser are the respective sizes of the Fund and other advisory accounts, the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held and opinions of the persons responsible for recommending the investment.
Certain broker-dealers (and futures commission merchants), through which the Fund may effect securities (or futures) transactions, are affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund or affiliated persons of such affiliates. The Funds Board of Trustees has adopted certain policies incorporating the standards of Rule 17e-1 issued by the SEC under the 1940 Act which require that the commissions paid to affiliates of the Fund must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities or instruments during a comparable period of time. The rule and procedures also contain review requirements and require the Adviser to furnish reports to the trustees and to maintain records in connection with such reviews. After consideration of all factors deemed relevant, the trustees will consider from time to time whether the advisory fee for the Fund will be reduced by all or a portion of the brokerage commission paid to affiliated brokers.
Unless otherwise described below, the Fund paid no commissions to affiliated brokers during the last three fiscal years. The Fund paid the following commissions to brokers during the fiscal years shown:
Commissions Paid: |
All
Brokers |
Affiliated
Brokers |
||||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 29, 2016 |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2015 |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2017 Percentages: |
||||||||
Commissions with affiliate to total commissions |
0 | % | ||||||
Value of brokerage transactions with affiliate to total transactions |
0 | % |
During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, the Fund paid no brokerage commissions to brokers selected primarily on the basis of research services provided to the Adviser.
The Fund offers a number of shareholder services designed to facilitate investment in its Shares at little or no extra cost to the investor. Below is a description of such services. The following information supplements the section in the Funds Prospectus captioned Shareholder Services.
Reinvestment Plan
A convenient way for investors to accumulate additional Shares is by reinvesting dividends and distributions in Shares of the Fund. Such Shares are acquired at net asset value per Share (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or distribution. Unless the shareholder instructs otherwise, with respect to Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class Y Shares, the reinvestment plan (the Plan) is automatic. This instruction may be made by visiting our web site at www.invesco.com/us by writing to Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (Invesco Investment Services) or by telephone by calling (800) 959-4246. With respect to Class IC Shares and Class IB Shares, previous instructions regarding reinvestment of dividends and distributions will continue to apply until such shareholder changes his or her instruction. The investor may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration, instruct that dividends and/or distributions be paid in cash, be reinvested in the Fund at the next determined net asset value or be reinvested in another Participating Fund (as defined in the Prospectus) at the next determined net asset value.
The agent for shareholders in administering the Plan maintains each shareholders account in the Plan and furnishes monthly written confirmations of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by shareholders for personal and tax records. Shares will be held in non-certificated form in the name of the participant, and each shareholders proxy will include those Shares purchased pursuant to the Plan. Any fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends and distributions will be paid by the Fund.
B-32
The automatic reinvestment of dividends and distributions will not relieve participants of any federal income tax that may be payable or required to be withheld on such dividends or distributions.
Experience under the Plan may indicate that changes are desirable. Accordingly, the Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan as applied to any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to written notice of the change sent to all shareholders of the Fund at least 90 days before the record date for the dividend or distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by the agent for shareholders administering the Plan by at least 90 days written notice to all shareholders of the Fund.
A shareholder may withdraw from the Plan at any time by contacting Invesco Investment Services at the address or telephone number set forth below. There is no penalty for non-participation in or withdrawal from the Plan, and shareholders who have previously withdrawn from the Plan may rejoin it at any time. Changes in elections should be directed to Invesco Investment Services and should include the name of the Fund and the shareholders name and address as registered. An election to withdraw from the Plan will, until such election is changed, be deemed to be an election by a shareholder to take all subsequent dividends and distributions in cash. Elections will only be effective for dividends and distributions declared after, and with a record date of at least ten days after, such elections are received by Invesco Investment Services. When a participant withdraws from the Plan or upon termination of the Plan as provided above, whole Shares credited to his or her account under the Plan will be issued and a cash payment will be made for any fraction of a Share credited to such account. All correspondence concerning the dividend reinvestment plan should be directed to the Invesco Investment Services, Inc., P.O. Box 4739, Houston, Texas 77210-4739. Please call (800) 959-4246 if you have questions regarding the Plan.
Retirement Plans
Eligible investors may establish individual retirement accounts (IRAs); SEP; SIMPLE IRAs; or other pension or profit sharing plans. Documents and forms containing detailed information regarding these plans are available from the Distributor.
Dividend Diversification
A Class A Shareholder, Class B Shareholder, Class C Shareholder or Class Y Shareholder may elect, by completing the appropriate section of the account application form or by calling (800) 959-4246, to have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into shares of the same class of any of the Participating Funds (as defined in the Prospectus) so long as the investor has a pre-existing account for such class of shares of the other fund. A Class IB or Class IC Shareholder may elect (or may modify a prior election), by completing the appropriate section of the account application form or by calling (800) 959-4246, to have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into Class A Shares of any of the Participating Funds (other than the Fund) so long as the investor has a pre-existing account for such class of shares of the other fund. A Class IB or Class IC Shareholder who prior to February 18, 2005 elected to utilize dividend diversification with respect to former Class B Shares (now Class IB Shares) or former Class C Shares (now Class IC Shares) of the Fund will have all dividends and distributions paid on such class of Shares of the Fund invested into the class of shares of the Participating Fund previously designated by such shareholder, unless such shareholder changes his or her election (the method of which is described above). Both accounts must be of the same type, either non-retirement or retirement. If the accounts are retirement accounts, they must both be of the same type of retirement plan (e.g., IRA, 403(b)(7), 401(k), Money Purchase and Profit Sharing plans) and for the benefit of the same individual. If a qualified, pre-existing account does not exist, the shareholder must establish a new account subject to any requirements of the Participating Fund into which distributions will be invested. Distributions are invested into the selected Participating Fund, provided that shares of such Participating Fund are available for sale, at its net asset value per share as of the payable date of the distribution from the Fund.
Reinstatement Privilege
A Class A Shareholder, Class B Shareholder, Class Y Shareholder, Class IB Shareholder or Class IC Shareholder who has tendered for repurchase Shares of the Fund may reinstate any portion or all of the net proceeds of such repurchase (and may include that amount necessary to acquire a fractional Share to round off his or her purchase to the next full Share) in Class A Shares of any Participating Fund. A Class C Shareholder who has tendered for repurchase Shares of the Fund may reinstate any portion or all of the net proceeds of such repurchase (and may include that amount necessary to acquire a fractional Share to round off his or her purchase to the next full Share) in Class C Shares of any Participating Fund with credit given for any early withdrawal charge paid on the amount of shares reinstated from such repurchase, provided that such shareholder has not previously exercised this reinstatement privilege with respect to Class C Shares of the Fund. Shares acquired in this manner will be deemed to have the original cost and purchase date of the repurchased Shares for purposes of applying the early withdrawal charge (if any) to subsequent repurchases. Reinstatements are made at the net asset value per Share (without a sales charge or early withdrawal charge) next determined after the order is received, which must be made within 180 days after the date of the repurchase, provided that shares of the Participating Fund into which shareholders desire to reinstate their net proceeds of a repurchase of Shares of the Fund are available for sale. Reinstatement at net asset value per Share is also offered to participants in eligible retirement plans for repayment of principal (and interest) on their borrowings on such plans, provided that Shares of the Participating Fund are available for sale. Any gain or loss realized by the shareholder upon repurchase of Shares is a taxable event regardless of whether the shareholder reinstates all or any portion of the net proceeds of the repurchase. Any such loss may be disallowed, to the extent of the reinstatement, under the so-called wash sale rules if the reinstatement occurs within 30 days after such repurchase. In that event, the shareholders tax basis in the Shares acquired pursuant to the reinstatement will be increased by the amount of the disallowed loss, and the shareholders holding period for such Shares will include the holding period for the repurchased shares.
B-33
The net asset value per share of the Funds shares is determined by calculating the total value of the Funds assets, deducting its total liabilities, and dividing the result by the number of Shares outstanding.
Senior Loans will be valued by the Fund following valuation guidelines established and periodically reviewed by the Funds Board of Trustees. Under the valuation guidelines, Senior Loans and securities for which reliable market quotes are readily available are valued at the mean of such bid and ask quotes and all other Senior Loans, securities and assets of the Fund are valued at fair value in good faith following procedures established by the Board of Trustees.
Short-term obligations held by the Fund that mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, if their original term to maturity when acquired by the Fund was 60 days or less, or are valued at amortized cost using their value on the 61st day prior to maturity, if their original term to maturity when acquired by the Fund was more than 60 days, unless in each case this is determined not to represent fair value. Repurchase agreements will be valued at cost plus accrued interest.
EARLY WITHDRAWAL CHARGE CLASS A
As described in the Funds Prospectus under Purchase of Shares Class A Shares, there is no sales charge payable on Class A Shares at the time of purchase on investments of $1 million or more, but an early withdrawal charge (EWC Class A) may be imposed on certain repurchases made within eighteen months of purchase. For purposes of the EWC Class A, when shares of a Participating Fund are exchanged for shares of another Participating Fund, the purchase date for the shares acquired by exchange will be assumed to be the date on which shares were purchased in the fund from which the exchange was made. If the exchanged shares themselves are acquired through an exchange, the purchase date is assumed to carry over from the date of the original election to purchase shares subject to an EWC Class A rather than a front-end load sales charge. In determining whether an EWC Class A is payable, it is assumed that Shares being repurchased first are any Shares in the shareholders account not subject to an EWC Class A followed by Shares held the longest in the shareholders account. The EWC Class A is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value or the cost of the Shares being repurchased. Accordingly, no EWC Class A is imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. In addition, no EWC Class A is assessed on Shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or distributions.
WAIVER OF EARLY WITHDRAWAL CHARGES
As described in the Funds Prospectus under Repurchase of Shares, repurchases of Class B Shares and Class C Shares will be subject to an early withdrawal charge (EWC Class B and C). The EWC Class A (defined above) and EWC Class B and C are waived on repurchases in the circumstances described below:
Repurchase Upon Death or Disability
The Fund will waive the EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C on repurchases following the death or disability of a Class A Shareholder, a Class B Shareholder or a Class C Shareholder. An individual will be considered disabled for this purpose if he or she meets the definition thereof in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), which in pertinent part defines a person as disabled if such person is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or to be of long-continued and indefinite duration. While the Fund does not specifically adopt the balance of the Codes definition which pertains to furnishing the Secretary of Treasury with such proof as he or she may require, the Distributor will require satisfactory proof of death or disability before it determines to waive the EWC Class A or the EWC Class B and C.
In cases of death or disability, the EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C will be waived where the decedent or disabled person is either an individual shareholder or owns the Shares as a joint tenant with right of survivorship or is the beneficial owner of a custodial or fiduciary account, and where the repurchase is made within one year of the death or initial determination of disability. This waiver of the EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C applies to a total or partial repurchase, but only to a repurchase of Shares held at the time of the death or initial determination of disability.
B-34
Repurchase in Connection with Certain Distributions from Retirement Plans
The Fund will waive the EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C when a total or partial repurchase is made in connection with certain distributions from retirement plans. The EWC Class B and C will be waived upon the tax-free rollover or transfer of assets to another retirement plan invested in one or more Participating Funds; in such event, as described below, the Fund will tack the period for which the original Shares were held on to the holding period of the Shares acquired in the transfer or rollover for purposes of determining what, if any, EWC Class A or EWC Class B and C is applicable in the event that such acquired Shares are repurchased following the transfer or rollover. The EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C also will be waived on any repurchase which results from the return of an excess contribution or other contribution pursuant to Code Section 408(d)(4) or (5), the return of excess contributions or excess deferral amounts pursuant to Code Section 401(k)(8) or 402(g)(2) or the financial hardship of the employee pursuant to U.S. Treasury regulation Section 1.401(k)-1(d)(2). In addition, the EWC Class A and the EWC Class B and C will be waived on any minimum distribution required to be distributed in accordance with Code Section 401(a)(9).
The Fund does not intend to waive the EWC Class A or the EWC Class B and C for any distributions from IRAs or other retirement plans not specifically described above.
No Initial Commission or Transaction Fee
The Fund will waive the EWC Class A in circumstances under which no commission or transaction fee is paid to authorized dealers at the time of purchase of Class A Shares. The Fund will waive the EWC Class B and C in certain 401(k) plans in circumstances under which no commission or transaction fee is paid to authorized dealers at the time of purchase of Class B Shares and Class C Shares.
Taxation of the Fund
The following discussion and the taxation discussion in the Prospectus are summaries of certain federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. The discussions reflect applicable federal income tax laws of the United States as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, which tax laws may be changed or subject to new interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) retroactively or prospectively. These discussions assume that the Funds shareholders hold their Shares as capital assets for federal income tax purposes (generally, assets held for investment). No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders, and the discussions set forth herein and in the Prospectus do not constitute tax advice. No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS regarding any matter discussed herein. Counsel to the Fund has not rendered any legal opinion regarding any tax consequences relating to the Fund or its shareholders. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position different from any of the tax aspects summarized below. Shareholders must consult their own tax advisers regarding the federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund as well as state, local and foreign tax considerations and any proposed tax law changes.
The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must comply with certain requirements of the Code relating to, among other things, the sources of its income and diversification of its assets.
The Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from the following sources: (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies; and (b) interests in publicly traded partnerships that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that derive less than 90% of their gross income from the items described in clause (a) above (each, a Qualified Publicly Traded Partnership) (the Income Requirement).
The Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the market value of the Funds total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies) of (I) any one issuer, (II) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships (the Asset Diversification Test).
B-35
If the Fund so qualifies and distributes each year to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally including ordinary income and net short-term capital gain, but not net capital gain, which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and meets certain other requirements, it will not be required to pay federal income taxes on any income it distributes to shareholders. The Fund intends to distribute at least the minimum amount necessary to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement. The Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on any net capital gain distributed to shareholders and designated as capital gain dividends.
To avoid a nondeductible 4% excise tax, the Fund will be required to distribute, by December 31st of each year, at least an amount equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the latter of which generally is computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31st of such year), and (iii) any amounts that were not distributed in previous taxable years. For purposes of the excise tax, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by, and subject to federal income tax in the hands of, the Fund will be treated as having been distributed.
If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, the Fund would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on its taxable income (even if such income were distributed to its shareholders) and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed to shareholders as ordinary dividend income eligible for the reduced maximum rates for qualified dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (which could be subject to interest charges) before requalifying for taxation as a regulated investment company. Subject to savings provisions for certain inadvertent failures to satisfy the Income Requirement or Asset Diversification Test which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more.
Some of the Funds investment practices may be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, including the dividends received deduction, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and/or (vii) produce income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the annual gross income requirement that the Fund must meet to be treated as a regulated investment company. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections or take other actions to mitigate the effect of these provisions and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
Investments of the Fund in securities issued at a discount or providing for deferred interest or payment of interest in kind are subject to special tax rules that will affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. For example, with respect to securities issued at a discount, the Fund generally will be required to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount and to distribute such income each year to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and to avoid income and excise taxes. To generate sufficient cash to make the distributions necessary to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid income and excise taxes, the Fund may have to borrow money and/or dispose of securities that it would otherwise have continued to hold.
Income from investments in foreign securities received by the Fund may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions. Such taxes will not be deductible or creditable by shareholders. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes.
Certain non-corporate U.S. shareholders whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare tax on their net investment income, which includes dividends received from the Fund and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of the Funds Shares.
As discussed under the heading Risks Borrower Credit Risk in the Prospectus, the Fund may acquire Senior Loans of Borrowers that are experiencing, or are likely to experience, financial difficulty, including Senior Loans of Borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Investments in Senior Loans that are at risk of or in default may present special tax issues for the Fund. Federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and interest and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund, in the event that they arise with respect to Senior Loans it owns, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to federal income or excise tax.
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The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a net capital loss (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Funds net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Funds next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Funds net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Funds next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. However, for any net capital losses realized in taxable years of the Fund beginning on or before December 22, 2010, the Fund is permitted to carry forward such capital losses for eight years as a short-term capital loss. Capital losses arising in a taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 must be used before capital losses realized in a taxable year beginning on or before December 22, 2010. The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% change in ownership of the Fund. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or more of the Fund increase their aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate (or, in the case of those realized in taxable years of the Fund beginning on or before December 22, 2010, to expire), thereby reducing the Funds ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to the Funds shareholders could result from an ownership change. The Fund undertakes no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and redemptions or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another fund. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond the Funds control, there can be no assurance that the Fund will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change.
Distributions to Shareholders
Distributions of the Funds investment company taxable income are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Funds earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Distributions of the Funds net capital gains designated as capital gain dividends, if any, are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time Shares have been held by such shareholders, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Distributions in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a shareholders Shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to such shareholder.
Current law provides for reduced federal income tax rates on (1) long-term capital gains received by individuals and certain other non-corporate taxpayers and (2) qualified dividend income received by individuals and certain other non-corporate taxpayers from certain domestic and foreign corporations. Fund shareholders, as well as the Fund itself, must also satisfy certain holding period and other requirements in order for such reduced rates for qualified dividend income dividends to apply. Because the Fund intends to invest primarily in Senior Loans and other senior debt securities, ordinary income dividends paid by the Fund generally will not be eligible for the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividend income. To the extent that distributions from the Fund are designated as capital gain dividends, such distributions will be eligible for the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gains. Distributions from the Fund generally will not be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction. The Fund will inform shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.
Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares issued by the Fund will be treated for federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of the Shares received, determined as of the distribution date. The tax basis of such Shares will equal their fair market value on the distribution date.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, dividends declared in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such month and paid during January of the following year, will be treated as having been distributed by the Fund and received by the shareholders on the December 31st prior to the date of payment. In addition, certain other distributions made after the close of a taxable year of the Fund may be spilled back and generally treated as paid by the Fund (except for purposes of the nondeductible 4% excise tax) during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distribution was actually made.
Sale of Shares
The sale or exchange of Shares in connection with a repurchase of shares, as well as certain other transfers, will be a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes. Except as discussed below, selling shareholders will generally recognize capital gain or capital loss in an amount equal to the difference between their adjusted tax basis in the Shares sold and the amount received. Any loss recognized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received with respect to such Shares. For purposes of determining whether Shares have been held for six months or less, the holding period is suspended for any periods during which the shareholders risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more other positions in substantially similar or related property or through certain options or short sales.
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The sale of Shares pursuant to a repurchase offer will be a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes, either as a sale or exchange or, under certain circumstances, as a dividend. Under the Code, a sale of Shares pursuant to a repurchase offer generally will be treated as a sale or exchange if the receipt of cash by the shareholder: (a) results in a complete redemption of the shareholders interest in the Fund, (b) is substantially disproportionate with respect to the shareholder or (c) is not essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect to the shareholder. In determining whether any of these tests has been met, Shares actually owned, as well as Shares considered to be owned by the shareholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Code, generally must be taken into account. If any of these three tests for sale or exchange treatment is met, a shareholder will recognize capital gain or capital loss equal to the difference between the amount of cash received by the shareholder pursuant to the repurchase offer and the tax basis of the Shares sold.
If none of the tests set forth in the Code is met, amounts received by a shareholder who sells Shares pursuant to the repurchase offer will be taxable to the shareholder as a dividend to the extent of such shareholders allocable share of the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits. No part of such a dividend would constitute qualified dividend income eligible for reduced federal income tax rates. The excess of such amounts received over the portion that is taxable as a dividend would constitute a non-taxable return of capital (to the extent of the shareholders tax basis in the Shares sold pursuant to the repurchase offer). Any amounts in excess of the shareholders tax basis would constitute taxable gain. Thus, a shareholders tax basis in the Shares sold will not reduce the amount of the dividend. Any remaining tax basis in the Shares tendered to the Fund will be transferred to any remaining Shares held by such shareholder.
The Fund is required to report to shareholders and the IRS annually on Form 1099-B the cost basis of shares purchased or acquired on or after January 1, 2012 where the cost basis of the shares is known by the Fund (referred to as covered shares) and that are disposed of after that date. However, cost basis reporting is not required for certain shareholders, including shareholders investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. When required to report cost basis, the Fund will calculate it using the Funds default method, unless the shareholder instructs the Fund to use a different calculation method. For additional information regarding the Funds available cost basis reporting methods, including its default method, shareholders should contact the Fund. If a shareholder holds their Fund shares through a broker (or other nominee), the shareholder should contact that broker (nominee) with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their account.
Withholding on Payments to Non-U.S. Shareholders
For purposes of this and the following paragraphs, a Non-U.S. Shareholder shall include any shareholder that is not a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and who is not:
| an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| an estate, the income of which is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| a trust that (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. fiduciaries who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A Non-U.S. Shareholder generally will be subject to withholding of federal income tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate), rather than backup withholding (discussed below), on dividends from the Fund (other than capital gain dividends) that are not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder, provided that the shareholder furnishes to the Fund a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E certifying the shareholders non-United States status.
If the income from the Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a Non-US Shareholder, distributions to such shareholder will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the distribution, subject to certain exemptions including those for dividends reported by the Fund to shareholders as:
| capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains (other than those from disposition of a U.S. real property interest), unless you are a nonresident alien present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year; and |
| interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends. |
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However, the Fund does not intend to utilize the exemptions for interest-related dividends paid and short-term capital gain dividends paid. Moreover, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your Fund Shares, will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person. See Backup Withholding and Information Reporting below.
If income from the Fund or gains recognized from the sale of Shares are effectively connected with a Non-U.S. Shareholders U.S. trade or business, then such amounts will not be subject to the 30% withholding described above, but rather will be subject to federal income tax on a net basis at the tax rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents or domestic corporations. To establish that income from the Fund or gains recognized from the sale of Shares are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, a Non-U.S. Shareholder must provide the Fund with a properly completed IRS Form W-8ECI certifying that such amounts are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Shareholders U.S. trade or business. Non-U.S. Shareholders that are corporations may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax with respect to income from the Fund that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.
The tax consequences to a Non-U.S. Shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described in this section. To claim tax treaty benefits, Non-U.S. Shareholders will be required to provide the Fund with a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E certifying their entitlement to the benefits. In addition, in certain cases where payments are made to a Non-U.S. Shareholder that is a partnership or other pass-through entity, both the entity and the persons holding an interest in the entity will need to provide certification. For example, an individual Non-U.S. Shareholder who holds Shares in the Fund through a non-U.S. partnership must provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty. Non-U.S. Shareholders are advised to consult their advisers with respect to the tax implications of purchasing, holding and disposing of Shares of the Fund.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), the Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on the following payments or distributions made by the Fund to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities, that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts: (a) income dividends and (b) after December 31, 2018, certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA or similar laws. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of the Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.
Backup Withholding
The Fund may be required to withhold federal income tax (backup withholding) from dividends and proceeds from the repurchase of Shares paid to non-corporate shareholders. This tax may be withheld from dividends paid to a shareholder (other than a Non-U.S. Shareholder that properly certifies its non-United States status) if (i) the shareholder fails to properly furnish the Fund with its correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder has failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect or (iii) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify that the taxpayer identification number provided is correct, that the shareholder is not subject to backup withholding and that the shareholder is a U.S. person (as defined for federal income tax purposes). Repurchase proceeds may be subject to backup withholding under the circumstances described in (i) above.
Generally, dividends paid to Non-U.S. Shareholders that are subject to the 30% federal income tax withholding described above under Withholding on Payments to Non-U.S. Shareholders are not subject to backup withholding. To avoid backup withholding on capital gain dividends and gross proceeds from the repurchase of Shares, Non-U.S. Shareholders must provide a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E certifying their non-United States status.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from payments made to a shareholder may be refunded or credited against such shareholders federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished timely to the IRS.
Information Reporting
The Fund must report annually to the IRS and to each shareholder (other than a Non-U.S. Shareholder that properly certifies its non-United States status) the amount of dividends from investment company taxable income and capital gains and repurchase proceeds paid to such shareholder and the amount, if any, of tax withheld pursuant to backup withholding rules with respect to such amounts. In the case of a Non-U.S. Shareholder, the Fund must report to the IRS and such Shareholder the amount of dividends from investment company taxable income and capital gains and repurchase proceeds paid that are subject to withholding (including backup withholding, if any) and the amount of tax withheld, if any, with respect to such amounts. This information may also be made available to the tax authorities in the Non-U.S. Shareholders country of residence.
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Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Voting Record
The Board believes that the voting of proxies on securities held by the Fund is an important element of the overall investment process. The Board has delegated the day-to-day responsibility to the Adviser to vote such proxies pursuant to the Board approved Proxy Voting Policy. Attached hereto as Appendix B is the Proxy Voting Policy which is currently in effect as of the date of this SAI.
The Proxy Voting Policy is subject to change over time and investors seeking the most current copy of the Proxy Voting Policy should go to our web site at www.invesco.com/us. The Funds most recent proxy voting record for the twelve-month period ended June 30 which has been filed with the SEC is also available without charge on our web site at www.invesco.com/us. The Funds proxy voting record is also available without charge on the SECs web site at www.sec.gov.
Custodian, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, is the custodian of the Fund and has custody of the securities and cash of the Fund. The custodian, among other things, attends to the collection of principal and income and payment for and collection of proceeds of securities bought and sold by the Fund. State Street Bank and Trust Company also will perform certain accounting services for the Fund pursuant to the fund accounting agreement between it and the Fund. Invesco Investment Services Inc., P.O. Box 219078, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9078 is the dividend disbursing agent and transfer agent of the Fund. The transfer agency fees are determined through negotiations with the Fund and are approved by the Funds Board of Trustees. The transfer agency fees are based on competitive benchmarks.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
An independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund performs an annual audit of the Funds financial statements and performs other related audit services. The Funds Board has engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at 1000 Louisiana Street, Suite 5800, Houston, Texas 77002-5678, to be the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. In connection with the audit of the 2016 financial statements, the Fund entered into an engagement letter with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The terms of the engagement letter required by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and agreed to by the Funds Audit Committee, include a provision mandating the use of mediation and arbitration to resolve any controversy or claim between the parties arising out of or relating to the engagement letter or the services provided thereunder.
Legal Counsel
Legal Counsel to the Fund is Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, located at 2005 Market Street, Suite 2600, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-7018.
The audited financial statements of the Fund, including the Financial Highlights pertaining thereto, and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to shareholders of the Fund dated February 28, 2017. The Annual Report is included as part of the Funds filing on Form N-CSR as filed with the SEC on May 8, 2017. The Annual Report may be obtained by following the instructions on the cover of this SAI. The Annual and Semi-Annual Reports may be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, DC or on the EDGAR database on the SECs internet site (www.sec.gov). Information on the operation of the SECs Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SECs e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-1520. The portions of such Annual Report that are not specifically listed above are not incorporated by reference into this SAI and are not a part of this Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP informed the Trust that it has identified an issue related to its independence under Rule 2-01(c)(1)(ii)(A) of Regulation S-X (referred to as the Loan Rule). The Loan Rule prohibits accounting firms, such as PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, from being deemed independent if they have certain financial relationships with their audit clients or certain affiliates of those clients. The Trust is required under various securities laws to have its financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm.
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The Loan Rule specifically provides that an accounting firm would not be independent if it or certain affiliates and covered persons receives a loan from a lender that is a record or beneficial owner of more than ten percent of an audit clients equity securities (referred to as a more than ten percent owner). For purposes of the Loan Rule, audit clients include the Funds as well as all registered investment companies advised by the Adviser and its affiliates, including other subsidiaries of the Advisers parent company, Invesco Ltd. (collectively, the Invesco Fund Complex). PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP informed the Trust it and certain affiliates and covered persons have relationships with lenders who hold, as record owner, more than ten percent of the shares of certain funds within the Invesco Fund Complex, which may implicate the Loan Rule.
On June 20, 2016, the SEC Staff issued a no-action letter to another mutual fund complex (see Fidelity Management & Research Company et al., No-Action Letter) related to the audit independence issue described above. In that letter, the SEC confirmed that it would not recommend enforcement action against a fund that relied on audit services performed by an audit firm that was not in compliance with the Loan Rule in certain specified circumstances. In connection with prior independence determinations, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP communicated, as contemplated by the no-action letter, that it believes that it remains objective and impartial and that a reasonable investor possessing all the facts would conclude that PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is able to exhibit the requisite objectivity and impartiality to report on the Funds financial statements as the independent registered public accounting firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP also represented that it has complied with PCAOB Rule 3526(b)(1) and (2), which are conditions to the Funds relying on the no action letter, and affirmed that it is an independent accountant within the meaning of PCAOB Rule 3520. Therefore, the Adviser, the Funds and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP concluded that PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP could continue as the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. The Invesco Fund Complex relied upon the no-action letter in reaching this conclusion.
If in the future the independence of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is called into question under the Loan Rule by circumstances that are not addressed in the SECs no-action letter, the Funds will need to take other action in order for the Funds filings with the SEC containing financial statements to be deemed compliant with applicable securities laws. Such additional actions could result in additional costs, impair the ability of the Funds to issue new shares or have other material adverse effects on the Funds. In addition, the SEC has indicated that the no-action relief will expire 18 months from its issuance after which the Invesco Funds will no longer be able to rely on the letter unless its term is extended or made permanent by the SEC Staff.
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RATINGS OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following is a description of the factors underlying the debt ratings of Moodys, S&P, and Fitch.
Moodys Long-Term Debt Ratings
Aaa: | Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk. |
Aa: | Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. |
A: | Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. |
Baa: | Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. |
Ba: | Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk. |
B: | Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk. |
Caa: | Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. |
Ca: | Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. |
C: | Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. |
Note: Moodys applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Moodys Short-Term Prime Rating System
P-1: | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. |
P-2: | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. |
P-3: | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations. |
NP (Not Prime):
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories. |
Moodys MIG/VMIG US Short-Term Ratings
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
While the global short-term prime rating scale is applied to US municipal tax-exempt commercial paper, these programs are typically backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities and their short-term prime ratings usually map to the long-term rating of the enhancing bank or financial institution and not to the municipalitys rating. Other short-term municipal obligations, which generally have different funding sources for repayment, are rated using two additional short-term rating scales (i.e., the MIG and VMIG scales discussed below).
The Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale is used to rate US municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuers long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levelsMIG 1 through MIG 3while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG.
MIG 1: | This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. |
A-1
MIG 2: | This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample although not as large as in the preceding group. |
MIG 3: | This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established. |
SG: | This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection. |
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (demand feature). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scale. VMIG ratings of demand obligations with unconditional liquidity support are mapped from the short-term debt rating (or counterparty assessment) of the support provider, or the underlying obligor in the absence of third party liquidity support, with VMIG 1 corresponding to P-1, VMIG 2 to P-2, VMIG 3 to P-3 and SG to not prime. For example, the VMIG rating for an industrial revenue bond with Company XYZ as the underlying obligor would normally have the same numerical modifier as Company XYZs prime rating. Transitions of VMIG ratings of demand obligations with conditional liquidity support, as show in the diagram below, differ from transitions on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuers long-term rating drops below investment grade.
VMIG 1 : | This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand. |
VMIG 2: | This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand. |
VMIG 3 : | This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand. |
SG : | This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand. |
Standard & Poors Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings analysis of the following considerations:
| The likelihood of payment the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on a financial obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
| The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise we impute; and |
| The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors rights. |
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA: | An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. |
AA: | An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. |
A-2
A: | An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. |
BBB: | An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
BB, B, CCC, CC and C:
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: | An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
B: | An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CCC: | An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
CC: | An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. |
C: | An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. |
D: | An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. |
Plus (+) or minus (-):
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR: | This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P Global Ratings does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. |
Standard & Poors Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1: | A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. |
A-2: | A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. |
A-3: | A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
A-3
B: | A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
C: | A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
D: | A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. |
Standard & Poors Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings Definitions
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings analysis will review the following considerations:
| Amortization schedule the larger final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
| Source of payment the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1: | Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. |
SP-2: | Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. |
SP-3: | Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest. |
Standard & Poors Dual Ratings
Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, AAA/A-1+ or A-1+/A-1). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, SP-1+/A-1+).
Fitch Credit Rating Scales
Fitch Ratings credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. The agencys credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss. For information about the historical performance of ratings please refer to Fitchs Ratings Transition and Default studies which detail the historical default rates and their meaning. The European Securities and Markets Authority also maintains a central repository of rating default rates.
Fitch Ratings credit ratings do not directly address any risk other than credit risk. In particular, ratings do not deal with the risk of a market value loss on a rated security due to changes in interest rates, liquidity and other market considerations. However, in terms of payment obligation on the rated liability, market risk may be considered to the extent that it influences the ability of an issuer to pay upon a commitment. Ratings nonetheless do not reflect market risk to the extent that they influence the size or other conditionality of the obligation to pay upon a commitment (for example, in the case of index-linked bonds).
A-4
In the default components of ratings assigned to individual obligations or instruments, the agency typically rates to the likelihood of non-payment or default in accordance with the terms of that instruments documentation. In limited cases, Fitch Ratings may include additional considerations (i.e., rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligations documentation). In such cases, the agency will make clear the assumptions underlying the agencys opinion in the accompanying rating commentary.
The primary credit rating scales may be used to provide a credit opinion of privately issued obligations or certain note issuance programs. The primary credit rating scales may also be used to provide a credit opinion of a more narrow scope, including interest strips and return of principal.
The terms investment grade and speculative grade have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories AAA to BBB (investment grade) and BB to D (speculative grade). The terms investment grade and speculative grade are market conventions, and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.
A designation of Not Rated or NR is used to denote securities not rated by Fitch where Fitch has rated some, but not all, securities comprising an issuance capital structure. Fitch Ratings credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. The agencys credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
The terms investment grade and speculative grade have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories AAA to BBB (investment grade) and BB to D (speculative grade). The terms investment grade and speculative grade are market conventions, and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.
A designation of Not Rated or NR is used to denote securities not rated by Fitch where Fitch has rated some, but not all, securities comprising an issuance capital structure.
Fitch Long-Term Rating Scales
Issuer Credit Rating Scales
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies, and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs opine on an entitys relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agencys view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default. For historical information on the default experience of Fitch-rated issuers, please consult the transition and default performance studies available from the Fitch Ratings website.
Country Ceilings
Country Ceilings are expressed using the symbols of the long-term issuer primary credit rating scale and relate to sovereign jurisdictions also rated by Fitch Ratings on the Issuer Default Rating scale. They reflect the agencys judgment regarding the risk of capital and exchange controls being imposed by the sovereign authorities that would prevent or materially impede the private sectors ability to convert local currency into foreign currency and transfer to non-resident creditors transfer and convertibility (TandC) risk. As such, they are not ratings, but expressions of a maximum limit for the foreign currency issuer ratings of most, but not all, issuers in a given country. Given the close correlation between sovereign credit and TandC risks, the Country Ceiling may exhibit a greater degree of volatility than would normally be expected when it lies above the sovereign foreign currency rating.
A-5
AAA: | Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. |
AA: | Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events. |
A: | High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. |
BBB: | Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. |
BB: | Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments. |
B: | Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment. |
CCC: | Substantial credit risk. Default is a real possibility. |
CC: | Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable. |
C: | Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a C category rating for an issuer include: |
a. | the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; |
b. | the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or |
c. | Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of RD or D to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange. |
RD: | Restricted default. RD ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: |
a. | the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; |
b. | the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; |
c. | the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ord. execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. |
D: | Default. D ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business. |
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations, within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
Imminent default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agencys opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuers financial obligations or local commercial practice.
A-6
Notes: The modifiers + or may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA Long-Term IDR category, or to Long-Term IDR categories below B.
Fitch Short-Term Rating Scales
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: | Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature. |
F2: | Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. |
F3: | Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate. |
B: | Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. |
C: | High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility. |
RD: | Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only. |
D: | Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation. |
A-7
PROXY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
BB-1
Invescos Policy Statement on Global Corporate
Governance and Proxy Voting
The Adviser and each sub-adviser rely on this policy. In addition, Invesco Advisers, Inc., Invesco Asset Management Limited, Invesco Canada Ltd., Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited, Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH and Invesco PowerShares Capital Management LLC have also adopted operating guidelines and procedures for proxy voting particular to each regional investment center. Such guidelines and procedures are attached hereto.
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Invescos Policy Statement on Global Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting |
I. |
Guiding Principles and Philosophy |
Public companies hold shareholder meetings, attended by the companys executives, directors, and shareholders, during which important issues, such as appointments to the companys board of directors, executive compensation, and auditors, are addressed and where applicable, voted on. Proxy voting gives shareholders the opportunity to vote on issues that impact the companys operations and policies without being present at the meetings.
Invesco views proxy voting as an integral part of its investment management responsibilities and believes that the right to vote proxies should be managed with the same high standards of care and fiduciary duty to its clients as all other elements of the investment process. Invescos proxy voting philosophy, governance structure and process are designed to ensure that proxy voles are cast in accordance with clients best interests, which Invesco interprets to mean clients best economic interests, this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of Invescos regional investment centers.
Invesco investment teams vote proxies on behalf of Invesco-sponsored funds and non-fund advisory clients that have explicitly granted Invesco authority in writing to vote proxies on their behalf.
The proxy voting process at Invesco, which is driven by investment professionals, Focuses on maximizing long-term value for our clients, protecting clients rights and promoting governance structures and practices that reinforce the accountability of corporate management and boards of directors to shareholders. Invesco takes a nuanced approach to voting and, therefore, many matters to be voted upon are reviewed on a case by case basis.
Votes in favor of board or management proposals should not be interpreted as an indication of insufficient consideration by lnvesco fund managers. Such votes may reflect the outcome of past or ongoing engagement and active ownership by Invesco with representatives of the companies in which we invest.
II. |
Applicability of this Policy |
This Policy sets forth the framework of Invescos corporate governance approach, broad philosophy and guiding principles that inform the proxy voting practices of Invescos investment teams around the world. Given the different nature of these teams and their respective investment processes, as well as the significant differences in regulatory regimes and market practices across jurisdictions, not all aspects of this Policy may apply to all Invesco investment teams at all times. In the case of a conflict between this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of a regional investment center the latter will control.
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III. |
Proxy Voting for Certain Fixed Income, Money Market Accounts and Index |
For proxies held by certain client accounts managed in accordance with fixed income, money market and index strategies (including exchange traded funds), lnvesco will typically vote in line with the majority holder of the active-equity shares held by Invesco outside of those strategies (Majority Voting). In this manner Invesco seeks to leverage the active-equity expertise and comprehensive proxy voting reviews conducted by teams employing active-equity strategies, which typically incorporate analysis of proxy issues as a core component of the investment process. Portfolio managers for accounts employing Majority Voting still retain full discretion to override Majority Voting and to vote the shares as they determine to be in the best interest of those accounts, absent certain types of conflicts of interest, which are discussed elsewhere in this Policy.
IV. |
Conflicts of Interest |
There may be occasions where voting proxies may present a real or perceived conflict of interest between Invesco, as investment manager, and one or more of Invescos clients or vendors. Under Invescos Code of Conduct, Invesco entities and individuals are strictly prohibited from putting personal benefit, whether tangible or intangible, before the interests of clients. Personal benefit includes any intended benefit for Invesco, oneself or any other individual, company, group or organization of any kind whatsoever, except a benefit for the relevant lnvesco client.
Firm-level Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest may exist if Invesco has a material business relationship with, or is actively soliciting business from, either the company soliciting a proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote (e.g., issuers that are distributors of Invescos products, or issuers that employ lnvesco to manage portions of their retirement plans or treasury accounts). Invescos proxy governance team maintains a list of all such issuers for which a conflict of interest exists.
If the proposal that gives rise to the potential conflict is specifically addressed by this Policy or the operating guidelines and procedures of the relevant regional investment center, Invesco generally will vote the proxy in accordance therewith. Otherwise, based on a majority vote of its members, the Global IPAC (as described below) will vote the proxy.
Because this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of each regional investment center are pre-determined and crafted to be in the best economic interest of clients, applying them to vote client proxies should, in most instances, adequately resolve any potential conflict of interest. As an additional safeguard, persons from Invescos marketing, distribution and other customer-facing functions may not serve on the Global IPAC. For the avoidance of doubt, Invesco may not consider Invesco Ltd.s pecuniary interest when voting proxies on behalf of clients.
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Personal Conflicts of Interest
A conflict also may exist where an Invesco employee has a known personal relationship with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors, or candidates for directorships.
All Invesco personnel with proxy voting responsibilities are required to report any known personal conflicts of interest regarding proxy issues with which they are involved. In such instances, the individual(s) with the conflict will be excluded from the decision-making process relating to such issues.
Other Conflicts of Interest
In order to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest, Invesco will not vote proxies issued by, or related to matters involving, Invesco Ltd. that may be held in client accounts from time to time. 1 Shares of an Invesco-sponsored fund held by other lnvesco funds will be voted in the same proportion as the votes of external shareholders of the underlying fund.
V. |
Use of Third-Party Proxy Advisory Services |
Invesco may supplement its internal research with information from third-parties, such as proxy advisory firms. However, Invesco generally retains full and independent discretion with respect to proxy voting decisions.
As part of its fiduciary obligation to clients, Invesco performs extensive initial and ongoing due diligence on the proxy advisory firms it engages. This includes reviews of information regarding the capabilities of their research staffs and internal controls, policies and procedures, including those relating to possible conflicts of interest. In addition, lnvesco regularly monitors and communicates with these firms and monitors their compliance with Invescos performance and policy standards.
VI. |
Global Proxy Voting Platform and Administration |
Guided by its philosophy that investment teams should manage proxy voting, Invesco has created the Global lnvesco Proxy Advisory Committee (Global IPAC). The Global IPAC is a global investments-driven committee comprised of representatives from various investment management teams and Invescos Global Head of Proxy Governance and Responsible Investment (Head of Proxy Governance). The Global IPAC provides a forum for investment teams to monitor, understand and discuss key proxy issues and voting trends within the lnvesco complex. Absent a conflict of interest, the Global IPAC representatives, in consultation with the respective investment team, are responsible for voting proxies for the securities the team manages (unless such responsibility is explicitly delegated to the portfolio managers of the securities in question) In addition to the Global IPAC, for some clients, third parties (e.g., U.S. mutual fund boards) provide oversight of the proxy process. The Global IPAC and Invescos
1 | Generally speaking, Invesco does not invest for its clients in the shares of Invesco Ltd., however, limited exceptions apply in the case of funds or accounts designed to track an index that includes Invesco Ltd. as a component. |
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proxy administration and governance team, compliance and legal teams regularly communicate and review this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of each regional investment center to ensure that they remain consistent with clients best interests, regulatory requirements, governance trends and industry best practices.
Invesco maintains a proprietary global proxy administration platform, known as the fund manager portal and supported by the Head of Proxy Governance and a dedicated team of internal proxy specialists. The platform streamlines the proxy voting and ballot reconciliation processes, as well as related functions, such as share blocking and managing conflicts of interest issuers. Managing these processes internally, as opposed to relying on third parties, gives Invesco greater quality control, oversight and independence in the proxy administration process.
The platform also includes advanced global reporting and record-keeping capabilities regarding proxy matters that enable Invesco to satisfy client, regulatory and management requirements. Historical proxy voting information, including commentary by investment professionals regarding the votes they cast, where applicable, is stored to build institutional knowledge across the Invesco complex with respect to individual companies and proxy issues. Certain investment teams also use the platform to access third-party proxy research.
VII. |
Non-Votes |
In the great majority of instances, Invesco is able to vote proxies successfully. However, in certain circumstances Invesco may refrain from voting where the economic or other opportunity costs of voting exceeds any anticipated benefits of that proxy proposal. In addition, there may be instances in which Invesco is unable to vote all of its clients proxies despite using commercially reasonable efforts to do so. For example:
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Invesco may not receive proxy materials from the relevant fund or client custodian with sufficient time and information to make an informed independent voting decision. In such cases, Invesco may choose not to vote, to abstain from voting, to vote in line with management or to vote in accordance with proxy advisor recommendations. These matters are left to the discretion of the fund manager. |
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If the security in question is on loan as part of a securities lending program, lnvesco may determine that the benefit to the client of voting a particular proxy is outweighed by the revenue that would be lost by terminating the loan and recalling the securities. |
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In some countries the exercise of voting rights imposes temporary transfer restrictions on the related securities (share blocking). Invesco generally refrains from voting proxies in share-blocking countries unless Invesco determines that the benefit to the client(s) of voting a specific proxy outweighs the clients temporary inability to sell the security. |
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Some companies require a representative to attend meetings in person in order to vote a proxy. In such cases, Invesco may determine that the costs of sending a representative or signing a power-of-attorney outweigh the benefit of voting a particular proxy. |
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VIII. |
Proxy Voting Guidelines |
The following guidelines describe Invescos general positions on various common proxy voting issues. This list is not intended to be exhaustive or prescriptive. As noted above, Invescos proxy process is investor-driven, and each fund manager retains ultimate discretion to vote proxies in the manner they deem most appropriate, consistent with Invescos proxy voting principles and philosophy discussed in Sections I through IV. Individual proxy votes therefore will differ from these guidelines from time to time.
A. |
Shareholder Access and Treatment of Shareholder Proposals |
Invesco reviews on a case by case basis but generally votes in favor of proposals that would increase shareholders opportunities to express their views to boards of directors, proposals that would lower barriers to shareholder action, and proposals to promote the adoption of generally accepted best practices in corporate governance, provided that such proposals would not require a disproportionate amount of management attention or corporate resources or otherwise that may inappropriately disrupt the companys business and main purpose. usually set out in their reporting disclosures and business model. Likewise, Invesco reviews on a case by case basis but generally votes for shareholder proposals that are designed to protect shareholder rights if a companys corporate governance standards indicate that such additional protections are warranted (for example, where minority shareholders rights are not adequately protected).
B. |
Environmental, Social and Corporate Responsibility Issues |
Invesco believes that a companys long-term response to environmental, social and corporate responsibility issues can significantly affect its long-term shareholder value. We recognize that to manage a corporation effectively, directors and management may consider not only the interests of shareholders, but also the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, creditors and the local community, among others. While Invesco generally affords management discretion with respect to the operation of a companys business, Invesco will evaluate such proposals on a case by case basis and will vote proposals relating to these issues in a manner intended to maximize long-term shareholder value.
C. | Capitalization Structure Issues |
i. |
Stock Issuances |
Invesco generally supports a boards decisions about the need for additional capital stock to meet ongoing corporate needs, except where the request could adversely affect Invesco clients ownership stakes or voting rights. Some capitalization proposals, such as those to authorize common or preferred stock with special voting rights or to issue additional stock in connection with an acquisition, may require additional analysis. lnvesco generally opposes proposals to authorize classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend or other rights (blank check stock) when they appear to be intended as an anti-takeover mechanism; such issuances may be supported when used for general financing purposes.
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ii. |
Stock Splits |
Invesco generally supports a boards proposal to increase common share authorization for a stock split, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in excessive dilution given the companys industry and performance in terms of shareholder returns.
iii. |
Share Repurchases |
lnvesco generally supports a boards proposal to institute open-market share repurchase plans only if all shareholders participate on an equal basis.
D. | Corporate Governance Issues |
i. Board of Directors
1. |
Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections |
Subject to the other considerations described below, in an uncontested director election for a company without a controlling shareholder, lnvesco generally votes in favor of the director slate if it is comprised of at least a majority of independent directors and if the boards key committees are fully independent, effective and balanced. Key committees include the audit, compensation/remuneration and governance/nominating committees. lnvescos standard of independence excludes directors who, in addition to the directorship, have any material business or family relationships with the companies they serve.
2. |
Director Nominees in Contested Elections |
Invesco recognizes that short-term investment sentiments influence the corporate governance landscape and may influence companies in Invesco clients portfolios and more broadly across the market. Invesco recognizes that short-term investment sentiment may conflict with long-term value creation and as such looks at each proxy contest matter on a case by case basis, considering factors such as:
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Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry, |
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Managements track record, |
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Background to the proxy contest, |
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Qualifications of director nominees (both slates), |
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Evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders as well as the likelihood that the proposed objectives and goals can be met, and |
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Stock ownership positions in the company. |
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3. |
Director Accountability |
Invesco generally withholds votes from directors who exhibit a lack of accountability to shareholders. Examples include, without limitation, poor attendance (less than 75%, absent extenuating circumstances) at meetings, failing to implement shareholder proposals that have received a majority of votes and/or by adopting or approving egregious corporate-governance or other policies. In cases of material financial restatements, accounting fraud, habitually late filings, adopting shareholder rights plan (poison pills) without shareholder approval, or other areas of poor performance, Invesco may withhold votes from some or all of a companys directors. In situations where directors performance is a concern, Invesco may also support shareholder proposals to take corrective actions such as so-called clawback provisions.
4. |
Director Independence |
lnvesco generally supports proposals to require a majority of directors to be independent unless particular circumstances make this not Feasible or in the best interests of shareholders, We generally vote for proposals that would require the boards audit, compensation/remuneration, and/or governance/nominating committees to be composed exclusively of independent directors since this minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest.
5. |
Director Indemnification |
Invesco recognizes that individuals may be reluctant to serve as corporate directors if they are personally liable for all related lawsuits and legal costs. As a result, reasonable limitations on directors liability can benefit a company and its shareholders by helping to attract and retain qualified directors while preserving recourse for shareholders in the event of misconduct by directors, Invesco, therefore, generally supports proposals to limit directors liability and provide indemnification and/or exculpation, provided that the arrangements are limited to the director acting honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and, in criminal matters, are limited to the director having reasonable grounds for believing the conduct was lawful.
6. |
Separate Chairperson and CEO |
Invesco evaluates these proposals on a case by case basis, recognizing that good governance requires either an independent chair or a qualified, proactive, and lead independent director.
Voting decisions may take into account, among other factors, the presence or absence of:
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a designated lead director, appointed from the ranks of the independent board members, with an established term of office and clearly delineated powers and duties; |
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a majority of independent directors; |
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completely independent key committees; |
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committee chairpersons nominated by the independent directors; |
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CEO performance reviewed annually by a committee of independent directors; and |
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established governance guidelines. |
7. |
Majority/Supermajority/Cumulative Voting for Directors |
The right to elect directors is the single most important mechanism shareholders have to promote accountability. Invesco generally votes in favor of proposals to elect directors by a majority vote. Except in cases where required by law in the jurisdiction of incorporation or when a company has adopted formal governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard, Invesco generally votes against actions that would impose any supermajority voting requirement. and generally supports actions to dismantle existing supermajority requirements.
The practice of cumulative voting can enable minority shareholders to have representation on a companys board. Invesco generally opposes such proposals as unnecessary where the company has adopted a majority voting standard. However, Invesco generally supports proposals to institute the practice of cumulative voting at companies whose overall corporate-governance standards indicate a particular need to protect the interests of minority shareholders.
8. |
Staggered Boards/Annual Election of Directors |
Invesco generally supports proposals to elect each director annually rather than electing directors to staggered multi-year terms because annual elections increase a boards level of accountability to its shareholders.
9. |
Board Size |
lnvesco believes that the number of directors is an important factor to consider when evaluating the boards ability to maximize long-term shareholder value. Invesco approaches proxies relating to board size on a case by case basis but generally will defer to the board with respect to determining the optimal number of board members, provided that the proposed board size is sufficiently large to represent shareholder interests and sufficiently limited to remain effective.
10. |
Term Limits for Directors |
lnvesco believes it is important for a board of directors to examine its membership regularly with a view to ensuring that the company continues to benefit from a diversity of director viewpoints and experience. We generally believe that an individual boards nominating committee is best positioned to determine whether director term limits would be an appropriate measure to help achieve these goals and, if so, the nature of such limits.
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ii. Audit Committees and Auditors
1. |
Qualifications of Audit Committee and Auditors |
Invesco believes a companys Audit Committee has a high degree of responsibility to shareholders in matters of financial disclosure, integrity of the financial statements and effectiveness of a companys internal controls. Independence. experience and financial expertise are critical elements of a well-functioning Audit Committee. When electing directors who are members of a companys Audit Committee, or when ratifying a companys auditors, Invesco considers the past performance of the Audit Committee and holds its members accountable for the quality of the companys financial statements and reports.
2. |
Auditor Indemnifications |
A companys independent auditors play a critical role in ensuring and attesting to the integrity of the companys financial statements. It is therefore essential that they perform their work in accordance with the highest standards. Invesco generally opposes proposals that would limit the liability of or indemnify auditors because doing so could serve to undermine this obligation.
3. |
Adequate Disclosure of Auditor Fees |
Understanding the fees earned by the auditors is important for assessing auditor independence. Invescos support for the re-appointment of the auditors will take into consideration the availability of adequate disclosure concerning the amount and nature of audit versus non-audit fees. Invesco generally will support proposals that call for this disclosure if it is not already being made.
E. |
Remuneration and Incentives |
Invesco believes properly constructed compensation plans that include equity ownership are effective in creating incentives that induce management and employees of portfolio companies to create greater shareholder wealth. Invesco generally supports equity compensation plans that promote the proper alignment of incentives with shareholders long-term interests! and generally votes against plans that are overly dilutive to existing shareholders, plans that contain objectionable structural features. and plans that appear likely to reduce the value of the clients investment.
i. Independent Compensation/Remuneration Committee
Invesco believes that an independent, experienced and well-informed compensation/remuneration committee is critical to ensuring that a companys remuneration practices align with shareholders interests and, therefore, generally supports proposals calling for a compensation/remuneration committee to be comprised solely of independent directors.
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ii. Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation
Invesco believes that an independent compensation/remuneration committee of the board, with input from management, is generally best positioned to determine the appropriate components and levels of executive compensation, as well as the appropriate frequency of related shareholder advisory votes. This is particularly the case where shareholders have the ability to express their views on remuneration matters through annual votes for or against the election of the individual directors who comprise the compensation/remuneration committee. Invesco, therefore, generally will support managements recommendations with regard to the components and levels of executive compensation and the frequency of shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation. However, Invesco will vote against such recommendations where Invesco determines that a companys executive remuneration policies are not properly aligned with shareholder interests or may create inappropriate incentives for management.
iii. Equity Based Compensation Plans
Invesco generally votes against plans that contain structural features that would impair the alignment of incentives between shareholders and management. Such features include, without limitation, the ability to reprice or reload options without shareholder approval, the ability to issue options below the stocks current market price, or the ability to replenish shares automatically without shareholder approval.
iv. Severance Arrangements
lnvesco considers proposed severance arrangements (sometimes known as golden parachute arrangements) on a case-by-case basis due to the wide variety among their terms. Invesco acknowledges that in some cases such arrangements, if reasonable, may be in shareholders best interests as a method of attracting and retaining high quality executive talent. lnvesco generally votes in favor of proposals requiring advisory shareholder ratification of senior executives severance agreements while generally opposing proposals that require such agreements to be ratified by shareholders in advance of their adoption.
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v. Claw Back Provisions
lnvesco generally supports so called claw back policies intended to recoup remuneration paid to senior executives based upon materially inaccurate financial reporting (as evidenced by later restatements) or fraudulent accounting or business practices.
vi. Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Invesco generally supports employee stock purchase plans that are reasonably designed to provide proper incentives to a broad base of employees, provided that the price at which employees may acquire stock represents a reasonable discount from the market price.
F. |
Anti-Takeover Defenses; Reincorporation |
Measures designed to protect a company from unsolicited bids can adversely affect shareholder value and voting rights, and they have the potential to create conflicts of interests among directors, management and shareholders. Such measures include adopting or renewing shareholder rights plans (poison pills), requiring supermajority voting on certain corporate actions, classifying the election of directors instead of electing each director to an annual term, or creating separate classes of common or preferred stock with special voting rights. In determining whether to support a proposal to add, eliminate or restrict anti-takeover measures, Invesco will examine the particular elements of the proposal to assess the degree to which it would adversely affect shareholder rights of adopted. Invesco generally supports shareholder proposals directing companies to subject their anti-takeover provisions to a shareholder vote. Invesco generally opposes payments by companies to minority shareholders intended to dissuade such shareholders from pursuing a takeover or other changes (sometimes known as greenmail) because these payments result in preferential treatment of some shareholders over others.
Reincorporation involves re-establishing the company in a different legal jurisdiction. Invesco generally will vote for proposals to reincorporate a company provided that the board and management have demonstrated sound financial or business reasons for the move. Invesco generally will oppose proposals to reincorporate if they are solely part of an anti-takeover defense or intended to limit directors liability.
11
Proxy Guidelines
for
Invesco Advisers, Inc.
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
Applicable to | All Advisory Clients, including the Invesco Funds | |
Risk Addressed by the Guidelines | Breach of fiduciary duty to client under Investment Advisers Act of 1940 by placing Invescos interests ahead of clients best interests in voting proxies | |
Relevant Law and Other Sources | U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended | |
Last ☒ Reviewed ☒ Revised by Compliance for Accuracy |
April 19, 2016 | |
Guideline Owner | U.S. Compliance and Legal | |
Policy Approver | Invesco Advisers, Inc., Invesco Funds Board | |
Approved/Adopted Date | May 3-4, 2016 |
The following guidelines apply to all institutional and retail funds and accounts that have explicitly authorized Invesco Advisers, Inc. (Invesco) to vote proxies associated with securities held on their behalf (collectively, Clients).
A. INTRODUCTION
Invesco Ltd. (IVZ), the ultimate parent company of Invesco, has adopted a global policy statement on corporate governance and proxy voting (the Invesco Global Proxy Policy). The policy describes IVZs views on governance matters and the proxy administration and governance approach. Invesco votes proxies by using the framework and procedures set forth in the Invesco Global Proxy Policy, while maintaining the Invesco-specific guidelines described below.
B. PROXY VOTING OVERSIGHT: THE MUTUAL FUNDS BOARD OF TRUSTEES
In addition to the Global Invesco Proxy Advisory Committee, the Invesco mutual funds board of trustees provides oversight of the proxy process through quarterly reporting and an annual in-person presentation by Invescos Global Head of Proxy Governance and Responsible Investment.
C. USE OF THIRD PARTY PROXY ADVISORY SERVICES
Invesco has direct access to third-party proxy advisory analyses and recommendations (currently provided by Glass Lewis (GL) and Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (ISS)), among other research tools, and uses the information gleaned from those sources to make independent voting decisions.
Invescos proxy administration team performs extensive initial and ongoing due diligence on the proxy advisory firms that it engages. When deemed appropriate, representatives from the proxy advisory firms are asked to deliver updates directly to the mutual funds board of trustees. Invesco conducts semi-annual, in-person policy roundtables with key heads of research from ISS and GL to ensure transparency, dialogue and engagement with the firms. These meetings provide Invesco with an opportunity to assess the firms capabilities, conflicts of interest and service levels, as well as provide investment professionals with direct insight into the advisory firms stances on key governance and proxy topics and their policy framework/methodologies. Invescos proxy administration team also reviews the annual SSAE 16 reports for, and the periodic proxy guideline updates published by, each proxy advisory firm to ensure that their guidelines remain consistent with Invescos policies and procedures. Furthermore, each proxy advisory firm completes an annual due diligence questionnaire submitted by Invesco, and Invesco conducts on-site due diligence at each firm, in part to discuss their responses to the questionnaire.
If Invesco becomes aware of any material inaccuracies in the information provided by ISS or GL, Invescos proxy administration team will investigate the matter to determine the cause, evaluate the adequacy of the proxy advisory firms control structure and assess the efficacy of the measures instituted to prevent further errors.
ISS and GL provide updates to previously issued proxy reports when necessary to incorporate newly available information or to correct factual errors. ISS also has a Feedback Review Board, which provides a mechanism for stakeholders to communicate with ISS about issues related to proxy voting and policy formulation, research, and the accuracy of data contained in ISS reports.
D. PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
The following guidelines describe Invescos general positions on various common proxy issues. The guidelines are not intended to be exhaustive or prescriptive. Invescos proxy process is investor-driven, and each portfolio manager retains ultimate discretion to vote proxies in the manner that he or she deems to be the most appropriate, consistent with the proxy voting principles and philosophy discussed in the Invesco Global Proxy Policy. Individual proxy votes therefore will differ from these guidelines from time to time.
I. |
Corporate Governance |
Management teams of companies are accountable to the boards of directors and directors of publicly held companies are accountable to shareholders. Invesco endeavors to vote the proxies of companies in a manner that will reinforce the notion of a boards accountability. Consequently, Invesco generally votes against any actions that would impair the rights of shareholders or would reduce shareholders influence over the board.
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The following are specific voting issues that illustrate how Invesco applies this principle of accountability.
Elections of directors
In uncontested director elections for companies that do not have a controlling shareholder, Invesco generally votes in favor of slates if they are comprised of at least a majority of independent directors and if the boards key committees are fully independent. Key committees include the audit, compensation and governance or nominating Committees. Invescos standard of independence excludes directors who, in addition to the directorship, have any material business or family relationships with the companies they serve. Contested director elections are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Director performance
Invesco generally withholds votes from directors who exhibit a lack of accountability to shareholders, either through their Level of attendance at meetings or by adopting or approving egregious corporate-governance or other policies. In cases of material financial restatements, accounting fraud, habitually late filings, adopting shareholder rights plan (poison pills) without shareholder approval, or other areas of poor performance, Invesco may withhold votes from some or all of a companys directors. In situations where directors performance is a concern, Invesco may also support shareholder proposals to take corrective actions, such as so-called clawback provisions.
Auditors and Audit Committee members
Invesco believes a companys audit committee has a high degree of responsibility to shareholders in matters of financial disclosure, integrity of the financial statements and effectiveness of a companys internal controls. Independence, experience and financial expertise are critical elements of a well-functioning audit committee. When electing directors who are members of a companys audit committee, or when ratifying a companys auditors, Invesco considers the past performance of the committee and holds its members accountable for the quality of the companys financial statements and reports.
Majority standard in director elections
The right to elect directors is the single most important mechanism shareholders have to promote accountability. Invesco supports the nascent effort to reform the U.S. convention of electing directors, and generally votes in favor of proposals to elect directors by a majority vote.
Staggered Boards/Annual Election of Directors
Invesco generally supports proposals to elect each director annually rather than electing directors to staggered multi-year terms because annual elections increase a boards level of accountability to its shareholders.
Supermajority voting requirements
Unless required by law in the state of incorporation, Invesco generally votes against actions that would impose any supermajority voting requirement, and generally supports actions to dismantle existing supermajority requirements.
Responsiveness of Directors
Invesco generally withholds votes for directors who do not adequately respond to shareholder proposals that were approved by a majority of votes cast the prior year.
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Cumulative voting
The practice of cumulative voting can enable minority shareholders to have representation on a companys board, Invesco generally supports proposals to institute the practice of cumulative voting at companies whose overall corporate-governance standards indicate a particular need to protect the interests of minority shareholders.
Proxy access
Invesco generally supports shareholders nominations of directors in the proxy statement and ballot because it increases the accountability of the board to shareholders. Invesco will generally consider the proposed minimum period of ownership (e.g., three years), minimum ownership percentage (e.g., three percent), limitations on a proponents ability to aggregate holdings with other shareholders and the maximum percentage of directors who can be nominated when determining how to vote on proxy access proposals.
Shareholder access
On business matters with potential financial consequences, Invesco generally votes in favor of proposals that would increase shareholders opportunities to express their views to boards of directors, proposals that would lower barriers to shareholder action and proposals to promote the adoption of generally accepted best practices in corporate governance. Furthermore, Invesco generally votes for shareholder proposals that are designed to protect shareholder rights if a companys corporate governance standards indicate that such additional protections are warranted.
Exclusive Forum
Invesco generally supports proposals that would designate a specific jurisdiction in company bylaws as the exclusive venue for certain types of shareholder lawsuits in order to reduce costs arising out of multijurisdidional litigation.
II. | Compensation and Incentives |
Invesco believes properly constructed compensation plans that include equity ownership are effective in creating incentives that induce management and employees of companies to create greater shareholder wealth. Invesco generally supports equity compensation plans that promote the proper alignment of incentives with shareholders long-term interests, and generally votes against plans that are overly dilutive to existing shareholders, plans that contain objectionable structural features, and plans that appear likely to reduce the value of the Clients investment.
Following are specific voting issues that illustrate how Invesco evaluates incentive plans.
Executive compensation
Invesco evaluates executive compensation plans within the context of the companys performance under the executives tenure. Invesco believes independent compensation committees are best positioned to craft executive-compensation plans that are suitable for their company-specific circumstances. Invesco views the election of independent compensation committee members as the appropriate mechanism for shareholders to express their approval or disapproval of a companys compensation practices. Therefore, Invesco generally does not support shareholder proposals to limit or eliminate certain forms of executive compensation. In the interest of reinforcing the notion of a compensation committees accountability to shareholders, Invesco generally supports proposals requesting that companies subject each years compensation record to an advisory shareholder vote, or so-called say on pay proposals.
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Equity-based compensation plans
Invesco generally votes against plans that contain structural features that would impair the alignment of incentives between shareholders and management. Such features include the ability to reprice or reload options without shareholder approval, the ability to issue options below the stocks current market price, or the ability automatically to replenish shares without shareholder approval.
Employee stock-purchase plans
Invesco generally supports employee stock-purchase plans that are reasonably designed to provide proper incentives to a broad base of employees, provided that the price at which employees may acquire stock is at most a 15 percent discount from the market price.
Severance agreements
Invesco generally votes in favor of proposals requiring advisory shareholder ratification of executives severance agreements. However, Invesco generally opposes proposals requiring such agreements to be ratified by shareholders in advance of their adoption. Given the vast differences that may occur in these agreements, some severance agreements are evaluated on an individual basis.
III. | Capitalization |
Examples of management proposals related to a companys capital structure include authorizing or issuing additional equity capital, repurchasing outstanding stock, or enacting a stock split or reverse stock split. On requests for additional capital stock, Invesco analyzes the companys stated reasons for the request. Except where the request could adversely affect the Clients ownership stake or voting rights, Invesco generally supports a boards decisions on its needs for additional capital stock. Some capitalization proposals require a case-by-case analysis. Examples of such proposals include authorizing common or preferred stock with special voting rights, or issuing additional stock in connection with an acquisition.
IV. | Mergers, Acquisitions and Other Corporate Actions |
Issuers occasionally require shareholder approval to engage in certain corporate actions such as mergers, acquisitions, name changes, dissolutions, reorganizations, divestitures and reincorporations and the votes for these types of corporate actions are generally determined on a case-by-case basis.
V. | Anti-Takeover Measures |
Practices designed to protect a company from unsolicited bids can adversely affect shareholder value and voting rights, and they potentially create conflicts of interests among directors, management and shareholders. Except under special issuer-specific circumstances, Invesco generally votes to reduce or eliminate such measures. These measures include adopting or renewing poison pills, requiring supermajority voting on certain corporate actions, classifying the election of directors instead of electing each director to an annual term, or creating separate classes of common or preferred stock with special voting rights. Invesco generally votes against management proposals to impose these types of measures, and generally votes for shareholder proposals designed to reduce such measures. Invesco generally supports shareholder proposals directing companies to subject their anti-takeover provisions to a shareholder vote.
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VI. | Environmental, Social and Corporate Responsibility Issues |
Invesco believes that a companys response to environmental, social and corporate responsibility issues and the risks attendant to them can have a significant effect on its long-term shareholder value. Invesco recognizes that to manage a corporation effectively, directors and management must consider not only the interest of shareholders, but also the interests of employees, customers, suppliers and creditors, among others. While Invesco generally affords management discretion with respect to the operation of a companys business, Invesco will evaluate such proposals on a case-by-case basis and will vote proposals relating to these issues in a manner intended to maximize long-term shareholder value.
VII. | Routine Business Matters |
Routine business matters rarely have the potential to have a material effect on the economic prospects of Clients holdings, so Invesco generally supports a boards discretion on these items. However, Invesco generally votes against proposals where there is insufficient information to make a decision about the nature of the proposal. Similarly, Invesco generally votes against proposals to conduct other unidentified business at shareholder meetings.
D. | EXCEPTIONS |
Client Maintains Right to Vote Proxies
In the case of institutional or sub-advised Clients, Invesco will vote the proxies in accordance with these guidelines and the Invesco Global Proxy Policy, unless the Client retains in writing the right to vote or the named fiduciary of a Client (e.g., the plan sponsor of an ERISA Client) retains in writing the right to direct the plan trustee or a third party to vote proxies.
Voting for Certain Investment Strategies
For cash sweep investment vehicles selected by a Client but for which Invesco has proxy voting authority over the account and where no other Client holds the same securities, Invesco will vote proxies based on ISS recommendations.
Funds of Funds
Some Invesco Funds offering diversified asset allocation within one investment vehicle own shares in other Invesco Funds. A potential conflict of interest could arise if an underlying Invesco Fund has a shareholder meeting with any proxy issues to be voted on, because Invescos asset-allocation funds or target-maturity funds may be large shareholders of the underlying fund. In order to avoid any potential for a conflict, the asset-allocation funds and target maturity funds vote their shares in the same proportion as the votes of the external shareholders of the underlying fund.
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F. | POLICIES AND VOTE DISCLOSURE |
A copy of these guidelines, the Invesco Global Proxy Policy and the voting record of each Invesco Retail Fund are available on Invescos web site, www.invesco.com . In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, all Invesco Funds file a record of all proxy-voting activity for the prior 12 months ending June 30th. That filing is made on or before August 31st of each year. In the case of institutional and sub-advised Clients, Clients may contact their client service representative to request information about how Invesco voted proxies on their behalf. Absent specific contractual guidelines, such requests may be made on a semi-annual basis.
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Proxy Guidelines
for
Invesco Asset Management Limited (UK)
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Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Institutional investors should publicly disclose their policy on how they will discharge their stewardship responsibilities |
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Institutional investors should have a robust policy on managing conflicts of interest in relation to stewardship and this policy should be publicly disclosed |
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Institutional investors should monitor their investee companies |
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Institutional investors should establish clear guidelines on when and how they will escalate their activities as a method of protecting and enhancing shareholder value |
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Institutional investors should be willing to act collectively with other investors where appropriate |
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Institutional investors should have a clear policy on voting and disclosure of voting activity |
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Institutional investors should report periodically on their stewardship and voting activities |
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Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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This paper describes Invesco Perpetuals (IP) approach to stewardship and in particular how our policy and procedures meet the requirements of the Financial Reporting Councils (FRC) UK Stewardship Code (the Code). Its purpose is to increase understanding of the philosophy, beliefs and practices that drive IPs behaviours as a significant institutional investor in markets around the world.
IP has supported the development of good governance in the UK and beyond for many years. We are signatories and supporters of the FRCs Stewardship Code. The Code sets out a number of areas of good practice to which the FRC believes institutional investors should aspire. It also describes steps asset owners can take to protect and enhance the value that accrues to the ultimate beneficiary.
This document is designed to describe how IP approaches our stewardship responsibilities and how this is consistent with and complies with the Code. It also provides useful links to relevant documents, codes and regulation for those who would like to look further at the broader context of our policy and the Code, as well as our commitment to other initiatives in this area, such as the UN supported Principles for Responsible Investment, of which Invesco is a signatory.
Key contact details are available at the end of this document should you have any questions on any aspect of our stewardship activities.
What is the UK Stewardship Code?
The UK Stewardship Code is a set of principles and guidance for institutional investors which represents current best practice on how they should perform their stewardship duties. The purpose of the Code is to improve the quality of engagement between institutional investors and companies to help improve long-term returns to shareholders and the efficient exercise of governance responsibilities. The Code was published by the FRC in July 2010, was updated in September 2012, and will continue to be overseen by the FRC. Commitment to the Code is on a comply or explain basis.
Our compliance with the Stewardship Code
The Code sets out seven principles, which support good practice on engagement with UK investee companies and to which the FRC believes institutional investors should aspire.
IP takes its responsibilities for investing its clients money very seriously. As a core part of the investment process, IPs fund managers will endeavour to establish a dialogue with company management to promote company decision making that is in the best interests of shareholders, and is in accordance with good Corporate Governance principles.
Being a major shareholder in a company is more than simply expecting to benefit from its future earnings streams. In IPs view, it is about helping to provide the capital a company needs to grow, about being actively involved in its strategy, when necessary, and helping to ensure that shareholder interests are always at the forefront of managements thoughts.
IP primarily defines stewardship as representing the best interests of clients in its fiduciary role as a discretionary asset manager (not asset owner) and as an institutional shareholder, i.e. an organization which pools large sums of money and invests those sums in securities, real property and other investment assets. This is considered more appropriate than undertaking the direct management of investee companies, which we believe should always remain the responsibility of the directors and executives of those companies.
IP may at times seek to influence strategies of investee companies, where appropriate, on behalf of its clients, but IP will never seek to be involved in the day to day running of any investee companies. IP considers that shareholder activism is fundamental to good Corporate Governance. Although this does not entail intervening in daily management decisions, it does involve supporting general standards for corporate activity and, where necessary, taking the initiative to ensure those standards are met, with a view to protecting and enhancing value for investors in our portfolios.
Engagement will also be proportionate and will reflect the size of holdings, length of holding period and liquidity of the underlying company shares. This is because in most of IPs investment jurisdictions, the only effective remedy of last resort available to shareholders, other than trying to sell or liquidating their funds share ownership, is the removal of directors. Given that the majority of its investments are part of a very active asset management culture, engagement with those companies in which it chooses to invest its clients money is very important. Encouraging high standards of corporate governance within those companies that it invests is key to achieving successful outcomes for its clients.
IP sets out below how it complies with each principle of the FRCs Stewardship code, or details why we have chosen to take a different approach, where relevant.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Scope
The scope of this policy covers all portfolios that are managed by the IP investment teams located in Henley on Thames, United Kingdom and specifically excludes portfolios that are managed by other investment teams within the wider Invesco group that have their own voting, corporate governance and stewardship policies, all falling under the broader global policy. As an example, within IPs ICVC range the following funds are excluded: Invesco US Enhanced Index, IP Balanced Risk 6, 8 and 10 funds, IP European ex UK Enhanced Index, IP Global Balanced Index, IP Global ex-UK Core Equity Index, IP Global ex-UK Enhanced Index, IP Hong Kong & China, IP Japanese Smaller Companies, IP UK Enhanced Index.
Introduction to the principles of the Stewardship Code
There are 7 principles under the Stewardship Code. Each principle is accompanied by guidance to help investors focus on how to meet it.
The principles are as follows:
- Principle 1: |
Institutional investors should publicly disclose their policy on how they will discharge their stewardship responsibilities. | |
- Principle 2: |
Institutional investors should have a robust policy on managing conflicts of interest in relation to stewardship and this policy should be publicly disclosed. | |
- Principle 3: |
Institutional investors should monitor their investee companies. | |
- Principle 4: |
Institutional investors should establish clear guidelines on when and how they will escalate their activities as a method of protecting and enhancing shareholder value. | |
- Principle 5: |
Institutional investors should be willing to act collectively with other investors where appropriate. | |
- Principle 6: |
Institutional investors should have a clear policy on voting and disclosure of voting activity. | |
- Principle 7: |
Institutional investors should report periodically on their stewardship and voting activities. |
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Institutional investors should publicly disclose their policy on how they will discharge their stewardship responsibilities.
Guidance
Stewardship activities include monitoring and engaging with companies on matters such as strategy, performance, risk, capital structure and corporate governance, including culture and remuneration.
Engagement is purposeful dialogue with companies on those matters as well as on issues that are the immediate subject of votes at general meetings.
The policy should disclose how the institutional investor applies stewardship with the aim of enhancing and protecting the value for the ultimate beneficiary or client.
The statement should reflect the institutional investors activities within the investment chain, as well as the responsibilities that arise from those activities. In particular, the stewardship responsibilities of those whose primary activities are related to asset ownership may be different from those whose primary activities are related to asset management or other investment-related services.
Where activities are outsourced, the statement should explain how this is compatible with the proper exercise of the institutional investors stewardship responsibilities and what steps the investor has taken to ensure that they are carried out in a manner consistent with the approach to stewardship set out in the statement.
The disclosure should describe arrangements for integrating stewardship within the wider investment process.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
IP complies with Principle 1 by publishing Invescos Global Policy Statement on Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting and this document around the specific application to Invesco on its website.
In this document we explain our philosophy on stewardship (including how we monitor and engage with companies), our proxy voting policy and how we deal with conflicts of interest. These documents are reviewed and updated on an annual basis.
Our intention is to report all of our investment teams proxy voting records through an easily accessible portal on our internet page. This will allow our clients to see votes that have been cast by our investment professionals on each of our UCITS funds managed by IAML, by company that we are shareholders of, and by resolution, and to easily search for the records that they are interested in. This is planned to be in place by the end of 2016. This data will be updated on an annual basis.
Dialogue with companies
IP will endeavour, where practicable and in accordance with its investment approach, to enter into a dialogue with companies management based on the mutual understanding of objectives. This dialogue is likely to include regular meetings with company representatives to explore any concerns about corporate governance where these may impact on the best interests of clients. In discussion with company boards and senior non-Executive Directors, IP will endeavour to cover any matters of particular relevance to investee company shareholder value.
Those people on the inside of a company, most obviously its executives, know their businesses much more intimately. Therefore, it is usually appropriate to leave strategic matters in their hands. However, if that strategy is not working, or alternatives need exploring, IP will seek to influence the direction of that company where practicable. In IPs view, this is part of its responsibility to clients.
Ultimately the business performance will have an impact on the returns generated by IPs portfolios, whether it is in terms of share price performance or dividends, and IP wants to seek to ensure that the capital invested on behalf of its clients is being used as effectively as possible. In the majority of cases IP is broadly in agreement with the direction of a company that it has invested in, as its initial decision to invest will have taken these factors into account. But these issues demand regular review, which can only be achieved through corporate engagement.
The building of this relationship facilitates frank and open discussion, and on-going interaction is an integral part of the fund managers role. The fact that IP has been a major shareholder in a number of companies for a long time, in particular within its domestic UK portfolios, reflects both the fact that IPs original investments were based on a joint understanding of where the businesses were going and the ability of the companies management to execute that plan. It adds depth to the sophistication of our understanding of the firm, its clients and markets. Inevitably there are times when IPs views diverge from those of the companies executives but, where possible, we attempt to work with companies towards a practical solution. However, IP believes that its status as part-owner of companies means that it has both the right and the responsibility to make its views known. The option of selling out of those businesses is always open, but normally IP prefers to push for change, (i.e. we believe that we are more influential as an owner of equity) even if this can be a slow process.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Specifically when considering resolutions put to shareholders, IP will pay attention to the companies compliance with the relevant local requirements. In addition, when analysing companies prospects for future profitability and hence returns to shareholders, IP will take many variables into account, including but not limited to, the following:
- | Nomination and audit committees |
- | Remuneration committee and directors remuneration |
- | Board balance and structure |
- | Financial reporting principles |
- | Internal control system and annual review of its effectiveness |
- | Dividend and Capital Management policies |
- | Socially Responsible Investing policies |
Non-routine resolutions and other topics
These will be considered on a case-by-case basis and where proposals are put to a vote will require proper explanation and justification by (in most instances) the Board. Examples of such proposals would be all political donations and any proposal made by a shareholder or body of shareholders (typically a pressure group).
Other considerations that IP might apply to non-routine proposals will include:
- | The degree to which the companys stated position on the issue could affect its reputation and/or sales, or leave it vulnerable to boycott or selective purchasing |
- | Peer group response to the issue in question |
- | Whether implementation would achieve the objectives sought in the proposal |
- | Whether the matter is best left to the Boards discretion |
Institutional investors should have a robust policy on managing conflicts of interest in relation to stewardship and this policy should be publicly disclosed.
Guidance
An institutional investors duty is to act in the interests of its clients and/or beneficiaries.
Conflicts of interest will inevitably arise from time to time, which may include when voting on matters affecting a parent company or client.
Institutional investors should put in place, maintain and publicly disclose a policy for identifying and managing conflicts of interest with the aim of taking all reasonable steps to put the interests of their client or beneficiary first. The policy should also address how matters are handled when the interests of clients or beneficiaries diverge from each other.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
Invesco Perpetual maintains policies and procedures that deal with conflicts of interest in all of its business dealings. In particular in relation to conflicts of interest that exist in its stewardship and proxy voting activities, these policies can be found in the Global Policy Statement on Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting found on our website.
An extract from this policy is included below.
There may be occasions where voting proxies may present a real or perceived conflict of interest between Invesco, as investment manager, and one or more of Invescos clients or vendors. Under Invescos Code of Conduct, Invesco entities and individuals are strictly prohibited from putting personal benefit, whether tangible or intangible, before the interests of clients. Personal benefit includes any intended benefit for Invesco, oneself or any other individual, company, group or organization of any kind whatsoever, except a benefit for the relevant Invesco client.
Firm-level Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest may exist if Invesco has a material business relationship with, or is actively soliciting business from, either the company soliciting a proxy vote or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote (e.g., issuers that are distributors of Invescos products, or issuers that employ Invesco to manage portions of their retirement plans or treasury accounts). Invescos proxy administration team maintains a list of all such issuers for which a conflict of interest actually exists.
If the proposal that gives rise to the potential conflict is specifically addressed by this Policy or the operating guidelines and procedures of the relevant regional investment centre, Invesco generally will vote the proxy in accordance therewith. Otherwise, based on a majority vote of its members, the Global IPAC (as described below) will vote the proxy.
Because this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of each regional investment centre are pre-determined and crafted to be in the best economic interest of clients, applying them to vote client proxies should, in most instances, adequately resolve any potential conflict of interest. As an additional safeguard, persons from Invescos marketing, distribution and other customer-facing functions may not serve on the Global IPAC. For the avoidance of doubt, Invesco may not consider Invesco Ltd.s pecuniary interest when voting proxies on behalf of clients.
Personal Conflicts of Interest
A conflict also may exist where an Invesco employee has a known personal relationship with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or candidates for directorships.
All Invesco personnel with proxy voting responsibilities are required to report any known personal conflicts of interest regarding proxy issues with which they are involved. In such instances, the individual(s) with the conflict will be excluded from the decision-making process relating to such issues.
Other Conflicts of Interest
In order to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest, Invesco will not vote proxies issued by, or related to matters involving, Invesco Ltd. that may be held in client accounts from time to time. Shares of an Invesco-sponsored fund held by other Invesco funds will be voted in the same proportion as the votes of external shareholders of the underlying fund.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Institutional investors should monitor their investee companies.
Guidance
Effective monitoring is an essential component of stewardship. It should take place regularly and be checked periodically for effectiveness.
When monitoring companies, institutional investors should seek to:
- | Keep abreast of the companys performance; |
- | Keep abreast of developments, both internal and external to the company, that drive the companys value and risks; |
- | Satisfy themselves that the companys leadership is effective; |
- | Satisfy themselves that the companys board and committees adhere to the spirit of the UK Corporate Governance Code, including through meetings with the chairman and other board members; |
- | Consider the quality of the companys reporting; and |
- | Attend the General Meetings of companies in which they have a major holding, where appropriate and practicable |
Institutional investors should consider carefully explanations given for departure from the UK Corporate Governance Code and make reasoned judgements in each case. They should give a timely explanation to the company, in writing where appropriate, and be prepared to enter a dialogue if they do not accept the companys position.
Institutional investors should endeavour to identify at an early stage issues that may result in a significant loss in investment value. If they have concerns, they should seek to ensure that the appropriate members of the investee companys board or management are made aware.
Institutional investors may or may not wish to be made insiders. An institutional investor who may be willing to become an insider should indicate in its stewardship statement the willingness to do so, and the mechanism by which this could be done.
Institutional investors will expect investee companies and their advisers to ensure that information that could affect their ability to deal in the shares of the company concerned is not conveyed to them without their prior agreement.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
Through IPs active investment process, fund managers endeavour to establish on a proportionate basis, on-going dialogue with company management and this is likely to include regular meetings.
In discussions with company boards and senior non-Executive Directors, IP will explore any concerns about corporate governance where these may impact on the best interests of clients, together with any other matters of particular value to shareholders.
Meeting company boards of investee companies is a core part of IPs investment process and IP is committed to keeping records of all key engagement activities.
However, meeting company management is not the only method of corporate engagement.
- | Our investment teams regularly review company filings and publicly available information to gain a fuller understanding of the relevant company. |
- | We also attend public meetings that companies call in order to hear from company boards and to discuss topics with other company shareholders on an informal basis. |
- | Our investment teams also utilise research provided by market participants on the companies that we invest in. This allows us to understand what other participants in the capital markets think about those companies, and helps us develop a more rounded view. |
This approach, and these methods of gaining information allows us to review the performance of our investee companies on a regular basis, and ask questions and raise concerns promptly.
Invesco Perpetuals approach to the receipt of inside information
As part of the engagement process, IP fund managers may choose to be made insiders (i.e. to be made privy to material, non-public information) to protect and/or enhance investor value.
IP does not preclude fund managers from knowingly receiving inside information, being taken over the wall or receiving market soundings.
For our investment process, we believe that it is important that our individual fund managers establish and maintain these relationships rather than have them intermediated by an independent panel or forum. IP further understands and accepts that through these relationships with corporate issuers and brokers, fund managers may at times directly receive inside information both advertently or inadvertently, or receive market soundings. The fund managers individually have a key fiduciary responsibility in assessing information received and managing it effectively. In accepting that fund managers may be exposed to receiving inside information and/or market soundings, it is therefore important that policies, procedures and controls are in place to ensure that when such information is received, it is managed effectively to prevent any behaviours or actions that could be considered in contradiction to laws and regulations in relation to Market Abuse.
In any scenario where inside information is received, the information needs to be controlled in a way that prevents its unnecessary dissemination and any related trading until that information becomes public and is effectively cleansed.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Anyone in receipt of inside information should only disclose to colleagues where necessary or required through the normal course of business and on a need to know basis. Preventing wider dissemination of inside information reduces the risk of unlawful disclosure or others acting upon that information.
As soon as an individual has received inside information and been made an insider, Compliance will be notified together with the names of those known to also be in receipt of the information. Compliance will update the Invesco insider list and ensure trading systems are updated to prevent any further trading until the information becomes public. In making the decision that information provided should be deemed inside information and notified to Compliance, the individual will need to assess and confirm which issuers and companies are affected. Inside information provided specifically for one company could also be relevant for other linked companies, suppliers, subsidiaries, partners etc. An assessment should also be made of what securities/issues are affected by the insider information.
Individuals in receipt of inside information who subsequently use their judgement and determine that the information should be disseminated to other individuals on a need to know basis, must also notify Compliance of each additional individual notified of the inside information to add their name to the record of recipients.
When a security is added to the restricted list, trading restrictions will be updated within the order management system (OMS) and will consider regional variations in regulatory requirements. In most cases all open orders in a security added to the insider list, will subsequently be cancelled until the information is cleansed and made public. However, open orders in European securities that have already been placed in the market (in full or in part), cannot be amended after receiving inside information, until the point that inside information is made public. Such orders will continue in accordance with the parameters and instructions given when passing the order for execution.
Invesco operates group wide restrictions whenever a single person is in receipt of inside information. It is therefore equally important that whenever inside information is made public and cleansed, Compliance are notified promptly to remove the security from the insider list and related trading restrictions.
Institutional investors should establish clear guidelines on when and how they will escalate their activities as a method of protecting and enhancing shareholder value.
Guidance
Institutional investors should set out the circumstances in which they will actively intervene and regularly assess the outcomes of doing so. Intervention should be considered regardless of whether an active or passive investment policy is followed. In addition, being underweight is not, of itself, a reason for not intervening. Instances when institutional investors may want to intervene include, but are not limited to, when they have concerns about the companys strategy, performance, governance, remuneration or approach to risks, including those that may arise from social and environmental matters.
Initial discussions should take place on a confidential basis. However, if companies do not respond constructively when institutional investors intervene, then institutional investors should consider whether to escalate their action, for example, by:
- | Holding additional meetings with management specifically to discuss concerns; |
- | Expressing concerns through the companys advisers; |
- | Meeting with the chairman or other board members; |
- | Intervening jointly with other institutions on particular issues; |
- | Making a public statement in advance of General Meetings; |
- | Submitting resolutions and speaking at General Meetings; and |
- | Requisitioning a General Meeting, in some cases proposing to change board membership |
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
IPs fund managers manage corporate governance matters independently with the companies that they engage with. We believe that it is a key part of the investment process to protect and add value on behalf of investors.
Initially any issues/concerns would be raised by its fund managers through IPs process of on-going dialogue and company meetings. We may then take a number of actions to escalate our concerns along the lines of a broad escalation hierarchy, via a number of different approaches including (but not limited too) as follows:
- | Meeting with non-executive members of company boards to discuss our concerns |
- | Attendance and active participation at company annual general meetings (AGMs) |
- | Writing of letters to company boards expressing our concerns and requiring action to be taken |
- | Votes against management through the use of proxy voting on company resolutions |
On occasions where a fund manager believes an issue is significant enough to be escalated, we will ensure the relevant internal resources are made available to support the fund manager in securing the most appropriate outcome for IPs clients.
Examples of issues that would prompt us to escalate our concerns may include:
- | Poor examples of corporate governance practice within companies for example where management structures are created that increase conflicts of interest, or leave management control in the hands of dominant shareholders. |
- | Concerns over remuneration policies at companies where those policies do not align with the ongoing positive growth of the company. This may include us exercising our proxy votes against the reappointment of chairs of the remuneration committees in order to express our concerns. |
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
09 |
- | Where the strategic direction of companies that we invest in changes significantly, and does not match with the original investment rationale that attracted us to the company in the first place, and where we believe that the new strategy will no longer return the best value to shareholders, and ultimately to our clients. |
- | Where Board structure or individual composition at an investee companies does not meet our standards in terms of the qualifications and expertise required. |
We believe that our approach to escalation is consistent with the intent of the Code. However, because we approach each engagement individually we do not see this as a mechanistic process, and therefore our approach will vary based on the individual situations. Through regular and frank meetings with management, we try as much as possible to raise queries and issues before they become areas of concern that require more direct intervention such as votes against management or divestment of positions.
Due to the nature of our engagement activities we are unlikely to make public statements or propose shareholder resolutions.
Our preference is to engage privately as we believe it better serves the long-term interests of our clients to establish relationships, and a reputation with companies that enhances rather than hinders dialogue.
Institutional investors should be willing to act collectively with other investors where appropriate
Guidance
At times collaboration with other investors may be the most effective manner in which to engage.
Collective engagement may be most appropriate at times of significant corporate or wider economic stress, or when the risks posed threaten to destroy significant value.
Institutional investors should disclose their policy on collective engagement, which should indicate their readiness to work with other investors through formal and informal groups when this is necessary to achieve their objectives and ensure companies are aware of concerns. The disclosure should also indicate the kinds of circumstances in which the institutional investor would consider participating in collective engagement.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
IP is supportive of collective engagement in cases where objectives between parties are mutually agreeable and there are no conflicts of interest.
In taking collaborative action we are cognisant of legal and regulatory requirements, including on market abuse, insider dealing and concert party regulations.
The Investment Association (IA), the National Association of Pension Funds (NAPF), the Investor Forum, the UK Sustainable Investment and Finance Association (UKSIF) and the UN backed Principles for Responsible Investment (UN PRI) coordinate and support collective shareholder meetings which can be very effective as they are carried out in a neutral environment. Where we have an interest, we are regular participants in such meetings.
IP are also members of the Investor Forum UK, an organisation set up to create an effective model for collective engagement with UK companies.
All of our engagement activities are undertaken in the best interests of our clients.
Institutional investors should have a clear policy on voting and disclosure of voting activity
Guidance
Institutional investors should seek to on vote all shares held. They should not automatically support the board.
If they have been unable to reach a satisfactory outcome through active dialogue then they should register an abstention or vote against the resolution. In both instances, it is good practice to inform the company in advance of their intention and the reasons why.
Institutional investors should disclose publicly voting records.
Institutional investors should disclose the use made, if any, of proxy voting or other voting advisory services. They should describe the scope of such services, identify the providers and disclose the extent to which they follow, rely upon or use recommendations made by such services.
Institutional investors should disclose their approach to stock lending and recalling lent stock.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
Invesco views proxy voting as an integral part of its investment management responsibilities and believes that the right to vote proxies should be managed with the same high standards of care and fiduciary duty to its clients as all other elements of the investment process. Invescos proxy voting philosophy, governance structure and process are designed to ensure that proxy votes are cast in accordance with clients best interests, which Invesco interprets to mean clients best economic interests.
Invesco investment teams vote proxies on behalf of Invesco-sponsored funds and non-fund advisory clients that have explicitly granted Invesco authority in writing to vote proxies on their behalf.
The proxy voting process at Invesco, which is driven by investment professionals, focuses on maximizing long-term value for our clients, protecting clients rights and promoting governance structures and practices that reinforce the accountability of corporate management and boards of directors to shareholders. Invesco takes a nuanced approach to voting and, therefore, many matters to be voted upon are reviewed on a case by case basis.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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In terms of reporting our proxy voting records publicly, we already publish our UK Equity team proxy vote records on our website on an annual basis. Our intention is to report all of our investment teams proxy voting records through an easily accessible portal on our internet page. This will allow our clients to see votes that have been cast by our investment professionals on each of our UCITS funds managed by IAML, by company that we are shareholders of, and by resolution, and to easily search for the records that they are interested in. This is planned to be in place by the end of 2016. This data will be updated on an annual basis.
Global Proxy Voting Platform and Administration
Guided by its philosophy that investment teams should manage proxy voting, Invesco has created the Global Invesco Proxy Advisory Committee (Global IPAC). The Global IPAC is a global investments-driven committee which compromises representatives from various investment management teams and Invescos Head of Global Governance, Policy and Responsible Investment (Head of Global Governance). The Global IPAC provides a forum for investment teams to monitor, understand and discuss key proxy issues and voting trends within the Invesco complex. In the absence of a conflict of interest, the Global IPAC representatives, in consultation with the respective investment team, are responsible for voting proxies for the securities the team manages. In addition to the Global IPAC, for some clients, third parties (e.g., U.S. mutual fund boards) provide oversight of the proxy process.
The Global IPAC and Invescos proxy administration and governance team, compliance and legal teams regularly communicate and review this Policy and the operating guidelines and procedures of each regional investment centre to ensure that they remain consistent with clients best interests, regulatory requirements, governance trends and industry best practices.
Invesco maintains a proprietary global proxy administration platform, supported by the Head of Global Governance and a dedicated team of internal proxy specialists. The platform streamlines the proxy voting and ballot reconciliation processes, as well as related functions, such as share blocking and managing conflicts of interest issuers. Managing these processes internally, as opposed to relying on third parties, gives Invesco greater quality control, oversight and independence in the proxy administration process.
The platform also includes advanced global reporting and record-keeping capabilities regarding proxy matters that enable Invesco to satisfy client, regulatory and management requirements. Historical proxy voting information, including commentary by investment professionals regarding the votes they cast, where applicable, is stored to build institutional knowledge across the Invesco complex with respect to individual companies and proxy issues. Certain investment teams also use the platform to access third-party proxy research.
Non-Votes
In the vast majority of instances, Invesco is able to vote proxies successfully. However, in certain circumstances Invesco may refrain from voting where the economic or other opportunity costs of voting exceeds any anticipated benefits of that proxy proposal. In addition, there may be instances in which Invesco is unable to vote all of its clients proxies despite using commercially reasonable efforts to do so. For example:
- | Invesco may not receive proxy materials from the relevant fund or client custodian with sufficient time and information to make an informed independent voting decision. In such cases, Invesco may choose not to vote, to abstain from voting or to vote in accordance with proxy advisor recommendations |
- | If the security in question is on loan as part of a securities lending program, Invesco may determine that the benefit to the client of voting a particular proxy is outweighed by the revenue that would be lost by terminating the loan and recalling the securities |
- | In some countries the exercise of voting rights imposes temporary transfer restrictions on the related securities (share blocking). Invesco generally refrains from voting proxies in share-blocking countries unless Invesco determines that the benefit to the clients of voting a specific proxy outweighs the clients temporary inability to sell the security |
- | Some companies require a representative to attend meetings in person in order to vote a proxy. In such cases, Invesco may determine that the costs of sending a representative or signing a power-of-attorney outweigh the benefit of voting a particular proxy |
IP uses Institutional Shareholder Services to process its voting decisions and the Association of British Insurers IVIS service for research for UK securities.
Approach to Stock Lending
IP does not enter into stock lending arrangements which might impact the voting process. We do not believe that our clients best interests are served by lending stocks out to third parties that may not have the same reasons for investing in those companies that we do. We do not believe giving up our voting ability by lending out stock is compatible with our beliefs in terms of corporate engagement.
Invesco Perpetual Stewardship Policy |
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Institutional investors should report periodically on their stewardship and voting activities
Guidance
Institutional investors should maintain a clear record of their stewardship activities.
Asset managers should regularly account to their clients or beneficiaries as to how they have discharged their responsibilities. Such reports will be likely to comprise qualitative as well as quantitative information. The particular information reported and the format used, should be a matter for agreement between agents and their principals.
Asset owners should report at least annually to those to whom they are accountable on their stewardship policy and its execution.
Transparency is an important feature of effective stewardship. Institutional investors should not, however, be expected to make disclosures that might be counterproductive. Confidentiality in specific situations may well be crucial to achieving a positive outcome.
Asset managers that sign up to this Code should obtain an independent opinion on their engagement and voting processes having regard to an international standard or a UK framework such as AAF 01/062. The existence of such assurance reporting should be publicly disclosed. If requested, clients should be provided access to such assurance reports.
Invesco Perpetuals Investors approach:
In terms of reporting our proxy voting records publicly, we already publish our UK Equity team proxy vote records on our website on an annual basis. Our intention is to report all of our investment teams proxy voting records through an easily accessible portal on our internet page. This will allow our clients to see votes that have been cast by our investment professionals on each of our UCITS funds managed by IAML, by company that we are shareholders of, and by resolution, and to easily search for the records that they are interested in. This is planned to be in place by the end of 2016. This data will be updated on an annual basis.
The processes relating to our corporate governance activities are subject to audit by our internal audit function. This function is independent from the front office, and the rest of the business, and provides an independent assessment of business practises directly to Board level.
We believe that this level of scrutiny and oversight provides our clients with the assurance that our policies and practises meet and exceed current industry standards.
We will continually assess this approach.
Further information/useful links (also available via our website):
https://www.invesco.com/corporate/about-us/ proxy-voting
Key contact details for matters concerning stewardship:
Bonnie Saynay
Global Head of Proxy Governance and Responsible Investment
Tel: +1 (713) 214-4774
Email: Bonnie.Saynay@invesco.com
Stuart Howard
Head of Investment Management Operations
Tel: +44 1491 417175
Email: Stuart_Howard@invescoperpetual.co.uk
Dan Baker
Operations Manager
Tel: +44 1491 416514
Email: Dan_Baker@invescoperpetual.co.uk
Charles Henderson
UK Equities Business Manager
Tel: +44 1491 417672
Email: Charles_Henderson@invescoperpetual.co.uk
Telephone calls may be recorded.
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Important information
Where Invesco Perpetual has expressed views and opinions, these may change. Invesco Perpetual is a business name of Invesco Asset Management Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Invesco Asset Management Limited
Registered in England 949417
Registered office Perpetual Park, Perpetual Park Drive, Henley-on-Thames,
Oxfordshire, RG9 1HH, UK.
61186/PDF/231116
Proxy Guidelines
for
Invesco Canada, Ltd.
INVESCO CANADA
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
Purpose
The purpose of this document is to describe Invesco Canada Ltd.s (Invesco Canada) general guidelines for voting proxies received from companies held in the accounts (Accounts) for which it acts as investment fund manager and/or adviser including:
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Investment fund manager, including investment funds offered in Canada (the Canadian Funds), |
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Adviser, including separately managed portfolios (SMPs), |
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Sub-adviser, including investment funds registered under and governed by the US Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the US Funds). |
The Accounts referred to above, exclude Accounts that are sub-advised (Sub-Advised Accounts) by affiliated or third party advisers (Sub-Advisers). Proxies for Sub-Advised Accounts will be voted in accordance with the Sub-Advisers proxy voting policy (which may contain different voting recommendations), provided the policy as a whole is designed with the intention of voting securities in the best interest of the Account; unless the sub-advisory agreement provides otherwise.
Voting rights will not be exercised in accordance with this policy or the Sub-Advisers proxy policy if the investment management agreement between the client and Invesco Canada governing the SMP provides otherwise.
Compliance will review the proxy voting policies and procedures of any new sub-advisors as part of its due diligence.
Introduction
lnvesco Canada has a fiduciary obligation to act in the best long-term economic interest of the Accounts when voting proxies of portfolio companies.
The default is to vote with the recommendation of the companys management.
As a general rule, portfolio managers shall vote against any actions that would:
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Reduce the rights or options of shareholders, |
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Reduce shareholder influence over the board of directors and management, |
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Reduce the alignment of interests between company management and the shareholders; or |
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Reduce the value of shareholders investments. |
Since Invesco Canadas portfolio managers follow an investment discipline that includes investing in companies that are believed to have strong management teams, the portfolio managers will generally support the management of companies in which they invest, and will accord proper weight to the recommendations of company management. Therefore, in most circumstances, votes will be cast in accordance with the recommendations of company management.
While Invesco Canadas proxy voting guidelines are stated below, the portfolio managers will take into consideration all relevant facts and circumstances (including country specific considerations), and retain the right to vote proxies as deemed appropriate.
These guidelines may be amended from time to time.
Voting rights may not be exercised in situations where:
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The securities have been sold subsequent to record date; |
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Administrative issues prevent voting, or; |
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Invesco Canada is sub-advising for an unaffiliated third-party and either: (a) the sub-advisory agreement with the unaffiliated third-party does not permit Invesco Canada to vote the securities; or (b) the securities to be voted have been lent out by the unaffiliated third-party. |
Conflicts of Interest
When voting proxies, Invesco Canadas portfolio managers assess whether there are material conflicts of interest between lnvesco Canadas interests and those of the Account. A potential conflict of interest situation may include where Invesco Canada or an affiliate manages assets for, provides other financial services to, or otherwise has a material business relationship with, a company whose management is soliciting proxies, and failure to vote in favour of management of the company may harm Invesco Canadas relationship with the company. In all situations, the portfolio managers will not take Invesco Canadas relationship with the company into account, and will vote the proxies in the best interest of the Account. To the extent that a portfolio manager has any personal conflict of interest with respect to a company or an issue presented, that portfolio manager should abstain from voting on that company or issue. Portfolio managers are required to report in writing to the relevant Investment Head or ClO any such conflicts of interest and/or attempts by outside parties to improperly influence the voting process. If the portfolio manager in question is the ClO, such conflicts of interest
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and/or attempts by outside parties to improperly influence the voting process shall be presented in writing to the Chief Compliance Officer. The Global Investments Director (or designate) will report any conflicts of interest to the Independent Review Committee on an annual basis.
I. | BOARDS OF DIRECTORS |
We believe that a board that has at least a majority of independent directors is integral to good corporate governance. Unless there are restrictions specific to a companys home jurisdiction, key board committees, including audit and compensation committees, should be completely independent.
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Votes in an uncontested election of directors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering factors that may include:
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Long-term financial company performance relative to a market index, |
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Composition of the board and key board committees, |
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Nominees attendance at board meetings, |
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Nominees time commitments as a result of serving on other company boards, |
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Nominees stock ownership position in the company, |
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Whether the chairman is also serving as CEO, and |
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Whether a retired CEO sits on the board. |
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Votes in a contested election of directors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering factors that may include:
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Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry, |
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Managements track record, |
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Background to the proxy contest, |
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Qualifications of director nominees (both slates), |
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Evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders as well as the likelihood that the proposed objectives and goals can he met, and |
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Stock ownership positions in the company. |
Majority Threshold Voting for Director Elections
We will generally vote for proposals that require directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast unless the relevant portfolio manager believes that the company has adopted formal corporate governance principles that present a meaningful alternative to the majority voting standard.
Separating Chairman and CEO
Shareholder proposals to separate the chairman and CEO positions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
While we generally support these proposals, some companies have governance structures in place that can satisfactorily counterbalance a combined position. Voting decisions will take into account factors such as:
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Designated lead director, appointed from the ranks of the independent board members with clearly delineated duties; |
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Majority of independent directors; |
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All-independent key committees; |
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Committee chairpersons nominated by the independent directors; |
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CEO performance is reviewed annually by a committee of independent directors; and |
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Established governance guidelines. |
Majority of Independent Directors
While we generally support proposals asking that a majority of directors be independent, each proposal should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
We generally vote for proposals that the boards audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors.
Stock Ownership Requirements
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We believe that individual directors should be appropriately compensated and motivated to act in the best interests of shareholders. Share ownership by directors better aligns their interests with those of other shareholders. Therefore, we believe that meaningful share ownership by directors is in the best interest of the company.
We generally vote for proposals that require a certain percentage of a directors compensation to be in the form of common stock.
Size of Boards of Directors
We believe that the number of directors is important to ensuring the boards effectiveness in maximizing long-term shareholder value. The board must be large enough to allow it to adequately discharge its responsibilities, without being so large that it becomes cumbersome.
While we will prefer a board of no fewer than 5 and no more than 16 members, each situation will be considered on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration the specific company circumstances.
Classified or Staggered Boards
In a classified or staggered board, directors are typically elected in two or more classes, serving terms greater than one year.
We prefer the annual election of all directors and will generally not support proposals that provide for staggered terms for board members. We recognize that there may be jurisdictions where staggered terms for board members is common practice and, in such situations, we will review the proposals on a case-by-case basis.
Director Indemnification and Liability Protection
We recognize that many individuals may be reluctant to serve as corporate directors if they are personally liable for all lawsuits and legal costs. As a result, limitations on directors liability can benefit the corporation and its shareholders by helping to attract and retain qualified directors while providing recourse to shareholders on areas of misconduct by directors.
We generally vote for proposals that limit directors liability and provide indemnification as long as the arrangements are limited to the director acting honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and, in criminal matters, are limited to the director having reasonable grounds for believing the conduct was lawful.
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II. | AUDITORS |
A strong audit process is a requirement for good corporate governance. A significant aspect of the audit process is a strong relationship with a knowledgeable and independent set of auditors.
Ratification of Auditors
We believe a company should limit its relationship with its auditors to the audit engagement, and certain closely related activities that do not, in the aggregate, raise an appearance of impaired independence.
We generally vote for the reappointment of the companys auditors unless:
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It is not clear that the auditors will be able to fulfill their function; |
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There is reason to believe the auditors have rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position; or |
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The auditors have a significant professional or personal relationship with the issuer that compromises their independence. |
Disclosure of Audit vs. Non-Audit Fees
Understanding the fees earned by the auditors is important for assessing auditor independence. Our support for the re-appointment of the auditors will take into consideration whether the management information circular contains adequate disclosure about the amount and nature of audit vs. non-audit fees.
There may be certain jurisdictions that do not currently require disclosure of audit vs. non-audit fees. In these circumstances, we will generally support proposals that call for this disclosure.
III. | COMPENSATION PROGRAMS |
Appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans, approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders and the interests of management, employees and directors. Plans should not substantially dilute shareholders ownership interests in the company, provide participants with excessive awards or have objectionable structural features. We will consider each compensation plan in its entirety (including all incentives, awards and other compensation) to determine if the plan provides the right incentives to managers, employees and directors and is reasonable on the whole.
While we generally encourage companies to provide more transparent disclosure related to their compensation programs, the following are specific guidelines dealing with some
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of the more common features of these programs (features not specifically itemized below will be considered on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration the general principles described above):
Cash Compensation and Severance Packages
We will generally support the boards discretion to determine and grant appropriate cash compensation and severance packages.
Executive Compensation (say on pay)
Proposals requesting that companies subject each years compensation record to a non binding advisory shareholder vote, or so-called say on pay proposals will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Equity Based Plans Dilution
Equity compensation plans can increase the number of shares of a company and therefore dilute the value of existing shares. While such plans can be an effective compensation tool in moderation, they can be a concern to shareholders and their cost needs to be closely watched. We assess proposed equity compensation plans on a case-by-case basis.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
We will generally vote for the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value. It is recognized that country specific circumstances may exist (e.g. tax issues) that require proposals to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
Loans to Employees
We will vote against the corporation making loans to employees to allow employees to pay for stock or stock options. It is recognized that country specific circumstances may exist that require proposals to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
Stock Option Plans Board Discretion
We will vote against stock option plans that give the board broad discretion in setting the terms and conditions of the programs. Such programs should be submitted with detail and be reasonable in the circumstances regarding their cost, scope, frequency and schedule for exercising the options.
As of January, 2017 | Page 7 of 11 |
Stock Option Plans Inappropriate Features
We will generally vote against plans that have any of the following structural features:
|
ability to re-price underwater options without shareholder approval, |
|
ability to issue options with an exercise price below the stocks current market price, |
|
ability to issue reload options, or |
|
automatic share replenishment (evergreen) features. |
Stock Option Plans Director Eligibility
While we prefer stock ownership by directors, we will support stock option plans for directors as long as the terms and conditions of director options are clearly defined
Stock Option Plans Repricing
We will vote for proposals to re-price options if there is a value-for-value (rather than a share-for-share) exchange.
Stock Option Plans Vesting
We will vote against stock option plans that are 100% vested when granted.
Stock Option Plans Authorized Allocations
We will generally vote against stock option plans that authorize allocation of 25% or more of the available options to any one individual.
Stock Option Plans Change in Control Provisions
We will vote against stock option plans with change in control provisions that allow option holders to receive more for their options than shareholders would receive for their shares.
IV. | CORPORATE MATTERS |
We will review proposals relating to changes to capital structure and restructuring on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the impact of the changes on corporate governance and shareholder rights, anticipated financial and operating benefits, portfolio manager views, level of dilution, and a companys industry and performance in terms of shareholder returns.
As of January, 2017 | Page 8 of 11 |
Common Stock Authorization
We will review proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issue on a case-by-case basis.
Dual Class Share Structures
Dual class share structures involve a second class of common stock with either superior or inferior voting rights to those of another class of stock.
We will generally vote against proposals to create or extend dual class share structures where classes have different voting rights.
Stock Splits
We will vote for proposals to increase common share authorization for a stock split, provided that the increase in authorized shares would not result in excessive dilution given a companys industry and performance in terms of shareholder returns.
Reverse Stock Splits
We will vote for proposals to implement a reverse stock split.
Share Repurchase Programs
We will vote against proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans if all shareholders do not participate on an equal basis.
Reincorporation
Reincorporation involves re-establishing the company in a different legal jurisdiction.
We will generally vote for proposals to reincorporate the company provided that the board and management have demonstrated sound financial or business reasons for the move. Proposals to reincorporate will generally not be supported if solely as part of an anti-takeover defense or as a way to limit directors liability.
Mergers & Acquisitions
We will vote for merger & acquisition proposals that the relevant portfolio managers believe, based on their review of the materials:
|
will result in financial and operating benefits, |
|
have a fair offer price, |
As of January, 2017 | Page 9 of 11 |
|
have favourable prospects for the combined companies, and |
|
will not have a negative impact on corporate governance or shareholder rights. |
V. | SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY |
We recognize that to effectively manage a corporation, directors and management must consider not only the interests of shareholders, but the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, and creditors, among others.
We believe that companies and their boards must give careful consideration to social responsibility issues in order to enhance long-term shareholder value.
We support efforts by companies to develop policies and practices that consider social responsibility issues related to their businesses.
VI. | SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS |
Shareholder proposals can be extremely complex, and the impact on the interests of all stakeholders can rarely be anticipated with a high degree of confidence. As a result, shareholder proposals will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of factors such as:
|
the proposals impact on the companys short-term and long-term share value, |
|
its effect on the companys reputation, |
|
the economic effect of the proposal, |
|
industry and regional norms in which the company operates, |
|
the companys overall corporate governance provisions, and |
|
the reasonableness of the request. |
We will generally support shareholder proposals that require additional disclosure regarding corporate responsibility issues where the relevant portfolio manager believes:
|
the company has failed to adequately address these issues with shareholders, |
|
there is information to suggest that a company follows procedures that are not in compliance with applicable regulations, or |
As of January, 2017 | Page 10 of 11 |
|
the company fails to provide a level of disclosure that is comparable to industry peers or generally accepted standards. |
We will generally not support shareholder proposals that place arbitrary or artificial constraints on the board, management or the company.
Ordinary Business Practices
We will generally support the boards discretion regarding shareholder proposals that involve ordinary business practices.
Protection of Shareholder Rights
We will generally vote for shareholder proposals that are designed to protect shareholder rights if the companys corporate governance standards indicate that such additional protections are warranted.
Barriers to Shareholder Action
We will generally vote for proposals to lower barriers to shareholder action.
Shareholder Rights Plans
We will generally vote for proposals to subject shareholder rights plans to a shareholder vote.
VII. | OTHER |
We will vote against or abstain on proposals that may authorize the company to conduct any other business that is not described in the proxy statement or where the proxy materials lack sufficient information upon which to base an informed decision.
Reimbursement of Proxy Solicitation Expenses
Decisions to provide reimbursement for dissidents waging a proxy contest are made on a case-by-case basis.
As of January, 2017 | Page 11 of 11 |
Proxy Guidelines
for
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited
Outlines of Proxy Voting Guidelines
March 31, 2016
1. | Purpose and Policy of Proxy Voting |
We vote proxies for the purpose of seeking to maximize the long-term interests of our clients (investors) and beneficiaries, with an awareness of the importance of corporate governance, based on fiduciary duties to our clients (investors) and beneficiaries. We do not vote proxies for the interests of ourselves and any third party other than clients (investors) and beneficiaries. The interests of clients (investors) and beneficiaries mean growth in corporate value or economic interests of shareholders or protection against their impairment. Proxy voting is an integral part of our stewardship activities and we make voting decisions from the perspective of contributing to enhanced corporate value and sustainable growth.
2. | Proxy Voting System |
In order to vote proxies adequately we have established the Corporate Governance Committee, which provides guidelines and criteria for proxy voting decisions, and supervises the decision making process concerning our independent proxy voting. While we may seek advice from an external expert based on our guidelines, our investment professionals make voting decisions in principle, based on our proxy voting guidelines, taking into account whether or not they contribute to greater shareholder value of the company in question.
3. | Summary of Criteria for Proxy Voting Decisions |
Key areas of criteria for proxy voting decisions are as follows:
|
Profit distribution and Dividends |
|
We make decisions, taking into account the companys financial conditions, management performance and shareholder returns, etc. |
|
Upon taking into account of balance sheet status, including capital adequacy level, and business strategies, etc., if the total payout ratio including dividends and share buybacks is significantly low, we consider voting against proposals on profit distribution. |
|
Election of Directors |
|
We make decisions, taking into account independence and competence of director nominees and the companys management performance, etc. |
|
We vote against the election of an outside director who is deemed to have a conflict of interest in the company. |
|
We generally vote against the election of a top executive, unless there are at least two outside directors. |
|
We consider voting against the election of a top executive, if business strategies that enable corporate value enhancement and sustainable growth are not demonstrated and constructive dialogues are not engaged in terms of capital efficiency including ROE. |
|
Election of Statutory Auditors |
|
We make decisions, taking into account independence and competence of statutory auditor nominees, etc. |
|
In terms of independence, we generally vote against the election of statutory auditors, unless figures that can provide the basis for making judgment on existence of an interest in the company are disclosed. |
|
Executive Compensation and Bonuses |
|
In terms of executive compensation, it is desirable that measures to secure transparency are taken, a formula that can justify the calculation of compensation is disclosed and performance-based compensation structure is put in place. |
|
We consider to vote against proposals seeking approval for compensation, in the cases where there exists a problematic compensation system or the total amount of compensation is not disclosed. |
|
We consider voting against the election of a top executive, if there is no proposal seeking approval for compensation and there exists an inappropriate compensation system. |
|
We vote for proposals that require disclosure of compensation of individual directors. |
|
We generally vote against bonuses for outside directors and outside statutory auditors. We also generally vote against proposals to grant stock options to outside directors and outside auditors and any third parties other than employees. |
|
Cross-shareholdings |
|
If the company holds shares for relationship purpose, the company is required to explain about medium- to long-term business and financial strategies including capital cost allocation and to disclose criteria for proxy voting decisions and voting results, etc. If reasonable views are not indicated and constructive dialogues are not engaged, we consider to vote against the election of a top executive. |
|
Capital Policy |
|
We make decisions on an increase in authorized shares, taking into account the impact on shareholder value and shareholder rights, rationale of the proposal and the impact on share listing and corporate sustainability. |
|
Takeover Defense |
|
We generally vote against establishment, amendment and update of takeover defense measures that are judged to decrease shareholder value or hinder shareholder rights. We generally vote against the election of a top executive, if there exist takeover defense measures that are not part of proposals at the shareholders meeting but are judged to decrease shareholder value or hinder shareholder rights. |
|
ESG |
|
We support the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment and acknowledge the importance of companies ESG issues among investment decision making process. Thus, we consider to vote against the election of a top executive and responsible directors, if any event occurs that is likely to significantly impair corporate value. |
|
Conflict of Interest |
|
We abstain from voting proxies of companies that pose conflicts of interest. |
|
Shareholder Proposals |
|
We make decisions on shareholder proposals along with company proposals in accordance with the guidelines in principle, taking into account the impact on shareholder value, etc. |
|
As there exist several areas relating to criteria for voting decisions other than the above, we also make decisions from the perspective of whether or not they contribute to enhanced shareholder returns and corporate value. |
Proxy Guidelines
for
Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH
April 2013
INVESCO CONTINENTAL EUROPE
VOTING RIGHTS POLICY
INVESCO ASSET MANAGEMENT SA (& BRANCHES IN AMSTERDAM, BRUSSELS, MADRID, MILAN, STOCKHOLM)
INVESCO ASSET MANAGEMENT DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
INVESCO ASSET MANAGEMENT ÖSTERREICH GMBH
Approach
This document sets out the high level Proxy Voting Policy of the companies outlined above and referred to as Invesco Continental Europe (Invesco CE). The principles within this policy are followed by these companies or to any of its delegates as applicable.
Invesco CE is committed to the fair and equitable treatment of all its clients. As such Invesco CE has put in place procedures to ensure that voting rights attached to securities within a UCITS or portfolio for which it is the Management Company are exercised where appropriate and in the best interests of the individual UCITS/ portfolio itself. Where Invesco CE delegates the activity of Investment Management it will ensure that the delegate has in place policies and procedures consistent with the principles of this policy.
Voting Opportunities
Voting opportunities which exist in relation to securities within each individual UCITS/ portfolio are monitored on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that advantage can be taken of any opportunity that arises to benefit the individual UCITS/ portfolio.
When is has been identified that a voting opportunity exists, an investment decisions is taken whether or not the opportunity to vote should be exercised and, if relevant, the voting decision to be taken. Considerations which are taken into account include:
|
The cost of participating in the vote relative to the potential benefit to the UCITS/portfolio. |
|
The impact of participation in a vote on the liquidity of the securities creating the voting opportunity due to the fact that some jurisdictions will require that the securities are not sold for a period if they are the subject of a vote. |
|
Other factors as deemed appropriate by the Investment Manager in relation to the investment objectives and policy of the individual UCITS/ portfolio. |
It may be the case that an investment decision is taken not to participate in a vote. Such decisions can be equally appropriate due to the considerations applied by the investment team to determine the relative benefit to the individual UCITS/ portfolio, based on criteria such as fund size, investment objective, policy and investment strategy applicable.
Conflicts of Interest:
Invesco CE has a Conflicts of Interest Policy which outlines the principles for avoiding, and where not possible, managing conflicts of interest. At no time will Invesco CE use shareholding powers in respect of individual UCITS/portfolio to advance its own commercial interests, to pursue a social or political cause that is unrelated to a UCITS/portfolios economic interests, or to favour another UCITS/ portfolio or client or other relationship to the detriment of others. This policy is available, free of cost, from any of the Invesco CE companies.
Information on Voting Activity:
Further information on votes which were available to individual UCITS and actions taken are available to unitholders free of charge and by request to the UCITS Management Company.
PART COTHER INFORMATION
Item 25: | Financial Statements and Exhibits |
(1) Financial Statements:
Included in Part A:
Financial Highlights
Included in Part B:
Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report dated February 28, 2017. Filed electronically pursuant to Section 30(b)(2) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm; Audited Financial Statements as of February 28, 2017; Notes to Audited Financial Statements
(2) Exhibits
(a) | Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 19, 2016 * | |
(b) | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws effective October 26, 2016 * | |
(c) | Not Applicable | |
(d) | Not Applicable | |
(e) | Not Applicable | |
(f) | Not Applicable | |
(g)(1)(a) | Master Investment Advisory Agreement (18) | |
(b) | Amendment No. 1 to Master Investment Advisory Agreement, dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(2)(a) | Master Intergroup Sub-Advisory Contract (18) | |
(b) | Amendment No. 1 to Master Intergroup Sub-Advisory Contract dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(c) | Termination Agreement dated January 16, 2015, between Invesco Advisers, Inc. and Invesco Australia Limited (22) | |
(h)(1)(a) | Master Distribution Agreement (18) | |
(b) | Amendment No. 1 to Master Distribution Agreement dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(2)(a) | Amended and Restated Plan of Distribution (18) | |
(b) | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Plan of Distribution dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(i) | Not Applicable | |
(j)(1) | Amended and Restated Master Custodian Contract (16) | |
(2)(a) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (16) | |
(b) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (16) | |
(c) | Amendment No. 1 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated July 1, 2011 (18) | |
(d) | Amendment No. 2 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated December 3, 2013 (20) | |
(e) | Amendment No. 3 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated November 5, 2013 (21) | |
(f) | Amendment No. 4 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated January 1, 2014 (21) | |
(k)(1)(a)(i) | Master Administrative Services Agreement (16) | |
(ii) | Amendment No. 1 to the Master Administrative Services Agreement (18) | |
(iii) | Amendment No. 2 to the Master Administrative Services Agreement (18) | |
(iv) | Amendment No. 3 to the Master Administrative Services Agreement dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(b)(i) | Administration Agreement (16) | |
(ii) | Amendment No. 1 to the Administration Agreement (18) | |
(iii) | Amendment No. 2 to the Administrative Agreement dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(2)(a) | Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated October 15, 2012 (19) | |
(b) | Agreement of Amendment No. 1 dated August 14, 2013 (19) | |
(c) | Agreement of Amendment No. 2 dated August 29, 2013 (19) | |
(d) | Agreement of Amendment No. 3 dated August 27, 2014 (22) | |
(e) | Agreement of Amendment No. 4 dated August 25, 2015 (23) | |
(f) | Agreement of Amendment No. 6 dated December 10, 2015 (23) | |
(g) | Agreement of Amendment No. 7 dated November 18, 2016* | |
(3)(a) | Service Plan (18) | |
(b) | Amendment No. 1 to Service Plan dated December 3, 2012 (21) | |
(4) | Third Amended and Restated Multi-Class Plan (19) | |
(5) | Master Sub-Accounting Services Agreement (17) | |
(l)(1) | Opinion and Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding Class A Shares and Class C Shares (18) | |
(2) | Opinion and Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding Class Y Shares (20) | |
(3) | Consent of Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP * | |
(m) | Not Applicable |
(n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm * | |
(o) | Not Applicable | |
(p) | Letter of Investment Intent (1) | |
(q) | Not Applicable | |
(r)(1) | Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics amended January 1, 2017, relating to Invesco Advisers, Inc. and any of its subsidiaries.* | |
(2) | Invesco UK Code of Ethics dated 2017, relating to Invesco Asset Management Limited. * | |
(3) | Invesco Ltd. Code of Conduct, dated October 2016, relating to Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited. * | |
(4) | Invesco Hong Kong Limited Code of Ethics dated January 1, 2017, relating to Invesco Hong Kong Limited. * | |
(5) | Invesco Canada Ltd. Code of Conduct, dated October 2016 * | |
(6) | Invesco EMEA-EX UK Employees Code of Ethics dated October 1, 2016, relating to Invesco Asset Management Deutschland (GmbH). * | |
(7) | Invesco Senior Secured Management Code of Ethics Policy revised June 1, 2016 and Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, amended January 1, 2017. * | |
(s) | Power of Attorney * |
(1) | Incorporated by reference to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-14499 and 811-5845, filed on October 21, 1996. |
(2) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-14999 and 811-5845, filed on November 13, 1997. |
(3) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-75911 and 811-5845, filed on November 8, 2000. |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-75911 and 811-5845, filed on November 27, 2002. |
(5) | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-14, File Nos. 333-103330 and 811-5845, filed on March 11, 2003. |
(6) | Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-104959 and 811-5845, filed on June 12, 2003. |
(7) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-104959 and 811-5845, filed on November 26, 2003. |
(8) | Incorporated by reference to the Funds Schedule TO filed on June 18, 2004. |
(9) | Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on February 15, 2005. |
(10) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on November 28, 2005. |
(11) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on September 29, 2006. |
(12) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on November 28, 2007. |
(13) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on November 26, 2008. |
(14) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on December 19, 2008. |
(15) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on November 24, 2009. |
(16) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on September 29, 2010. |
(17) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-5845, filed on November 29, 2010. |
(18) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on June 27, 2013. |
(19) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on September 6, 2013. |
(20) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on November 7, 2013. |
(21) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on June 26, 2014. |
(22) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on June 26, 2015. |
(23) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the Funds Registration Statement on Form N-2, File Nos. 333-121061 and 811-05845, filed on June 24, 2016. |
* | Filed herewith. |
Item 26: | Marketing Arrangements |
See Exhibit (h) to this Registration Statement.
Item 27: | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
Securities and Exchange Commission fees* |
$ | 0 | ||
Printing and engraving expenses* |
$ | 1,233 | ||
Legal fees* |
$ | 61,532 | ||
Audit expenses* |
$ | 86,467 | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 149,232 | ||
|
|
* | Estimated based on expenses incurred during the previous fiscal year. |
Item 28: | Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant |
Not applicable
Item 29: | Number of Holders of Securities |
On May 31, 2017:
Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders | |||
Class A Shares |
837 | |||
Class B Shares |
65 | |||
Class C Shares |
415 | |||
Class IB Shares |
5,534 | |||
Class IC Shares |
603 | |||
Class Y Shares |
14 |
Item 30: | Indemnification |
Please see Article VIII of the Registrants Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (Exhibit (a)(1)(a)) for indemnification of Trustees and officers. Registrants Trustees and officers are also covered by an Errors and Omissions Policy. Section 16 of the Master Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and the Adviser provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties under the Master Investment Advisory Agreement on the part of the Adviser or any of its officers, directors or employees, the Adviser shall not be subject to liability to the Registrant or to any shareholder of the Registrant for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services under the Master Investment Advisory Agreement or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security. Section 12 of the Master Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Invesco Distributors provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of obligations or duties under the Master Distribution Agreement on the part of Invesco Distributors, the Registrant shall indemnify Invesco Distributors against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses which Invesco Distributors may incur under the Securities Act of 1933, or common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement or prospectus, or any omission to state a material fact therein, the omission of which makes any statement contained therein misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Registrant in connection therewith by or on behalf of Invesco Distributors.
Insofar as indemnification for claims, demands expenses and liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant and the Adviser and any underwriter pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer, or controlling person or the Registrant and the principal underwriter in connection with the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such Trustee, officer or controlling person or Invesco Distributors in connection with the Shares being registered, such indemnification by it is against public policy, as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31: | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
The only employment of a substantial nature of Invesco Advisers directors and officers is with the Advisers and its affiliated companies. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH, Invesco Asset Management Ltd., Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited, Invesco Hong Kong Limited, Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and Invesco Canada Ltd. (each a Sub-Adviser, collectively the Sub-Advisers) reference is made to Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 by each Sub-Adviser herein incorporated by reference. Reference is also made to the caption Fund Management The Advisers in the Prospectuses which comprises Part A of this Registration Statement, and to the caption Investment Advisory and Other Services of the Statement of Additional Information which comprises Part B of this Registration Statement, and to Item 32(b) of this Part C.
Item 32: | Location of Accounts and Records |
Invesco Advisers, Inc., 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309, maintains physical possession of each such account, book or other document of the Registrant at the Registrants principal executive offices as noted above, at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173, or at 400 West Market Street, Suite 3300, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, except for those maintained at the offices of, Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc., 1166 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, and except for those relating to certain transactions in portfolio securities that are maintained by the Registrants Custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02110 and the Registrants Transfer Agent and Dividend Paying Agent, Invesco Investment Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219078, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9078.
Records may also be maintained at the offices of:
Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH
An der Welle 5M
1st Floor
60322 Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt, Germany 60322
Invesco Asset Management Limited
Perpetual Park
Perpetual Park Drive
Henley-on-Thames
Oxfordshire RG9 1HH
United Kingdom
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited
Roppongi Hills Mori Tower 14F
P.O. Box 115
6-10-1 Roppongi
Minato-Ku, Tokyo 106-6114
Invesco Hong Kong Limited
41/F Citibank Tower
3 Garden Road, Central
Hong Kong
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.
1166 Avenue of the Americas
26th Floor
New York, New York 10036
Invesco Canada Ltd.
5140 Yonge Street
Suite 800
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M2N 6X7
Item 33: | Management Services |
Not applicable
Item 34: | Undertakings |
The Registrant hereby undertakes:
1. Not applicable
2. Not applicable
3. Not applicable
4. (a) To file during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: (i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) to reflect in the Prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; and (iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement.
(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) To remove from registration by means of post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
5. If applicable:
(a) For purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of a registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post- effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
6. To send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, its Statement of Additional Information.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, Invesco Senior Loan Fund, certifies that it meets all the requirements for effectiveness of this Amendment to the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 486(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Amendment to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized in the City of Atlanta, and the State of Georgia, on the 26th day of June, 2017.
I NVESCO S ENIOR L OAN F UND | ||
By: |
/s/ SHERI MORRIS |
|
Sheri Morris | ||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed on June 26, 2017 by the following persons in the capacities indicated:
Signatures |
Title |
|
Principal Executive Officer: |
||
/s/ SHERI MORRIS Sheri Morris |
President, Principal Executive Officer and Treasurer | |
Principal Financial Officer: | ||
/s/ KELLI GALLEGOS Kelli Gallegos |
Principal Financial Officer, Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
|
Trustees: |
||
/s/ DAVID C . ARCH * David C. Arch |
Trustee | |
/s/ JAMES T . BUNCH * James T. Bunch |
Trustee | |
/s/ BRUCE L . CROCKETT * Bruce L. Crockett |
Chair & Trustee | |
/s/ JACK M . FIELDS * Jack M. Fields |
Trustee | |
/s/ MARTIN L . FLANAGAN * Martin L. Flanagan |
Trustee | |
/s/ CYNTHIA HOSTETLER ** Cynthia Hostetler |
Trustee | |
/s/ ELI JONES * Eli Jones |
Trustee | |
/s/ PREMA MAHAI - DAVIS * Prema Mahai-Davis |
Trustee | |
/s/ TERESA M . RESSEL ** Teresa M. Ressel |
Trustee | |
/s/ LARRY SOLL * Larry Soll |
Trustee |
Signatures |
Title |
|
/s/ ANN BARNETT STERN ** Ann Barnett Stern |
Trustee | |
/s/ RAYMOND STICKEL , JR .* Raymond Stickel, Jr. |
Trustee | |
/s/ PHILIP A . TAYLOR * Philip A. Taylor |
Trustee | |
/s/ ROBERT C . TROCCOLI * Robert C. Troccoli |
Trustee | |
/s/ CHRISTOPHER L . WILSON ** Christopher L. Wilson |
Trustee |
* | Signed by Sheri Morris, pursuant to a Power of Attorney dated May 4, 2016, filed herewith. |
** | Signed by Sheri Morris, pursuant to a Power of Attorney dated March 28, 2017, filed herewith. |
/s/ SHERI MORRIS Sheri Morris Attorney-in-Fact |
June 26, 2017 |
SCHEDULE OF EXHIBITS TO FORM N-2
INVESCO SENIOR LOAN FUND
Exhibit Number |
Exhibit |
|
(a) | Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 19, 2016 | |
(b) | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws effective October 26, 2016 | |
(k)(2)(g) | Agreement of Amendment No. 7 dated November 18, 2016 | |
(l)(3) | Consent of Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP | |
(n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
(r)(1) | Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics | |
(r)(2) | Invesco Asset Management Limited (UK) Code of Ethics | |
(r)(3) | Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited Code of Conduct | |
(r)(4) | Invesco Hong Kong Limited Code of Ethics | |
(r)(5) | Invesco Canada Ltd. Code of Conduct | |
(r)(6) | Invesco EMEA-EX UK Employees Code of Ethics (Deutschland) | |
(r)(7) | Invesco Senior Secured Management Code of Ethics | |
(s) | Power of Attorney |
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT
AND DECLARATION OF TRUST OF
INVESCO SENIOR LOAN FUND
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST of Invesco Senior Loan Fund is made the 19 th day of December, 2016 by the parties signatory hereto, as Trustees;
WHEREAS the Trust was formed on April 2, 2012 by its sole Trustee by the filing of a Certificate of Trust with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to a Declaration of Trust, dated as of March 27, 2012, as amended and restated on May 15, 2012 (the Original Declaration);
WHEREAS the Trust has been formed to carry on the business of a closed-end management investment company as defined in the 1940 Act;
WHEREAS the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their hands as trustees of a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended from time to time, and the provisions hereinafter set forth; and
WHEREAS the Board of Trustees desires to amend and restate the Original Declaration in the manner hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that:
(i) the Original Declaration is amended and restated in its entirety in the manner hereinafter set forth;
(ii) all cash, securities and other assets that the Trust may from time to time acquire in any manner shall be managed and disposed of upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth; and
(iii) this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Bylaws shall be binding in accordance with their terms on every Trustee, by virtue of having become a Trustee of the Trust, and on every Shareholder, by virtue of having become a Shareholder of the Trust, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and the Bylaws.
ARTICLE I
NAME, DEFINITIONS, PURPOSE AND CERTIFICATE OF TRUST
Section 1.1 Name . The name of the statutory trust is Invesco Senior Loan Fund and the Trustees may transact the Trusts affairs in that name or any other name as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. The Trustees may, without Shareholder approval, change the name of the Trust or any Class. Any name change of any Class shall become
effective upon approval by the Trustees of such change or any document (including any Registration Statement) reflecting such change. Any name change of the Trust shall become effective upon the filing of a certificate of amendment under the Delaware Act reflecting such change. Any such action shall have the status of an amendment to this Agreement. In the event of any name change, the Trustees shall cause notice to be given to the affected Shareholders within a reasonable time after the implementation of such change, which notice will be deemed given if the changed name is reflected in any Registration Statement. The Trust shall constitute a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the Delaware Act.
Section 1.2 Definitions . Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided in the Governing Instrument:
(a) Affiliated Person, Commission, Company, Interested Person, Person, and Principal Underwriter shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act, as modified by or interpreted by any applicable order or orders of the Commission or any rules or regulations adopted by or interpretive releases of the Commission thereunder;
(b) Agreement means this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as it may be amended, restated or supplemented from time to time;
(c) Board of Trustees or Board shall mean the governing body of the Trust, that is comprised of the number of Trustees of the Trust fixed from time to time pursuant to Article III hereof, having the powers and duties set forth herein;
(d) Bylaws means the Bylaws of the Trust as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time by the Trustees;
(e) Certificate of Trust shall mean the certificate of trust of the Trust filed on April 2, 2012 with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as required under the Delaware Act, as such certificate may be amended or restated from time to time;
(f) Class means a portion of Shares of the Trust established in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.3;
(g) Class Expenses means expenses incurred by a particular Class in connection with a shareholder services arrangement or a distribution plan that is specific to such Class or any other differing share of expenses or differing fees, in each case pursuant to a plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act, as such plan or Rule may be amended from time to time;
(h) Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the regulations promulgated thereunder;
(i) Covered Person means a person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, or is or was serving at the request of the Trustees as a director, trustee, partner, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, trust, partnership, joint venture or other enterprise;
(j) Delaware Act refers to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. § 3801 et seq., as such Act may be amended from time to time;
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(k) Governing Instrument means collectively, this Agreement, the Bylaws, and all written committee and sub-committee charters adopted by the Trustees and any amendments or modifications thereto;
(l) Majority Shareholder Vote means the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust with each class of Shares voting together as a single class, except to the extent the 1940 Act or the Governing Instrument requires the separate vote of one or more classes of Shares, in which case the applicable proportion of such classes of Shares voting as a separate class, as the case may be, will be required;
(m) Majority Trustee Vote means the voting standard set forth in Section 2.4 of the Bylaws;
(n) 1940 Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, and the rules promulgated thereunder;
(o) Outstanding Shares means Shares shown on the books of the Trust or the Trusts transfer agent as then issued and outstanding, but excludes Shares that the Trust has repurchased;
(p) Proportionate Interest has the meaning specified in Section 2.5(c);
(q) Record Owner means, as of any particular time, a record owner of Outstanding Shares of the Trust shown on the books of the Trust or the Trusts transfer agent as then issued and outstanding at such time;
(r) Registration Statement shall mean the Trusts registration statement or statements as filed with the Commission, as from time to time in effect and shall include any prospectus or statement of additional information forming a part thereof;
(s) Schedule A has the meaning specified in Section 2.3;
(t) Shareholder means, as of any particular time, an owner of Outstanding Shares, whether beneficially or of record, of the Trust;
(u) Shares means, as to the Trust or any Class, the equal proportionate transferable units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest of the Trust or such Class shall be divided and may include fractions of Shares in 1/1000 th of a Share or integral multiples thereof as well as whole Shares;
(v) Trust means Invesco Senior Loan Fund, the Delaware statutory trust formed under the Original Declaration, as amended and restated by this Agreement, and by filing of the Certificate of Trust with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and governed by this Agreement, as such instruments may be further amended, restated or supplemented from time to time;
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(w) Trust Property means any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust, or by the Trustees on behalf of the Trust; and
(x) Trustees means the natural persons who have signed this Agreement as trustees and all other natural persons who may from time to time be duly appointed as Trustee in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.4, or elected as Trustee by the Shareholders, in each case so long as they shall continue to serve as trustees of the Trust in accordance with the terms hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or to the Trustees shall refer to such natural persons in their capacity as Trustees hereunder.
In this Agreement or in any amended, restated or supplemented Agreement, references to this Agreement, and all expressions like herein, hereof, and hereunder, shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement as amended, restated or supplemented. All expressions like his, he, and him, shall be deemed to include the feminine and neuter, as well as masculine, genders.
Section 1.3 Purpose . The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act investing primarily in securities and other financial instruments or property, and to carry on such other business as the Trustees may from time to time determine pursuant to their authority under this Agreement.
ARTICLE II
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
Section 2.1 Shares of Beneficial Interest . The beneficial interests of the Trust shall be divided into an unlimited number of Shares. The Trust is authorized to establish and designate one or more separate and distinct Classes. All Shares issued hereunder, including without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend or other distribution in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and nonassessable.
Section 2.2 Issuance of Shares . The Trustees in their discretion may, from time to time, without vote of the Shareholders, issue Shares, in addition to the then issued and Outstanding Shares, to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration, subject to applicable law, including cash or securities, at such time or times and on such terms as the Trustees may deem appropriate, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with, the assumption of liabilities) and businesses. In connection with any issuance of Shares, the Trustees may issue fractional Shares. The Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. Contributions to the Trust may be accepted for, and Shares shall be repurchased as, whole Shares and/or 1/1,000 th of a Share or integral multiples thereof.
Section 2.3 Establishment of Classes . The Trustees may establish one or more Classes of Shares, each with an unlimited number of Shares unless otherwise specified. The Trustees hereby establish and designate the Classes listed on Schedule A attached hereto and
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made a part hereof (Schedule A). Each additional Class shall be established by the adoption of one or more resolutions by the Trustees that set(s) forth the designation of, or otherwise identifies, such Class, whether directly in such resolution or by reference to, or approval of, another document that sets forth the designation of, or otherwise identifies, such Class, including any Registration Statement, any amendment of this Agreement and/or Schedule A or as otherwise provided in such resolution. Upon the establishment of any Class of Shares or the termination of any existing Class of Shares, Schedule A shall be amended to reflect the addition or termination of such Class and any officer of the Trust is hereby authorized to make such amendment; provided that the amendment of Schedule A shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment or termination of any Class in accordance with this Agreement. The Shares of each Class shall have the relative rights and preferences provided for herein and such rights and preferences as may be designated by the Trustees in any amendment or modification to the Trusts Governing Instrument, unless the establishing resolution or any other resolution adopted pursuant to Section 2.3 or the Registration Statement otherwise provides. Each Class so established and designated shall represent a Proportionate Interest in the net assets of the Trust and shall have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights and be subject to the same terms and conditions, except that (1) Class Expenses allocated to a Class for which such expenses were incurred shall be borne solely by that Class, (2) other expenses, costs, charges, and reserves allocated to a Class in accordance with Section 2.5(d) may be borne solely by that Class, provided that the allocation of such other expenses, costs, charges, and reserves is not specifically required to be set forth in a plan adopted by the Trust pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act, (3) dividends declared and payable to a Class pursuant to Section 7.2 shall reflect the items separately allocated thereto pursuant to the preceding clauses, (4) each Class may have separate rights to convert to another Class, exchange rights, and similar rights, each as determined by the Trustees, and (5) each Class may have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters affecting only that Class.
Section 2.4 Actions Affecting Classes . The Trustees shall have full power and authority, in their sole discretion without obtaining any prior authorization or vote of the Shareholders of the Trust or any Class thereof, to establish and designate and to change in any manner any Class or Classes; to fix or change such preferences, voting powers, rights, and privileges of any Classes as the Trustees may from time to time determine, including any change that may adversely affect a Shareholder; to divide or combine the Shares of the Trust or any Classes into a greater or lesser number of Shares; to classify or reclassify or convert any issued or unissued Shares of the Trust or any Classes into one or more Classes of Shares and, in connection therewith, to cause some or all of the Shareholders of such Class to be admitted as Shareholders of such other Class; and to take such other action with respect to the Shares as the Trustees may deem desirable. A Class may issue any number of Shares but need not issue any Shares. At any time that there are no Outstanding Shares of any particular Class previously established and designated, the Trustees may abolish that Class and the establishment and designation thereof.
Section 2.5 Relative Rights and Preferences . Unless the establishing resolution or any other resolution adopted pursuant to Section 2.3 or the Registration Statement otherwise provides, Shares of the Trust and each Class established hereunder shall have the following relative rights and preferences:
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(a) Except as set forth in Section 2.3 and paragraph (d) of this Section 2.5, each Share, regardless of Class, shall represent an equal pro rata interest in the assets belonging to the Trust and shall have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications and designations and terms and conditions with each other Share of the Trust.
(b) Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust or the Trustees, whether of the same or other Class.
(c) Each Class shall have a proportionate undivided interest (as determined by or at the direction of, or pursuant to authority granted by, the Trustees, consistent with industry practice) (Proportionate Interest) in the net assets belonging to the Trust. References herein to assets, expenses, charges, costs, and reserves allocable or allocated to a particular Class shall mean the aggregate amount of such item(s) of the Trust multiplied by the Classs Proportionate Interest.
(d) The Trustees may, in their sole discretion, allocate or authorize the allocation of particular expenses, costs, charges, and/or reserves to fewer than all the Classes. Class Expenses shall, in all cases, be allocated to the Class for which such Class Expenses were incurred. Any general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust that are not readily identifiable as chargeable to or bearable by any particular Class shall be allocated and charged by the Trustees between or among any one or more of the Classes in such manner as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. Each such allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Classes for all purposes.
(e) Shares repurchased by the Trust shall be deemed to be canceled.
(f) Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust, and any organization in which any such Person has an economic or other interest, may acquire, own, hold and dispose of Shares in the Trust, whether such Shares are authorized but unissued, or already outstanding, to the same extent as if such Person were not a Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust; and the Trust may issue and sell and may purchase such Shares from any such Person or any such organization, subject to the limitations, restrictions or other provisions applicable to the sale or purchase of such shares herein, the 1940 Act and other applicable law.
(g) The Trust may issue Shares in fractional denominations of 1/1000 th of a Share or integral multiples thereof to the same extent as its whole Shares, and Shares in fractional denominations shall be Shares having proportionately to the respective fractions represented thereby all the rights of whole Shares of the same Class, including without limitation, the right to vote, the right to receive dividends and distributions and the right to participate upon termination of the Trust.
(h) The Trustees shall have the authority to provide that the Shareholders of any Class shall have the right to exchange such Shares for Shares of one or more other Class of Shares or for interests in one or more trusts, corporations or other business entities (or a portfolio
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or series or class of any of the foregoing) in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.
All references to Shares in this Agreement shall be deemed to be shares of the Trust or any Class. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each Class of the Trust, except as the context otherwise requires.
Section 2.6 Other Securities . The Trustees may, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act and the Governing Instrument, authorize and issue such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the Trustees see fit, including debt securities or other senior securities. Any such supplement or amendment shall be filed as is necessary. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such Persons as they see fit to offer and sell such securities.
Section 2.7 Investment in the Trust . Investments may be accepted by the Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such consideration, which may consist of cash or tangible or intangible property or a combination thereof, as the Trustees from time to time may authorize. At the Trustees sole discretion, such investments, subject to applicable law, may be in the form of cash or securities in which the Trust is authorized to invest, valued as provided in applicable law. Each such investment shall be recorded in the individual Shareholders account in the form of full and fractional Shares of the Trust, in such Class then being offered by the Trust as the Shareholder shall select. The Trustees and their authorized agents shall have the right to refuse to issue Shares to any Person at any time and for any reason.
Section 2.8 Personal Liability of Shareholders . No Shareholder of the Trust shall be personally liable for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for, or otherwise existing with respect to, the Trust or any Class thereof. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee, or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder or to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay by way of subscription for any Shares or otherwise. The Shareholders shall be entitled, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to the same limitation of personal liability as is extended under the Delaware General Corporation Law to stockholders of private corporations for profit. Every note, bond, contract or other undertaking issued by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees relating to the Trust shall include a recitation limiting the obligation represented thereby to the Trust and its assets (but the omission of such a recitation shall not operate to bind any Shareholder or Trustee of the Trust or otherwise limit any benefits set forth in the Delaware Act that may be applicable to such Persons).
Section 2.9 Assent to Agreement . Every Shareholder, by virtue of having purchased a Share, shall be bound by, the terms of the Governing Instrument. The death, incapacity, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of a Shareholder during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust nor entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but only to rights of said decedent under the Governing Instrument. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust Property or right to call for
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a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners. Ownership of Shares shall not make the Shareholders third party beneficiaries of any contract entered into by the Trust.
Section 2.10 Disclosure of Holding . The Shareholders shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct or indirect ownership of Shares as the Trustees deem to be (i) in the best interests of the Trust or (ii) necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, the 1940 Act or other applicable laws or regulations, or to comply with the requirements of any other taxing or regulatory authority.
ARTICLE III
THE TRUSTEES
Section 3.1 Management of the Trust . The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same extent as if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust Property and business in their own right, but with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Agreement. The Trustees shall have power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Delaware, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, in any and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, or possessions of the United States of America, and in any and all foreign jurisdictions and to do all such other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Agreement, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees.
The enumeration of any specific power in this Agreement shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid power. The powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any court or other authority.
Section 3.2 Number of Trustees . The number of Trustees shall be such number as shall be fixed from time to time by a majority of the Trustees; provided, however, that the number of Trustees shall in no event be less than two (2) nor more than fifteen (15). The natural persons who have executed this Agreement shall be the Trustees as of the date hereof.
Section 3.3 Terms of Office of Trustees . The Trustees shall hold office during the lifetime of this Trust, and until its termination as herein provided; except that (A) any Trustee may resign his trusteeship or may retire by written instrument signed by him and delivered to the other Trustees, which shall take effect upon such delivery or upon such later date as is specified therein; (B) any Trustee may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by written instrument signed by at least two-thirds of the number of Trustees prior to such removal, specifying the date when such removal shall become effective; (C) any Trustee who has died, become physically or mentally incapacitated by reason of disease or otherwise, or is otherwise unable to serve, may be retired by written instrument signed by a majority of the other Trustees, specifying the date of his retirement; (D) a Trustee may be removed at any meeting of the
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Shareholders by a vote of the Shareholders owning at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the Outstanding Shares; and (E) a Trustee shall be retired in accordance with the terms of any retirement policy adopted by the Trustees and in effect from time to time.
Section 3.4 Vacancies and Appointment of Trustees . In case of the declination to serve, death, resignation, retirement or removal of a Trustee, or a Trustee is otherwise unable to serve, or an increase in the number of Trustees, a vacancy shall occur. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled, the other Trustees shall have all the powers hereunder and the determination of the other Trustees of such vacancy shall be conclusive. In the case of any vacancy, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing such other person as they in their discretion shall see fit, or may leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees to not less than two (2) Trustees. Such appointment shall be evidenced by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees in office or by resolution of the Board of Trustees, duly adopted, which shall be recorded in the minutes of a meeting of the Trustees, whereupon the appointment shall take effect. Shareholders shall not be entitled to elect Trustees except as required by the 1940 Act, or as otherwise considered necessary or desirable by the Trustees in their sole discretion. To the extent required by the 1940 Act, the Shareholders shall elect the Trustees on such dates as the Trustees may fix from time to time. The Shareholders may elect Trustees at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose. In the event that after the proxy material has been printed for a meeting of Shareholders at which Trustees are to be elected any one or more nominees named in such proxy material dies or become incapacitated or is otherwise unable or unwilling to serve, the authorized number of Trustees shall be automatically reduced by the number of such nominees, unless the Board of Trustees prior to the meeting shall otherwise determine. A meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of electing or removing one or more Trustees shall be called as provided in the Bylaws. An appointment of a Trustee may be made by the Trustees then in office in anticipation of a vacancy to occur by reason of retirement, resignation, or removal of a Trustee, or an increase in number of Trustees effective at a later date, provided that said appointment shall become effective only at the time or after the expected vacancy occurs.
Section 3.5 Temporary Absence of Trustee . Any Trustee may, by power of attorney, delegate his power for a period not exceeding six months at any one time to any other Trustee or Trustees, provided that in no case shall fewer than two Trustees personally exercise the other powers hereunder except as herein otherwise expressly provided.
Section 3.6 Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee . The declination to serve, death, resignation, retirement, removal, incapacity, or inability of the Trustees, or any one of them, shall not operate to terminate the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Whenever there shall be fewer than the designated number of Trustees, until additional Trustees are elected or appointed as provided herein to bring the total number of Trustees equal to the designated number, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Agreement.
Section 3.7 Ownership of Assets of the Trust . The assets of the Trust shall be held separate and apart from any assets now or hereafter held in any capacity other than as Trustee hereunder by the Trustees or any successor Trustees. Legal title in all of the assets of the Trust
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and the right to conduct any business shall at all times be considered to be held by or in the name of the Trust, except that the Trustees may cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by the Trustees or in the name of any other Person as nominee on behalf of the Trust. The right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each Person who may hereafter become a Trustee. Upon the resignation, retirement, removal, declination to serve, incapacity, or death of a Trustee, he or she shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered. No creditor of any Trustee shall have any right to obtain possession, or otherwise exercise legal or equitable remedies with respect to, any Trust Property with respect to any claim against, or obligation of, such Trustee in its individual capacity and not related to the Trust or any Class of the Trust. No Shareholder shall be deemed to have a severable ownership in any individual asset of the Trust, or allocable to any Class thereof, or any right of partition or possession thereof, but each Shareholder shall have, except as otherwise provided for herein, a proportionate undivided beneficial interest in the Trust or in assets allocable to the Class in which the Shareholder holds Shares. The Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights specifically set forth in this Agreement or the Delaware Act.
Section 3.8 Legal Standard . The Trustees shall be subject to the same fiduciary duties to which the directors of a Delaware corporation would be subject if the Trust were a Delaware corporation, the Shareholders were shareholders of such Delaware corporation and the Trustees were directors of such Delaware corporation, and such modified duties shall replace any fiduciary duties to which the Trustees would otherwise be subject. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all actions and omissions of the Trustees shall be evaluated under the doctrine commonly referred to as the business judgment rule, as defined and developed under Delaware law, to the same extent that the same actions or omissions of directors of a Delaware corporation in a substantially similar circumstance would be evaluated under such doctrine. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of the Governing Instrument, to the extent that they modify, restrict or eliminate the duties (including fiduciary duties), and liabilities relating thereto, of a Trustee otherwise applicable under the foregoing standard or otherwise existing at law (statutory or common) or in equity, are agreed by each Shareholder and the Trust to replace such duties and liabilities of such Trustee under the foregoing standard or otherwise existing at law (statutory or common) or in equity.
Section 3.9 Other Business Interests . The Trustees shall devote to the affairs of the Trust such time as may be necessary for the proper performance of their duties hereunder, but neither the Trustees nor the officers, directors, shareholders, partners or employees of the Trustees, if any, shall be expected to devote their full time to the performance of such duties. The Trustees, or any Affiliated Person, shareholder, officer, director, partner or employee thereof, or any Person owning a legal or beneficial interest therein, may engage in, or possess an interest in, any business or venture other than the Trust, of any nature and description, independently or with or for the account of others. None of the Trust or any Shareholder shall have the right to participate or share in such other business or venture or any profit or compensation derived therefrom.
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ARTICLE IV
POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES
Section 4.1 Powers . Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and the Trustees shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in securities transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. The Trustees in all instances shall act as principals, and are and shall be free from the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to do any and all acts and to make and execute any and all contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or appropriate in connection with the management of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing and subject to any applicable limitation in the Governing Instrument or applicable law, the Trustees shall have power and authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash and other property, and to hold cash or other property uninvested, without in any event being bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investments by Trustees, and to sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write options on, distribute and otherwise deal with and lease any or all of the assets of the Trust;
(b) To operate as, and to carry on the business of, an investment company, and to exercise all the powers necessary and appropriate to the conduct of such operations;
(c) To borrow money and in this connection issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness; to secure borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the Trust Property; to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of an obligation or engagement of any other Person and to lend Trust Property;
(d) To provide for the distribution of Shares either through a principal underwriter in the manner hereafter provided for or by the Trust itself, or both, or otherwise pursuant to a plan of distribution of any kind;
(e) To adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this Agreement providing for the conduct of the business of the Trust and to amend and repeal them to the extent that they do not reserve such right to the Shareholders; such Bylaws shall be deemed incorporated and included in the Governing Instrument;
(f) To elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate;
(g) To employ one or more banks, trust companies or companies that are members of a national securities exchange or such other domestic or foreign entities as custodians of any assets of the Trust subject to any conditions set forth the Governing Instrument;
(h) To retain one or more transfer agents and shareholder servicing agents;
(i) To set record dates in the manner provided herein or in the Bylaws;
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(j) To delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officers of the Trust and to any investment adviser, manager, administrator, custodian, underwriter or other agent or independent contractor;
(k) To sell or exchange any or all of the assets of the Trust, subject to the right of Shareholders, if any, to vote on such transaction pursuant to Section 6.1;
(l) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies and powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustee shall deem proper;
(m) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise that in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(n) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust, whether in bearer, book entry, unregistered or other negotiable form; or either in the name of the Trust or a custodian or a nominee or nominees, subject in either case to proper safeguards according to the usual practice of Delaware statutory trusts or investment companies;
(o) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or concern, with respect to any security held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase, or sale of property by such corporation or concern, and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;
(p) To compromise, arbitrate, or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or any matter in controversy including, but not limited to, claims for taxes;
(q) To declare and pay dividends and make distributions of income and of capital gains and capital to Shareholders in the manner hereinafter provided;
(r) To repurchase Shares as provided for in this Agreement, upon such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall establish;
(s) To establish one or more committees or sub-committees, to delegate any of the powers of the Trustees to said committees or sub-committees and to adopt a written charter for one or more of such committees or sub-committees governing its membership, duties and operations and any other characteristics as the Trustees may deem proper, each of which committees and sub-committees may consist of less than the whole number of Trustees then in office, and may be empowered to act for and bind the Trustees and the Trust as if the acts of such committee or sub-committee were the acts of all the Trustees then in office;
(t) To interpret the investment policies, practices or limitations of the Trust;
(u) To establish a registered office and have a registered agent in the State of Delaware;
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(v) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and any other combinations and associations;
(w) Subject to the 1940 Act, to engage in any other lawful act or activity in which a statutory trust organized under the Delaware Act may engage; and
(x) In general, to carry on any other business in connection with or incidental to any of the foregoing powers, to do everything necessary, suitable or proper for the accomplishment of any purpose or the attainment of any object or the furtherance of any power hereinbefore set forth, either alone or in association with others, and to do every other act or thing incidental or appurtenant to or growing out of or connected with the aforesaid business or purposes, objects or powers.
The foregoing clauses shall be construed both as objects and powers, and the foregoing enumeration of specific powers shall not be held to limit or restrict in any manner the general powers of the Trustees. Any action by one or more of the Trustees in their capacity as such hereunder shall be deemed an action on behalf of the Trust, and not an action in an individual capacity.
The Trustees shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before the possible termination of the Trust.
No one dealing with the Trustees shall be under any obligation to make any inquiry concerning the authority of the Trustees, or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trustees or upon their order.
Section 4.2 Issuance and Repurchase of Shares . The Trustees shall have the power to issue, sell, repurchase, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, and otherwise deal in Shares and, subject to the provisions set forth in Articles II and VII hereof, to apply to any such repurchase, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or property of the Trust with respect to which such Shares are issued.
Section 4.3 Principal Transactions . Subject to Article IX, the Trustees may, on behalf of the Trust, buy any securities from or sell any securities to, or lend any assets of the Trust to, any Trustee or officer of the Trust or any firm of which any such Trustee or officer is a member acting as principal, or have any such dealings with any investment adviser, underwriter, or transfer agent for the Trust or with any Affiliated Person of such Person; and the Trust may employ any such Person, or firm or Company in which such Person is an Affiliated Person, as broker, legal counsel, registrar, investment adviser, underwriter, administrator, transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent, custodian, or in any capacity upon customary terms, subject in all cases to applicable laws, rules, and regulations and orders of regulatory authorities.
Section 4.4 Payment of Expenses by the Trust . The Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or partly out of the principal and partly out of income, and to charge or allocate to, between or among such one or more Classes, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust or Class, or in connection with the management thereof, including, but
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not limited to, the Trustees compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trusts officers, employees, investment adviser and manager, administrator, principal underwriter, auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Section 4.5 Trustee Compensation . The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust. They may fix the amount of their compensation. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for advisory, management, administrative, legal, accounting, investment banking, underwriting, brokerage, or investment dealer or other services and the payment for the same by the Trust.
Section 4.6 Independent Trustee . A Trustee who is an independent trustee, as that term is defined in the Delaware Act, shall be deemed to be independent and disinterested for all purposes when making any determinations or taking any action as a Trustee.
ARTICLE V
INVESTMENT ADVISER, PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER AND
TRANSFER AGENT
Section 5.1 Investment Adviser .
(a) The Trustees may in their discretion, from time to time, enter into an investment advisory or management contract or contracts with respect to the Trust whereby the other party or parties to such contract or contracts shall undertake to furnish the Trustees with such management, investment advisory, statistical and research facilities and services and such other facilities and services, if any, and all upon such terms and conditions, as the Trustees may in their discretion determine.
(b) The Trustees may authorize the investment adviser to employ, from time to time, one or more sub-advisers to perform such of the acts and services of the investment adviser, and upon such terms and conditions, as may be agreed upon among the Trustees, the investment adviser and sub-adviser. Any references in this Agreement to the investment adviser shall be deemed to include such sub-advisers, unless the context otherwise requires.
Section 5.2 Other Service Contracts . The Trustees may authorize the engagement of a principal underwriter, transfer agent, administrator, custodian, and any other service providers they deem to be in the best interest of the Trust.
Section 5.3 Parties to Contract . Any contract of the character described in Sections 5.1 and 5.2 may be entered into with any corporation, firm, partnership, trust, association or other legal entity, although one or more of the Trustees or officers of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, member, employee or agent or hold any other similar officer with respect to such other party to the contract.
Section 5.4 Miscellaneous .
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(a) The fact that (i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager, adviser, principal underwriter or distributor or agent of or for any Company or of or for any parent or affiliate of any Company, with which an advisory or administration contract, or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing, custodian or other agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such Company, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that (ii) any Company with which an advisory or administration contract or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing, custodian, or other agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory or administration contract, or principal underwriters or distributors contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing, custodian or other agency contract with one or more other companies, or has other business or interests shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
(b) The authority of the Trustees hereunder to authorize the Trust to enter into contracts or other agreements or arrangements shall include the authority of the Trustees to modify, amend, waive any provision of, supplement, assign all or a portion of, novate, or terminate such contracts, agreements or arrangements. The enumeration of any specific contracts in this Article V shall in no way be deemed to limit the power and authority of the Trustees as otherwise set forth in this Agreement to authorize the Trust to employ, contract with or make payments to such Persons as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust.
ARTICLE VI
SHAREHOLDERS VOTING POWERS AND MEETING
Section 6.1 Voting Powers .
(a) The Shareholders shall have power to vote only to:
(i) | Elect Trustees, provided that a meeting of Shareholders has been called for that purpose; |
(ii) | Approve transactions described in Section 6.2, Section 9.1 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8 of this Agreement; |
(iii) | Approve any amendment to this Article VI, Section 9.1 or Sections 9.4 through 9.8 or, to the extent required by Section 6.2, to Section 8.4; |
(iv) | Approve such additional matters as may be required by the 1940 Act or the Governing Instrument, or as the Trustees, in their sole discretion, shall determine. |
(b) Until Shares are issued, the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any action required or permitted by law or by the Governing Instrument that may be taken by Shareholders.
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(c) Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote, and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote.
(d) Except as otherwise provided in the Governing Instrument, on any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares shall be voted together as a single class, except when required by applicable law, or when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of one or more classes or affects each class differently, then the Shareholders of each such affected class shall be entitled to vote separately thereon.
(e) Shareholders shall not be entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Trustees or on any other matter.
(f) Subject to any provision of applicable law and except as otherwise provided in the Governing Instrument, an affirmative Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required to approve any matter requiring a vote of the Shareholders.
(g) Only Record Owners shall have the power to cast a vote at a meeting of shareholders subject to the voting provisions set forth in the Governing Instrument. Beneficial owners of Shares who are not Record Owners shall not be entitled to cast a vote at a meeting of Shareholders but shall be entitled to provide voting instructions to corresponding Record Owners, subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law and stock exchanges on which the Shares are listed for trading.
Section 6.2 Additional Voting Powers and Voting Requirements for Certain Actions .
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Shareholders shall have power to vote to approve any amendment to Section 8.4 of this Agreement approved by the Board of Trustees that would have the effect of reducing the indemnification provided thereby to Shareholders or former Shareholders, and any such action shall require the affirmative vote or consent of Shareholders owning at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Outstanding Shares.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, any amendment to this Article VI, Section 9.1 or Sections 9.4 through 9.8 of this Agreement shall require the affirmative vote or consent of the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote or consent of Shareholders owning at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Outstanding Shares, unless such amendment has been previously approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of at least two thirds (66 2/3%) of the Board of Trustees, in which case an affirmative Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required.
(c) The voting requirements set forth in this Section 6.2 shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any vote or consent of the Shareholders otherwise required by applicable law (including, without limitation, any separate vote by class that may be required by the 1940 Act) or by the Governing Instrument.
(d) Any additional matter not expressly requiring a vote of Shareholders on which the Trustees determine the Shareholders shall have power to vote shall require the affirmative vote or consent of Shareholders owning at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the
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Outstanding Shares, unless such matter has been previously approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the Board of Trustees, in which case an affirmative Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required.
ARTICLE VII
NET ASSET VALUE, DISTRIBUTIONS AND REPURCHASES
Section 7.1 Net Asset Value . Subject to applicable federal law including the 1940 Act and Article II hereof, the Trustees, in their sole discretion, may prescribe (and delegate to any officer of the Trust or any other Person or Persons the right and obligation to prescribe) such bases and time (including any methodology or plan) for determining the per Share or net asset value of the Shares of any Class or net income attributable to the Shares of any Class, or the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions on the Shares of any Class and the method of determining the Shareholders to whom dividends and distributions are payable, as they may deem necessary or desirable.
Section 7.2 Distributions . The Trustees may from time to time declare and pay dividends and make other distributions with respect to any Shares or Class thereof, which may be from surplus, income, capital gains or capital or distributions in kind of the assets of the Trust. The amount of such dividends or distributions and the payment of them and whether they are in cash or any other Trust Property shall be wholly in the discretion of the Trustees, although the Trustees may delegate the authority to set record, declaration, payment and ex-dividend dates, determine the amount of dividends and distributions and pay such dividends and distributions. Dividends and other distributions may be paid pursuant to a standing resolution adopted once or more often as the Trustees determine. The Trustees shall have the power and authority to amend, correct or change the amount of any declared dividend or distribution from time to time until such dividend or distribution has been paid to Shareholders. All dividends and other distributions on Shares of a Class shall be distributed pro rata to the Record Owners of such Class, as the case may be, in proportion to the number of Shares of such Class they held on the record date established for such payment, provided that such dividends or other distributions on Shares of a Class shall appropriately reflect Class Expenses and other expenses allocated to that Class. The Trustees may adopt and offer to Shareholders such dividend reinvestment plans, cash distribution payment plans, or similar plans as the Trustees deem appropriate.
Section 7.3 Repurchase of Shares With Shareholder Consent .
(a) Subject to the Governing Instrument, the Trust may repurchase Shares on the open market or such Shares as are tendered by any Record Owner for repurchase pursuant to a repurchase offer (including, without limitation, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act) or tender offer, if any, made by the Trust periodically or from time to time, upon the presentation by the Record Owner of a proper instrument of transfer together with a request directed to the Trust, its transfer agent or other duly authorized agent, that the Trust repurchase such Shares, or in accordance with such other procedures for repurchase as the Board of Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor a price that meets the requirements of Section 23 of the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, and that is in accordance with the terms of such repurchase offer, tender offer, the Governing Instrument and other applicable law.
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(b) The repurchase price may in any case or cases be paid wholly or partly in kind if the Board of Trustees determines that such payment is advisable in the interest of the Trust. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of securities or other property of the Trust so paid or delivered as all or part of the repurchase price shall be determined by or under authority of the Board of Trustees. Subject to applicable law, the Trust shall not be liable for any delay of any Person in transferring securities or other property selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.
Section 7.4 Repurchase of Shares Without Shareholder Consent . Subject to the Governing Instrument, the Trust shall have the right at its option and at any time, subject to the 1940 Act and other applicable law, to repurchase Shares of any Shareholder at a price that meets the requirements of Section 23 of the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, and that is in accordance with the terms of the Governing Instrument and other applicable law: (a) if at such time, such Shareholder owns Shares having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (b) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares in an amount less than, equal to or in excess of a percentage or certain number of the Shares determined from time to time by the Trustees.
Section 7.5 Transfer of Shares . Shares shall be transferable in accordance with the provisions of the Bylaws.
Section 7.6 Redemptions . Shares are not redeemable at the option of the holders thereof.
ARTICLE VIII
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability . A Trustee or officer of the Trust, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any Trustee or officer of the Trust; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall protect any Trustee or officer against any liability to the Trust or to Shareholders to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office with the Trust.
Section 8.2 Indemnification of Covered Persons . Every Covered Person shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware Act, the Bylaws and other applicable law.
Section 8.3 Insurance . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Board of Trustees shall have the authority to purchase with Trust Property insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Covered Person in connection with any proceeding in which such Covered Person becomes involved by virtue of such Covered Persons actions, or omissions to act, in its capacity or former capacity with the Trust, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Covered Person against such liability.
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Section 8.4 Indemnification of Shareholders . In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a Shareholder of the Trust or any Class and not because of his acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives, or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or general successor) shall be entitled, out of the Trusts assets allocable to the applicable Class, to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability in accordance with the Bylaws and applicable law. The Trust, on behalf of the affected Class, shall upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any such claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Class.
ARTICLE IX
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 9.1 Vote Required . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary and subject to the exceptions provided in this Article IX, each of the transactions described in Section 9.1 and Sections 9.4 through 9.8 shall require the approval of the Board of Trustees followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of the Outstanding Shares entitled to vote unless such transaction has been previously approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the Board of Trustees, in which case an affirmative Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required. Such affirmative vote shall be in addition to the vote or consent of Shareholders otherwise required by law or any agreement between the Trust and any national securities exchange.
Section 9.2 Trust Not a Partnership; Taxation . It is hereby expressly declared that a trust and not a partnership is created hereby. No Trustee hereunder shall have any power to bind personally either the Trusts officers or any Shareholder. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees in their capacity as such shall look only to the assets of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Shareholders, the Trustees, nor the Trusts officers nor any of the agents of the Trustees whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
The Board of Trustees shall have the power, in its discretion, to make an initial entity classification election, and to change any such entity classification election, of the Trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes as may be permitted or required under the Code, without the vote or consent of any Shareholder. In furtherance thereof, the Board of Trustees, or an appropriate officer as determined by the Board of Trustees, is authorized (but not required) to make and sign any such entity classification election on Form 8832, Entity Classification Election (or successor form thereto), on behalf of the Trust, sign the consent statement contained therein on behalf of all of the Shareholders thereof, and file the same with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
Section 9.3 Trustees Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety . The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretion hereunder in good faith and with reasonable care under the circumstances then prevailing shall be binding upon everyone interested. Subject to the provisions of Article VIII and to Section 9.2, the Trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel
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or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Agreement, and subject to the provisions of Article VIII and Section 9.2, shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is obtained. The appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee as chair of the Trustees, a member or chair of a committee of the Trustees, an expert on any topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or the lead Independent Trustee, or any other special appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee, shall not impose on that person any standard of care or liability that is greater than that imposed on that person as a Trustee in the absence of the appointment, designation or identification, and no Trustee who has special skills or expertise, or is appointed, designated or identified as aforesaid, shall be held to a higher standard of care by virtue thereof. In addition, no appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee as aforesaid shall affect in any way that Trustees rights or entitlement to indemnification or advancement of expenses.
Section 9.4 Dissolution of the Trust or Termination of a Class .
(a) The Trust shall have perpetual existence, except that the Trust shall be dissolved upon approval by vote of the Board followed by a vote of Shareholders as set forth in Section 9.1; provided that if the affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Board approves the dissolution, no vote of Shareholders shall be required to dissolve the Trust.
(b) Upon dissolution of the Trust, the Trust shall carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs, and all powers of the Trustees under this Agreement shall continue until such affairs have been wound up. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall (in accordance with Section 3808 of the Delaware Act) have the power to:
(i) Fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust;
(ii) Collect its assets;
(iii) Sell, convey, assign, exchange, merge where the Trust is not the survivor, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash, securities or other property of any kind;
(iv) Pay or make reasonable provision (including through the use of a liquidating trust) to pay all claims and obligations of the Trust, including all contingent, conditional or unmatured claims and obligations known to the Trust, and all claims and obligations which are known to the Trust, but for which the identity of the claimant is unknown, and claims and obligations that have not been made known to the Trust or that have not arisen but that, based on the facts known to the Trust, are likely to arise or to become known to the Trust within 10 years after the date of dissolution; and
(v) Do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business.
(c) If there are sufficient assets held with respect to the Trust, such claims and obligations shall be paid in full and any such provisions for payment shall be made in full. If there are insufficient assets held with respect to the Trust, such claims and obligations shall be
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paid or provided for according to their priority and, among claims and obligations of equal priority, ratably to the extent of assets available therefor. Any remaining assets (including, without limitation, cash, securities or any combination thereof) held with respect to the Trust shall be distributed to the Record Owners of the Trust ratably according to the number of Shares of the Trust held of record by the several Record Owners on the date for such dissolution distribution, subject to any then existing preferential rights of Shares.
(d) On completion of distribution of the remaining assets and upon the winding up of the Trust in accordance with Section 3808 of the Delaware Act and its termination, any one (1) Trustee shall execute, and cause to be filed, a certificate of cancellation, with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the provisions of Section 3810 of the Delaware Act, whereupon, the Trust shall terminate and the Trustees and the Trust shall be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder with respect thereto. The Trustees shall not be personally liable to the claimants of the dissolved Trust by reason of the Trustees actions in winding up the Trusts affairs if the Trustees complied with Section 3808(e) of the Delaware Act.
(e) Each class hereafter created shall have perpetual existence unless terminated upon:
(i) The vote of the Board of Trustees; or
(ii) The occurrence of a termination event pursuant to any Board resolution establishing and designating such class.
Section 9.5 Merger or Consolidation; Conversion; Reorganization .
(a) Merger or Consolidation.
(i) Pursuant to an agreement of merger or consolidation, the Board of Trustees may cause the Trust or any of its subsidiaries to merge or consolidate with or into one or more statutory trusts or other business entities (as defined in Section 3801 of the Delaware Act) formed or organized or existing under the laws of the State of Delaware or any other state of the United States or any foreign country or other foreign jurisdiction. Any such merger or consolidation shall require approval by vote of the Board of Trustees followed by approval of the Shareholders as set forth in Section 9.1.
(ii) By reference to Section 3815(f) of the Delaware Act, any agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with this Section 9.5(a) may, without a separate Shareholder vote, unless required by the 1940 Act or the requirements of any securities exchange on which Shares are listed for trading, effect any amendment to the Governing Instrument or effect the adoption of a new governing instrument if the Trust is the surviving or resulting statutory trust in the merger or consolidation, which amendment or new governing instrument shall be effective at the effective time or date of the merger or consolidation.
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(iii) If the Trust is to be the surviving or resulting statutory trust, any one (1) Trustee shall execute, and cause to be filed, a certificate of merger or consolidation in accordance with Section 3815 of the Delaware Act.
(b) Conversion.
(i) The Board of Trustees may cause:
(A) The Trust to convert to an other business entity (as defined in Section 3801 of the Delaware Act) formed or organized under the laws of the State of Delaware as permitted pursuant to Section 3821 of the Delaware Act;
(B) The Shares of the Trust to be converted into beneficial interests in another statutory trust; or
(C) The Shares to be exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute to the extent permitted by law.
(ii) Any such statutory conversion, Share conversion or Share exchange shall require approval by vote of the Board of Trustees followed by the approval of the Shareholders of the Trust as set forth in Section 9.1.
(c) Reorganization.
(i) The Board of Trustees may cause the Trust to sell, convey and transfer all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust (sale of Trust assets) to another trust, statutory trust, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, corporation or other association organized under the laws of any state, or to one or more separate series thereof, in exchange for cash, shares or other securities, with such sale, conveyance and transfer either (a) being made subject to, or with the assumption by the transferee of, the liabilities associated with the Trust, or (b) not being made subject to, or not with the assumption of, such liabilities.
(ii) Any such sale, conveyance and transfer shall require approval by vote of the Board of Trustees followed by the approval of the Shareholders of the Trust as set forth in Section 9.1.
(iii) Following such sale of Trust assets, the Board of Trustees shall distribute such cash, shares or other securities ratably among the Record Owners of the Trust (giving due effect to the differences among the various classes).
(iv) If all of the assets of the Trust have been so sold, conveyed and transferred, the Trust shall be dissolved.
Section 9.6 Reclassification of the Trust . The Board of Trustees may cause the Trust to be converted from a closed-end company to an open-end company (as those terms are defined, respectively, in Sections 5(a)(2) and 5(a)(1) of the 1940 Act). Such reclassification of the Trust shall require approval by vote of the Board of Trustees followed by the approval of Shareholders as set forth in Section 9.1.
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Section 9.7 Principal Shareholder Transactions .
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement and subject to the exceptions provided in Section 9.7(c), the types of transactions described in sub-paragraphs (1) through (3) below shall require approval by vote of the Board of Trustees and the Shareholders of the Trust as set forth in Section 9.1 when a Principal Shareholder (as defined in Section 9.7(b)) is a party to the transaction.
(i) The issuance of any securities of the Trust or any of its subsidiaries to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan).
(ii) The sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Trust or any of its subsidiaries to any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust or any of its subsidiaries, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period).
(iii) The sale, lease, or exchange to the Trust or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the Trust or any of its subsidiaries, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust or any of its subsidiaries, aggregating for the purpose of such computation, all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period).
(b) For purposes of this Section 9.7, the term Principal Shareholder shall mean any Person or group (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 1934 Act)), that is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the Shares of the Trust and shall include any affiliate or associate, as such terms are defined in clause (2) below, of a Principal Shareholder, but shall not include the investment adviser of the Trust or any affiliated person of the investment adviser of the Trust. For the purposes of this Section 9.7, in addition to the Shares that a Principal Shareholder beneficially owns directly, a Principal Shareholder shall be deemed to be the beneficial owner of any Shares (1) which the Principal Shareholder has the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement or upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise or (2) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly (including Shares deemed owned through application of clause (1) above), by any other Person or group with which the Principal Shareholder or its affiliate or associate, as those terms are defined in Rule 12b-2, or any successor rule, under the 1934 Act, has any agreement, arrangement, or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting, or disposing of Shares, or which is its affiliate or associate as so defined. For purposes of this Section 9.7, calculation of the total Shares of the Trust shall not include Shares deemed owned through application of clause (1) above.
(c) The provisions of this Section 9.7 shall not be applicable to any such transaction between the Trust and any entity of which a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of a stock normally entitled to vote in elections of directors is owned of record and beneficially by the Trust and its subsidiaries.
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(d) The Board of Trustees shall have the power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Section 9.7, on the basis of information known to the Trust, whether:
(i) A Person or group beneficially owns five percent (5%) or more of the Shares;
(ii) A corporation, person or entity is an affiliate or associate (as defined above) of another; and
(iii) The assets being sold, leased or exchanged by or to the Trust have an aggregate fair market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the Trust (as defined above).
Any such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Section 9.7 in the absence of manifest error.
Section 9.8 Absence of Appraisal or Dissenters Rights . No Shareholder shall be entitled, as a matter of right, to an appraisal by the Delaware Court of Chancery or otherwise of the fair value of the Shareholders Shares or to any other relief as a dissenting Shareholder in respect of any proposal or action involving the Trust or any class of Shares.
Section 9.9 Filing of Copies, References, Headings . The original or a copy of this Agreement or any amendment hereto or any supplemental agreement shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and in case of any conflict, the text of this Agreement, rather than the headings, shall control. This Agreement and any document, consent or instrument referenced in or contemplated by this Agreement or the Bylaws may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, (i) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Agreement or the Bylaws that is to be executed by one or more Trustees may be executed by means of original, facsimile or electronic signature and (ii) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Agreement or the Bylaws that is to be delivered by one or more Trustees may be delivered by facsimile or electronic means (including e-mail), unless, in the case of either clause (i) or (ii), otherwise determined by the Trustees. The terms include, includes and including and any comparable terms shall be deemed to mean including, without limitation. Any reference to any statute, law, code, rule or regulation shall be deemed to refer to such statute, law, code, rule or regulation as amended or restated from time to time and any successor thereto.
Section 9.10 Governing Law . The Trust and the Governing Instrument (including this Agreement) and the rights, obligations and remedies of the Trustees and Shareholders hereunder, are to be governed by and construed and administered according to the Delaware Act, including the provision that gives maximum freedom to contract, and the other laws of the State of Delaware and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following provisions shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees, the Shareholders or the Governing Instrument: (A) the provisions of Sections 3533, 3540, 3561 and 3583(a) of Title 12 of the Delaware Code or (B) any provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of
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Delaware (other than the Delaware Act) pertaining to trusts which relate to or regulate (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining court or other governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums payable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding of trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards or responsibilities or limitations on the indemnification, acts or powers of trustees or other Persons, which are inconsistent with the limitations of liabilities or authorities and powers of the Trustees or officers of the Trust set forth or referenced in the Governing Instrument.
The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a statutory trust, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a trust under Delaware law. The Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to trusts or actions that may be engaged in by trusts under the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions; provided, however, that the exercise of any such power, privilege or action shall not otherwise violate applicable law.
Section 9.11 Amendments . Except as specifically provided in Article VI hereof or otherwise expressly limited by the Governing Instrument, the Trustees may, without any Shareholder vote, amend this Agreement by making an amendment to this Agreement, an agreement supplemental hereto, or an amended and restated trust instrument. Any such amendment to any Article of this Agreement except to Section 3.2 to change the minimum or maximum number of trustees, to Article VI or Section 9.1 or Sections 9.4 through 9.8, to the extent required by Section 6.2, to Section 8.4 or to this Section 9.11, having been approved by a Majority Trustee Vote, shall become effective, unless otherwise provided by such Trustees (notwithstanding that the section being amended may require a higher Trustee vote), upon being executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust. Any amendment to Section 3.2 to change the minimum or maximum number of trustees or to this Section 9.11, having been approved by the affirmative vote of 75% of the Board of Trustees shall become effective upon being executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust. For the avoidance of doubt, any determination of the number of trustees within the minimum and maximum range may be determined by a majority of the Trustees are not subject to a Majority Trustee Vote. Any amendment to Article VI, Section 9.1 or Sections 9.4 through 9.8, or, to the extent required by Section 6.2, Section 8.4, having been approved by the requisite vote of the Board of Trustees followed by the requisite vote of the Shareholders as provided in Section 9.1, shall become effective upon being executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust. A certification signed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust setting forth an amendment to this Agreement and reciting that it was duly adopted by the Shareholders or by the Trustees as aforesaid, or a copy of this Agreement, as amended, executed by a majority of the Trustees, or a duly authorized officer of the Trust, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the Trust.
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Section 9.12 Provisions in Conflict with Law . The provisions of this Agreement are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with applicable law, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Agreement; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Agreement or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Agreement in any jurisdiction.
Section 9.13 Inspection of Records . Every Trustee shall have the right at any reasonable time to inspect all books, records, and documents of every kind and the physical properties of the Trust. This inspection by a Trustee may be made in person or by an agent or attorney and the right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts of documents. Except as may be permitted by Regulation 14A promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, no Shareholder shall have the right to obtain from the Trust a list of the Trusts Shareholders. Except as required by the 1940 Act, Shareholders shall have no right to inspect the records, documents, accounts and books of the Trust. Any request to inspect the records of the Trust shall be submitted by the Shareholder to the Trust in writing. Upon receipt of any such request, the Trustees shall determine whether delivery of records pertaining to such request is required by the 1940 Act or is otherwise necessary or appropriate, as determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion, and whether such request complies with the requirements of the 1940 Act and, if so, establish procedures for such inspection. To preserve the integrity of the records, the Trust may provide certified copies of Trust records rather than originals. The Trust shall not be required to create records or obtain records from third parties to satisfy a Shareholder request. The Trust may require a requesting Shareholder to pay in advance or otherwise indemnify the Trust for the costs and expenses of such Shareholders inspection of records. The rights provided for in this Section 9.13 shall not extend to any Person who is a Shareholder but not also a Record Owner.
Section 9.14 Use of the Name Invesco . The Board of Trustees expressly agrees and acknowledges that the name Invesco is the sole property of Invesco Ltd. (Invesco). Invesco has granted to the Trust a non-exclusive license to use such name as part of the name of the Trust now and in the future. The Board of Trustees further expressly agrees and acknowledges that the non-exclusive license granted herein may be terminated by Invesco if the Trust ceases to use Invesco or one of its Affiliated Persons as investment adviser or to use other Affiliated Persons or successors of Invesco for such purposes. In such event, the non-exclusive license may be revoked by Invesco and the Trust shall cease using the name Invesco or any name misleadingly implying a continuing relationship between the Trust and Invesco or any of its Affiliated Persons, as part of its name unless otherwise consented to by Invesco or any successor to its interests in such name.
The Board of Trustees further understands and agrees that so long as Invesco and/or any future advisory Affiliated Person of Invesco shall continue to serve as the Trusts investment adviser, other registered open- or closed-end investment companies (funds) and other types of investment vehicles as may be sponsored or advised by Invesco or its Affiliated
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Persons shall have the right permanently to adopt and to use the name Invesco in their names and in the names of any series or class of shares of such funds.
Section 9.15 Derivative Actions . In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met:
(a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 9.15(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees is composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees and the Board of Trustees has not established a committee to consider the merits of such action or, if the Board of Trustees has established such a committee, a majority of that committee is composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees;
(b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 9.15, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding, or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Classes, must join in the pre-suit demand for the Trustees to commence such action; and
(c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 9.15, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.
(d) For purposes of this Section 9.15, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees. The Trustees on that committee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees on the committee determine not to bring such action.
(e) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, claims) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Class agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Class either equally or proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.15 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.
Section 9.16 Jurisdiction and Waiver of Jury Trial . In accordance with Section 3804(e) of the Delaware Act, any suit, action or proceeding brought by or in the right of any Shareholder
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or any Person claiming any interest in any Shares seeking to enforce any provision of, based on any matter arising out of, or in connection with, the Governing Instrument or the Trust, any Class, or any Shares (including any claim of any nature against the Trust, any Class, the Trustees, or officers of the Trust) shall be brought exclusively in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware to the extent there is subject matter jurisdiction in such court for the claims asserted or, if not, then in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware. All Shareholders and other such Persons hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of such courts (and the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding and irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection they may make now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding in such court or that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Further, IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN THE SUPERIOR COURT IN THE STATE OF DELAWARE, ALL SHAREHOLDERS AND ALL OTHER SUCH PERSONS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. All Shareholders and other such Persons agree that service of summons, complaint or other process in connection with any proceedings may be made by registered or certified mail or by overnight courier addressed to such Person at the address shown on the books and records of the Trust for such Person or at the address of the Person shown on the books and records of the Trust with respect to the Shares that such Person claims an interest in. Service of process in any such suit, action or proceeding against the Trust or any Trustee or officer of the Trust may be made at the address of the Trusts registered agent in the State of Delaware. Any service so made shall be effective as if personally made in the State of Delaware.
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This agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which counterpart shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which, when taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being all of the Trustees of the Trust, have executed this instrument this 19 th day of December, 2016.
/s/ David C. Arch |
David C. Arch |
/s/ James T. Bunch |
James T. Bunch |
/s/ Bruce L. Crockett |
Bruce L. Crockett |
/s/ Albert R. Dowden |
Albert R. Dowden |
/s/ Jack M. Fields |
Jack M. Fields |
/s/ Martin L Flanagan |
Martin L Flanagan |
/s/ Eli Jones |
Eli Jones |
/s/ Prema Mathai-Davis |
Prema Mathai-Davis |
/s/ Larry Soll |
Larry Soll |
/s/ Raymond Stickel, Jr |
Raymond Stickel, Jr |
/s/ Philip A. Taylor |
Philip A. Taylor |
/s/ Robert C. Troccoli |
Robert C. Troccoli |
/s/ Suzanne H. Woolsey |
Suzanne H. Woolsey |
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SCHEDULE A
SHARE CLASSES
Currently offered shares classes:
Class A, Class C, Class F, Class T and Class Y
Share classes not currently offered but with outstanding shares:
Class B, Class IB and Class IC
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SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS
OF
INVESCO SENIOR LOAN FUND
A Delaware Statutory Trust
Adopted effective October 26, 2016
Capitalized terms not specifically defined herein
shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Trusts
Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Agreement).
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office . The registered office of Invesco Senior Loan Fund (the Trust) shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Trust.
Section 2. Other Offices . The Trust may also have offices at such other places (including a principal office) both within and without the State of Delaware as the Trustees may from time to time determine or the business of the Trust may require.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
Section 1. Meetings of the Trustees . The Trustees of the Trust may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, (i) any meeting, regular or special, of the Board of Trustees (or any committee or sub-committee thereof) may be held by conference telephone or similar communications equipment, by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting and (ii) at all meetings of the Trustees, every Trustee shall be entitled to vote by proxy, provided that such proxy shall, before or after such meeting, be delivered to the Secretary or other person responsible for recording the proceedings of such meeting. To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, a Trustee may provide any proxy through written, electronic, telephonic, computerized, facsimile, telecommunications, telex or by any other form of communication.
Section 2. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Trustees shall be held each year, at such time and place as the Board of Trustees may determine.
Section 3. Notice of Meetings . Notice of the time, date, and place of all meetings of the Board of Trustees and any committee or sub-committee thereof shall be given to each Trustee, committee member or sub-committee member, as applicable, (i) by telephone, telex, telegram, facsimile, electronic-mail, or other electronic mechanism to his or her home or business at least twenty-four hours in advance of the meeting, or, in the case of a meeting called for the purpose of considering the institution of a liquidity fee or the temporary suspension of redemptions in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, two hours, or (ii) in person at another meeting of the Board of Trustees or such committee or sub-committee, as applicable, or (iii) by written notice mailed or sent via overnight courier to his or her home or business address at least seventy-two hours in advance of the meeting. Notice need not be
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given to any Trustee, committee member or sub-committee member who attends a meeting of the Board of Trustees or any committee or sub-committee thereof without objecting to the lack of notice or who signs a waiver of notice either before or after such meeting.
Section 4. Quorum . At all meetings of the Board of Trustees and any committee or sub-committee thereof, one-third of the Trustees then in office or one-third of the committee members or sub-committee members (but in no event less than two Trustees), as applicable, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority of the Trustees, committee members or sub-committee members, including a majority of such Trustees, committee members or sub-committee members who are not Interested Persons, shall be the act of the Board of Trustees or such committee or sub-committee, as applicable, except for any higher voting requirement as may be specifically provided by applicable law or by the Agreement or these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Trustees or any committee or sub-committee thereof, the Trustees, committee members or sub-committee members, as applicable, present thereat may adjourn such meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. Any action that may be taken by the Board of Trustees or any committee or sub-committee thereof by majority vote at a meeting duly called and at which a quorum required by the Bylaws is present, may also be taken by written consent of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Trustees or members of the committee or sub-committee, as the case may be, without a meeting, provided that the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee or sub-committee. Written consents or waivers of the Trustees may be executed in one or more counterparts. Any written consent or waiver may be provided and delivered to the Trust by any means by which notice may be given to a Trustee. Subject to the requirements of the Governing Instrument and the 1940 Act, the Trustees by Majority Trustee Vote may delegate to any Trustee or Trustees or committee or sub-committee of Trustees, officer or officers of the Trust or any agent of the Trust authority to approve particular matters or take particular actions on behalf of the Trust or any Portfolio.
Section 5. Designation, Powers, and Names of Committees; Sub-Committees; Committee Charters .
(a) The Board of Trustees shall have at a minimum the following five committees: (1) an Audit Committee; (2) a Governance Committee; (3) an Investments Committee; (4) a Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee; and (5) a Compliance Committee. Each such Committee shall have a written Charter governing its membership, duties and operations, and the Board shall designate the powers of each such Committee in its Charter. The Board of Trustees may terminate any such Committee by an amendment to these Bylaws. The Board of Trustees may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, establish one or more sub-committees of each such Committee, and the membership, duties and operations of each such sub-committee shall be set forth in the written Charter of the applicable Committee.
(b) The Board of Trustees may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more additional committees, including ad hoc committees to address specified issues, each of which may, if deemed advisable by the Board of Trustees, have a written Charter. Each such additional committee shall consist of two or more of the Trustees of the Trust, provided that a majority of members of each committee shall not be Interested Persons. The Board may designate one or more Trustees as alternate members of any such additional committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. Each such additional committee, to the extent provided in the
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resolution and/or in such committees Charter, if applicable, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board of Trustees in the management of the business and affairs of the Trust; provided, however, that in the absence or disqualification of any member of such committee or committees, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Trustees to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Such additional committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees and/or as set forth in the written Charter of such committee or committees, if applicable.
Section 6. Chair; Vice Chair . The Board of Trustees shall have a Chair, who shall be a Trustee who is not an Interested Person. The Chair shall be elected by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not Interested Persons. The Board of Trustees may also have a Vice Chair, who shall be a Trustee. The Vice Chair shall be elected by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not Interested Persons. The Chair shall preside at all meetings of the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees, if the Chair is present, and shall approve the agendas of all meetings of the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees. The Chair shall have such other powers and duties as shall be determined by the Board of Trustees, and shall undertake such other assignments as may be requested by the Board of Trustees. If the Chair shall not be present, the Vice Chair, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees, if the Vice Chair is present. The Vice Chair shall have such other powers and duties as shall be determined by the Chair or the Board of Trustees, and shall undertake such other assignments as may be requested by the Chair or the Board of Trustees.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
Section 1. Executive Officers . The executive officers shall include a Principal Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, which may include one or more Executive Vice Presidents and/or Senior Vice Presidents (the number thereof to be determined by the Board of Trustees), a Principal Financial Officer, a Chief Legal Officer, a Chief Compliance Officer, a Senior Officer, a Treasurer, a Secretary and an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer. The Board of Trustees may also in its discretion appoint Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, and other officers, agents and employees, who shall have such authority and perform such duties as the Board may determine. The Board of Trustees may fill any vacancy that may occur in any office. Any two offices, except for those of President and Vice President, may be held by the same person, but no officer shall execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument on behalf of the Trust in more than one capacity, if such instrument is required by law or by these Bylaws to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two or more officers.
Section 2. Term of Office . Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Trustees, the officers shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees. If the Board of Trustees in its judgment finds that the best interests of the Trust will be served, the Board of Trustees may remove any officer of the Trust at any time with or without cause. The Trustees may delegate this power to the President (without supervision by the Trustees) with respect to any other officer, except the Senior Officer. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer may resign from office at any time by delivering a written resignation to the Trustees or the President. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery.
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Section 3. Principal Executive Officer . The Principal Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Trust and shall generally manage the business and affairs of the Trust. The Principal Executive Officer shall be responsible for making the certifications required of the Trusts principal executive officer by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission).
Section 4. President; Vice Presidents . The President and one or more Vice Presidents, which may include one or more Executive Vice Presidents and/or Senior Vice Presidents, shall have and exercise such powers and duties of the Principal Executive Officer in the absence or inability to act of the Principal Executive Officer, as may be assigned to them, respectively, by the Board of Trustees or, to the extent not so assigned, by the Principal Executive Officer. In the absence or inability to act of the Principal Executive Officer, the powers and duties of the Principal Executive Officer not otherwise assigned by the Board of Trustees or the Principal Executive Officer shall devolve first upon the President, then upon the Executive Vice Presidents, then upon the Senior Vice Presidents, and finally upon the Vice Presidents, all in the order of their election. If both the Chair and the Vice Chair are absent, or if the Chair is absent and there is no Vice Chair, the President shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees.
Section 5. Principal Financial Officer . The Principal Financial Officer, who shall also have a title of at least Vice President, shall be the chief financial officer of the Trust and shall generally manage the financial affairs of the Trust. The Principal Financial Officer shall be responsible for making the certifications required of the Trusts principal financial officer by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder.
Section 6. Chief Legal Officer . The Chief Legal Officer, who shall also have a title of at least Senior Vice President, shall generally manage the legal affairs of the Trust. The Chief Legal Officer shall be responsible for receiving up-the-ladder reports within the Trust of any evidence of material violations of securities laws or breaches of fiduciary duty or similar violations by the Trust, as required by Section 307 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder.
Section 7. Chief Compliance Officer . The Chief Compliance Officer, who shall also have a title of at least Senior Vice President, shall be responsible for administering the Trusts policies and procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 38a-1(a)(1) under the 1940 Act.
Section 8. Senior Officer . The Senior Officer, who shall also have a title of at least Senior Vice President, shall be employed by or on behalf of the Trust and shall have such powers and duties as are set forth in such Senior Officers Executive Employment Agreement.
Section 9. Treasurer . The Treasurer shall have the care and custody of the funds and securities of the Trust and shall deposit the same in the name of the Trust in such bank or banks or other depositories, subject to withdrawal in such manner as these Bylaws or the Board of Trustees may determine. The Treasurer shall, if required by the Board of Trustees, give such bond for the faithful discharge of duties in such form as the Board of Trustees may require.
Section 10. Secretary . The Secretary shall (a) have custody of the seal of the Trust, if any; (b) if requested, attend meetings of the Shareholders, the Board of Trustees, and any committees or sub-committees of Trustees; (c) keep or cause to be kept the minutes of all meetings of Shareholders, the Board of Trustees and any committees or sub-committees
4
thereof, and (d) issue all notices of the Trust. The Secretary shall have charge of the Shareholder records and such other books and papers as the Board may direct, and shall perform such other duties as may be incidental to the office or which are assigned by the Board of Trustees.
Section 11. Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer . The Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer shall have such powers and duties as are set forth in the Anti-Money Laundering Program adopted by the Trust pursuant to the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and the rules promulgated thereunder, as such Program may be amended from time to time.
Section 12. Assistant Officers . Assistant officers, which may include one or more Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, shall perform such functions and have such responsibilities as the Board of Trustees may assign to them or, to the extent not so assigned, by the President, Vice President(s), Secretary or Treasurer, as applicable.
Section 13. Surety Bond . The Trustees may require any officer or agent of the Trust to execute a bond (including, without limitation, any bond required by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission) to the Trust in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Trustees may determine, conditioned upon the faithful performance of his or her duties to the Trust, including responsibility for negligence and for the accounting of any of the Trusts property, funds, or securities that may come into his or her hands.
Section 14. Authorized Signatories . Unless a specific officer is otherwise designated in these Bylaws or in a resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees, the proper officers of the Trust for executing agreements, documents and instruments other than Internal Revenue Service forms shall be the Principal Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Principal Financial Officer, the Chief Legal Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Senior Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary, the Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer, any Assistant Vice President, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary. Unless a specific officer is otherwise designated in these Bylaws or in a resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees, the proper officers of the Trust for executing any and all Internal Revenue Service forms shall be the Principal Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Principal Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary.
ARTICLE IV
MEETINGS OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1. Purpose . All meetings of the Shareholders for the election of Trustees shall be held at such place as may be fixed from time to time by the Trustees, or at such other place either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the Trustees and stated in the notice indicating that a meeting has been called for such purpose. Meetings of the Shareholders may be held for any purpose determined by the Trustees and may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. At all meetings of the Shareholders, every Record Owner entitled to vote on a matter to be voted on by such Shares shall be entitled to vote on such matter at such meeting either in person or by written proxy signed by the Record Owner or by his duly authorized attorney in fact. A Record Owner may duly authorize such attorney in fact through written, electronic, telephonic,
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computerized, facsimile, telecommunication, telex or oral communication or by any other form of communication.
Section 2. Nomination of Trustees .
(a) Any Shareholder may submit names of individuals to be considered by the Governance Committee or the Board of Trustees for election as trustees of the Trust, as applicable, provided, however, (i) that such person submits such names in a timely manner as set out in Section 2 of Article V hereof, (ii) that such person was a shareholder of record at the time of submission of such names and is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (iii) that the Governance Committee or the Board of Trustees, as applicable, shall make the final determination of persons to be nominated.
(b) The process and procedures for the nomination of persons for election or appointment as trustees of the Trust by the Trustees shall be set forth in the written Charter for the Governance Committee of the Board of Trustees.
Section 3. Election of Trustees . All meetings of the Shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Trustees and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which the Shareholders shall elect by a plurality vote any number of Trustees as the notice for such meeting shall state are to be elected, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting in accordance with Section 1 of this Article IV.
Section 4. Annual Meetings . There shall be no annual meetings of the Shareholders for the election of Trustees or the transaction of any other business except as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. In the event any annual meeting of the Shareholders is to be held, it shall be held at the principal executive office of the Trust or as otherwise determined by the Board of Trustees.
Section 5. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Shareholders shall be held as provided herein or in the Agreement or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. Except as required by federal law including the 1940 Act, the Shareholders shall not be entitled to call, or to have the Secretary call, special meetings of the Shareholders. To the extent required by federal law including the 1940 Act, special meetings of the Shareholders shall be called by the Secretary upon the request of the Shareholders owning Shares representing at least the percentage of the total combined votes of all Shares of the Trust issued and outstanding required by federal law including the 1940 Act, provided that (a) such request shall state the purposes of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on, and (b) the Shareholders requesting such meeting shall have paid to the Trust the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice thereof, which the Secretary shall determine and specify to such Shareholders.
Section 6. Notice of Meetings . Written notice of a special meeting stating the place, date, and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten days before the date of the meeting, to each Shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting in accordance with Article V hereof. No notice of any meeting need be given to any Shareholder who attends such meeting in person or to any Shareholder who waives notice of such meeting (which waiver shall be filed with the records of such meeting), whether before or after the time of the meeting. In the absence of fraud, any irregularities in the
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notice of any meeting or the nonreceipt of any such notice by any of the Shareholders shall not invalidate any action otherwise properly taken at any such meeting.
Section 7. Conduct of Special Meeting . Business transacted at any special meeting of the Shareholders shall be limited to (i) the purpose stated in the notice and (ii) the adjournment of such special meeting with regard to such stated purpose.
Section 8. Quorum . The holders of one-third of the Outstanding Shares entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Shareholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by applicable law or by the Agreement. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, with respect to any matter which by applicable law or by the Agreement requires the separate approval of one or more Classes or Portfolios, the holders of one-third of the Outstanding Shares of each such Class or Portfolio (or of such Classes or Portfolios voting together as a single class) entitled to vote on the matter shall constitute a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the Shareholders, the vote of the holders of a majority of Shares cast shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time in accordance with Article IV, Section 16 hereof, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting, at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 9. Organization of Meetings .
(a) The meetings of the Shareholders shall be presided over by the Chair, or if the Chair shall not be present, by the Vice Chair, if any, or if the Vice Chair shall not be present or if there is no Vice Chair, by the President, or if the President shall not be present, by a Vice President, or if no Vice President is present, by a chair appointed for such purpose by the Board of Trustees or, if not so appointed, by a chair appointed for such purpose by the officers and Trustees present at the meeting. The Secretary of the Trust, if present, shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if the Secretary is not present, an Assistant Secretary of the Trust shall so act, and if no Assistant Secretary is present, then a person designated by the Secretary of the Trust shall so act, and if the Secretary has not designated a person, then the meeting shall elect a secretary for the meeting.
(b) The Board of Trustees of the Trust shall be entitled to make such rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of the Shareholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Trustees, if any, the chair of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing: an agenda or order of business for the meeting; rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; limitations on participation in such meeting to shareholders of record of the Trust and their duly authorized and constituted proxies, and such other persons as the chair shall permit; restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot, unless and to the extent the Board of Trustees or the chair of the meeting determines that meetings of the Shareholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
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Section 10. Voting Standard . When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares cast shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one on which, by express provision of applicable law, the Agreement, these Bylaws, or applicable contract, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.
Section 11. Voting Procedure . Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote, and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. On any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, all Shares shall be voted together, except when required by applicable law or when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of one or more Portfolios (or Classes), then only the Shareholders of such Portfolios (or Classes) shall be entitled to vote thereon.
Section 12. Action Without Meeting . Unless otherwise provided in the Agreement or applicable law, any action required to be taken at any meeting of the Shareholders, or any action which may be taken at any meeting of the Shareholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of Outstanding Shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all Shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of any such action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those Shareholders who have not consented in writing.
Section 13. Broker Non-Votes . At any meeting of the Shareholders the Trust will consider broker non-votes as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the meeting. Broker non-votes will not count as votes cast for or against any proposals.
Section 14. Abstentions . At any meeting of the Shareholders the Trust will consider abstentions as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the meeting. Abstentions will not count as votes cast for or against any proposals.
Section 15. Record Date for Shareholder Meetings and Consents . In order that the Trustees may determine the Shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the Shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Trustees may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Trustees, and which record date shall not be more than ninety nor less than ten days before the original date upon which the meeting of the Shareholders is scheduled, nor more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Trustees for action by shareholder consent in writing without a meeting. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the Shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Trustees may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting so long as notice of the adjournment and the new record and meeting dates are given to the Shareholders.
Section 16. Postponements and Adjournments . Prior to the date upon which any meeting of Shareholders is to be held, the Board of Trustees may postpone such meeting one or more times for any reason by giving notice to each Shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting so postponed of the place, date and hour at which such meeting will be held. Such notice shall be given not fewer than two (2) days before the date of such meeting and otherwise in accordance with Article V. A meeting of the Shareholders convened on the date for which it
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was called may be adjourned from time to time without further notice to the Shareholders to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date. A meeting of the Shareholders may not be adjourned for more than 120 days after the original record date for such meeting without giving the Shareholders notice of the adjournment and the new meeting date. Except as otherwise set forth in Article IV, Section 8 hereof, the vote of the holders of one-third of the Shares cast shall be required in order to adjourn a meeting of the Shareholders with regard to a particular proposal scheduled to be voted on at such meeting or to adjourn such meeting entirely.
Section 17. V oting Proxies . At all meetings of the Shareholders, every Shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat shall be entitled to vote either in person or by proxy, which term shall include proxies provided by such Shareholder, or his duly authorized attorney, through written, electronic, telephonic, computerized, facsimile, telecommunications, telex or oral communication or by any other form of communication, each pursuant to such voting procedures and through such systems as are authorized by the Board of Trustees or any officer of the Trust. Proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or one or more officers of the Trust.
Unless the proxy provides otherwise, it shall not be valid for more than eleven (11) months before the date of the meeting. All proxies shall be delivered to the secretary or other person responsible for recording the proceedings before being voted. A valid proxy which does not state that it is irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (i) revoked by the person executing it before the vote pursuant to that proxy is taken (a) by a writing delivered to the Trust stating that the proxy is revoked, (b) by a subsequent proxy executed by such person, (c) attendance at the meeting and voting in person by the person executing that proxy, or (d) revocation by such person using any electronic, telephonic, computerized or other alternative means authorized by the Trustees for authorizing the proxy to act; or (ii) written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received by the Trust before the vote pursuant to that proxy is counted. Unless revoked, any proxy given in connection with a postponed or adjourned meeting for which a new record date is fixed shall continue to be valid so long as the Shareholder giving such proxy is a Shareholder of record on such new such record date.
A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by one of them unless at or prior to exercise of such proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them in which case such proxy shall not be valid and no vote shall be received in respect of such Shares unless all persons holding such Shares shall agree on their manner of voting. Unless otherwise specifically limited by their terms, proxies shall entitle the Shareholder to vote at any adjournment of a Shareholders meeting.
Section 18. C oncerning Validity of Proxies, Ballots, Etc . At every meeting of the Shareholders, all proxies shall be received and taken in charge of and all ballots shall be received and canvassed by the secretary of the meeting, who shall decide all questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless inspectors of election shall have been appointed as provided below in this section, in which event such inspectors of election shall decide all such questions.
A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. Subject to the provisions of the Delaware Act, the Agreement, or these By-laws, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware relating to proxies, and judicial
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interpretations thereunder, shall govern all matters concerning the giving, voting or validity of proxies, as if the Trust were a Delaware corporation and the Shareholders were stockholders of a Delaware corporation.
At any election of Trustees, the Board of Trustees prior thereto may, or, if they have not so acted, the chairman of the meeting may, appoint one or more inspectors of election who shall first subscribe an oath or affirmation to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such election with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability, and shall after the election make a certificate of the result of the vote taken. No candidate for the office of Trustee shall be appointed as an inspector.
The chairman of the meeting may cause a vote by ballot to be taken upon any election or matter, and, to the extent required by federal law including the 1940 Act, but only to such extent, such vote shall be taken upon the request of the Shareholders owning Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined votes of all Shares of the Trust issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such election or matter.
ARTICLE V
NOTICES
Section 1. Methods of Giving Notice . Whenever, under the provisions of applicable law or of the Agreement or of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any Trustee or Shareholder, it shall not, unless otherwise provided herein, be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given orally in person, or by telephone (promptly confirmed in writing) or in writing, by mail addressed to such Trustee at his or her last given address or to such Shareholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Trust, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Notice to Trustees or members of a committee or sub-committee may also be given by telex, telegram, facsimile, electronic-mail or via overnight courier. If sent by telex or facsimile, notice to a Trustee or member of a committee or sub-committee shall be deemed to be given upon transmittal; if sent by telegram, notice to a Trustee or member of a committee or sub-committee shall be deemed to be given when the telegram, so addressed, is delivered to the telegraph company; if sent by electronic-mail, notice to a Trustee or member of a committee or sub-committee shall be deemed to be given and shall be presumed valid when the Trusts electronic-mail server reflects the electronic-mail message as having been sent; and if sent via overnight courier, notice to a Trustee or member of a committee or sub-committee shall be deemed to be given when delivered against a receipt therefor.
Section 2. Annual Meeting Notice Requirements for Nominations and Proposals by Shareholders .
(a) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before any annual meeting by a Shareholder, the Shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Trust and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by Shareholders. To be timely, a Shareholders notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Trust not later than the close of business on the 90 th day, nor earlier than the close of business on the 120 th day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding years annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days or delayed by more than 60 days from such anniversary date or if the Trust did not hold an annual meeting in the previous year, notice by
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the Shareholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120 th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90 th day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Trust. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting to a later date or time commence a new time period for the giving of a Shareholders notice as described above. Such Shareholders notice shall set forth (A) as to each person whom the Shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a Trustee all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of Trustees in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) (including such persons written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a Trustee if elected); (B) as to any other business that the Shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such Shareholder and of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (C) as to the Shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made, (i) the name and address of such Shareholder, as they appear on the Trusts books, and of such beneficial owner and (ii) the number of shares of each Class of Shares of the Portfolio which are owned beneficially and of record by such Shareholder and such beneficial owner.
(b) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a) of this Section 2 to the contrary, in the event that the number of Trustees to be elected to the Board of Trustees is increased and there is no public announcement by the Trust naming all of the nominees for Trustee or specifying the size of the increased Board of Trustees at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding years annual meeting, a Shareholders notice required by this Section 2 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Trust not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Trust.
Section 3. Special Meeting Notice Requirement for Nominations and Proposals by Shareholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of the Shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Trusts notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Trustees may be made at a special meeting of the Shareholders at which Trustees are to be elected (A) pursuant to the Trusts notice of meeting, (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Trustees or (C) provided that the Board of Trustees has determined that Trustees shall be elected at such special meeting, by any Shareholder of the Trust who is a Shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in Section 2(a) of this Article V and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 2(a) of this Article V. In the event the Trust calls a special meeting of the Shareholders for the purpose of electing one or more Trustees to the Board of Trustees, any such Shareholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position as specified in the Trusts notice of meeting, if the Shareholders notice containing the information required by this Section 2(a) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Trust not earlier than the close of business on the 120 th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90 th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Trustees to be elected at such
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meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting to a later date or time commence a new time period for the giving of a Shareholders notice as described above.
Section 4. Written Waiver . Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of applicable law or of the Agreement or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF SHARES AND SHARE OWNERSHIP
Section 1. Share Ownership and Transfer of Shares . All Shares issued by the Trust shall be uncertificated, and any certificates previously issued with respect to any Shares are deemed to be cancelled without any requirement for surrender to the Trust. The Trustees shall make such rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares and similar matters. With respect to any Shares for which a certificate was previously issued and remains outstanding, upon receipt of any request for transfer of Shares evidenced by a share certificate upon surrender to the Trust or the transfer agent of the Trust of such certificate for Shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, the Trust shall cancel the old certificate and record the transaction and the ownership of uncertificated Shares upon its books. No Shareholder shall have the right to demand or require that a certificate be issued to him, her or it.
Section 2. Shareholder Book . The Trust shall keep or cause to be kept a Shareholder book, which may be maintained by means of computer systems, containing the names, alphabetically arranged, of all persons who are shareholders of the Trust, showing their places of residence, the number and Class of any Shares held by them, respectively, and the dates when they became the record owners thereof.
Section 3. Registered Shareholders . The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders and the Shares held by each Shareholder. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each Portfolio and Class and as to the number of Shares of the Trust and of each Portfolio and Class held from time to time by each Shareholder. The Trust shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of Shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim of interest in such Share or Shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice hereof. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any distribution or to have notice given to such Shareholder of any meeting or other action in respect of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class until such Shareholder has given its address and such other information as shall be required to such officer or agent of the Trust or such Portfolio or Class as shall keep the record books of the Trust or such Portfolio or Class for entry thereof.
Section 4. Record Date for Receiving Dividends and Other Actions . In order that the Trustees may determine the Shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution of allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of Shares or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Trustees may fix a record date, which record date (i) shall be set forth in the resolution or
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resolutions authorizing the payment of such dividend or other lawful action and (ii) shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Trustees.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Seal . The Board of Trustees may provide that the Trust have a business seal. The business seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the statutory trust, the state of its organization, the year of its organization and the words Business Trust or Statutory Trust. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced, including placing the word [SEAL] adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to sign a document on behalf of the Trust. Any officer or Trustee of the Trust shall have authority to affix the seal of the Trust to any document requiring the same.
Section 2. Severability . The provisions of these Bylaws are severable. If any provision hereof shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision only in such jurisdiction and shall not affect any other provision of these Bylaws.
Section 3. Headings . Headings are placed in these Bylaws for convenience of reference only and in case of any conflict, the text of these Bylaws rather than the headings shall control.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Indemnification .
(a) To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Trust (or applicable Portfolio) shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved as a witness in, any proceeding (other than a proceeding by or in the right of the Trust or a Portfolio) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding.
(b) To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Trust (or applicable Portfolio) shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved as a witness in, any proceeding by or in the right of the Trust (or such Portfolio) to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person in connection with the defense or settlement of such proceeding.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, no Covered Person shall be indemnified for any expenses, judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement, or other liability or loss arising by reason of disabling conduct. The termination of any proceeding by conviction, or a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the person engaged in disabling conduct.
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Section 2. Advance Payment of Indemnification Expenses . To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Trust or applicable Portfolio shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved as a witness in, any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense of such proceeding in advance of its final disposition. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Trust or applicable Portfolio may advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person (other than a Trustee or officer of the Trust) the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense of such proceeding in advance of its final disposition. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, the Trust shall not advance expenses to any Covered Person (including a Trustee or officer of the Trust) unless:
(a) the Trust or applicable Portfolio has received an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person that the amount of all expenses so advanced will be paid over by such person to the Trust or applicable Portfolio unless it is ultimately determined that such person is entitled to indemnification for such expenses; and
(b) (i) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, or (ii) such Covered Person shall have insured the Trust or applicable Portfolio against losses arising out of any such advance payments, or (iii) either (1) the Trustees, by the vote of a majority of a quorum of qualifying Trustees, or (2) independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
Section 3. Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification . Any indemnification required or permitted under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Trust or applicable Portfolio only as authorized in the specific case upon a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification because (i) he or she is not liable by reason of disabling conduct, or (ii) in cases where there is no liability, he or she has not engaged in disabling conduct. Such determination shall be made by (i) the vote of a majority of a quorum of qualifying Trustees; or (ii) if there are no such Trustees, or if such Trustees so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 2 of this Article VIII, if a determination that a Covered Person engaged in disabling conduct is made in accordance with this Section 3, no further advances of expenses shall be made, and all prior advances, and insurance premiums paid for by the Trust, if applicable, must be repaid.
Section 4. Contract Rights . With respect to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved as a witness in, any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Covered Person, the rights to indemnification conferred in Section 1 of this Article VIII, and with respect to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved as a witness in, any proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust, the advancement of expenses conferred in Section 2 of this Article VIII shall be contract rights. Any amendment, repeal, or modification of, or adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article VIII (or any provision hereof) shall not adversely affect any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses granted to any such person pursuant hereto with respect to any act or omission of such person occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption
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(regardless of whether the proceeding relating to such acts or omissions is commenced before or after the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption). Any amendment or modification of, or adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article VIII (or any provision hereof), that has the effect of positively affecting any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses granted to any such person pursuant hereto, shall not apply retroactively to any person who was not serving as a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust at the time of such amendment, modification or adoption.
Section 5. Claims .
(a) If (X) a claim under Section 1 of this Article VIII with respect to any right to indemnification is not paid in full by the Trust or applicable Portfolio within sixty days after a written demand has been received by the Trust or applicable Portfolio or (Y) a claim under Section 2 of this Article VIII with respect to any right to the advancement of expenses is not paid in full by the Trust or applicable Portfolio within thirty days after a written demand has been received by the Trust or applicable Portfolio, then the Covered Person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses, as the case may be, may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Trust or applicable Portfolio to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.
(b) If successful in whole or in part in any suit brought pursuant to Section 5(a) of this Article VIII, or in a suit brought by the Trust or applicable Portfolio to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the Covered Person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or an advancement of expenses hereunder or the Covered Person from whom the Trust or applicable Portfolio sought to recover an advancement of expenses, as the case may be, shall be entitled to be paid by the Trust or applicable Portfolio the reasonable expenses (including attorneys fees) of prosecuting or defending such suit.
Section 6. Definitions . For purposes of this Article VIII: (a) references to Trust include any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of this Trust in a merger, consolidation, or other transaction in which the predecessors existence ceased upon consummation of the transaction; (b) the term disabling conduct means willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Covered Persons office with the Trust or applicable Portfolio; (c) the term expenses includes, without limitations, attorneys fees; (d) the term proceeding means any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative; and (e) the term qualifying Trustee means any Trustee who is not an interested person (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and is not a party to the proceeding.
ARTICLE IX
VOTING OF SECURITIES
Section 1. V oting of Securities . Unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Trustees, the Principal Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President shall have full power and authority on behalf of the Trust to attend and to act and to vote, or in the name of the Trust to execute proxies to vote, at any meeting of shareholders of any company in which the Trust may hold stock. At any such meeting such officer shall possess and may exercise (in person or by proxy) any and all rights, powers and privileges incident to the ownership of such stock. The Board of Trustees may by resolution from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
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ARTICLE X
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. Amendments . These Bylaws may be altered or repealed by the Trustees without the vote or approval of the Shareholders.
16
AGREEMENT OF AMENDMENT NO. 7
Dated as of November 18, 2016
Reference is made to that certain Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of October 15, 2012 (as from time to time amended, supplemented, waived or modified, the Credit Agreement ) among Invesco Senior Loan Fund (formerly Invesco Van Kampen Senior Loan Fund), a Delaware statutory trust (together with its permitted successors and assigns, the Borrower ), CHARTA, LLC ( CHARTA ), CAFCO, LLC ( CAFCO ), CRC Funding, LLC ( CRC Funding ), and CIESCO, LLC (together with CHARTA, CAFCO, and CRC Funding, the Conduit Lenders ), Citibank, N.A. (the Secondary Lender ), State Street Bank and Trust Company (the Direct Lender ) and Citibank, N.A., as program agent (together with its successors and assigns, the Program Agent ). Capitalized terms used and not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Credit Agreement.
The parties hereto agree that, effective as of the date hereof, the definition of Stated Expiration Date set forth in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement shall be amended by replacing the date November 18, 2016 set forth therein with the date November 17, 2017.
The Borrower agrees to pay to the Program Agent a non-refundable, fully-earned up-front fee (the Citi Up-Front Fee ) in the amount of $375,000.00. The Citi Up-Front Fee shall be payable on the date hereof. The Borrower shall pay the Citi Up-Front Fee to the Program Agent by deposit into the Program Agents Account, or such other account as the Program Agent shall designate to the Borrower. For the avoidance of doubt, the failure of the Borrower to pay the Citi Up-Front Fee in accordance with this paragraph shall constitute an Event of Default for all purposes of the Credit Agreement and the other Program Documents, and the Program Agent may rely upon all rights and remedies in the Credit Agreement.
The Borrower agrees to pay to the Direct Lender a non-refundable, fully-earned up- front fee (the Direct Lender Up-Front Fee ) in the amount of $375,000.00. The Direct Lender Up-Front Fee shall be payable on the date hereof. The Borrower shall pay the Direct Lender Up-Front Fee to the Direct Lender by deposit into the Direct Lenders Account, or such other account as the Direct Lender shall designate to the Borrower. For the avoidance of doubt, the failure of the Borrower to pay the Direct Lender Up-Front Fee in accordance with this paragraph shall constitute an Event of Default for all purposes of the Credit Agreement and the other Program Documents, and the Direct Lender may rely upon all rights and remedies in the Credit Agreement.
The Borrower represents and warrants to the Program Agent, the Conduit Lenders, the Secondary Lenders and the Direct Lender that immediately after giving effect to this Agreement of Amendment No. 7, (i) its representations and warranties set forth in the Credit Agreement are true and correct in all material respects (unless made with respect to a specific earlier date, in which case they shall be true and correct as of such earlier date), and (ii) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
All references to the Credit Agreement on and after the date hereof shall be deemed to refer to the Credit Agreement as amended hereby, and the parties hereto agree that on and after the date hereof the Credit Agreement, as amended hereby, is in full force and effect.
This Agreement of Amendment No. 7 may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which when taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
THIS AGREEMENT OF AMENDMENT NO. 7 SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
[ Signature Page Follows ]
2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed and delivered by their duly authorized officers as of the date first above written.
CITIBANK, N.A., | CITIBANK, N.A., | |||||||||
as Program Agent | as Secondary Lender | |||||||||
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
|||||||
Name: Steffen Lunde | Name: Steffen Lunde | |||||||||
Title: Vice President | Title: Vice President | |||||||||
CHARTA, LLC, | CAFCO, LLC, | |||||||||
as Conduit Lender | as Conduit Lender | |||||||||
By: | Citibank, N.A., as | By: | Citibank, N.A., as | |||||||
Attorney-in-Fact | Attorney-in-Fact | |||||||||
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
|||||||
Name: Steffen Lunde | Name: Steffen Lunde | |||||||||
Title: Vice President | Title: Vice President | |||||||||
CRC FUNDING, LLC, as Conduit Lender |
CIESCO, LLC, as Conduit Lender |
|||||||||
By: | Citibank, N.A., as | By: | Citibank, N.A., as | |||||||
Attorney-in-Fact | Attorney-in-Fact | |||||||||
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
By: |
/s/ Steffen Lunde |
|||||||
Name: Steffen Lunde | Name: Steffen Lunde | |||||||||
Title: Vice President | Title: Vice President | |||||||||
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, as Direct Lender |
INVESCO SENIOR LOAN FUND, as Borrower |
|||||||||
By: |
/s/ Janet B. Nolin |
By: |
/s/ John M. Zerr |
|||||||
Name: Janet B. Nolin | Name: John M. Zerr | |||||||||
Title: Vice President | Title: |
Agreement of Amendment No. 7
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
CONSENT OF COUNSEL
INVESCO SENIOR LOAN FUND
We hereby consent to the use of our name and to the reference to our firm under the caption Other Information Legal Counsel in the Statement of Additional Information for Invesco Senior Loan Fund (the Fund) included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (No. 333-121061), and Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (No. 811-05845), on Form N-2 of the Fund.
/s/ Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP |
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 26, 2017
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-2 of Invesco Senior Loan Fund of our report dated April 28, 2017, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in Invesco Senior Loan Funds Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended February 28, 2017. We also consent to the references to us under the headings Financial Statements, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Highlights in such Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, TX
June 26, 2017
Invesco Advisers, Inc.
CODE OF ETHICS
January 1, 2017
Code of Ethics | 1 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section |
Item |
Page | ||||||||||||||
I. | Introduction | 3 | ||||||||||||||
II. | Statement of Fiduciary Principles | 3 | ||||||||||||||
III. | Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations | 4 | ||||||||||||||
IV. | Limits on Personal Investing | 4 | ||||||||||||||
A. Personal Investing | 4 | |||||||||||||||
1 | Pre-clearance of Personal Securities Transactions | 4 | ||||||||||||||
2 | Blackout Period | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| De Minimis Exemptions | 6 | ||||||||||||||
3 | Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits | 7 | ||||||||||||||
4 | Initial Public Offerings | 7 | ||||||||||||||
5 | Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel | 7 | ||||||||||||||
6 | Restricted List Securities | 8 | ||||||||||||||
7 | Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance | 8 | ||||||||||||||
8 | Covered Account Requirements | 8 | ||||||||||||||
9 | Private Securities Transactions | 8 | ||||||||||||||
10 | Limited Investment Opportunity | 9 | ||||||||||||||
11 | Excessive Short-Term Trading in Funds | 9 | ||||||||||||||
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities | 9 | |||||||||||||||
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities | 10 | |||||||||||||||
1 | Outside Business Activities | 10 | ||||||||||||||
2 | Gifts and Entertainment | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| Gifts | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| Entertainment | 10 | ||||||||||||||
3 | U.S. Department of Labor Reporting | 11 | ||||||||||||||
D. Parallel Investing Permitted | 11 | |||||||||||||||
V. | Reporting Requirements | 11 | ||||||||||||||
a. | Initial Holdings Reports | 11 | ||||||||||||||
b. | Quarterly Transaction Reports | 12 | ||||||||||||||
c. | Annual Holdings Reports | 13 | ||||||||||||||
d. | Gifts and Entertainment Reporting | 13 | ||||||||||||||
e. | Certification of Compliance | 13 | ||||||||||||||
VI. | Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues | 13 | ||||||||||||||
VII. | Administration of the Code of Ethics | 14 | ||||||||||||||
VIII. | Sanctions | 14 | ||||||||||||||
IX. | Exceptions to the Code | 14 | ||||||||||||||
X. | Definitions | 14 | ||||||||||||||
XI. | Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures | 17 | ||||||||||||||
XII. | Code of Ethics Contacts | 17 |
Code of Ethics | 2 |
Invesco Advisers, Inc.
CODE OF ETHICS
(Originally adopted February 29, 2008; Amended effective January 1, 2017)
I. Introduction
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has a fiduciary relationship with respect to each portfolio under management. The interests of Clients and of the shareholders of investment company Clients take precedence over the personal interests of Covered Persons (defined below). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined are defined at the end of this document.
This Code of Ethics (the Code) applies to Invesco Advisers, Inc., Invesco Advisers, Incs. affiliated Broker-dealers (Invesco Distributors, Inc. and Invesco Capital Markets, Inc.), all Invesco Affiliated Mutual Funds, and all of their Covered Persons. Covered Persons include:
| any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommendations, or obtains information concerning investment recommendations, with respect to such purchase or sale of Covered Securities; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations, or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc.; |
| all Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd.; and |
| any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act) or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be deemed to be Covered Persons by Compliance. |
Invesco Funds have created a separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds. Independent Trustees are not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics. Trustees who are not Independent Trustees and are not Employees of Invesco are also not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, but must report his or her securities holdings, transactions, and accounts as required in the separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual funds.
II. Statement of Fiduciary Principles
The following fiduciary principles govern Covered Persons:
| the interests of Clients and shareholders of investment company Clients must be placed first at all times and Covered Persons must not take inappropriate advantage of his or her positions; and |
Code of Ethics | 3 |
| all personal securities transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in a manner to avoid any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility; and |
| this Code is our effort to address conflicts of interest that may arise in the ordinary course of our business and does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. This Code does not necessarily shield Covered Persons from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to Clients and shareholders of investment company Clients. |
III. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations
All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable state and federal securities laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of laws or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. Additional methods of reporting potential violations or compliance issues are described in Section VI. of this Code under Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues.
IV. Limits on Personal Investing
A. Personal Investing
1. Pre-clearance of Personal Security Transactions . All Covered Persons must pre-clear with Compliance, using the automated review system, all personal security transactions involving Covered Securities in which they have a Beneficial Interest unless otherwise indicated below. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval. Good-until-cancelled orders (GTCs) are not allowed.
Additionally, all Covered Persons must pre-clear personal securities transactions involving Covered Securities over which they have discretion. For example, if a Covered Person is directing the transactions for a friend or family member (regardless of whether they share the same household) all transactions in Covered Securities must be pre-cleared.
Covered Securities include, but are not limited to, all investments that can be traded by an Invesco Advisers, Inc. entity for its Clients, including, but not limited to, stocks, bonds, municipal bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end mutual funds, and any of their derivatives such as options and futures. All Invesco Affiliated Mutual Funds (including both open-end and closed-end funds) and Invesco PowerShares ETFs are considered Covered Securities.
All transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities must be pre-cleared. Please refer to section IV.B for additional guidelines on Invesco Ltd. securities. Any transaction in a previous employers company stock that is
Code of Ethics | 4 |
obtained through an employee benefit plan or company stock fund held in an external retirement plan requires pre-clearance.
The Following Pre-clearance Exemptions Apply :
Invesco Affiliated OpenEnd Mutual Funds : All Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds must be held with an Approved Broker, at the Affiliated Mutual Funds transfer agent, in the CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan, or in the Invesco 401(k). Pre-clearance is not required for transactions in Affiliated Funds as long as the shares are held in compliance with this requirement.
CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan : All transactions in the CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan are exempt from pre-clearance.
Exchange Traded Products : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing broad-based Exchange Traded Products such as Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) and Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs) as described on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List , and any derivatives of these securities such as options. All Invesco PowerShares ETFs and ETFs not listed on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List must be pre-cleared .
Currencies, commodities : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in currencies and commodities.
Options, futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in derivatives of an index of securities, currencies and commodities.
All Covered Securities are still subject to requirements and limits on personal investing as described in Section IV. and V. of the Code, irrespective of whether pre-clearance is required.
Exempted Securities:
Covered Securities do not include shares of money market funds, U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit or shares of open-end mutual funds not advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. Unit investment trusts, including those advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., are not Covered Securities. However, this definition shall not apply to any series of the PowerShares QQQ Trust or the BLDRS Index Fund Trust. (Please refer to the Definitions section of this Code for more information on the term, Covered Security.)
If you are unclear about whether a proposed transaction involves a Covered Security, contact Compliance via email at codeofethicsnorthamerica@invesco.com or by phone at 1-877-331-CODE [1-877-331-2633] prior to executing the transaction.
Compliance will consider the following factors, among others, in determining whether or not pre-clearance approval will be provided. Please note that you must obtain pre-clearance even if you believe your transactions request satisfies the criteria below. The automated review system will review personal trade requests from Covered Persons based on the following considerations:
2. Blackout Period . Invesco Advisers, Inc. does not permit Covered Persons to trade in a Covered Security if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account.
Code of Ethics | 5 |
| Non-Investment Personnel. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
| Investment Personnel. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
For practical purposes, an Employee without knowledge of investment activity of a Client account would not know of such activity in advance of a Client trade. Therefore, for those Employees, trading with pre-clearance approval granted prior to a Client transaction will not be considered a violation of this Code of Ethics. Compliance will review personal securities transactions to identify potential conflicts in which there is an appearance that such an Employee could have traded while he or she was aware of upcoming Client transactions. If a potential conflict exists, this would be considered a violation of the blackout period required by this Code of Ethics.
De Minimis Exemptions . Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Persons proposed personal securities transaction:
| Equity de minimis exemptions . |
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the Russell 1000 Index or any of the main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link: |
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/De%20Minimis%20Indices%20List.pdf
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30 day period provided that there is no conflicting Client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day. |
| Fixed income de minimis exemption . If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she |
Code of Ethics | 6 |
may execute up to $100,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period. |
The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the blackout period is the last three trading days. For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have potential access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction. Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.
Any failure to pre-clear transactions is a violation of the Code and will be subject to the following potential sanctions:
| A Letter of Education will be provided to any Covered Person whose failure to pre-clear is considered immaterial or inadvertent. |
| Deliberate failures to pre-clear transactions, as well as repeat and/or material violations, may result in in-person training, probation, withdrawal of personal trading privileges or employment termination, depending on the nature and severity of the violations. |
3. Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits . Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in the purchase and sale, or short sale and cover of the same Covered Security within 60 days at a profit. If a Covered Person trades a Covered Security within the 60 day time frame, any profit from the trade will be disgorged to a charity of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s choice and a letter of education may be issued to the Covered Person. Transactions in currencies, commodities and derivatives (such as options and futures) based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities are exempt from the 60 day holding period. This exemption does not apply to derivatives of individual securities. Disgorgement amounts must represent the full amount of the profits received and are not adjusted to account for taxes or related fees.
4. Initial Public Offerings . Covered Persons are prohibited from directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Interest of any security in an equity Initial Public Offering. Exceptions will only be granted in unusual circumstances and must be recommended by Compliance and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel (or designee) and the Chief Investment Officer (or designee) of the Covered Persons business unit.
5. Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel . Investment Personnel are prohibited from effecting short sales of Covered Securities in his or her personal accounts if a Client of Invesco Advisers, Inc. for whose account they have investment management responsibility has a long position in those Covered Securities.
Code of Ethics | 7 |
6. Prohibition on Investment Clubs . Participation in a club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited.
7. Restricted List Securities. Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest.
8. Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance. In spite of adhering to the requirements specified throughout this section, Compliance, in keeping with the general principles and objectives of the Code, may refuse to grant pre-clearance of a Personal Securities Transaction in its sole discretion without being required to specify any reason for the refusal.
9. Covered Account Requirements.
a. US Approved Brokers:
The following link, posted on the Invesco intranet site, includes a list of US Approved Brokers. These brokers provide electronic transaction and statement feeds to Invesco Advisers, Inc.:
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/Approved%20Discount%20Broker%20List.pdf
b. US Brokerage Account may only be held with::
| US Approved Brokers; |
| Full service broker-dealers, that are not a US Approved Broker, with which a Covered Person has engaged an investment advisor; or in limited circumstances, |
| Qualified retirement plans (such as external 401(k)s, 403(b)s, etc.) or other similar accounts that Covered Persons are not legally able to transfer. |
Note: Accounts in which all trading is completed online and without a financial advisor, called a discount brokerage account, must be held with an Approved Broker.
Covered Persons located outside of the US are not subject to US Approved Broker requirements.
c. US Open End Affiliated Mutual Funds may only be held through:
| US Approved Brokers; |
| The Invesco CollegeBound 529 Plan; or |
| Invescos transfer agency, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. |
d. Discretionary Managed Accounts. In order to establish a discretionary managed account, a Covered Person must grant the manager complete investment discretion over a
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Covered Persons account. Pre-clearance is not required for trades in this account; however, a Covered Person may not participate, directly or indirectly, in individual investment decisions or be aware of such decisions before transactions are executed. This restriction does not preclude a Covered Person from establishing investment guidelines for the manager, such as indicating industries in which a Covered Person desires to invest, the types of securities a Covered Person wants to purchase or a Covered Persons overall investment objectives. However, those guidelines may not be changed so frequently as to give the appearance that a Covered Person is actually directing account investments. Covered Persons must receive approval from Compliance to establish and maintain such an account and must provide written evidence that complete investment discretion over the account has been turned over to a professional money manager or other third party. Covered Persons are not required to pre-clear or list transactions for such managed accounts in the automated review system; however, Covered Persons with these types of accounts must provide an annual certification that they do not exercise direct or indirect control over the managed accounts.
10. Private Securities Transactions . Covered Persons may not engage in a Private Securities Transaction without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and indicating whether or not they will receive compensation and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Investment Personnel who have been approved to acquire securities of an issuer in a Private Securities Transaction must disclose that investment to Compliance and the Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Personnels business unit when they are involved in a Clients subsequent consideration of an investment in the same issuer. The business units decision to purchase such securities on behalf of Client account must be independently reviewed by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in that issuer.
11. Limited Investment Opportunity (e.g. private placements, hedge funds, etc.) . Covered Persons may not engage in a limited investment opportunity without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Limited investment opportunities offered directly from Invesco to employees are not subject to pre-clearance requirements, including but not limited to, the Invesco Real Estate ESCs and WLR funds. All Limited investment opportunities are subject to the reporting requirements outlined in section V below.
12. Excessive Short Term Trading in Funds . Employees are prohibited from excessive short term trading of any mutual fund advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. and are subject to various limitations outlined in the respective prospectus and other fund disclosure documents.
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities
1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.
2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltds securities, on an exchange or any other organized market.
Code of Ethics | 9 |
3. For all Covered Persons, transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to black-out periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.
4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section IV.A.8 of this Code.
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities
1. Outside Business Activities . Employees may not engage in any outside business activity, regardless of whether or not he or she receives compensation, without prior approval from Compliance. Absent prior written approval of Compliance, Employees may not serve as directors, officers, or employees of unaffiliated public or private companies, whether for profit or non-profit. If the outside business activity is approved, the Employee must recuse himself or herself from making Client investment decisions concerning the particular company or issuer as appropriate, provided that this recusal requirement shall not apply with respect to certain Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees, who may serve on corporate boards as a result of, or in connection with, Client investments made in those companies. Employees must always comply with all applicable Invesco Ltd. policies and procedures, including those prohibiting the use of material non-public information in Client or employee personal securities transactions.
2. Gift and Entertainment . The Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy includes specific conditions under which Employees may accept or give Gifts or Entertainment. Where there are conflicts between a minimal standard established by a policy of Invesco Ltd. and the standards established by a policy of Invesco Advisers, Inc., including this Code, the latter shall control.
To avoid the appearance of any potential conflict of interest, under no circumstances may an Employee:
| Give or accept Gifts or Entertainment that may be considered excessive either in dollar value or frequency; |
| Give or accept cash or any possible cash equivalent from a broker or vendor; |
| Reimburse Business Partners for the cost of tickets that would be considered excessive or for travel related expenses without approval of Compliance; or |
| Provide or receive any Gift or Entertainment that is conditioned upon Invesco Advisers, Inc., its parents or affiliates doing business with the other entity or person involved. |
| Gifts . Employees are prohibited from accepting or giving the following: a Gift valued in excess of annual FINRA limits; or Gifts from one person or firm valued in excess of annual FINRA limits in the aggregate during a calendar year period. |
| Entertainment . Examples of Entertainment that may be considered excessive in value include Super Bowls, the Masters, Wimbledon, Kentucky Derby, hunting trips, ski trips, etc. An occasional sporting event, golf outing or concert when accompanied by the Business Partner may not be excessive. |
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Employees who are unsure if an event would be permissible should contact compliance prior to attending to confirm if the event would be considered excessive.
3. U.S. Department of Labor Reporting: Under current U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) Regulations, Invesco Advisers, Inc. is required to disclose to the DOL certain specified financial dealings with a union or officer, agent, shop steward, employee, or other representative of a union (collectively referred to as union officials). Under the Regulations, practically any gift or entertainment furnished by Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees to a union or union official is considered a payment reportable to the DOL.
Although the Regulations provide for a de minimis exemption from the reporting requirements for payments made to a union or union official that do not exceed $250 a year, that threshold applies to all of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees in the aggregate with respect to each union or union official. Therefore, it is Invesco Advisers, Inc.s policy to require that ALL Gifts or Entertainment furnished by an Employee, regardless of whether the gift is given to a union or union official, be reported to Invesco Advisers, Inc. using the Invesco Advisers, Inc., Finance Departments expense tracking application, Oracle E-Business Suite or any other application deployed for that purpose which has the capability to capture all the required details of the payment. In addition to reporting the Gift or Entertainment in the expense tracking system, Covered Persons must also follow department guidelines for reporting requirements in other systems. Each item reported must include the name of the recipient, union affiliation, address, amount of payment, date of payment, purpose and circumstance of payment, including the terms of any oral agreement or understanding pursuant to which the payment was made.
Invesco Advisers, Inc. is obligated to report on an annual basis all payments, subject to the de minimis exemption, to the DOL on Form LM-10 Employer Report.
Covered Persons should contact Compliance if clarification is required regarding reporting requirements for payments to a union or union official. A failure to report a payment required to be disclosed will be considered a material violation of this Code. The DOL also requires all unions and union officials to report payments they receive from entities such as Invesco Advisers, Inc. and their Employees.
D. Parallel Investing Permitted
Subject to the provisions of this Code, Employees may invest in or own the same securities as those acquired or sold by Invesco Advisers, Inc. for its Clients.
V. Reporting Requirements
a. Initial Holdings Reports . Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by inputting into the automated pre-clearance system, Star Compliance, the following information (the information must be current within 45 days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person):
|
A list of all security holdings, including the security name, the number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the Covered Person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family |
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sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements;
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the Covered Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
b. Quarterly Transaction Reports . All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions during the quarter in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest:
| The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security; |
| The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.); |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions made through an limited investment opportunity, Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan or similar plans and transactions in Covered Securities held in the Invesco 401(k) or accounts held directly with Invesco in the Quarterly Transaction Report.
Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person (including Covered Securities held in a 401(k) or other retirement vehicle, including plans sponsored by Invesco Advisers, Inc. or its affiliates). The report shall include:
| The date the account was established; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
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Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.
c. Annual Holdings Reports . All Covered Persons must report annually the following information, which must be current within 45 days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance:
| A list of all security holdings, including the security name, the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest; |
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
d. Gifts and Entertainment Reporting.
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given to an Invesco Employee by a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment received by an Employee must be reported through the automated pre-clearance system within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the Gift or the attendance of the Entertainment event. The requirement to report Entertainment includes dinners or any other event with a business partner of Invesco Advisers, Inc. in attendance. |
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given by an Invesco Employee to a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment given by an Employee must be reported through the reporting requirements of the Employees business unit. All Employees should contact his or her manager or Compliance if they are not sure how to report gifts they intend to give or have given to a Client or Business Partner. |
e. Certification of Compliance. All Covered Persons must certify annually in writing that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. In addition, all Covered Persons must certify in writing annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved by Invesco Advisers, Inc. and the relevant funds boards. All Covered Persons must certify in writing within 30 days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code.
VI. Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has created several channels for Employees to raise compliance issues and concerns on a confidential basis. An Employee should first discuss a compliance issue with his or her
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supervisor, department head or with Invesco Advisers, Inc.s General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Human Resources matters should be directed to the Human Resources Department, an additional anonymous vehicle for reporting such concerns.
In the event that an Employee does not feel comfortable discussing compliance issues through normal channels, the Employee may anonymously report suspected violations of law or Invesco policy, including this Code, by calling the toll-free Invesco Whistleblower Hotline at 1-855-234-9780. This hotline is available to employees of multiple operating units of Invesco Ltd. Employees may also report his or her concerns by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at: www.invesco.ethicspoint.com . To ensure your confidentiality, the phone line and website are provided by an independent company and available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. All submissions to the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline will be reviewed and handled in a prompt, fair and discreet manner. Employees are encouraged to report these questionable practices so that Invesco has an opportunity to address and resolve these issues before they become more significant regulatory or legal issues.
VII. Administration of the Code of Ethics
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has used reasonable diligence to institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent violations of this Code.
No less frequently than annually, Invesco Advisers, Inc. will furnish to the Affiliated Mutual Funds Boards of Trustees a written report that:
| describes significant issues arising under the Code since the last report to the funds board, including information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations; and |
| certifies that Invesco Advisers, Inc. has adopted procedures reasonably designed to prevent Covered Persons from violating the Code. |
VIII. Sanctions
Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial.
Invesco Advisers, Inc. may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the personal security transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.
IX. Exceptions to the Code
Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) may grant an exception to any provision in this Code.
X. Definitions
| Affiliated Mutual Funds generally includes all open-end or closed-end mutual funds advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
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| Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan means a program in which regular purchases or sales are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, including dividend reinvestment plans. |
| Beneficial Interest has the same meaning as the ownership interest of a beneficial owner pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 34 Act). To have a Beneficial Interest, Covered Persons must have directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest, which is the opportunity to profit directly or indirectly from a transaction in securities. Thus a Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e. a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
| Client means any account for which Invesco Advisers, Inc. is either the adviser or sub-adviser including Affiliated Mutual Funds. |
| Control has the same meaning as under Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act. |
| Covered Person means and includes: |
| any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommendations, or obtains information concerning investment recommendations, with respect to such purchase or sale of Covered Securities; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
| all Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd. |
| any other persons falling within the definition of Access Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 , as amended (the Investment Company Act) or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be so deemed to be Covered Persons by Compliance. |
Invesco Funds have created a separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds. Independent Trustees are not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics. Trustees who are not Independent Trustees and are not Employees of Invesco are also not Covered Person under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, but must report his or her securities holdings, transactions, and accounts as required in the separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds.
| Covered Security means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act except that it does not include the following: |
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| Direct obligations of the Government of the United States or its agencies; |
| Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
| Any open-end mutual fund not advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. All Affiliated Mutual Funds shall be considered Covered Securities regardless of whether they are advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc.; |
| Any unit investment trust, including unit investment trusts advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. However, this definition shall not apply to any series of the PowerShares QQQ Trust or the BLDRS Index Fund Trust; |
| Invesco Ltd. stock because it is subject to the provisions of Invesco Ltd.s Code of Conduct. Notwithstanding this exception, transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to all the pre-clearance and reporting requirements outlined in other provisions of this Code and any other corporate guidelines issued by Invesco Ltd. |
| Employee means and includes: |
| Any full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making or obtains information concerning investment recommendations with respect to such purchase or sales of Covered Securities; or who has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
| All Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd. |
| Any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act or Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and such other persons that may be deemed to be an Employee by Compliance. |
| Gifts, Entertainment and Business Partner have the same meaning as provided in the Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy. |
| Independent Trustee means a Trustee who is not an interested person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act. |
| Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the 34 Act. |
| Invesco Advisers, Inc.s -affiliated Broker-dealer means Invesco Distributors, Inc. or Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. or their successors. |
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| Investment Personnel means any full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by Clients or any natural person who Controls a Client or an investment adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client as defined in Rule 17j-1. |
| Non-Investment Personnel means any Employee that does not meet the definition of Investment Personnel as listed above. |
| Private Securities Transaction means any securities transaction relating to new offerings of securities which are not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, provided however that transactions subject to the notification requirements of Rule 3050 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authoritys (FINRA) Conduct Rules, transactions among immediate family members (as defined in the interpretation of the FINRA Board of Governors on free-riding and withholding) for which no associated person receives any selling compensation, and personal securities transactions in investment company and variable annuity securities shall be excluded. |
| Restricted List Securities means the list of securities that are provided to the Compliance Department by Invesco Ltd. or investment departments, which include those securities that are restricted from purchase or sale by Client or Employee accounts for various reasons (e.g., large concentrated ownership positions that may trigger reporting or other securities regulatory issues, or possession of material, non-public information, or existence of corporate transaction in the issuer involving an Invesco Ltd. unit). |
| Trustee means any member of the Board of Trustees for an open-end or closed-end mutual fund advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
XI. Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures
All Employees are subject to the policies and procedures established by Invesco Ltd., including the Code of Conduct, Insider Trading Policy, Political Contributions Policy and Gift and Entertainment Policy and must abide by all their requirements, provided that where there is a conflict between a minimal standard established by an Invesco Ltd. policy and the standards established by an Invesco Advisers, Inc. policy, including this Code, the latter shall control.
XII. IVZ Global Code of Ethics Contacts
| Telephone Hotline: 1-877-331-CODE [2633] |
| E-Mail: codeofethicsnorthamerica@invesco.com |
Last Revised: January 1, 2017
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INVESCO UK
CODE OF ETHICS
2017
2017 Code of Ethics (UK)
Page 1 of 26
CONTENTS
SECTION | PAGE | |||
1. Statement of Fiduciary Principles |
4 | |||
2. Material non-public information |
5 | |||
3. Personal Investing Activities, Pre-Clearance and Pre-Notification |
8 | |||
4. Trade Restrictions on Personal Investing |
11 | |||
5. Economic Opportunities, Confidentiality and Outside Directorships |
14 | |||
6. Client Investments in Securities Owned by Invesco Employees |
15 | |||
7. Certifications and Reporting |
16 | |||
8. Miscellaneous |
19 | |||
APPENDICIES |
||||
A: Definitions |
20 | |||
B: Acknowledgement of Receipt of Revised Code of Ethics |
22 | |||
C: Annual Certification of Compliance with the Code of Ethics |
23 | |||
D: Types of Transactions in Invesco Shares: Pre-Clearance Guidance |
26 |
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This revised Code of Ethics Policy (the Code) applies to all Employees of all entities of Invesco UK Ltd (Invesco) who are based in the UK, Dubai and the Channel Islands. It covers the following topics:
| Prohibitions related to material, non-public information; |
| Personal securities investing; and |
| Service as a director and other business opportunities. |
This Code also imposes on Employees certain restrictions and reporting obligations which are specified below. Adherence to this Code, both letter and spirit, is a fundamental and absolute condition of employment with Invesco.
The following Invesco Policies are referred to in this Code of Ethics and the latest version of each of these Policies can be found on the UK Compliance Intranet Site or the Legal, Compliance and Internal Audit intranet site:
| Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment (Inducements) Policy; |
| Conflicts of Interest Policy; |
| Treating Customers Fairly Policy; |
| Whistleblowing Policy; |
| Market Abuse Policy; |
| Fraud Policy; |
| Insider Trading Policy; and |
| Anti-Bribery Policy. |
It is appreciated that no Code of Ethics can address every circumstance that may give rise to a conflict, a potential conflict or an appearance of a conflict of interest. Every Employee should be alert to any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest with Invescos clients and to conduct himself or herself with good judgment. Failure to exercise good judgment, as well as violations of this Code, may result in the imposition of sanctions on the Employee, including suspension or dismissal. All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of law or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to the Compliance Officer or his/her designee.
The requirements within this Code will apply in full to all permanent Invesco employees. In addition, there are individuals who, whilst not permanent Invesco Employees, have access to Invesco offices and/or systems and who could therefore potentially acquire certain material, non-public information. The applicability of this Code to those individuals is as follows:
Non-Executive Directors: subject to pre-clearance (through the UK Compliance Team) and certification requirements on the purchase and sale of IVZ shares and in respect of outside interests.
Temporary staff, contractors, consultants, catering staff, post room staff, and security and maintenance staff: the Code applies in full.
Auditors, staff seconded from Legal or Accountancy Firms, Actuarial Function Holder: the Code will apply in full unless Invesco is satisfied that the individual is subject to an equivalent Code.
Physio/GP/Gym staff: Code will only apply where the individual has access to relevant Invesco systems.
Cleaning Staff : Code requirements will not apply.
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Where individuals do not have access to Star Compliance, the distribution of the Code, the pre-clearance of transactions and other notifications will occur directly with the Compliance Department. Inquiries regarding these requirements and requests to pre-clear should be directed to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team by email to codeofethics@invesco.com or by phone to 0203-219-2799.
1 | STATEMENT OF FIDUCIARY PRINCIPALS |
1.1 | As a fiduciary, Invesco owes an undivided duty of loyalty to its clients. It is Invescos policy that all Employees conduct themselves so as to avoid not only actual conflicts of interest with Invesco clients, but also that they refrain from conduct which could give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us. |
1.2 | The Code is designed to ensure, among other things, that the personal securities transactions of all Employees are conducted in accordance with the following general principles: |
1.2.1 | A duty at all times to place the interests of Invescos clients first and foremost; |
1.2.2 | The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest or any abuse of an Employees position of trust and responsibility; and |
1.2.3 | The requirement that Employees should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions. |
1.3 | Invescos policy is to avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest but, where they unavoidably occur, to record, manage, and disclose them to prevent abuse and protect our clients, Employees and other counterparties. |
1.4 | Invesco does not make political contributions with corporate funds. No Employees may, under any circumstances, use company funds to make political contributions, nor may you represent your personal political views as being those of the company. |
1.5 | Invesco seeks to do business with clients and suppliers on a fair and equitable basis. Employees may not accept or provide gifts, entertainment or other non-monetary benefits of an unreasonable value which could create a conflict with the duty owed to clients. Any limits imposed by our business units policies, local laws, or regulations with respect to the acceptance or provision of gifts, entertainment and non-monetary benefits must be complied with. Invesco lays down written standards regarding the nature of gifts, benefits and entertainment, with strict monetary and frequency limitations. Only gifts, benefits and entertainment which comply with regulatory requirements and internal standards, are designed to enhance the quality of service to customers and do not create conflicts of interest, can be given or received. Subject to regulatory requirements and internal limits, the types of benefits which may be given or received by the Invesco Group include: gifts, hospitality and promotional competition prizes; joint marketing exercises; participation in seminars and conferences; provision of technical services and information technology; training; and travel and accommodation expenses. All gifts, benefits and entertainment provided or received by Invesco or its personnel must be recorded in the relevant Invesco business units Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment Register as soon as possible. If there is any doubt about the permissibility of giving or receiving a gift, benefit or entertainment event, Employees should contact the Compliance Department for guidance before this is given or received. Further information can be found in the UK Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment (Inducements) Policy. |
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1.6 | Invesco does not tolerate bribery. Employees must not offer, give, request, or agree to accept or accept financial or non-financial advantages of any kind where the purpose is to influence a person to behave improperly in their decisions or actions or to reward them for having done so. Charitable donations must not be made as an inducement or reward for improper behaviour. Unofficial payments to speed up routine government or other processes must never be made, however small. These restrictions apply to Invesco staff and to anybody appointed to act on Invescos behalf and cover relationships with prospective or existing clients or business partners. Further information can be found in the Anti-Bribery Policy. |
1.7 | Legislation exists to protect Employees who blow the whistle about wrongdoing within the firm. This legislation encourages Employees to raise concerns internally in the first instance. Invesco Employees should feel able to raise any such concerns internally, confident that it will be dealt with properly and that all reasonable steps will be taken to prevent victimisation. If Employees wish to report concerns anonymously they can call the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline, 1-855-234-9780. The toll-free telephone number for calls from the UK is 0800-032-8483. Employees may also report their concerns by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at: www.invesco.ethicspoint.com . To ensure confidentiality, this telephone line and website is provided by an independent company and is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. All submissions to the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline will be reviewed and handled in a prompt, fair, and discreet manner. Employees are encouraged to report questionable practices so that Invesco has an opportunity to address and resolve these before they become more significant regulatory or legal issues. |
1.8 | It is Invesco UK policy, in the context of being an Asset Manager, to treat its customers fairly. |
1.9 | No Employee should have ownership in or other interest in or employment by any outside concern which does business with Invesco Ltd. This does not apply to stock or other investments in a publicly held company, provided that the stock and other investments do not, in the aggregate, exceed 5% of the outstanding ownership interests of such company. Invesco Ltd. may, following a review of the relevant facts, permit ownership interests which exceed these amounts if management or the Board of Directors, as appropriate, concludes that such ownership interests will not adversely affect Invescos business interests or the judgment of the affected staff. |
1.10 | Employees are prohibited from using personal hedging strategies or remuneration or liability related contracts of insurance to undermine any risk alignment effects embedded in their remuneration arrangements. This includes, for instance, entering into an arrangement with a third party under which that third party will make payments directly, or indirectly, to the Employee that are linked to, or commensurate with, the amounts by which the Employees remuneration is subject to reductions arising from the implementation of EU Directives and associated legislation and regulation. |
2 | MATERIAL, NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION AND INSIDE INFORMATION |
2.1 | Restriction on Trading or Recommending Trading Each Employee is reminded that it constitutes a violation of law and/or market abuse regulations for any person to trade in or recommend trading in the securities of a company while in possession of, as appropriate, inside information or material, non-public information concerning that company, or to disclose such information to any person not entitled to receive it if there is reason to believe that such information will be used in connection with a trade in the securities of that company. Violations of law and regulations may give rise to civil as well as criminal liability, including the imposition of monetary penalties or prison sentences upon the individuals involved. Tippees (i.e, persons who receive material, non-public information or inside information) also may be held liable if they trade or if they do not trade but pass along such information to others. |
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2.2 | Material non-public information relates to US legislation and is relevant for US-traded companies and financial instruments. Inside information relates to European legislation and relevant for European traded companies and financial instruments. |
2.3 | What is material, non-public information? Material information is any information about a company which, if disclosed, is likely to affect the market price of the companys securities or to be considered important by an average investor in deciding whether to purchase or sell those securities. Examples of information which should be presumed to be material are matters such as dividend increases or decreases, earnings estimates by the company, changes in the companys previously released earnings estimates, significant new products or discoveries, major litigation by or against the company, liquidity or solvency problems, extraordinary management developments, significant merger or acquisition proposals, or similar major events which would be viewed as having materially altered the total mix of information available regarding the company or the market for any of its securities. |
2.4 | Non-public information, often referred to as inside information, is information that has not yet been publicly disclosed. Information about a company is considered to be non-public information if it is received under circumstances which indicate that it is not yet in general circulation and that such information may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to the company or its insiders, or that the recipient knows to have been furnished by someone in breach of a fiduciary obligation. Courts have held that fiduciary relationships exist between a company and another party in a broad variety of situations involving a relationship between a company and its lawyers, investment bankers, financial printers, Employees, technical advisors and others. This list is not exhaustive and the types of fiduciary relationships and the way in which they are formed are extensive. |
2.5 | What is inside information? Inside information is information which: |
(a) | is of a precise nature; and |
(b) | is not generally available; and |
(c) | relates directly or indirectly to one or more issuers of the relevant securities or one or more of the relevant investments; and |
(d) | would, if generally available, be likely to have a significant effect on the price of the relevant securities or investments. |
Information is precise if it:
(a) indicates circumstances which exist or may reasonably be expected to come into existence, or an event that has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur, and
(b) is specific enough to enable a conclusion to be drawn as to the possible effect on the price of the relevant instrument or investment.
Information would be likely to have a significant effect on price if and only if it is information of a kind which a reasonable investor would be likely to use as part of the basis of his investment decisions. In other words, it has to be a piece of information which a reasonable investor would use when making a decision to buy or sell a financial instrument. It does not have to be the major reason for the decision, just one of the reasons. Because the information contributes towards a buy or sell decision, and these decisions determine the price of an instrument, the information is viewed as being significant for setting the price of the instrument. The significant effect on price does not relate to the size of any price movement of the financial instrument due to the effect of the information.
2.6 | Information should not be considered to have been publicly disclosed until a reasonable time after it has been made public (for example, by a press release). Someone with access to inside information may not beat the market by trading simultaneously with, or immediately after, the official release of material information. |
2.7 | The responsibility of ensuring that the proposed transaction does not constitute insider dealing or a conflict with the interests of a client remains with the relevant Employee and obtaining pre-clearance to enter into a transaction under Section 3.3 below does not absolve that responsibility. |
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2.8 | Invesco is in a unique position, being privy to market research and rumours and being privy also to information about its clients which may be public companies. Invesco Employees must be aware and vigilant to ensure that they cannot be accused of being a party of any insider dealing or market abuse situations. |
2.9 | In particular, the following investment activities must not be entered into without carefully ensuring that there are no implications of insider trading: |
2.9.1 | Trading in shares for a client in any other client of Invesco which is a Company quoted on a recognised stock exchange. |
2.9.2 | Trading in shares for a client in a quoted company where Invesco: |
i) | obtains information in any official capacity which may be price sensitive and has not been made available to the general public. |
ii) | obtains any other information which can be substantiated in connection with a quoted company which is also both price sensitive and has not been made available to the general public. |
2.9.3 | Manipulation of the market through the release of information to regular market users which is false or misleading about a company. |
2.9.4 | Release of information about a company that would have the effect of distorting the market in such a way to be considered market abuse. |
2.10 | Reporting Requirement. Whenever an Employee believes that he or she may have come into possession of material, non-public information about a public company, he or she personally must immediately notify the Compliance Department and should not discuss such information with anyone else including Invesco Employees and should not engage in transactions for himself, herself, or others including Invesco clients. |
2.11 | Upon receipt of such information, the Compliance Department will include the company name on the IVZ Restricted List in respect of which no transactions may be entered into. This list will be advised to the Equity dealing desk and no discussion will be entered into. |
2.12 | Confidentiality. No information regarding the affairs of any client of Invesco may be passed to anyone outside Invesco unless specifically requested by law, regulation or court order. In any event, the Compliance and Legal Departments must be consulted prior to furnishing such information. |
2.13 | Employees should maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the Company and their fellow Employees. Employees shall take all reasonable efforts to safeguard such confidential information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties. While accessing and utilising internal applications and systems, Employees must access such information solely to the extent it is mandatory to perform their task and not to access any other data which is not necessary. External publication or distribution of internal company information, policies or procedures is prohibited except when disclosure is properly authorised by the functional owner of the information or legally mandated. Employees should make all reasonable efforts to safeguard such information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties. |
2.14 |
Sanctions. Any Employee, who knowingly trades or recommends trading while in possession of material, non-public information, or inside information, |
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may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, as well as to immediate suspension and/or dismissal from Invesco. |
3 | PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES, PRE-CLEARANCE AND PRE-NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS |
3.1 | Transactions covered by this Code All transactions (other than transactions described in section 3.2) in investments made for Covered Accounts are subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions, pre-notification and reporting requirements described below, unless otherwise indicated. For a list of the types of Employee and other accounts which are Covered Accounts, please see the definition in Appendix A. |
3.2 | Transactions in the following investments (Exempt Investments) are not subject to the trading restrictions or other requirements of this Code and do not need to be pre-notified, pre-cleared, or reported other than as described below: |
3.2.1 | Registered unaffiliated (e.g. Schroders) open-ended Collective Investment Schemes [CIS] including; open-ended mutual funds, open-ended investment companies/ICVCs or unit trusts. |
3.2.2 | Securities which are direct obligations of an OECD country (e.g. US Treasury Bonds); |
3.2.3 | In-specie transfers; and |
3.2.4 | Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements. |
Employees are required to provide statements for all Covered Accounts as described in Section 7.4. If an account has the ability to invest in Covered Securities, the account is considered a Covered Account and the full statement must be provided to Compliance including information regarding Exempt Investments.
Transactions which require pre-notification and pre-clearance
3.3 | Pre-Clearance |
3.3.1 | Pre-Clearance Transactions |
Transactions in a Covered Account which must be notified to the Compliance department for pre-clearance, regardless of whether the order is placed directly or through a broker/adviser, include the following (Covered Securities):
| buys or sales of ordinary securities, equivalent securities, venture capital schemes such as Venture Capital Trusts (VCTs), closed-end funds such as Investment Trusts and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) (to the extent detailed in 3.4.8 below), including any of these investments which are held within a product/wrapper such as a Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP) or Individual Savings Account (ISA). |
All Employees must receive prior approval using the Star Compliance system or from the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team in order to engage in a personal securities transaction in a Covered Security.
Pre-clearance will not be given if the proposed personal securities transaction is in conflict with any of the rules outlined in this Policy, including the Blackout Rule.
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All transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities must be pre-cleared. Please refer to Appendix D for additional guidelines on Invesco Ltd. securities. Any transaction in a previous employers company stock that is obtained through an employee benefit plan or company stock fund held in an external retirement plan requires pre-clearance.
3.3.2 | The Pre-clearance Process |
The pre-clearance process involves the following steps:
| The proposed trade must be entered into the Star Compliance system. |
| Covered persons (e.g. an Employees spouse, non-employee without Invesco system access) who do not have access to the Star Compliance system can submit their trade requests either through the Invesco Employee who will submit the request through Star Compliance or may contact the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team directly. |
| The Star Compliance system will confirm if there is any Client activity in the same or equivalent security currently on the trading desk and verify if there have been any transactions within the corresponding Blackout Rule period (refer to section 4.1.2). |
| The Star Compliance system will check to see if the security is on the restricted list (refer to section 4.1.1). |
| If any potential conflicts are identified by the Star Compliance system, the request will be reviewed by the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team. |
| An automated response will be received by the Employee for all pre-approval requests indicating whether the transaction has been approved or denied. |
3.3.3 | Executing Approved Transactions |
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If the trade is not executed within this time period, a new pre-clearance request must be submitted and approved if the Employee still intends to trade in that security. Good-until-cancelled orders (GTCs) are not allowed.
All approved trades that are not executed must be retracted in the Star Compliance system by the Employee.
Employees may be requested to reverse any trades processed without the required pre-approval.
Any costs or losses associated with the reversal are the responsibility of the Employee. The Employee may also be asked to disgorge any profits from the trade.
No order for a Securities Transaction for which pre-clearance authorisation is sought may be placed prior to the receipt of authorisation of the transaction.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except in the following situations:
| Approval is granted after the close of trading day. In this case, approval is valid through the next trading day. |
| Where trade instructions are sent via the post to IFDS, this period will be extended, and the trade must be executed by the close of market two trading days after permission has been granted. |
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3.3.4 | Copies of the relevant contract notes (or equivalent) must be sent to the Code of Ethics inbox. This must be done in a timely manner. |
3.4 | Transactions that do not need to be pre-cleared . The pre-clearance requirements (and the trading restrictions on personal investing described below) do not apply to the following transactions, unless otherwise indicated: |
3.4.1 | Invesco Affiliated Funds : Invesco openended Collective Investment Schemes, Pension Funds or other affiliated schemes, including any of these investments which are held within an unaffiliated product/wrapper, apart from closed-end funds such as Investment Trusts, and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) (to the extent detailed in 3.4.8 below). Whilst pre-clearance is not required in respect of transactions in affiliated funds, employees must nevertheless adhere to the certification and reporting requirements as detailed in section 7 below. |
3.4.2 | Discretionary Accounts: Transactions effected in any Covered Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (a Discretionary Account). An Employee shall be deemed to have no direct or indirect influence or control over an account only if all of the following conditions are met: |
i) | investment discretion for such account has been delegated in writing to an independent fiduciary and such investment discretion is not shared with the Employee; and |
ii) | the Employee certifies in writing that he or she has not and will not discuss any potential investment decisions with such independent fiduciary; and |
iii) | the advisor also certifies in writing that he or she will not discuss any potential investment decisions with the owner of the account or the Employee; and |
iv) | duplicate periodic statements are provided to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team. |
v) | the Compliance Department has determined that the account satisfies the foregoing requirements. |
3.4.3 | Governmental Issues : Investments in the debt obligations of state and municipal governments or agencies, (e.g. Essex Council Electricity Bond). |
3.4.4 | Non-Volitional Trades : Transactions which are non-volitional on the part of the Employee (such as the receipt of securities pursuant to a stock dividend or merger). |
3.4.5 | Automatic Transactions : Purchases of the stock of a company pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan or an Employee stock purchase plan sponsored by such company. |
3.4.6 | Rights Offerings : Receipt or exercise of rights issued by a company on a pro rata basis to all holders of a class of security. Employees must, however, pre-clear transactions for the acquisition of such rights from a third party or the disposition of such rights. |
3.4.7 | Non-Executive Directors Transactions : Transactions in Invesco Ltd. shares, by Non-Executive Directors. Transactions by Non-Executive Directors will be pre-cleared outside of Star Compliance. |
3.4.8 |
Exchange Traded Products: Employees are exempt from pre-clearing unaffiliated broad-based Exchange Traded Products such as Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) and Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs) as described on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List . |
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ETFs are Covered Securities and are still subject to requirements and limits on personal investing as described in sections 4 and 7, irrespective of whether pre-clearance is required. All Invesco PowerShares ETFs and ETFs not listed on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List must be pre-cleared. |
3.4.9 | Note that all of the transactions described in paragraphs 3.4.1. to 3.4.8, while not subject to pre-clearance, are nevertheless still subject to the requirements and limits in section 4 and to all of the reporting requirements set forth below in section 7. This must be done in a timely manner after the transaction. |
4 | TRADE RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL INVESTING |
4.1 | All transactions in Covered Accounts which are subject to the pre-clearance requirements specified in this Code are also subject to the following trading restrictions: |
4.1.1 | Restricted Lists : Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest. |
4.1.2 | Blackout Periods : An Employee may not buy or sell, or permit any Covered Account to buy or sell, a security or any instrument if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account. |
Non-Investment Personnel.
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days after a Client trades in that security; and |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
Investment Personnel.
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security; and |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security with the trading desk. |
De Minimis Exemptions. Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Persons proposed personal securities transaction:
o Equity de minimis exemptions.
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the FTSE 100 Index S&P TSX Composite Index, Russell 1000, ASX 300 Accumulation Index, Hang Seng Index, Straits Times Index STI (FSSTI), Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI), NIKKEI 225, the NSE S&P CNX Nifty Index, or any of the other main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link: |
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/De%20
Minimis%20Indices%20List.pdf .
|
If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute |
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up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided that there is no conflicting client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day. |
o Fixed income de minimis exemptions . If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she may execute up to £60,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period.
For practical purposes, an Employee without knowledge of investment activity of a Client account would not know of such activity in advance of a Client trade. Therefore, for those Employees, trading with pre-clearance approval granted prior to a Client transaction will not be considered a violation of this Code of Ethics. Compliance will review personal securities transactions to identify potential conflicts in which there is an appearance that such an Employee could have traded while he or she was aware of upcoming Client transactions. If a potential conflict exists, this would be considered a violation of the blackout period required by this Code of Ethics.
The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the blackout period is the last three trading days.
For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.
4.1.3 | In the event there is a trade in a client account in the same security or instrument within a blackout period, the Employee may be required to close out the position and to disgorge any profit to a charitable organisation chosen by Invesco Compliance. |
4.1.4 | Invesco Ltd. Securities: |
1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.
2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltd.s securities, on an exchange or any other organised market.
3. For all Covered Persons, all transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. Securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to blackout periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.
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4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section 7.3 of this Code.
Any Employee who becomes aware of material non-public information about Invesco is prohibited from trading in Invesco Securities. Full details of the Invesco stock transaction Pre-Clearance Guide and restrictions for all Employees of Invesco can be found in Appendix D.
4.1.5 | Invesco Investment Trusts: Staff dealing in Invesco Investment Trusts will also be subject to closed periods as dictated by each of the Trusts. |
4.1.6 | UK ICVCs and other affiliated schemes will be subject to the Short -Term Trading restrictions (60 day rule - see 4.1.7).The preferential rate of sales charge allowed to staff will be withdrawn in circumstances where it is apparent that the Employee has traded on a short-term basis in those shares i.e. where previous transactions by that person have resulted in the short-term holding of those investments. Shares of UK ICVCs and affiliated schemes will not be accepted for redemption if the funds themselves are closed for redemption due to the effects of subsequent market or currency movements. |
4.1.7 | Short-Term Trading Profits: It is Invescos policy to restrict the ability of Employees to benefit from short-term trading in securities and instruments. Employees must disgorge profits made on the sale of any security or instrument held less than 60 days. This section (4.1.7) will not apply to Financial Spread Betting transactions which have been approved under the Exceptions section (4.1.15) of this Policy. Transactions in currencies and commodities are exempt from the 60 day holding period. Disgorgement amounts must represent the full amount of the profits received and are not adjusted to account for taxes or related fees. |
4.1.8 | Initial Public Offerings: No Employee may purchase or permit any Covered Account to purchase a security offered pursuant to an initial public offering, except in a Venture Capital Trust or Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), wherever such offering is made. However where the public offering is made by a Government of where the Employee is resident and different amounts of the offering are specified for different investor types e.g. private and institutional, the Compliance Officer may allow such purchases after consultation with the local Chief Executive Officer or his designee. |
4.1.9 | Privately-Issued Securities: Employees may not purchase or permit a Covered Account to purchase or acquire any privately-issued securities, other than in exceptional cases specifically approved by the local Chief Executive Officer (e.g. where such investment is part of a family-owned and operated business venture that would not be expected to involve an investment opportunity of interest to any Invesco client). |
4.1.10 |
Employees, however, may invest in interests in private investment funds (i.e. hedge funds) that are established to invest predominantly in public securities and instruments, subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements contained in this Code. Employees may also invest in residential co-operatives and private recreational clubs (such as sports clubs, country clubs, luncheon clubs and the like) for their personal use; such investments are not subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements unless the Employees investing is part of a business conducted by the |
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Employee. Such ownership should be reported to the Compliance Officer. |
4.1.11 | Short Sales: An Employee may not sell short a security. |
4.1.12 | Financial Spread Betting: Employees may not enter into Financial Spread betting arrangements unless they have applied in writing to do so under the Exceptions section of this Policy (4.1.15) and have received written confirmation that this is permitted. Exceptions will not be granted for Financial Spread Betting on single stocks but, depending on the circumstances, spread betting on Foreign Exchange Rates, Main Indices and Government Bonds may be allowed on an exceptions basis. |
4.1.13 | Futures: Employees may not write, sell or buy exchange-traded futures, synthetic futures, swaps and similar non-exchange traded instruments. |
4.1.14 | Investment Clubs: Employee participation in an investment club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited. |
4.1.15 | Exceptions: The Chief Executive Officer or his designee in consultation with the Compliance Officer may, on a case by case basis, grant exceptions from these trading restrictions upon written request. Any exceptions granted will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually. |
5 | ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, CONFIDENTIALITY AND OUTSIDE DIRECTORSHIPS |
5.1 | In order to reduce potential conflicts of interest arising from the participation of Employees on the boards of directors of public, private, non-profit and other enterprises, all Employees are subject to the following restrictions and guidelines: |
5.1.1 | An Employee may not serve as a director of a public company without the approval of the Compliance Officer after consultation with the local Chief Executive Officer. |
5.1.2 | An Employee may serve on the board of directors or participate as an adviser or otherwise, or advisers of a private company only if: |
(i) | client assets have been invested in such company and having a seat on the board would be considered beneficial to our clients interest; and |
(ii) | service on such board has been approved in writing by the Compliance Officer. The Employee must resign from such board of directors as soon as the company contemplates going public, except where the Compliance Officer has determined that an Employee may remain on a board. In any event, an Employee shall not accept any compensation for serving as a director (or in a similar capacity) of such company; any compensation offered shall either be refused or, if unable to be refused, distributed pro rata to the relevant client accounts. |
5.1.3 | An Employee must receive prior written permission from the Compliance Officer or his designee before serving as a director, non-executive director, trustee or member of an advisory board of either: |
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(i) | any non-profit or charitable institution; or |
(ii) | a private family-owned and operated business. |
5.1.4 | An Employee may serve as an officer or director of a residential co-operative, but must receive prior written permission from the Compliance Officer before serving as a director if, in the course of such service, he or she gives advice with respect to the management of the co-operatives funds. |
5.1.5 | If an Employee serving on the board of directors or advisers of any entity comes into possession of material, non-public information through such service, he or she must immediately notify the Compliance Officer. |
5.1.6 | An Invesco Employee shall not take personal advantage of any economic opportunity properly belonging to an Invesco Client or to Invesco itself. Such opportunities could arise, for example, from confidential information belonging to a client or the offer of a directorship. Employees must not disclose information relating to a clients intentions, activities or portfolios except: |
i) | to fellow Employees, or other agents of the client, who need to know it to discharge their duties; or |
ii) | to the client itself. |
5.1.7 | Employees may not cause or attempt to cause any Client to purchase, sell or hold any Security in a manner calculated to create any personal benefit to the Employee or Invesco. |
5.1.8 | If an Employee or immediate family member stands to materially benefit from an investment decision for an Advisory Client that the Employee is recommending or participating in, the Employee must disclose that interest to persons with authority to make investment decisions and to the Compliance Officer. Based on the information given, a decision will be made on whether or not to restrict the Employees participation in causing a client to purchase or sell a Security in which the Employee has an interest. |
5.1.9 | An Employee must disclose to those persons with authority to make investment decisions for a Client (or to the Compliance Officer if the Employee in question is a person with authority to make investment decisions for the Client), any Beneficial Interest that the Employee (or immediate family) has in that Security or an Equivalent Security, or in the issuer thereof, where the decision could create a material benefit to the Employee (or immediate family) or the appearance of impropriety. The person to whom the Employee reports the interest, in consultation with the Compliance Officer, must determine whether or not the Employee will be restricted in making investment decisions. |
6 | CLIENT INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES OWNED BY INVESCO EMPLOYEES |
6.1 | General Principles: In addition to the specific prohibitions on certain personal securities transactions as set forth herein, and in-line with the requirements of the Fraud Policy, all Employees are prohibited from: |
6.1.1 | Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any prospect or client; |
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6.1.2 | Making any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state to a client or a prospective client, a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
6.1.3 | Engaging in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any prospect or client; |
6.1.4 | Engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any prospect or client; or |
6.1.5 | Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or by Invesco, |
6.1.6 | Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a client) the consideration of any securities transactions by any client or by Invesco. |
7 | CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS |
7.1 | This Code forms part of an Employees contract of employment and any breach may be grounds for disciplinary action up to and including summary dismissal. |
7.2 | In order to implement the general principles, restrictions and prohibitions contained in this Code, each Employee is required to provide the following certifications and reports described in sections 7.2 to 7.4 below: |
7.2.1 | On commencing employment at Invesco, each new Employee shall receive a copy of the Code via electronic means and will be expected to confirm that they understand and accept this Code within 10 days of commencing employment. |
7.2.2 | New Employees are also required, within 10 days of commencing employment, to provide the following to the Compliance Department: |
(i) | a list of all Covered Accounts (see Initial Holdings Report 7.3.1); and |
(ii) | details of any directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises. |
7.3 | Employees are required to sign-off and submit various reports in the Star Compliance system as detailed in sections 7.3.1 to 7.3.4 below. Employees that do not hold any Covered Securities or Covered Accounts are still required to sign-off on these reports. |
7.3.1 | Initial Holdings Reports: Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by inputting into the automated system, Star Compliance, the following information (the information must be current within 45 days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person): |
|
A list of all security holdings, including the name, number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of their |
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immediate family sharing the same household (e.g. a spouse or civil partner and children) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the person; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person |
7.3.2 | Quarterly Transactions Reports: All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest: |
| The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security; |
| The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.); |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions that do not require pre-clearance such as transactions made through an Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan or Exempt Investments (refer to section 3.2).
Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person (including Covered Securities held in a retirement vehicle, including plans sponsored by Invesco or its affiliates).
The report shall include:
| The date the account was established; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.
7.3.3 | Annual Holdings Reports: All Covered Persons must report annually the following information, which must be current within 45 days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance: |
| The security name and the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest; |
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held; |
| With respect to Discretionary Accounts, if any, certifications that such Employee does not discuss any investment decisions with the person making investment decisions; |
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| With respect to any non-public security owned by such Employee, a statement indicating whether the issuer has changed its name or publicly issued securities during such calendar year; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
7.3.4 | Certification of Compliance: All Covered Persons must certify annually that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. |
In addition, all Covered Persons must certify annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved by the Invesco UK Conflicts of Interest Committee.
All Covered Persons must certify within 30 days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the Code and recognise that they are subject to the Code. On an annual basis, Employees are required to provide an updated list of the following to Compliance:
i) | directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises; |
ii) | potential conflicts of interest identified which have not yet been reported to the Compliance Department; and |
iii) | potential Treating Customers Fairly issues identified which have not yet been reported to the Compliance Department. |
7.4 | Confirmations and Statements: In respect of each personal securities transaction involving a Covered Security, the Employee engaging in the transaction must provide the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team a duplicate copy of the trade confirmation, or such other confirmations as are available, in a timely manner. |
Employees are encouraged to direct their brokers to deliver to the Invesco Compliance Department, duplicate trade confirmations and account statements for their Covered Accounts in a timely manner. If duplicate contract notes are not provided by the broker, the Employee must provide the statements directly to Compliance in a timely manner following a trade or receipt of a periodic statement. In addition, Employees must provide duplicate trade confirmations and account statements directly to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team upon request.
The IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team will review reports submitted and report any breaches of this Policy or any other concerns relating to personal trading to the Invesco UK Compliance department. All material breaches and concerns are also reported to Invesco UK Conflicts of Interest Committee.
7.5 | Exempt Investments: Confirmations, periodic statements, and periodic reports need not be provided with respect to Exempt Investments (see 3.2). If an account has the ability to hold both Covered Securities and Exempt Investments, the periodic statement will need to be provided and may include information regarding Exempt Investments. |
7.6 | Disclaimer of Beneficial Interest: Any report required under this Code may contain a statement that such report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct and indirect beneficial interest of the security to which the report relates. |
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7.7 | Annual Review: The Compliance Officer will review the Code on an annual basis and as necessary, in light of legal and business developments and experience in implementing the Code, and will prepare a report to the relevant Executive Committee that: |
7.7.1 | summarises existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in the procedures made during the past year, |
7.7.2 | identifies any violations requiring significant remedial action during the past year, and |
7.7.3 | identifies any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based on the experience under the Code, evolving industry practices, or developments in applicable laws or regulations |
8 | MISCELLANEOUS |
8.1 | Interpretation: The provisions of this Code will be interpreted by the Compliance Officer. Questions of interpretation should be directed in the first instance to the Compliance Officer or his/her designee or, if necessary, with the Compliance Officer of another Invesco entity. The interpretation of the Compliance Officer is final. |
8.2 | Sanctions: Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial. |
Invesco may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the personal security transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.
Any violations of this Code and sanctions therefore will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually.
8.3 | Effective Date: This revised Code shall become effective as of 1 February 2017. |
8.4 | IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team Contact Information You may direct any questions regarding this Code to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team by email to codeofethics@invesco.com or by phone to 203-219-2799. |
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APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS
1. | Advisory Client means any client (including both investment companies and managed accounts) for which Invesco serves as an investment adviser, renders investment advice, or makes investment decisions. |
2. | Beneficial Interest means the opportunity to share, directly or indirectly, in any profit or loss on a transaction in Securities, including but not limited to all joint accounts, partnerships and trusts. |
3. | A Covered Account is defined for purposes of this Policy as any account: |
| Where the Employee is the registered owner of the securities in the account, thereby having a direct financial interest or benefit from the account; or |
| In which an Employee has indirect financial interest or indirect benefit, such as accounts held in the name of the Employees spouse, civil partner, or child living in the same household. |
| In which an Employee has direct control, such as any account for which the Employee has a power of attorney or trading authorisation, trust accounts on which the Employee is appointed a trustee, or corporate accounts for which the Employee is an authorised signing officer. |
The examples provided above are not all-inclusive. There may be other account types and registrations not listed above that are considered covered for the purposes of this Policy.
4. | A Covered Person means any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco UK and any individuals who, whilst not permanent Invesco UK Employees, have access to Invesco offices and/or systems and who could therefore potentially acquire certain material, non-public information. |
5. | Employee means a person who has a contract of employment with, or employed by, Invesco UK or any associated Invesco Company within Europe; including consultants, contractors or temporary Employees. |
6. | Equivalent Security means any Security issued by the same entity as the issuer of a security, including options, rights, warrants, preferred stock, restricted stock, bonds and other obligations of that company. |
7. | Fund means an investment company for which Invesco serves as an adviser or subadviser. |
8. | Good-until-cancelled order means an instruction to buy or sell a security at a specified price that remains active until it is either rescinded by the employee or the trade is executed. |
9. | High quality short-term debt instruments means any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and which is treated in one of the highest two rating categories by a Nationally Recognised Statistical Rating Organisation, or which is unrated but is of comparable quality. |
10. | Independent Fund Director means an independent director of an investment company advised by Invesco. |
11. | Initial Public Offering means any security which is being offered for the first time on a Recognised Stock Exchange. |
12. | Open-Ended Collective Investment Scheme means any Open-ended Investment Company, US Mutual Fund, UK ICVC or Irish Unit Trust, Luxembourg SICAV, French SICAV or Bermuda Fund. |
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13. | Securities Transaction means a purchase of or sale of Securities. |
14. | Security includes stock, notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan participations and assignments), limited partnership interests, investment contracts, and all derivative instruments, such as options and warrants. |
15. | UK ICVC and affiliate schemes defined as all UK domiciled Invesco ICVCs, all Invesco Continental European domestic ranges and all Invesco Ireland and Luxembourg SICAVs and Unit Trusts. |
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APPENDIX B
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT
OF INVESCO UK REVISED CODE OF ETHICS
Only complete this version of the Annual Acknowledgement where you are unable to complete the electronic version.
I acknowledge that I have received the Invesco Code of Ethics dated 1 February 2017, and represent that:
1. | In accordance with Section 7 of the Code of Ethics, I will fully disclose the Securities holdings in Covered Accounts*; |
2. | In accordance with Section 3 of the Code of Ethics, I will obtain prior authorisation for all Securities Transactions in each of my Covered Accounts except for transactions exempt from pre-clearance under Section 3 of the Code of Ethics*; |
3. | In accordance with section 7 of the Code of Ethics, I will report all Securities Transactions in each of my Covered Accounts except for transactions exempt from reporting under Section 3 of the Code of Ethics; |
4. | I have notified all individuals who own accounts that are Covered Accounts of the requirements set forth in this Code and understand that these accounts are subject to the Code including reporting and pre-clearance requirements; |
5. | I have been authorised by all individuals who own Covered Accounts to provide the relevant details concerning their securities transactions in accordance with the Code; |
6. | I will comply with the Code of Ethics in all other respects; and |
7. | I understand that a violation of the Code may be grounds for disciplinary action or termination of my employment and may also be a violation of law and regulations which may give rise to civil as well as criminal liability. |
Signature | ||||
Print Name |
Date:
* | Representations Nos: 1 and 2 do not apply to Independent Fund Directors |
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APPENDIX C
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS
To be completed by all Employees following the end of each calendar year - only complete this version of the Annual Certification where you are unable to complete the electronic version.
I hereby certify that, with respect to the calendar year ending on 31 December 2016 (the Calendar Year), I have reported to Invesco all Securities Transactions in respect of each of my Covered Account(s). I further certify that I have reviewed the attachments hereto and confirm that:
a) | Sections A & B contain a complete list of Covered Account(s) as well as a complete list of my directorships, advisory board memberships and similar positions; |
b) | Section C contains a complete list of trades, other than Exempt Investments, in my Covered Account(s) during the Calendar Year for which contract notes/confirmations have not been forwarded; |
c) | Sections D & E contain details of any potential Conflicts of Interest and Treating Customers Fairly issues identified during the year but not yet reported. |
I further certify that:
a) | For any of my Covered Accounts which have been approved by the Compliance Department as a Discretionary Account(s) (which have been identified on Section A with an E prefix), that I have not exercised investment discretion or influenced any investment decisions and that I will not exercise investment discretion or influence any potential investment decisions with such Discretionary Account(s); |
b) | As appropriate, I have identified on Section A hereto those Covered Accounts which contain open-ended Collective Investment Schemes/Investment Companies shares only but for which account statements and confirms are not and have not been provided and hereby confirm that all securities transactions in these accounts are and will be limited exclusively to transactions in shares of open-ended Collective Investment Schemes; |
c) | For any privately-issued security held by me or my Covered Account(s), I will inform the Compliance Department upon learning that any issuer has either changed its name or has issued or proposed to issue any class of security to the public; |
d) | I have complied with the requirements of the Conflicts of Interest Policy, the Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment (Inducements) Policy, the Anti-Bribery Policy, the Market Abuse Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Fraud Policy and the Treating Customers Fairly Policy; |
e) | I have not used personal hedging strategies or remuneration or liability related insurance contracts to undermine any risk alignment effects embedded in my remuneration arrangements; |
f) | I have read and understand my departments procedures; |
g) | I have admitted to and reported any errors at the time they occurred or as soon I became aware of them; and |
h) | I have received a copy of and understand the Code in its entirety and acknowledge that I am subject to its provisions. I also certify that I have complied and will comply with its requirements; |
To the extent that any of the attached Schedules contain inaccurate or incomplete information, I have noted and initialled the change directly on the Schedule and returned this certification along with all Schedules to the Compliance Department. Capitalised terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given to them in the Code.
Signature | ||||
Print Name |
Date:
UPON YOUR FULL REVIEW AND EXECUTION, PLEASE RETURN THE ENTIRE
PACKAGE IMMEDIATELY TO THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT IN HENLEY
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APPENDIX C
Annual Certificate of Compliance with THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS
Section A - COVERED ACCOUNTS
The following is a list of Covered Accounts subject to the Invesco Code of Ethics:
Section B - Directorships, Advisory Board Memberships and Similar Positions held
The following is a list of directorships, advisory board memberships and similar positions that I hold:
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APPENDIX C
Annual Certificate of Compliance with THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS
Section C Trades
The following is a list of trades undertaken during the period for which contract notes/confirmations have not been forwarded:
Section D - Conflicts of Interest
The following is a list of potential conflicts of interest I have identified during the course of the year and not already reported to the Compliance Department:
Section E Treating Customers Fairly (TCF)
The following is a list of potential TCF issues I have identified during the course of the year and not already reported via the TCF Scorecards:
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APPENDIX D
Type of Transaction in IVZ |
Pre-Clearance |
Basis for Approval |
Quarterly Reporting of
Transactions |
Annual
Report of Holdings |
||||||
- Open market purchases & sales | Yes | Not permitted in | Yes | Yes | ||||||
- Transactions in plan | blackout periods. | |||||||||
Compliance | Compliance | Compliance | ||||||||
Officer |
Officer | Officer | ||||||||
Exercise of Employee Stock Options when same day sale |
Yes |
Not permitted in
closed periods for |
Yes | n/a | ||||||
Recd when merged w/ Invesco |
IVZ Company | those in the | Compliance | |||||||
Options for Stock Grants |
Secretarial | Blackout Group. | Officer | |||||||
Options for Global Stock Plans |
||||||||||
Options for Restricted StkAwards |
Option holding
period must be satisfied. |
|||||||||
Sale of Stocks Exercised and held until later date. Options Exercised will have been received as follows: |
Yes
|
Not permitted in
closed periods for |
Yes
|
Yes
|
||||||
Recd when merged w/ Invesco |
Compliance | those in the | Compliance | Compliance | ||||||
Options for Stock Grants |
Officer | Blackout Group. | Officer | Officer | ||||||
Options for Global Stock Plans |
||||||||||
Options for Restricted StkAwards |
Stock holding period | |||||||||
must be satisfied. | ||||||||||
Sale of Stock Purchased through Sharesave or Invesco Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
Not permitted
in closed periods for those in the Blackout Group. |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
||||||
Sale of Stock Purchased through UK Share Incentive Plan |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
Not permitted
in closed periods for those in the Blackout Group. |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
Yes
Compliance Officer |
1) Open market purchases/sales - Pre-clearance to deal is required from Compliance, no dealing is permitted during close periods for those in the Blackout Group. Details of closed periods are posted to the intranet site by Company Secretarial.
2) Employee Stock Options (a) exercise/same day sale - authorisation of the Option is granted by Company Secretarial Department and signed by Trustees of the Scheme.
3) Employee Stock Options (b) exercise/take possession/subsequent day sale - same as above, except that individual would pay for the shares and pay tax. The stock would then be lodged in the Employee share service arrangement - then if subsequent disposal was sought the normal pre-clearance process would apply (pre-clearance from Compliance - no dealing during closed periods for Blackout Group members).
4) Stock Grants (Global Stock Plans) - Awards made yearly, stock would be purchased through Company Secretarial and held for three years. After three years elect to keep the shares or distribute - stock would be transferred to Employee share service arrangement with normal pre-clearance/closed period requirements.
5) Employees who receive IVZ stock when their company is purchased by IVZ - stock distribution as part of the transaction to buy the Company concerned. Stock would be issued to the individual concerned and, depending on the terms of the deal, may be required to be held for a period. Stock would be transferred into the Employee share service, and subject to terms of the Company deal would then follow normal pre-clearance/close period guidelines.
6) Restricted Stock Awards - similar to stock grants as above - except tax not paid initially - pre-clearance from Compliance and closed period restrictions apply.
7) Transactions in IVZ stock via a pension plan - Transaction no different to open market purchases - pre-clearance required, dealing in closed periods not allowed.
8) Sharesave - If Sharesave is exercised then stock would be placed into Employee share service arrangement. Then if individual sells they go through normal pre-clearance and closed period process. Special rules may be brought in at share save anniversary dates. These will be communicated as appropriate.
9) UK Share Incentive Plan (SIP) - A UK SIP is open to UK Employees - which is a tax efficient way of purchasing shares on a monthly basis. The shares must be held for 5 years from initial purchase date - sell before and then tax would be paid. If you sell after the five year period, then normal pre-clearance and closed period restrictions would apply.
10) Invesco Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) - payroll deduction contributions or purchases into the ESPP do not require pre-clearance but all sale transactions do require pre-clearance. Employees who are not subject to a blackout period are allowed to sell the IVZ shares immediately they are available to sell. The 60 day holding period does not apply to such sales.
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Invesco Ltd. Code of Conduct
A. | Introduction |
Invescos Code of Conduct supports our Purpose of delivering an investment experience that helps people get more out of life. This Code of Conduct (Code of Conduct or Code) has been created to assist us in accomplishing our Purpose. It contains a number of policies and standards which, when taken together, are designed to help define the essence of the conduct of an Invesco representative. These policies and standards are also intended to provide guidance to Invesco personnel in fulfilling their obligations to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations (applicable laws). This Code of Conduct applies to all officers and other employees of Invesco and its subsidiaries (collectively, Covered Persons).
Being a purpose-driven firm strengthens Invescos culture. In practice, this means that our clients interests must always come first, that Covered Persons should treat each other with respect and consideration, and that Invesco should participate as a responsible corporate citizen in every community in which it operates. This commitment is a vital part of our achieving our principal responsibility as a publicly-held company: producing a fair return on our shareholders capital.
This Code of Conduct contains broad and general principles that supplement the specific policies, procedures and training within each business unit of Invesco.
B. | Statement of General Principles |
Invesco operates in a highly-regulated and complex environment. There are numerous layers of overlapping, and occasionally conflicting, laws, customs and local practices. This Code of Conduct was designed to provide all of us who are part of Invesco with a clear statement of our firms ethical and cultural standards.
Generally, we serve our clients as fiduciaries. Fiduciary businesses are generally held to a higher standard of conduct than other businesses, and as such there are special obligations that apply. The following key duties and principles govern our conduct as fiduciaries:
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| Best interests of clients - As fiduciaries, we have a duty to act with reasonable care, skill and caution in the best interests of our clients, and to avoid conflicts of interest. |
| Global fiduciary standards - Invesco seeks to maintain the same high fiduciary standards throughout the world, even though those standards may not be legally required, or even recognized, in some countries. |
| Client confidentiality - We must maintain the confidentiality of information relating to the client, and comply with the data protection requirements imposed by many jurisdictions. |
| Information - Clients must be provided with timely and accurate information regarding their accounts. |
| Segregation and protection of assets - Processes must be established for the proper maintenance, control and protection of client assets. Fiduciary assets must be segregated from Invesco assets and property. |
| Delegation of duties - Fiduciary duties should be delegated only when the client consents and where permitted by applicable law. Reasonable care, skill and caution must be exercised in the selection of agents and review of their performance. |
| Client guidelines - Invesco is responsible for making investment decisions on behalf of clients that are consistent with the prospectus, contract, or other controlling document relating to the clients account. |
| Relations with regulators - We seek relationships with regulators that are open and responsive in nature. |
C. | General Conduct |
1. | Fair and Honest Dealing |
Covered Persons shall deal fairly and honestly with Invescos shareholders, customers, suppliers, competitors and employees. Covered Persons shall behave in an ethical manner and shall not take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other unfair dealing practice.
2. | Anti-Discrimination and Harassment |
Invesco is committed to providing a work environment that is free of discrimination and harassment. Such conduct, whether overt or subtle, is demeaning, may be illegal, and undermines the integrity of the employment relationship.
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Sexual harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, pressure to engage in a sexual relationship as a condition of employment or promotion, or conduct which creates a hostile or offensive work environment.
Discrimination can take many forms including actions, words, jokes, or comments based upon an individuals race, citizenship, ethnicity, color, religion, sex, veteran status, national origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status or other legally protected characteristic. Any Covered Person who engages in harassment or discrimination will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
3. | Electronic Communications |
The use of electronic mail, the Internet and other technology assets is an important part of our work at Invesco. Used improperly, this technology presents legal and business risks for the company and for individual employees. There are also important privacy issues associated with the use of technology, and related regulations are evolving.
In accordance with Invescos IT Systems: Acceptable Use policies, all Covered Persons are required to use information technology for proper business purposes and in a manner that does not compromise the confidentiality of sensitive or proprietary information. All communications with the public, clients, prospects and fellow employees must be conducted with dignity, integrity, and competence and in an ethical and professional manner.
We must not use information technology to: transmit or store materials which are obscene, pornographic, or otherwise offensive; engage in criminal activity; obtain unauthorized access to data or files; commit copyright violations; install personal software without permission; or make Internet statements, without permission, that suggest that the user is speaking on behalf of Invesco or its affiliates.
4. | Substance Abuse |
Invesco is committed to providing a safe and healthy work place for all employees. The use, possession, sale, transfer, purchase, or being under the influence of drugs at any time while on company premises or on company business is prohibited. The term drug includes alcoholic beverages (other than in connection with entertainment events, or in other appropriate settings), prescriptions not authorized by your doctor, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, heroin and other illegal substances.
5. | Political Activities and Lobbying |
Covered Persons, as private citizens, are encouraged to exercise their rights and duties in any political or civic process. For example, voting in elections for which they are eligible, or making contributions supporting candidates or parties of their choice.
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Invesco does not make political contributions with corporate funds. No Covered Person may, under any circumstances, use company funds to make political contributions, nor may you represent your personal political views as being those of the company. In the United States, Invesco does support a Political Action Committee.
D. | Conflicts of Interest |
Invesco and its Covered Persons must adhere to the highest standards of honest and ethical conduct. A conflict of interest exists when a Covered Person acts in a manner that is not in the best interests of Invesco, our clients, or our shareholders. Often, this is because the Covered Person or someone with whom they have a close personal relationship (e.g. a relative or friend) will benefit personally.
All Covered Persons must act in a manner that is in the best interests of Invesco, our clients, and our shareholders and must avoid any situation that gives rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest. At no time may a Covered Person use Invesco property, information, or their position to profit personally or to assist others in profiting at the expense of the company, to compete with Invesco, or to take advantage of opportunities that are discovered in the course of serving Invesco.
All Covered Persons shall promptly communicate to the applicable member of Compliance any material transaction, relationship, or situation that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest so that the company and the Covered Person may take steps to minimize the conflict.
While not all-inclusive, the following sections describe in more detail key areas where real or perceived conflicts of interest can arise.
1. | Outside Activities and Compensation |
No Covered Person shall perform work or render services for any competitor of Invesco or for any organization with which Invesco does business, or which seeks to do business with Invesco, outside of the normal course of his or her employment with Invesco, without the prior written approval of the company. Nor shall any such person be a director, officer, or consultant of such an organization, or permit his or her name to be used in any fashion that would tend to indicate a business connection with such organization, without such approval. Outside organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. With the above approval, Covered Persons may receive compensation for such activities.
Service with organizations outside of Invesco can; however, raise serious regulatory issues, including conflicts of interest and access to material non-public information.
As an outside board member or officer, a Covered Person may come into possession of material non-public information about the outside company or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between Invesco and the
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outside organization, and that the Covered Person does not communicate such information to other Covered Persons in violation of the information barrier.
Similarly, Invesco may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the Covered Person must not be involved in any way in the business relationship between Invesco and the outside organization.
Invesco retains the right to prohibit membership by Covered Persons on any board of directors/trustees or as an officer of an outside organization where such membership might conflict with the best interests of the company. Approval will be granted on a case-by-case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if these issues can be satisfactorily resolved.
2. | Personal Trading |
Purchasing and selling securities in a Covered Persons own account, or accounts over which the Covered Person has access or control, particularly in securities owned by client accounts, can give rise to potential conflicts of interest. As fiduciaries, we are held to the highest standards of conduct. Improperly gaining advance knowledge of portfolio transactions, or conducting securities transactions based upon information obtained at Invesco, can be a violation of those standards.
Every Covered Person must also comply with the specific personal trading rules in effect for the Covered Persons business unit.
3. | Information Barriers, Material Non-Public Information, and Inside Information |
In the conduct of our business, Covered Persons may come into possession of material non-public information or inside information. This information could concern an issuer, a client, a portfolio, the market for a particular security, or Invesco itself. The Board of Directors of the company has adopted an Insider Trading Policy (Insider Trading Policy) which applies to all Covered Persons. The Insider Trading Policy prohibits all Covered Persons from using such information in ways that violate the law, including for personal gain. Non-public information must be kept confidential, which may include keeping it confidential from other Covered Persons. The purchase or sale of Invescos securities or the securities of other publicly-traded companies while aware of material nonpublic information about such company, or the disclosure of material nonpublic information to others who then trade in such companys securities, is prohibited by this Code of Conduct and applicable securities laws.
With regard to Invesco securities, the Insider Trading Policy, among other provisions, prohibits directors, officers, and other Covered Persons who are deemed to have access to material, non-public information relating to the company from trading during specified Blackout Periods (as defined therein). All Covered Persons should review the Invesco Insider Trading Policy and any applicable local procedures carefully and follow the policies and procedures described therein. The failure of a Covered Person to comply with the companys Insider Trading Policy and any applicable local procedures
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may subject him or her to company-imposed sanctions, up to and including termination for cause, whether or not the failure to comply results in a violation of law. Please contact an appropriate member of Compliance on any questions regarding this subject and the companys Insider Trading Policy or any applicable local procedures.
4. | Gifts and Relationships with Customers and Suppliers |
Invesco seeks to do business with clients and suppliers on a fair and equitable basis. We may not accept or provide gifts of other than nominal value, or lavish entertainment, or other valuable benefits or special favors to or from customers or suppliers. We must observe any limits imposed by our business units policies, local laws, or regulations with respect to the acceptance or provision of gifts and entertainment.
E. | Compliance with Applicable Laws |
Invesco strives to ensure that all activity by or on behalf of Invesco is in compliance with applicable laws. As Invesco operates in major countries and securities markets throughout the world, we have a duty to comply with applicable laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. While not exhaustive, this section describes several areas where such legislation may exist.
1. | Anti-Bribery and Dealings with Governmental Officials |
Invesco does not tolerate bribery. We, and those working on Invescos behalf, must not offer, request, receive, give, accept or agree to accept bribes to or from anyone whether in the private or public sector with the intent to induce or reward improper performance of duties.
Many of the countries in which Invesco conducts its business prohibit the improper influencing of governmental officials or other business persons by the payment, giving or offering of bribes, gifts, political contributions, lavish hospitality or by other means. Our policy requires adherence to those restrictions.
Do not directly or indirectly promise, offer or make payment in money or give an advantage or anything of value to anyone including a government official, agent or employee of a government, political party, labor organization, charity, a business entity or its representatives, a candidate of a political party or their families, with the intent to induce favorable business treatment or improper performance of their business or government decisions and actions.
This policy prohibits actions intended to, for example, improperly:
| influence a specific decision or action or |
| enhance future relationships or |
| maintain existing relationships |
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We must not request, accept or agree to accept payments or other advantages that are intended to improperly influence our decisions or actions or additionally, agree to any business relationships that are conditional on such advantages being given or received.
In general, all travel and entertainment that Covered Persons provide to existing or perspective business partners and governmental officials must be pre-approved within the appropriate business unit. If approved, and in the case of situations involving government officials, a written confirmation that such expenses do not violate local law must be obtained from an appropriate third party (e.g., the business units legal counsel or the government officials supervisor).
Covered Persons shall comply with applicable laws governing political campaign finance and lobbying activities and shall not engage in any conduct that is intended to avoid the application of such laws to activities undertaken on Invescos behalf. In addition, appropriate executive officers shall monitor compliance with lobbyist registration and disclosure requirements by all individuals who act on behalf of Invesco.
These prohibitions in this section extend to any consultants or agents we may retain on behalf of Invesco.
Further information can be found in the Invesco Anti-Bribery Policy. Guidance regarding genuine and allowable gifts and entertainment is set out in the Invesco Ltd Gifts and Entertainment Policy.
2. | Anti-Money Laundering |
In the global marketplace, the attempted use of financial institutions and instruments to launder money is a significant problem that has resulted in the passage of strict laws in many countries. Money laundering is the attempt to disguise money derived from or intended to finance illegal activity including drug trafficking, terrorism, organized crime, fraud, and many other crimes. Money launderers go to great lengths to hide the sources of their funds. Among the most common stratagems are placing cash in legitimate financial institutions, layering between numerous financial institutions, and integrating the laundered proceeds back into the economy as apparently legitimate funds.
All Covered Persons must be vigilant in the fight against money laundering, and must not allow Invesco to be used for money laundering. Each business unit has developed an anti-money laundering program that is consistent with Invescos policy. Each Covered Person must comply with the applicable program.
3. | Antitrust |
The laws of many countries are designed to protect consumers from illegal competitive actions such as price fixing and dividing markets. It is Invescos policy and practice to compete based on the merits of our products and services. In order to further that policy, Covered Persons must not fix or control prices with competitors, divide up
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territories or markets, limit the production or sale of products, boycott certain suppliers or customers, unfairly control or restrict trade in any way, restrict a competitors marketing practices, or disparage a competitor. Covered Persons must never discuss products, pricing or markets with competitors with the intent to fix prices or divide markets.
4. | International Issues |
If you conduct business for Invesco outside of the U.S., in addition to being familiar with the local laws of the other countries involved, be sure you are familiar with the following U.S. laws and regulations. Violations of these laws can result in substantial fines, imprisonment and severe restrictions on the companys ability to do business.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar laws in many other countries have a variety of provisions that regulate business in other countries and with foreign citizens. In essence, these laws make it a crime to promise or give anything of value to a foreign official or political party in order to obtain or keep business or obtain any improper advantage. It is also illegal to make payments to agents, sales representatives or other third parties if you have reason to believe your gift will be used illegally. Seek advice from the appropriate member of Compliance for interpretation of the FCPA or similar laws if you are involved in any business dealings that involve foreign countries.
Anti-Boycott Laws
From time to time, various countries may impose restrictions upon the ability of businesses in their jurisdiction to engage in commerce with designated individuals, countries or companies. These laws are commonly referred to as boycotts or trade embargoes. It may be against the law to cooperate in any boycotts between foreign countries not sanctioned by the laws of the place where your office is located. All requests for boycott support or boycott-related information must be reported to your supervisor and the member of Compliance with responsibility for your office.
Similarly, many countries contribute the names of criminal or terrorist organizations or individuals to a common database and require financial institutions to screen customer lists against the database as part of their Know Your Customer obligations. We must be aware of, and where appropriate, adhere to any such restrictions.
Embargo Sanctions
The United States Treasury Departments Office of Foreign Assets Control prohibits U.S. companies and their foreign subsidiaries from doing business with certain countries and agencies and certain individuals. The laws of other countries may have similar types of prohibitions. The regulations vary depending on the country and the
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type of transaction and often change as countries foreign policies change. If you are aware of any sensitive political issues with a country in which Invesco is doing or considering doing business, seek advice from the appropriate member of Compliance.
F. | Information Management |
1. | Confidential Information |
Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to the company or its customers, if disclosed. All information (in any form, including electronic information) that is created or used in support of company business activities is the property of Invesco. This company information is a valuable asset and Covered Persons are expected to protect it from unauthorized disclosure. This includes Invesco customer, supplier, business partner, and employee data. United States (federal and state) and other jurisdictions laws may restrict the use of such information and impose penalties for impermissible use or disclosure.
Covered Persons must maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the company or its customers, vendors or consultants except when disclosure is properly authorized by the company or legally mandated. Covered Persons shall take all reasonable efforts to safeguard such confidential information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties.
Information pertaining to Invescos competitive position or business strategies, and information relating to negotiations with Covered Persons or third parties, should be protected and shared only with Covered Persons having a need to know such information in order to perform their job responsibilities.
2. | Data Privacy |
Data privacy, as it relates both to our clients and our employees, has become a major political and legal issue in many jurisdictions in which we do business. A variety of laws in each of those jurisdictions governs the collection, storage, dissemination, transfer, use, access to and confidentiality of personal information and patient health information. These laws can work to limit transfers of such data across borders and even among affiliated entities within Invesco. Invesco and its Covered Persons will comply with all provisions of these laws that relate to its business, including the privacy, security and electronic transmission of financial, health and other personal information. The company expects its Covered Persons to keep all such data confidential and to protect, use and disclose information in the conduct of our business only in compliance with these laws. The company will consider and may release personal information to third parties to comply with law or to protect the rights, property or safety of Invesco and its customers. In accordance with Invesco policies, each business unit has developed required disclosures and data security procedures applicable to that business unit. All Covered Persons must comply with the applicable procedures.
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With respect to Invesco Covered Persons, all salary, benefit, medical and other personal information relating to Covered Persons shall generally be treated as confidential. Personnel files, payroll information, disciplinary matters, and similar information are to be maintained in a manner designed to protect confidentiality in accordance with applicable laws. All Covered Persons shall exercise due care to prevent the release or sharing of such information beyond those persons who may need such information to fulfill their job functions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all personnel information belongs solely to Invesco and may be reviewed or used by the company as needed to conduct its business.
G. | Protecting Invescos Assets |
All Covered Persons shall strive to preserve and protect the companys assets and resources and to promote their efficient use. The standards set forth below are intended to guide Covered Persons by articulating Invescos expectations as they relate to activities or behaviors that may affect the companys assets.
1. | Personal Use of Corporate Assets |
Theft, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on Invescos profitability. Covered Persons are not to convert assets of the company to personal use. Company property should be used for the companys legitimate business purposes and the business of the company shall be conducted in a manner designed to further Invescos interest rather than the personal interest of an individual Covered Person. Covered Persons are prohibited from the unauthorized use or taking of Invescos equipment, supplies, materials or services. Prior to engaging in any activity on company time which will result in remuneration to the Covered Person or the use of Invescos equipment, supplies, materials or services for personal or non-work related purposes, officers and other Covered Persons shall obtain the approval of the supervisor of the appropriate business unit.
2. | Use of Company Software |
Covered Persons use software programs for word processing, spreadsheets, data management, and many other applications. Software products purchased by the company are covered by some form of licensing agreement that describes the terms, conditions and allowed uses. It is the companys policy to respect copyright laws and observe the terms and conditions of any license agreements. Copyright laws in the United States and other countries impose civil and criminal penalties for illegal reproductions and use of licensed software. You must be aware of the restrictions on the use of software and abide by those restrictions. Invesco business equipment may not be used to reproduce commercial software. In addition, you may not use personal software on company equipment without prior written approval.
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3. | Computer Resources/E-mail |
The companys computer resources, which include the electronic messaging systems (e-mail, SMS, etc.), belong to Invesco and not to the Covered Person. They are not intended to be used for amusement, solicitation, or other non-business purposes. While it is recognized that Covered Persons will occasionally use the system for personal communications, it is expected that such uses will be kept to a minimum and that Covered Persons will be responsible and professional in their use of these functions. The use of the computer systems to make or forward derogatory or offensive remarks about other people or groups is prohibited. E-mail/Text messages should be treated as any other written business communication.
4. | Invesco Intellectual Property |
Covered Persons must carefully maintain and manage the intellectual property rights of Invesco, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets, to preserve and protect their value. Information, ideas and intellectual property assets of Invesco are important to the companys success.
Invescos name, logo, trademarks, inventions, processes and innovations are intellectual property assets and their protection is vital to the success of the companys business. The companys and any of its subsidiaries names, logos and other trademarks and service marks are to be used only for authorized company business and never in connection with personal or other activities unless appropriately approved and in accordance with company policy. In addition, our Covered Persons must respect the intellectual property rights of third parties. Violation of these rights can subject both you and the company to substantial liability, including criminal penalties.
Any work product produced in the course of performing your job shall be deemed to be a work made for hire and shall belong to Invesco and is to be used only for the benefit of Invesco. This includes such items as marketing plans, product development plans, computer programs, software, hardware and similar materials. You must share any innovations or inventions you create with your supervisor so that the company can take steps to protect these valuable assets.
5. | Retention of Books and Records |
Invesco corporate records are important assets. Corporate records include essentially everything you produce as a Covered Person, regardless of its format. A corporate record may be in the form of paper, electronic data, e-mail, or voice mail. It may be something as obvious as a memorandum or a contract or something not as obvious, such as a desk calendar, an appointment book, or an expense record.
Invesco is required by law to maintain certain types of corporate records, usually for a specified period of time. Failure to retain such documents for such minimum periods could subject Invesco to penalties and fines, cause the loss of rights, obstruct justice, place Invesco in contempt of court, or place Invesco at a serious disadvantage in litigation. However, storage of voluminous records over time is costly. Therefore,
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Invesco has established controls to assure retention for required periods and timely destruction of retrievable records, such as paper copies and records on computers and electronic systems. Even if a document is retained for the legally required period, liability could still result if a document is destroyed before its scheduled destruction date.
Invesco and its affiliates are subject to the regulatory requirements of numerous countries and regulatory agencies. Virtually all of them have specific requirements concerning the creation, maintenance and storage of business records. Invesco expects all Covered Persons to become familiar with and fully comply with the records retention/destruction schedule for the departments and office locations for which they work. If you believe documents should be retained beyond the applicable retention period, consult with the Records Management Department.
6. | Sales and Marketing Materials |
Invesco is committed to building sustained, open, and honest relationships with our customers, and to complying with all relevant regulatory requirements. This requires that all marketing and sales-related materials be prepared under standards approved by Compliance and, prior to use, reviewed and approved by the appropriate supervisor within a business unit. Covered materials include but are not limited to, requests for proposals, client presentations, performance summaries, advertisements, published market commentaries, brochures and web site content.
H. | Disclosure of Invesco Information |
1. | Integrity and Accuracy of Financial Records |
The preparation and maintenance of accurate books, records and accounts is required by law and essential to the proper discharge of financial, legal and reporting obligations. All Covered Persons are prohibited from directly or indirectly falsifying or causing to be false or misleading any financial or accounting book, record or account. In addition, all financial data must be completely and accurately recorded in compliance with applicable law and Invescos accounting policies and procedures. A Covered Person may violate this section by acting or by failing to act when he or she becomes aware of a violation or potential violation of this section.
2. | Disclosure in Reports and Documents |
Filings and Public Materials . As a public company, it is important that the companys filings with the SEC and other U.S. federal, state, domestic and international regulatory agencies are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The company also makes many other filings with the SEC and other U.S. and international regulatory agencies on behalf of the funds that its subsidiaries and affiliates manage. Further, the company prepares mutual fund account statements, client investment performance information,
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prospectuses and advertising materials that are sent out to its mutual fund shareholders and clients.
Disclosure and Reporting Policy . The companys policy is to comply with all applicable disclosure, financial reporting and accounting regulations applicable to the company. The company maintains the highest commitment to its disclosure and reporting requirements, and expects and requires all Covered Persons to record information accurately and truthfully in the books and records of the company.
Information for Filings . Depending on his or her position with the company, a Covered Person may be called upon to provide necessary information to assure that the companys public reports and regulatory filings are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The company expects all Covered Persons to be diligent in providing accurate information to the inquiries that are made related to the companys public disclosure requirements.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . Covered Persons are required to cooperate and comply with the companys disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting so that the companys reports and documents filed with the SEC and other U.S. federal, state, domestic and international regulatory agencies comply in all material respects with applicable laws and provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure.
3. | Improper Influence on the Conduct of Audits |
Every Covered Person must deal fairly and honestly with outside accountants performing audits, reviews or examinations of Invescos and its subsidiaries financial statements. To that end, no Covered Person of Invesco may make or cause to be made a materially false or misleading statement (or omit facts necessary to make the statements made not misleading) in connection with an audit, review or examination of financial statements by independent accountants or the preparation of any document or report required to be filed with a governmental or regulatory authority. Covered Persons of Invesco also are prohibited from coercing, manipulating, misleading or fraudulently inducing any independent public or certified public accountant engaged in the performance or review of financial statements that are required to be filed with a governmental or regulatory authority if he or she knows or should have known that his or her actions could result in making those financial statements materially misleading.
4. | Standards for Invescos Financial Officers |
Invescos Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer (the Financial Officers) are required to take all reasonable steps to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosures in the reports and documents that Invesco files with or submits to the SEC and other regulatory bodies and in other public communications made by Invesco. In the event that a Financial Officer learns that any such report, document or communication does not meet this standard and such deviation is material, then the Financial Officers are required to review and investigate
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such deviation, advise the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors regarding the deviation and, where necessary, revise the relevant report, document or communication.
Although a particular accounting treatment for one or more of Invescos operations may be permitted under applicable accounting standards, the Financial Officers may not authorize or permit the use of such an accounting treatment if the effect is to distort or conceal Invescos true financial condition. The accounting standards and treatments utilized by Invesco must, in all instances, be determined on an objective and uniform basis and without reference to a single transaction or series of transactions and their impact on Invescos financial results for a particular time period. Any new or novel accounting treatment or standard that is to be utilized in the preparation of Invescos financial statements must be discussed with Invescos Audit Committee and its independent auditors.
5. | Communications with the Media |
Invesco has a long-standing policy of co-operating with the news media. This policy is intended to enhance the companys reputation, provide accurate information, and achieve our business goals.
Invesco employs media relations professionals who are responsible for managing our interaction with the news media. Invescos Corporate Communications Department is responsible for formulating and directing our media relations approach and policy worldwide. Other Invesco employees should not speak to or disseminate information to the news media unless such contact has been requested and arranged by or coordinated with an Invesco media relations professional in accordance with the companys media relations policy. Any contact from the news media should be referred promptly and without comment to an Invesco media relations professional. If you do not know the appropriate media relations professional for your unit, you can refer the contact to the Invesco Corporate Communications Department.
6. | Communications with Analysts and Shareholders |
Many countries have detailed rules with regard to the dissemination of information about public companies. In particular, a public company must have procedures for controlling the release of information that may have a material impact on its share price. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer are responsible for Invescos relationships with the financial community, including the release of price sensitive information. Other Invesco employees may not speak to or disseminate information regarding the company to the financial community (including analysts, investors, shareholders, Company lenders, and rating agencies) unless such contact has been requested and arranged by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or the Investor Relations Department.
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I. | Compliance with the Code of Conduct |
1. | Your Responsibilities |
One persons misconduct can damage our entire companys hard-earned reputation and compromise the publics trust in the company. Every Covered Person should therefore be familiar with this Code and abide strictly by its provisions.
2. | Reporting Violations of the Code |
As part of being accountable to each other and Invesco, all Covered Persons are required to report possible violations of the Invesco Code of Conduct, laws or regulations. Such violations can include, but are not limited to:
| Violations of any laws or regulations generally involving Invesco; |
| Questionable accounting matters, internal accounting controls, auditing matters, breaches of fiduciary duty or violations of United States or foreign securities laws or rules (collectively, Accounting Matters) including, but not limited to: |
| fraud or deliberate error in the preparation, evaluation, review or audit of any financial statement of Invesco; |
| fraud or deliberate error in the recording and maintaining of financial records of Invesco; |
| deficiencies in or non-compliance with Invescos internal accounting controls; |
| misrepresentation or false statements to or by a senior officer or accountant regarding a matter contained in the financial records, financial reports or audit reports of Invesco; |
| deviation from full and fair reporting of Invescos financial condition; or |
fraudulent or criminal activities engaged in by officers, directors or employees of Invesco;
You may report your concerns in any of three ways:
Contact your supervisor
We encourage you to first contact your immediate supervisor or another appropriate person in your own management chain of any concerns raised.
Contact the Legal, Compliance, Internal Audit or Human Resources Departments
If you prefer not to discuss a concern with your own supervisor or others in your own management chain, you may instead contact the Legal, Compliance, Internal Audit or Human Resources Departments directly. The individual you report the matter to would
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be responsible for working with you to determine the details of your concern as well as following Invescos reporting and escalation processes in order to address the matter.
Call our Invesco Whistleblower Hotline
If raising a concern in the first two methods makes you uncomfortable for any reason, or if you and/or the individual you have reported your concern do not feel Invescos established reporting and escalation channels would effectively address or is not effectively addressing the matter you have raised, you may also report your concerns confidentially and anonymously by calling the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline. If you are calling from a U.S. or Canadian location, dial 1-855-234-9780 . For calls from all other locations, Use the following link to identify a toll-free number for your country:
Link to International Toll-Free Numbers
You may also report your concern by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at www.invesco.ethicspoint.com .
The Invesco Whistleblower Hotline is administered by an outside vendor and is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For more information on the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline, please click here: Invesco Whistleblower Hotline .
Complaints relating to Accounting Matters will be reviewed pursuant to the Audit Committees policy and procedures and under its direction and oversight by such persons as the Audit Committee determines to be appropriate. All other matters will be reviewed under the direction and oversight of the appropriate departments within Invesco, usually also including Compliance. Prompt and appropriate corrective action will be taken when and as warranted in the judgment of the Audit Committee or other reviewing department.
Invesco will not permit retaliation, retribution, harassment, or intimidation of any employee who in good faith reports a possible violation. Along with the three reporting methods described above, this also includes, but is not limited to an employee who discloses information to a government or law enforcement agency, or any other national, state or provincial securities regulatory authority where the employee has reasonable cause to believe that the information discloses a violation or possible violation of federal or state law or regulation.
However, employees who file reports or provide evidence which they know to be false or without a reasonable belief in the truth and accuracy of such information may be subject to disciplinary action, including termination of their employment.
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3. | Failure to Comply |
It is your responsibility at all times to comply with the law and behave in an ethical manner. Failure to obey laws and regulations violates this Code and may expose both you and the company to criminal or civil sanctions. Invesco will investigate reported violations of the Code and, if violations are found, may take disciplinary action, if appropriate, against the individuals involved up to and including termination. Invesco may also seek civil remedies from you and even refer criminal misconduct to law enforcement agencies, and may make reports, if appropriate, to regulatory authorities. Nothing in this Code restricts the company from taking any disciplinary action on any matters pertaining to the conduct of a Covered Person, whether or not expressly set forth in the Code.
4. | Annual Certification |
As Covered Persons, each of us is obligated to read and understand this Code of Conduct and our relevant business units policies and procedures. All Covered Persons are expected to abide by both the letter and spirit of the Code and will certify their adherence on an annual basis.
5. | Other Requirements |
This Code cannot anticipate every possible situation or cover every topic in detail. The company has established special policies to address specific subjects and will update this Code and those specific policies from time-to-time. Covered Persons are also expected to perform their work with honesty and integrity in any areas not specifically addressed by the Code. If you are unclear about a situation, please speak with your supervisor or an appropriate member of Compliance before taking action.
6. | Waivers of the Code |
In certain limited situations, Invesco may waive the application of a provision of the Code to employees or Executive Officers (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Executive Officers). For the purposes of the Code, the term waiver shall mean a material departure from a provision of the Code.
For all employees, including Executive Officers, any requests for waivers must be made to Compliance. For waiver requests not involving an Executive Officer, Compliance shall forward the request to the General Counsel of the business unit for consideration.
For waiver requests involving an Executive Officer, Compliance will forward the request to General Counsel to raise to the Invesco Board of Directors or a committee thereof for consideration. Only the Board of Directors or one of its committees may approve a waiver for an Executive Officer. Any such waiver granted to an Executive Officer shall be promptly disclosed to shareholders within four (4) business days as required by SEC rules and the corporate governance listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange and other applicable laws.
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Criteria for a Waiver:
Any employee or Executive Officer requesting a waiver of the Code must demonstrate that such a waiver:
| is necessary to alleviate undue hardship or in view of unforeseen circumstances or is otherwise appropriate under all the relevant facts and circumstances; |
| will not be inconsistent with the purposes and objectives of the Code; |
| will not adversely affect the interests of clients of the company or the interests of the company; and |
| will not result in a transaction or conduct that would violate provisions of applicable laws or regulations. |
7. | Use and Disclosure |
This Code is intended solely for the internal use by the company and does not constitute an admission, by or on behalf of the company, as to any fact, circumstance, or legal conclusion. To the extent required by law, the company shall publicly ( e.g. , in its Annual Report on Form 10-K and/or on its website) disclose this Code of Conduct and its application to all of the companys Covered Persons.
8. | Amendments |
This Code may only be amended by Invescos Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof. To the extent required by law, amendments to the Code of Conduct shall be disclosed publicly. As set forth in the companys filings with the SEC, the company has elected to disclose certain amendments to the Code that affect, and any waivers of the Code granted to, Financial Officers on the companys Web site.
Revised: October 2016
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Invesco Hong Kong Limited
CODE OF ETHICS
January 1, 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section |
Item |
Page | ||||
I. | Introduction | 3 | ||||
II. | Statement of Fiduciary Principles | 3 | ||||
III. | Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations | 4 | ||||
IV. | Limits on Personal Investing | 4 | ||||
A. Personal Investing |
4 | |||||
1 Pre-clearance of Personal Securities Transactions |
4 | |||||
2 Blackout Period |
6 | |||||
De Minimis Exemptions |
6 | |||||
3 Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits |
7 | |||||
4 Initial Public Offerings |
8 | |||||
5 Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel |
8 | |||||
6 Prohibition on Investment Clubs |
8 | |||||
7 Restricted List Securities |
8 | |||||
8 Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance |
8 | |||||
9 Covered Accounts Requirements |
8 | |||||
10 Private Securities Transactions |
9 | |||||
11 Limited Investment Opportunity |
9 | |||||
12 Excessive Short-Term Trading in Funds |
9 | |||||
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities |
9 | |||||
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities |
10 | |||||
1 Outside Business Activities |
10 | |||||
2 Gifts and Entertainment Policy |
11 | |||||
Gifts |
11 | |||||
Entertainment |
11 | |||||
D. Parallel Investing Permitted |
12 | |||||
V. | Reporting Requirements | 12 | ||||
a. Initial Holdings Reports |
12 | |||||
b. Quarterly Transaction Reports |
12 | |||||
c. Annual Holdings Reports |
13 | |||||
d. Gifts and Entertainment Reporting |
14 | |||||
e. Certification of Compliance |
14 | |||||
VI. | Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues | 14 | ||||
VII. | Administration of the Code of Ethics | 15 | ||||
VIII. |
Sanctions |
15 | ||||
IX. |
Exceptions to the Code |
15 | ||||
X. |
Definitions |
15 | ||||
XI. |
Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures |
18 | ||||
XII. |
Code of Ethics Contact |
18 |
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Invesco Hong Kong Limited
CODE OF ETHICS
I. Introduction
Invesco Hong Kong Limited (IHKL) has a fiduciary relationship with respect to each portfolio under management. The interests of Clients and of the shareholders of investment company take precedence over the personal interests of IHKLs Covered Persons (defined below). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined are defined at the end of this document.
This Code of Ethics (the Code) applies to IHKLs affiliated broker-dealers, all Invesco Affiliated Mutual Funds and all of their Covered Persons. Covered Persons include:
| any director, officer, full or part time, temporary or permanent Employee of IHKL or |
| any full or part time Employee of any of IHKLs affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommedations, or obtains information concerning investment recommendations with respect to such purchase or sales of Covered Securities; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations, or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by IHKL. |
| any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act) or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be deemed to be Covered Persons by Compliance. |
| any other persons that may be so deemed by the Head of Compliance, Greater China. |
II. Statement of Fiduciary Principles
The following fiduciary principles govern Covered Persons.
| the interests of Clients and shareholders of the investment company must be placed first at all times and Covered Persons must not take inappropriate advantage of his or her positions; and |
| all personal securities transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in a manner to avoid any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility; and |
| this Code is our effort to address conflicts of interest that may arise in the ordinary course of our business and does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. This Code does not necessarily shield Covered Persons from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to Clients and shareholders of the investment company. |
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III. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations
All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable securities laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of laws or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to IHKLs Head of Compliance, Greater China or his/her designee. Additional methods of reporting potential violations or compliance issues are described in Section VI of this Code under Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues.
IV. Limits on Personal Investing
A. Personal Investing
1. Pre-clearance of Personal Security Transactions . All Covered Persons must pre-clear with Compliance using the automated review system, all personal security transactions involving Covered Securities in which they have a Beneficial Interest unless otherwise indicated below. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval. Good-until-cancelled orders are not allowed.
Additionally, all Covered Persons must pre-clear personal securities transactions involving securities over which they have discretion. For example, if a Covered Person is directing the transactions for a friend or family member (regardless of whether they share the same household) all transactions in Covered Securities must be pre-cleared.
Covered Securities include but are not limited to all investments that can be traded by IHKL for its Clients, including, but not limited to, stocks, bonds, municipal bonds, Affiliated Mutual Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), closed-end mutual funds, and any of their derivatives such as options and futures. All Affiliated Mutual Funds (including both open-end and closed-end funds) and Invesco PowerShares ETFs are considered Covered Securities.
All transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities must be pre-cleared. Please refer to section IV.B for additional guidelines on Invesco Ltd. securities. Any transaction in a previous employers company stock that is obtained through an employee benefit plan or company stock fund held in an external retirement plan requires pre-clearance.
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The Following Pre-clearance Exemptions Apply:
Invesco Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds:
Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds do not need to be pre-cleared through the automated review system. Except those held under Local Pension Schemes, all affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds are subject to the reporting requirements outlined in section V below.
Exchange Traded Products :
Employees are exempt from pre-clearing unaffiliated broad-based Exchange Traded Products such as Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) and Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs) as described on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List , and any derivatives of these securities such as options. All Invesco PowerShares ETFs and ETFs not listed on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List must be pre-cleared .
Currencies, Commodities :
Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in currencies and commodities.
Options, futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities :
Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in derivatives of an index of securities, currencies and commodities.
All Covered Securities are still subject to requirements and limits on personal investing as described in Section IV. and V. of the Code, irrespective of whether pre-clearance is required.
Exempted Securities:
Covered Securities do not include shares of money market funds, local and U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit, or interests in open-ended collective investment schemes (including mutual funds and/or unit trusts) not advised or sub-advised by any entity within the Invesco group. (Please refer to the Definitions section of this Code for more information on the term, Covered Security.)
If you are unclear about whether a proposed transaction involves a Covered Security, please contact Compliance prior to executing the transaction via email at: CodeofEthicsGreaterChina@invesco.com or by phone at 111-2633 from your Invesco office phone.
Compliance will consider the following factors, among others, in determining whether or not pre-clearance approval will be provided. Please note that you must obtain pre-clearance even if you believe your transactions request satisfies the criteria below. The
5
automated review system will review personal trade requests from Covered Persons based on the following considerations:
2. Blackout Period. IHKL does not permit Covered Persons to trade in a Covered Security if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account.
| Non-Investment Personnel. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
| Investment Personnel . |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
For practical purposes, an Employee without knowledge of investment activity of a Client account would not know of such activity in advance of a Client trade. Therefore, for those Employees, trading with pre-clearance approval granted prior to a Client transaction will not be considered a violation of this Code of Ethics. Compliance will review personal securities transactions to identify potential conflicts in which there is an appearance that such an Employee could have traded while he or she was aware of upcoming Client transactions. If a potential conflict exists, this would be considered a violation of the blackout period required by this Code of Ethics.
De Minimis Exemptions . Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Persons proposed personal securities transaction:
| Equity de minimis exemptions. |
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the Hang Seng Index, Straits Times Index STI (FSSTI), or Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) or any of the main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link: |
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-
NA/Training/Documents/De%20Minimis%20Indices%20List.pdf
6
| For any other security, if a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30 day period provided that there is no conflicting Client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day. |
| Fixed income de minimis exemption . If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she may execute up to HKD800,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period. |
The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the black-out period is the last three trading days. For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have potential access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction. The approval of a personal securities transaction request is only valid for that business day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction on the business day the approval is granted, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.
Any failure to pre-clear transactions is a violation of the Code and will be subject to the following potential sanctions:
| A Letter of Education will be provided to any Covered Person whose failure to pre-clear is considered immaterial or inadvertent. |
| Deliberate failures to pre-clear transactions, as well as repeat and/or material violations, may result in in-person training, probation, withdrawal of personal trading privileges or employment termination, depending on the nature and severity of the violations. |
3. Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits . Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in the purchase and sale, or short sale and cover of the same Covered Security within 60 calendar days at a profit. If a Covered Person trades a Covered Security within the 60 day time frame, any profit from the trade will be disgorged to a charity of IHKLs choice and a letter of education may be issued to the Covered Person. Transactions in currencies, commodities and derivatives (such as options and futures) based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities are exempt from the 60 day holding period. This exemption does not apply to derivatives of individual
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securities. Disgorgement amounts must represent the full amount of the profits received and are not adjusted to account for taxes or related fees.
4. Initial Public Offerings . Covered Persons are prohibited from directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Interest of any security in an equity Initial Public Offering. Exceptions will only be granted in unusual circumstances and must be recommended by Compliance and approved by the Head of Compliance, Greater China or Head of Legal, Greater China (or designee) and the Chief Investment Officer, Asia ex-Japan (or designee) of the Covered Persons business unit.
5. Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel . Investment Personnel are prohibited from effecting short sales of Covered Securities in his or her personal accounts if a Client of IHKL for whose account they have investment management responsibility has a long position in those Covered Securities.
6. Prohibition on Investment Clubs . Participation in a club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited.
7. Restricted List Securities. Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest.
8. Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance. In spite of adhering to the requirements specified throughout this section, Compliance, in keeping with the general principles and objectives of the Code, may refuse to grant pre-clearance of a Personal Securities Transaction in its sole discretion without being required to specify any reason for the refusal.
9. Covered Accounts Requirements .
a. Covered Persons may only maintain brokerage accounts with:
| full service broker-dealers. |
b. Requirement to move accounts that do not meet Compliance requirement: Every person who becomes a Covered Person under this Code must move all of his or her brokerage accounts that do not comply with the above provision of the Code within thirty (30) calendar days from the date the Covered Person becomes subject to this Code.
c. Discretionary Managed Accounts. In order to establish a Discretionary Managed Account, a Covered Person must grant the manager complete investment discretion over a Covered Persons account. Pre-clearance is not required for trades in this account; however, a Covered Person may not participate, directly or indirectly, in individual investment decisions or be aware of such decisions before transactions are executed. This restriction does not preclude a Covered Person from establishing investment guidelines for the manager, such as indicating industries in
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which a Covered Person desires to invest, the types of securities a Covered Person wants to purchase or a Covered Persons overall investment objectives. However, those guidelines may not be changed so frequently as to give the appearance that a Covered Person is actually directing account investments. Covered Persons must receive approval from Compliance to establish and maintain such an account and must provide written evidence that complete investment discretion over the account has been turned over to a professional money manager or other third party. Covered Persons are not required to pre-clear or list transactions for such managed accounts in the automated review system; however, Covered Persons with these types of accounts must provide an annual certification that they do not exercise direct or indirect control over the managed accounts.
10. Private Securities Transactions . Covered Persons may not engage in a Private Securities Transaction without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and indicating whether or not they will receive compensation and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Investment Personnel who have been approved to acquire securities of an issuer in a Private Securities Transaction must disclose that investment to Compliance and the Chief Investment Officer, Asia ex-Japan when they are involved in a Clients subsequent consideration of an investment in the same issuer. The Investment Personnels decision to purchase such securities on behalf of Client account must be independently reviewed by Regional Head of Investments, Asia Pacific or Chief Investment Officer, Asia ex-Japan with no personal interest in that issuer.
11. Limited Investment Opportunity (e.g. private placements, hedge funds, etc.) . Covered Persons may not engage in a limited investment opportunity without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Limited investment opportunities offered directly from Invesco to employees are not subject to pre-clearance requirement. All limited investment opportunities are subject to the reporting requirements outlined in section V below.
12. Excessive Short-Term Trading in Funds . Employees are prohibited from excessive short term trading of any collective investment schemes (including mutual funds and/or unit trusts) advised or sub-advised by any entity within the Invesco Group and are subject to various limitations outlined in the respective prospectus and other fund disclosure documents.
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities
1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.
2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltds securities, on an exchange or any other organized market.
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3. For all Covered Persons, transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to black-out periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.
4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section IVA.8 of this Code.
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities
1. Outside Business Activities . You may not (i) engage in any outside business activity, regardless of whether or not you receive compensation, or (ii) serve as directors, officers, or employees of unaffiliated public or private companies, whether for profit or non-profit, without the approval from (a) manager of the employee (b) Head of Human Resources, Greater China or his/her deputy and (c) Head of Compliance, Greater China or his/her deputy. In granting the approval, a number of factors shall be taken into consideration, including whether the employees involvement in the outside business activities will result in any actual or potential conflict of interest:
| the business natures (e.g. scope of services and clientele) of the outside organization(s) |
| the employees roles and duties in the outside organization(s) |
| the employees time allocation in the outside business activities and whether he/she can properly manage his/her time in carrying out both (and, where applicable, supervising) the function of Invesco and the outside business activity(ies) |
| any confidentiality concerns arising from ones possible access to non-public or sensitive information in light of his/her roles and duties in the outside organization(s); |
| whether Invesco has a business relationship with the outside organization(s) or may seek a relationship in the future. In general, the Covered Person must not be involved in any way in the business relationship between Invesco and the outside organization |
| Other factors that may result in actual or potential conflict of interest to the employees role and duties in Invesco |
(note: The is not an exhaustive list. Each activity is reviewed individually on a case-by-case basis with consideration to specific roles and companies/organizations)
If the outside business activity is approved, the Employee must recuse himself or herself from making Client investment decisions concerning the particular company or issuer as appropriate, provided that this recusal requirement shall not apply with respect to certain IHKLs Employees, who may serve on corporate boards as a result of, or in connection
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with, Client investments made in those companies. Employees must always comply with all applicable Invesco Ltd. policies and procedures, including those prohibiting the use of material non-public information in Client or employee personal securities transactions.
2. Gift and Entertainment . Employees may not give or accept Gifts or Entertainment that may be considered excessive either in dollar value or frequency to avoid the appearance of any potential conflict of interest. The Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy includes specific conditions under which Employees may accept or give Gifts or Entertainment. Where there are conflicts between a minimal standard established by a policy of Invesco Ltd. and the standards established by a policy of IHKL, including this Code, the latter shall control.
Under no circumstances may an Employee give or accept cash or any possible cash equivalent from a broker or vendor.
An Employee may not provide or receive any Gift or Entertainment that is conditioned upon IHKL, its parents or affiliates doing business with the other entity or person involved.
| Gifts . Under no circumstances, should the value of Gift given or received exceed HKD1,600 per individual annually . In other words, each individual Employee may (a) give Gifts up to HKD1,600 in value to each individual Business Associate in a calendar year and (b) receive Gifts up to HKD1,600 in value from a Business Associate in a calendar year. If the value of the Gift received is not able to be determined, professional judgment should be used to determine the value of the Gift. Should the value exceed HKD1,600, it should be returned to the donor, and passed to the Human Resources or donates to the charity. Prior approval from Compliance is not necessary. However, post approval from Compliance is required. If the Gift is not giving to any particular person, the Gift shall be passed to Human Resources Department and distributed to the staff on a raffle basis. The Gift limit is applied to each individual office. |
| Entertainment . Provided that the Employee and Business Associate both attend an event, an Employee may accept from a single Business Partner, or provide to a single person of a Business Partner for Entertainment of value up to HKD9,300 in a calendar year . Under no circumstances, the value of the entertainment should exceed HKD3,100 per individual per event . Prior approval from Compliance is not necessary. However, post approval from Compliance is required. |
Employees may not reimburse Business Partners for the cost of tickets that would be considered excessive or for travel related expenses without approval of Compliance.
Examples of Entertainment that may be considered excessive in value include Super Bowls, the Masters, Wimbledon, Kentucky Derby, hunting trips, ski trips,
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etc. An occasional sporting event, golf outing or concert when accompanied by the Business Partner may not be excessive.
Approval from Compliance is required before Gifts and Entertainment expenses will be reimbursed by Finance. Review will be performed on a regular basis to test reimbursements for Compliance approval.
Employees who are unsure if an event would be permissible should contact compliance prior to attending to confirm if the event would be considered excessive.
D. Parallel Investing Permitted
Subject to the provisions of this Code, Employees may invest in or own the same securities as those acquired or sold by IHKL for its Clients.
V. Reporting Requirements
a. Initial Holdings Reports . Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by inputting into the automated pre-clearance system, Star Compliance, the following information (the information must be current within 45 calendar days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person):
| A list of all security holdings, including the name, number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the Covered Person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to have Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of their immediate family sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements; |
| The security identifier (ISIN, SEDOL, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the person; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance |
b. Quarterly Transaction Reports . All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest:
|
The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if |
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applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security; |
| The security identifier (ISIN, SEDOL, symbol, etc.); |
| The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.); |
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions made through an limited investment opportunity, Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan, any Local Pension Schemes or accounts held directly with Invesco in the quarterly transaction report.
Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person. The report shall include:
| The date the account was established; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.
c. Annual Holdings Reports . All Covered Persons must, no later than 30 calendar days after the end of calendar year subject to any extension to be granted by Head of Compliance, Greater China having regard to the relevant circumstantial factors, report the following information, which must be current within 45 calendar days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance:
| The security and the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest; |
| The security identifier (ISIN, SEDOL, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held; and |
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| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
d. Gifts and Entertainment Reporting.
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given to an Invesco Employee by a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment received by an Employee must be reported through the automated review system within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the Gift or the attendance of the Entertainment event. The requirement to report Entertainment includes dinners or any other event with a business partner of IHKL in attendance. |
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given by an Invesco Employee to a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment given by an Employee must be reported through the automated review system within thirty (30) calendar days after the day of event. An Employee should contact their manager or Compliance if they are not sure how to report gifts or entertainment they intend to give or have given to a Client or Business Partner. |
e. Certification of Compliance. All Covered Persons must certify annually that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. In addition, all Covered Persons must certify annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. The IHKL Greater China Management Committee (GCMAC) will review and approve the Code annually. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved by the GCMAC. All Covered Persons must certify within 30 calendar days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code.
VI. Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues
IHKL has created several channels for Employees to raise compliance issues and concerns on a confidential basis. An Employee should first discuss a compliance issue with his or her supervisor, department head or with IHKLs Head of Legal, Greater China, Head of Compliance, Greater China or Internal Audit. Human Resources matters should be directed to the Human Resources Department, an additional anonymous vehicle for reporting such concerns.
In the event that an Employee does not feel comfortable discussing compliance issues through normal channels, the Employee may anonymously report suspected violations of law or Invesco policy, including this Code, by calling the toll-free Invesco Whistleblower Hotline. This hotline is available to employees of multiple operating units of Invesco Ltd. Use the following link to identify a toll-free number for your country:
International Toll-Free Numbers
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Employees may also report his or her concerns by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at: www.invesco.ethicspoint.com . To ensure your confidentiality, the phone line and website are provided by an independent company and available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
All submissions to the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline will be reviewed and handled in a prompt, fair and discreet manner. Employees are encouraged to report these questionable practices so that Invesco has an opportunity to address and resolve these issues before they become more significant regulatory or legal issues.
VII. Administration of the Code of Ethics
IHKL has used reasonable diligence to institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent violations of this Code.
Upon discovering a material violation of the Code, Compliance will notify the Head of Compliance, Greater China. The Head of Compliance, Greater China will notify the GCMAC of any material violations at the next regularly scheduled meeting.
No less frequently than annually, IHKL will furnish to the GCMAC or such committee as it may designate, a written report that:
| describes significant issues arising under the Code since the last report to the GCMAC, including information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations; and |
| certifies that IHKL has adopted procedures reasonably designed to prevent Covered Persons from violating the Code. |
VIII. Sanctions
Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial.
IHKL may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the Personal Security Transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.
IX. Exceptions to the Code
Head of Compliance, Greater China (or designee) may grant an exception to any provision in this Code.
X. Definitions
| Affiliated Mutual Funds generally includes all collective investment schemes (including mutual funds and/or unit trusts) advised or sub-advised by IHKL or IHKLs affiliates. |
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| Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan means a program in which regular purchases or sales are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, including dividend reinvestment plans. |
| Beneficial Interest has the same meaning as the ownership interest of a beneficial owner pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 34 Act). To have a Beneficial Interest, Covered Persons must have directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest, which is the opportunity to profit directly or indirectly from a transaction in securities. Thus a Covered Person is presumed to have Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e. a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
| Client means any account for which IHKL is either the adviser or sub-adviser including Affiliated Mutual Funds. |
| Control means, in general, the power to exercise a controlling influence, and has the same meaning as under Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act. |
| Covered Person means and includes: |
| any director, officer, full or part time, temporary or permanent Employee of IHKL or any full or part time Employee of any of IHKLs affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommendations or obtains information concerning investment recommendations, with respect to such purchase or sale of Covered Securities ; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by IHKL. |
| any other persons falling within the definition of Access Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 , as amended (the Investment Company Act)or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be so deemed by Compliance. |
| any other persons that may be so deemed by the Head of Compliance, Greater China. |
| Covered Security means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act except that it does not include the following. |
| Direct obligations of the Government of the United States or its agencies or the country in which the employee is a resident; |
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| Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
| Any interests in open-ended collective investment schemes (including mutual fund and/or unit trusts) not advised or sub-advised by any entity within the Invesco Group (All Affiliated Mutual Funds shall be considered Covered Securities regardless of whether they are advised or sub-advised by IHKL). |
| Invesco Ltd. stock because it is subject to the provisions of Invesco Ltd.s Code of Conduct. Notwithstanding this exception, transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to all the pre-clearance and reporting requirements outlined in other provisions of this Code and any other corporate guidelines issued by Invesco Ltd. |
| Employee means and includes: |
| Any full or part time, temporary or permanent Employee of IHKL or |
| Any full or part time Employee of any IHKLs affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securties or who is involved in making or obtains information concerning investment recommendations with respect to such purchase or sales of Covered Securities; or who has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by IHKL. |
| Any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act or Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and such other persons that may be deemed to be an Employee by Compliance. |
| For any other persons that may be so deemed by the Head of Compliance, Greater China. |
| Gifts, Entertainment and Business Partner have the same meaning as provided in the Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy. |
| Initial Public Offering means a public offering where shares of stock in a company are sold to the general public, on a securities exchange, for the first time. |
| Investment Personnel means any full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by Clients or any natural person who Controls a Client or an investment adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client as defined in Rule 17j-1. |
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| Local Pension Schemes means any local mandatory provident fund schemes, registered or exempted occupational retirement schemes or statutory pension schemes (excluding any voluntary contributions to be made in addition to mandatory contributions). |
| Non-Investment Personnel means any Employee that does not meet the definition of Investment Personnel as listed above. |
| Private Securities Transaction means any securities transaction relating to offerings of securities which are not publicly traded. Employees may not purchase or acquire any privately-issued securities, other than in exceptional cases where such investment is part of a family-owned and operated business venture that would not be expected to involve an investment opportunity of interest to any Invesco client. |
| Restricted List Securities means the list of securities that are provided to the Compliance Department by Invesco Ltd. or investment departments, which include those securities that are restricted from purchase or sale by Client or Employee accounts for various reasons (e.g., large concentrated ownership positions that may trigger reporting or other securities regulatory issues, or possession of material, non-public information, or existence of corporate transaction in the issuer involving an Invesco Ltd. unit). |
XI. Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures
All Employees are subject to the policies and procedures established by Invesco Ltd., including the Code of Conduct, Insider Trading Policy and Gifts and Entertainment Policy and must abide by all their requirements, provided that where there is a conflict between a minimal standard established by an Invesco Ltd. policy and the standards established by an IHKL policy, including this Code, the latter shall control.
XII. Code of Ethics Contacts
| Telephone Hotline: 111-2633 from your Invesco office phone |
| E-Mail: CodeofEthicsGreaterChina@invesco.com |
Last Revised: January 1, 2017
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Invesco Ltd. Code of Conduct
A. | Introduction |
Invescos Code of Conduct supports our Purpose of delivering an investment experience that helps people get more out of life. This Code of Conduct (Code of Conduct or Code) has been created to assist us in accomplishing our Purpose. It contains a number of policies and standards which, when taken together, are designed to help define the essence of the conduct of an Invesco representative. These policies and standards are also intended to provide guidance to Invesco personnel in fulfilling their obligations to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations (applicable laws). This Code of Conduct applies to all officers and other employees of Invesco and its subsidiaries (collectively, Covered Persons).
Being a purpose-driven firm strengthens Invescos culture. In practice, this means that our clients interests must always come first, that Covered Persons should treat each other with respect and consideration, and that Invesco should participate as a responsible corporate citizen in every community in which it operates. This commitment is a vital part of our achieving our principal responsibility as a publicly-held company: producing a fair return on our shareholders capital.
This Code of Conduct contains broad and general principles that supplement the specific policies, procedures and training within each business unit of Invesco.
B. | Statement of General Principles |
Invesco operates in a highly-regulated and complex environment. There are numerous layers of overlapping, and occasionally conflicting, laws, customs and local practices. This Code of Conduct was designed to provide all of us who are part of Invesco with a clear statement of our firms ethical and cultural standards.
Generally, we serve our clients as fiduciaries. Fiduciary businesses are generally held to a higher standard of conduct than other businesses, and as such there are special obligations that apply. The following key duties and principles govern our conduct as fiduciaries:
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| Best interests of clients - As fiduciaries, we have a duty to act with reasonable care, skill and caution in the best interests of our clients, and to avoid conflicts of interest. |
| Global fiduciary standards - Invesco seeks to maintain the same high fiduciary standards throughout the world, even though those standards may not be legally required, or even recognized, in some countries. |
| Client confidentiality - We must maintain the confidentiality of information relating to the client, and comply with the data protection requirements imposed by many jurisdictions. |
| Information - Clients must be provided with timely and accurate information regarding their accounts. |
| Segregation and protection of assets - Processes must be established for the proper maintenance, control and protection of client assets. Fiduciary assets must be segregated from Invesco assets and property. |
| Delegation of duties - Fiduciary duties should be delegated only when the client consents and where permitted by applicable law. Reasonable care, skill and caution must be exercised in the selection of agents and review of their performance. |
| Client guidelines - Invesco is responsible for making investment decisions on behalf of clients that are consistent with the prospectus, contract, or other controlling document relating to the clients account. |
| Relations with regulators - We seek relationships with regulators that are open and responsive in nature. |
C. | General Conduct |
1. | Fair and Honest Dealing |
Covered Persons shall deal fairly and honestly with Invescos shareholders, customers, suppliers, competitors and employees. Covered Persons shall behave in an ethical manner and shall not take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other unfair dealing practice.
2. | Anti-Discrimination and Harassment |
Invesco is committed to providing a work environment that is free of discrimination and harassment. Such conduct, whether overt or subtle, is demeaning, may be illegal, and undermines the integrity of the employment relationship.
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Sexual harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, pressure to engage in a sexual relationship as a condition of employment or promotion, or conduct which creates a hostile or offensive work environment.
Discrimination can take many forms including actions, words, jokes, or comments based upon an individuals race, citizenship, ethnicity, color, religion, sex, veteran status, national origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status or other legally protected characteristic. Any Covered Person who engages in harassment or discrimination will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
3. | Electronic Communications |
The use of electronic mail, the Internet and other technology assets is an important part of our work at Invesco. Used improperly, this technology presents legal and business risks for the company and for individual employees. There are also important privacy issues associated with the use of technology, and related regulations are evolving.
In accordance with Invescos IT Systems: Acceptable Use policies, all Covered Persons are required to use information technology for proper business purposes and in a manner that does not compromise the confidentiality of sensitive or proprietary information. All communications with the public, clients, prospects and fellow employees must be conducted with dignity, integrity, and competence and in an ethical and professional manner.
We must not use information technology to: transmit or store materials which are obscene, pornographic, or otherwise offensive; engage in criminal activity; obtain unauthorized access to data or files; commit copyright violations; install personal software without permission; or make Internet statements, without permission, that suggest that the user is speaking on behalf of Invesco or its affiliates.
4. | Substance Abuse |
Invesco is committed to providing a safe and healthy work place for all employees. The use, possession, sale, transfer, purchase, or being under the influence of drugs at any time while on company premises or on company business is prohibited. The term drug includes alcoholic beverages (other than in connection with entertainment events, or in other appropriate settings), prescriptions not authorized by your doctor, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, heroin and other illegal substances.
5. | Political Activities and Lobbying |
Covered Persons, as private citizens, are encouraged to exercise their rights and duties in any political or civic process. For example, voting in elections for which they are eligible, or making contributions supporting candidates or parties of their choice.
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Invesco does not make political contributions with corporate funds. No Covered Person may, under any circumstances, use company funds to make political contributions, nor may you represent your personal political views as being those of the company. In the United States, Invesco does support a Political Action Committee.
D. | Conflicts of Interest |
Invesco and its Covered Persons must adhere to the highest standards of honest and ethical conduct. A conflict of interest exists when a Covered Person acts in a manner that is not in the best interests of Invesco, our clients, or our shareholders. Often, this is because the Covered Person or someone with whom they have a close personal relationship (e.g. a relative or friend) will benefit personally.
All Covered Persons must act in a manner that is in the best interests of Invesco, our clients, and our shareholders and must avoid any situation that gives rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest. At no time may a Covered Person use Invesco property, information, or their position to profit personally or to assist others in profiting at the expense of the company, to compete with Invesco, or to take advantage of opportunities that are discovered in the course of serving Invesco.
All Covered Persons shall promptly communicate to the applicable member of Compliance any material transaction, relationship, or situation that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest so that the company and the Covered Person may take steps to minimize the conflict.
While not all-inclusive, the following sections describe in more detail key areas where real or perceived conflicts of interest can arise.
1. | Outside Activities and Compensation |
No Covered Person shall perform work or render services for any competitor of Invesco or for any organization with which Invesco does business, or which seeks to do business with Invesco, outside of the normal course of his or her employment with Invesco, without the prior written approval of the company. Nor shall any such person be a director, officer, or consultant of such an organization, or permit his or her name to be used in any fashion that would tend to indicate a business connection with such organization, without such approval. Outside organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations and other not-for-profit institutions. With the above approval, Covered Persons may receive compensation for such activities.
Service with organizations outside of Invesco can; however, raise serious regulatory issues, including conflicts of interest and access to material non-public information.
As an outside board member or officer, a Covered Person may come into possession of material non-public information about the outside company or other public companies. It is critical that a proper information barrier be in place between Invesco and the
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outside organization, and that the Covered Person does not communicate such information to other Covered Persons in violation of the information barrier.
Similarly, Invesco may have a business relationship with the outside organization or may seek a relationship in the future. In those circumstances, the Covered Person must not be involved in any way in the business relationship between Invesco and the outside organization.
Invesco retains the right to prohibit membership by Covered Persons on any board of directors/trustees or as an officer of an outside organization where such membership might conflict with the best interests of the company. Approval will be granted on a case-by-case basis, subject to proper resolution of potential conflicts of interest. Outside activities will be approved only if these issues can be satisfactorily resolved.
2. | Personal Trading |
Purchasing and selling securities in a Covered Persons own account, or accounts over which the Covered Person has access or control, particularly in securities owned by client accounts, can give rise to potential conflicts of interest. As fiduciaries, we are held to the highest standards of conduct. Improperly gaining advance knowledge of portfolio transactions, or conducting securities transactions based upon information obtained at Invesco, can be a violation of those standards.
Every Covered Person must also comply with the specific personal trading rules in effect for the Covered Persons business unit.
3. | Information Barriers, Material Non-Public Information, and Inside Information |
In the conduct of our business, Covered Persons may come into possession of material non-public information or inside information. This information could concern an issuer, a client, a portfolio, the market for a particular security, or Invesco itself. The Board of Directors of the company has adopted an Insider Trading Policy (Insider Trading Policy) which applies to all Covered Persons. The Insider Trading Policy prohibits all Covered Persons from using such information in ways that violate the law, including for personal gain. Non-public information must be kept confidential, which may include keeping it confidential from other Covered Persons. The purchase or sale of Invescos securities or the securities of other publicly-traded companies while aware of material nonpublic information about such company, or the disclosure of material nonpublic information to others who then trade in such companys securities, is prohibited by this Code of Conduct and applicable securities laws.
With regard to Invesco securities, the Insider Trading Policy, among other provisions, prohibits directors, officers, and other Covered Persons who are deemed to have access to material, non-public information relating to the company from trading during specified Blackout Periods (as defined therein). All Covered Persons should review the Invesco Insider Trading Policy and any applicable local procedures carefully and follow the policies and procedures described therein. The failure of a Covered Person to comply with the companys Insider Trading Policy and any applicable local procedures
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may subject him or her to company-imposed sanctions, up to and including termination for cause, whether or not the failure to comply results in a violation of law. Please contact an appropriate member of Compliance on any questions regarding this subject and the companys Insider Trading Policy or any applicable local procedures.
4. | Gifts and Relationships with Customers and Suppliers |
Invesco seeks to do business with clients and suppliers on a fair and equitable basis. We may not accept or provide gifts of other than nominal value, or lavish entertainment, or other valuable benefits or special favors to or from customers or suppliers. We must observe any limits imposed by our business units policies, local laws, or regulations with respect to the acceptance or provision of gifts and entertainment.
E. | Compliance with Applicable Laws |
Invesco strives to ensure that all activity by or on behalf of Invesco is in compliance with applicable laws. As Invesco operates in major countries and securities markets throughout the world, we have a duty to comply with applicable laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. While not exhaustive, this section describes several areas where such legislation may exist.
1. | Anti-Bribery and Dealings with Governmental Officials |
Invesco does not tolerate bribery. We, and those working on Invescos behalf, must not offer, request, receive, give, accept or agree to accept bribes to or from anyone whether in the private or public sector with the intent to induce or reward improper performance of duties.
Many of the countries in which Invesco conducts its business prohibit the improper influencing of governmental officials or other business persons by the payment, giving or offering of bribes, gifts, political contributions, lavish hospitality or by other means. Our policy requires adherence to those restrictions.
Do not directly or indirectly promise, offer or make payment in money or give an advantage or anything of value to anyone including a government official, agent or employee of a government, political party, labor organization, charity, a business entity or its representatives, a candidate of a political party or their families, with the intent to induce favorable business treatment or improper performance of their business or government decisions and actions.
This policy prohibits actions intended to, for example, improperly:
| influence a specific decision or action or |
| enhance future relationships or |
| maintain existing relationships |
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We must not request, accept or agree to accept payments or other advantages that are intended to improperly influence our decisions or actions or additionally, agree to any business relationships that are conditional on such advantages being given or received.
In general, all travel and entertainment that Covered Persons provide to existing or perspective business partners and governmental officials must be pre-approved within the appropriate business unit. If approved, and in the case of situations involving government officials, a written confirmation that such expenses do not violate local law must be obtained from an appropriate third party (e.g., the business units legal counsel or the government officials supervisor).
Covered Persons shall comply with applicable laws governing political campaign finance and lobbying activities and shall not engage in any conduct that is intended to avoid the application of such laws to activities undertaken on Invescos behalf. In addition, appropriate executive officers shall monitor compliance with lobbyist registration and disclosure requirements by all individuals who act on behalf of Invesco.
These prohibitions in this section extend to any consultants or agents we may retain on behalf of Invesco.
Further information can be found in the Invesco Anti-Bribery Policy. Guidance regarding genuine and allowable gifts and entertainment is set out in the Invesco Ltd Gifts and Entertainment Policy.
2. | Anti-Money Laundering |
In the global marketplace, the attempted use of financial institutions and instruments to launder money is a significant problem that has resulted in the passage of strict laws in many countries. Money laundering is the attempt to disguise money derived from or intended to finance illegal activity including drug trafficking, terrorism, organized crime, fraud, and many other crimes. Money launderers go to great lengths to hide the sources of their funds. Among the most common stratagems are placing cash in legitimate financial institutions, layering between numerous financial institutions, and integrating the laundered proceeds back into the economy as apparently legitimate funds.
All Covered Persons must be vigilant in the fight against money laundering, and must not allow Invesco to be used for money laundering. Each business unit has developed an anti-money laundering program that is consistent with Invescos policy. Each Covered Person must comply with the applicable program.
3. | Antitrust |
The laws of many countries are designed to protect consumers from illegal competitive actions such as price fixing and dividing markets. It is Invescos policy and practice to compete based on the merits of our products and services. In order to further that policy, Covered Persons must not fix or control prices with competitors, divide up
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territories or markets, limit the production or sale of products, boycott certain suppliers or customers, unfairly control or restrict trade in any way, restrict a competitors marketing practices, or disparage a competitor. Covered Persons must never discuss products, pricing or markets with competitors with the intent to fix prices or divide markets.
4. | International Issues |
If you conduct business for Invesco outside of the U.S., in addition to being familiar with the local laws of the other countries involved, be sure you are familiar with the following U.S. laws and regulations. Violations of these laws can result in substantial fines, imprisonment and severe restrictions on the companys ability to do business.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar laws in many other countries have a variety of provisions that regulate business in other countries and with foreign citizens. In essence, these laws make it a crime to promise or give anything of value to a foreign official or political party in order to obtain or keep business or obtain any improper advantage. It is also illegal to make payments to agents, sales representatives or other third parties if you have reason to believe your gift will be used illegally. Seek advice from the appropriate member of Compliance for interpretation of the FCPA or similar laws if you are involved in any business dealings that involve foreign countries.
Anti-Boycott Laws
From time to time, various countries may impose restrictions upon the ability of businesses in their jurisdiction to engage in commerce with designated individuals, countries or companies. These laws are commonly referred to as boycotts or trade embargoes. It may be against the law to cooperate in any boycotts between foreign countries not sanctioned by the laws of the place where your office is located. All requests for boycott support or boycott-related information must be reported to your supervisor and the member of Compliance with responsibility for your office.
Similarly, many countries contribute the names of criminal or terrorist organizations or individuals to a common database and require financial institutions to screen customer lists against the database as part of their Know Your Customer obligations. We must be aware of, and where appropriate, adhere to any such restrictions.
Embargo Sanctions
The United States Treasury Departments Office of Foreign Assets Control prohibits U.S. companies and their foreign subsidiaries from doing business with certain countries and agencies and certain individuals. The laws of other countries may have similar types of prohibitions. The regulations vary depending on the country and the
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type of transaction and often change as countries foreign policies change. If you are aware of any sensitive political issues with a country in which Invesco is doing or considering doing business, seek advice from the appropriate member of Compliance.
F. | Information Management |
1. | Confidential Information |
Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to the company or its customers, if disclosed. All information (in any form, including electronic information) that is created or used in support of company business activities is the property of Invesco. This company information is a valuable asset and Covered Persons are expected to protect it from unauthorized disclosure. This includes Invesco customer, supplier, business partner, and employee data. United States (federal and state) and other jurisdictions laws may restrict the use of such information and impose penalties for impermissible use or disclosure.
Covered Persons must maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the company or its customers, vendors or consultants except when disclosure is properly authorized by the company or legally mandated. Covered Persons shall take all reasonable efforts to safeguard such confidential information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties.
Information pertaining to Invescos competitive position or business strategies, and information relating to negotiations with Covered Persons or third parties, should be protected and shared only with Covered Persons having a need to know such information in order to perform their job responsibilities.
2. | Data Privacy |
Data privacy, as it relates both to our clients and our employees, has become a major political and legal issue in many jurisdictions in which we do business. A variety of laws in each of those jurisdictions governs the collection, storage, dissemination, transfer, use, access to and confidentiality of personal information and patient health information. These laws can work to limit transfers of such data across borders and even among affiliated entities within Invesco. Invesco and its Covered Persons will comply with all provisions of these laws that relate to its business, including the privacy, security and electronic transmission of financial, health and other personal information. The company expects its Covered Persons to keep all such data confidential and to protect, use and disclose information in the conduct of our business only in compliance with these laws. The company will consider and may release personal information to third parties to comply with law or to protect the rights, property or safety of Invesco and its customers. In accordance with Invesco policies, each business unit has developed required disclosures and data security procedures applicable to that business unit. All Covered Persons must comply with the applicable procedures.
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With respect to Invesco Covered Persons, all salary, benefit, medical and other personal information relating to Covered Persons shall generally be treated as confidential. Personnel files, payroll information, disciplinary matters, and similar information are to be maintained in a manner designed to protect confidentiality in accordance with applicable laws. All Covered Persons shall exercise due care to prevent the release or sharing of such information beyond those persons who may need such information to fulfill their job functions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all personnel information belongs solely to Invesco and may be reviewed or used by the company as needed to conduct its business.
G. | Protecting Invescos Assets |
All Covered Persons shall strive to preserve and protect the companys assets and resources and to promote their efficient use. The standards set forth below are intended to guide Covered Persons by articulating Invescos expectations as they relate to activities or behaviors that may affect the companys assets.
1. | Personal Use of Corporate Assets |
Theft, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on Invescos profitability. Covered Persons are not to convert assets of the company to personal use. Company property should be used for the companys legitimate business purposes and the business of the company shall be conducted in a manner designed to further Invescos interest rather than the personal interest of an individual Covered Person. Covered Persons are prohibited from the unauthorized use or taking of Invescos equipment, supplies, materials or services. Prior to engaging in any activity on company time which will result in remuneration to the Covered Person or the use of Invescos equipment, supplies, materials or services for personal or non-work related purposes, officers and other Covered Persons shall obtain the approval of the supervisor of the appropriate business unit.
2. | Use of Company Software |
Covered Persons use software programs for word processing, spreadsheets, data management, and many other applications. Software products purchased by the company are covered by some form of licensing agreement that describes the terms, conditions and allowed uses. It is the companys policy to respect copyright laws and observe the terms and conditions of any license agreements. Copyright laws in the United States and other countries impose civil and criminal penalties for illegal reproductions and use of licensed software. You must be aware of the restrictions on the use of software and abide by those restrictions. Invesco business equipment may not be used to reproduce commercial software. In addition, you may not use personal software on company equipment without prior written approval.
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3. | Computer Resources/E-mail |
The companys computer resources, which include the electronic messaging systems (e-mail, SMS, etc.), belong to Invesco and not to the Covered Person. They are not intended to be used for amusement, solicitation, or other non-business purposes. While it is recognized that Covered Persons will occasionally use the system for personal communications, it is expected that such uses will be kept to a minimum and that Covered Persons will be responsible and professional in their use of these functions. The use of the computer systems to make or forward derogatory or offensive remarks about other people or groups is prohibited. E-mail/Text messages should be treated as any other written business communication.
4. | Invesco Intellectual Property |
Covered Persons must carefully maintain and manage the intellectual property rights of Invesco, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets, to preserve and protect their value. Information, ideas and intellectual property assets of Invesco are important to the companys success.
Invescos name, logo, trademarks, inventions, processes and innovations are intellectual property assets and their protection is vital to the success of the companys business. The companys and any of its subsidiaries names, logos and other trademarks and service marks are to be used only for authorized company business and never in connection with personal or other activities unless appropriately approved and in accordance with company policy. In addition, our Covered Persons must respect the intellectual property rights of third parties. Violation of these rights can subject both you and the company to substantial liability, including criminal penalties.
Any work product produced in the course of performing your job shall be deemed to be a work made for hire and shall belong to Invesco and is to be used only for the benefit of Invesco. This includes such items as marketing plans, product development plans, computer programs, software, hardware and similar materials. You must share any innovations or inventions you create with your supervisor so that the company can take steps to protect these valuable assets.
5. | Retention of Books and Records |
Invesco corporate records are important assets. Corporate records include essentially everything you produce as a Covered Person, regardless of its format. A corporate record may be in the form of paper, electronic data, e-mail, or voice mail. It may be something as obvious as a memorandum or a contract or something not as obvious, such as a desk calendar, an appointment book, or an expense record.
Invesco is required by law to maintain certain types of corporate records, usually for a specified period of time. Failure to retain such documents for such minimum periods could subject Invesco to penalties and fines, cause the loss of rights, obstruct justice, place Invesco in contempt of court, or place Invesco at a serious disadvantage in litigation. However, storage of voluminous records over time is costly. Therefore,
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Invesco has established controls to assure retention for required periods and timely destruction of retrievable records, such as paper copies and records on computers and electronic systems. Even if a document is retained for the legally required period, liability could still result if a document is destroyed before its scheduled destruction date.
Invesco and its affiliates are subject to the regulatory requirements of numerous countries and regulatory agencies. Virtually all of them have specific requirements concerning the creation, maintenance and storage of business records. Invesco expects all Covered Persons to become familiar with and fully comply with the records retention/destruction schedule for the departments and office locations for which they work. If you believe documents should be retained beyond the applicable retention period, consult with the Records Management Department.
6. | Sales and Marketing Materials |
Invesco is committed to building sustained, open, and honest relationships with our customers, and to complying with all relevant regulatory requirements. This requires that all marketing and sales-related materials be prepared under standards approved by Compliance and, prior to use, reviewed and approved by the appropriate supervisor within a business unit. Covered materials include but are not limited to, requests for proposals, client presentations, performance summaries, advertisements, published market commentaries, brochures and web site content.
H. | Disclosure of Invesco Information |
1. | Integrity and Accuracy of Financial Records |
The preparation and maintenance of accurate books, records and accounts is required by law and essential to the proper discharge of financial, legal and reporting obligations. All Covered Persons are prohibited from directly or indirectly falsifying or causing to be false or misleading any financial or accounting book, record or account. In addition, all financial data must be completely and accurately recorded in compliance with applicable law and Invescos accounting policies and procedures. A Covered Person may violate this section by acting or by failing to act when he or she becomes aware of a violation or potential violation of this section.
2. | Disclosure in Reports and Documents |
Filings and Public Materials . As a public company, it is important that the companys filings with the SEC and other U.S. federal, state, domestic and international regulatory agencies are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The company also makes many other filings with the SEC and other U.S. and international regulatory agencies on behalf of the funds that its subsidiaries and affiliates manage. Further, the company prepares mutual fund account statements, client investment performance information,
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prospectuses and advertising materials that are sent out to its mutual fund shareholders and clients.
Disclosure and Reporting Policy . The companys policy is to comply with all applicable disclosure, financial reporting and accounting regulations applicable to the company. The company maintains the highest commitment to its disclosure and reporting requirements, and expects and requires all Covered Persons to record information accurately and truthfully in the books and records of the company.
Information for Filings . Depending on his or her position with the company, a Covered Person may be called upon to provide necessary information to assure that the companys public reports and regulatory filings are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The company expects all Covered Persons to be diligent in providing accurate information to the inquiries that are made related to the companys public disclosure requirements.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . Covered Persons are required to cooperate and comply with the companys disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting so that the companys reports and documents filed with the SEC and other U.S. federal, state, domestic and international regulatory agencies comply in all material respects with applicable laws and provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure.
3. | Improper Influence on the Conduct of Audits |
Every Covered Person must deal fairly and honestly with outside accountants performing audits, reviews or examinations of Invescos and its subsidiaries financial statements. To that end, no Covered Person of Invesco may make or cause to be made a materially false or misleading statement (or omit facts necessary to make the statements made not misleading) in connection with an audit, review or examination of financial statements by independent accountants or the preparation of any document or report required to be filed with a governmental or regulatory authority. Covered Persons of Invesco also are prohibited from coercing, manipulating, misleading or fraudulently inducing any independent public or certified public accountant engaged in the performance or review of financial statements that are required to be filed with a governmental or regulatory authority if he or she knows or should have known that his or her actions could result in making those financial statements materially misleading.
4. | Standards for Invescos Financial Officers |
Invescos Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer (the Financial Officers) are required to take all reasonable steps to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosures in the reports and documents that Invesco files with or submits to the SEC and other regulatory bodies and in other public communications made by Invesco. In the event that a Financial Officer learns that any such report, document or communication does not meet this standard and such deviation is material, then the Financial Officers are required to review and investigate
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such deviation, advise the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors regarding the deviation and, where necessary, revise the relevant report, document or communication.
Although a particular accounting treatment for one or more of Invescos operations may be permitted under applicable accounting standards, the Financial Officers may not authorize or permit the use of such an accounting treatment if the effect is to distort or conceal Invescos true financial condition. The accounting standards and treatments utilized by Invesco must, in all instances, be determined on an objective and uniform basis and without reference to a single transaction or series of transactions and their impact on Invescos financial results for a particular time period. Any new or novel accounting treatment or standard that is to be utilized in the preparation of Invescos financial statements must be discussed with Invescos Audit Committee and its independent auditors.
5. | Communications with the Media |
Invesco has a long-standing policy of co-operating with the news media. This policy is intended to enhance the companys reputation, provide accurate information, and achieve our business goals.
Invesco employs media relations professionals who are responsible for managing our interaction with the news media. Invescos Corporate Communications Department is responsible for formulating and directing our media relations approach and policy worldwide. Other Invesco employees should not speak to or disseminate information to the news media unless such contact has been requested and arranged by or coordinated with an Invesco media relations professional in accordance with the companys media relations policy. Any contact from the news media should be referred promptly and without comment to an Invesco media relations professional. If you do not know the appropriate media relations professional for your unit, you can refer the contact to the Invesco Corporate Communications Department.
6. | Communications with Analysts and Shareholders |
Many countries have detailed rules with regard to the dissemination of information about public companies. In particular, a public company must have procedures for controlling the release of information that may have a material impact on its share price. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer are responsible for Invescos relationships with the financial community, including the release of price sensitive information. Other Invesco employees may not speak to or disseminate information regarding the company to the financial community (including analysts, investors, shareholders, Company lenders, and rating agencies) unless such contact has been requested and arranged by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or the Investor Relations Department.
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I. | Compliance with the Code of Conduct |
1. | Your Responsibilities |
One persons misconduct can damage our entire companys hard-earned reputation and compromise the publics trust in the company. Every Covered Person should therefore be familiar with this Code and abide strictly by its provisions.
2. | Reporting Violations of the Code |
As part of being accountable to each other and Invesco, all Covered Persons are required to report possible violations of the Invesco Code of Conduct, laws or regulations. Such violations can include, but are not limited to:
| Violations of any laws or regulations generally involving Invesco; |
| Questionable accounting matters, internal accounting controls, auditing matters, breaches of fiduciary duty or violations of United States or foreign securities laws or rules (collectively, Accounting Matters) including, but not limited to: |
| fraud or deliberate error in the preparation, evaluation, review or audit of any financial statement of Invesco; |
| fraud or deliberate error in the recording and maintaining of financial records of Invesco; |
| deficiencies in or non-compliance with Invescos internal accounting controls; |
| misrepresentation or false statements to or by a senior officer or accountant regarding a matter contained in the financial records, financial reports or audit reports of Invesco; |
| deviation from full and fair reporting of Invescos financial condition; or |
fraudulent or criminal activities engaged in by officers, directors or employees of Invesco;
You may report your concerns in any of three ways:
Contact your supervisor
We encourage you to first contact your immediate supervisor or another appropriate person in your own management chain of any concerns raised.
Contact the Legal, Compliance, Internal Audit or Human Resources Departments
If you prefer not to discuss a concern with your own supervisor or others in your own management chain, you may instead contact the Legal, Compliance, Internal Audit or Human Resources Departments directly. The individual you report the matter to would
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be responsible for working with you to determine the details of your concern as well as following Invescos reporting and escalation processes in order to address the matter.
Call our Invesco Whistleblower Hotline
If raising a concern in the first two methods makes you uncomfortable for any reason, or if you and/or the individual you have reported your concern do not feel Invescos established reporting and escalation channels would effectively address or is not effectively addressing the matter you have raised, you may also report your concerns confidentially and anonymously by calling the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline. If you are calling from a U.S. or Canadian location, dial 1-855-234-9780 . For calls from all other locations, Use the following link to identify a toll-free number for your country:
Link to International Toll-Free Numbers
You may also report your concern by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at www.invesco.ethicspoint.com .
The Invesco Whistleblower Hotline is administered by an outside vendor and is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For more information on the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline, please click here: Invesco Whistleblower Hotline .
Complaints relating to Accounting Matters will be reviewed pursuant to the Audit Committees policy and procedures and under its direction and oversight by such persons as the Audit Committee determines to be appropriate. All other matters will be reviewed under the direction and oversight of the appropriate departments within Invesco, usually also including Compliance. Prompt and appropriate corrective action will be taken when and as warranted in the judgment of the Audit Committee or other reviewing department.
Invesco will not permit retaliation, retribution, harassment, or intimidation of any employee who in good faith reports a possible violation. Along with the three reporting methods described above, this also includes, but is not limited to an employee who discloses information to a government or law enforcement agency, or any other national, state or provincial securities regulatory authority where the employee has reasonable cause to believe that the information discloses a violation or possible violation of federal or state law or regulation.
However, employees who file reports or provide evidence which they know to be false or without a reasonable belief in the truth and accuracy of such information may be subject to disciplinary action, including termination of their employment.
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3. | Failure to Comply |
It is your responsibility at all times to comply with the law and behave in an ethical manner. Failure to obey laws and regulations violates this Code and may expose both you and the company to criminal or civil sanctions. Invesco will investigate reported violations of the Code and, if violations are found, may take disciplinary action, if appropriate, against the individuals involved up to and including termination. Invesco may also seek civil remedies from you and even refer criminal misconduct to law enforcement agencies, and may make reports, if appropriate, to regulatory authorities. Nothing in this Code restricts the company from taking any disciplinary action on any matters pertaining to the conduct of a Covered Person, whether or not expressly set forth in the Code.
4. | Annual Certification |
As Covered Persons, each of us is obligated to read and understand this Code of Conduct and our relevant business units policies and procedures. All Covered Persons are expected to abide by both the letter and spirit of the Code and will certify their adherence on an annual basis.
5. | Other Requirements |
This Code cannot anticipate every possible situation or cover every topic in detail. The company has established special policies to address specific subjects and will update this Code and those specific policies from time-to-time. Covered Persons are also expected to perform their work with honesty and integrity in any areas not specifically addressed by the Code. If you are unclear about a situation, please speak with your supervisor or an appropriate member of Compliance before taking action.
6. | Waivers of the Code |
In certain limited situations, Invesco may waive the application of a provision of the Code to employees or Executive Officers (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Executive Officers). For the purposes of the Code, the term waiver shall mean a material departure from a provision of the Code.
For all employees, including Executive Officers, any requests for waivers must be made to Compliance. For waiver requests not involving an Executive Officer, Compliance shall forward the request to the General Counsel of the business unit for consideration.
For waiver requests involving an Executive Officer, Compliance will forward the request to General Counsel to raise to the Invesco Board of Directors or a committee thereof for consideration. Only the Board of Directors or one of its committees may approve a waiver for an Executive Officer. Any such waiver granted to an Executive Officer shall be promptly disclosed to shareholders within four (4) business days as required by SEC rules and the corporate governance listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange and other applicable laws.
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Criteria for a Waiver:
Any employee or Executive Officer requesting a waiver of the Code must demonstrate that such a waiver:
| is necessary to alleviate undue hardship or in view of unforeseen circumstances or is otherwise appropriate under all the relevant facts and circumstances; |
| will not be inconsistent with the purposes and objectives of the Code; |
| will not adversely affect the interests of clients of the company or the interests of the company; and |
| will not result in a transaction or conduct that would violate provisions of applicable laws or regulations. |
7. | Use and Disclosure |
This Code is intended solely for the internal use by the company and does not constitute an admission, by or on behalf of the company, as to any fact, circumstance, or legal conclusion. To the extent required by law, the company shall publicly ( e.g. , in its Annual Report on Form 10-K and/or on its website) disclose this Code of Conduct and its application to all of the companys Covered Persons.
8. | Amendments |
This Code may only be amended by Invescos Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof. To the extent required by law, amendments to the Code of Conduct shall be disclosed publicly. As set forth in the companys filings with the SEC, the company has elected to disclose certain amendments to the Code that affect, and any waivers of the Code granted to, Financial Officers on the companys Web site.
Revised: October 2016
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INVESCO EMEA (EX UK)
CODE OF ETHICS
October 2016
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 1 of 29 |
CONTENTS
SECTION | PAGE | |||
1. Statement of Fiduciary Principles |
4 | |||
2. Material non-public information and inside information |
6 | |||
3. Personal Investing Activities, Pre-Clearance and Pre- Notification |
9 | |||
4. Trade Restrictions on Personal Investing |
12 | |||
5. Economic Opportunities, Confidentiality and Outside Directorships |
16 | |||
6. Client Investments in Securities Owned by Invesco Employees |
18 | |||
7. Certifications and Reporting |
18 | |||
8. Miscellaneous |
21 | |||
9. Specific Provisions for Employees of Invesco Real Estate and Employees associated with real estate transactions undertaken by Invesco. |
23 | |||
APPENDICIES |
||||
A: Definitions |
25 | |||
B: Types of Transactions in Invesco Shares: Pre-Clearance Guidance |
27 | |||
C. Personal Account Dealing Guidance Overview |
28 | |||
D. Pre-Clearance Form |
29 |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 2 of 29 |
This revised Code of Ethics Policy (the Code) applies to all Employees of all entities of Invesco EMEA (ex UK) (Invesco). It covers the following topics:
| Prohibitions related to material, non-public information and inside information; |
| Personal securities investing; and |
| Service as a director and other business opportunities. |
This Code also imposes on Employees certain restrictions and reporting obligations which are specified below. Adherence to this Code, both letter and spirit, is a fundamental and absolute condition of employment with Invesco.
The following Invesco Policies are referred to in this Code of Ethics and the latest version of each of these Policies can be found on the Compliance Europe Intranet Site (for EMEA (ex UK) regional policies) or the Legal, Compliance, Security and Internal Audit intranet site (global policies):
| Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment (Inducements) Policy; |
| Conflicts of Interest Policy; |
| Whistleblowing Policy; |
| Market Abuse Policy; |
| Fraud Policy; |
| Insider Trading Policy; and |
| Anti-Bribery Policy. |
It is appreciated that no Code of Ethics can address every circumstance that may give rise to a conflict, a potential conflict or an appearance of a conflict of interest. Every Employee should be alert to any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest with Invescos clients and to conduct himself or herself with good judgment. Failure to exercise good judgment, as well as violations of this Code, may result in the imposition of sanctions on the Employee, including suspension or dismissal. All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of law or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to the Compliance Officer or his/her designee.
The requirements within this Code will apply in full to all permanent Invesco employees. In addition, there are individuals who, whilst not permanent Invesco Employees, have access to Invesco offices and/or systems and who could therefore potentially acquire certain material, non-public information or inside information. The applicability of this Code to those individuals is as follows:
Independent Non-Executive Directors: subject to pre-clearance (through the local Compliance Team) and certification requirements on the purchase and sale of IVZ shares, the purchase and sale of Invesco affiliated investments, and in respect of outside interests.
Temporary staff, contractors, consultants, facilities staff and security and maintenance staff who have access to Invesco systems, the Code applies in full.
Auditors, staff seconded from Legal or Accountancy Firms, Actuarial Function Holder : the Code will apply in full unless Invesco is satisfied that the individual is subject to an equivalent Code.
Cleaning Staff : Code requirements will not apply.
Where individuals do not have access to Star Compliance or do not accept the use of Star Compliance due to the transfer of personal data to the Compliance
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staff outside of the European Union, the distribution of the Code, the pre-clearance of transactions and other notifications will occur directly with the Compliance Department. Inquiries regarding these requirements should be directed to your local Compliance Officer.
1 | STATEMENT OF FIDUCIARY PRINCIPLES |
1.1 | As a fiduciary, Invesco owes an undivided duty of loyalty to its clients. It is Invescos policy that all Employees conduct themselves so as to avoid not only actual conflicts of interest with Invesco clients, but also that they refrain from conduct which could give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us. |
1.2 | The Code is designed to ensure, among other things, that the personal securities transactions of all Employees are conducted in accordance with the following general principles: |
1.2.1 | A duty at all times to place the interests of Invescos clients first and foremost; |
1.2.2 | The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest or any abuse of an Employees position of trust and responsibility; and |
1.2.3 | The requirement that Employees should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions. |
1.3 | Invescos policy is to avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest but, where they unavoidably occur, to record, manage, and disclose them to prevent abuse and protect our clients, Employees and other counterparties. |
1.4 | Invesco does not make political contributions with corporate funds. No Employees may, under any circumstances, use company funds to make political contributions, nor may you represent your personal political views as being those of the company. |
1.5 |
Invesco seeks to do business with clients and suppliers on a fair and equitable basis. Employees may not accept or provide gifts, entertainment or other non-monetary benefits of an unreasonable value which could create a conflict with the duty owed to clients. Any limits imposed by our business units policies, local laws, or regulations with respect to the acceptance or provision of gifts, entertainment and non-monetary benefits must be complied with. Invesco lays down written standards regarding the nature of gifts, benefits and entertainment, with strict monetary and frequency limitations. Only gifts, benefits and entertainment which comply with regulatory requirements and internal standards, are designed to enhance the quality of service to customers and do not create conflicts of interest, can be given or received. Subject to regulatory requirements and internal limits, the types of benefits which may be given or received by the Invesco Group include: gifts, hospitality and promotional competition prizes; joint marketing exercises; participation in seminars and conferences; provision of technical services and information technology; training; and travel and accommodation expenses. All gifts, benefits and entertainment provided or received by Invesco or its personnel must be recorded in |
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GBE declarations sent quarterly to Compliance. If there is any doubt about the permissibility of giving or receiving a gift, benefit or entertainment event, Employees should contact the Compliance Department for guidance before this is given or received. Further information can be found in the EMEA ex-UK Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment (Inducements) Policy. |
1.6 | Invesco does not tolerate bribery. Employees must not offer, give, request, or agree to accept or accept financial or non-financial advantages of any kind where the purpose is to influence a person to behave improperly in their decisions or actions or to reward them for having done so. Charitable donations must not be made as an inducement or reward for improper behaviour. Unofficial payments to speed up routine government or other processes must never be made, however small. These restrictions apply to Invesco staff and to anybody appointed to act on Invescos behalf and cover relationships with prospective or existing clients or business partners. Further information can be found in the Anti-Bribery Policy. |
1.7 | Legislation exists to protect Employees who blow the whistle about wrongdoing within the firm. This legislation encourages Employees to raise concerns internally in the first instance. Invesco Employees should feel able to raise any such concerns internally, confident that it will be dealt with properly and that all reasonable steps will be taken to prevent victimisation. If Employees wish to report concerns anonymously they can call the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline using the toll-free telephone numbers below which vary depending on your location: |
Austria: 0800-291870
Belgium: 0800-77004
Czech Republic: 800-142-550
France: 0800-902500
Germany: 0800-1016582
Ireland: 1800615403
Italy: 800-786907
Netherlands: 0800-0226174
Spain: 900-991498
Sweden: 020-79-8729
Switzerland: 0800-562907
Employees may also report their concerns by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at: www.invesco.ethicspoint.com . To ensure confidentiality, this telephone line and website is provided by an independent company and is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. All submissions to the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline will be reviewed and handled in a prompt, fair, and discreet manner. Employees are encouraged to report questionable practices so that Invesco has an opportunity to address and resolve these before they become more significant regulatory or legal issues.
1.8 | It is Invesco policy, in the context of being an Asset Manager, to treat its customers fairly. |
1.9 |
No Employee should have ownership in or other interest in or employment by any outside concern which does business with Invesco Ltd. This does not apply to stock or other investments in a publicly held company, provided that the stock and other investments |
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do not, in the aggregate, exceed 5% of the outstanding ownership interests of such company. Invesco Ltd. may, following a review of the relevant facts, permit ownership interests which exceed these amounts if management or the Board of Directors, as appropriate, concludes that such ownership interests will not adversely affect Invescos business interests or the judgment of the affected staff.
1.10 | Employees are prohibited from using personal hedging strategies or remuneration or liability related contracts of insurance to undermine any risk alignment effects embedded in their remuneration arrangements. This includes, for instance, entering into an arrangement with a third party under which that third party will make payments directly, or indirectly, to the Employee that are linked to, or commensurate with, the amounts by which the Employees remuneration is subject to reductions arising from the implementation of EU Directives and associated legislation and regulation. |
2 | MATERIAL, NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION & INSIDE INFORMATION |
2.1 | Restriction on Trading or Recommending Trading Each Employee is reminded that it constitutes a violation of law and/or market abuse regulations for any person to trade in or recommend trading in the securities of a company while in possession of as appropriate inside information or material, non-public information concerning that company, or to disclose such information to any person not entitled to receive it if there is reason to believe that such information will be used in connection with a trade in the securities of that company. Violations of law and regulations may give rise to civil as well as criminal liability, including the imposition of monetary penalties or prison sentences upon the individuals involved. Tippees (i.e, persons who receive material, non-public information or inside information) also may be held liable if they trade or if they do not trade but pass along such information to others. |
2.2 | Material non-public information relates to US legislation and is relevant for US-traded companies and financial instruments. Inside information relates to European legislation and relevant for European traded companies and financial instruments. |
2.3 | What is material, non-public information? Material information is any information about a company which, if disclosed, is likely to affect the market price of the companys securities or to be considered important by an average investor in deciding whether to purchase or sell those securities. Examples of information which should be presumed to be material are matters such as dividend increases or decreases, earnings estimates by the company, changes in the companys previously released earnings estimates, significant new products or discoveries, major litigation by or against the company, liquidity or solvency problems, extraordinary management developments, significant merger or acquisition proposals, or similar major events which would be viewed as having materially altered the total mix of information available regarding the company or the market for any of its securities. |
2.4 |
Non-public information is information that has not yet been publicly disclosed. Information about a company is considered to be non-public information if it is received under circumstances which |
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indicate that it is not yet in general circulation and that such information may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to the company or its insiders, or that the recipient knows to have been furnished by someone in breach of a fiduciary obligation. Courts have held that fiduciary relationships exist between a company and another party in a broad variety of situations involving a relationship between a company and its lawyers, investment bankers, financial printers, Employees, technical advisors and others. This list is not exhaustive and the types of fiduciary relationships and the way in which they are formed are extensive.
2.5 | What is inside information? Inside information is information which: |
(a) | is of a precise nature; and |
(b) | is not generally available; and |
(c) | relates directly or indirectly to one or more issuers of the relevant securities or one or more of the relevant investments; and |
(d) | would, if generally available, be likely to have a significant effect on the price of the relevant securities or investments. |
Information is precise if it:
(a) | indicates circumstances which exist or may reasonably be expected to come into existence, or an event that has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur, and |
(b) | is specific enough to enable a conclusion to be drawn as to the possible effect on the price of the relevant instrument or investment. |
Information would be likely to have a significant effect on price if and only if it is information of a kind which a reasonable investor would be likely to use as part of the basis of his investment decisions. In other words it has to be a piece of information which a reasonable investor would use when making a decision to buy or sell a financial instrument. It does not have to be the major reason for the decision just one of the reasons. Because the information contributes towards a buy or sell decision, and these decisions determine the price of an instrument, the information is viewed as being significant for setting the price of the instrument. The significant effect on price does not relate to the size of any price movement of the financial instrument due to the effect of the information.
2.6 | Information should not be considered to have been publicly disclosed until a reasonable time after it has been made public (for example, by a press release). Someone with access to inside information may not beat the market by trading simultaneously with, or immediately after, the official release of material information. |
2.7 | The responsibility of ensuring that the proposed transaction does not constitute insider dealing or a conflict with the interests of a client remains with the relevant Employee and obtaining pre-clearance to enter into a transaction under Section 3.3 below does not absolve that responsibility. |
2.8 | Invesco is in a unique position, being privy to market research and rumours and being privy also to information about its clients which may be public companies. Invesco Employees must be aware and vigilant to ensure that they cannot be accused of being a party of any insider dealing or market abuse situations. |
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2.9 | In particular, the following investment activities must not be entered into without carefully ensuring that there are no implications of insider trading: |
2.9.1 | Trading in shares for a client in any other client of Invesco which is a Company quoted on a recognised stock exchange. |
2.9.2 | Trading in shares for a client in a quoted company where Invesco: |
i) | obtains information in any official capacity which may be price sensitive and has not been made available to the general public. |
ii) | obtains any other information which can be substantiated in connection with a listed company or related derivatives or financial instruments which is also both price sensitive and has not been made available to the general public. |
2.9.3 | Manipulation of the market by entering into a transaction, placing an order or any other behavior which gives or is likely to give false or misleading signals as to the supply of, demand form or price of a financial instrument or secures or is likely to secure the price of one or several financial instruments. This also covers any attempt of market manipulation. |
2.9.4 | Release of information about a company that would have the effect of distorting the market in such a way to be considered market abuse. |
2.10 | Reporting Requirement. Whenever an Employee believes that he or she may have come into possession of material, non-public information or inside information about a public company, he or she personally must immediately notify the Compliance Department and should not discuss such information with anyone else including Invesco Employees and should not engage in transactions for himself, herself, or others including Invesco clients. |
2.11 | Upon receipt of such information, the Compliance Department will include the company name on the IVZ Restricted List in respect of which no transactions may be entered into. This list will be advised to the Equity dealing desk and no discussion will be entered into. |
2.12 | Confidentiality. No information regarding the affairs of any client of Invesco may be passed to anyone outside Invesco unless specifically requested by law, regulation or court order. In any event, the Compliance and Legal Departments must be consulted prior to furnishing such information. |
2.13 |
Employees should maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the Company and their fellow Employees. Employees shall take all reasonable efforts to safeguard such confidential information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties. While accessing and utilising internal applications and |
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systems, employees must access such information solely to the extent it is mandatory to perform their task and not to access any other data which is not necessary. External publication or distribution of internal company information, policies or procedures is prohibited except when disclosure is properly authorised by the functional owner of the information or legally mandated. Employees should make all reasonable efforts to safeguard such information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties. |
2.14 | Sanctions. Any Employee, who knowingly trades or recommends trading while in possession of material, non-public information or inside information, may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and/or significant monetary penalties, as well as to immediate suspension and/or dismissal from Invesco. |
3 | PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES, PRE-CLEARANCE AND PRE-NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS |
3.1 | Transactions covered by this Code All transactions (other than transactions described in section 3.2) in investments made for Covered Accounts are subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions, pre-notification and reporting requirements described below, unless otherwise indicated. For a list of the types of Employee and other accounts which are Covered Accounts, please see the definition in Appendix A. |
3.2 | Transactions in the following investments (Exempt Investments) are not subject to the trading restrictions or other requirements of this Code and do not need to be pre-notified, pre-cleared, or reported other than as described below: |
3.2.1 | Registered unaffiliated (e.g. Schroders) open-ended Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) including; open-ended mutual funds, open-ended investment companies/ICVCs/ SICAVs or unit trusts - but not Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) or closed-end funds, e.g. Investment Trusts; |
3.2.2 | Securities which are direct obligations of an OECD country (e.g. US Treasury Bonds); |
3.2.3 | In-specie transfers; and |
3.2.4 | Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and High Quality Short-Term Debt Instruments including repurchase agreements. |
Employees are required to provide statements for all Covered Accounts as described in Section 7.4. If an account has the ability to invest in Covered Securities, the account is considered a Covered Account and the full statement must be provided to Compliance including information regarding Exempt Investments.
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Transactions which require pre-notification and pre-clearance |
3.3 | Pre-Clearance |
3.3.1 | Transactions in a Covered Account which must be notified to the Compliance department for pre-clearance, regardless of whether the order is placed directly or through a broker/adviser, include the following (Covered Securities): |
| buys or sales of ordinary securities, equivalent securities, venture capital schemes such as Venture Capital Trusts (VCTs), Investment Trusts and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), including any of these investments which are held within a product/wrapper; and |
| buys, sales, or switches in Invesco UK ICVCs, GPR/Cross Border Funds, Pension Funds or other affiliated schemes, including any of these investments which are held within an unaffiliated product/wrapper e.g. Invesco funds managed by an unaffiliated pension provider. |
All Employees must receive prior approval using the Star Compliance system or from the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team in order to engage in a personal securities transaction in a Covered Security.
Pre-clearance will not be given if the proposed personal securities transaction is in conflict with any of the rules outlined in this Policy, including the Blackout Rule.
3.3.2 | The Pre-clearance Process |
For those using STAR the pre-clearance process involves the following steps:
| The proposed trade must be entered into the Star Compliance system. |
| The Star Compliance system will confirm if there is any Client activity in the same or equivalent security currently on the trading desk and verify if there have been any transactions within the corresponding Blackout Rule period (refer to section 4.1.2). |
| The Star Compliance system will check to see if the security is on the restricted list (refer to section 4.1.1). |
| If any potential conflicts are identified by the Star Compliance system, the request will be reviewed by the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team. |
| An automated response will be received by the Employee for all pre-approval requests indicating whether the transaction has been approved or denied. |
For those without access to Star Compliance, please refer to the pre-clearance form at Appendix D.
3.3.3 | Executing Approved Transactions |
All authorised personal securities transactions must be executed on the same business day . If the trade is not executed within this time period, a new pre-clearance request must be submitted and approved if the Employee still intends to trade in that security.
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All approved trades that are not executed must be retracted in the Star Compliance system by the Employee.
No order for a securities transaction for which pre-clearance authorisation is sought may be placed prior to the receipt of authorisation of the transaction. Employees may be requested to reverse any trades processed without the required pre-approval. Any costs or losses associated with the reversal are the responsibility of the Employee. The Employee may also be asked to disgorge any profits from the trade.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only , except in the following situations:
| Approval is granted after the close of trading day. In this case, approval is valid through the next trading day. |
| Where an employee submits a request for a security that is trading on a market that is not open when the request is submitted and receives approval for the trade, the trade must be completed prior to closing of the market immediately following approval. |
3.3.4 | Copies of the relevant contract notes (or equivalent) must be sent to codeofethicsemeaexuk@invesco.com. This must be done in a timely manner. |
For those not accessing Star Compliance the details of where to provide contract notes is noted in the pre-clearance form.
3.4 | Transactions that do not need to be pre-cleared . The pre-clearance requirements (and the trading restrictions on personal investing described below) do not apply to the following transactions, unless otherwise indicated: |
3.4.1 | Discretionary Accounts. Transactions effected in any Covered Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (a Discretionary Account). An Employee shall be deemed to have no direct or indirect influence or control over an account only if all of the following conditions are met: |
i) | investment discretion for such account has been delegated in writing to an independent fiduciary and such investment discretion is not shared with the Employee; and |
ii) | the Employee certifies in writing that he or she has not and will not discuss any potential investment decisions with such independent fiduciary; and |
iii) | the advisor also certifies in writing that he or she will not discuss any potential investment decisions with the owner of the account or the Employee; and |
iv) | duplicate periodic statements are provided to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team. |
v) | the Compliance Department has determined that the account satisfies the foregoing requirements. |
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3.4.2 | Governmental Issues. Investments in the debt obligations of state and municipal governments or agencies. |
3.4.3 | Non-Volitional Trades. Transactions which are non-volitional on the part of the Employee (such as the receipt of securities pursuant to a stock dividend or merger). |
3.4.4 | Automatic Transactions Purchases of the stock of a company pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan or an employee stock purchase plan sponsored by such company. |
3.4.5 | Rights Offerings Receipt or exercise of rights issued by a company on a pro rata basis to all holders of a class of security. Employees must, however, pre-clear transactions for the acquisition of such rights from a third party or the disposition of such rights. |
3.4.6 | Independent Non-Executive Directors Transactions Transactions in securities, except for Invesco Ltd. shares and/or Investment Trusts and other affiliated funds managed by Invesco, by Independent Non-Executive Directors. Transactions by Independent Non-Executive Directors will be pre-cleared outside of Star Compliance. |
3.4.7 | Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs ) Employees must seek pre-clearance for transactions in respect of ETFs unless otherwise indicated on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List. . ETFs are Covered Securities and are still subject to requirements and limits on personal investing as described in sections 4 and 7, irrespective of whether pre-clearance is required |
3.4.8 | Note that all of the transactions described in paragraphs 3.4.1. to 3.4.7, while not subject to pre-clearance, are nevertheless subject to all of the reporting requirements set forth below in paragraph 7.3. This must be done in a timely manner after the transaction. |
4 | TRADE RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL INVESTING |
4.1 | All transactions in Covered Accounts which are subject to the pre-clearance requirements specified in this Code are also subject to the following trading restrictions: |
4.1.1 | Restricted Lists Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest. |
4.1.2 | Blackout Periods An employee may not buy or sell, or permit any Covered Account to buy or sell, a security or any instrument if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account. |
Non-Investment Personnel.
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days before or after a Client trades in that security; and |
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| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
Investment Personnel .
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security; and |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security with the trading desk. |
De Minimis Exemptions. Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Persons proposed personal securities transaction:
o Equity de minimis exemptions .
If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the FTSE 100 Index, DAX Index, CAC 40 Index or any of the other main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link:
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/De%20Minimis%20
Indices%20List.pdf .
If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided that there is no conflicting client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day.
o Fixed income de minimis exemptions . If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she may execute up to EUR 70,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period.
The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the blackout period is the last three trading days.
For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction.
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Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business/trade day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day (see section 3.3.3). If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.
4.1.3 | In the event there is a trade in a client account in the same security or instrument within a blackout period, the Employee may be required to close out the position and to disgorge any profit to a charitable organisation chosen by Invesco Compliance. |
4.1.4 | Invesco Ltd. Securities |
1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.
2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltd.s securities, on an exchange or any other organized market.
3. For all Covered Persons, all transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. Securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to blackout periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.
4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section 7.3 of this Code.
Any Employee who becomes aware of material non-public information about Invesco is prohibited from trading in Invesco Securities. Full details of the Invesco stock transaction Pre-Clearance Guide and restrictions for all Employees of Invesco can be found in Appendix B.
4.1.5 | Invesco Investment Trusts Staff dealing in Invesco Investment Trusts will also be subject to closed periods as dictated by each of the Trusts. |
4.1.6 | Affiliated Funds such as the Cross Border Product Range, PowerShares ETFs, French domiciled UCITS and other affiliated schemes will be subject to the Short -Term Trading restrictions (60 day rule - see 4.1.7). Any preferential rate of sales charge allowed to staff will be withdrawn in circumstances where it is apparent that the Employee has traded on a short-term basis in those shares i.e. where previous transactions by that person have resulted in the short-term holding of those investments. Shares of affiliated schemes will not be accepted for redemption if the funds themselves are closed for redemption due to the effects of subsequent market or currency movements. |
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4.1.7 | Short-Term Trading Profits It is Invescos policy to restrict the ability of Employees to benefit from short-term trading in securities and instruments. Employees must disgorge profits made on the sale of any security or instrument held less than 60 days. This section (4.1.7) will not apply to Financial Spread Betting transactions which have been approved under the Exceptions section (4.1.15) of this Policy. |
4.1.8 | Initial Public Offerings No Employee may purchase or permit any Covered Account to purchase a security offered pursuant to an initial public offering, except in a Venture Capital Trust or Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), wherever such offering is made. However where the public offering is made by a Government of where the Employee is resident and different amounts of the offering are specified for different investor types e.g. private and institutional, the Compliance Officer may allow such purchases after consultation with the EMEA functional lead. |
4.1.9 | Privately-Issued Securities Employees may not purchase or permit a Covered Account to purchase or acquire any privately-issued securities, other than in exceptional cases specifically approved by the Compliance Officer after consultation with the EMEA functional lead (e.g. where such investment is part of a family-owned and operated business venture that would not be expected to involve an investment opportunity of interest to any Invesco client). |
4.1.10 | Employees, however, may invest in interests in private investment funds (i.e. hedge funds) that are established to invest predominantly in public securities and instruments, subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements contained in this Code. Employees may also invest in residential co-operatives and private recreational clubs (such as sports clubs, country clubs, luncheon clubs and the like) for their personal use; such investments are not subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements unless the Employees investing is part of a business conducted by the Employee. Such ownership should be reported to the Compliance Officer. |
4.1.11 | Short Sales An Employee may not sell short a security. |
4.1.12 | Financial Spread Betting Employees may not enter into Financial Spread betting arrangements unless they have applied in writing to do so under the Exceptions section of this Policy (4.1.15) and have received written confirmation that this is permitted. Exceptions will not be granted for Financial Spread Betting on single stocks but, depending on the circumstances, spread betting on Foreign Exchange Rates, Main Indices and Government Bonds may be allowed on an exceptions basis. |
4.1.13 | Futures Employees may not write, sell or buy exchange-traded futures, synthetic futures, swaps and similar non-exchange traded instruments. |
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4.1.14 | Investment Clubs Employee participation in an investment club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited. |
4.1.15 | Exceptions The EMEA functional lead, local Head of Office and the Director of Compliance EMEA (ex UK) (or their designees) may together, on a case by case basis, grant exceptions from these trading restrictions upon written request. Any exceptions granted will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually. |
5 | ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, CONFIDENTIALITY AND OUTSIDE DIRECTORSHIPS |
5.1 | In order to reduce potential conflicts of interest arising from the participation of Employees on the boards of directors of public, private, non-profit and other enterprises, all Employees are subject to the following restrictions and guidelines: |
5.1.1 | An Employee may not serve as a director of a public company without the approval of the Compliance Officer after consultation with the EMEA functional lead and the Head of Office. |
5.1.2 | An Employee may serve on the board of directors or participate as an adviser or otherwise, or advisers of a private company only if: |
(i) | client assets have been invested in such company and having a seat on the board would be considered beneficial to our clients interest; and |
(ii) | service on such board has been approved in writing by the Compliance Officer after consultation with the EMEA functional lead and the Head of Office. The Employee must resign from such board of directors as soon as the company contemplates going public, except where the Compliance Officer (after consultation with the EMEA functional lead and the Head of Office) has determined that an Employee may remain on a board. In any event, an Employee shall not accept any compensation for serving as a director (or in a similar capacity) of such company; any compensation offered shall either be refused or, if unable to be refused, distributed pro rata to the relevant client accounts. |
5.1.3 | An Employee must receive prior written permission from the local Head of Office (after consultation with the Compliance Officer) or his designee before serving as a director, non-executive director, trustee or member of an advisory board of either: |
(i) | any non-profit or charitable institution; or |
(ii) | a private family-owned and operated business. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 16 of 29 |
5.1.4 | An Employee may serve as an officer or director of a residential co-operative, but must receive prior written permission from the local Head of Office (after consultation with the Compliance Officer) before serving as a director if, in the course of such service, he or she gives advice with respect to the management of the co-operatives funds. |
5.1.5 | If an Employee serving on the board of directors or advisers of any entity comes into possession of material, non-public information through such service, he or she must immediately notify the Compliance Officer. |
5.1.6 | An Invesco Employee shall not take personal advantage of any economic opportunity properly belonging to an Invesco Client or to Invesco itself. Such opportunities could arise, for example, from confidential information belonging to a client or the offer of a directorship. Employees must not disclose information relating to a clients intentions, activities or portfolios except: |
i) | to fellow Employees, or other agents of the client, who need to know it to discharge their duties; or |
ii) | to the client itself. |
5.1.7 | Employees may not cause or attempt to cause any Client to purchase, sell or hold any Security in a manner calculated to create any personal benefit to the Employee or Invesco. |
5.1.8 | If an Employee or immediate family member stands to materially benefit from an investment decision for an Advisory Client that the Employee is recommending or participating in, the Employee must disclose that interest to persons with authority to make investment decisions and to the local Compliance Officer. Based on the information given, a decision will be made on whether or not to restrict the Employees participation in causing a client to purchase or sell a Security in which the Employee has an interest. |
5.1.9 | An Employee must disclose to those persons with authority to make investment decisions for a Client (or to the Compliance Officer if the Employee in question is a person with authority to make investment decisions for the Client), any Beneficial Interest that the Employee (or immediate family) has in that Security or an Equivalent Security, or in the issuer thereof, where the decision could create a material benefit to the Employee (or immediate family) or the appearance of impropriety. The person to whom the Employee reports the interest, in consultation with the Compliance Officer, must determine whether or not the Employee will be restricted in making investment decisions. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 17 of 29 |
6 | CLIENT INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES OWNED BY INVESCO EMPLOYEES |
6.1 | General Principles In addition to the specific prohibitions on certain personal securities transactions as set forth herein, and in-line with the requirements of the Fraud Policy, all Employees are prohibited from: |
6.1.1 | Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any prospect or client; |
6.1.2 | Making any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state to a client or a prospective client, a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
6.1.3 | Engaging in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any prospect or client; |
6.1.4 | Engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any prospect or client; |
6.1.5 | Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or by Invesco, or |
6.1.6 | Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a client) the consideration of any securities transactions by any client or by Invesco. |
7 | CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS |
7.1 | This Code forms part of an employees contract of employment and any breach may be grounds for disciplinary action up to and including summary dismissal. |
7.2 | In order to implement the general principles, restrictions and prohibitions contained in this Code, each Employee is required to provide the following certifications and reports described in sections 7.2 to 7.4 below.: |
7.2.1 On commencing employment at Invesco, each new employee shall receive a copy of the Code and will be expected to confirm that they understand and accept this Code within 10 days of commencing employment.
7.2.2 New employees are also required, within 10 days of commencing employment, to provide the following to the Compliance Department:
(i) | a list of all Covered Accounts (see Initial Holdings Report 7.3.1); and |
(ii) | details of any directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 18 of 29 |
7.3 | Employees are required to sign-off and submit various reports in the Star Compliance system as detailed in sections 7.3.1 to 7.3.4 below. Employees that do not hold any Covered Securities or Covered Accounts are still required to sign-off on these reports. |
7.3.1 Initial Holdings Reports. Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by reporting the following information (the information must be current within 45 days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person):
| A list of all security holdings, including the name, number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to havea Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of their immediate family sharing the same household (e.g., a spouse or civil partner and children) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the person; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person |
7.3.2 Quarterly Transactions Reports. All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest:
| The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security; |
| The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.); |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions that do not require pre-clearance such as transactions made through an Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan or Exempt Investments (refer to section 3.2).
Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 19 of 29 |
of the Covered Person (including Covered Securities held in a retirement vehicle, including plans sponsored by Invesco or its affiliates).
The report shall include:
| The date the account was established; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and |
| The date that the report is submitted to Compliance. |
Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.
7.3.3 Annual Holdings Reports. All Covered Persons must report annually the following information, which must be current within 45 days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance:
| The security name and the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest; |
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held; |
| With respect to Discretionary Accounts, if any, certifications that such Employee does not discuss any investment decisions with the person making investment decisions; |
| With respect to any non-public security owned by such Employee, a statement indicating whether the issuer has changed its name or publicly issued securities during such calendar year; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
7.3.4 Certification of Compliance. All Covered Persons must certify annually that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. In addition, all Covered Persons must certify annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved, where required, by the relevant board/management committee.
All Covered Persons must certify within 30 days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the Code and recognise that they are subject to the Code. On an annual basis, Employees are required to provide an updated list of the following to Compliance:
i) | directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises; |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 20 of 29 |
ii) | potential conflicts of interest identified which have not yet been reported to the Compliance Department; and |
iii) | potential Fiduciary or Treating Customers Fairly issues identified which have not yet been reported to the Compliance Department/ escalated through appropriate reporting channels. |
7.4 | Confirmations and Statements. |
In respect of each covered personal securities transaction involving a Covered Security, Employees are encouraged to direct their brokers to deliver to the Invesco Compliance Department, duplicate trade confirmations and account statements for their Covered Accounts in a timely manner. If duplicate contract notes are not provided by the broker, the Employee must provide the statements directly to Compliance in a timely manner following a trade or receipt of a periodic statement. In addition, Employees must provide duplicate trade confirmations and account statements directly to the Compliance upon request.
Material breaches and concerns are reported to Invesco boards, and/or committees of same, as appropriate.
7.5 | Exempt Investments Confirmations, periodic statements, and periodic reports need not be provided with respect to Exempt Investments (see 3.2). If an account has the ability to hold both Covered Securities and Exempt Investments, the periodic statement will need to be provided and may include information regarding Exempt Investments. |
7.6 | Disclaimer of Beneficial Interest Any report required under this Code may contain a statement that such report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct and indirect beneficial interest of the security to which the report relates. |
7.7 | Annual Review The Compliance Officer will review the Code on an annual basis and as necessary, in light of legal and business developments and experience in implementing the Code, and will prepare a report, where required/appropriate, to the relevant board/management committee that: |
7.7.1 | summarizes existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in the procedures made during the past year, |
7.7.2 | identifies any violations requiring significant remedial action during the past year, and |
7.7.3 | identifies any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based on the experience under the Code, evolving industry practices, or developments in applicable laws or regulations |
8 | MISCELLANEOUS |
8.1 |
Interpretation The provisions of this Code will be interpreted by the Compliance Officer. Questions of interpretation should be directed in the first instance to the Compliance Officer or his/her |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 21 of 29 |
designee or, if necessary, with the Compliance Officer of another Invesco entity. The interpretation of the Compliance Officer is final.
8.2 | Sanctions Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial. |
Invesco may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the personal security transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.
Any violations of this Code and sanctions therefore will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually.
8.3 | Effective Date This revised Code shall become effective as of 1 October 2016. |
8.4 | IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team Contact Information You may direct any questions regarding this Code to the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team by email to codeofethicsEMEAexUK@invesco.com . If you are not utilising Star Compliance please refer your queries to local Compliance. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 22 of 29 |
9 | SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR EMPLOYEES OF INVESCO REAL ESTATE AND EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATED WITH REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY INVESCO : |
9.1 | The purpose of this section is to ensure all personal real estate transactions and financing of Employees are conducted |
| to place the interests of Invescos clients first, |
| to avoid any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest, |
| to avoid any abuse of an Employees position of trust and responsibility and |
| to avoid the possibility that Employees would take inappropriate advantage of their positions. |
9.2 | The requirements in these sections are an addition to rather than a substitute of all other requirements made in the Code of Ethics. |
Restrictions
Any Employee who:
| knowingly invests in real estate or recommends investments in real estate while in possession of material, non-public information, |
| informs somebody (outside of Invesco or the client) about a real estate investment or about a client using information he has received through his employment with Invesco may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, as well as to immediate suspension and/or dismissal from Invesco. |
These restrictions also apply to investments undertaken by third parties on the Employees account or by the Employee for another person.
Definitions
Material information is any information about a real estate investment which, if disclosed, is likely to affect the market price of a real estate investment. Examples of information which should be presumed to be material are matters such as income from property, pollution of the premises, earnings estimates of a real estate project development plans or changes of such estimates, or forthcoming transformation of land into building land prior to public planning.
Non-public information is information that is not provided by publicly available sources. Information about a real estate investment is considered to be non-public if it is received under circumstances which indicate that such information may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to any party involved in the real estate project or its insiders, or that the recipient knows to have been furnished by someone in breach of a fiduciary duty. An example of non-public information related to real estate investments is the desire or need of a client to sell a real estate investment.
Inside information is information of precise nature, which has not been made public, relating, directly or indirectly to one or more issuers or to one or more instruments. The information is precise if it indicates circumstances which exist or may reasonably be expected to come into existence or an event that has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur and is specific enough to enable a conclusion to be drawn as to the possible effect on the price of the relevant real estate investment.
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 23 of 29 |
In the case of a protracted process that is intended to bring about, or that results in, particular circumstances or a particular event, those future circumstances or that future event, and also the intermediate steps of that process which are connected with bringing about or resulting in those future circumstances or that future event, may be deemed to be precise information
In particular, the following activities must not be entered into without carefully ensuring that there are no implications of insider trading and no appearance of a conflict of interest:
1. | Personally investing in real estate for a client when another client or a business partner of Invesco is involved in setting up and selling the investment. e.g. as an intermediary or a financier. |
2. | Entering into a private real estate transaction or financing when any cost or fees brought forth by it are other than at arms length. |
3. | Taking personal advantage of any economic opportunity properly belonging to an Invesco Client or to Invesco itself. |
4. | Investing in real estate for a client where Invesco has access to information which may be price sensitive. |
5. | Manipulation of the market by entering into a transaction, placing an order or any other behavior which gives or is likely to give false or misleading signals as to the supply of, demand form or price of a real estate investment or secures or is likely to secure the price of one or several real estate investments. This also covers any attempt of market manipulation. |
6. | Release of any information (except in the normal course of his or her duties as an Employee of Invesco) about a clients considerations of a real estate investment. |
7. | Personally engaging in real estate investments and thereby using information received through the employment with Invesco. |
Personal Investing Activities, Pre-Clearance and Pre-Notification
Prior to engaging in any private real estate transaction the Employee must fully disclose the transaction or financing to the local compliance officer along with details of any non-public information held by the Employee. Further detail may be requested by Compliance including an independent valuation or confirmation of purchase price.
It will only be permitted if it is not contrary to the interests of Invesco or the clients of Invesco. In the event that such an engagement was entered into before the Employee has joined Invesco and it is a commercial investment (not inhabited by the Employee or family members), it must be disclosed upon employment.
Disclosure of the transaction is also required if the Employee acts as an authorised agent, if the transaction is undertaken by a third party for the account of the Employee or if a transaction one in which an Employee has indirect financial interest or indirect benefit, such as those in the name of the Employees spouse, civil partner, or child living in the same household.
Compliance will without delay inform the Employee about the decision. If the permission for a particular investment is given, a time limit of one year applies to the actual engagement in this specific investment.
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 24 of 29 |
APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS
1. | Advisory Client means any client (including both investment companies and managed accounts) for which Invesco serves as an investment adviser, renders investment advice, or makes investment decisions. |
2. | Beneficial Interest means the opportunity to share, directly or indirectly, in any profit or loss on a transaction in Securities, including but not limited to all joint accounts, partnerships and trusts. |
3. | A Covered Account is defined for purposes of this Policy as any account: |
| Where the Employee is the registered owner of the securities in the account, thereby having a direct financial interest or benefit from the account; or |
| In which an Employee has indirect financial interest or indirect benefit, such as accounts held in the name of the Employees spouse, civil partner, or child living in the same household. |
| In which an Employee has direct control, such as any account for which the Employee has a power of attorney or trading authorization, trust accounts on which the Employee is appointed a trustee, or corporate accounts for which the Employee is an authorised signing officer. |
The examples provided above are not all-inclusive. There may be other account types and registrations not listed above that are considered covered for the purposes of this Policy.
4. | Employee means a person who has a contract of employment with an Invesco Company within Europe (excluding UK); including consultants, contractors or temporary Employees. |
5. | Equivalent Security means any Security issued by the same entity as the issuer of a security, including options, rights, warrants, preferred stock, restricted stock, bonds and other obligations of that company. |
6. | Fund means an investment company for which Invesco serves as an adviser or subadviser. |
7. | High quality short-term debt instruments means any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and which is treated in one of the highest two rating categories by a Nationally Recognised Statistical Rating Organisation, or which is unrated but is of comparable quality. |
9. | Initial Public Offering means any security which is being offered for the first time on a Recognised Stock Exchange. |
10. | Open-Ended Collective Investment Scheme means any Open-ended Investment Company, US Mutual Fund, UK ICVC or Irish Unit Trust, Luxembourg SICAV, French SICAV or Bermuda Fund. |
11. | Securities Transaction means a purchase of or sale of Securities. |
12. | Security includes stock, notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan participations and assignments), limited partnership interests, investment contracts, and all derivative instruments, such as options and warrants. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 25 of 29 |
13. | Affiliate schemes defined as all UK domiciled Invesco ICVCs, all Invesco Continental European domestic ranges and all Invesco Ireland and Luxembourg SICAVs and Unit Trusts. |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 26 of 29 |
APPENDIX B
Type of Transaction in IVZ |
Pre-
Clearance |
Basis for
Approval |
Quarterly
Reporting of Transactions |
Annual Report
of Holdings |
||||||||||
- Open market purchases & sales |
Yes | Not permitted in | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
- Transactions in plan |
blackout periods. | |||||||||||||
|
Compliance
Officer |
|
Compliance Officer |
|
Compliance
Officer |
|
||||||||
Exercise of Employee Stock Options when same day sale |
Yes |
Not permitted in
closed periods |
Yes | n/a | ||||||||||
Recd when merged w/ Invesco |
IVZ Company | for those in the | Compliance | |||||||||||
Options for Stock Grants |
Secretarial | Blackout Group. | Officer | |||||||||||
Options for Global Stock Plans |
||||||||||||||
Options for Restricted StkAwards |
||||||||||||||
Option holding | ||||||||||||||
period must be | ||||||||||||||
satisfied. | ||||||||||||||
Sale of Stocks Exercised and held until | Yes | Not permitted in | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
later date. Options Exercised will have | closed periods | |||||||||||||
been received as follows: | Compliance | for those in the | Compliance Officer | Compliance | ||||||||||
Recd when merged w/ Invesco |
Officer | Blackout Group. | Officer | |||||||||||
Options for Stock Grants |
||||||||||||||
Options for Global Stock Plans Options for Restricted StkAwards |
Stock holding
period must be satisfied. |
|||||||||||||
Sale of Stock Purchased through Sharesave or Invesco Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
|
Yes
Compliance
|
|
Not permitted in
closed periods for those in the Blackout Group. |
|
Yes
Compliance Officer |
|
|
Yes
Compliance
|
|
1) Open market purchases/sales - Pre-clearance to deal is required from Compliance, no dealing is permitted during close periods for those in the Blackout Group. Details of closed periods are posted to the intranet site by Company Secretarial.
2) Employee Stock Options (a) exercise/same day sale - authorisation of the Option is granted by Company Secretarial Department and signed by Trustees of the Scheme.
3) Employee Stock Options (b) exercise/take possession/subsequent day sale - same as above, except that individual would pay for the shares and pay tax. The stock would then be lodged in the Employee share service arrangement - then if subsequent disposal was sought the normal pre-clearance process would apply (pre-clearance from Compliance - no dealing during closed periods for Blackout Group members).
4) Stock Grants (Global Stock Plans) - Awards made yearly, stock would be purchased through Company Secretarial and held for three years. After three years elect to keep the shares or distribute - stock would be transferred to Employee share service arrangement with normal pre-clearance/closed period requirements.
5) Employees who receive IVZ stock when their company is purchased by IVZ - stock distribution as part of the transaction to buy the Company concerned. Stock would be issued to the individual concerned and, depending on the terms of the deal, may be required to be held for a period. Stock would be transferred into the Employee share service, and subject to terms of the Company deal would then follow normal pre-clearance/close period guidelines.
6) Restricted Stock Awards - similar to stock grants as above - except tax not paid initially - pre-clearance from Compliance and closed period restrictions apply.
7) Transactions in IVZ stock via a pension plan - Transaction no different to open market purchases - pre-clearance required, dealing in closed periods not allowed.
8) Sharesave - If Sharesave is exercised then stock would be placed into Employee share service arrangement. Then if individual sells they go through normal pre-clearance and closed period process. Special rules may be brought in at share save anniversary dates. These will be communicated as appropriate.
10) Invesco Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) - payroll deduction contributions or purchases into the ESPP do not require pre-clearance but all sale transactions do require pre-clearance. Employees who are not subject to a blackout period are allowed to sell the IVZ shares immediately they are available to sell. The 60 day holding period does not apply to such sales.
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 27 of 29 |
APPENDIX C
Personal Account Dealing Guidance Overview
Investment / transaction type |
60 day holding period * |
Pre- Clearance |
Post- event Reporting |
Exempt |
Not Allowed |
|||||
ANY deliberate transactions (buys or sells) in Covered Securities of any type including: Equities, Options, Fixed Income, Venture Capital Funds, IVZ shares**, ETFs etc. | x | x | ||||||||
IVZ funds/products including PowerShares ETFs | x | x | ||||||||
Privately issued investment securities/hedge funds | x | x | ||||||||
Independent Non-Executive Directors: Personal Investment Transactions in IVZ Ltd. shares & products. | x | x | ||||||||
Government and local authority debt (non-OECD country) | x | x | ||||||||
Independent Non-Executive Directors: Personal Investment Transactions in non- IVZ shares & funds | x | x | ||||||||
Undirected/Automatic transactions or movements | x | x | ||||||||
Non-IVZ Collective Investment Schemes (excluding ETFs) | x | |||||||||
OECD debt (e.g. US treasury bills) | x | |||||||||
Financial Spread betting *** | x | |||||||||
Initial Public Offerings*** | x | |||||||||
Futures/Short Sales | x |
Note: in all cases, unless exempt, contract notes confirming the trades must be provided to Compliance in a timely manner. Pre-trade approval is valid for that day only.
* | An exemption might be granted but if so, profits cannot be retained |
** | May be subject to a close period |
*** | Apply for an exemption within the pre-trade authorisation process |
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 28 of 29 |
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX D INVESCO PRE-CLEARANCE OF PERSONAL TRADE AUTHORISATION FORM N.B. UK Employess with access to STAR must use STAR for preclearance. EMEA Ex UK Employees are encouraged to use STAR but can use this form if desired. PLEASE ENSURE YOU HAVE OPENED THIS FORM WITH MACROS ENABLED Section A STEP 1 PLEASE COMPLETE THIS SECTION : Permission is sought to: Type of Security: Please state the Name of Company / Fund Stock ID (ISIN etc: ) Please Date of Request: Name of Broker Office to-date Account Number Name of Beneficial Owner: Address of Beneficial Owner: Amount of transaction: Shares or currency: PLEASE COMPLETE THIS SECTION FULLY BY PUTTING AN X IN ONLY ONE OF THE BOXES BELOW AND THEN PRESSING THE ENTER BUTTON ON YOUR KEYPAD. THE NOTE BELOW THE BOXES WILL THEN TELL YOU WHAT TO DO NEXT This is a transaction in a Venture Capital Trust (VCT) or an Invesco/Invesco affiliated fund or a transaction in Invesco shares This a transaction in a non-Invesco affiliated fund This is a transaction which is not listed in the above two options (e.g. Investment Trusts; Ordinary shares etc.. ) PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE FOR GUIDANCE I have read the Invesco Code of Ethics relevant to my region and believe to the best of my knowledge that the proposed trade (s) fully comply with the requirements of the Code. Name of Employee: Date: here to view the INVESCO UK and EMEA ex UK Code of Ethics (If you click link press the enter button on returning to form) STEP 2: COMPLETE EITHER SECTION B OR C BELOW AS INSTRUCTED ABOVE AND READ INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY Section BVenture Capital Trusts(VCTs); Affiliated funds (Complete this section if directed by Section A above. ) Step 3: Answer the questions below. If you are unable to change the answers to N please press the enter button and try again. If this does not work then you may not have enabled macros when opening the form and you should close the form and start again. 1 I certify that I do not possess material nonpublic information regarding this security and its issuer, nor am I aware of any recent trading Yes No activity in this security on behalf of clients. 2 Have you or any account covered by the pre-authorisation provisions of the Code purchased or sold these securities (or equivalent securities) in the prior 60 days? Yes No Step 4 E-mail to:*UK- Compliance Personal Share Dealing, Date: Time: Compliance Step 5: Compliance will review and revert by e-mail. You can now trade. The trade must be completed by the end of the business day from the date of this confirmation. For UK staff please ensure copy contract notes are forwarded to Kim McLaren. For EMEA ex UK contract notes should be provided to *EMEA (ex UK)Compliance PSD Manual Process. Section CEquity, Bonds, Warrants etc Step 3: Answer the questions below. If you are unable to change the answers to N please press the enter button and try again. If this does not work then you may not have enabled macros when opening the form and you should close the form and start again. 1 Do you, or to your knowledge does anyone at Invesco, possess material non-public information regarding the security or the issuer of Yes No the security? 2 To your knowledge are the securities (or equivalent securities) being considered, for purchase or sale by one or more accounts managed by Yes No Invesco? 3 Have you or any account covered by the pre-authorisation provisions of the Code purchased or sold these securities (or equivalent securities) Yes No in the prior 60 days? 4 Are the securities being acquired in an initial public offering? Yes No 5 Are the securities being acquired in a private placement? If so, please complete the Private Placement form which can be obtained from the Yes No Compliance Department. STEP 4: UK employees to e-mail to *UK- Compliance Personal Share Dealing, Compliance are signing off to confirm that the securities in question have not been traded in the last three days (unless the deal is <500 shares and a main index constituent) or up to (€70,000 of par value for Fixed income and a main index constituent) and there are no outstanding orders. STEP 5: Compliance will approve or reject items back to the applicant. Compliance Compliance sign off is given for securities deals based on a review of your responses in Section 3 indicating that there would be no breach of Invescos fiduciary duty by the trade being executed and evidencing compliance review of personal trading restrictions as outlined in the Code of Ethics. Step 6: Once authorisation has been received from Compliance you can place the trade by the end of business day without further approval. UK staff must provide a copy of the contract note to Kim McLaren, Compliance Department, Henley. EMEA ex UK staff must provide copy contract notes to *EMEA (ex UK)Compliance PSD Manual Process. AUTHORITY TO DEAL This is to confirm that authorisation has been given today to the above application to acquire/dispose of the above amount of shares/bonds/options etc. This consent shall remain valid until the end of the business day from the date of this authority letter and the transaction must be completed within this time period. As a condition of this consent the Company reserves the right to its withdrawal if circumstances arise, prior to your effecting this transaction, thatwould then make it inappropriate for you to enter into this transaction. You are required to ensure that a copy of the contract note evidencing the transaction is forwarded to the relevant Compliance department in a timely manner. This authorisation is given subject to the Invesco Code of Ethics relevant to your region. 29.09.2015 Invesco assures that the confidentiality standards and data protection requirements of the country of origin are maintained. It also assures that all information regarding employees requests for trading remains confidential and are handled by authorised personnel only.
2016 Code of Ethics EMEA (ex UK) Page 29 of 29 |
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.
Policies and Procedures
Code of Ethics Policy
Policy Owner: | Compliance, Management | |
Policy Approver: | Compliance | |
Version: | 1.15 | |
Last Review Date: | June 1, 2015 | |
Next Review Date: | June 1, 2016 | |
Review Frequency: | Annual and as needed | |
Applicable Authority: | Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 | |
Policy Cross References: |
Invesco Ltd. Code of Conduct, Invesco Insider Trading Policies; Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, Invesco Advisers, Inc. Political Contributions Policy; ISSM Advertising and Marketing Policy, Information Wall and Material Non-Public Information Policy, Political Contributions Policy, and Gifts and Entertainment Policy |
Overview
In our efforts to ensure that Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. (ISSM) develops and maintains a reputation for integrity and high ethical standards, it is essential not only that ISSM and its employees comply with relevant federal and state securities laws, but also that we maintain high standards of personal and professional conduct. The ISSM Code of Ethics (the Code) is designed to help ensure that we conduct our business consistent with these high standards.
The policies and procedures set forth in the Code apply to all employees of the firm. Failure to comply with the Code may result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment.
ISSM holds to the following principles:
| We are fiduciaries. Our duty is at all times to place the interests of our Clients first. |
| All personal securities transactions will be conducted in such a manner as to be consistent with the Code and to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an employees position of trust and responsibility. |
| No employee should take inappropriate advantage of their position. |
| The fiduciary principle that information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of any Client is confidential. |
This policy is the property of Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and may not be provided to any external party without express prior consent from Compliance or Legal. |
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Standards of Business Conduct
In adherence to Invescos Code of Conduct, all Invesco employees must comply with all applicable federal and state securities laws. Employees are not permitted, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired by a Client:
| To defraud such Client in any manner; |
| To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon such a Client; |
| To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such Client; or |
| To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation. |
Conflicts of Interest
As a fiduciary, ISSM has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interests of its Clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by avoiding conflicts of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any Client. Employees should try to avoid any situation that has even the appearance of conflict or impropriety.
Personal Securities Transactions
All access persons are required to comply with Invescos policies and procedures regarding personal securities transactions. Information concerning the identity of security holdings and all material nonpublic information related to the holdings of Clients is confidential. Employees are prohibited from disclosing to persons outside the firm any material nonpublic information about any Client, the investments made by the firm on behalf of Clients, and information regarding the firms trading strategies, except as required to effectuate securities transactions on behalf of a client or for other legitimate business purposes.
Refer to ISSMs Information Wall and Material Non-Public Information Policy and Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Code of Ethics for specific requirements.
Gifts and Entertainment
A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interests of employees interfere or could potentially interfere with their responsibilities to the firm and its clients. The overriding principle is that supervised persons should not accept inappropriate gifts, favors,
This policy is the property of Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and may not be provided to any external party without express prior consent from Compliance or Legal. |
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entertainment, special accommodations, or other things of material value that could influence their decision-making or make them feel beholden to a person or firm. Similarly, supervised persons should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden to the firm or the supervised person.
Refer to the ISSM Gifts and Entertainment Policy for more detailed guidelines.
Political Contributions
ISSM recognizes that various laws and regulations impact the ability of ISSM and its employees to make political contributions in certain circumstances. ISSM seeks to comply with the prohibitions of Rule 206(4)-5 under the Advisers Act (the SEC Pay to Play Rule). ISSM also seeks to comply with all other laws that may restrict or prohibit ISSM or its employees from making certain political contributions.
Refer to the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Political Contributions Policy for more detailed guidelines.
Board of Directors
Because of the high potential for conflicts of interest and insider trading problems, investment personnel may not serve on the boards of directors of any public companies without previous approval from the IVZ Global Code of Ethics Team. If the outside business activity is approved, the employee must recuse himself or herself from making Client investment decisions concerning the particular company or issuer as appropriate, provided that this recusal requirement shall not apply with respect to certain employees that serve on corporate boards as a result of, or in connection with, Client investments made in those companies.
Marketing and Promotional Activities
All oral and written statements, including those made to clients, prospective clients, their representatives, or the media must be professional, accurate, balanced, and not misleading in any way. Any promotional materials must be pre-approved.
Refer to the ISSM Advertising and Marketing Policy for specific guidelines.
This policy is the property of Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and may not be provided to any external party without express prior consent from Compliance or Legal. |
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Other Outside Activities
Employees are prohibited from engaging in outside business or investment activities that may interfere with their duties with the firm. Outside business affiliations, including directorships of private companies, consulting engagements, or public/charitable positions must be approved in writing by the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).
Fiduciary Appointments
Approval must be obtained from the CCO before accepting an executorships, trusteeship, or power of attorney, other than with respect to a family member. Fiduciary appointments on behalf of family members must be disclosed at the inception of the relationship.
Disclosure
Employees should disclose any personal interest that might present a conflict of interest or harm the reputation of the firm.
Reporting Violations
ISSM appointed Lisa L. Gray as its CCO. All references to the CCO in this policy or other ISSM policies refer to Lisa L. Gray. All employees are required to report any material violation of the firms Code promptly to the CCO.
Confidentiality
All reports of potential Code breaches will be treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law and investigated promptly and appropriately. Reports may not be submitted anonymously.
Sanctions
Any violations of this ISSM and the broader Invesco Code of Ethics will result in disciplinary action that a designated person deems appropriate, including but not limited to, a warning, fines, disgorgement, suspension, demotion, or termination of employment. In addition to sanctions, violations may result in referral to civil or criminal authorities where appropriate.
This policy is the property of Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and may not be provided to any external party without express prior consent from Compliance or Legal. |
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Definitions
Access Person - an access person is any one that may have access to client information.
Supervised Person - includes directors, officers, and partners of the firm, employees of the firm, and any other person who provides advice on behalf of the adviser and is subject to the advisers supervision and control.
Covered Securities - Any stock, bond, future, investment contract or any other instrument that is considered a security under the Investment Advisers Act. Covered securities do not include:
| Direct obligations of the US Government (e.g., treasury securities); |
| Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements; |
| Shares issued by money market funds; |
| Shares of open-end mutual funds that are not advised or sub-advised by Invesco Ltd. or any of its affiliates; |
| Shares issued by unit investment trusts. |
This policy is the property of Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc. and may not be provided to any external party without express prior consent from Compliance or Legal. |
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Invesco Advisers, Inc.
CODE OF ETHICS
January 1, 2017
Code of Ethics | 1 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section |
Item |
Page | ||||||||||||||
I. | Introduction | 3 | ||||||||||||||
II. | Statement of Fiduciary Principles | 3 | ||||||||||||||
III. | Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations | 4 | ||||||||||||||
IV. | Limits on Personal Investing | 4 | ||||||||||||||
A. Personal Investing | 4 | |||||||||||||||
1 | Pre-clearance of Personal Securities Transactions | 4 | ||||||||||||||
2 | Blackout Period | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| De Minimis Exemptions | 6 | ||||||||||||||
3 | Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits | 7 | ||||||||||||||
4 | Initial Public Offerings | 7 | ||||||||||||||
5 | Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel | 7 | ||||||||||||||
6 | Restricted List Securities | 8 | ||||||||||||||
7 | Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance | 8 | ||||||||||||||
8 | Covered Account Requirements | 8 | ||||||||||||||
9 | Private Securities Transactions | 8 | ||||||||||||||
10 | Limited Investment Opportunity | 9 | ||||||||||||||
11 | Excessive Short-Term Trading in Funds | 9 | ||||||||||||||
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities | 9 | |||||||||||||||
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities | 10 | |||||||||||||||
1 | Outside Business Activities | 10 | ||||||||||||||
2 | Gifts and Entertainment | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| Gifts | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| Entertainment | 10 | ||||||||||||||
3 | U.S. Department of Labor Reporting | 11 | ||||||||||||||
D. Parallel Investing Permitted | 11 | |||||||||||||||
V. | Reporting Requirements | 11 | ||||||||||||||
a. | Initial Holdings Reports | 11 | ||||||||||||||
b. | Quarterly Transaction Reports | 12 | ||||||||||||||
c. | Annual Holdings Reports | 13 | ||||||||||||||
d. | Gifts and Entertainment Reporting | 13 | ||||||||||||||
e. | Certification of Compliance | 13 | ||||||||||||||
VI. | Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues | 13 | ||||||||||||||
VII. | Administration of the Code of Ethics | 14 | ||||||||||||||
VIII. | Sanctions | 14 | ||||||||||||||
IX. | Exceptions to the Code | 14 | ||||||||||||||
X. | Definitions | 14 | ||||||||||||||
XI. | Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures | 17 | ||||||||||||||
XII. | Code of Ethics Contacts | 17 |
Code of Ethics | 2 |
Invesco Advisers, Inc.
CODE OF ETHICS
(Originally adopted February 29, 2008; Amended effective January 1, 2017)
I. Introduction
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has a fiduciary relationship with respect to each portfolio under management. The interests of Clients and of the shareholders of investment company Clients take precedence over the personal interests of Covered Persons (defined below). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined are defined at the end of this document.
This Code of Ethics (the Code) applies to Invesco Advisers, Inc., Invesco Advisers, Incs. affiliated Broker-dealers (Invesco Distributors, Inc. and Invesco Capital Markets, Inc.), all Invesco Affiliated Mutual Funds, and all of their Covered Persons. Covered Persons include:
| any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommendations, or obtains information concerning investment recommendations, with respect to such purchase or sale of Covered Securities; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations, or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc.; |
| all Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd.; and |
| any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act) or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be deemed to be Covered Persons by Compliance. |
Invesco Funds have created a separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds. Independent Trustees are not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics. Trustees who are not Independent Trustees and are not Employees of Invesco are also not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, but must report his or her securities holdings, transactions, and accounts as required in the separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual funds.
II. Statement of Fiduciary Principles
The following fiduciary principles govern Covered Persons:
| the interests of Clients and shareholders of investment company Clients must be placed first at all times and Covered Persons must not take inappropriate advantage of his or her positions; and |
Code of Ethics | 3 |
| all personal securities transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in a manner to avoid any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility; and |
| this Code is our effort to address conflicts of interest that may arise in the ordinary course of our business and does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. This Code does not necessarily shield Covered Persons from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to Clients and shareholders of investment company Clients. |
III. Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations; Reporting of Violations
All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable state and federal securities laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of laws or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. Additional methods of reporting potential violations or compliance issues are described in Section VI. of this Code under Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues.
IV. Limits on Personal Investing
A. Personal Investing
1. Pre-clearance of Personal Security Transactions . All Covered Persons must pre-clear with Compliance, using the automated review system, all personal security transactions involving Covered Securities in which they have a Beneficial Interest unless otherwise indicated below. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements.
Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval. Good-until-cancelled orders (GTCs) are not allowed.
Additionally, all Covered Persons must pre-clear personal securities transactions involving Covered Securities over which they have discretion. For example, if a Covered Person is directing the transactions for a friend or family member (regardless of whether they share the same household) all transactions in Covered Securities must be pre-cleared.
Covered Securities include, but are not limited to, all investments that can be traded by an Invesco Advisers, Inc. entity for its Clients, including, but not limited to, stocks, bonds, municipal bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end mutual funds, and any of their derivatives such as options and futures. All Invesco Affiliated Mutual Funds (including both open-end and closed-end funds) and Invesco PowerShares ETFs are considered Covered Securities.
All transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities must be pre-cleared. Please refer to section IV.B for additional guidelines on Invesco Ltd. securities. Any transaction in a previous employers company stock that is
Code of Ethics | 4 |
obtained through an employee benefit plan or company stock fund held in an external retirement plan requires pre-clearance.
The Following Pre-clearance Exemptions Apply :
Invesco Affiliated OpenEnd Mutual Funds : All Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds must be held with an Approved Broker, at the Affiliated Mutual Funds transfer agent, in the CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan, or in the Invesco 401(k). Pre-clearance is not required for transactions in Affiliated Funds as long as the shares are held in compliance with this requirement.
CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan : All transactions in the CollegeBound 529 Savings Plan are exempt from pre-clearance.
Exchange Traded Products : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing broad-based Exchange Traded Products such as Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) and Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs) as described on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List , and any derivatives of these securities such as options. All Invesco PowerShares ETFs and ETFs not listed on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List must be pre-cleared .
Currencies, commodities : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in currencies and commodities.
Options, futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities : Employees are exempt from pre-clearing transactions in derivatives of an index of securities, currencies and commodities.
All Covered Securities are still subject to requirements and limits on personal investing as described in Section IV. and V. of the Code, irrespective of whether pre-clearance is required.
Exempted Securities:
Covered Securities do not include shares of money market funds, U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit or shares of open-end mutual funds not advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. Unit investment trusts, including those advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., are not Covered Securities. However, this definition shall not apply to any series of the PowerShares QQQ Trust or the BLDRS Index Fund Trust. (Please refer to the Definitions section of this Code for more information on the term, Covered Security.)
If you are unclear about whether a proposed transaction involves a Covered Security, contact Compliance via email at codeofethicsnorthamerica@invesco.com or by phone at 1-877-331-CODE [1-877-331-2633] prior to executing the transaction.
Compliance will consider the following factors, among others, in determining whether or not pre-clearance approval will be provided. Please note that you must obtain pre-clearance even if you believe your transactions request satisfies the criteria below. The automated review system will review personal trade requests from Covered Persons based on the following considerations:
2. Blackout Period . Invesco Advisers, Inc. does not permit Covered Persons to trade in a Covered Security if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account.
Code of Ethics | 5 |
| Non-Investment Personnel. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
| Investment Personnel. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security. |
| may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk. |
For practical purposes, an Employee without knowledge of investment activity of a Client account would not know of such activity in advance of a Client trade. Therefore, for those Employees, trading with pre-clearance approval granted prior to a Client transaction will not be considered a violation of this Code of Ethics. Compliance will review personal securities transactions to identify potential conflicts in which there is an appearance that such an Employee could have traded while he or she was aware of upcoming Client transactions. If a potential conflict exists, this would be considered a violation of the blackout period required by this Code of Ethics.
De Minimis Exemptions . Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Persons proposed personal securities transaction:
| Equity de minimis exemptions . |
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the Russell 1000 Index or any of the main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link: |
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/De%20Minimis%20Indices%20List.pdf
| If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular equity security, he or she may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30 day period provided that there is no conflicting Client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day. |
| Fixed income de minimis exemption . If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of Client trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she |
Code of Ethics | 6 |
may execute up to $100,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period. |
The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the blackout period is the last three trading days. For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have potential access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction. Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.
Any failure to pre-clear transactions is a violation of the Code and will be subject to the following potential sanctions:
| A Letter of Education will be provided to any Covered Person whose failure to pre-clear is considered immaterial or inadvertent. |
| Deliberate failures to pre-clear transactions, as well as repeat and/or material violations, may result in in-person training, probation, withdrawal of personal trading privileges or employment termination, depending on the nature and severity of the violations. |
3. Prohibition of Short-Term Trading Profits . Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in the purchase and sale, or short sale and cover of the same Covered Security within 60 days at a profit. If a Covered Person trades a Covered Security within the 60 day time frame, any profit from the trade will be disgorged to a charity of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s choice and a letter of education may be issued to the Covered Person. Transactions in currencies, commodities and derivatives (such as options and futures) based on an index of securities, currencies, and commodities are exempt from the 60 day holding period. This exemption does not apply to derivatives of individual securities. Disgorgement amounts must represent the full amount of the profits received and are not adjusted to account for taxes or related fees.
4. Initial Public Offerings . Covered Persons are prohibited from directly or indirectly acquiring Beneficial Interest of any security in an equity Initial Public Offering. Exceptions will only be granted in unusual circumstances and must be recommended by Compliance and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel (or designee) and the Chief Investment Officer (or designee) of the Covered Persons business unit.
5. Prohibition of Short Sales by Investment Personnel . Investment Personnel are prohibited from effecting short sales of Covered Securities in his or her personal accounts if a Client of Invesco Advisers, Inc. for whose account they have investment management responsibility has a long position in those Covered Securities.
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6. Prohibition on Investment Clubs . Participation in a club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited.
7. Restricted List Securities. Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest.
8. Other Criteria Considered in Pre-clearance. In spite of adhering to the requirements specified throughout this section, Compliance, in keeping with the general principles and objectives of the Code, may refuse to grant pre-clearance of a Personal Securities Transaction in its sole discretion without being required to specify any reason for the refusal.
9. Covered Account Requirements.
a. US Approved Brokers:
The following link, posted on the Invesco intranet site, includes a list of US Approved Brokers. These brokers provide electronic transaction and statement feeds to Invesco Advisers, Inc.:
http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE-NA/Training/Documents/Approved%20Discount%20Broker%20List.pdf
b. US Brokerage Account may only be held with::
| US Approved Brokers; |
| Full service broker-dealers, that are not a US Approved Broker, with which a Covered Person has engaged an investment advisor; or in limited circumstances, |
| Qualified retirement plans (such as external 401(k)s, 403(b)s, etc.) or other similar accounts that Covered Persons are not legally able to transfer. |
Note: Accounts in which all trading is completed online and without a financial advisor, called a discount brokerage account, must be held with an Approved Broker.
Covered Persons located outside of the US are not subject to US Approved Broker requirements.
c. US Open End Affiliated Mutual Funds may only be held through:
| US Approved Brokers; |
| The Invesco CollegeBound 529 Plan; or |
| Invescos transfer agency, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. |
d. Discretionary Managed Accounts. In order to establish a discretionary managed account, a Covered Person must grant the manager complete investment discretion over a
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Covered Persons account. Pre-clearance is not required for trades in this account; however, a Covered Person may not participate, directly or indirectly, in individual investment decisions or be aware of such decisions before transactions are executed. This restriction does not preclude a Covered Person from establishing investment guidelines for the manager, such as indicating industries in which a Covered Person desires to invest, the types of securities a Covered Person wants to purchase or a Covered Persons overall investment objectives. However, those guidelines may not be changed so frequently as to give the appearance that a Covered Person is actually directing account investments. Covered Persons must receive approval from Compliance to establish and maintain such an account and must provide written evidence that complete investment discretion over the account has been turned over to a professional money manager or other third party. Covered Persons are not required to pre-clear or list transactions for such managed accounts in the automated review system; however, Covered Persons with these types of accounts must provide an annual certification that they do not exercise direct or indirect control over the managed accounts.
10. Private Securities Transactions . Covered Persons may not engage in a Private Securities Transaction without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and indicating whether or not they will receive compensation and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Investment Personnel who have been approved to acquire securities of an issuer in a Private Securities Transaction must disclose that investment to Compliance and the Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Personnels business unit when they are involved in a Clients subsequent consideration of an investment in the same issuer. The business units decision to purchase such securities on behalf of Client account must be independently reviewed by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in that issuer.
11. Limited Investment Opportunity (e.g. private placements, hedge funds, etc.) . Covered Persons may not engage in a limited investment opportunity without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance. Limited investment opportunities offered directly from Invesco to employees are not subject to pre-clearance requirements, including but not limited to, the Invesco Real Estate ESCs and WLR funds. All Limited investment opportunities are subject to the reporting requirements outlined in section V below.
12. Excessive Short Term Trading in Funds . Employees are prohibited from excessive short term trading of any mutual fund advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. and are subject to various limitations outlined in the respective prospectus and other fund disclosure documents.
B. Invesco Ltd. Securities
1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.
2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltds securities, on an exchange or any other organized market.
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3. For all Covered Persons, transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to black-out periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.
4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section IV.A.8 of this Code.
C. Limitations on Other Personal Activities
1. Outside Business Activities . Employees may not engage in any outside business activity, regardless of whether or not he or she receives compensation, without prior approval from Compliance. Absent prior written approval of Compliance, Employees may not serve as directors, officers, or employees of unaffiliated public or private companies, whether for profit or non-profit. If the outside business activity is approved, the Employee must recuse himself or herself from making Client investment decisions concerning the particular company or issuer as appropriate, provided that this recusal requirement shall not apply with respect to certain Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees, who may serve on corporate boards as a result of, or in connection with, Client investments made in those companies. Employees must always comply with all applicable Invesco Ltd. policies and procedures, including those prohibiting the use of material non-public information in Client or employee personal securities transactions.
2. Gift and Entertainment . The Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy includes specific conditions under which Employees may accept or give Gifts or Entertainment. Where there are conflicts between a minimal standard established by a policy of Invesco Ltd. and the standards established by a policy of Invesco Advisers, Inc., including this Code, the latter shall control.
To avoid the appearance of any potential conflict of interest, under no circumstances may an Employee:
| Give or accept Gifts or Entertainment that may be considered excessive either in dollar value or frequency; |
| Give or accept cash or any possible cash equivalent from a broker or vendor; |
| Reimburse Business Partners for the cost of tickets that would be considered excessive or for travel related expenses without approval of Compliance; or |
| Provide or receive any Gift or Entertainment that is conditioned upon Invesco Advisers, Inc., its parents or affiliates doing business with the other entity or person involved. |
| Gifts . Employees are prohibited from accepting or giving the following: a Gift valued in excess of annual FINRA limits; or Gifts from one person or firm valued in excess of annual FINRA limits in the aggregate during a calendar year period. |
| Entertainment . Examples of Entertainment that may be considered excessive in value include Super Bowls, the Masters, Wimbledon, Kentucky Derby, hunting trips, ski trips, etc. An occasional sporting event, golf outing or concert when accompanied by the Business Partner may not be excessive. |
Code of Ethics | 10 |
Employees who are unsure if an event would be permissible should contact compliance prior to attending to confirm if the event would be considered excessive.
3. U.S. Department of Labor Reporting: Under current U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) Regulations, Invesco Advisers, Inc. is required to disclose to the DOL certain specified financial dealings with a union or officer, agent, shop steward, employee, or other representative of a union (collectively referred to as union officials). Under the Regulations, practically any gift or entertainment furnished by Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees to a union or union official is considered a payment reportable to the DOL.
Although the Regulations provide for a de minimis exemption from the reporting requirements for payments made to a union or union official that do not exceed $250 a year, that threshold applies to all of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Employees in the aggregate with respect to each union or union official. Therefore, it is Invesco Advisers, Inc.s policy to require that ALL Gifts or Entertainment furnished by an Employee, regardless of whether the gift is given to a union or union official, be reported to Invesco Advisers, Inc. using the Invesco Advisers, Inc., Finance Departments expense tracking application, Oracle E-Business Suite or any other application deployed for that purpose which has the capability to capture all the required details of the payment. In addition to reporting the Gift or Entertainment in the expense tracking system, Covered Persons must also follow department guidelines for reporting requirements in other systems. Each item reported must include the name of the recipient, union affiliation, address, amount of payment, date of payment, purpose and circumstance of payment, including the terms of any oral agreement or understanding pursuant to which the payment was made.
Invesco Advisers, Inc. is obligated to report on an annual basis all payments, subject to the de minimis exemption, to the DOL on Form LM-10 Employer Report.
Covered Persons should contact Compliance if clarification is required regarding reporting requirements for payments to a union or union official. A failure to report a payment required to be disclosed will be considered a material violation of this Code. The DOL also requires all unions and union officials to report payments they receive from entities such as Invesco Advisers, Inc. and their Employees.
D. Parallel Investing Permitted
Subject to the provisions of this Code, Employees may invest in or own the same securities as those acquired or sold by Invesco Advisers, Inc. for its Clients.
V. Reporting Requirements
a. Initial Holdings Reports . Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by inputting into the automated pre-clearance system, Star Compliance, the following information (the information must be current within 45 days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person):
|
A list of all security holdings, including the security name, the number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the Covered Person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family |
Code of Ethics | 11 |
sharing the same household (i.e., a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements;
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the Covered Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
b. Quarterly Transaction Reports . All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions during the quarter in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest:
| The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security; |
| The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.); |
| The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions made through an limited investment opportunity, Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan or similar plans and transactions in Covered Securities held in the Invesco 401(k) or accounts held directly with Invesco in the Quarterly Transaction Report.
Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person (including Covered Securities held in a 401(k) or other retirement vehicle, including plans sponsored by Invesco Advisers, Inc. or its affiliates). The report shall include:
| The date the account was established; |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
Code of Ethics | 12 |
Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.
c. Annual Holdings Reports . All Covered Persons must report annually the following information, which must be current within 45 days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance:
| A list of all security holdings, including the security name, the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest; |
| The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.); |
| The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held; and |
| The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance. |
d. Gifts and Entertainment Reporting.
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given to an Invesco Employee by a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment received by an Employee must be reported through the automated pre-clearance system within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt of the Gift or the attendance of the Entertainment event. The requirement to report Entertainment includes dinners or any other event with a business partner of Invesco Advisers, Inc. in attendance. |
| Reporting of Gifts and Entertainment given by an Invesco Employee to a Client or Business Partner. All Gifts and Entertainment given by an Employee must be reported through the reporting requirements of the Employees business unit. All Employees should contact his or her manager or Compliance if they are not sure how to report gifts they intend to give or have given to a Client or Business Partner. |
e. Certification of Compliance. All Covered Persons must certify annually in writing that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. In addition, all Covered Persons must certify in writing annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved by Invesco Advisers, Inc. and the relevant funds boards. All Covered Persons must certify in writing within 30 days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code.
VI. Reporting of Potential Compliance Issues
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has created several channels for Employees to raise compliance issues and concerns on a confidential basis. An Employee should first discuss a compliance issue with his or her
Code of Ethics | 13 |
supervisor, department head or with Invesco Advisers, Inc.s General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. Human Resources matters should be directed to the Human Resources Department, an additional anonymous vehicle for reporting such concerns.
In the event that an Employee does not feel comfortable discussing compliance issues through normal channels, the Employee may anonymously report suspected violations of law or Invesco policy, including this Code, by calling the toll-free Invesco Whistleblower Hotline at 1-855-234-9780. This hotline is available to employees of multiple operating units of Invesco Ltd. Employees may also report his or her concerns by visiting the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline website at: www.invesco.ethicspoint.com . To ensure your confidentiality, the phone line and website are provided by an independent company and available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. All submissions to the Invesco Whistleblower Hotline will be reviewed and handled in a prompt, fair and discreet manner. Employees are encouraged to report these questionable practices so that Invesco has an opportunity to address and resolve these issues before they become more significant regulatory or legal issues.
VII. Administration of the Code of Ethics
Invesco Advisers, Inc. has used reasonable diligence to institute procedures reasonably necessary to prevent violations of this Code.
No less frequently than annually, Invesco Advisers, Inc. will furnish to the Affiliated Mutual Funds Boards of Trustees a written report that:
| describes significant issues arising under the Code since the last report to the funds board, including information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations; and |
| certifies that Invesco Advisers, Inc. has adopted procedures reasonably designed to prevent Covered Persons from violating the Code. |
VIII. Sanctions
Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial.
Invesco Advisers, Inc. may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the personal security transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.
IX. Exceptions to the Code
Invesco Advisers, Inc.s Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) may grant an exception to any provision in this Code.
X. Definitions
| Affiliated Mutual Funds generally includes all open-end or closed-end mutual funds advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
Code of Ethics | 14 |
| Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan means a program in which regular purchases or sales are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, including dividend reinvestment plans. |
| Beneficial Interest has the same meaning as the ownership interest of a beneficial owner pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 34 Act). To have a Beneficial Interest, Covered Persons must have directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, have or share a direct or indirect pecuniary interest, which is the opportunity to profit directly or indirectly from a transaction in securities. Thus a Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household (i.e. a spouse or equivalent domestic partner, children, etc.) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
| Client means any account for which Invesco Advisers, Inc. is either the adviser or sub-adviser including Affiliated Mutual Funds. |
| Control has the same meaning as under Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act. |
| Covered Person means and includes: |
| any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any of Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties: makes, participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making investment recommendations, or obtains information concerning investment recommendations, with respect to such purchase or sale of Covered Securities; or has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
| all Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd. |
| any other persons falling within the definition of Access Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 , as amended (the Investment Company Act) or Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and such other persons that may be so deemed to be Covered Persons by Compliance. |
Invesco Funds have created a separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds. Independent Trustees are not Covered Persons under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics. Trustees who are not Independent Trustees and are not Employees of Invesco are also not Covered Person under the Invesco Advisers, Inc. Code of Ethics, but must report his or her securities holdings, transactions, and accounts as required in the separate Code of Ethics for Trustees of the Affiliated Mutual Funds.
| Covered Security means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act except that it does not include the following: |
Code of Ethics | 15 |
| Direct obligations of the Government of the United States or its agencies; |
| Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; |
| Any open-end mutual fund not advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. All Affiliated Mutual Funds shall be considered Covered Securities regardless of whether they are advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc.; |
| Any unit investment trust, including unit investment trusts advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. However, this definition shall not apply to any series of the PowerShares QQQ Trust or the BLDRS Index Fund Trust; |
| Invesco Ltd. stock because it is subject to the provisions of Invesco Ltd.s Code of Conduct. Notwithstanding this exception, transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities are subject to all the pre-clearance and reporting requirements outlined in other provisions of this Code and any other corporate guidelines issued by Invesco Ltd. |
| Employee means and includes: |
| Any full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates that, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in, or obtains any information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities or who is involved in making or obtains information concerning investment recommendations with respect to such purchase or sales of Covered Securities; or who has access to non-public information concerning any Clients purchase or sale of Covered Securities, access to non-public securities recommendations or access to non-public information concerning portfolio holdings of any portfolio advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
| All Employees of Invesco Ltd. located in the United States who are not covered by the Code of Ethics of a registered investment advisory affiliate of Invesco Ltd. |
| Any other persons falling within the definitions of Access Person or Advisory Person under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act or Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act and such other persons that may be deemed to be an Employee by Compliance. |
| Gifts, Entertainment and Business Partner have the same meaning as provided in the Invesco Ltd. Gifts and Entertainment Policy. |
| Independent Trustee means a Trustee who is not an interested person within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act. |
| Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the 34 Act. |
| Invesco Advisers, Inc.s -affiliated Broker-dealer means Invesco Distributors, Inc. or Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. or their successors. |
Code of Ethics | 16 |
| Investment Personnel means any full or part time Employee of Invesco Advisers, Inc. or any full or part time Employee of any Invesco Advisers, Inc.s affiliates who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by Clients or any natural person who Controls a Client or an investment adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client as defined in Rule 17j-1. |
| Non-Investment Personnel means any Employee that does not meet the definition of Investment Personnel as listed above. |
| Private Securities Transaction means any securities transaction relating to new offerings of securities which are not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, provided however that transactions subject to the notification requirements of Rule 3050 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authoritys (FINRA) Conduct Rules, transactions among immediate family members (as defined in the interpretation of the FINRA Board of Governors on free-riding and withholding) for which no associated person receives any selling compensation, and personal securities transactions in investment company and variable annuity securities shall be excluded. |
| Restricted List Securities means the list of securities that are provided to the Compliance Department by Invesco Ltd. or investment departments, which include those securities that are restricted from purchase or sale by Client or Employee accounts for various reasons (e.g., large concentrated ownership positions that may trigger reporting or other securities regulatory issues, or possession of material, non-public information, or existence of corporate transaction in the issuer involving an Invesco Ltd. unit). |
| Trustee means any member of the Board of Trustees for an open-end or closed-end mutual fund advised or sub-advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. |
XI. Invesco Ltd. Policies and Procedures
All Employees are subject to the policies and procedures established by Invesco Ltd., including the Code of Conduct, Insider Trading Policy, Political Contributions Policy and Gift and Entertainment Policy and must abide by all their requirements, provided that where there is a conflict between a minimal standard established by an Invesco Ltd. policy and the standards established by an Invesco Advisers, Inc. policy, including this Code, the latter shall control.
XII. IVZ Global Code of Ethics Contacts
| Telephone Hotline: 1-877-331-CODE [2633] |
| E-Mail: codeofethicsnorthamerica@invesco.com |
Last Revised: January 1, 2017
Code of Ethics | 17 |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ David C. Arch |
David C. Arch |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ James T. Bunch |
James T. Bunch |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Bruce L. Crockett |
Bruce L. Crockett |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Jack M. Fields |
Jack M. Fields |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Martin L. Flanagan |
Martin L Flanagan |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Eli Jones |
Eli Jones |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Prema Mathai-Davis |
Prema Mathai-Davis |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Larry Soll |
Larry Soll |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Raymond Stickel, Jr. |
Raymond Stickel, Jr. |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Philip A. Taylor |
Philip A. Taylor |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of the Funds listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective May 4, 2016, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/S/ Robert C. Troccoli |
Robert C. Troccoli |
Date: May 4, 2016 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of (i) the Open-End Funds and Invesco Senior Loan Fund listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein effective March 9. 2017 and (ii) the Closed-End Funds, with the exception of Invesco Senior Loan Fund, listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective March 28, 2017, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/s/ Cynthia L. Hostetler |
Cynthia L. Hostetler |
Date: March 28, 2017 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of (i) the Open-End Funds and Invesco Senior Loan Fund listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein effective March 9. 2017 and (ii) the Closed-End Funds, with the exception of Invesco Senior Loan Fund, listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective March 28, 2017, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/s/ Teresa M. Ressel |
Teresa M. Ressel |
Date: March 28, 2017 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of (i) the Open-End Funds and Invesco Senior Loan Fund listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein effective March 9. 2017 and (ii) the Closed-End Funds, with the exception of Invesco Senior Loan Fund, listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective March 28, 2017, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/s/ Margaret Ann Barnett Stern |
Margaret Ann Barnett Stern |
Date: March 28, 2017 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I appoint Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, to act as my attorneys-in-fact and agents, in my capacity as a trustee of (i) the Open-End Funds and Invesco Senior Loan Fund listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein effective March 9. 2017 and (ii) the Closed-End Funds, with the exception of Invesco Senior Loan Fund, listed on Schedule A attached hereto and incorporated herein, effective March 28, 2017, to:
(1) sign on my behalf any and all filings made by the Funds pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (1940 Act), including but not limited to, Registration Statements under the 1933 Act and 1940 Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other applicable state and federal regulatory Authorities and
(2) sign any and all applications for exemptive relief from state or federal securities regulations, and amendments to such applications, and to file the same with the applicable regulatory authority.
I grant Sheri Morris and John M. Zerr, and each of them separately, as attorneys-in-fact and agents the power of substitution and re-substitution in his name and stead, and the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection with the foregoing appointments. The grant shall remain in effect until terminated in writing.
I ratify and confirm any and all acts that Sheri Morris and/or John M. Zerr lawfully take as my attorneys-in-fact and agents by virtue of this appointment.
/s/ Christopher L. Wilson |
Christopher L. Wilson |
Date: March 28, 2017 |
Schedule A
Closed-end Funds
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II
Invesco Bond Fund
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund
Invesco High Income Trust II
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust
Invesco Municipal Trust
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust
Invesco Senior Income Trust
Invesco Senior Loan Fund
Invesco Total Property Market Income Fund
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust
Open-end Funds
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust)
AIM Equity Funds (Invesco Equity Funds)
AIM Funds Group (Invesco Funds Group)
AIM Growth Series (Invesco Growth Series)
AIM Investment Securities Funds (Invesco Investment Securities Funds)
AIM Investment Funds (Invesco Investment Funds)
AIM International Mutual Funds (Invesco International Mutual Funds)
AIM Sector Funds (Invesco Sector Funds)
AIM Tax-Exempt Funds (Invesco Tax-Exempt Funds)
AIM Treasurers Series Trust (Invesco Treasurers Series Trust)
AIM Variable Insurance Funds (Invesco Variable Insurance Funds)
Invesco Exchange Fund
Invesco Management Trust
Invesco Securities Trust
Short-Term Investments Trust