ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2017 and 2018, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 and selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2015 and 2016 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future period.

The following information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report.

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The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statement of financial position as of March 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018:

Notes:

Note: There may be differences due to rounding

EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

The consolidated financial statements and other financial data included in this annual report are presented in Indian rupees. Azure Power Global Limited’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar and reporting currency is the Indian rupee. Azure Power Energy Limited incorporated in Mauritius, a subsidiary of Azure Power Global Limited’s functional currency is U.S. dollar. Further, AZI and Azure Power Rooftop Private Limited and their respective subsidiaries have their local country currencies as the functional currency. The translation from the applicable foreign currencies of AZI’s subsidiaries and Azure Power Energy Limited into Indian rupees is performed for balance sheet accounts using the exchange rate in effect as of the balance sheet date except for shareholders’ equity, preferred shares and certain debt, which are translated at the historical rates in effect at the dates of the underlying transactions. Revenue, expense and cash flow items are translated using average exchange rates for the respective period.

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U.S. dollar balances have been translated from Indian rupee amounts solely for the convenience of the readers. The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the low, average, high and period-end noon buying rates in The City of New York for cable transfers, in Indian rupees per U.S. dollar, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements or elsewhere in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you. We make no representation that any Indian rupee or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Indian rupees, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between INR and the US$ for the periods indicated:

Source: Federal Reserve Statistical Release

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable

D. Risk Factors

If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our equity shares could decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment. This annual report also contains forward-looking information that involves risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this annual report.

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Risks Related to Us and Our Industry

We have never been profitable for any of our previous fiscal years, and believe we may continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future.

We have incurred losses since our inception, including a net loss of US$ 15.7 million for fiscal year 2018. We believe that we may continue to incur net losses as we expect to make continued significant investment in our solar projects. As of March 31, 2018, we operated 35 utility scale projects and several commercial rooftop projects with a combined rated capacity of 911 MW. As of March 31, 2018, we were also constructing 10 projects with a combined rated capacity of 416 MW and had an additional 544 MW of projects committed, bringing our total portfolio capacity to 1,871 MW.

A significant number of power projects are presently committed and under construction, and we can only monetize them, if at all, after each project is completed, which is subject to several factors, including receiving regulatory approvals, obtaining project funding, entering into transmission arrangements with the central or state transmission utilities, and acquiring land for projects. In addition, even after a project is operational, the monetization process may be quite long term with contracts running up to 25 years. Moreover, we may not succeed in addressing certain risks, including our ability to successfully develop or supervise the commissioning, operations and maintenance of our projects or maintain adequate control of our costs and expenses. Also, we may find that our growth plans are costlier than we anticipate and that they do not ultimately result in commensurate increases in revenue, which would further increase our losses. Additionally, we have not, and likely will not in the foreseeable future, generate sufficient cash flow required for our growth plans. We expect we may continue to experience losses, some of which could be significant. Results of operations will depend upon numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the availability of preferential feed-in tariffs for solar power and other subsidies, global liquidity and competition.

The reduction, modification or elimination of central and state government subsidies and economic incentives in India may reduce the economic benefits of our existing solar projects and our opportunities to develop or acquire suitable new solar projects.

The development and profitability of renewable energy projects in the locations in which we operate are dependent on policy and regulatory frameworks that support such developments. The cost of generating electricity from solar energy in India currently exceeds, and very likely will continue to exceed for the foreseeable future, the cost of generating electricity from conventional energy sources such as domestic coal. These subsidies and incentives have been primarily in the form of preferential tariffs, project cost subsidies, tax incentives, tax holidays, and other incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar energy products. For instance, the Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, or the MNRE, introduced the generation based incentive scheme to support small grid solar projects, pursuant to which the MNRE will pay incentives to the state utilities when they directly purchase solar power from project developers. Also, MNRE introduced providing customs and excise duty exemptions to all rooftops Solar PV Power Projects for a minimum capacity of 100 kw. Further, India’s Income Tax Act, 1961 as amended, provides for certain tax benefits, including 100% tax deductions of the profits derived from generation of power for any 10 consecutive years, out of the first 15 years, beginning from the year in which project is completed. However, the exemption was only available to the projects completed on or before March 31, 2017. In addition, certain state policies also provide subsidies and economic incentives. For instance, the state policy in Punjab provides certain tax exemptions, including in relation to supply of capital goods used for setting up projects.

The availability and size of such subsidies and incentives depend, to a large extent, on political and policy developments relating to environmental concerns in India and are typically available only for a specified time. Generally, the amount of government subsidy for solar projects has been decreasing as the cost of producing energy has approached grid parity. Changes in central and state policies could lead to a significant reduction in or a discontinuation of the support for renewable energies. Reductions in government subsidies and economic incentives that apply to future solar projects could diminish the availability of our opportunities to continue to

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develop or acquire suitable newly developed solar projects. Such reductions may also apply retroactively to existing solar projects, which could significantly reduce the economic benefits we receive from our existing solar projects. Moreover, some of the solar program subsidies and incentives expire or decline over time, are limited in total funding, require renewal from regulatory authorities or require us to meet certain investment or performance criteria. In addition, although various SERCs have specified RPOs for their distribution companies, the implementation of RPO schemes has not been uniform across Indian states. Although states are beginning to enforce RPOs under the guidance from the central government, RPOs have historically been breached without consequences.

Additionally, we may not continue to qualify for such subsidies and incentives. We may choose to implement other solar power projects, such as rooftop projects, that are outside the scope of such subsidies and incentives.

Further, increased emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the possibility of trading carbon dioxide emission quotas has led to extra duties being levied on sources of energy, primarily fossil fuels, which cause carbon dioxide pollution. The imposition of these duties has indirectly supported the expansion of power generated from renewable energy and, in turn, solar projects in general. If such direct and indirect government support for renewable energy were terminated or reduced, it would make producing electricity from solar projects less competitive and reduce demand for new solar projects.

A significant reduction in the scope or discontinuation of government incentive programs in our markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Our long term growth depends in part on the Indian government’s ability to meet its announced targeted capacity.

The Indian government has increased its 2022 target for solar capacity from 20 GW to 100 GW, under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, or NSM. However, new capacity additions have historically been lower than the Indian government’s announced targeted capacity. For example, actual capacity additions represented 70% of the targeted capacity of 78.7GW in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and 47% of the targeted solar capacity of 16.6GW in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. This shortfall in capacity additions was due to issues in timely commissioning of conventional power plants, which included delays in land acquisition, obtaining regulatory permits and difficulties in securing reliable and cost efficient fuel supplies. Under the prior Five Year Plans before the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, solar capacity targets were not included. As such, there is a short track record of meeting solar capacity targets. As for reaching target capacity for other renewable energy sources, in certain Five Year Plans those targets were met while others have fallen short. Any failure to meet the Indian government’s targeted solar capacity may result in a slowdown in our growth opportunities and adversely affect our ability to achieve our long term business objectives, targets and goals.

Our operations are subject to extensive governmental, health, safety and environmental regulations, which require us to obtain and comply with the terms of various approvals, licenses and permits. Any failure to obtain, renew or comply with the terms of such approvals, licenses and permits in a timely manner or at all may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

The power generation business in India is subject to a broad range of environmental, health, safety and other laws and regulations. These laws and regulations require us to obtain and maintain a number of approvals, licenses, registrations and permits for developing and operating power projects. Additionally, we may need to apply for more approvals in the future, including renewal of approvals that may expire from time to time. For example, we require various approvals during construction of our solar projects and prior to the commissioning certificate is issued, including capacity allocation and capacity transfer approvals, approvals from the local pollution control boards, evacuation and grid connectivity approvals and approval from the chief electrical

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inspector for installation and energization of electrical installations at the solar project sites. In addition, we are required to comply with state-specific requirements. Certain approvals may not be obtained in a timely manner. Certain approvals may also be granted on a provisional basis or for a limited duration and require renewal. If the conditions specified therein are not satisfied at a later date, we may not be able to evacuate power from these projects.

In addition, we could be affected by the adoption or implementation of new safety, health and environmental laws and regulations, new interpretations of existing laws, increased governmental enforcement of environmental laws or other similar developments in the future. For instance, we currently fall under an exemption granted to solar photovoltaic projects that exempts us from complying with the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change by a circular dated March 5, 2016, created a category of “white industries” including solar power generation. Following which state pollution control boards relaxed the procedural requirements of obtaining consent to establish and consent to operate as required under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Further, certain state policies in relation to solar projects exempt us from obtaining such consents or have reduced or simplified procedural requirements for obtaining such consents. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to any such consent requirements in the future, and that we will be able to obtain and maintain such consents or clearances in a timely manner, or at all, or that we will not become subject to any regulatory action on account of not having obtained or renewed such clearances in any past periods. Furthermore, our government approvals and licenses are subject to numerous conditions, some of which are onerous and require us to make substantial expenditure. We may incur substantial costs, including clean up or remediation costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, and third-party property damage or personal injury claims, as a result of any violations of or liabilities under environmental or health and safety laws or noncompliance with permits and approvals, which, as a result, may have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to apply for or renew any approvals, licenses, registrations or permits in a timely manner, or at all, and that the relevant authorities will issue any of such approvals, licenses, registrations or permits in the time frames anticipated by us. Further, we cannot assure you that the approvals, licenses, registrations and permits issued to us would not be subject to suspension or revocation for non-compliance or alleged non-compliance with any terms or conditions thereof, or pursuant to any regulatory action. Any failure to apply for, renew and obtain the required approvals, licenses, registrations or permits, or any suspension or revocation of any of the approvals, licenses, registrations and permits that have been or may be issued to us, or any onerous conditions made applicable to us in terms of such approvals, licenses, registrations or permits may impede the successful commissioning and operations of our power projects, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

The generation of electricity from solar sources depends heavily on suitable meteorological conditions. If solar conditions are unfavorable, our electricity generation, and therefore revenue from our solar projects, may be substantially below our expectations.

The electricity produced and revenues generated by our solar projects are highly dependent on suitable solar conditions and associated weather conditions, which are beyond our control. Furthermore, components of our systems, such as solar panels and inverters, could be damaged by severe weather, such as hailstorms, tornadoes or lightning strikes. We generally will be obligated to bear the expense of repairing the damaged solar energy systems that we own, and replacement and spare parts for key components may be difficult or costly to acquire or may be unavailable. Unfavorable weather and atmospheric conditions could impair the effectiveness of our assets or reduce their output beneath their rated capacity or require shutdown of key equipment, impeding operation of our solar assets and our ability to achieve certain performance guarantees pursuant to our PPAs, forecasted revenues and cash flows. Sustained unfavorable weather could also unexpectedly delay the installation of solar energy systems, which could result in a delay in us acquiring new projects or increase the cost of such projects. We guarantee the performance of our solar power plants and could suffer monetary consequences if our plants do not produce to our contracted levels.

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We base our investment decisions with respect to each solar project on the findings of related solar studies conducted on-site prior to construction. However, actual climatic conditions at a project site may not conform to the findings of these studies and therefore, our facilities may not meet anticipated production levels or the rated capacity of our generation assets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our limited operating history, especially with large-scale solar projects, may not serve as an adequate basis to judge our future prospects, results of operations and cash flows.

We began our business in 2008 and have a limited operating history. We established our first utility scale solar plant in India in 2009. As of March 31, 2018, we operated 35 utility scale projects and several commercial rooftop projects with a combined rated capacity of 911 MW. As of March 31, 2018, we were also constructing 10 projects with a combined rated capacity of 416 MW and had an additional 544 MW of projects committed, bringing our total portfolio capacity to 1,871 MW. Accordingly, our relatively limited operating history may not be an adequate basis for evaluating our business prospects and financial performance and makes it difficult to predict the future results of our operations. Period-to-period comparisons of our operating results and our results of operations for any period should not be relied upon as an indication of our performance for any future period. In particular, our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and future success depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to continue to identify suitable sites, acquire land for solar projects, obtain required regulatory approvals, arrange financing from various sources, construct solar projects in a cost-effective and timely manner, expand our project pipeline and manage and operate solar projects that we develop. If we cannot do so, we may not be able to expand our business at a profit or at all, maintain our competitive position, satisfy our contractual obligations, or sustain growth and profitability.

Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which could make our future performance difficult to predict and could cause our operating results for a particular period to fall below expectations, which may result in a severe decline in the price of our equity shares.

Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly in the future. We have experienced seasonal and quarterly fluctuations in the past, especially in the winter months and we may experience the same in the future. However, given that we are an early-stage company operating in a rapidly growing industry, those fluctuations may be masked by our recent growth rates and thus may not be readily apparent from our historical operating results. As such, our past quarterly operating results may not be good indicators of future performance.

In addition to the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, the following factors could cause our operating results to fluctuate:

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For these or other reasons, the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indications of our future performance. In addition, with respect to the above factors our actual revenue, key operating and financial metrics and other operating results in future quarters may fall short of the expectations of investors and financial analysts, which could have a severe adverse effect on the trading price of our equity shares.

Counterparties to our PPAs may not fulfill their obligations which could result in a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We generate electricity income primarily pursuant to PPAs entered into with central and state government-run utilities. Some of the customers may become subject to insolvency or liquidation proceedings during the term of the relevant contracts, and the credit support received from such customers may not be sufficient to cover our losses in the event of a failure to perform. There may also be delays associated with collection of receivables from government owned or controlled entities on account of the financial condition of these entities that deteriorated significantly in the past. Where we are selling power to non-governmental entities, we take into account the credit ratings assigned by rating agencies and our ability in the past to collect when assessing the counterparties’ creditworthiness. Governmental entities to which we sell power generally do not have credit ratings, so there are no credit ratings to consider. For illustrative purposes, Moody’s Investor Services Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Financial Services LLC have rated the Government of India Baa2 and BBB-, respectively. As a result, many of the state governments in India, if rated, would likely rate lower than the Government of India. Although the central and state governments in India have taken steps to improve the liquidity, financial condition and viability of state electricity distribution utility companies, there can be no assurance that the utility companies that are currently our customers will have the resources to pay on time or at all.

In addition, our PPA customers may, for any reason, become unable or unwilling to fulfill their related contractual obligations, refuse to accept delivery of power delivered thereunder or otherwise terminate such agreements prior to the expiration thereof. If such events occur, our assets, liabilities, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. For instance, Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited had filed a petition with the Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission, seeking recalculation on the basis of actual cash flow required for development of solar projects and consequent revision of the tariff payable by it, in relation to certain solar power projects including our 10 MW Gujarat 1 project. While the Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission and the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity dismissed the claims made by Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited, an appeal is pending with the Supreme Court of India.

Furthermore, to the extent any of our customers are, or are controlled by, governmental entities, bringing actions against them to enforce their contractual obligations is often difficult. Also, our facilities may be subject to legislative or other political action that may impair their contractual performance. Our PPAs may expose us to certain risks that may affect our future results of operations and cash flows.

Our profitability is largely a function of our ability to manage our costs during the terms of our PPAs and operate our power projects at optimal levels. If we are unable to manage our costs effectively or operate our power projects at optimal levels, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected. In the event we default in fulfilling our obligations under the PPAs, such as supplying the minimum amount of power specified in some of the PPAs or failing to obtain regulatory approvals, licenses and clearances with respect to our solar projects, we may be liable for penalties and in certain specified events, customers may also terminate such PPAs. Further, any failure to supply power from the scheduled commercial operation date my result in levy of liquidated damages and encashment of bank guarantees provided by us under the terms of certain PPAs. For instance, in connection with an extension of the date of commissioning of our 50 MW project in Karnataka, the customer has reduced its payable tariff under the PPA, pursuant to which we had initiated proceedings before the Karnataka Regulatory Commission (”KERC”) appealing such reduction of the tariff. The KERC while retaining the tariff of the PPA reduced the time extension granted by the DISCOM for achieving the commercial operation

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date. Against the order of the KERC, we filed an appeal before the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity. During the pendency of such appeal, a default notice was issued by the customer, pursuant to which we were requested to pay certain liquidated damages, however, the matter is currently pending before the APEL. Further, we had faced delays in commissioning our 10 MW project in Punjab due to delay by the customer and had filed a petition before the Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission seeking an extension of the commercial operation date at the same tariff rate as per the PPA. However, we cannot provide assurances that such proceedings will ultimately be decided in our favor. The termination of any of our projects by our customers would adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and cash flows.

Under a long-term PPA, we typically sell power generated from a power plant to state distribution companies at pre-determined tariffs. Our PPAs are generally not subject to downward revisions unless we elect to utilize accelerated rate of depreciation or if there is a delay in commissioning our projects, although we have entered into contracts that provide for downward adjustments in the past and may do so in the future. Accordingly, if there is an industry-wide increase in tariffs or if we are seeking an extension of the term of the PPA, we will not be able to renegotiate the terms of the PPA to take advantage of the increased tariffs. In addition, in the event of increased operational costs, we will not have the ability to reflect a corresponding increase in our tariffs. Further, any delay in commissioning projects or supplying electricity during the term of the PPA may result in reduction in tariffs, based on the terms of the PPA. Therefore, the prices at which we supply power may have little or no relationship with the costs incurred in generating power, which may lead to fluctuations in our margins. The above factors all limit our business flexibility, expose us to an increased risk of unforeseen business and industry changes and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

The term of some of our PPAs are also less than the life of the power projects they are tied to. We will need to enter into other offtake agreements, or seek renewals or extensions of the existing PPAs, for the balance of the life of those power projects. Moreover, there are often other restrictions on our ability to, among other things, sell power to third parties and undertake expansion initiatives with other consumers. Failure to enter into or renew offtake arrangements in a timely manner and on terms that are acceptable to us could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. There could also be negative accounting consequences if we are unable to extend or replace expiring PPAs, including writing down the carrying value of assets at such power project sites.

Additionally, under the PPAs, our remedies in case of delays in payment by our customers may also be limited. For example, certain PPAs only permit us to terminate the PPA on account of non-payment of dues upon 90 days of our inability to recover such dues. Such risks limit our business flexibility, expose us to an increased risk of unforeseen business and industry changes and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, most of the government agencies we enter into PPAs with under the NSM or the relevant state policies require us to agree to their standard form contracts and we cannot negotiate for commercial terms or other terms of funding that are more favorable to us.

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

As of March 31, 2018, we had US$ 52.8 million in current liabilities, excluding the current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt, and US$ 828.5 million in outstanding long-term borrowings, including the current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt. Generally, these borrowings relate to the financing for our projects and are secured by project assets.

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Our debt could have significant consequences on our operations, including:

In addition, our borrowings under certain project-specific financing arrangement have floating rates of interest. Therefore, an increase or decrease in interest rates will increase or decrease our interest expense associated with such borrowing. A significant increase in interest expense could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows impacting our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt.

Any of these factors and other consequences that may result from our substantial indebtedness could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows impacting our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt. Our ability to meet our payment obligations under our outstanding debt depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control.

Our growth prospects and future profitability depend to a significant extent on global liquidity and the availability of additional funding options with acceptable terms.

We require a significant amount of cash to fund the installation and construction of our projects and other aspects of our operations, and expect to incur additional borrowings in the future, as our business and operations grow. We may also require additional cash due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue in order to remain competitive.

Historically, we have used loans, equity contributions, and government subsidies to fund our project development. We expect to expand our business with proceeds from third-party financing options, including any bank loans, equity partners, financial leases and securitization. However, we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in locating additional suitable sources of financing in the time periods required or at all, or on terms or at costs that we find attractive or acceptable, which may render it impossible for us to fully execute our growth plan. In addition, rising interest rates could adversely impact our ability to secure financing on favorable terms.

Installing and constructing solar projects requires significant upfront capital expenditure and there may be a significant delay before we can recoup our investments through the long-term recurring revenue of our solar projects. Our ability to obtain external financing is subject to a number of uncertainties, including:

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Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to our shareholders and any debt financing may contain restrictive covenants that limit our flexibility going forward. Furthermore, our credit ratings may be downgraded, which would adversely affect our ability to refinance debt and increase our cost of borrowing. Failure to manage discretionary spending and raise additional capital or debt financing as required may adversely impact our ability to achieve our intended business objectives.

If we fail to comply with financial and other covenants under our loan agreements, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and business prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

We expect to continue to finance a significant portion of our project development and construction costs with project financing. The agreements with respect to our existing project-level indebtedness contain financial and other covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios or impose certain restrictions on disposition of our assets or the conduct of our business. In addition, we typically pledge our solar project assets or account or trade receivables, and in certain cases, shares of the special purpose vehicles, to raise debt financing, and we are restricted from creating additional security over our assets. Such account or trade receivables will include all income generated from the sale of electricity in the solar projects.

Our financing agreements also include certain restrictive covenants whereby we may be required to obtain approval from our lenders to, among other things, incur additional debt, undertake guarantee obligations, enter into any scheme of merger, amalgamation, compromise, demerger or reconstruction, change our capital structure and controlling interest, dispose of or sell assets, transfer shares held by major shareholders to third parties, invest by way of share capital, lend and advance funds, make payments, declare dividends in the event of any default in repayment of debts or failure to maintain financial ratios, place deposits and change our management structure. Most of our lenders also impose significant restrictions in relation to our solar projects, under the terms of the relevant project loans taken by our respective subsidiaries. For example, we are required to obtain lenders’ consent to make any changes to, or terminate, project documents, waive any material claims or defaults under the project documents, make any changes to financing plans relating to our projects, and replace suppliers or other material project participants. There can be no assurance that such consent will be granted in a timely manner, or at all. In the event that such lender consents are granted, they may impose certain additional conditions on us, which may limit our operational flexibility or subject us to increased scrutiny by the relevant lenders. The time required to secure consents may hinder us from taking advantage of a dynamic market environment. These agreements also grant certain lenders the right to appoint nominee directors on the Board of Directors of AZI or its subsidiaries and require us to maintain certain ratings or other levels of credit worthiness. If we breach any financial or other covenants contained in any of our financing arrangements, we may be required to immediately repay our borrowings either in whole or in part, together with any related costs.

Our failure to comply with financial or restrictive covenants or periodic reporting requirements or to obtain our lenders’ consent to take restricted actions in a timely manner or at all may result in the declaration of an event of default by one or more of our lenders, which may accelerate repayment of the relevant loans or trigger cross defaults under other financing agreements. We cannot assure you that, in the event of any such acceleration, we will have sufficient resources to repay these borrowings. Failure to meet our obligations under the debt financing agreements could have an adverse effect on our cash flows, business and results of operations. Furthermore, a breach of those financial and other covenants or a failure to meet certain financial ratios under these financing agreements will also restrict our ability to pay dividends.

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The delay between making significant upfront investments in our solar projects and receiving revenue could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, business, results of operations and cash flows.

There are generally several months between our initial bid in renewable energy auctions to build solar projects and the date on which we begin to recognize revenue from the sale of electricity generated by such solar projects. Our initial investments include, without limitation, legal, accounting and other third-party fees, costs associated with project analysis and feasibility study, payments for land rights, payments for interconnection and grid connectivity arrangements, government permits, engineering and procurement of solar panels, balance of system costs or other payments, which may be non-refundable. As such, projects may not be fully monetized for 25 years given the average length of our PPAs, but we bear the costs of our initial investment upfront. Furthermore, we have historically relied on our own equity contribution and bank loans to pay for costs and expenses incurred during project development. Solar projects typically generate revenue only after becoming commercially operational and starting to sell electricity to the power grid through offtakers. There may be long delays from the initial bid to projects becoming shovel-ready, due to the timing of auctions, permitting and grid connectivity process. Between our initial investment in the development of permits for solar projects and their connection to the transmission grid, there may be adverse developments, such as unfavorable environmental or geological conditions, labor strikes, panel shortages or monsoon weather. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain all of the permits as anticipated, permits that were obtained may expire or become ineffective and we may not be able to obtain project level debt financing as anticipated. In addition, the timing gap between our upfront investments and actual generation of revenue, or any added delay in between due to unforeseen events, could put strains on our liquidity and resources, and materially and adversely affect our profitability, results of operations and cash flows.

Solar project development is challenging and our growth strategy may ultimately not be successful, which can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The development and construction of solar projects involve numerous risks and uncertainties and require extensive research, planning and due diligence. As a result, we may be required to incur significant capital expenditures for land and interconnection rights, regulatory approvals, preliminary engineering, permits, and legal and other expenses before we can determine whether a solar project is economically, technologically or otherwise feasible.

We intend to expand our business significantly with a number of new projects in both new and existing jurisdictions in the future. As we grow, we expect to encounter additional challenges to our internal processes, external construction management, capital commitment process, project funding infrastructure and financing capabilities. Our existing operations, personnel, systems and internal control may not be adequate to support our growth and expansion and may require us to make additional unanticipated investments in our infrastructure. To manage the future growth of our operations, we will be required to improve our administrative, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and maintain, expand, train and manage our growing employee base. We will need to hire and train project development personnel to expand and manage our project development efforts. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business strategies successfully or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Success in executing our growth strategy is contingent upon, among others:

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We may not be able to find suitable sites for the development of solar projects.

Solar projects require solar and geological conditions that are not available in all areas. Further, large, utility scale solar projects must be interconnected to the power grid in order to deliver electricity, which requires us to find suitable sites with capacity on the power grid available. We may encounter difficulties registering certain leasehold interest in such sites. Even when we have identified a desirable site for a solar project, our ability to obtain site control with respect to the site is subject to our ability to finance the transaction and growing competition from other solar power producers that may have better access to local government support or financial or other resources. If we are unable to find or obtain site control for suitable sites on commercially acceptable terms, our ability to develop new solar projects on a timely basis or at all might be harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, our land leases for projects are typically for 30 to 35 years, but our PPAs are generally for a term of 25 years. If we are not able to sell the power produced by our systems after the initial PPA has expired, our liquidity and financial condition may be harmed.

We face uncertainties in our ability to acquire the rights to develop and generate power from new solar projects due to highly competitive PPA auctions and possible changes in the auction process.

We acquire the rights to develop and generate power from new solar projects through a competitive bidding process, in which we compete for project awards based on, among other things, pricing, technical and engineering expertise, financial conditions, including specified minimum net worth criteria, availability of land, financing capabilities and track record. The bidding and selection process is also affected by a number of factors, including factors which may be beyond our control, such as market conditions or government incentive programs. If we misjudge our competitiveness when submitting our bids or if we fail to lower our costs to submit competitive bids, we may not acquire the rights on new solar projects. Furthermore, we have expected prices for system components to decline as part of our bidding process, and if that does not occur, our project economics may be harmed and we may need greater subsidies to remain economically viable.

In addition, rules of the auction process may change. Each state in India has its own regulatory framework and several states have their own renewable energy policy. The rules governing the various regional power markets may change from time to time, in some cases, in a way that is contrary to our interests and adverse to our financial returns. For example, most national auctions currently use the reverse auction structure, in which several winners take part in the same project. There can be no assurance that the central and state governments will continue to allow us to utilize such bidding structures and any shift away from the current structures, such as to a Dutch auction, could increase the competition and adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We face significant competition from traditional and renewable energy companies.

We face significant competition in the markets in which we operate. Our primary competitors are local and international developers and operators of solar projects and other renewable energy sources. We also compete with utilities generating power from conventional fossil fuels. Recent deregulation of the Indian power sector and increased private sector investment have intensified the competition we face. The Electricity Act, 2003, or the Electricity Act, removed certain licensing requirements for power generation companies, provided for open access to transmission and distribution networks and also facilitated additional capacity generation through captive power projects. These reforms provide opportunities for increased private sector participation in power generation. Specifically, the open access reform enables private power generators to sell power directly to distribution companies and, ultimately, to the end consumers, enhancing the financial viability of private

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investment in power generation. Competitive bidding for power procurement further increases competition among power generators and recently there have been bids that were less than INR 3.00 per kilowatt hour. Furthermore, Union Minister for Power, Coal and Renewable Energy indicated that India is likely to experience surplus power by 2019. This could lead to greater pricing pressures for energy producers in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively, and our failure to do so could result in an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Furthermore, our competitors may have greater operational, financial, technical, management or other resources than we do and may be able to achieve better economies of scale and lower cost of capital, allowing them to bid in the same auction at more competitive rates. Our competitors may also have a more effective or established localized business presence or a greater willingness or ability to operate with little or no operating margins for sustained periods of time. Our market position depends on our financing, development and operation capabilities, reputation and track record. Any increase in competition during the bidding process or reduction in our competitive capabilities could have a significant adverse impact on our market share and on the margins we generate from our solar projects.

Our competitors may also enter into strategic alliances or form affiliates with other competitors to our detriment. As our competitors grow in scale, they may establish in-house engineering, procurement and construction, or EPC, and operations and maintenance, or O&M, capabilities, which may offset a current advantage we may have over them. Moreover, suppliers or contractors may merge with our competitors which may limit our choices of suppliers or contractors and hence the flexibility of our overall project execution capabilities. For example, some of our competitors may have their own internal solar panel manufacturing capabilities. As the solar energy industry grows and evolves, we will also face new competitors who are not currently in the market. There can be no assurance that our current or potential competitors will not win bids for solar projects or offer services comparable or superior to those that we offer at the same or lower prices or adapt to market demand more quickly than we do. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share.

In addition, we face competition from developers of other renewable energy facilities, including wind, biomass, nuclear and hydropower. If these non-solar renewable sources become more financially viable, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Competition from such producers may increase if the technology used to generate electricity from these other renewable energy sources becomes more sophisticated, or if the Indian government elects to further strengthen its support of such renewable energy sources relative to solar energy. As we also compete with utilities generating power from conventional fossil fuels, a reduction in the price of coal or diesel would make the development of solar energy less economically attractive and we would be at a competitive disadvantage.

Any constraints in the availability of the electricity grid, including our inability to obtain access to transmission lines in a timely and cost-efficient manner could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Distributing power to a purchaser is our responsibility. We generally rely on transmission lines and other transmission and distribution facilities that are owned and operated by the respective state governments or public entities. Where we do not have access to available transmission and distribution networks, we may engage contractors to build transmission lines and other related infrastructure. In such a case, we will be exposed to additional costs and risks associated with developing transmission lines and other related infrastructure, such as the ability to obtain right of way from land owners for the construction of our transmission lines, which may delay and increase the costs of our projects. We may not be able to secure access to the available transmission and distribution networks at reasonable prices, in a timely manner or at all.

Further, some of our projects may have limited access to transmission and distribution networks. India’s physical infrastructure, including its electricity grid, is less developed than that of many developed countries. As

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a result of grid constraints, such as grid congestion and restrictions on transmission capacity of the grid, the transmission and dispatch of the full output of our projects may be curtailed, particularly because we are required to distribute power to customers across long distances from our project sites. We may have to stop producing electricity during the period when electricity cannot be transmitted. Such events could reduce the net power generation of our projects. If construction of renewable energy projects outpaces transmission capacity of electricity grids, we may be dependent on the construction and upgrade of grid infrastructure by the Indian government or public entities. We cannot assure you that the relevant government or public entities will do so in a timely manner, or at all. The curtailment of our power projects’ output levels will reduce our electricity output and limit operational efficiencies, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

There are a limited number of purchasers of utility scale quantities of electricity which exposes us and our utility scale projects to risk.

In fiscal year 2017 and 2018, we derived 82.6% and 74.8%, respectively, of our revenue from our top five customers. Since the transmission and distribution of electricity are either monopolized or highly concentrated in most jurisdictions, there are a limited number of possible purchasers for utility scale quantities of electricity in a given geographic location, including transmission grid operators and central and state run utilities. For instance, for projects established pursuant to the NSM, solar project developers are required to enter into PPAs with specified implementation agencies. As a result, there is a concentrated pool of potential buyers for electricity generated by our plants and projects, which may restrict our ability to negotiate favorable terms under new PPAs and could impact our ability to find new customers for the electricity generated by our generation facilities should this become necessary.

Furthermore, if the financial condition of these utilities and/or power purchasers deteriorate or the NSM or other solar policy to which they are currently subject and that compel them to source renewable energy supplies change, demand for electricity produced by our plants could be negatively impacted.

Land title in India can be uncertain and we may not be able to identify or correct defects or irregularities in title to the land which we own, lease or intend to acquire in connection with the development or acquisition of our power projects. Additionally, certain land on which our power projects are located may be subject to onerous conditions which may adversely affect its use.

There is no central title registry for real property in India and the documentation of land records in India has not been fully computerized. Property records in India are generally maintained at the state and district level and in local languages, and are updated manually through physical records. Therefore, property records may not be available online for inspection or updated in a timely manner, may be illegible, untraceable, incomplete or inaccurate in certain respects, or may have been kept in poor condition, which may impede title investigations or our ability to rely on such property records. In addition, there may be a discrepancy between the duration of the principal lease under different orders issued by state governments in respect of a particular parcel of revenue land. Furthermore, title to land in India is often fragmented, and in many cases, land may have multiple owners. Title may also suffer from irregularities, such as non-execution or non-registration of conveyance deeds and inadequate stamping and may be subjected to encumbrances that we are unaware of. Any defects in, or irregularities of, title may result in a loss of development or operating rights over the land, which may prejudice the success of our power projects and require us to write off substantial expenditures in respect of our power projects.

Further, improperly executed, unregistered or insufficiently stamped conveyance instruments in a property’s chain of title, unregistered encumbrances in favor of third parties, rights of adverse possessors, ownership claims of family members of prior owners or third parties, or other defects that a purchaser may not be aware of can affect title to a property. As a result, potential disputes or claims over title to the land on which our power projects are or will be constructed may arise. However, an adverse decision from a court or the absence of an

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agreement with such third parties may result in additional costs and delays in the construction and operating phases of any solar projects situated on such land. Also, such disputes, whether resolved in our favor or not, may divert management’s attention, harm our reputation or otherwise disrupt our business.

In addition, some properties used for our solar projects are subject to other third-party rights such as right of passage and right to place cables and other equipment on the properties, which may result in certain interferences with our use of the properties. Our rights to the properties used for our solar projects may be challenged by property owners and other third parties for various other reasons as well. For example, we do not always have the exclusive right to use a given site. Any such challenge, if successful, could impair the development or operations of our solar projects on such properties.

Additionally, the power projects that we may develop or acquire in the future may be located on land that may be subject to onerous conditions under the lease agreements through which we acquire rights to use such land and rights of way. Furthermore, the government may exercise its rights of eminent domain, or compulsory acquisition in respect of land on which our projects are or will be located. Any of this may adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows in the future.

A certain portion of the land on which our solar projects are or will be located, are not owned by us. In the event we are unable to purchase the land, or enter into or renew lease agreements, our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Some of our solar projects are located, or will be located, on revenue land that is owned by the state governments or on land acquired or to be acquired from private parties. The timeline for transfer of title in the land is dependent on the type of land on which the power projects are, or will be, located, and the policies of the relevant state government in which such land is located. In the case of land acquired from private parties, which is agricultural land, the transfer of such land from agriculturalists to non-agriculturalists such as us and the use of such land for non-agricultural purposes may require an order from the relevant state land or revenue authority allowing such transfer or use. For revenue land, we obtain a lease from the relevant government authority.

We cannot assure you that the outstanding approvals would be received, or that lease or sub-lease deeds would be executed in a timely manner, such that the operation of our solar projects will continue unaffected. In certain cases, any delay in the construction or commissioning of a solar project may result in termination of the lease. Further, the terms of lease and sub-lease agreements may also not be co-terminus with the lifetime of the power projects, taken together with the period of time required for construction and commissioning of the project. Accordingly, we will have to obtain extensions of the terms of such leases and sub-leases for the remainder of the terms of the corresponding PPAs. In the event that the relevant state authorities do not wish to renew the lease or sub-lease agreements, we may be forced to remove our equipment at the end of the lease and our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected.

If sufficient demand for solar projects does not develop or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

The solar power market is at a relatively early stage of development in many of the markets that we have entered or intend to enter. This is especially true in the rooftop and micro-grid solar markets. The solar energy industry continues to experience improved efficiency and higher electricity output. However, trends in the solar energy industry are based only on limited data and may not be reliable. Many factors may affect the demand for solar projects in India, including:

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If market demand for solar projects fails to develop sufficiently, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to establish and/or maintain our compliance with the local content requirements in certain states, our financial results could be adversely affected.

In some cases, we are required by the central government in national auctions to procure solar panels solely from Indian manufacturers. Certain states or others may, in the future, require us to procure a defined portion of our solar system components from their designated geographical locales. Such requirements are commonly referred to as “local content requirements.” In order to satisfy these local content requirements, we may need to undertake localization initiatives in such geographical locale. Some of our competitors with more significant capital resources may implement or expedite their own localization efforts in these geographical locale, and those efforts may result in competitive advantages for them. We may be faced with shortages or quality issues if projects we bid on impose local content requirements. Our costs may also be higher as a result of these requirements. Our failure to successfully implement appropriate localization initiatives, or otherwise acquire and maintain the capability to satisfy applicable local content requirements, could result in our losing business to our competitors and/or our breaching the terms of agreements, potentially resulting in damages, including monetary penalties. Depending on the value to us of lost business or the amounts of any contractual penalties, these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

We may incur unexpected expenses if the suppliers of components in our solar projects default in their warranty obligations.

We enter into contracts with our suppliers to supply components in our solar projects. If our suppliers do not perform their obligations, we may have to enter into new contracts with other suppliers at a higher cost or may suffer schedule disruptions. In addition, our suppliers may have difficulty fulfilling our orders and incur delivery delays, or charge us higher prices, higher up-front payments and deposits, which would result in higher than expected prices or less favorable payment terms to develop our projects. Delays in the delivery of ordered components in our solar projects could delay the completion of our under-construction projects. In addition, our relationship with our suppliers may worsen or lead to disagreements or litigation which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, the solar panels, inverters, modules and other system components utilized in our solar projects are generally covered by manufacturers’ warranties, which are typically for 5 to 25 years. In the event any such components fail to operate as required, we may be able to make a claim against the applicable warranty to cover all or a portion of the expense or losses associated with the faulty component. However, the warranties may not be sufficient to cover all of our expense and losses. In addition, these suppliers could cease operations and no longer honor the warranties, which would leave us to cover the expense and losses associated with the faulty component. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if we cannot recover the expense and losses associated with the faulty component from these warranty providers.

Our construction activities may be subject to cost overruns or delays.

Construction of our solar projects may be adversely affected by circumstances outside of our control, including inclement weather, adverse geological and environmental conditions, a failure to receive regulatory

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approvals on schedule or third-party delays in providing supplies and other materials. Changes in project plans or designs, or defective or late execution may increase our costs from our initial estimates and cause delays. Increases in the prices of our materials may increase procurement costs. Labor shortages, work stoppages or labor disputes could significantly delay a project, increase our costs or cause us to breach our performance guarantees under our PPAs, particularly because strikes are not considered a force majeure event under many of our PPAs. Moreover, local political changes and delays, for instance, caused by state and local elections, as well as demonstrations or protests by local communities and special interest groups could result in, or contribute to, project time and cost overruns for us.

In addition, we sometimes utilize and rely on third-party sub-contractors to construct and install portions of our solar projects. If our sub-contractors do not satisfy their obligations or do not perform work that meets our quality standards or if there is a shortage of third-party sub-contractors or if there are labor strikes that interfere with the ability of our employees or contractors to complete their work on time or within budget, we could experience significant delays or cost overruns.

We may not be able to recover any of these losses in connection with construction cost overruns or delays. Certain PPAs require that we connect to the transmission grid by a certain date. If the solar project is significantly delayed, such PPAs may be terminated or require us to pay liquidated damages computed based on number of days of delay in commissioning of the projects or reduction in the PPA tariff. In addition, if we are unable to meet our performance guarantees, most of our PPAs require us to pay liquidated damages to the offtaker in proportion to the amount of power not supplied, and also grant the offtaker a right to draw on bank guarantees posted by us, including up to 100% of certain bank guarantees. Also, certain PPAs provide that we are liable for government fines and penalties if we fail to deliver electricity required by the offtakers to meet their RPO requirements. Furthermore, in the case of projects with VGF, which is paid out typically over two to five years, if the project fails to generate power for a long period of time, the government agency can suspend the VGF and demand repayment of previously paid sums.

Any of the contingencies discussed above could lead us to fail to generate our expected return from our solar projects and result in unanticipated and significant revenue and earnings losses.

Operation of power generation facilities involves significant risks and hazards that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We may not have adequate insurance to cover these risks and hazards.

Power generation involves hazardous activities, including delivering electricity to transmission and distribution systems. In addition to natural risks such as earthquake, flood, lightning, hurricane and wind, other hazards, such as fire, structural collapse and machinery failure are inherent risks in our operations. These and other hazards can cause significant personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property, plant and equipment and contamination of, or damage to, the environment and suspension of operations. The occurrence of any one of these events may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting claims for substantial damages, including for environmental cleanup costs, personal injury and property damage and fines and/or penalties. We maintain an amount of insurance protection that we consider adequate but we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance will be sufficient or effective under all circumstances and against all hazards or liabilities to which we may be subject. Furthermore, our insurance coverage is subject to deductibles, caps, exclusions and other limitations. A loss for which we are not fully insured could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Further, due to rising insurance costs and changes in the insurance markets, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage will continue to be available at all or at rates or on terms similar to those presently available. Any losses not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Maintenance and expansion of power generation facilities involve significant risks that could result in reduced power generation and financial results.

Our facilities may require periodic upgrading and improvement. Any unexpected operational or mechanical failure, including failure associated with breakdowns and forced outages, and any decreased operational or management performance, could reduce our facilities’ generating capacity below expected levels and reduce our revenues as a result of generating and selling less power. Degradation of the performance of our solar facilities above levels provided for in the related PPAs may also reduce our revenues. Unanticipated capital expenditures associated with maintaining, upgrading or repairing our facilities may also reduce profitability, especially because our costs are fixed in the PPAs and we may not pass through any unexpected costs in relation to the projects to our customers. Furthermore, we are not able to mitigate such project risks by shifting some or all of the risk to a third-party EPC or O&M contractor since we provide these services in-house.

Changes in technology may require us to make additional capital expenditures to upgrade our facilities. The development and implementation of such technology entails technical and business risks and significant costs of employee implementation.

The loss of one or more members of our senior management or key employees may adversely affect our ability to implement our strategy.

Our future success depends on the continued services and performances of the members of our management in our business for project implementations, management and running of our daily operations and the planning and execution of our business strategy. We depend on our experienced management team, and the loss of one or more key executives could have a negative impact on our business. We also depend on our ability to retain and motivate key employees and attract qualified new employees. Neither our executive officers nor our key employees are bound by employment agreements for any specific term, and we may be unable to replace key members of our management team and key employees in the event we lose their services. There is intense competition for experienced management personnel with technical and industry expertise in the renewable energy business and if we lose the services of any of these individuals and are unable to find suitable replacements in a timely manner, our ability to realize our strategic objectives could be impaired. Integrating new employees into our management team could prove disruptive to our operations, require substantial resources and management attention and ultimately prove unsuccessful. An inability to attract and retain sufficient managerial personnel who have critical industry experience and relationships could limit or delay our strategic efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may negatively affect our revenue, cost of sales and gross margins and could result in exchange losses.

As the functional currency of our Indian subsidiaries is the Indian rupee, our operating expenses are denominated primarily in Indian rupees. However, some of our capital expenditures, and particularly those for equipment imported from international suppliers, such as solar panels, are denominated in foreign currencies. To the extent that we are unable to match revenue received in our functional currency with costs paid in foreign currencies, exchange rate fluctuations in any such currency could have an adverse effect on our profitability. Substantially all of our cash flows are generated in Indian rupees and, therefore, significant changes in the value of the Indian rupee relative to the other foreign currencies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to meet interest and principal payments on debts. In addition to currency translation risks, we incur currency transaction risks whenever we or one of our projects enter into a purchase or sales transaction using a currency other than the Indian rupee. We expect our future capital expenditures in connection with our proposed expansion plans to include significant expenditures in foreign currencies for imported equipment and machinery.

A significant fluctuation in the Indian rupee and U.S. dollar and other foreign currency exchange rates could therefore have a significant impact on our other results of operations. The exchange rate between the Indian

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rupee and these currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar, has fluctuated in the past and any appreciation or depreciation of the Indian rupee against these currencies can impact our profitability and results of operations. Our results of operations have been impacted by such fluctuations in the past and may be impacted by such fluctuations in the future. For example, the Indian rupee has depreciated against the U.S. dollar in four of the last five years, which may impact our results of operations in future periods. Such depreciation impacts the value of your investment. Furthermore, we have borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars and, as such, an annual decline in the rupee against the U.S. dollar effectively adds to the functional interest rate of our borrowings. Any amounts we spend in order to hedge the risks to our business due to fluctuations in currencies may not adequately hedge against any losses we incur due to such fluctuations.

The accounting treatment for many aspects of our solar projects is complex and any changes to the accounting interpretations or accounting rules governing our solar projects could have a material adverse effect on our U.S. GAAP reported results of operations and financial condition.

The accounting treatment for many aspects of our solar projects is complex, and our future results could be adversely affected by changes in the accounting treatment applicable to our solar projects. In particular, any changes to the accounting rules regarding the following matters may require us to change the manner in which we operate and finance our solar projects:

Our international corporate structure and operations require us to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations of the United States government and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. If we are not in compliance with applicable legal requirements, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties and other remedial measures.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, which prohibits, in relevant part, U.S. nationals, companies that have securities registered in the U.S. and any officer, director, employee, or agent of such issuer or any shareholder thereof acting on behalf of such issuer from bribing foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment and imposes obligations to keep accurate books and records and maintain appropriate internal controls. We have been and will continue to be subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-facilitation payment legislation in other jurisdictions, which in certain circumstances go beyond the scope of the FCPA rules and regulations, including in India.

The current and future jurisdictions in which we operate our business may have experienced governmental corruption to some degree, and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery and anti-facilitation payment laws may conflict with local customs and practices, which is likely to negatively impact our results of operations. We have developed and implemented formal controls and procedures to ensure that we are in compliance with the FCPA as well as anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti- facilitation payment laws. However,

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compliance with these new controls and procedures could make it more difficult for us to obtain timely permits or otherwise complete our projects on schedule in jurisdictions where strict compliance with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices.

Any historic or future violations of these laws, regulations and procedures by our employees, independent contractors, subcontractors and agents could be costly and time-consuming to investigate and expose us to administrative, civil or criminal penalties or fines (including under U.S. and Indian laws and regulations as well as foreign laws). If we were to be investigated for, charged with, or convicted of, violating these laws and regulations, our reputation could be harmed and it could cause some of our investors to sell their interests in our company to be consistent with their internal investment policies or to avoid reputational damage, and some investors might forego the purchase of our equity shares, all of which may negatively impact the trading prices of our equity shares. In addition, any administrative, civil or criminal penalties or fines could have a material adverse effect on our business results of operations and cash flows.

We may become involved in costly and time-consuming litigation and other regulatory proceedings, which require significant attention from our management.

We may, in the ordinary course of our business, become involved in litigation, administrative or arbitral proceedings . For example, we are, and may become subject to additional demands from Indian governmental or tax authorities, including, but not limited to, on account of differing interpretations of central and state tax statutes in India, which are extensive and subject to change from time to time. Changes in regulations or tax policies, or adoption of differing interpretations of existing provisions, and enforcement thereof by governmental, taxation or judicial authorities in India may become the subject of legal proceedings involving us from time to time.

Additionally, claims may be brought against or by us from time to time regarding, for example, defective or incomplete work, defective products, personal injuries or deaths, damage to or destruction of property, breach of warranty, late completion of work, delayed payments, intellectual property rights or regulatory compliance, and may subject us to litigation, arbitration and other legal proceedings, which may be expensive, lengthy, disruptive to normal business operations and require significant attention from our management.

If we were found to be liable on any of the claims against us, we would incur a charge against earnings to the extent a reserve had not been established for coverage. If amounts ultimately realized from the claims by us were materially lower than the balances included in our financial statements, we would incur a charge against earnings to the extent profit had already been accrued. Charges and write-downs associated with such legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. Moreover, legal proceedings, particularly those resulting in judgments or findings against us, may harm our reputation and competitiveness in the market.

Employee shortages and rising employee costs may harm our business and increase our operation costs.

As of March 31, 2018, we employed 539 persons to perform a variety of functions in our daily operations. The low cost workforce in India provides us with a cost advantage. However, we have observed an overall tightening of the employee market and an emerging trend of shortage of skilled labor. Failure to obtain stable and dedicated employee support may cause disruption to our business that harms our operations. Furthermore, employee costs have increased in India in recent years and may continue to increase in the near future. To remain competitive, we may need to increase the salaries of our employees to attract and retain them. Our employee payroll and related costs amounted to US$ 7.8 million, and US$ 10.8 million in fiscal years 2017 and 2018, respectively. Any future increase in employee costs may harm our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

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The United Kingdom’s process on withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union in a national referendum. On March 29, 2017, the British Prime Minister delivered a notice to the European Council pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union to initiate the formal process of withdrawal from the European Union. The Article 50 notice dated March 29, 2017, started a two-year period for the United Kingdom to negotiate the terms of its exit from the European Union, although this period can be extended with the unanimous agreement of the European Council. The United Kingdom and the European Union are currently engaged in negotiations to structure their post-Brexit relationship, but significant uncertainty remains about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. These developments have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets and may significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Lack of clarity about future laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate upon withdrawal could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital in the United Kingdom. If the United Kingdom and the European Union are unable to negotiate acceptable withdrawal terms, barrier-free access between the United Kingdom and other European Union member states could be diminished or eliminated. This may impact our ability to freely move staff and equipment, and it may impact the cost associated with cross-border business, for example, by the re-introduction of import duties. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce the price of our equity shares.

The global economy may be adversely affected by economic developments in some markets.

The global financial and securities markets, and also the global economy, are influenced by economic and market conditions in some markets worldwide. The global economy may be influenced by shocks from some markets, including those relating to a potential trade war between China and the United States. Although economic conditions vary from country to country, investors’ reactions to events occurring in one country sometimes demonstrate a“contagion”effect in which an entire region or class of investment is disfavoured by international investors. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the global and India’s financial system and securities markets will not continue to be adversely affected by events in developed countries’ economies or events in other emerging markets, which could in turn, adversely affect the global and India’s economy and, indirectly, our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the market value of our equity shares.

Risks Related to Operations in India

Substantially all of our business and operations are located in India and we are subject to regulatory, economic, social and political uncertainties in India.

Substantially all of our business and employees are located in India, and we intend to continue to develop and expand our business in India. Consequently, our financial performance and the market price of our equity shares will be affected by changes in exchange rates and controls, interest rates, changes in government policies, including taxation policies, social and civil unrest and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting India.

An election or a new administration could result in uncertainty in the solar market, which could harm our operations. For example, we saw a slowdown in the solar market in fiscal year 2014 as a result of it leading up to an election year with uncertainty about the level of government support for solar initiatives going forward.

The Indian government has exercised and continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of the Indian economy. Since 1991, successive Indian governments have generally pursued policies of economic liberalization and financial sector reforms, including by significantly relaxing restrictions on the private sector.

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Nevertheless, the role of the Indian central and state governments in the Indian economy as producers, consumers and regulators has remained significant and we cannot assure you that such liberalization policies will continue. The rate of economic liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies affecting solar power producers, foreign investments, currency exchange rates and other matters affecting investments in India could change as well, including exposure to possible expropriation, nationalization or other governmental actions.

The Reserve Bank of India and the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India withdrew the legal tender status of INR 500 and INR 1,000 currency notes pursuant to notification dated November 8, 2016 (Demonetization). This has impacted the general banking operations in the country. The Company may not be able to predict the short and long-term effects on our business, results of operations and financial conditions of such demonetization in Indian economy.

Further, protests against privatizations and government corruption scandals, which have occurred in the past, could slow the pace of liberalization and deregulation. A significant change in India’s policy of economic liberalization and deregulation or any social or political uncertainties could significantly harm business and economic conditions in India generally and our business and prospects.

The extent and reliability of Indian infrastructure could significantly harm our results of operations, cash flows and financial conditions.

India’s physical infrastructure is less developed than that of many developed nations. Any congestion or disruption with respect to communication systems or any public facility, including transportation infrastructure, could disrupt our normal business activity. Any deterioration of India’s physical infrastructure would harm the national economy, disrupt the transportation of people, goods and supplies, and add costs to doing business in India. These disruptions could interrupt our business operations and significantly harm our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. For the risk of congestion or disruption with respect to India’s electricity grid and transmission lines, see “Risks Related to Us and Our Industry — Any constraints in the availability of the electricity grid, including our inability to obtain access to transmission lines in a timely and cost-efficient manner, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.”

A decline in India’s foreign exchange reserves may adversely affect liquidity and interest rates in the Indian economy.

According to the weekly statistical supplement of the RBI Bulletin, India’s foreign exchange reserves totalled US$424 billion as of April 20, 2018. A sharp decline in these reserves could result in reduced liquidity and higher interest rates in the Indian economy. Reduced liquidity or an increase in interest rates in the economy following a decline in foreign exchange reserves could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance and ability to obtain financing to fund our growth on favourable terms or at all.

A slowdown in economic growth in India could cause our business to suffer.

Since inception, all of our revenue has been derived directly from sales by AZI and its various other subsidiaries in India. In addition, the CIA World Factbook estimates that consumer inflation in India was approximately 3.8% in 2017. The performance and growth of our business are necessarily dependent on economic conditions prevalent in India, which may be significantly harmed by political instability or regional conflicts, a general rise in interest rates, inflation and economic slowdown elsewhere in the world or otherwise. The Indian economy also remains largely driven by the performance of the agriculture sector which depends on the quality of monsoon, which is difficult to predict. Although the Indian economy has continued to grow in the past few years, any future slowdown in the Indian economy or a further increase in inflation could have a material adverse effect on the demand for power and, as a result, on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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India’s trade relationships with other countries and its trade deficit may significantly harm Indian economic conditions. If trade deficits increase or are no longer manageable because of an unexpected rise in global crude oil prices or otherwise, the Indian economy, and therefore our business, our financial performance and the price of our equity shares could be significantly harmed.

India also faces major challenges in sustaining its growth, which include the need for substantial infrastructure development and improving access to healthcare and education. If India’s economic growth cannot be sustained or otherwise slows down significantly, our business and prospects could be significantly harmed.

Stringent labor laws may harm our ability to have flexible human resource policies and labor union problems could negatively affect our processing capacity, construction schedules, cash flows and overall profitability.

India has stringent labor legislation that protects the interests of workers, including legislation that sets forth detailed procedures for dispute resolution and employee removal, imposes financial obligations on employers upon employee layoffs and regulates contract labor. These laws may restrict our ability to have human resource policies that would allow us to react swiftly to the needs of our business, discharge employees or downsize. We may also experience labor unrest in the future, which may delay our construction schedules or disrupt our operations. If such delays or disruptions occur or continue for a prolonged period of time, our processing capacity and overall profitability could be negatively affected. We also depend on third party contract labor. It is possible under Indian law that we may be held responsible for wage payments to these laborers if their contractors default on payment. We may be held liable for any non-payment by contractors and any such order or direction from a court or any other regulatory authority may harm our business, results of our operations and cash flows.

Foreign investment laws in India include certain restrictions, which may affect our future acquisitions or investments in India.

India regulates ownership of Indian companies by non-residents, although some restrictions on foreign investment have been relaxed in recent years. Under current Indian regulations, transfers of shares between non-residents and residents are permitted (subject to certain exceptions) if they comply with, among other things, the guidelines specified by the Reserve Bank of India in relation to pricing and valuation of such shares and certain reporting requirements for such transactions specified by the Reserve Bank of India. If the transfer of shares is not in compliance with such pricing guidelines or reporting requirements or falls under any of the exceptions specified by the Reserve Bank of India, the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India will be required before any such transfer may be consummated. We may not be able to obtain any required approval from the Reserve Bank of India or any other Indian regulatory authority on any particular terms or at all.

For example, under its consolidated foreign direct investment policy, the Indian government has set out additional requirements for foreign investments in India, including requirements with respect to downstream investments by Indian companies owned or controlled by non-resident entities and the transfer of ownership or control, from resident Indian persons or entities to non-residents, of Indian companies in sectors with limits on foreign investment. As substantially all of AZI’s equity shares are directly held by Azure Power Global Limited, it would be considered an entity owned and controlled by non-residents under applicable Indian laws. Accordingly, any downstream investment by Azure Power Global Limited into another Indian company will have to be in compliance with conditions applicable to such Indian entity, in accordance with the consolidated foreign direct investment policy. There are guidelines in relation to pricing and valuation of shares and restrictions on sources of funding for such investments. While these guidelines currently do not materially limit our planned investments in our Indian subsidiaries, to the extent they become more restrictive, they may restrict our ability to make further equity investments in India, including through Azure Power Global Limited.

Further, India’s Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder prohibit us from borrowing from our Indian subsidiaries. We are permitted to lend to our

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Indian subsidiaries subject to compliance with India’s policy on external commercial borrowings as notified by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time, which specifies certain conditions, including in relation to eligible lenders and borrowers, permitted end use and limits on the all-in-cost.

Our ability to raise foreign capital may be constrained by Indian law.

Our Indian subsidiaries are subject to exchange controls that regulate borrowing in foreign currencies. Such regulatory restrictions limit our financing sources and hence could constrain our ability to obtain financings on competitive terms and refinance existing indebtedness. In addition, we cannot assure you that the required approvals will be granted to us without onerous conditions, or at all. Limitations on raising foreign debt may have an adverse impact on our business growth, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The new tax reforms could adversely affect our business.

There are two major reforms in Indian tax laws, namely the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (the “GST”) and provisions relating to General Anti-Avoidance Rules (“GAAR”).

The government has implemented the GST regime in India with effect from July 1, 2017, unifying and replacing various indirect taxes applicable earlier. The GST will lead to minor increase in the cost of operations of the onshore subsidiaries since various services received by the onshore subsidiaries will now be taxed at the rate of 18% under GST as compared to the earlier service tax which was charged at the rate of 15%.

The provisions of GAAR came into effect on April 1, 2017. The GAAR provisions can be invoked once an arrangement is regarded as an “impermissible avoidance arrangements”, which is any arrangement, or a part of it, the main purpose of which is to obtain a tax benefit and which satisfies at least one of the following tests: (i) creates rights, or obligations, which are not ordinarily created between persons dealing at arm’s length; (ii) results, directly or indirectly, in misuse, or abuse, of the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961; (iii) lacks commercial substance or is deemed to lack commercial substance, in whole or in part; or (iv) is entered into, or carried out, by means, or in a manner, which is not ordinarily employed for bona fide purposes. The onus to prove that the transaction is not an “impermissible avoidance agreement” is on the assessee, i.e. an arrangement shall be presumed, unless it is proved to the contrary by the assessee. If GAAR provisions are invoked, then the tax authorities have wide powers, including denial of tax benefit or a benefit under a tax treaty the consequences and effects of which are not determinable at present. Such effects could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.

Investors may not be able to enforce a judgment of a foreign court against our Indian subsidiaries, certain of our directors, or our key management, except by way of a suit in India on such judgment.

All of our operating subsidiaries are incorporated under the laws of India. In addition, certain of our directors and substantially all of our key management personnel reside in India, and all or a substantial portion of our assets and such persons are located in India. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process upon such persons outside India, or to enforce judgments obtained against such parties outside India. In India, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under Section 13 and Section 44A of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (the “Civil Code”) on a statutory basis. Section 13 of the Civil Code provides that a foreign judgment shall be conclusive regarding any matter directly adjudicated upon, except: (i) where the judgment has not been pronounced by a court of competent jurisdiction; (ii) where the judgment has not been given on the merits of the case; (iii) where it appears on the face of the proceedings that the judgment is founded on an incorrect view of international law or a refusal to recognize the law of India in cases to which such law is applicable; (iv) where the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were opposed to natural justice; (v) where the judgment has been obtained by fraud; and (vi) where the judgment sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law then in force in India.

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Under the Civil Code, a court in India shall, upon the production of any document purporting to be a certified copy of a foreign judgment, presume that the judgment was pronounced by a court of competent jurisdiction unless the contrary appears on record.

India is not a party to any international treaty in relation to the recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments. Section 44A of the Civil Code provides that where a foreign judgment has been rendered by a superior court, within the meaning of such section, in any country or territory outside India, which the Indian Government has by notification declared to be a reciprocating territory, it may be enforced in India by proceedings in execution as if the judgment had been rendered by the relevant court in India. However, Section 44A of the Civil Code is applicable only to monetary decrees not being in the nature of any amounts payable in respect of taxes, other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalties and does not apply to arbitration awards. Further, the execution of the foreign decree under Section 44A of the Civil Code is also subject to the exceptions under Section 13 of the Civil Code.

The United Kingdom, Singapore and Hong Kong (among others) have been declared by the Indian Government to be reciprocating territories for the purposes of Section 44A. However, the United States has not been declared by the Indian Government to be a reciprocating territory for the purposes of Section 44A of the Civil Code. Accordingly, a judgment of a court in a country which is not a reciprocating territory may be enforced in India only by a fresh proceeding suit instituted in a court of India and not by proceedings in execution. Such a suit has to be filed in India within three years from the date of the judgment in the same manner as any other suit filed in India to enforce a civil liability in India. It is unlikely that a court in India would award damages on the same basis as a foreign court would, if an action were brought in India. Further, it is unlikely that an Indian court would enforce foreign judgments if that court were of the view that the amount of damages awarded was excessive or inconsistent with Indian public policy. A party seeking to enforce a foreign judgment in India is required to obtain approval from the RBI to repatriate outside India any amount recovered pursuant to the execution of such judgment and such amount may be subject to income tax in accordance with applicable laws. In addition, any judgment awarding damages in a foreign currency would be converted into Indian Rupees on the date of the judgment and not the date of payment. We cannot predict whether a suit instituted in an Indian court will be disposed of in a timely manner or be subject to considerable delay.

Changing laws, rules and regulations and legal uncertainties, including adverse application of corporate and tax laws, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The regulatory and policy environment in which we operate is evolving and subject to change. Such changes, including the instances mentioned below, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects, to the extent that we are unable to suitably respond to and comply with any such changes in applicable law and policy.

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Uncertainty in the applicability, interpretation or implementation of any amendment to, or change in, governing law, regulation or policy in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including by reason of an absence, or a limited body, of administrative or judicial precedent may be time consuming as well as costly for us to resolve and may impact the viability of our current business or restrict our ability to grow our business in the future. For instance, media reports indicate that certain domestic solar panel manufacturers have approached the Directorate General of Anti-Dumping, requesting imposition of anti-dumping duties on imports of solar panels from certain countries, including China and Taiwan, claiming that imported solar panels were sold at lower prices than solar panels sold by domestic manufacturers, resulting in damage to the domestic market. The Government of India, Department of Revenue has the power to notify imposition of anti-dumping duty, in exercise of its powers under the Customs Act, 1962, read with the Customs Tariff Rules, 2002. In the event anti-dumping duty is levied, or other trade restrictions are imposed, on imports of solar panels from such countries, our costs of purchase of solar panels may substantially increase, which could harm our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Natural calamities could have a negative impact on the Indian economy and adversely affect our business and project operations.

India has experienced natural calamities such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and drought in the past few years. In June 2013, the state of Uttarakhand in northern India experienced widespread floods and landslides. Similarly, in December 2016, cyclonic storm resulted in heavy rains over the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India and adjoining areas, as a result of which, many parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh witnessed massive damage. The extent and severity of these natural disasters determines their impact on the Indian economy. If climatic conditions or natural disasters occur in areas where our solar projects and project teams are located, project development, connectivity to the power grid and the provision of O&M services may be adversely affected. In particular, materials may not be delivered as scheduled and labor may not be available. Substantially all of our operations and employees are located in India and there can be no assurance that we will not be adversely affected by natural disasters in the future.

In recent years, certain regions of the world, including India, have experienced outbreaks of swine flu caused by the H1N1 virus. Any future outbreak of swine flu or other health epidemics, such as the outbreak of the Ebola virus, may restrict the level of business activity in affected areas which could adversely affect our business.

Terrorist acts and other acts of violence involving India or other neighboring countries could significantly harm our operations directly, or may result in a more general loss of customer confidence and reduced investment in these countries that causes significant harm to our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war involving India or other neighboring countries may significantly harm the Indian markets and the worldwide financial markets. The occurrence of any of these events may result in a loss of business confidence, which could potentially lead to economic recession and generally cause significant harm to our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. In addition, any deterioration in international relations may result in investor concern regarding regional stability, which could decrease the price of our equity shares.

South Asia has also experienced instances of civil unrest and hostilities among neighboring countries from time to time. There have also been incidents in and near India such as terrorist attacks in Mumbai, Delhi and on the Indian Parliament, troop mobilizations along the Pakistan and Chinese borders and an aggravated geopolitical situation in the region. Such military activity or terrorist attacks in the future could significantly harm the Indian economy by disrupting communications and making travel more difficult. Resulting political tensions could create a greater perception that investments in Indian companies involve a high degree of risk. Furthermore, if India were to become engaged in armed hostilities, particularly hostilities that were protracted or involved the

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threat or use of nuclear weapons, we might not be able to continue our operations. Our insurance policies for a certain part of our business do not cover terrorist attacks or business interruptions from terrorist attacks or for other reasons.

Risks Related to Investments in Mauritian Companies

As our shareholder, you may have greater difficulties in protecting your interests than as a shareholder of a United States corporation.

We are incorporated under the laws of Mauritius. The laws generally applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders may provide shareholders of United States corporations with rights and protection for which there may be no corresponding or similar provisions under the Companies Act 2001 of Mauritius, as amended, or the Mauritius Companies Act. As such, being shareholder of our equity shares, you may or may not be accorded the same level of shareholder rights and protection that a shareholder of a United States corporation may be accorded under the laws generally applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Taken together with the provisions of our constitution, which we adopted with effect upon completion of our public offering in October 2016, or Constitution, some of these differences may result in you having greater difficulties in protecting your interests as our shareholder than you would have as a shareholder of a United States corporation. This affects, among other things, the circumstances under which transactions involving an interested director are voidable, whether an interested director can be held accountable for any benefit realized in a transaction with us, what rights you may have as a shareholder to enforce specified provisions of the Mauritius Companies Act or our Constitution, and the circumstances under which we may indemnify our directors and officers.

We may become subject to unanticipated tax liabilities that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We are a Mauritius Category 1 Global Business Company, or GBC1, and are tax resident in Mauritius. The Income Tax Act 1995 of Mauritius imposes a tax in Mauritius on the chargeable income of our company at the rate of 15%. However, under the Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996 of Mauritius, subject to the Income Tax Act 1995 and the regulations under the Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996, credit is allowed for foreign tax on the foreign source income of a resident of Mauritius against Mauritius tax computed by reference to the same income, and where credit is allowed against Mauritius tax chargeable in respect of any income, the amount of Mauritius tax so chargeable shall be reduced by the amount of the credit. Under the Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996, “foreign source income” means income which is not derived from Mauritius and includes in the case of a corporation holding a GBC1 license, under the Financial Services Act 2007 of Mauritius, income derived in the course of a global business. Subject to the provisions of the Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996, no credit is allowed in respect of foreign tax unless written evidence is presented to the Mauritius Revenue Authority showing the amount of foreign tax which has been charged and for this purpose, “written evidence” includes a receipt of the relevant authorities of the foreign country for the foreign tax or any other evidence that the foreign tax has been deducted or paid to the relevant authorities of that country. However, pursuant to Regulation 8 of the Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996, if written evidence is not presented to the Mauritius Revenue Authority showing the amount of foreign tax charged on our company’s foreign source income, the amount of foreign tax shall nevertheless be conclusively presumed to be equal to 80% of the Mauritius tax chargeable with respect to that income and in such circumstance, the effective tax rate in Mauritius on our company’s chargeable income would be 3%.

Following amendments to the Financial Services Act 2007 of Mauritius pursuant to the Finance (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2010 in December 2010, Mauritius companies holding a GBC1 issued by the Financial Services Commission in Mauritius are permitted to conduct business both in and outside Mauritius (instead of outside Mauritius only). The operations of a GBC1 company in Mauritius will be subject to tax on chargeable income at the rate of 15% in Mauritius.

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We hold tax residence certificates issued by the Mauritius Revenue Authority. We believe that a significant portion of the income derived from our operations will not be subject to tax in countries in which we conduct activities or in which our customers are located, other than Mauritius and India. However, this belief is based on the anticipated nature and conduct of our business, which may change. It is also based on our understanding of our position under the tax laws of the countries in which we have assets or conduct activities. This position is subject to review and possible challenge by taxing authorities and to possible changes in law that may have retroactive effect. Our results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if we become subject to a significant amount of unanticipated tax liabilities.

Anti-takeover provisions in our constitutional documents and under Mauritius law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our shareholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our equity shares.

Provisions in our Constitution may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or changes in our management. Our Constitution includes the following provisions which may be regarded as defensive measures:

These provisions may restrict or prevent any attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for shareholders to replace members of our Board of Directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management team. The provisions could also deprive our shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transactions.

Risks Related to Our Equity Shares

An Active or Liquid Trading Market for Our Equity Shares May Not Be Maintained.

An active, liquid trading market for our equity shares may not be maintained in the long term and we cannot be certain that any trading market for our equity shares will be sustained or that the present price will correspond to the future price at which our equity shares will trade. Loss of liquidity could increase the price volatility of our equity shares.

Any additional issuance of equity shares or other equity-related securities would dilute the positions of existing investors in the equity shares and could adversely affect the market price of our equity shares. We cannot assure you that our equity shares will not decline below their prevailing market price. You may be unable to sell your equity shares at a price that is attractive to you.

The market price of our equity shares has been and may continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The trading price of our equity shares has been volatile since our initial public offering, and is likely to continue to be volatile. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our equity shares include — trading volume, prices of other securities, market trends, growth of other comparable companies, changes in operating performance, sale of additional shares in the market by us or by other investors, coverage by security

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analysts, changes in financial estimates, failure to meet analyst or market expectations, press releases by us or our competitors, market speculations, changes in tax and other incentives, regulatory and policy changes, litigations, business acquisitions, changes in accounting standards and economic conditions.

Further, in recent years the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In addition, the stock prices of many renewable energy companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, government shutdowns, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of our equity shares to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of our equity shares in the public market, including by our existing stockholders, could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of our equity shares in the public market, or the perception that the sales might occur, could depress the market price of our equity shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that these sales and others may have on the prevailing market price of our equity shares.

In addition, certain of our stockholders can require us to register shares of our capital stock owned by them for public sale in the United States. We have also filed a registration statement to register our equity shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. Subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and applicable volume and restrictions that apply to affiliates, our equity shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options will become available for immediate resale in the public market upon issuance.

Future sales of our equity shares may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause the market price of our equity shares to decline and make it more difficult for you to sell our equity shares.

You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us, our directors and management.

We are incorporated under the laws of Mauritius. Further, we conduct substantially all of our operations in India through our key operating subsidiary in India. The majority of our directors and officers reside outside the United States, and a majority of our assets and some or all of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to effect service of process within the United States upon us or those persons, or to recover against us or them on judgments of United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws. An award of punitive damages under a United States court judgment based upon United States federal securities laws is likely to be construed by Mauritian and Indian courts to be penal in nature and therefore unenforceable in both Mauritius and India. Further, no claim may be brought in Mauritius or India against us or our directors and officers in the first instance for violation of United States federal securities laws because these laws have no extraterritorial application under Mauritian or Indian law and do not have force of law in Mauritius or India. However, a Mauritian or Indian court may impose civil liability, including the possibility of monetary damages, on us or our directors and officers if the facts alleged in a complaint constitute or give rise to a cause of action under Mauritian or Indian law. Moreover, it is unlikely that a court in Mauritius or India would award damages on the same basis as a foreign court if an action were brought in Mauritius or India or that a Mauritian or Indian court would enforce foreign judgments if it viewed the amount of damages as excessive or inconsistent with Mauritius or Indian practice or public policy.

The courts of Mauritius or India would not automatically enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against us or our directors and officers, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the

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United States federal securities laws, or entertain actions brought in Mauritius or India against us or such persons predicated solely upon United States federal securities laws. Further, there is no treaty in effect between the United States and Mauritius providing for the enforcement of judgments of United States courts in civil and commercial matters and the United States has not been declared by the Indian government to be a reciprocating territory for the purposes of enforcement of foreign judgments, and there are grounds upon which Mauritian or Indian courts may decline to enforce the judgments of United States courts. Some remedies available under the laws of United States jurisdictions, including remedies available under the United States federal securities laws, may not be allowed in Mauritian or Indian courts if contrary to public policy in Mauritius or India. Because judgments of United States courts are not automatically enforceable in Mauritius or India, it may be difficult for you to recover against us or our directors and officers based upon such judgments. In India, prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India is required in order to repatriate any amount recovered pursuant to such judgments.

We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our equity shares.

We have not paid dividends on any of our equity shares to date and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our equity shares are likely to be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Consequently, you will likely only experience a gain from your investment in our equity shares if the price of our equity shares increases.

In addition, our ability and decisions whether to pay dividends in the future will depend on our earnings, financial condition and capital requirements. Dividends to U.S. holders may be negatively affected by foreign currency fluctuations. We may not generate sufficient income to cover our operating expenses and pay dividends to our shareholders, or at all. Our ability to pay dividends also could be restricted under financing arrangements that we may enter into in the future and we may be required to obtain the approval of lenders in the event we are in default of our repayment obligations. We may be unable to pay dividends in the near or medium term, and our future dividend policy will depend on our capital requirements, financing arrangements, results of operations and financial condition. Dividends distributed by us will attract dividend distribution tax at rates applicable from time to time.

Our holding company will have to rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our operating subsidiaries and limitations on their ability to pay dividends to us could adversely impact your ability to receive dividends on our equity shares.

Since we cannot borrow from our Indian subsidiaries, dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our operating subsidiaries will be our principal source for cash in order for us to fund our operations including corporate expenses. Accordingly, we may need to issue additional equity or borrow funds, either of which may be unavailable on attractive terms, if at all.

If our operating subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our holding company. As our key operating subsidiary is established in India, it is also subject to certain limitations with respect to dividend payments. As of the date of this annual report, AZI has not paid any cash dividends on its equity shares and does not intend to pay dividends to its equity shareholders, including Azure Power Global Limited, in the foreseeable future. Moreover, as we do not own 100% of AZI, any dividend payment made by AZI to us will also involve a payment to the other shareholders of AZI.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and we will, follow certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain requirements applicable to U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our equity shares.

As a foreign private issuer listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain NYSE requirements. A foreign private

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issuer must disclose in its annual reports filed with the SEC, each NYSE requirement with which it does not comply followed by a description of its applicable home country practice. As a company incorporated in Mauritius and which is listed on the NYSE, we may follow our home country practice with respect to the composition of our Board of Directors and executive sessions. Unlike the requirements of the NYSE, the corporate governance practice and requirements in Mauritius do not require us as a GBC1 to have the majority of our Board of Directors be independent or to hold regular executive sessions where only independent directors shall be present. Such Mauritian home country practices may afford less protection to holders of our equity shares than would be available to the shareholders of a U.S. corporation.

If we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of rules and regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including the furnishing and content of proxy statements, compliance with the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act applicable to executive officers, directors and principal shareholders. We are required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic issuers, and we are not required to disclose in our periodic reports all of the information that U.S. domestic issuers are required to disclose. If we do not qualify as a foreign private issuer, we will be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.

For as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements that apply to other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, enacted on April 5, 2012. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of certain exemptions from reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These include: (1) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) not being required to comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer, (3) not being required to comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 unless the SEC determines otherwise, and (4) not being required to provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years from the end of fiscal year 2017, although, if the market value of our equity shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds US$ 700 million as of any September 30 before the end of that five-year period, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the following April 1. The Company early adopted certain new accounting pronouncements that are applicable for public companies and irrevocably elected to follow the public company accounting requirements. This will result in adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)’s Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”), as it would be applicable for other public companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our equity shares less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our equity shares less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our equity shares and our share price may be more volatile. Further, as a result of these scaled regulatory requirements, our disclosure may be more limited than that of other public companies and you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of such companies.

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You may be subject to Indian taxes on income arising through the sale of our equity shares.

Pursuant to recent amendments to the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, as amended, income arising directly or indirectly through the sale of a capital asset, including any share or interest in a company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India, will be liable to tax in India, if such share or interest derives, directly or indirectly, its value substantially from assets (whether tangible or intangible) located in India and whether or not the seller of such share or interest has a residence, place of business, business connection, or any other presence in India. The share or interest of the company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India is deemed to derive its value substantially from the assets located in India if the value of such Indian assets exceeds INR 100 million and represents at least 50% of the value of all the assets owned by the company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India. Substantially all of our assets are located in India.

However, if the transferor of share or interest in a company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India (along with its associated enterprises), neither holds the right of management or control in the company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India nor holds voting power or share capital or interest exceeding 5% of the total voting power or total share capital or interest in the company or entity registered or incorporated outside of India, at any time during the twelve months preceding the date of transfer, such small shareholders are exempt from the indirect transfer provisions mentioned above. The amendments also do not deal with the interplay between the amendments to the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, as amended, and the existing Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements that India has entered into with countries such as the United States in case of an indirect transfer. Accordingly, the implications of the recent amendments are presently unclear. If it is determined that these amendments apply to a holder of our equity shares, such holder could be liable to pay taxes in India on such income.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our equity shares adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our equity shares is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who cover us or may cover us in the future change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who covers us or may cover us in the future were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Future issuances of any equity securities may cause a dilution in your shareholding, decrease the trading price of our equity shares, and restrictions agreed to as part of debt financing arrangements may place restrictions on our operations.

Any issuance of equity securities after our initial offering could dilute the interests of our shareholders and could substantially decrease the trading price of our equity shares. We may issue equity or equity-linked securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy (including in connection with acquisitions and other transactions), to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of then-outstanding options or other equity-linked securities, if any, or for other reasons. Issuance of such additional securities may significantly dilute the equity interests of investors, since initial offering who will not have pre-emptive rights with respect to such an issuance, subordinate the rights of holders of equity shares if preferred shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded to our equity shares, or harm prevailing market prices for our equity shares.

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We may not be able to successfully complete acquisitions or enhance post-acquisition performances.

In addition to our organic growth, we intend to continue to accelerate our business growth through strategic acquisitions when suitable opportunities arise. However, our ability to consummate acquisitions is subject to various risks and uncertainties, including:

Even if we are able to consummate acquisitions, our ability to grow our business through such acquisitions remains subject to further risks and uncertainties which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including that:

Furthermore, the process of pursuing and consummating acquisitions and integrating and managing acquired businesses, whether or not successful, could divert our resources and management attention from our existing business and disrupt our operations.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to certain U.S. investors of our equity shares.

A non-U.S. corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. We do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year or future taxable years. However, our PFIC status is a factual determination made after the close of each taxable year that will depend, in part, on the composition of our income and assets, and thus, there can be no assurance that we will not be treated as a PFIC in our current taxable year or future taxable years. See “Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — U.S. Federal Income Taxation — Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

Founded by Inderpreet Wadhwa in 2008, we developed India’s first utility scale solar project in 2009. As of March 31, 2018, we operated 35 utility scale projects and several commercial rooftop projects with a combined rated capacity of 911 MW which represents a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 94%, since March 2012. As of such date we were also constructing 10 projects with a combined rated capacity of 743 MW and had an additional 544 MW committed, bringing our total portfolio capacity to 1,871 MW. Megawatts committed represents the aggregate megawatt rated capacity of solar power plants pursuant to customer power purchase agreements, or PPAs, signed or allotted but not yet commissioned and operational as of the reporting date.

B. Business Overview

Our mission is to be the lowest-cost power producer in the world. We sell solar power in India on long-term fixed price contracts to our customers, at prices which in many cases are at or below prevailing alternatives for these customers. We are also developing micro-grid applications for the highly fragmented and underserved electricity market in India. Since 2011, we have achieved an 85% reduction in total solar project cost, which includes a significant decrease in balance of systems costs due in part to our value engineering, design and procurement efforts.

Indian solar capacity installed reached approximately 22 GW at the end of March 2018 with a target to achieve 100 GW of installed solar capacity by 2022. Solar power is a cleaner, faster-to-build and cost-effective alternative energy solution to coal and diesel-based power, the economic and climate costs of which continue to increase every year.

We developed India’s first utility scale solar project in 2009. As of March 31, 2018, we operated 35 utility scale projects and several commercial rooftop projects with a combined rated capacity of 911 MW which represents a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 94%, since March 2012. As of such date we were also constructing ten projects with a combined rated capacity of 416 MW and had an additional 544 MW committed, bringing our total portfolio capacity to 1,871 MW. Megawatts committed represents the aggregate megawatt rated capacity of solar power plants pursuant to customer power purchase agreements, or PPAs, signed or allotted but not yet commissioned and operational as of the reporting date.

Our ability to achieve these goals will depend on, among other things, our ability to acquire the required land for the new capacity (on lease or direct purchase,) raising adequate project financing and working capital, the growth of the Indian power market in line with current government targets, our ability to maintain our market share of India’s installed capacity as competition increases, the need to further strengthen our operations team to execute the increased capacity, and the need to further strengthen our systems and processes to manage the ensuing growth opportunities, as well as the other risks and challenges discussed under the caption “Item. 3 Key Information — D. Risk Factors.”

Utility scale solar projects are typically awarded through government auctions. We believe the strong demand for our solar power is a result of the following:

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We generate revenue from a mix of leading government utilities and commercial entities. Because we have our own EPC and O&M capabilities, we retain the profit margins associated with those services that other project developers may need to pay to third-party providers.

Market Opportunity

India’s economic growth is intrinsically linked to the increasing consumption of energy and natural resources. Energy demand has outpaced capacity additions in recent years, which has resulted in persistent peak power deficits in the country. In addition, the Indian government has made it a priority to provide electricity to the estimated 240 million people who are without this service.

Solar is an attractive option to help address this energy gap driven by regional fundamentals and regulatory support by the Indian government. The Indian government increased its 2022 target for solar capacity from 20 GW to 100 GW, ratified Paris climate change agreement and committed to 40% renewables by 2030 up from 15%. From April 2017-February 2018, 86% of total renewable installations were solar and solar has clearly outpaced all other renewables sources. The Central Government, in collaboration with the state governments, is planning to facilitate the development of 50 solar power parks of 500 MW and above to boost the solar capacity in high solar irradiation states and 30 GW of new projects are to be auctioned by 2019. As per MNRE, India installed approximately 22 GW of solar through March 2018. The state governments will identify land for the proposed solar parks, provide permits and related infrastructure such as grid interconnect systems while a government sponsored entity will commit to buy power produced from these parks. In December 2017 Government announced US$ 3.7 bn in financial assistance to DISCOMs to boost rooftop solar in India and launched ‘Shaubhagya’ allocating US$ 2.56 bn to provide 24x7 power to every house in the country

The following trends have made solar a large, rapidly growing market opportunity:

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These factors have increased the solar installation to approximately 22 GW as of March 2018. Approximately 30 GW of additional tenders have been announced under various solar policies. In addition, MNRE enhanced the capacity of solar parks and ultra-mega solar parks from 20 GW to 40 GW.

Our Approach

We sell energy to government utilities and independent industrial and commercial customers at predictable fixed prices. Since our energy generation does not rely on fossil fuels, our electricity prices are insulated from the volatility of commodity pricing. We also guarantee the electricity production of our solar power plants to our customers.

The typical project plan timeline for our projects is approximately thirteen months. The major stages of project sourcing, development and operation are bidding, land acquisition, financing, material delivery and installation, as well as monitoring and maintenance. Once a bid is won, a letter of intent is issued and all of our departments initiate their activities. After that, the PPA is signed, which reflects the commercial operation date before which a plant should be commissioned. Generally, once the letter of intent is received, we obtain the relevant land permits depending on whether the land is government-owned or private. We generally finance our projects with a 75:25 debt-to-equity ratio. Once land is obtained, our EPC team works very closely to construct and deliver the plant in the most efficient manner. Once commissioned, our O&M team monitors performance of all the projects near real time.

We utilize our integrated project development, EPC, financing and O&M services without involving multiple third-party services. This approach has allowed us to generate efficiencies of scale that further drive down system costs. A low cost structure allows us to bid for auctions strategically, which supports our high auction win rate and helps preserve our market leading position, which further reduces costs.

As the first developer and operator of utility scale solar assets in India, we believe that we are a well-established brand that has grown alongside the burgeoning Indian solar market since 2009. We have proven to be a reliable developer that successfully and expediently executes on our development pipeline and wins repeat business. Our reputation and track record give us an advantage in the auction evaluation process, improving our win rate. As a result, we believe we have become one of the largest pure solar operators in the space, which

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affords us greater negotiating power with original equipment manufacturers and project finance lenders. This in turn improves our cost and capital structure, which benefits our bid win rate.

We lower the levelized cost of energy through our three-pronged approach as follows:

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we differentiate ourselves from the competition in a number of key ways.

Lower Costs Market Leading Position, Brand and Scale Strategic and Competitive Bidding High Auction Hit Rate

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Our Business Strategy

Key elements of our business strategy include the following.

Seasonality

The energy output performance of our plants is dependent in part on the amount of sunlight. As a result, our revenue in the past has been impacted by shorter daylight hours in winters. Typically, our revenue is the lowest in the third quarter and highest in the first quarter of any given fiscal year, which for us ends on March 31. Please refer to — “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Power Purchase Agreements” for summary of our projects.

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Competition

We believe our primary competitors are other solar developers such as Renew Power, Tata Power Solar Systems Limited, Adani Power Limited and ACME Cleantech Solutions Private Limited. Competition to acquire new projects occurs at the development stage as we bid for long term PPAs in central and state solar power auctions. We compete with other solar developers based on a number of factors, including the sourcing of solar projects, reputation and track record, relationship with government authorities, access to capital and control over quality, access to project land, efficiency and reliability in project development. Based on these factors, we believe that we compete favourably with our competitors in the regions we service.

We also compete with utilities generating power from conventional fossil fuels. Utilities generating conventional energy face rising costs as the constraints on domestic fuel supply continue and these energy sources do not benefit from various governmental incentives available to renewable energy producers. As we reduce our levelized cost and achieve parity with conventional energy suppliers, we expect to compete favourably with these suppliers on the basis of cost and reliability.

However, we cannot guarantee that some of our competitors do not or will not have advantages over us in terms of larger size, internal access to solar panels and greater operational, financial, technical, management, lower cost of capital or other resources.

Project Development

We participate in central- and state-level renewable energy auctions to build our utility scale portfolio. Our track record and size ensure we are able to participate in all auctions. Our in-house EPC and O&M capabilities and our pan-India presence provide us with greater visibility into competitive metrics, which allows us to bid strategically to maintain a high win rate while preserving good project economics.

The major stages of project sourcing, development and operation:

Before Bid Post Bid Project Finance EPC Auction tendered Land/substation identification Project analysis Bid compilation and submission PPA signed Land identified and acquired/leased Permits obtained SPVs formed Term sheet signed Due diligence conducted Loan documents disbursed DC, mechanical and AC designs created Block components procured Project constructed Commercial operation date

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Suppliers and Service Providers

We purchase major components such as solar panels and inverters directly from multiple manufacturers. There are several suppliers in the market and we select our suppliers based on expected cost, reliability, warranty coverage, ease of installation and other ancillary costs. As of the date of this annual report, our primary solar panel suppliers were First Solar FE Holdings PTE Ltd., Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd., Hanwha Q CELLS Co. Ltd and Canadian Solar Inc., and our primary inverter suppliers were SMA Solar Technology AG, Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd., ABB India Limited, and Bonfiglioli Renewable Power Conversion India Pvt Ltd. We also engage the engineering services of Lahmeyer Group, Black & Veatch and Fichtner Consulting Engineers. We typically enter into master contractual arrangements with our major suppliers that define the general terms and conditions of our purchases, including warranties, product specifications, indemnities, delivery and other customary terms. We normally purchase solar panels and the balance of system components on an as-needed basis from our suppliers at then-prevailing prices pursuant to purchase orders issued under our master contractual arrangements. We generally do not have any supplier arrangements that contain long-term pricing or volume commitments, although at times in the past we have made limited purchase commitments to ensure sufficient supply of components. The prices of components for our solar power plants have declined over time as the manufacturers have lowered their cost of production, although the pace of this decline has been slowing recently.

We source lender technical due diligence and supplier third party certification from Lahmeyer International (India) Private Limited.

Government Regulations

The Electricity Act, 2003

The Electricity Act, 2003, or Electricity Act, regulates and governs the generation, transmission, distribution, trading and use of electricity in India. Under the Electricity Act, the transmission, distribution and trade of electricity are regulated activities that require licenses from the relevant electricity regulatory commission (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission), State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, or SERCs, or the joint commission (constituted by an agreement entered into by two or more state governments or the central government in relation to one or more state governments, as the case may be).

In terms of the Electricity Act, any generating company may establish, operate and maintain generating stations without obtaining a license if it complies with prescribed technical standards relating to grid connectivity. The generating company is required to establish, operate and maintain generating stations, tie-lines, sub-stations and dedicated transmission lines.

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Further, the generating company may supply electricity to any licensee or even directly to consumers, subject to availing open access to the transmission and distribution systems and payment of transmission charges, including wheeling charges and open access charges, as may be determined by the relevant electricity regulatory commission. In terms of the Electricity Act, open access means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or associated facilities with such lines or system, by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the relevant electricity regulatory commission.

The relevant electricity regulatory commission is empowered to, among other things, determine or adopt the tariff for supply of electricity from the generating company to a distribution licensee (such as the distribution utility companies), for transmission of electricity, wheeling of electricity and retail sale of electricity. However, the relevant electricity regulatory commission may, in case of shortage of supply of electricity, fix the minimum and maximum tariffs for sale or purchase of electricity under agreements between a generating company and a licensee or between licensees, for a period not exceeding one year, to ensure reasonable prices of electricity. While determining the tariff, commissions are required to be guided by, among others, the promotion of co-generation and generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy.

Under the Electricity Act, certain offences including the theft of electricity, electric lines and materials, interference with meters or works of a licensee, the negligent waste of electricity and non-compliance of orders or directions attract monetary penalties ranging from INR 0.01 million to INR 0.1 million and imprisonment for periods ranging from three months to three years. Additionally, non-compliance with orders of the Regional Load Dispatch Centre and State Load Dispatch Centre may result in penalties of up to INR 15 million.

Further, the Electricity Rules, 2005, or the Electricity Rules, also prescribe a regulatory framework for developing captive generating plants. Pursuant to the Electricity Rules, a power plant shall qualify as a captive power plant only if not less than 26% of the ownership is held by captive users and not less than 51% of the aggregate electricity generated in such plant, determined on an annual basis, is consumed for captive use. Further, in case of association of persons, the captive users are required to hold not less than 26% of the ownership of the plant in aggregate and consume not less than 51% of the electricity generated, determined on an annual basis, in proportion to their share ownership in the power plant within a variation not exceeding 10%.

In case of a generating station owned by a company formed as a special purpose vehicle, the electricity required to be consumed by captive users is to be determined with reference to such unit or units identified for captive use and not with reference to the generating station as a whole and equity shares to be held by the captive users must not be less than 26% of the proportionate equity interest of the company related to the generating unit or units identified as the captive generating plant.

The Electricity (Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced in the lower house of the Indian Parliament to amend certain provisions of the Electricity Act. Among others, the amendment empowers the Indian government to establish and review a national renewable energy policy, tariff policy and electricity policy. Further, the Indian government may, in consultation with the state governments, notify policies and adopt measures for promotion of renewable energy generation including through tax rebates, generation linked incentive, creation of national renewable energy fund, development of renewable industry and for effective implementation and enforcement of such measures.

The generating company is also required to ensure compliance with certain other regulations, including the Central Electricity Authority (Safety Requirements for Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations, 2011.

The National Electricity Policy, 2005

The Indian government approved the National Electricity Policy on February 12, 2005, in accordance with the provisions of the Electricity Act. The National Electricity Policy, 2005 has material effects on our business

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since it provides the policy framework to the central and state Electricity Regulatory Commission in developing the power sector, supplying electricity and protecting interests of consumers and other stakeholders, while keeping in view the availability of energy resources, technology available to exploit such resources, economics of generation using different resources and energy security issues. The National Electricity Policy emphasizes the need to promote generation of electricity based on non-conventional sources of energy.

The National Electricity Policy provides that the SERCs should specify appropriate tariffs in order to promote renewable energy, until renewable energy power producers relying on non-conventional technologies can compete with conventional sources of energy. The SERCs are required to ensure progressive increase in the share of generation of electricity from renewable energy sources and provide suitable measures for connectivity with grid and sale of electricity to any person. Further, the SERCs are required to specify, for the purchase of electricity from renewable energy sources, a percentage of the total consumption of electricity in the area of a distribution licensee. Furthermore, the National Electricity Policy provides that such purchase of electricity by distribution companies should be through a competitive bidding process. The National Electricity Policy permits the SERCs to determine appropriate differential prices for the purchase of electricity from renewable energy power producers, in order to promote renewable sources of energy.

The National Tariff Policy, 2016

The Indian Government notified the revised National Tariff Policy effective from January 28, 2016. Among others, the National Tariff Policy seeks to ensure availability of electricity to consumers at reasonable and competitive rates, financial viability of the sector and attract investments and promote generation of electricity from renewable sources.

The National Tariff Policy mandates that state electricity regulatory commissions must reserve a minimum percentage for purchase of solar energy equivalent to 8% of total consumption of energy by March 2022. In order to further encourage renewable sources of energy, the National Tariff Policy mandates that no inter-state transmission charges and losses shall be levied till such period as may be notified on transmission of the electricity generated from solar power plants through the inter-state transmission system for sale. In addition, the Ministry of Power, Government of India, as an incentive to solar power developers and end consumers, waived inter-state transmission charges and losses for a period of 25 years from the date of commissioning a solar power project so long as the project is commissioned before December 2019 and so long as the power is sold to a distribution company.

Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for Tariff Determination from Renewable Energy Sources) Regulations, 2017

The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has announced the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for Tariff Determination from Renewable Energy Sources) Regulations, 2017, or Tariff Regulations, which prescribes the criteria that may be taken into consideration by the SERCs while determining the tariff for the sale of electricity generated from renewable energy sources which include, among others, return on equity, interest on loan capital and depreciation. Accordingly, such tariff cannot be determined independently by renewable energy power producers such as our company. Pursuant to the National Tariff Policy, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission is required to determine the rate of return on equity which may be adopted by the SERCs to determine the generic tariff, keeping in view the overall risk and prevalent cost of capital, which factors are also to be taken into consideration by SERCs while determining the tariff rate. The Tariff Regulations prescribe that the normative return on equity shall be 14% per annum to be grossed up by prevailing minimum alternate tax as on April 1 of the previous year for the entire useful life of the project.

The Tariff Regulations also provide the mechanism for sharing of carbon credits from approved clean development mechanism projects between renewable energy power producers and the concerned beneficiaries.

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Under the Tariff Regulations, the project developer is entitled to retain 100% of the gross proceeds on account of clean development mechanism project benefit in the first year after the date of commercial operation of the generating station. Subsequently, in the second year, the share of the beneficiaries is increased to 10% and then progressively increased by 10% every year until it reaches 50% after which the clean development mechanism project proceeds are to be shared equally between the generating company and the beneficiaries.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

The NSM was approved by the Indian government on November 19, 2009 and launched on January 11, 2010. The NSM has set a target of 100 GW of solar power in India by 2022 and seeks to implement and achieve the target in three phases (Phase I from 2012 to 2013, Phase II from 2013 to 2017 and Phase III from 2017 to 2022). NSM aims at creating conditions for rapid scale up of capacity and technological innovation to drive down costs towards grid parity.

Renewable Purchase Obligations

The Electricity Act promotes the development of renewable sources of energy by requiring the SERCs to ensure grid connectivity and the sale of electricity generated from renewable sources. In addition, it requires the SERCs to specify, for the purchase of electricity from renewable sources, a percentage of the total consumption of electricity within the area of a distribution licensee, which are known as RPOs. Pursuant to this mandate, most of the SERCs have specified solar and non-solar RPOs in their respective states. In terms of the RPO regulations, RPOs are required to be met by obligated entities (that is, distribution licensees, captive power plants and open access consumers) by purchasing renewable energy, either by entering into PPAs with renewable energy power producers or by purchasing renewable energy certificates. The RPO regulations require the obligated entities to purchase power from renewable energy power producers such as our company. In the event of default by an obligated entity in any fiscal year, the SERCs may direct the obligated entity to deposit an amount determined by the relevant SERC, into a fund to be utilized for, among others, the purchase of renewable energy certificates. Additionally, pursuant to the Electricity Act, a defaulting obligated entity may also be liable to pay penalty as determined by the SERCs.

In May 2015, the Supreme Court of India upheld a regulation that made it compulsory for captive power plants and open access consumers to purchase electricity to fulfill their RPOs. This landmark judgment is expected to boost the demand for renewable energy by captive players and also improve the marketability of renewable energy certificates in India.

Safety and Environmental Laws

We are governed by certain safety and environmental legislations, including the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, failure to comply with the orders and restrictions passed by the State Pollution Control Boards may result in imprisonment of a minimum term of one and a half years. Additionally, certain acts including the destruction of property of the State Pollution Control Boards, failure to intimate the emission of pollutants or failure to furnish information to the State Pollution Control Boards may attract monetary penalties of up to INR 0.01 million and imprisonment of up to three months.

The failure to comply with the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 may attract monetary penalties as levied by the State Pollution Control Board and a liability for any damage to the environment or third parties.

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Labor Laws

We are required to comply with certain labor and industrial laws, which includes the Factories Act, 1948, the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948, the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965, the Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 and the Payment of Wages Act, 1936.

Each of these legislations carry a penalty provision for non-compliance, which prescribe monetary penalties ranging from INR 0.001 million to INR 0.005 million and imprisonment for periods ranging from one month to three years.

State Regulations

Various states in India have from time to time, announced administrative policies and regulations in relation to solar power projects and related matters. These state-specific policies and regulations have material effects on our business because PPAs between project developers and state offtakers are entered into in accordance with the relevant state policies and regulations. Accordingly, these PPAs are standard form contracts and the project developers have no flexibility in negotiating the terms of the PPAs. The majority of our solar power plant generation occurs in Rajasthan, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

For instance, for our projects in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Karnataka, our projects are subject to certain state policies as discussed below.

Rajasthan

The Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Limited is the agency responsible for promoting and developing renewable energy in the state of Rajasthan. The government of Rajasthan has formulated the Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy, 2014, or Rajasthan Policy, which has come into effect on October 8, 2014 and will remain in force until superseded or modified by another policy. The Rajasthan Policy aims to create an enabling environment for installation of 25,000 MW of solar power. Generation of electricity from solar power plants under the Rajasthan Policy will be treated as an eligible industry under the scheme administered by the Industries Department, Government of Rajasthan and incentives available to industrial units under the Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme will be available to solar power projects. In accordance with the Rajasthan Policy, a solar power project with a capacity of 500 MW or more, established by a single developer at a single location with single or multiple metering requirements but having a common pooling sub-station will be considered as a mega solar power project. Mega solar power projects are entitled to an expedited project approval process.

Punjab

The Punjab Energy Development Agency is the agency responsible for promotion and development of renewable energy development projects and energy conservation schemes in the state of Punjab. The government of Punjab has formulated the New and Renewable Sources of Energy Policy-2012, or Punjab Policy, on December 26, 2012. The Punjab Policy aims to harness 1,000 MW of solar power generation capacity by 2022. All solar power projects developed under the Punjab Policy are treated as an industry in terms of industrial policy of Punjab and all the industrial incentives available to new industrial units will be applicable to solar power plants subject to the approval of Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Punjab. Additionally, solar power projects are exempt from obtaining any consent in accordance with the pollution control laws from the Punjab Pollution Control Board. The Punjab State Power Corporation Limited reserves the right of first refusal on the power generated from renewable energy certificate based solar power projects and in case of refusal, the developer is permitted to sell the power under open access.

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Karnataka

The Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Limited is the agency responsible for promoting and developing renewable energy in the state of Karnataka. The government of Karnataka has formulated the Karnataka Solar Policy 2014-2021, or Karnataka Policy, which will remain in effect until 2021 or until modified by another policy. The Karnataka Policy aims to harness a minimum of 6,000 MW by 2021 in multiple phases. Generation of solar power under the Karnataka Policy is attractive to project developers because the policy provides incentives such as tax concessions under the Karnataka Industrial Policy and central excise duty and customs duty exemptions. Solar projects are further exempt from obtaining consent from the Karnataka Pollution Control Board as required under the pollution control laws.

C. Organizational Structure

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this annual report.

Notes:

The following table sets out our significant subsidiaries on the basis of operating capacity during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Our principal executive offices are located at 3rd Floor, Asset 301-304 and 307, WorldMark 3, Aerocity, New Delhi — 110037, India, which occupies approximately 45,990 square feet of space. Our power projects are located primarily on land leased from the state governments and third parties and freehold land purchased by us from private individuals and entities. Further, we source the land required for construction of plants under the land lease arrangement or procure at the required locations of the plant. Our land lease arrangements range typically from 25 to 35 years, but our PPAs are generally for a term of 25 years. We believe that our facilities are in good condition and generally suitable and adequate for our needs in the foreseeable future. However, we will continue to seek additional space as needed to satisfy our growth.

Azure Power Global Limited(1) Azure Power Energy Limited (APEL) Azure Power India Private Limited (AZI) Azure Power Rooftop Private Limited Operating subsidiaries Azure Power Rooftop (Genco) Private Limited Operating subsidiaries

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Under U.S. GAAP, we depreciate the capital cost of solar power plants over the estimated useful life of 25 years.

We typically fund our projects through a mix of project finance and sponsor equity. We generally raise long term debt financing of approximately 75% of project costs. The remaining 25% of project costs required is met through a mix of cash flow generated from our business and equity proceeds. Our project financing agreements typically restrict the ability of our project subsidiaries to distribute funds to us unless specific financial thresholds are met on specified dates. Some of our project finance borrowings are denominated in U.S. dollars and therefore foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations can adversely impact our profitability. Some of our borrowings have variable interest rates and changes in such rates may lead to an adverse effect on our overall cost of capital.

From time to time, we have raised funds through issuance of compulsorily convertible debentures and Series A through I compulsorily convertible preferred shares. We classified our previously outstanding compulsorily convertible debentures and Series E and Series G compulsorily convertible preferred shares as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Series A to D, Series F, Series H and Series I compulsorily convertible preferred shares were classified as temporary equity on the consolidated balance sheet till March 31, 2017. Concurrent to the closing of our initial public offering in October 2016, the compulsorily convertible debentures and compulsorily convertible preferred shares were converted into equity shares.

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Notes:

Our PPAs typically require certain conditions are met including, among others, that we have obtained all necessary consents and permits, financing arrangements have been made and an agreement has been entered into to provide for the transmission of power. Furthermore, the PPAs contain customary termination provisions and negative and affirmative covenants, including the provision of performance bank guarantees and minimum guarantees of power to be sold and restrictions on changing the controlling shareholder of the project subsidiaries.

Tariff structure

The tariff for Gujarat 1.1 and Gujarat 1.2 is INR 15.0 per kilowatt hour for the first 12 years and INR 5.0 per kilowatt hour for remainder of the contract term. The tariff for Andhra Pradesh 1 is INR 5.89 per kilowatt hour for one year, increasing by 3% each year from the second year to the tenth year and thereafter with the same tariff as that in year ten for the remainder of the 25-year term.

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VGF for projects

The VGF for Rajasthan 3.1 project is INR 23.0 million per MW, for Rajasthan 3.2 it is INR 22.0 million per MW, for Rajasthan 3.3 it is INR 13.0 million per MW and Rajasthan 4 it is INR 12.9 million per MW. The VGF for Andhra Pradesh 3 project is INR 7.5 million per MW. The VGF for Maharashtra 1 project is INR 0.9 million per MW. The VGF for Uttar Pradesh 3 is INR 10.0 million per MW. The VGF for Delhi 1 is INR 4.6 million per MW.

Factors that most significantly directly or indirectly affect our overall growth and results of operations, or that cause our historical financial information not to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition, include, but are not limited to, the Indian government’s targets for solar capacity addition and the more gradual decline in solar module prices. The Indian government increased its target for solar capacity from 20 GW by 2022 to 100 GW by 2022. While this trend may lead to us winning more megawatts per year than in prior years, it will also require us to raise additional funding sources if we are to grow in line with these trends.

As for the cost of our system components, we witnessed a steep decline of solar module prices of approximately 84% from 2011 to 2018. Although the pace of this decline has been slowing recently, we expect a general trend of declining solar module prices to continue through fiscal year 2019.

Operating Metrics

Megawatts Operating and Megawatts Committed

We measure the rated capacity of our plants in megawatts. Rated capacity is the expected maximum output that a solar power plant can produce without exceeding its design limits. We believe that tracking the growth in aggregate megawatt rated capacity is a measure of the growth rate of our business.

Megawatts Operating represents the aggregate cumulative megawatt rated capacity of solar power plants that are commissioned and operational as of the reporting date.

Megawatts Committed represents the aggregate megawatt rated capacity of solar power plants pursuant to customer PPAs signed or allotted but not commissioned and operational as of the reporting date.

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The following table represents the megawatts operating and megawatts committed as of the end of the respective periods presented:

We are targeting having 1,300 MW to 1,400 MW operating by March 31, 2019. Our ability to achieve these goals will depend on, among other things, our ability to acquire the required land for the new capacity (on lease or direct purchase), raising adequate project financing and working capital, the growth of the Indian power market in line with current government targets, our ability to maintain our market share of India’s installed capacity as competition increases, the need to further strengthen our operations team to execute the increased capacity, and the need to further strengthen our systems and processes to manage the ensuing growth opportunities, as well as the other risks and challenges discussed under the caption “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.”

Plant Load Factor

The plant load factor is the ratio of the actual output of all our solar power plants over the reporting period to their potential output if it were possible for them to operate indefinitely at full rated capacity. The plant load factor is not the same as the availability factor. Our solar power plants have high availability, that is, when the sun is shining our plants are almost always able to produce electricity. The variability in our plant load factor is a result of seasonality, cloud covers, the daily rotation of the earth, equipment efficiency losses, breakdown of our transmission system and grid availability.

We track plant load factor as a measure of the performance of our power plants. It indicates effective utilization of resources and also validates our value engineering and operation research. Higher plant load factor at a plant indicates increased electricity generation. Monitoring plant load factor on real time allows us to respond rapidly to potential generation anomalies. Generally, under the terms of our PPAs, we guarantee a plant load factor of 12%. Plant load factor was 18.2% for fiscal year 2018 compared with 18.4% for fiscal year 2017, primarily due to lesser insolation during the year.

Electricity Generation

Electricity generation represents the actual amount of power generated by our solar power plants over the reporting period and is the product of reporting period plant load factor and the average megawatts operating. This is a measure of the periodic performance of our solar power plants.

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Financial Metrics

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance. This measurement is not recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be viewed as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of performance. The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss (income) plus (a) income tax expense, (b) interest expense, net, (c) depreciation and amortization and (d) loss (income) on foreign currency exchange. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in assessing our ongoing financial performance and provides improved comparability between periods through the exclusion of certain items that management believes are not indicative of our operational profitability and that may obscure underlying business results and trends. However, this measure should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for net income or other measures of performance determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Moreover, Adjusted EBITDA as used herein is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the methods of calculation.

Our management believes this measure is useful to compare general operating performance from period to period and to make certain related management decisions. Adjusted EBITDA is also used by securities analysts, lenders and others in their evaluation of different companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be highly dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Therefore, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. In addition, the tax positions of companies can vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the various jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and tax expense can vary considerably among companies.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations include:

Investors are encouraged to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider it appropriate for supplemental analysis.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA:

Project Cost per Megawatt Operating

Project cost per megawatt operating consists of solar photovoltaic panels, inverters, balance of plant equipment, freehold land or leasehold land, capitalizable financing costs, and installation costs incurred for operating one megawatt of new solar power plant capacity during the reporting period. It is an indicator of our strong engineering, procurement and construction capabilities, market cost of material and our ability to procure such material at competitive prices. A reduction in project cost per megawatt helps reduce the cost of power and thereby improves our ability to win new projects. The project cost per megawatt operating for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was INR 49.3 million and INR 51.0 million (US$ 0.78 million), respectively. The project cost per megawatt in fiscal year 2018 was marginally higher due to the use of higher-cost domestic modules as required by PPA’s and the use of purchased land compared to the use of lower-cost open source modules and use of leased land in fiscal year 2017.

Nominal Contracted Payments

Our PPAs create long-term recurring customer payments. Nominal contracted payments equal the sum of the estimated payments that the customer is likely to make, subject to discounts or rebates, over the remaining term of the PPAs. When calculating nominal contracted payments, we include those PPAs for projects that are operating or committed. To calculate the nominal contracted payments, we multiply the contract price per kilowatt hour as per the respective PPA by the estimated annual energy output for the remaining life of the PPA period. In estimating the nominal contracted payments, we multiply the PPA contract price per kilowatt hour by the estimated annual energy output for all solar projects committed and operating as of the reporting date. The estimated annual energy output of our solar projects is calculated using power generation simulation software and validated by independent engineering firms. The main assumption used in the calculation is the project location, which enables the software to derive the estimated annual energy output from certain metrological data, including the temperature, wind speed and solar radiation based on the project location. Our power generation simulation software calculates the estimated annual energy output by using the following formula:

E = A * r * H * PR

E = Energy (kWh)

A = Total solar panel Area (m²)

r = Solar panel efficiency (%)

H = Annual global radiation at collector plane

PR = Performance ratio, coefficient for losses (range between 0.50 and 0.95)

Performance ratio is a quantity which represents the ratio of the effectively produced (used) energy to the energy which would be produced by a “perfect” system continuously operating at standard test condition under

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the same radiation, taking into account losses such as array losses (shadings, incident angle modifier, photovoltaic conversion, module quality, mismatch and wiring) and system losses (inverter efficiency, transformer efficiency and transmission losses).

The calculation of the estimated annual energy output also takes into account the total rated capacity of all the solar panels to be installed for the remaining life of the PPA, net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on technology installed. The decrease in rated capacity includes various losses caused by soiling, temperature changes, inverter and transformer inefficiency, incidence angle, wire, shading and mismatch losses. The technology used for each project is assessed based on geographical conditions of the project, cost economics and the availability of such technology for construction. We assume an annual decrease in rated capacity ranging from 0.5% to 0.7% depending on the technology used, which is based on the specifications given by the manufacturer of the solar panels.

To calculate nominal contracted payments for committed projects, we assume a 50% probability of achieving the generation numbers projected by the power generation software, which is net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on the technology installed. For operating projects, instead of the formula described above, we use the actual full year energy generated net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on the technology installed. We have used this method of calculation since the inception of all projects, including scheduled price changes where applicable.

If we were to receive government grants under any PPA, such grants would be included as nominal contracted payments in the period when received. We account for VGF as an income-type government grant. The proceeds received from VGF grants upon fulfilment of certain conditions are initially recorded as deferred revenue. This deferred VGF revenue is recognized as sale of power in proportion to (x) the actual sale of solar energy kilowatts during the period to (y) the total estimated sale of solar energy kilowatts during the tenure of the applicable PPA (as described in Note 2(r) to our consolidated financial statements) pursuant to our revenue recognition policy.

Nominal contracted payments is a forward-looking number and we use judgment in developing the assumptions used to calculate it. Those assumptions may not prove to be accurate over time. Underperformance of the solar power plants, payment defaults by our customers or other factors described under the heading “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” could cause our actual results to differ materially from our calculation of nominal contracted payments.

The following table sets forth, with respect to our PPAs, the aggregate nominal contracted payments and total estimated energy output as of the reporting dates. These nominal contracted payments have not been discounted to arrive at the present value.

Nominal contracted payments increased from March 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 as a result of entering into additional PPAs. Over time, we have seen a trend towards a decline in the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission benchmark tariff for solar power procurement. For fiscal year 2011, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission benchmark tariff for solar power procurement was INR 17.91 per kilowatt hour. It was reduced to INR 10.39 per kilowatt hour for fiscal year 2013, which was further reduced to INR 7.72 per kilowatt hour for fiscal year 2015 and proposed INR 3.53 per kilowatt hour for fiscal year 2019. The overall trend of solar power tariffs is that the tariffs are declining in line with solar module prices.

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Portfolio Run-Rate

Portfolio run-rate equals our annualized payments from customers extrapolated based on the operating and committed capacity as of the reporting date. In estimating the portfolio run-rate, we multiply the PPA contract price per kilowatt hour by the estimated annual energy output for all operating and committed solar projects as of the reporting date. The estimated annual energy output of our solar projects is calculated using power generation simulation software and validated by independent engineering firms. The main assumption used in the calculation is the project location, which enables the software to derive the estimated annual energy output from certain metrological data, including the temperature, wind speed and solar radiation based on the project location. Our power generation simulation software calculates the estimated annual energy output by using the formula described above.

The calculation of the estimated annual energy output also takes into account the total rated capacity of all the solar panels to be installed for the remaining life of the PPA, net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on technology installed. The decrease in rated capacity includes various losses caused by soiling, temperature changes, inverter and transformer inefficiency, incidence angle, wire, shading and mismatch losses.

To calculate portfolio run-rate for committed projects, we assume a 50% probability of achieving the generation numbers projected by the power generation software, which is net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on the technology installed. For operating projects, instead of the formula described above, we use the actual full year energy generated net of the annual estimated decrease in rated capacity based on the technology installed. We have used this method of calculation since the inception of all projects, including scheduled price changes where applicable.

Portfolio run-rate is a forward-looking number, and we use judgment in developing the assumptions used to calculate it. Those assumptions may not prove to be accurate over time. Underperformance of the solar power plants or other factors described under the heading “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” could cause our actual results to differ materially from our calculation of portfolio run-rate.

The following table sets forth, with respect to our PPAs, the aggregate portfolio run-rate and estimated annual energy output as of the reporting dates. The portfolio run-rate has not been discounted to arrive at the present value.

Portfolio run-rate increased from March 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 as a result of the increase in operational and committed capacity during the period.

Where PPAs include scheduled price changes, revenue is recognized by applying the average rate to the energy output estimated over the term of the PPA. We estimate the total kilowatt hour units expected to be generated annually during the tenure of PPA using budgeted plant load factors, rated capacity of the project and annual estimated decrease in rated capability of solar panels. The contractual rates are applied to this annual estimate to determine the total estimated revenue over the term of the PPA. We then use the total estimated revenue and the total estimated kilowatt hours to compute the average rate used to record revenue on the actual energy output supplied. We compare the actual energy supplied to the estimate of the energy expected to be generated over the remaining term of the PPA on a periodic basis, but at least annually. Based on this evaluation, we reassess the energy output estimated over the remaining term of the PPA and adjust the revenue recognized and deferred to date. Through March 31, 2018, the adjustments have not been significant. The difference between the actual billing and revenue recognized is recorded as deferred revenue.

We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, the electricity is delivered and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sale of power is recorded net of discounts which, to date, have not been significant.

Cost of Operations (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

Our cost of operations primarily consists of expenses pertaining to operations and maintenance of our solar power plants. These expenses include payroll and related costs for maintenance staff, plant maintenance, insurance, and, if applicable, lease costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses include payroll and related costs for corporate, finance and other support staff, including bonus and share based compensation expense, professional fees and other corporate expenses. We anticipate that we will incur additional general and administrative costs, including headcount and expansion related costs, to support the growth in our business as well as additional costs of being a public reporting company.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of our solar power plants and other assets. Leasehold improvements related to solar power plants are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the underlying period of the PPA for that particular solar power plant. Leasehold improvements related to office facilities are amortized over the shorter of the lease period or the estimated useful life. Freehold land is not depreciated. Construction in progress is not depreciated until such projects are commissioned.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net consists of interest incurred on term loans for projects under our fixed and variable rate financing arrangements including interest expense on the solar green bonds (the “Solar Green Bonds”) issued in 2017, cost of hedging the foreign currency risk on the Solar Green Bond transactions, and interest expense on Non-Convertible Debentures. Interest cost also includes the cost of swaps and option contracts entered to mitigate the foreign exchange risk for Solar Green Bond transactions. The Company has designated the swaps and option contracts as a cash flow hedge and are tested for effectiveness on a quarterly basis. During the previous years we had interest on compulsorily convertible debentures during the period prior to initial public offering and also included the deemed interest expense which was payable in the form of a guaranteed return on the compulsorily convertible debentures and the Series E and Series G compulsorily convertible preferred shares which were classified as a liability and were converted to shares simultaneous to our initial public offering. Interest expense also includes bank fees and other borrowing costs, which are typically amortized over the life of

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the loan using the effective interest rate method. Interest expense is presented net of capitalized financing costs and interest income earned from bank deposits. Interest incurred in connection with a project that has been commissioned is expensed while interest incurred prior to commissioning is capitalized.

Gain/Loss on Foreign Currency Exchange

We are exposed to movements in currency exchange rates, particularly to changes in exchange rates between U.S. dollars and Indian rupees. While our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, the functional currency of AZI is Indian rupees and a portion of AZI’s borrowings from financial institutions are denominated in U.S. dollars. Foreign exchange gain/loss includes the unrealized and realized loss from foreign currency fluctuations on our non-functional currency denominated borrowings.

We also enter into foreign currency option contracts to mitigate and manage the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on our borrowings denominated in currencies other than our functional currency. These hedges do not qualify as cash flow hedges under Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” Changes in the fair value of these option contracts are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and are included in loss on foreign currency exchange.

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax expense consists of current and deferred income tax as per applicable jurisdictions in Mauritius, India and the United States. Income tax for our current and prior periods is measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to taxation authorities based on our taxable income or loss for that period.

Deferred income taxes and changes in related valuation allowance, if any, reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an emerging growth company pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. We may adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standard is required.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have identified certain accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to the presentation of our consolidated financial information over a period of time. These accounting policies may require our management to take decisions on subjective and/or complex matters relating to reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and related disclosures. These would further lead us to estimate the effect of matters that may inherently be uncertain.

The judgment on such estimates and underlying assumptions is based on our experience, historical trends, understanding of the business, industry and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These form the basis of our judgment on matters that may not be apparent from other available sources of information. In many instances changes in the accounting estimates are likely to occur from

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period-to-period. Actual results may differ from the estimates. The future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be affected to the extent that the actual results differ materially from our estimates.

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. Our various critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense consists of (i) current income tax expense arising from income from operations (ii) deferred income tax expense/(benefit) arising from temporary differences and (iii) income tax expense/(benefits) as a result of certain intercompany transactions.

We use the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

The tax rates on reversal of temporary differences might be different from the tax rates used for creation of the respective deferred tax assets/liabilities.

As of March 31, 2017, and 2018, we had net deferred tax assets of INR 196.8 million and INR 1,052.4 million (US$ 16.2 million), respectively, and net deferred tax liabilities of INR 1,078.3 million and INR 892.1 million (US$ 13.7 million), respectively.

We apply a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes —an interpretation of ASC Topic 740. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount, which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We re-evaluate these uncertain tax positions on an annual basis. This evaluation is based on factors including changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law and effectively settled issues under tax-audit. Such a change in recognition or measurement could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision in the relevant period. As of March 31, 2017, and 2018, we did not have any material uncertain tax positions.

We establish valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The valuation allowance as on March 31, 2017 and 2018 were at INR 12.8 million and INR 715.3 million (US$ 11.0 million), respectively.

A portion of our Indian operations qualifies for tax holiday related to their operating income attributable to undertakings, as defined, in operating solar power plants under section 80-IA of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. This holiday is available for a period of ten consecutive years out of fifteen years beginning from the year in which the undertaking first generates power (referred to as the Tax Holiday period), however, the exemption is available only to the projects completed on or before March 31, 2017. We assess the election of the Tax Holiday period on an annual basis for each of our undertakings. We believe these undertakings will generate higher taxable profits due to lower interest cost as debt balances are paid down in the later years of operations and therefore we plan to defer the Tax Holiday election to later years in order to maximize the benefits. As of March 31, 2018, we are claiming tax holiday benefits for three of our subsidiaries. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent probable of realization outside the anticipated Tax Holiday period. For example, if we

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choose years six through 15 as the tax holiday period, we recognize deferred tax assets only to the extent that they will be realized either in years one through five or from year 16 onwards. As a result, all temporary differences do not result in creation of a deferred tax asset or liability.

AZI and a subsidiary provide EPC services to other group subsidiaries and as a result incur income taxes on profits from the services provided. The services provided to the group subsidiaries are in the nature of capitalizable costs and are therefore capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment in the standalone financial statements of such subsidiaries. However, these capitalized costs are eliminated for the purposes of the consolidated financial statements. The costs capitalized in the standalone financial statements are however eligible for income tax deductions in the tax records of the respective group subsidiaries. The Company started recording Deferred Tax Asset on the intra-entity transfer of assets pursuant to ASU 2016-16, from April 1, 2017. We assess that the probability of realizing the benefit on an annual basis and its recognition is limited to the extent probable of realization outside of the anticipated Tax Holiday period. Our estimate is that such benefit is limited to approximately 30% to 55% of the tax expense incurred by AZI and the subsidiary. As a result, while all the profits on inter-company transactions are eliminated during consolidation, it does not result in a complete reversal of tax expense on such inter-company transactions. Accordingly, while we have never been profitable, we report income tax expense / benefit that may fluctuate from period to period.

Contracts designated as cashflow hedge

We have issued U.S. dollar denominated 5.5% Solar Green Bonds in August, 2017, listed on the Singapore Exchange Limited (“SGX”). The proceeds were used for repayment of project level debt of certain projects in India and for growth capital in certain projects under construction, in the form of intercompany Non-Convertible Debentures (NCD) and External Commercial Borrowings (ECB’s) denominated in INR. The exchange rate risk on the proceeds invested from the Solar Green Bonds are hedged through cross currency swap for payment of coupons and through call spread option contracts for repayment of principal (collectively “Option contracts”). We have designated these option contracts as a cashflow hedge. These options contracts mitigate the exchange rate risk associated with the forecasted transaction for semi-annual repayment of coupon and for repayment of the principal balance at the end of five years.

The cashflow from the underlying agreement match the terms of a hedge such as—notional amount, maturity of the option contracts, mitigation of exchange rate risk, and there are no significant changes in the counter party risk, hence they are designated as a cashflow hedge in accordance with ASC Topic 815— Derivatives and Hedging. Fair value of the hedge at the time of inception of the contract was nil and the cost of hedge is recorded as an expense over the period of the contract on a straight-line basis. Changes in fair value of the option contracts designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), net of tax, until the hedge transactions occur. We evaluate hedge effectiveness of cash flow hedges at the time a contract is entered into as well as on a quarterly basis. The ineffective portion of cash flow hedge is recorded in Other Comprehensive Income and charged as an expense over the period of the contract. The cost of the effective portion of cash flow hedges is expensed over the period of the contract. We test the effectiveness of the hedge relationship on a quarterly basis and the hedge was effective as on March 31, 2018.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities , to simplify the application of current hedge accounting guidance, which permits recording the cost of hedge over the period of the contract based on the effective interest rate method. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the ASU and determined the cost of hedge at the time of inception of the contract was INR 4,931,240 (US$ 77,123) and recorded an expense of INR 571,225 (US$ 8,925) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The Company did not reclassify any balance apart from the cost of hedge from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) to interest expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

We used the derivatives option pricing model based on the principles of the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of the foreign exchange derivative contracts. The inputs considered in this model include

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the theoretical value of a call option, the underlying spot exchange rate as of the balance sheet date, the contracted price of the respective option contract, the term of the option contract, the implied volatility of the underlying foreign exchange rates and the risk-free interest rate as of the balance sheet date. The techniques and models incorporate various inputs including the credit worthiness of counterparties, foreign exchange spot and forward rates, interest rate yield curves, forward rate yield curves of the underlying. The Company classifies the fair value of these foreign exchange derivative contracts in Level 2 because the inputs used in the valuation model are observable in active markets over the term of the respective contracts. Fair value of the hypothetical derivative is computed based on the above inputs from Bloomberg or other reputed banks.

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A. Results of Operations

Azure Power Global Limited’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar and reporting currency is the Indian rupee. Solely for the convenience of the reader, we have translated the financial information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The rate used for this translation is INR 65.11 to US$1.00, which is the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfer in non-U.S. dollar currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of March 30, 2018, which is the date of our last reported financial statements. No representation is made that the Indian rupee amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into U.S. dollars at that rate.

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017

Operating Revenue

Operating revenues during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 3,517.6 million, or 84%, to INR 7,700.6 million (US$ 118.3 million) compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The principal reasons for the increase in revenue during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was the incremental revenue from projects that commenced operations at various dates during fiscal year 2017. These include Karnataka 3.1, 3.2

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and 3.3 solar power projects, which commenced operations during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 510.7 million, INR 413.0 million, and INR 404.6 million, respectively, in fiscal year 2018. Punjab 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 projects, which commenced operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 1,040.0 million, in fiscal year 2018. In addition, incremental revenue from projects that commenced operations in fiscal year 2018 include, Andhra Pradesh 2 which contributed an incremental operating revenue of INR 633.0 million, Uttar Pradesh 2 project, which commenced operations in two phases during first and second quarters of fiscal year 2018 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 166.1 million, Telangana 1 project, which commenced its operations in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, contributed an operating revenue of INR 139.2 million and the balance increase in revenue is on account of the commencement of operations of certain rooftop projects.

Cost of Operations (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

Cost of operations during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 316.2 million, or 84%, to INR 691.9 million (US$ 10.6 million), compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, and remained consistent at 9.0% of revenue recognized during the respective periods in both the years. The increase was primarily due to increase in plant maintenance cost related to newly operational projects by INR 162.7 million, an increase in leasehold rent of INR 44.7 million primarily resulting from increased leased land in connection with our new projects, and an increase in security charges of INR 40.3 million on account of new projects commissioned during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 390.2 million, or 49%, to INR 1,187.4 million (US$ 18.2 million) compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll expenses by INR 120.9 million, professional expenses by INR 97.6 million including one-time expenses of INR 23.8 million, and we recorded an onetime charge of INR 83.7 million due to a delay by the government in bundling of thermal power with solar power production at one of our recently commissioned project and our project contract period was extended by the duration of the delay by the government.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 835.9 million, or 80%, to INR 1,882.5 million (US$ 28.9 million) compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The principal reason for the increase in depreciation was the full year effect of projects that commenced operations on various dates during fiscal year 2017. These projects include Karnataka 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 solar power projects, which commenced operation in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 108.2 million, INR 89.9 million and INR 80.6 million, respectively, Punjab 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 solar power projects, which commenced operation in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 258.9 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.

In addition, we recorded depreciation and amortization expenses for projects that commenced operations during fiscal year end 2018. The projects include Andhra Pradesh 2 solar power project, which commenced operation in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 208.1 million, Uttar Pradesh 2 project commenced operations in two phases during first and second quarters of fiscal year 2018 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 61.6 million and Telangana 1 solar power project, which commenced operation in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 38.5 million.

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Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 2,796.4 million, or 118%, to INR 5,168.2 million (US$ 79.4 million) compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

Interest expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 3,080.2 million, or 111%, to INR 5,844.2 million (US$ 89.8 million). Interest expense increased primarily as a result of interest expense of INR 1,241.7 million on borrowings for the Karnataka 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, Punjab 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3, Andhra Pradesh 2, Uttar Pradesh 2 and Telangana 1 projects. The interest expense also includes one-time non-cash write offs of unamortised deferred financing cost of INR 747.5 million on account of the Solar Green Bonds and in addition, a one-time prepayment fees of INR 676.0 million for debt refinancing related to the Solar Green Bond.

Interest income during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 283.8 million or 72%, to INR 676.0 million (US$ 10.4 million) compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 primarily as a result of an increase in income on term deposits placed during the period of INR 188.6 million and increase in gain on sale of short term investments by INR 95.2 million.

Loss (Gain) on Foreign Currency Exchange

The foreign exchange loss during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 increased by INR 154.8 million to a loss of INR 45.7 million (US$ 0.7 million) compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The closing exchange rate of Indian rupees depreciated against the U.S. dollar from INR 64.84 to US$ 1.00 as of March 31, 2017 to INR 65.04 to US$ 1.00 as of March 31, 2018. This fluctuations in the Indian rupee resulted in a realized foreign exchange gains on foreign currency loans of INR 74.1 million but was partly offset by a realized loss on derivative instruments of INR 32.3 million. The unrealized foreign exchange loss on foreign currency denominated debt was INR 12.3 million and the unrealized loss on derivative instruments was INR 45.6 million.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 by INR 1,145.2 million to a benefit of INR 252.9 million (US$ 3.9 million), compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the statutory income tax rate as per the Income Tax Act, 1961 is 34.61%. The current income tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was INR 16.3 million, which declined from INR 509.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The effective income tax rate during the year ended March 31, 2018 was a benefit of 19.8%. The decrease in the effective income tax in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 is primarily due to accelerated depreciation per Indian Income Tax Act, in one of the plant commissioned during the current period in AZI.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, we recorded an Indian deferred tax benefit of INR 269.2 million, whereas for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, we recorded an Indian deferred tax expense of INR 383.2 million. This change was primarily attributable to the adoption of ASU 2016-16, from April 1, 2017, which impacted certain Intra-entity transfer of assets and resulted in recognition of deferred tax asset on the income taxes paid on the intra entity transfer of assets to the extent these are expected to be realized by the subsidiary outside of any tax holiday period, as described below.

We pay taxes on taxable profits at the individual entity level, in accordance with the tax rates in the relevant jurisdictions. While at the consolidated level, we have never been profitable, AZI and certain Indian and non-Indian subsidiaries at the individual entity level have generated taxable profits. These taxable profits result from services provided by these entities to other subsidiaries and are taxed at the applicable tax rates in the jurisdiction of the entity providing the services. These inter-company transactions and profits are eliminated during consolidation, while the related income tax expense is not eliminated. The Company started recording deferred tax asset on the intra-entity transfer of assets pursuant to ASU 2016-16, from April 1, 2017. This decrease was primarily attributable to adoption of a new accounting standard on “Intra-entity transfer of assets”,

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resulting in recognition of deferred tax asset on the income taxes paid on the intra entity transfer of assets to the extent these are expected to be realized by the subsidiary outside of the tax holiday period. Furthermore, a portion of our Indian operations qualifies for a tax holiday related to their operating income attributable to undertakings, as defined, in operating solar power plants under section 80-IA of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. This holiday is available for a period of ten consecutive years out of 15 years beginning from the year in which the undertaking first generates power (referred to as the tax holiday period); however, the exemption is available only to the projects completed on or before March 31, 2017. We anticipate that we will claim the aforesaid deduction in the last ten years out of 15 years beginning with the year in which we generate power and when we have taxable income. Accordingly, our current operations are taxable at the normally applicable tax rates. Due to the tax holiday period, a substantial portion of the temporary differences between the book and tax basis of our assets and liabilities do not have any tax consequences as they are expected to reverse within the tax holiday period.

Our tax expenses are further described in Note 11—Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2016

Operating Revenue

Operating revenues during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 1,556.8 million, or 59%, to INR 4,183.0 million compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The principal reasons for the increase in revenue during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 was the incremental revenue from projects that commenced operations at various dates during fiscal year 2016. These include Andhra Pradesh 1, Punjab 3 and Karnataka 2 solar power projects, which commenced operations during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 480.3 million, INR 250.7 million and INR 112.1 million, respectively. Rajasthan 4 project, which commenced operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2016 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 35.8 million, the Rajasthan 3 and Chhattisgarh 1 solar power projects, which commenced operations in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 189.6 million and 95.2 million, respectively. In addition, incremental revenue from projects that commenced operations in fiscal year 2017 include, Punjab Rooftop 2 project which commenced operations in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 68.8 million, Bihar 1 project which commenced operations in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 68.5 million and the Punjab 4 project which commenced operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017 and contributed incremental operating revenue of INR 262.4 million.

Cost of Operations (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

Cost of operations during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 185.1 million, or 97%, to INR 375.8 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to increase in plant maintenance cost related to newly operational projects by INR 141.9 million and an increase in leasehold rent of INR 36.8 million primarily resulting from increased leased land in connection with our projects during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 124.3 million, or 18%, to INR 797.2 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. This was primarily due to increased travel and business development expenses for new solar power projects of INR 23.6 million, payroll cost of INR 52.7 million, resulting from new hiring and an increase of INR 48.0 million primarily resulting from office rent and related infrastructure costs as the scale of our business has expanded.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 358.8 million, or 52%, to INR 1,046.6 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The principal reason for the increase in depreciation was the full year effect of projects that commenced operations on various dates during fiscal year 2016. These projects include Punjab 3, Karnataka 2 and Andhra Pradesh 1 solar power projects, which commenced operation in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 48.3 million, INR 23.7 million and INR 117.5 million, respectively, Rajasthan 4 solar power project, which commenced operation in the third quarter of fiscal year 2016 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 7.7 million, Chhattisgarh 1 solar power project, which commenced operation in phases in the first and second quarters of fiscal year 2016 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 18.0 million and Rajasthan 3 solar power project, which commenced operation in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 19.7 million.

In addition, we recorded depreciation and amortization expenses for projects that commenced operations during fiscal year end 2017. The projects include Punjab rooftop 2 solar power project, which commenced operation in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 20.6 million, Bihar 1 solar power project, which commenced operation in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 16.7 million and Punjab 4 solar power project, which commenced operation in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017 and resulted in additional depreciation of INR 67.0 million.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 313.0 million, or 15%, to INR 2,371.8 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016.

Interest expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 438.2 million, or 19%, to INR 2,764.0 million. Interest expense increased primarily as a result of interest expenses of INR 891.7 million on borrowings for the Punjab 3, Andhra Pradesh 1, Karnataka 2, Punjab rooftop 2, Bihar 1 and Punjab 4 solar power projects operating during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. This was offset by a reduction in interest expense on compulsorily convertible instruments of INR 507.6 million which converted to shares simultaneous to our initial public offering.

Interest income during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 increased by INR 125.2 million or 47%, to INR 392.2 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 primarily as a result of an increase in income on term deposits placed during the period of INR 98.3 million and increase in gain on sale of short term investments by INR 26.7 million.

Loss (Gain) on Foreign Currency Exchange

Foreign exchange loss during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 improved by INR 452.3 million to a gain of INR 109.1 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The closing exchange rate of Indian rupees appreciated against the U.S. dollar from INR 66.25 to US$1.00 as of March 31, 2016 to INR 64.85 to US$1.00 as of March 31, 2017. This appreciation of the Indian rupee resulted in an improvement in unrealized and realized foreign exchange gains of INR 465.2 million and INR 25.8 million, on our foreign currency denominated debt and a decrease in unrealized and realized foreign exchange gain of INR 50.8 million and INR 49.5 million, on our derivative instruments, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. There was an additional gain on foreign currency exchange of INR 61.5 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 on account of a reinstatement of amount payable to vendors.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense increased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 by INR 564.6 million to INR 892.3 million, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016.

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For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the statutory income tax rate as per the Income Tax Act, 1961 is 34.61%. The current income tax liability for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 was INR 509.0 million from INR 28.7 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The increase in the effective income tax in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 was a result of higher taxable profits generated by AZI in the current period. We pay taxes on taxable profits at the individual entity level, in accordance with the tax rates in the relevant jurisdictions. While at the consolidated level, we have never been profitable, AZI and certain Indian and non-Indian subsidiaries at the individual entity level have generated taxable profits. These taxable profits result from services provided by these entities to other subsidiaries and are taxed at the applicable tax rates in the jurisdiction of the entity providing the services. These inter-company transactions and profits are eliminated during consolidation, while the related income tax expense is not eliminated. Furthermore, a portion of our Indian operations qualifies for a tax holiday related to their operating income attributable to undertakings, as defined, in operating solar power plants under section 80-IA of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. This holiday is available for a period of ten consecutive years out of 15 years beginning from the year in which the undertaking first generates power (referred to as the tax holiday period), however, the exemption is available only to the projects completed on or before March 31, 2017. We anticipate that we will claim the aforesaid deduction in the last ten years out of 15 years beginning with the year in which we generate power and when we have taxable income. Accordingly, our current operations are taxable at the normally applicable tax rates. Due to the tax holiday period, a substantial portion of the temporary differences between the book and tax basis of our assets and liabilities do not have any tax consequences as they are expected to reverse within the tax holiday period.

The increase in our income tax expense was largely attributable to taxable profits generated by AZI. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, we recorded an Indian deferred tax expense of INR 383.2 million, whereas for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, we recorded an Indian deferred tax expense of INR 299.1 million. The primary reason for the change in the level of domestic deferred tax asset was due to higher temporary differences reversing in the tax holiday period.

We also have commitments from financial institutions that we can draw upon in the future upon the achievement of specific funding criteria. As of March 31, 2018, we have such undrawn commitments amounting to INR 3,398.6 million (US$ 52.2 million) under project-level financing arrangements, all which have a floating interest rate:

We have a term loan from PTC India Financial Services Limited for the Uttar Pradesh 2 project for an aggregate principal amount of INR 2,300.0 million (US$ 35.3 million), of which INR 233.0 million (US$ 3.6 million) was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 11.25% and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 18 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

We have a term loan from Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd for the Uttar Pradesh 3 project for an aggregate principal amount of INR 1,808.0 million (US$ 27.8 million), of which INR 370.7 million (US$ 5.7 million) was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 10.79% and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 16.5 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

We have a term loan from PTC India Financial Services Limited for the Andhra Pradesh 3 project for an aggregate principal amount of INR 2,287.2 million (US$ 35.1 million), of which INR 228.6 million (US$ 3.5 million) was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 11.50% and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 18 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

We have a term loan from IndusInd Bank for the Delhi Rooftop 4 project for an aggregate principal amount of INR 558.0 million (US$ 8.6 million), of which INR 144.7 million (US$ 2.2 million) was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 10.30 % and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 15 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

We have a U.S. dollar term loan from Overseas Private Investment Corporation for rooftop projects for an aggregate principal amount of INR 1,302.2 million (US$ 20.0 million), of which INR 1,251.6 million (US$ 19.2 million) was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 4.42% and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 15 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

We have a term loan from State Bank of India for the Indian Railways Rooftop project for an aggregate principal amount of INR 1,178.0 million (US$ 18.1 million), which was undrawn as of March 31, 2018. This loan bears interest at 8.5% and is secured by movable and immovable assets of the project. The term of this loan is 14 years. Cash distribution from the projects can be made after meeting the project expenses and debt service requirements.

In 2017, we issued an inaugural US$ 500 million Solar Green Bond, maturing in 2022, which has been certified by Climate Bonds Initiative as a green bond and is the first solar green bond to be offered by a company with only solar power assets out of India. The Solar Green Bonds were offered to eligible yield investors who had a specific mandate or portfolio for buying green bonds, and in each case who were qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or non-U.S. persons in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act. The Company can issue further Bonds to meet the debt funding requirements for the projects.

Generally, under the terms of the loan agreements entered into by our project subsidiaries, the project subsidiaries are restricted from paying dividends to AZI if they default in payment of their principal, interest and other amounts due to the lenders under their respective loan agreements. Certain of AZI’s project subsidiaries also may not pay dividends to AZI out of restricted cash.

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We are subject to business and operational risks that could adversely affect our cash flows. A material decrease in our cash flows would likely produce a corresponding adverse effect on our borrowing capacity.

Sources of Liquidity

Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and other capital requirements will depend on our future operating performance which, in turn, will be subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. Our financing arrangements as of March 31, 2018 consist of project financing arrangements and other borrowings.

Project-level Financing Arrangements

Our borrowings include project-specific financing arrangements collateralized by the underlying solar power plants. At March 31, 2018, these borrowings had annual interest rates ranging from 3.73% to 5.50% for foreign currency loans and from 8.30% to 12.50% for Indian rupee term loans and 13.00% for short term loans. The table below summarizes certain terms of our project-level financing arrangements as of March 31, 2018: