UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): June 25, 2018

 

 

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Maryland   001-13759   68-0329422

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification Number)

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, California 94941

(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)

(415) 389-7373

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

 

 

 


Item 1.01 Entry Into a Material Definitive Agreement.

Completion of Public Offering of Convertible Senior Notes

On June 25, 2018, Redwood Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) completed its registered underwritten public offering of $200 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Notes”) pursuant to an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (“Credit Suisse”), J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“J.P. Morgan”) and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“Wells Fargo”), as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Offering”).

The Underwriters (as defined below) have the option, exercisable within 30 days of June 20, 2018, to purchase up to an additional $30 million aggregate principal amount of Notes from the Company, solely to cover over-allotments.

The offer and sale of the Notes (and the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), issuable upon conversion of the Notes) have been registered pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-211267) (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), including the prospectus supplement filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act dated June 20, 2018 (the “Prospectus Supplement”) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement dated May 10, 2016.

The resulting aggregate net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $194.0 million (and, if the Underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, would be approximately $223.2 million), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering to fund its business and investment activity, which may include funding purchases of residential mortgage loans and acquiring mortgage-backed securities for the Company’s investment portfolio, funding new investment initiatives in the single-family rental and multifamily housing sectors, as well as for other general corporate purposes. Pending such uses, the Company may use all or a portion of the net proceeds from this Offering to temporarily reduce borrowings under its short-term residential loan warehouse facilities and its short-term real estate securities repurchase facilities. The Company may subsequently re-borrow amounts under its short-term residential loan warehouse facilities and its short-term real estate securities repurchase facilities to fund its business and investment activity.

Base Indenture and Supplemental Indenture

The Company issued the Notes under an indenture dated as of March 6, 2013 (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the third supplemental indenture dated as of June 25, 2018, between the Company and the Trustee (the “Supplemental Indenture” and, together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”).

The Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.625% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2019. The Notes are the general unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equal in right of payment with the other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company and senior in right of payment to any indebtedness of the Company that is contractually subordinated to the Notes. The Notes, however, are effectively subordinated in right of payment to the existing and future secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to the claims of the Company’s subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors.

The Notes will mature on July 15, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the Company or converted. Holders may convert any of their Notes into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at the applicable conversion rate at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day prior to the Maturity Date, unless the Notes have been previously repurchased or redeemed by the Company.


The initial conversion rate of the Notes is 54.7645 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $18.26 per share. The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 10% over the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on June 20, 2018. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) involving the Company, holders of the Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Company will not be permitted to redeem the Notes at its option prior to maturity, except to the extent, and only to the extent, necessary to preserve its status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Company determines that redeeming the Notes is necessary to preserve its status as a REIT, then it may redeem all or part of the Notes at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. The Company may at any time and from time to time repurchase Notes by tender offer, open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise, in accordance with applicable securities laws.

If an event of default (as defined in the Indenture) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may, and the Trustee at the request of such holders shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Notes to be due and payable. In the case of an event of default arising out of certain bankruptcy or insolvency events (as set forth in the Indenture), 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes will automatically become due and payable.

A copy of the Base Indenture is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.1 to this Current Report. A copy of the Supplemental Indenture, including the form of Note, is filed as Exhibit 4.2 to this Current Report.

 

Item 2.03 Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation Under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant.

The information required by this Item 2.03 relating to the Notes and the Indenture is contained in Item 1.01 above and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 8.01 Other Events.

On June 20, 2018, the Company entered into the Underwriting Agreement with Credit Suisse, J.P. Morgan and Wells Fargo, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agreed to sell to the Underwriters, and the Underwriters agreed to purchase from the Company, $200 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024. The Company also granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional $30 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes solely to cover over-allotments. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the parties have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Act.

A copy of the Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Current Report.


Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, all of the Company’s directors and executive officers also agreed not to sell or transfer any Common Stock held by them for 75 days after June 20, 2018 without first obtaining the written consent of Credit Suisse, J.P. Morgan and Wells Fargo on behalf of the Underwriters, subject to certain exceptions as described in the Prospectus Supplement.

Attached as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report is a copy of the opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP relating to the validity of the Notes sold in the Offering. Attached as Exhibit 5.2 to this Current Report is a copy of the opinion of Venable LLP regarding certain Maryland law issues, including the validity of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes.

 

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description

  1.1    Underwriting Agreement by and among Redwood Trust, Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, dated June 20, 2018.
  4.1    Indenture, dated March  6, 2013, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed March  6, 2013).
  4.2    Third Supplemental Indenture, dated June 25, 2018, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of 5.625% Convertible Senior Note due 2024).
  5.1    Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP.
  5.2    Opinion of Venable LLP.
23.1    Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.2    Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2).


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: June 25, 2018   REDWOOD TRUST, INC.
  By:  

/s/ Andrew P. Stone

    Name:   Andrew P. Stone
    Title:   Executive Vice President,
      General Counsel, and Secretary

Exhibit 1.1

EXECUTION VERSION

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

Underwriting Agreement

June 20, 2018

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

As Representatives of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 hereto

c/o Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

11 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10010

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

383 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10179

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

375 Park Avenue, 4th Floor

New York, New York 10152

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC are acting as representatives (the “Representatives”), $200,000,000 principal amount of its 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Underwritten Securities”) and, at the option of the Underwriters, up to an additional $30,000,000 principal amount of its 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Option Securities”). The Underwritten Securities and the Option Securities are herein referred to as the “Securities”. The Securities will be convertible into shares (the “Underlying Securities”) of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). The Securities will be issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of March 6, 2013 (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by a supplemental indenture, to be dated as of June 25, 2018 (the “Supplemental Indenture”, and, together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), between the Company and the Trustee.

 

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The Company hereby confirms its agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the purchase and sale of the Securities, as follows:

1.     Registration Statement . The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Securities Act”), a registration statement (File No. 333-211267) including a prospectus dated May 10, 2016 (the “Base Prospectus”) relating to the Securities. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness, is referred to herein as the “Registration Statement”; and as used herein, the term “Preliminary Prospectus Supplement” means the preliminary prospectus supplement dated June 19, 2018 describing the Securities and the offering thereof and any other prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus in preliminary form that describes the Securities and the offering thereof and is used prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below). The Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, together with the Base Prospectus, is referred to herein as the “Preliminary Prospectus.” As used herein, the term “Prospectus” shall mean the final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus that describes the Securities and the offering thereof, together with the Base Prospectus, in the form first used or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act in connection with confirmation of sales of the Securities. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, and any reference to “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Exchange Act”) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

At or prior to the time when sales of the Securities were first made (the “Time of Sale”), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively, the “Time of Sale Information”): the Preliminary Prospectus, as amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Time of Sale, and the term sheet listed on Annex B hereto.

2.     Purchase of the Securities by the Underwriters . (a) The Company agrees to issue and sell the Underwritten Securities to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective principal amount of Underwritten Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name in Schedule 1 hereto at a price equal to 97.25% of the principal amount thereof (the “Purchase Price”).

 

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In addition, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Option Securities to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and the Underwriters, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, shall have the option to purchase, severally and not jointly, from the Company the Option Securities at the Purchase Price, plus accrued interest, if any, on such Option Securities from the Closing Date to the applicable Additional Closing Date.

If any Option Securities are to be purchased, the amount of Option Securities to be purchased by each Underwriter shall be the amount of Option Securities which bears the same ratio to the aggregate amount of Option Securities being purchased as the amount of Underwritten Securities set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto (or such amount increased as set forth in Section 10 hereof) bears to the aggregate amount of Underwritten Securities being purchased from the Company by the several Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate any Securities in denominations other than $1,000 as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make.

The Underwriters may exercise the option to purchase the Option Securities at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of this Agreement, by written notice from the Representatives to the Company. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate amount of Option Securities as to which the option is being exercised and the date and time when the Option Securities are to be delivered and paid for which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date (as defined below) but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date nor later than the tenth full business day (as hereinafter defined) after the date of such notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10 hereof). Any such notice shall be given at least two business days prior to the date and time of delivery specified therein. Option Securities may be purchased by the Underwriters for the purposes set forth under the caption “Underwriting” in the Prospectus.

(b)    The Company understands that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Securities as soon after the effectiveness of this Agreement as in the judgment of the Representatives is advisable, and initially to offer the Securities on the terms set forth in the Prospectus. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Securities to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter and that any such affiliate may offer and sell Securities purchased by it to or through any Underwriter.

(c)    Payment for the Securities shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Company to the Representatives in the case of the Underwritten Securities, at the offices of Clifford Chance US LLP, 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019 at 10:00 A.M. New York City time on June 25, 2018, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Option Securities, on the date and at the time and place specified by the Representatives in the written notice of the Underwriters’ election to purchase such Option Securities. The time and date of such payment for the Underwritten Securities is referred to herein as the “Closing Date” and the time and date for such payment for the Option Securities, if other than the Closing Date, is herein referred to as the “Additional Closing Date”.

 

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Payment for the Securities to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be made against delivery to the nominee of The Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”), for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the Securities to be purchased on such date, of one or more global notes representing the Securities (collectively, the “Global Note”), with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Securities duly paid by the Company. The Global Note will be made available for inspection by the Representatives at the office of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC set forth above not later than 1:00 P.M., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(d)    The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives and the other Underwriters are acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length contractual counterparty to the Company with respect to the offering of Securities contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company or any other person. Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Underwriters shall have no responsibility or liability to the Company with respect thereto. Any review by the Underwriters of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Underwriters and shall not be on behalf of the Company.

3.     Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter that:

(a)     Preliminary Prospectus. No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Time of Sale Information, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

(b)     Time of Sale Information . The Time of Sale Information, at the Time of Sale, did not, and at the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company

 

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in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Time of Sale Information, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof. No statement of material fact included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Time of Sale Information and no statement of material fact included in the Time of Sale Information that is required to be included in the Prospectus has been omitted therefrom.

(c)     Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not made, used, prepared, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Securities (each such communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clause (i) below) an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”) other than (i) any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section 2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii) the documents listed on Annex B hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the Representatives. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus filed prior to the first use of such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and at the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Securities or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Representatives as described in Section 4(e), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any Preliminary Prospectus deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified.

(d)     Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Registration Statement is an “automatic shelf registration statement” as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act that has been filed with the Commission not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof; and no notice of objection of the Commission to the use of such registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act has been received by the Company. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering has been initiated or

 

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threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Trust Indenture Act), and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and does not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to (i) that part of the Registration Statement that constitutes the Statement of Eligibility and Qualification (Form T-1) of the Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act or (ii) any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

(e)     Incorporated Documents. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Information, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Information, when such documents become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(f)     Financial Statements. The financial statements and the related notes thereto of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and present fairly the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and the supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein (subject to normal year-end adjustments, which adjustments, either individually or in the aggregate, will not be material); the other financial information included or incorporated by

 

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reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly the information shown thereby; and any pro forma financial information and related notes thereto included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus have been prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the assumptions underlying such pro forma financial information are reasonable and are set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

(g)     No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, (i) there has been no material change in the capital stock, long-term debt, notes payable or current portion of long-term debt of the Company or any of the Significant Subsidiaries (defined below), or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority.

(h)     Organization and Good Standing. The Company and each of the subsidiaries that is set forth in Schedule 2 hereto (the “Significant Subsidiaries”) have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Documents (as defined below) (a “Material Adverse Effect”). The Significant Subsidiaries are the only subsidiaries material to the business of the Company.

(i)     Capitalization. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization”; all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights; except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without

 

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limitation, pre-emptive rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of capital stock or other equity interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any capital stock of the Company or any such subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options; the capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus; and all the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable (except, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, for directors’ qualifying shares) and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company (excluding, for purposes of this representation and for the avoidance of doubt, each entity set forth in Schedule 3 hereto), free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party.

(j)     Stock Options. With respect to the stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the stock-based compensation plans of the Company (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective (the “Grant Date”) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee or delegatee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant of Stock Options was made in accordance with the terms of the applicable Company Stock Plans, the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of the New York Stock Exchange and any other exchange on which Company securities are traded, (iv) the per share exercise price of each Stock Option was equal to the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the applicable Grant Date and (v) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinated the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects.

(k)     Due Authorization. The Company has the corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Indenture and the Securities (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) and to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of each of the Transaction Documents and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby or by the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus has been duly and validly taken.

(l)     The Indenture. The Base Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and, assuming the due authorization, execution and

 

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delivery in accordance with its terms by each of the other parties thereto, constitutes a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability (collectively, the “Enforceability Exceptions”). The Supplemental Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed and delivered in accordance with its terms by each of the other parties thereto, the Indenture will constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by the Enforceability Exceptions.

(m)     Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(n)     The Securities. The Securities have been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered as provided in the Indenture and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to the Enforceability Exceptions, and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

(o)     The Underlying Securities. Upon issuance and delivery of the Securities in accordance with this Agreement and the Indenture, the Securities will be convertible at the option of the holder thereof into the Underlying Securities in accordance with the terms of the Securities; and the Underlying Securities reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Securities have been duly authorized and reserved by the Company and, when issued upon conversion of the Securities in accordance with the terms of the Securities, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable and will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, and the issuance of the Underlying Securities will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

(p)     Descriptions of the Transaction Documents. Each Transaction Document conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

(q)     No Violation or Default. (i) Neither the Company nor any of the Significant Subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(r)     No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Securities (and the issuance of the Underlying Securities upon conversion thereof) and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of the Significant Subsidiaries or (iii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority except, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) above, for any such breach or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(s)     No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Securities (and the issuance of the Underlying Securities upon conversion thereof) and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, except for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act, the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Securities by the Underwriters.

(t)     Legal Proceedings. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, suits or proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; to the knowledge of the Company, no such investigations, actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, suits or proceedings that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

(u)     Independent Accountants. Grant Thornton LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, are an independent registered public

 

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accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

(v)     Investment Portfolio; Investment Policies; Title to Real and Personal Property. As of the date hereof, the investment portfolio (other than cash and cash equivalents) of the Company consists primarily of residential, commercial and multifamily real estate loans; residential, commercial and multifamily real estate securities (including debt securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac); mortgage servicing rights; derivative financial instruments; and other investments that are related to, or substantially economically equivalent to, any of the foregoing. As of the date hereof, the derivative financial instruments held by the Company consist of interest rate cap agreements, interest rate swap agreements, interest rate futures and options, credit default index swaps, loan purchase and forward sale commitments and mortgage “to be announced” (TBA) contracts. Except as otherwise described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, the Company has no plan or intention to materially alter its stated investment policies and operating policies and strategies as such are described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the Commission. The Company is and at all times has been in compliance with its investment policy, except as the Board of Directors of the Company shall have expressly approved otherwise in each instance of non-compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries or (ii) could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except for “real estate owned” properties owned by the Company as a result of foreclosures on delinquent loans, if any, the Company and its subsidiaries do not own any real property. Any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held under valid, existing and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, or except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(w)     Title to Intellectual Property. To the Company’s best knowledge, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights to use all material patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses; and (ii) the conduct of their respective businesses will not conflict in any material respect with any such rights of others, and the Company and its subsidiaries have not received any notice of any claim of infringement or conflict with any such rights of others.

(x)     No Undisclosed Relationships. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Time of Sale Information.

 

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(y)     Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, will be required to be registered as an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Investment Company Act”).

(z)     Taxes. The Company and its subsidiaries have paid all material federal, state, local and foreign taxes and filed all material tax returns required to be paid or filed through the date hereof (taking into account all permitted extensions); and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there is no material tax deficiency that has been, or could reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets.

(aa)     REIT Qualification . The Company, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994, has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a “real estate investment trust” (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code; its proposed method of operation as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will enable it to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code; and the Company intends to continue to operate in a manner which would permit it to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

(bb)     Qualified REIT Subsidiaries . Each of the subsidiaries listed on Schedule 5 is or, prior to its sale or dissolution was, either (i) a “qualified REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code (“Qualified REIT Subsidiary”) or (ii) an entity that is (or was) disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any securitization trusts formed by the Company’s Qualified REIT Subsidiaries are either (i) treated as a real estate mortgage investment conduit within the meaning of Section 860D of the Code, or (ii) disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(cc)     Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. Each of the subsidiaries listed on Schedule 6 is, or prior to its sale or dissolution was, a “taxable REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code. The Company has had and has no other “taxable REIT subsidiaries” other than wholly-owned subsidiaries of the foregoing.

(dd)     Taxable Mortgage Pool . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or asset pools is treated as a taxable mortgage pool within the meaning of Section 7701(i) of the Code.

(ee)     Licenses and Permits. The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, individually

 

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or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course; and, to the knowledge of the Company, all third-party service providers used, employed, hired or otherwise contracted with by the Company or any of its subsidiaries have obtained all necessary licenses or other relevant authorizations to do business in all jurisdictions in which such third-party service providers do business on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries, except where the failure of that service provider to obtain such license or authorization would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ff)     No Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the best knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except, in each case, as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(gg)     Compliance With Environmental Laws. (i) The Company and its subsidiaries (x) are, and at all prior times were, in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, requirements, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health or safety, the environment, natural resources, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (y) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses, and (z) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, and (ii) there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries, except in the case of each of (i) and (ii) above, for any such failure to comply, or failure to receive required permits, licenses or approvals, or cost or liability, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, (x) there are no proceedings that are pending, or that are known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceedings that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (y) the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental Laws or concerning hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (z) none of the Company and its subsidiaries anticipates capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws that would be material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.

 

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(hh)     Hazardous Substances . There has been no storage, generation, transportation, handling, treatment, disposal, discharge, emission, or other release of any kind of toxic wastes or hazardous substances, including, but not limited to, any naturally occurring radioactive materials, brine, drilling mud, crude oil, natural gas liquids and other petroleum materials, by, due to or caused by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any other entity (including any predecessor) for whose acts or omissions the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or could reasonably be expected to be liable) upon any of the property now or previously owned or leased by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or upon any other property, in violation of any Environmental Laws or in a manner or to a location that could reasonably be expected to give rise to any liability under the Environmental Laws, except for any violation or liability which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ii)     Compliance With ERISA. (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Code) would have any liability (each, a “Plan”) has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code; (ii) no Plan has failed to satisfy the minimum funding standard (within the meaning of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA), whether or not waived, nor is any such Plan in “at risk” status (as defined in Section 303(i)(4) of ERISA or Section 430(i)(4) of the Code); (iii) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and (iv) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any material liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a “multiemployer plan”, within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA).

(jj)     Disclosure Controls . The Company and its subsidiaries maintain an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries have carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.

(kk)     Accounting Controls. The Company, on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries, maintains a system of “internal control over financial reporting,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act, that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally

 

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accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company and its subsidiaries are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries; (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company; and (iv) provide reasonable assurance that interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus fairly present the information called for in all material respects and are prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

(ll)     eXtensible Business Reporting Language. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and have been prepared in all material respects in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(mm)     Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business.

(nn)     No Unlawful Payments. None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing,

 

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or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce, policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

(oo)     Compliance with Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(pp)     No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws . None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council (“UNSC”), the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury (“HMT”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, initial purchaser, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

(qq)     No Restrictions on Subsidiaries . No subsidiary of the Company (excluding, for purposes of this representation and for the avoidance of doubt, each entity set forth in Schedule 4 hereto) is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to

 

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which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company.

(rr)     No Broker’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

(ss)     No Registration Rights . No person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register any securities for sale under the Securities Act by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission or the issuance and sale of the Securities or the Underlying Securities.

(tt)     No Stabilization. The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Securities.

(uu)     Margin Rules . Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(vv)     Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

(ww)     Statistical and Market Data. Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus are not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.

(xx)     Sarbanes-Oxley Act . Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, there is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

(yy)     Status under the Securities Act . At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendments thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

 

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December 31, 2017, the Company was a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and, at the date hereof, the Company is, and, at the Closing Date and any Additional Closing Date, the Company will be, eligible to use the Registration Statement in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

(zz)     Solvency . The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (the “Group”), is, and immediately upon consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will be, Solvent. As used herein, the term “Solvent” means, with respect to the Group, on a particular date, that on such date (a) the fair market value of the assets of the Group is greater than the total amount of liabilities (including contingent liabilities) of the Group, (b) the present fair salable value of the assets of the Group is greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liabilities of the Group on its debt as they become absolute and mature, (c) the Group is able to realize upon its assets and pay its debts and other liabilities (including contingent obligations) as they mature, and (d) the Group does not have unreasonably small capital.

(aaa)     Cybersecurity; Data Protection. The Company and its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are reasonably believed by the Company to be adequate in all material respects for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted and, to the Company’s knowledge, are free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (“Personal Data”)) used in connection with the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted, and, to the knowledge of the Company, there have been no material breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except for such failures as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.     Further Agreements of the Company . The Company covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that:

(a)     Required Filings. The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (including the term sheet substantially in the form of Annex C hereto) to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act; and will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information

 

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statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Securities; and the Company will furnish copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriters in New York City as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event later than 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the second business day succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably request. The Company will pay the registration fees for this offering within the time period required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date.

(b)     Delivery of Copies. The Company will deliver, without charge, (i) to the Representatives, two signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith and documents incorporated by reference therein; and (ii) to each Underwriter (A) a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) and (B) during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein) and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as the Representatives may reasonably request. As used herein, the term “Prospectus Delivery Period” means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Securities as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Securities is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Securities by any Underwriter or dealer.

(c)     Amendments or Supplements, Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, before making, preparing, using, authorizing, approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, whether before or after the time that the Registration Statement becomes effective, the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for review and will not make, prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably objects.

(d)     Notice to the Representatives. The Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and confirm such advice in writing, (i) when the Registration Statement has become effective; (ii) when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (iii) when any supplement to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment to the Prospectus has been filed; (iv) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information; (v) of the issuance by the Commission of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act; (vi) of the occurrence of any event within the

 

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Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, the Time of Sale Information or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Time of Sale Information or any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; (vii) of the receipt by the Company of any notice of objection of the Commission to the use of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act; and (viii) of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus or suspending any such qualification of the Securities and, if any such order is issued, will obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof.

(e)     Ongoing Compliance. (1) If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i) any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law and (2) if at any time prior to the Closing Date (i) any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Information as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Time of Sale Information is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Information to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Information as may be necessary so that the statements in the Time of Sale Information as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances, be misleading or so that the Time of Sale Information will comply with law.

(f)     Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will qualify the Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Securities; provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii) file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

 

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(g)     Earning Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Representatives as soon as practicable an earning statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the “effective date” (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement.

(h)     Clear Market. For a period of 75 days after the date of this Agreement, the Company will not (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, other than the (v) Securities to be sold hereunder or the Underlying Securities; (w) shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to the Company’s Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan; (x) shares of Common Stock, options to purchase shares of Common Stock or other equity-based awards granted under the Company’s existing equity incentive plans, including the Employee Stock Purchase Plan or any replacement plan under a new registration statement; (y) any shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise of options or other awards (including deferred stock units) granted under existing equity incentive plans, including the Employee Stock Purchase Plan; and (z) any shares of Common Stock (with a value not exceeding $6.75 million) as consideration in connection with the Company’s option to purchase the remainder of the 5 Arches, LLC platform, as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

(i)     Use of Proceeds. The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the heading “Use of Proceeds”.

(j)     No Stabilization. The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Securities and will not take any action prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act in connection with the distribution of the Securities contemplated hereby.

(k)     Common Stock Reserve . The Company will reserve and keep available at all times, free of pre-emptive rights, shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to satisfy all obligations to issue the Underlying Securities upon conversion of the Securities. The Company will use its best efforts to list, subject to notice of issuance, the Underlying Securities on the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”).

 

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(l)     Reports. During the period of three years following the date of this Agreement, except for such documents that are publicly available on EDGAR, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, as soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Securities, and copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange or automatic quotation system.

(m)     Record Retention . The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act.

(n)     Taxes . The Company and its subsidiaries will timely pay all material federal, state, local and foreign taxes and will timely file all material tax returns required to be paid or filed for the current and subsequent taxable years.

(o)     REIT Qualification . Unless the board of directors of the Company determines it is no longer in the best interests of the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT, (i) the Company will continue to be organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, the Company’s proposed method of operation will enable it to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for its current and subsequent taxable years and the Company will not change its operations or engage in activities which would cause it to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code, and (ii) the Company will also continue to cause each of its subsidiaries designated as either (i) a “qualified REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code to continue to so qualify or (ii) a “taxable REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code to continue to so qualify, except to the extent that, in either case, a failure to so qualify could not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s qualification as a REIT.

(p)     Investment Company Act . The Company will not be or become, at any time prior to the expiration of six months after the date hereof, an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

(q)     Downgrade of Securities. The Company shall provide prompt written notice to the Representatives if a downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded any securities or preferred stock of or guaranteed by any of the Company’s subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined under Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

5.     Certain Agreements of the Underwriters . Each Underwriter hereby represents and agrees that:

(a)    It has not and will not use, authorize use of, refer to, or participate in the planning for use of, any “free writing prospectus”, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i) a free writing prospectus that contains no “issuer information” (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2) under the Securities Act) that was not included (including through

 

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incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex B or prepared pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 4(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii) any free writing prospectus prepared by such underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing (each such free writing prospectus referred to in clauses (i) or (iii), an “Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus”).

(b)    It has not and will not, without the prior written consent of the Company, use any free writing prospectus that contains the final terms of the Securities unless such terms have previously been included in a free writing prospectus filed with the Commission; provided that Underwriters may use a term sheet substantially in the form of Annex C hereto without the consent of the Company; provided further that any Underwriter using such term sheet shall notify the Company, and provide a copy of such term sheet to the Company, prior to, or substantially concurrently with, the first use of such term sheet.

(c)    It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering (and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period).

6.     Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations . The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Underwritten Securities on the Closing Date or the Option Securities on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

(a)     Registration Compliance; No Stop Order. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose, pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section 4(a) hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives.

(b)     Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and the statements of the Company and its officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(c)     No Downgrade. Subsequent to the earlier of (A) the Time of Sale and (B) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded any securities or preferred stock of or guaranteed by the Company by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined under Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, or has changed its outlook with respect to, its rating of any securities or preferred stock of or guaranteed by the Company (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading).

 

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(d)     No Material Adverse Change. No event or condition of a type described in Section 3(g) hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Time of Sale Information (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the judgment of the Representatives makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Securities on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

(e)     Officer’s Certificate. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate of the chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company and one additional senior executive officer of the Company who is satisfactory to the Representatives (i) confirming that such officers have carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus and, to the best knowledge of such officers, the representations set forth in Sections 3(b) and 3(d) hereof are true and correct, (ii) confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and that the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing Date and (iii) to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a), (c) and (d) above.

(f)     Comfort Letters. On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, Grant Thornton LLP shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus; provided, that the letter delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a “cut-off” date no more than three business days prior to such Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(g)     Opinions and Negative Assurance Letter for the Company. (i) Latham & Watkins LLP, special counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and negative assurance letter, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-1 hereto; (ii) Latham & Watkins LLP, tax counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-2 hereto; (iii) Venable LLP, Maryland counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or

 

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the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-3 hereto; and (iv) Weintraub Tobin Chediak Coleman Grodin Law Corporation, special counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in the form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-4 hereto.

(h)     Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Underwriters. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion and 10b-5 statement of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(i)     No Legal Impediment to Issuance. No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities.

(j)     Good Standing . The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing as foreign entities in such other jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions.

(k)     Exchange Listing. An application for the listing of the Underlying Securities shall have been submitted to the Exchange.

(l)     Lock-up Agreements . The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, by the executive officers and directors of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to the Representatives on or before the date hereof, shall be full force and effect on the Closing Date or Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(m)     Additional Documents. On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters.

 

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7.     Indemnification and Contribution .

(a)     Indemnification of the Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) or any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any “road show” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a “road show”) or any Time of Sale Information (including any Time of Sale Information that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in subsection (b) below.

(b)     Indemnification of the Company. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a) above, but only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any road show or any Time of Sale Information, it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the information contained in the first and second sentences of the third paragraph under the caption “Underwriting”; the third sentence of the twelfth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting”; and the thirteenth paragraph relating to over-allotment, stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions under the caption “Underwriting”.

(c)     Notice and Procedures. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to either paragraph (a) or (b) above, such person (the “Indemnified Person”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the “Indemnifying Person”) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have

 

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under paragraph (a) or (b) above except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided , further , that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under paragraph (a) or (b) above. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interest between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Representatives and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the Indemnified Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by the Indemnifying Person of such request and (ii) the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.

(d)     Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages

 

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or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, from the offering of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Company from the sale of the Securities and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate offering price of the Securities. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

(e)     Limitation on Liability. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (d) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (d) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Securities exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint.

(f)     Non-Exclusive Remedies. The remedies provided for in this Section 7 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.

8.     Effectiveness of Agreement . This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

 

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9.     Termination . This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date or, in the case of the Option Securities, prior to the Additional Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on or by any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American (f/k/a the NYSE MKT and the American Stock Exchange), the Nasdaq Global Market, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade; (ii) trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Securities on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.

10.     Defaulting Underwriter . (a) If, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, any Underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase the Securities that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the non-defaulting Underwriters may in their discretion arrange for the purchase of such Securities by other persons satisfactory to the Company on the terms contained in this Agreement. If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such Securities, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons satisfactory to the non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase such Securities on such terms. If other persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter, either the non-defaulting Underwriters or the Company may postpone the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that effects any such changes. As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section 10, purchases Securities that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase.

(b)    If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate amount of Securities that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate amount of Securities to be purchased on such date, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the amount of Securities that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder on such date plus such Underwriter’s pro rata share (based on the amount of Securities that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Securities of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made.

 

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(c)    If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate amount of Securities that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate amount of Securities to be purchased on such date, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in paragraph (b) above, then this Agreement or, with respect to any Additional Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase Securities on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall terminate without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that the Company will continue to be liable for the payment of expenses as set forth in Section 11 hereof and except that the provisions of Section 7 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect.

(d)    Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company or any non-defaulting Underwriter for damages caused by its default.

11.     Payment of Expenses. (a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Securities and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii) the costs of reproducing and distributing the Transaction Documents; (iv) the fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel and independent accountants; (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Securities under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters of up to $10,000); (vi) the fees and expenses of the Trustee and any paying agent (including related fees and expenses of any counsel to such parties); (vii) all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the offering by, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority; (viii) all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any “road show” presentation to potential investors; and (ix) all expenses and application fees related to the listing of the Underlying Securities on the Exchange.

(b)    If (i) this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9(ii), (ii) the Company for any reason fails to tender the Securities for delivery to the Underwriters or (iii) the Underwriters decline to purchase the Securities for any reason permitted under this Agreement (other than as a result of a termination pursuant to Section 9(i), 9(iii) or 9(iv)), the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters for all documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the fees and expenses of their counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby.

12.     Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers

 

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and directors, affiliates and any controlling persons referred to in Section 7 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein. No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase.

13.     Survival . The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Securities and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters.

14.     Certain Defined Terms . For purposes of this Agreement, (a) except where otherwise expressly provided, the term “affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b) the term “business day” means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and (c) the term “subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

15.     Miscellaneous . (a)  Authority of the Representatives. Any action by the Underwriters hereunder may be taken by the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, and any such action taken by the Representatives shall be binding upon the Underwriters.

(b)     Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives c/o Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Eleven Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010-3649, (fax: 212-325-4296), Attention: IBCM-Legal; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179, (fax: 212-622-8358), Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 375 Park Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10152, (fax: 212-214-5918), Attention: Equity Syndicate Department. Notices to the Company shall be given to it at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941, (fax: 415-381-1773), Attention: General Counsel, with a copy, which shall not constitute notice, to Latham & Watkins LLP, 650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, (fax: 714-755-8290), Attention: William J. Cernius, Esq.

(c)     Governing Law. This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

(d)     Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any standard form of telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

(e)     Amendments or Waivers. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto.

 

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(f)     Compliance with USA Patriot Act . In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

(g)     Headings. The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

 

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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

 

Very truly yours,
REDWOOD TRUST INC.
By:   /s/ Chris Abate
  Name: Chris Abate
  Title: Chief Executive Officer

Accepted as of the date first written above

CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC

WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC

For themselves and on behalf of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 hereto.

 

CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC
By:   /s/ James M. Spencer
  Authorized Signatory

 

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
By:   /s/ Kevin Cheng
  Authorized Signatory

 

WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
By:   /s/ Kevin Brillhart
  Authorized Signatory


Schedule 1

 

Underwriter

   Principal
Amount of
Underwritten
Securities
 

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

   $ 100,000,000  

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

     50,000,000  

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

     50,000,000  
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 200,000,000  


Schedule 2

Significant Subsidiaries

 

Subsidiaries    State of Incorporation or Organization
Redwood Asset Management, Inc.    Delaware
Redwood Capital Trust I    Delaware
Redwood Residential Acquisition Corporation    Delaware
Redwood Subsidiary Holdings, LLC    Delaware
RWT Holdings, Inc.    Delaware
RWT Securities, LLC    Delaware
Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation    Delaware
Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc.    Delaware
RWT Financial, LLC    Delaware


Schedule 3

List of Excluded Entities

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 6

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Trust 2003-A

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-2

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-C

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-3

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-D

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-4

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-E

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-5

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-F

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-H

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-12

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2006-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2010-H1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2011-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2011-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-4


Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-12

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-CH1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-CH2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-CH1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-CH2

Acacia CDO 5, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 5, Inc.

Acacia CDO 6, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 6, Inc.

Acacia CDO 7, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 7, Inc.

Acacia CDO 8, Ltd.


Acacia CDO 8, Inc.

Acacia CDO 9, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 9, Inc.

Acacia CDO 10, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 10, Inc.

Acacia CDO 11, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 11, Inc.

Acacia CDO 12, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 12, Inc.

Acacia Option ARM 1 CDO, Ltd

Acacia Option ARM 1 CDO Corp.

Acacia CRE CDO 1, Ltd.

Acacia CRE CDO 1, Inc.

RWT Holdings REIT, Inc.

Redwood Capital Trust I


Schedule 4

List of Excluded Entities

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 6

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Trust 2003-A

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-2

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-C

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-3

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-D

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-4

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-E

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-5

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-F

Merrill Lynch Mortgage Investors Trust Series MLCC 2003-H

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2003-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2004-12

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2006-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2007-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2010-H1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2011-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2011-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-4


Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2012-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-8

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-9

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-10

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-11

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2013-12

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2014-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2015-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2016-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-7

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-CH1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2017-CH2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-2

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-3

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-4

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-5

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-6

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-CH1

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2018-CH2

Acacia CDO 5, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 5, Inc.

Acacia CDO 6, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 6, Inc.

Acacia CDO 7, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 7, Inc.

Acacia CDO 8, Ltd.


Acacia CDO 8, Inc.

Acacia CDO 9, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 9, Inc.

Acacia CDO 10, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 10, Inc.

Acacia CDO 11, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 11, Inc.

Acacia CDO 12, Ltd.

Acacia CDO 12, Inc.

Acacia Option ARM 1 CDO, Ltd

Acacia Option ARM 1 CDO Corp.

Acacia CRE CDO 1, Ltd.    

Acacia CRE CDO 1, Inc.

Redwood Capital Trust I

RWT Financial, LLC


Schedule 5

List of Qualified REIT Subsidiaries and Disregarded Entities

(* = Dissolved or Sold)

(** = Inactive)

Q UALIFIED REIT S UBSIDIARIES

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation

Redwood FinSec, Inc.

Juniper Trust, Inc. *

Redwood Trust Japan, Ltd. *

Sycamore Trust, Inc. *

Tanoak Commercial Capital Corporation *

D ISREGARDED E NTITIES AND O THER REIT E NTITIES

Redwood Capital Trust I

Redwood Capital Trust II**

Redwood TALF LLC *

RCMC Texan, LLC*

RCMC Broward, LLC*

RCMC Brick Row, LLC*

RCMC Ashlar, LLC*

Redwood Commercial Financing (TRS), LLC*

RWT Holdings Securities, LLC

RWT Securities, LLC

Redwood Subsidiary Holdings, LLC

RRAC Financing I Trust

RWT Financial, LLC

RRAC SPV-FN Trust

RRAC SPV-FN2 Trust

RRAC SPV-FRE Trust

RWT Risk Services, LLC *

RWT Financial Services, LLC *

RCMC Senior Financing, LLC*

RCMC Senior Financing, II, LLC*

RCMC MF-I, LLC*

RCMC One West, LLC*

RCMC/Malkin One West JV, LLC*

RCMC 2012-1 CREL1, LLC*

Redwood Commercial Financing (REIT) LLC*

RWT LLC*

Redwood Opportunity Fund LP*

Redwood Opportunity Master Fund LP*


RWT Value LLC *

Redwood Value Fund LP *

Redwood Value Master Fund LP *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 1 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 3 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 4 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 5 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 6 *

Sequoia Mortgage Trust 7 *

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Trust 2003-A *

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Trust 2004-A *

Sequoia HELOC Trust 2004-1*

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Company 2002-A *

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Company 2002-B *


Schedule 6

List of Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

(* = Dissolved, Sold or Inactive)

RWT Holdings, Inc.

RWT Holdings REIT, Inc.

Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc.

Redwood Asset Management, Inc.

Redwood Commercial Mortgage Corporation

Redwood Residential Acquisition Corporation

RRAC-NY Holdings, Inc.

Redwood Millennium Funding, Inc.

Juniper Holdings, Inc. *

Redwood Commercial Funding, Inc. *

Redwood Financial Services, Inc. *

Redwood Mortgage Funding, Inc. *

Redwood Offshore Opportunity Fund, LP *

Redwood Offshore Value Fund, LP *

Redwood Residential Funding, Inc. *

Tanoak Asset Management, Inc. *

Acacia CDO 1, Ltd. *

Acacia CDO 2, Ltd. *

Acacia CDO 3, Ltd. *

Acacia CDO 4, Ltd. *

Acacia CDO 5, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 6, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 7, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 8, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 9, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 10, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 11, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 12, Ltd.*

Acacia CDO 13, Ltd. *

Acacia Option ARM 1 CDO, Ltd.*

Acacia CRE CDO 1, Ltd. *

Acacia CRE CDO 2, Ltd. *

Crest G-Star 2001-2A, Ltd. *

GSAA 2006-NIM8, LTD

Markov CDO I, Ltd*

Millstone III CDO, Ltd.*

Millstone IV CDO, Ltd.*

RESIX Finance Limited *

Madrona LLC*

Madrona Residential Funding LLC*


Annex A-1

[Form of Opinion and Negative Assurance Letter of Latham & Watkins LLP]

1.    The Registration Statement has become effective under the Act. With your consent, based solely on a review of the list of stop orders on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov/litigation/stoporders.shtml, we confirm that no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued under the Act and no proceedings therefor have been initiated by the Commission. The Preliminary Prospectus has been filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) under the Act, the Prospectus has been filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) and 430B under the Act and the Specified IFWP has been filed in accordance with Rule 433(d) under the Act.

2.    The execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Notes by the Company and the issuance and sale of the Notes by the Company to you and the other Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and the Indenture do not on the date hereof:

(i) result in the breach of or a default under any of the Specified Agreements; or

(ii) violate any federal, California or New York statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company; or

(iii) require any consents, approvals, or authorizations to be obtained by the Company from, or any registrations, declarations or filings to be made by the Company with, any governmental authority under any federal, California or New York statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company on or prior to the date hereof that have not been obtained or made.

3.    The Indenture is the legally valid and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

4.    The Notes, when executed, issued and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, will be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. A registered holder of Notes is a beneficiary under the Indenture.

5.    The Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.


6.    The statements in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Description of Notes,” and in the Specified IFWP, insofar as they purport to describe or summarize certain provisions of the Notes or the Indenture, the statements in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Underwriting” and the statements in, or incorporated by reference in, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 under the captions “Executive Compensation — Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” (only with respect to the first fifteen paragraphs thereof) and “Legal Proceedings,” insofar as they purport to describe or summarize certain provisions of the documents referred to therein, are accurate descriptions or summaries in all material respects.

7.    The Registration Statement at June 19, 2018, including the information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B under the Act, the Preliminary Prospectus, as of its date, and the Prospectus, as of its date, each appeared on its face to be appropriately responsive in all material respects to the applicable form requirements for registration statements on Form S-3 under the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; it being understood, however, that we express no view with respect to Regulation S-T, Form T-1 or the financial statements, schedules, or other financial data, included in, incorporated by reference in, or omitted from, the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus. For purposes of this paragraph, we have assumed that the statements made in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus are correct and complete.

8.    Each of the Incorporated Documents, as of its respective filing or effective date, appeared on its face to be appropriately responsive in all material respects to the applicable form requirements for reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and proxy statements under Regulation 14A, as the case may be, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; it being understood, however, that we express no view with respect to Regulation S-T, Form T-1 or the financial statements, schedules, or other financial data, included in, incorporated by reference in, or omitted from, such reports. For purposes of this paragraph, we have assumed that the statements made in the Incorporated Documents are correct and complete.

* * * *

The primary purpose of our professional engagement was not to establish or confirm factual matters or financial or quantitative information. Therefore, we are not passing upon and do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in, or incorporated by reference in, the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Specified IFWP, the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents (except to the extent expressly set forth in the numbered paragraphs 6 and 9 of our letter to you of even date and in our letter to you of even date with respect to certain tax matters), and have


not made an independent check or verification thereof (except as aforesaid). However, in the course of acting as special counsel to the Company in connection with the preparation by the Company of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Specified IFWP and the Prospectus, we reviewed the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Specified IFWP, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents, and participated in conferences and telephone conversations with officers and other representatives of the Company, the independent public accountants for the Company, your representatives and your counsel, during which conferences and conversations the contents of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Specified IFWP and the Prospectus (and portions of certain of the Incorporated Documents) and related matters were discussed. We also reviewed and relied upon certain corporate records and documents, letters from counsel and accountants, and oral and written statements of officers and other representatives of the Company and others as to the existence and consequence of certain factual and other matters.

Based on our participation, review and reliance as described above, we advise you that no facts came to our attention that caused us to believe that:

 

    the Registration Statement, at the time it became effective on June 20, 2018, including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Act (together with the Incorporated Documents at that time), contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;

 

    the Preliminary Prospectus, as of 4:30 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on June 20, 2018 (together with the Incorporated Documents at that date and the Specified IFWP), contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or

 

    the Prospectus, as of its date or as of the date hereof (together with the Incorporated Documents at those dates), contained or contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

it being understood that we express no belief with respect to the financial statements, schedules, or other financial data included or incorporated by reference in, or omitted from, the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Specified IFWP, the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents, or the Form T-1.


Annex A-2

[Form of Tax Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP]

1.    Commencing with the Company’s taxable year ended December 31, 2011, the Company has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”), and its proposed method of operation will enable the Company to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code; and

2.    The statements in Exhibit 99.1 to the June Current Report under the heading “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” as supplemented by the statements in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus under the heading “Supplemental U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” insofar as such statements purport to constitute summaries of United States federal income tax law and regulations or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitute accurate summaries of the matters described therein in all material respects.


Annex A-3

[Form of Opinion of Venable LLP]

1.    Each of the Company and RWT Holdings Sub is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing with the SDAT, with corporate power to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business in all material respects as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the headings “Prospectus Supplement Summary—About Redwood Trust, Inc.”

2.    The authorized, issued and outstanding stock of the Company is as set forth in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization.” The shares of Common Stock of the Company issued and outstanding as of the date hereof immediately prior to the issuance of the Notes (the “Outstanding Shares”) have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and have not been issued in violation of, or subject to, any preemptive or similar rights arising under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) or the Company Charter or the Company Bylaws. The stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the headings “General Description of Securities,” “Description of Common Stock” and “Description of Preferred Stock.”

3.    The shares of stock of RWT Holdings Sub issued and outstanding as of the date hereof have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and have not been issued in violation of, or subject to, any preemptive or similar rights arising under the MGCL, the Holdings Charter or the Holdings Bylaws, and are owned by the Company (excluding the shares of preferred stock issued by RWT Holdings Sub).

4.    The Company has the corporate power to execute and deliver the Note Documents and to perform its obligations thereunder.

5.    The execution and delivery of the Note Documents have been duly authorized by the Company. The Note Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the Company.

6.    The issuance of the Conversion Shares has been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered by the Company in accordance with the Resolutions, the Indenture and the Notes, the Conversion Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and will not have been issued in violation of, or subject to, any preemptive or similar rights arising under the MGCL or the Company Charter or the Company Bylaws. The Board has adopted a resolution reserving the Conversion Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Indenture and the Notes.


7.    The Common Stock Certificate complies with the applicable requirements of the MGCL and with any applicable requirement under the Company Charter and the Company Bylaws.

8.    The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Note Documents, the compliance by the Company with the terms thereof, the issuance and sale of the Notes and the issuance of the Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Notes will not (a) violate the provisions of the Company Charter, the Company Bylaws, the Holdings Charter or the Holdings Bylaws or (b) result in the violation of any Maryland statute, rule or regulation, or, so far as is known to us, judgment or order applicable to the Company of any court or governmental or regulatory authority of the State of Maryland (other than any law, rule, regulation, judgment or order in connection with the securities laws of the State of Maryland, as to which no opinion is expressed hereby) except, in the case of clause (b) above, for such violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

9.    No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or governmental or regulatory authority of the State of Maryland is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Note Documents, the compliance by the Company with the terms thereof, the issuance and sale of the Notes, or the issuance of the Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Notes except such as have been obtained or made, if any (other than any consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification in connection with the securities laws of the State of Maryland, as to which no opinion is expressed hereby).

10.    The statements (a) in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus under the headings “Risk Factors—Provisions of Maryland law, our charter and bylaws and the indenture governing the notes may impede or discourage a takeover, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline,” “General Description of Securities,” “Description of Common Stock,” “Description of Preferred Stock,” “Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares” and “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws,” (b) in the Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors Provisions in our charter and bylaws and provisions of Maryland law may limit a change in control or deter a takeover that might otherwise result in a premium price being paid to our shareholders for their shares in Redwood” and “Risk Factors—The ability to take action against our directors and officers is limited by our charter and bylaws and provisions of Maryland law and we may (or, in some cases, are obligated to) indemnify our current and former directors and officers against certain losses relating to their service to us” and (c) in the Registration Statement in Item 15, to the extent that they constitute summaries of the terms of the stock of the Company, matters of Maryland law or the Company Charter or the Company Bylaws, are accurate in all material respects.

11.    Based solely on the Officer’s Certificate and upon any facts otherwise known to us, there is no action, litigation, arbitration or mediation pending (in which service of process has been received by an employee of the Company) before any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative body against the Company that challenges the validity or enforceability, or seeks to enjoin the performance, of the Notes, the Indenture, the Supplemental Indenture or the Underwriting Agreement.


Annex A-4

[Form of Opinion of Weintraub Tobin Chediak Coleman Grodin Law Corporation]

1.    Each subsidiary of the Company listed on Schedule 1 hereto (each, a “Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Subsidiaries”) has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation, and has all power and authority necessary to own or hold its respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which it is engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

2.    The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or limited liability company to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure to be so qualified or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

3.    All the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable, and have not been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

4.    The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Indenture, the Securities and the Underwriting Agreement, the compliance by the Company with the terms thereof, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Indenture, the Securities and the Underwriting Agreement or the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus will not (i) result in any violation of the provisions of the certificate of formation or bylaws or similar organizational documents of any of the Subsidiaries, (ii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, or (iii) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any of the agreements listed in Schedule 2 hereto, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such violation, conflict, breach, default, creation or imposition that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.    To the best of our knowledge, except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information or the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory


investigations, actions, suits or proceedings pending to which any Subsidiary is or may be a party or to which any property of any Subsidiary is or may be the subject which, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Subsidiary, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and to the best of our knowledge, no such investigations, actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others.

6.     The statements in the Company’s Annual Report under the heading “Risk Factors –Conducting our business in a manner so that we are exempt from registration under, and in compliance with, the Investment Company Act may reduce our flexibility and could limit our ability to pursue certain opportunities. At the same time, failure to continue to qualify for exemption from the Investment Company Act could adversely affect us,” to the extent that they constitute summaries of matters of law or regulation or legal conclusions, fairly summarize the matters described therein in all material respects.

7.    Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act.


SCHEDULE 1

 

RWT Holdings, Inc.

One Belvedere Place

Suite 310

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

RWT Financial, LLC

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

Redwood Residential Acquisition

Corporation One Belvedere Place

Suite 500

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

RWT Securities, LLC

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

Redwood Commercial Mortgage Corporation

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

Redwood Capital Trust I

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

RCMC 2012 - CRELl, LLC

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

Redwood Subsidiary Holdings, LLC

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation

One Belvedere Place

Suite 320

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

RRAC SPV-FN Trust

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc.

One Belvedere Place

Suite 330

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

RRAC SPV-FN2 Trust

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941

Redwood Asset Management, Inc.

One Belvedere Place

Suite 370

Mill Valley, CA 94941

  

RRAC SPV-FRE Trust

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, CA 94941


Annex B

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus

 

  1. Electronic version of the Company’s road show presentation and materials made available on the website http:www.netroadshow.com.

 

  2. Term sheet containing the terms of the Securities, substantially in the form of Annex C.


Annex C

Pricing Term Sheet

Filed pursuant to Rule 433

Registration File No. 333-211267

Relating to the

Preliminary Prospectus Supplement

dated June 19, 2018

(To Prospectus dated May 10, 2016)

Pricing Term Sheet

dated June 20, 2018

Redwood Trust, Inc.

Offering of

$200,000,000 principal amount of

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

(the “Offering”)

The information in this pricing term sheet relates only to the Offering and should be read together with the preliminary prospectus supplement dated June 19, 2018 (the “Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”) relating to the Offering, including the documents incorporated by reference therein and the related base prospectus dated May 10, 2016, each filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As used in this pricing term sheet, “Issuer,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Redwood Trust, Inc. and not to its subsidiaries.

 

Issuer:

Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

 

Ticker / Exchange for Common Stock:

RWT / The New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

 

Trade Date:

June 21, 2018.

 

Expected Settlement Date:

June 25, 2018.

 

Securities Offered:

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Notes”).

 

Aggregate Principal Amount Offered:

$200,000,000 principal amount of Notes (or a total of $230,000,000 principal amount of Notes if the underwriters exercise in full their over-allotment option to purchase additional Notes).

 

Public Offering Price:

99.50% of principal amount.


Maturity Date:

July 15, 2024, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.

 

Interest Rate:

5.625% per year.

 

Interest Payment Dates:

Semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2019.

 

Record Dates:

January 1 and July 1.

 

Closing Price:

$16.60 per share of the Issuer’s Common Stock on the NYSE on June 20, 2018.

 

Conversion Premium:

Approximately 10% above the Closing Price.

 

Initial Conversion Price:

Approximately $18.26 per share of Common Stock.

 

Initial Conversion Rate:

54.7645 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustment.

 

Use of Proceeds:

The Issuer estimates that the net proceeds it will receive from the Offering will be approximately $194.0 million (or approximately $223.2 million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The Issuer intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering to fund its business and investment activity, which may include funding purchases of residential mortgage loans and acquiring mortgage-backed securities for its investment portfolio, funding new investment initiatives in the single-family rental and multifamily housing sectors, as well as for other general corporate purposes.

 

  Pending such uses, the Issuer may use all or a portion of the net proceeds from the Offering to temporarily reduce borrowings under its short-term residential loan warehouse facilities and its short-term real estate securities repurchase facilities. The Issuer may subsequently re-borrow amounts under its short-term residential loan warehouse facilities and its short-term real estate securities repurchase facilities to fund its business and investment activity, as described above. See “Use of Proceeds” in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement.

 

Joint Book-Running Managers:

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

 

-2-


CUSIP Number:

758075 AD7.

 

ISIN Number:

US758075AD73.

 

Redemption of Notes to Preserve REIT Status:

The Issuer may not redeem the Notes prior to their maturity, except to the extent, and only to the extent, necessary to preserve its status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Issuer determines that redeeming the Notes is necessary to preserve its status as a REIT, then it may redeem all or part of the Notes at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

 

Adjustment to Shares Delivered Upon Make-Whole Fundamental Change:

If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement) occurs prior to the maturity date, the Issuer will in some cases increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The following table sets forth the hypothetical stock prices and the number of additional shares of Common Stock by which the conversion rate for the Notes will be increased per $1,000 principal amount of Notes in the event of a make-whole fundamental change:

 

     Stock Price  

Effective Date

   $16.60      $17.00      $17.50      $18.00      $19.00      $20.00      $21.00      $22.00  

June 25, 2018

     5.4764        4.7173        3.8772        3.1490        1.9863        1.1528        0.5841        0.2265  

July 15, 2019

     5.4764        4.6973        3.8266        3.0728        1.8724        1.0158        0.4347        0.0730  

July 15, 2020

     5.4764        4.8510        3.9396        3.1516        1.9002        1.0123        0.4151        0.0478  

July 15, 2021

     5.4764        4.9583        3.9991        3.1722        1.8672        0.9526        0.3490        0.0000  

July 15, 2022

     5.4764        4.9540        3.9365        3.0652        1.7089        0.7829        0.1945        0.0000  

July 15, 2023

     5.4764        4.7309        3.6269        2.7006        1.3188        0.4476        0.0000        0.0000  

July 15, 2024

     5.4764        4.0590        2.3784        0.7911        0.0000        0.0000        0.0000        0.0000  

The exact stock prices and effective dates may not be set forth in the table above, in which case:

 

    If the stock price is between two stock price amounts in the table or the effective date is between two effective dates in the table, the number of additional shares will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of additional shares set forth for the higher and lower stock price amounts and the two dates, as applicable, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable.

 

    If the stock price is greater than $22.00 per share, subject to adjustment, no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

 

-3-


    If the stock price is less than $16.60 per share, subject to adjustment, no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the total number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion exceed 60.2409 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustments in the same manner as the conversion rate as set forth in “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments” in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement.

Underwriting

The disclosure set forth in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Underwriting” is updated by adding the following in the first set of bullet points on page S-54 of the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement describing exceptions to the Issuer’s agreement with the underwriters not to engage in certain transactions relating to its common stock:

 

    any shares of our common stock (with a value not exceeding $6.75 million) in connection with our option to purchase the remainder of the 5 Arches, LLC platform.

* * *

The Issuer has filed a registration statement (including a preliminary prospectus supplement dated June 19, 2018 and an accompanying prospectus dated May 10, 2016) with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the other documents the Issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the Issuer and the offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC web site at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, copies may be obtained from Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, c/o Credit Suisse Prospectus Department, One Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010, or by calling 1-800-221-1037 or emailing newyork.prospectus@credit-suisse.com, or from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions, 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, New York 11717, or by calling 1-866-803-9204, or from Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, c/o Equity Syndicate Department, 375 Park Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, New York 10152, or by calling 1-800-326-5897 or emailing cmclientsupport@wellsfargo.com.

This communication should be read in conjunction with the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The information in this communication supersedes the information in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying prospectus to the extent inconsistent with the information in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

ANY DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES THAT MAY APPEAR BELOW ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS COMMUNICATION AND SHOULD BE DISREGARDED. SUCH DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES WERE AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED AS A RESULT OF THIS COMMUNICATION BEING SENT VIA BLOOMBERG OR ANOTHER EMAIL SYSTEM.

 

-4-


Exhibit A

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

June 19, 2018                

CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC

WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC

As Representatives of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting

Agreement referred to below

c/o Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

11 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10010-3629

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

383 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10179

c/o Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

11 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10010

 

  Re: REDWOOD TRUST, INC. — Public Offering

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that you, as Representatives of the several Underwriters, propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), providing for the public offering (the “Public Offering”) by the several Underwriters named in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriters”), of Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 of the Company (the “Securities”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement.

In consideration of the Underwriters’ agreement to purchase and make the Public Offering of the Securities, and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, during the period from the date of this Letter Agreement through and including the date that is 75 days after the date of the prospectus (the “Restricted Period”) relating to the Public Offering (the “Prospectus”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or


contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock, $0.01 per share par value, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (including without limitation, Common Stock which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) or publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing or (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the Restricted Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.

Notwithstanding the foregoing prohibitions, the undersigned may transfer Common Stock: (1) to an immediate family member; (2) to one or more trusts of which the sole beneficiaries thereof are the undersigned and/or the undersigned’s immediate family members; (3) as a bona fide gift or gifts; (4) in a transaction consummated in accordance with a contract, instruction or plan satisfying the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (a “10b5-1 Plan”) and existing or entered into prior to the date hereof; (5) pursuant to a domestic order or a negotiated divorce settlement; and (6) to the Company in satisfaction of any tax withholding obligations pursuant to the terms of any equity compensation plan or arrangement; provided, however, that in the case of any transfer pursuant to (1), (2), or (3) above, it shall be a pre-condition to such transfer that (a) the transferee or donee has agreed in writing with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC to be bound by the terms of this Letter Agreement, (b) no filing by any party (transferor, transferee, donor or donee) under the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with such transfer (other than a filing on a Form 5, Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G (or 13D/A or 13G/A) made after the expiration of the Restricted Period) and (c) each party (transferor, transferee, donor or donee) shall not be required by law (including without limitation the disclosure requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act) to make, and shall agree to not voluntarily make, any public announcement of the transfer.

In addition, notwithstanding such foregoing prohibitions, the undersigned shall be permitted to establish a 10b5-1 Plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1) at any time during the Restricted Period, provided that, prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, (x) the undersigned shall not transfer or sell any securities under such 10b5-1 Plan, and (y) no public announcement or filing shall be made in connection with the establishment of such 10b5-1 Plan.

In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the registration or transfer of the securities described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Letter Agreement.


The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Letter Agreement. All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned.

The undersigned understands that, if the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective, or if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Securities to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this Letter Agreement. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this Letter Agreement.

This Letter Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Letter Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof.


Very truly yours,

[NAME OF STOCKHOLDER]

By:    
  Name:
  Title:

Exhibit 4.2

EXECUTION VERSION

 

 

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

as Issuer

AND

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee

 

 

Third Supplemental Indenture

Dated as of June 25, 2018

to

Indenture dated as of March 6, 2013

 

 

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          P AGE  

ARTICLE I. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS AND PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

     1  

Section 1.01

   Definitions      1  

Section 1.02

   Conflicts With Base Indenture      6  

Section 1.03

   Section References      6  

Section 1.04

   References to Interest      7  

ARTICLE II. THE NOTES

     7  

Section 2.01

   Designation and Terms of Notes      7  

Section 2.02

   Denominations      7  

Section 2.03

   Form and Dating      7  

Section 2.04

   Conversion Agent      8  

Section 2.05

   Ranking      9  

Section 2.06

   Further Issues; Repurchases      9  

ARTICLE III. PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

     9  

Section 3.01

   Payment of Principal and Interest; Method of Payment      9  

Section 3.02

   Provisions as to Paying Agent      10  

Section 3.03

   SEC Filings and Reports      11  

Section 3.04

   Additional Interest      11  

ARTICLE IV. REPURCHASE AT OPTION OF THE HOLDER

     12  

Section 4.01

   Repurchase at the Option of the Holder Upon a Fundamental Change      12  

ARTICLE V. CONVERSION OF NOTES

     16  

Section 5.01

   Right to Convert      16  

Section 5.02

   Conversion Procedures      16  

Section 5.03

   Settlement Upon Conversion      17  

Section 5.04

   Adjustment of Conversion Rate      19  

Section 5.05

   Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Shares of Common Stock      28  

Section 5.06

   Adjustments of Prices      29  

Section 5.07

   Adjustment to Shares Delivered Upon Conversion Upon Make-Whole Fundamental Changes      29  

Section 5.08

   Taxes on Shares Issued      30  

Section 5.09

   Reservation of Shares; Shares to be Fully Paid; Compliance with Governmental Requirements      30  

Section 5.10

   Responsibility of Trustee      31  

Section 5.11

   Company Determination Final      31  

ARTICLE VI. REDEMPTION; NO SINKING FUND

     31  

Section 6.01

   Right of the Company to Redeem the Notes      31  

 

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Section 6.02

   Notice of Redemption      32  

Section 6.03

   Partial Redemptions      32  

Section 6.04

   No Sinking Fund      32  

ARTICLE VII. REMEDIES

     32  

Section 7.01

   Events of Default      32  

Section 7.02

   Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment      34  

Section 7.03

   Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee      35  

Section 7.04

   Trustee May File Proofs of Claim      35  

Section 7.05

   Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Notes      36  

Section 7.06

   Application of Money Collected      36  

Section 7.07

   Limitation on Suits      36  

Section 7.08

   Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest and to Convert      37  

Section 7.09

   Restoration of Rights and Remedies      37  

Section 7.10

   Rights and Remedies Cumulative      37  

Section 7.11

   Delay or Omission Not Waiver      37  

Section 7.12

   Control by Holders      37  

Section 7.13

   Waiver of Past Defaults and Rescission      38  

Section 7.14

   Undertaking for Costs      38  

Section 7.15

   Notice of Default      39  

Section 7.16

   Interest on Overdue Payments      39  

ARTICLE VIII. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

     39  

Section 8.01

   Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms      39  

Section 8.02

   Successor Substituted      39  

ARTICLE IX. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

     40  

Section 9.01

   Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture      40  

ARTICLE X. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

     41  

Section 10.01

   Supplemental Indentures      41  

Section 10.02

   Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders      41  

Section 10.03

   Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders      42  

Section 10.04

   Notices of Supplemental Indentures      43  

ARTICLE XI. MISCELLANEOUS

     43  

Section 11.01

   Governing Law      43  

Section 11.02

   Calculations in Respect of Notes      43  

Section 11.03

   No Representations or Warranties by the Trustee      43  

Section 11.04

   Payments on Business Days Only      44  

Signatures

Schedule A

Exhibit A

 

 

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THIRD SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, dated as of June 25, 2018 (“ Third Supplemental Indenture ”), to the Indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013 (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance therewith, the “ Base Indenture ” and, as amended, modified and supplemented by this Third Supplemental Indenture, the “ Indenture ”), by and among REDWOOD TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as trustee (the “ Trustee ”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company desires to provide for the establishment of a new series of its Securities to be known as its “5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024” (the “ Notes ”), the form and substance of the Notes and the terms, provisions and conditions thereof to be set forth as provided in the Indenture.

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS THIRD SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE WITNESSETH, for and in consideration of the premises and the purchases of the Notes by the Holders thereof, it is mutually agreed, for the benefit of the Company and the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Notes, as follows:

ARTICLE I.

CERTAIN DEFINITIONS AND PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Section 1.01 Definitions . Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Base Indenture.

As used herein, the following terms have the specified meanings:

Act ” means any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders that may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by their agents duly appointed in writing.

Additional Interest ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.02(a).

Additional Notes ” means an unlimited maximum aggregate principal amount of Notes (other than the Initial Notes) issued under this Third Supplemental Indenture.

Additional Shares ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.07(a).

Applicable Procedures ” with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Note or beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of DTC or any successor Depositary, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.

Business Day ” means, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 1.01 of the Base Indenture, any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or any day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or executive order to close or to be closed in the City of New York; provided , however , that solely for purposes of determining the dates on which payments are due on the Notes, a day on which banking institutions in the applicable place of payment are authorized or required by law or executive order to close will be deemed not to be a Business Day.

 

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Capital Stock ” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.

Close of Business ” means 5:00 p.m. New York City time.

Common Equity ” of any corporation means the common stock, common equity interests, ordinary shares or depositary shares or other certificates representing common equity interests of such corporation.

Common Stock ” means, subject to Section 5.05, the shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company as they exist on the date of this Third Supplemental Indenture.

Common Stock Change Event ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.05.

Company ”, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 1.01 of the Base Indenture, has the meaning specified in the first paragraph of this Third Supplemental Indenture, and subject to the provisions of Article VIII, shall include its successors and assigns.

Conversion Agent ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.04.

Conversion Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.02(b).

Conversion Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.02(a).

Conversion Price ” means at any time the amount equal to $1,000 divided by the then applicable Conversion Rate.

Conversion Rate ” means initially 54.7645 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustment as set forth herein.

The term “ corporation ” means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock company or business trust.

Deferral Exception ” means any deferral of an adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to the second sentence of Section 5.04(j).

Depositary ,” notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 1.01 of the Base Indenture, has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(b).

Dividend Threshold Amount ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.04(d).

DTC ” means The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation, or any successor Depositary.

 

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Effective Date ” means the date on which a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs or becomes effective.

Event of Default ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.01.

Ex-Dividend Date ” means the first date on which the shares of the Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive the issuance, dividend or distribution in question from the Company or, if applicable, from the seller of the Common Stock on such exchange or market (in the form of due bills or otherwise) as determined by such exchange or market. For the avoidance of doubt, any alternative trading convention on the applicable exchange or market in respect of the Common Stock under a separate ticker symbol or CUSIP number will not be considered “regular way” for this purpose.

Expiration Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.04(e).

Fundamental Change ” will be deemed to have occurred at the time after the Notes are originally issued if any of the following occurs:

(1) a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act other than the Company, its Subsidiaries and its and their employee benefit plans, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing, or the Company otherwise becomes aware, that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of the Company’s Common Equity representing more than 50% of the voting power of the Company’s Common Equity;

(2) the consummation of (A) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Common Stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which the Common Stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, cash, securities or other property; (B) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of the Company pursuant to which the Common Stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property; or (C) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one of the Company’s Subsidiaries; provided , however , that a transaction described in clause (A) or (B) in which the holders of all classes of the Company’s Common Equity immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all classes of the Company’s Common Equity of the continuing or surviving corporation or transferee or the parent thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions (relative to each other) as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction shall not be a Fundamental Change pursuant to this clause (2);

(3) the Company’s stockholders approve any plan or proposal for its liquidation or dissolution; or

(4) the Common Stock ceases to be listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors).

 

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A transaction or transactions described in clauses (1) or (2) above will not constitute a Fundamental Change, however, if (x) at least 90% of the consideration received or to be received by holders of the Common Stock (excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights) in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock or common equity interests listed or quoted (or depositary receipts representing shares of common stock, which depositary receipts are listed or quoted) on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market or (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions; and (y) as a result of such transaction or transactions the Notes become convertible into such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights, pursuant to this Indenture.

Fundamental Change Expiration Time ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(c).

Fundamental Change Repurchase Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(a).

Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(a).

Fundamental Change Repurchase Price ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(a).

Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(b).

Global Note ” means a Note that is a Global Security.

Initial Notes ” means the Notes issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement.

Interest Payment Date ” means each January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning January 15, 2019 (or such other date as may be set forth in the certificate representing the applicable Note).

Last Reported Sale Price ” of the Common Stock on any date means the closing sale price (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the last bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average last bid and the average last ask prices) per share on that date as reported in composite transactions on principal U.S. national securities exchange or market on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted for trading. If the Common Stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, the “Last Reported Sale Price” of the Common Stock will be the last quoted bid price per share of the Common Stock in the over-the-counter market on the relevant Trading Day as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or another similar organization selected by the Company. If the Common Stock is not so quoted, the “Last Reported Sale Price” of the Common Stock will be the average of the midpoint of the last bid and ask prices for shares of the Common Stock on the relevant date from a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company for this purpose, which may include one or more of the Underwriters.

 

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Make-Whole Fundamental Change ” means any transaction or event that constitutes a Fundamental Change, after giving effect to any exceptions or exclusions under the definition of Fundamental Change, but without regard to the proviso in clause (2) of the definition of Fundamental Change.

Market Disruption Event ” means the occurrence or existence on any Scheduled Trading Day for the Common Stock of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the stock exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options, contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock, and such suspension or limitation occurs or exists at any time within the 30 minutes prior to the closing time of the relevant exchange on such day.

Note ” and “ Notes ” have the meaning specified in the Recitals and include the Initial Notes and any Additional Notes. The Initial Notes and Additional Notes shall be treated as a single class for all purposes under this Indenture. The term “Note” in this Indenture shall refer to each $1,000 principal amount of Notes.

Open of Business ” means 9:00 a.m. New York City time.

Ownership Limitation ” means the limitation on beneficial ownership of shares of the Common Stock, in number of shares or value, of the outstanding shares of Common Stock contained in the Company’s charter, as amended.

Record Date ” means, with respect to any dividend, distribution or other transaction or event in which the holders of the Common Stock have the right to receive any cash, securities or other property or in which the Common Stock is exchanged for or converted into any combination of cash, securities or other property, the date fixed for determination of holders of the Common Stock entitled to receive such cash, securities or other property (whether such date is fixed by the Board of Directors, statute, contract or otherwise).

Redemption Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.01.

Redemption Price ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.01.

Reference Property ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.05.

Reference Property Unit ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.05.

Regular Record Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01(b).

Reporting Event of Default ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.02(a).

Scheduled Trading Day ” means a day that is scheduled to be a Trading Day on the principal U.S. national securities exchange or market on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted for trading. If the Common Stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, “Scheduled Trading Day” means a Business Day.

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

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Securities Custodian ” means the Trustee, as custodian with respect to the Global Note, or any successor thereto.

Shoe Option ” means the Underwriters’ option, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, to purchase up to an additional $30,000,000 principal amount of Notes.

Significant Subsidiaries ” means, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 1.01 of the Base Indenture, a subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act; provided , that, in the case of a Subsidiary that meets the criteria of clause (3) of the definition thereof but not clause (1) or (2) thereof, such Subsidiary shall not be deemed to be a Significant Subsidiary unless the Subsidiary’s income from continuing operations before income taxes, extraordinary items and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle exclusive of amounts attributable to any non-controlling interests for the last completed fiscal year prior to the date of such determination exceeds $25,000,000.

Spin-Off ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.04(c).

Stated Maturity ” means, with respect to the Notes, July 15, 2024.

Stock Price ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.07(b).

Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.04(e).

Trading Day ” means a day during which (i) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on a U.S. national securities exchange and (ii) there is no Market Disruption Event. If the Common Stock is not so traded, “Trading Day” means a Business Day.

Underwriters ” means the underwriters listed in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement.

Underwriting Agreement ” means the Underwriting Agreement, dated June 20, 2018, between the Company and, as representatives of the several Underwriters, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.

Valuation Period ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.04(c).

Section 1.02 Conflicts With Base Indenture . If any provision of this Third Supplemental Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Base Indenture, such provision of this Third Supplemental Indenture shall control.

Section 1.03 Section References . References to Articles, Sections, Exhibits, Annexes and Schedules are to Articles, Sections, Exhibits, Annexes and Schedules of this Third Supplemental Indenture unless otherwise specified.

 

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Section 1.04 References to Interest . As used in this Third Supplemental Indenture and the Notes, references to interest on the Notes will be deemed to include Additional Interest, if any, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise.

ARTICLE II.

THE NOTES

Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Notes . There is hereby created and designated a series of Securities under the Base Indenture: the title of the Notes shall be “5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024.” The changes, modifications and supplements to the Base Indenture effected by this Third Supplemental Indenture shall be applicable only with respect to, and govern the terms of, the Notes and shall not apply to any other series of Securities that may be issued under the Base Indenture unless a supplemental indenture with respect to such other series of Securities specifically incorporates such changes, modifications and supplements.

The aggregate principal amount of the Notes that initially may be authenticated and delivered under this Third Supplemental Indenture shall be limited to $200,000,000 (or up to $230,000,000 if the Underwriters exercise the Shoe Option), subject to increase as set forth in Section 2.06.

The Notes shall mature on the Stated Maturity.

Principal and interest on Global Notes shall be payable in the manner set forth in Section 3.01.

The Notes shall be convertible as provided in Article V.

Section 2.02 Denominations . The Notes shall be issuable only in fully registered form without interest coupons and only in minimum denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

Section 2.03 Form and Dating . (a) The Notes and the corresponding Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the respective forms set forth in Exhibit A , which Exhibit is incorporated in and made part of this Indenture. The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, exchange rule, Applicable Procedures or usage. The Company shall provide any such notations, legends or endorsements to the Trustee in writing. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication.

(b) Global Notes .

(i) All of the Notes shall be issued initially in the form of one or more Global Notes, which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with the Trustee, at its Corporate Trust Office, as Securities Custodian for the depositary, DTC (such depositary, or any successor thereto, being hereinafter referred to as the “ Depositary ”), and registered in the name of its nominee, Cede & Co., or as otherwise instructed by the Depositary duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee as hereinafter provided. A Global Note may be

 

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transferred, in whole or in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor of the Depositary or its nominee. Beneficial interest in a Global Note may be held directly through the Depositary if such Holder is a participant in the Depositary, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in the Depositary. Transfers between participants shall be effected in the ordinary way in accordance with Applicable Procedures and shall be settled in clearing house funds. The aggregate principal amount of the Global Notes may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Securities Custodian and the Depositary as hereinafter provided, subject in each case to compliance with the Applicable Procedures and the provisions of this Indenture.

(ii) Each Global Note shall represent such of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified therein and each shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of outstanding Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate, to reflect exchanges, redemptions, purchases, repurchases or conversions of such Notes. Any adjustment of the aggregate principal amount of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in accordance with Applicable Procedures and shall be made on the records of the Trustee and the Depositary.

(c) Certificated Notes . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 2.14(b) of the Base Indenture, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be exchanged for certificated Notes:

(i) If (x) the Depositary for such Global Note notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Note or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (y) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that such Global Note shall be so exchangeable;

(ii) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; or

(iii) If the holder of such beneficial interest and the Company agree to such exchange.

Section 2.04 Conversion Agent . The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Notes may be presented for conversion (the “ Conversion Agent ”). The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of the Conversion Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain the Conversion Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations may be made at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations.

 

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The Company hereby initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent in connection with the Notes.

Section 2.05 Ranking . The obligations of the Company arising under or in connection with this Indenture and every outstanding Note issued under this Indenture from time to time constitute and shall constitute a general unsecured senior obligation of the Company, ranking equally with existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company and ranking senior in right of payment to any existing and future indebtedness of the Company that is expressly made subordinate to the Notes by the terms of such indebtedness.

Section 2.06 Further Issues; Repurchases . The Company may, without the consent of the Holders, issue Additional Notes in an unlimited aggregate principal amount under the Indenture with the same terms as the Initial Notes (except, to the extent applicable, with respect to the date as of which interest begins to accrue on such Additional Notes and the first Interest Payment Date); provided , that if the Additional Notes are not fungible with the Initial Notes for United States federal income tax purposes, the Additional Notes will be identified by a separate CUSIP number or by no CUSIP number. In addition, the Company may at any time and from time to time repurchase Notes by tender offer, open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise, in accordance with applicable securities laws without giving prior notice to or obtaining any consent of the Holders. The Company shall cause any Notes repurchased by the Company pursuant to the foregoing sentence or otherwise (other than Notes repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other cash-settled derivatives) to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation and such Notes will no longer be Outstanding under the Indenture upon their repurchase.

ARTICLE III.

PARTICULAR COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY

Subject to Section 1.02 and except as provided in this Article III, the provisions of Article IV of the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the provisions of this Third Supplemental Indenture, shall apply to the Notes.

Section 3.01 Payment of Principal and Interest ; Method of Payment . This Section 3.01 shall, with respect to the Notes, replace Section 4.01 of the Base Indenture in its entirety.

The Company covenants and agrees that it shall duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of and interest on each of the Notes at the places, at the respective times and in the manner provided herein and in the Notes.

(a) The Notes will bear interest at a rate of 5.625% per year. Interest on the Notes will accrue from and including the initial date of issuance, or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for. Interest will be payable semiannually in arrears on each Interest Payment Date beginning January 15, 2019 (or such other date as may be set forth in the certificate representing the applicable Note). Pursuant to Section 7.02 of this Indenture, in certain circumstances, the Holders of Notes shall be entitled to receive Additional Interest.

 

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(b) Interest will be paid to the person in whose name a Note is registered at the Close of Business on January 1 or July 1, as the case may be (the “ Regular Record Date ”), immediately preceding the relevant Interest Payment Date. Interest on the Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.

(c) The Company will pay the principal of certificated Notes at the office or agency designated by the Company. The Company has initially designated a Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its Paying Agent and Registrar as a place where Notes may be presented for payment for or registration of transfer. The Company will pay any interest on any certificated Note to the Holder of such Note (i) if such Holder holds $2,000,000 or less aggregate principal amount of Notes, by check mailed to such Holder’s registered address, and (ii) if such Holder holds more than $2,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes, (A) by check mailed to such Holder’s registered address or, (B) if such Holder delivers to the Registrar a written request that the Company make such payments by wire transfer to an account of such Holder within the United States, for each interest payment corresponding to each Regular Record Date occurring during the period beginning on the date on which such Holder delivered such request and ending on the date, if any, on which such Holder delivers to the Registrar a written instruction to the contrary, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account specified by such Holder.

The Company shall pay the principal of, and interest on Global Notes in immediately available funds to the Depositary.

Section 3.02 Provisions as to Paying Agent .

(a) If the Company shall appoint a Paying Agent other than the Trustee, or if the Trustee shall appoint such a Paying Agent, the Company will cause such Paying Agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 3.02 that such Paying Agent will:

(i) comply with the duties applicable to a paying agent under the TIA; and

(ii) during the continuance of any Default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes) in the making of any payment in respect of the Notes, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent as such.

The Company shall, on or before each due date of the principal of (excluding any Fundamental Change Repurchase Price with respect to), or interest on, the Notes, deposit with the Paying Agent a sum (in funds which are immediately available on the due date for such payment) sufficient to pay such principal or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action; provided, however , that if such deposit is made on the due date, such deposit shall be received by the Paying Agent by 11:00 a.m. New York City time, on such date.

 

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(b) If the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or interest on the Notes, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due and will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action and of any failure by the Company (or any other obligor under the Notes) to make any payment of the principal of or interest on the Notes when the same shall become due and payable.

(c) Anything in this Section 3.02 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may, at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or any Paying Agent hereunder as required by this Section 3.02, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the trusts herein contained, and upon such payment by the Company or any Paying Agent to the Trustee, the Company or such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.

(d) Anything in this Section 3.02 to the contrary notwithstanding, the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section 3.02 is subject to Section 8.05 of the Base Indenture.

(e) The Trustee shall not be responsible for the actions of any other Paying Agents (including the Company if acting as its own Paying Agent) and shall have no control of any funds held by such other Paying Agents.

Section 3.03 SEC Filings and Reports . This Section 3.03 shall, with respect to the Notes, replace Section 4.02 of the Base Indenture in its entirety.

The Company covenants that any documents or reports that the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or to otherwise comply with Section 314(a) of the TIA shall be filed by the Company (with a copy to the Trustee) within 15 calendar days after the same are required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act or any other similar or successor provision). Documents filed by the Company pursuant to the SEC’s “EDGAR” system (or any successor electronic filing system) shall be deemed to constitute “filing” with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 3.03. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates).

Section 3.04 Additional Interest . If at any time Additional Interest becomes payable by the Company pursuant to Section 7.02, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Trustee a certificate to that effect and stating (i) the amount of such Additional Interest that is payable and (ii) the date on which such Additional Interest is payable. Unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee receives such a certificate, the Trustee may assume without inquiry that no Additional Interest is payable. If the Company has paid Additional Interest directly to the Persons entitled to such Additional Interest, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee a certificate setting forth the particulars of such payment.

 

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ARTICLE IV.

REPURCHASE AT OPTION OF THE HOLDER

Section 4.01 Repurchase at the Option of the Holder Upon a Fundamental Change .

(a) If a Fundamental Change occurs at any time, the Holders shall have the right, at such Holder’s option, to require the Company to repurchase all of such Holder’s Notes, or any portion of the principal amount thereof that is equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000, on a Business Day (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Date ”) specified by the Company that is not less than 20 Business Days and not more than 35 Business Days after the date of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice at a repurchase price (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Price ”) equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, unless such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date falls after a Regular Record Date for an Interest Payment Date and on or prior to the corresponding Interest Payment Date, in which case (x) the Company will pay, on or before such Interest Payment Date, the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest payable on such Interest Payment Date to the Holder of record at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date; and (y) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price will not include such accrued and unpaid interest. Any Notes repurchased by the Company will be paid for in cash.

Repurchases of Notes under this Section 4.01 shall be made, at the option of the Holder thereof, upon:

(i) if the Notes are held in certificated form, delivery to the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) by a Holder of a duly completed notice (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice ”) in the form set forth on the reverse of the Note or, if the Notes are Global Notes, a notice that complies with the Applicable Procedures, prior to the Close of Business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, subject to extension to comply with applicable law; and

(ii) delivery or book-entry transfer of the Notes (together with all necessary endorsements) to the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) at any time after delivery of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice and prior to the Close of Business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, subject to extension to comply with applicable law, at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company), such delivery being a condition to receipt by the Holder of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price therefor; provided that such Fundamental Change Repurchase Price shall be so paid pursuant to this Section 4.01 only if the Note so delivered to the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) shall conform in all respects to the description thereof in the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice.

The Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice shall state:

 

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(A) if certificated, the certificate numbers of Notes to be delivered for repurchase;

(B) the portion of the principal amount of Notes to be repurchased, which must be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof; and

(C) that the Notes are to be repurchased by the Company pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Notes and this Indenture;

provided , however , that if the Notes are Global Notes, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice must comply with the Applicable Procedures.

Any repurchase by the Company contemplated pursuant to the provisions of this Section 4.01 shall be consummated by the delivery of the consideration to be received by the Holder in accordance with Section 4.01(d).

The Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) shall promptly notify the Company of the receipt by it of any Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice or written notice of withdrawal thereof in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this Section 4.01.

Any certificated Note that is to be repurchased only in part shall be surrendered to the Trustee (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery to the Holder of such certificated Note without service charge, a new certificated Note or new certificated Notes, containing identical terms and conditions, each in an authorized denomination in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unrepurchased portion of the principal of the certificated Note so surrendered.

(b) After the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, but on or before the 15 th day following such occurrence, the Company shall provide to all Holders and the Trustee and Paying Agent a notice (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice ”) of the occurrence of such Fundamental Change and of the resulting repurchase right, if any, at the option of the Holders arising as a result thereof.

Each Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice shall specify:

(i) the events causing the Fundamental Change and whether such Fundamental Change also constitutes a Make-Whole Fundamental Change;

(ii) the date of the Fundamental Change;

(iii) the last date on which a Holder may exercise its repurchase rights under Section 4.01, if applicable;

(iv) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price;

 

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(v) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date;

(vi) the name and address of the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent, if applicable;

(vii) that the Notes are eligible to be converted, the applicable Conversion Rate and any related adjustments to the applicable Conversion Rate;

(viii) that the Notes with respect to which a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice has been delivered by a Holder may be converted only if the Holder withdraws the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; and

(ix) the procedures the Holder must follow to require the Company to repurchase its Notes under Section 4.01, if applicable.

No failure of the Company to give the foregoing notices and no defect therein shall limit the Holders’ repurchase rights or affect the validity of the proceedings for the repurchase of the Notes pursuant to this Section 4.01.

(c) A Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice may be withdrawn in whole or in part by means of a written notice of withdrawal delivered to the Paying Agent in accordance with the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice at any time prior to the Close of Business on the second scheduled Trading Day prior to the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (the “ Fundamental Change Expiration Time ”), specifying:

(i) the principal amount of the withdrawn Notes, which must be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof;

(ii) if certificated Notes have been issued, the certificate numbers of the withdrawn Notes; and

(iii) the principal amount, if any, of such Note that remains subject to the original Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice, which portion must be in principal amounts of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000;

provided, however , that if the Notes are Global Notes, the withdrawal notice must comply with the Applicable Procedures.

(d) On or prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust) an amount of money sufficient to repurchase on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date all of the Notes to be repurchased on such date at the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. Subject to receipt of funds and/or Notes by the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company), payment for Notes properly surrendered for repurchase (and not withdrawn) prior to the Fundamental Change Expiration Time shall be made promptly after the later of (x) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date with respect to such

 

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Note (provided the Holder has satisfied the conditions to the payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price in this Section 4.01), or (y) the time of book-entry transfer or the delivery of such Note to the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) by the Holder thereof in the manner required by this Section 4.01 in accordance with the provisions in Section 3.01(c). The Trustee shall, promptly after such payment and upon written demand by the Company, return to the Company any funds in excess of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price.

(e) Subject to a Holder’s right to receive interest on the related Interest Payment Date where the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, as applicable, falls between a Regular Record Date and the Interest Payment Date to which it relates, if the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) holds money or securities sufficient to pay the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, then (i) such Notes shall cease to be outstanding and interest shall cease to accrue on such Notes, whether or not book-entry transfer of the Notes is made or whether or not the Notes are delivered to the Paying Agent, and (ii) all other rights of the Holders of such Notes shall terminate other than the right to receive the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and previously accrued and unpaid interest, if any, upon delivery or book-entry transfer of the Notes.

(f) No Notes may be repurchased at the option of Holders on any date if the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to such date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a Default by the Company in the payment of the applicable Fundamental Change Repurchase Price with respect to such Notes).

(g) In connection with any repurchase offer upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, the Company shall, if required:

(i) comply with the provisions of the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act that may then be applicable;

(ii) file a Schedule TO or any successor or similar schedule, if required, under the Exchange Act; and

(iii) otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in connection with any offer by the Company to repurchase the Notes,

in each case, so as to permit the rights and obligations under this Article IV to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in this Indenture.

(h) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article IV, the Company will not be required to make an offer to repurchase the Notes upon a Fundamental Change if a third party makes such an offer to repurchase in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Article IV applicable to an offer to repurchase made by the Company and such third party purchases all Notes properly tendered and not validly withdrawn under such offer.

 

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ARTICLE V.

CONVERSION OF NOTES

Section 5.01 Right to Convert . Subject to and upon compliance with the procedures for conversion set forth in this Article V, a Holder shall have the right, at such Holder’s option, to convert the principal amount of its Notes, or any portion of such principal amount which is $1,000 or a multiple thereof, into Common Stock at the applicable Conversion Rate, at any time prior to the Close of Business on the second Scheduled Trading Day prior to the Stated Maturity, unless the Notes have been previously repurchased or redeemed by the Company, only upon satisfaction of the conditions precedent to conversion described in Section 5.02 and subject to the Ownership Limitation set forth in Section 5.03(b). The number of shares of Common Stock issuable and cash payable, if any, upon conversion of a Note shall be determined as set forth in Section 5.03.

Section 5.02 Conversion Procedures . The following procedures shall apply to the conversion of Notes:

(a) In respect of Notes held in certificated form, a Holder must (i) complete and manually sign the conversion notice attached to the Note (the “ Conversion Notice ”), or facsimile of such Conversion Notice; (ii) deliver such Conversion Notice, which is irrevocable, and the Note to the Conversion Agent at the office maintained by the Conversion Agent for such purpose; (iii) to the extent any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion are to be issued in a name other than the Holder’s, furnish endorsements and transfer documents as may be required by the Conversion Agent or stock transfer agent; (iv) if required pursuant to Section 5.08 below, pay all transfer or similar taxes; and (v) if required pursuant to Section 5.03(c) below, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next Interest Payment Date.

(b) In respect of a beneficial interest in a Global Note, a Beneficial Owner must comply with DTC’s procedures for converting a beneficial interest in a Global Note and, if required pursuant to Section 5.03(c), pay funds equal to interest payable on the next Interest Payment Date, and if required, taxes or duties, if any.

The date a Holder satisfies the foregoing requirements, as applicable, is the “ Conversion Date ” hereunder.

No Conversion Notice with respect to any Notes may be tendered by a Holder thereof if such Holder has also tendered a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice and not validly withdrawn such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 4.01. A Holder’s right to convert its Notes that are subject to such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice will terminate at the Close of Business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the relevant Fundamental Change Repurchase Date.

Upon surrender of a certificated Note that is converted in part, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder, a new certificated Note in an authorized denomination equal in principal amount to the unconverted portion of the Note surrendered.

 

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Upon the conversion of a beneficial interest in Global Notes, the Conversion Agent shall make a notation in its records as to the reduction in the principal amount represented thereby.

Each conversion shall be deemed to have been effected as to any such Notes (or portion thereof) surrendered for conversion at the Close of Business on the applicable Conversion Date, and the Person in whose name any shares of Common Stock shall be issuable upon conversion will become a stockholder of record as of the Close of Business on the Conversion Date.

Section 5.03 Settlement Upon Conversion .

(a) Settlement. Subject to this Section 5.03, (i) upon any conversion of any Note, the Company shall deliver a number of shares of Common Stock equal to (A) (x) the aggregate principal amount of Notes to be converted, divided by (y) $1,000, multiplied by (B) the applicable Conversion Rate in effect on the related Conversion Date; and (ii) subject to Section 5.04, such delivery will be made either (A) on or prior to the second Trading Day immediately following such Conversion Date; or (B) if such Conversion Date occurs on or after the Regular Record Date corresponding to the final Interest Payment Date ( i.e. , July 1, 2024), on the Stated Maturity (or, if the Stated Maturity is not a Business Day, the next following Business Day).

(b) Limitation on Shares of Common Stock Deliverable Upon Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture, no Holder will be entitled to receive shares of the Common Stock upon conversion of Notes to the extent (but only to the extent) that such delivery would result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation. Any purported delivery of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of Notes shall be void and have no effect to the extent (but only to the extent) that such delivery would result in the converting Holder violating the Ownership Limitation. If any delivery of shares of Common Stock owed to a Holder upon conversion is not made, in whole or in part, because such delivery would result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation, the obligation of the Company to make such delivery shall not be extinguished, and the Company will make such delivery as promptly as practicable after any such Holder gives notice to the Company that such delivery would not result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation.

(c) Payment of Interest Upon Conversion .

(i) Upon conversion, Holders shall not receive any separate cash payment or shares of Common Stock for accrued and unpaid interest, except as provided in Section 5.03(c)(ii). Upon conversion, the Company’s delivery of shares of Common Stock and cash, if any, will be deemed to satisfy and discharge in full the Company’s obligation to pay the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, such Note to, but excluding, the Conversion Date rather than cause such obligation to be cancelled, extinguished or forfeited.

(ii) Notwithstanding Section 5.03(c)(i), if the Conversion Date for any Note to be converted occurs after the Regular Record Date, Holders of record of such Note at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date will receive, on or before the corresponding Interest Payment Date, interest payable on such Note on such Interest

 

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Payment Date notwithstanding the conversion. Notes surrendered for conversion with a Conversion Date occurring after any Regular Record Date and on or before the immediately following Interest Payment Date must be accompanied by funds equal to the amount of interest payable on such Interest Payment Date for the Notes so converted; provided , however , that no such payment need be made:

(A) if the Company has specified a Redemption Date that is after such Regular Record Date for the payment of interest and on or prior to the Business Day immediately following such Interest Payment Date;

(B) if the Company has specified a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date that is after such Regular Record Date and on or prior to the Business Day immediately following such Interest Payment Date;

(C) to the extent of any overdue interest, if any overdue interest exists at the time of conversion with respect to such Notes; or

(D) in respect of any conversions with a Conversion Date that occurs after the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Stated Maturity.

Therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, all Holders on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Stated Maturity will receive the full interest payment due on the Stated Maturity regardless of whether their Notes have been converted following such Regular Record Date.

(d) Cash Payments in Lieu of Fractional Shares . The Company shall not issue fractional shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Notes. If multiple Notes shall be surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full shares of Common Stock which shall be issuable upon conversion (and the number of fractional shares of Common Stock, if any, for which cash shall be delivered) shall, subject to the Applicable Procedures, be computed on the basis of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes (or specified portions thereof to the extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. If any fractional share of Common Stock would be issuable upon the conversion of any Notes, the Company shall pay an amount in cash for the current market value of the fractional shares. The current market value of a fractional share of Common Stock shall be determined (calculated to the nearest 1/10,000th of a share) by the Last Reported Sale Price of Common Stock on the Conversion Date (or, if the Conversion Date is not a Trading Day, the next following Trading Day).

(e) Conversion of Multiple Notes by a Single Holder. If a Holder surrenders more than one Note for conversion on a single Conversion Date, the Company will, subject to the Applicable Procedures, calculate the amount of cash and the number of shares of Common Stock due with respect to such Notes as if such Holder had surrendered for conversion one Note having an aggregate principal amount equal to the sum of the principal amounts of each of the Notes surrendered for conversion by such Holder on such Conversion Date.

(f) Notices. Whenever a Conversion Date occurs with respect to a Note, the Conversion Agent will, as promptly as possible, and in no event later than the Business Day immediately following such Conversion Date, deliver to the Company and the Trustee, if it is not then the Conversion Agent, notice that a Conversion Date has occurred, which notice will state such Conversion Date, the principal amount of Notes converted on such Conversion Date and the names of the Holders that converted Notes on such Conversion Date.

 

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Section 5.04 Adjustment of Conversion Rate . The Conversion Rate shall be adjusted as described below, except that the Company will not make any adjustment to the Conversion Rate if Holders participate (other than in the case of a share split or share combination), solely as a result of holding the Notes, and at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of Common Stock participate, in any of the transactions described below without having to convert their Notes, as if such Holders had held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the applicable Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the adjustment thereof in respect of such transaction, multiplied by the principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holders.

(a) If the Company exclusively issues shares of Common Stock as a dividend or distribution on all or substantially all shares of the Common Stock, or the Company effects a share split or share combination (in each case, excluding a distribution solely pursuant to a Common Stock Change Event, as to which Section 5.05 will apply), the Conversion Rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:

 

LOGO

where,

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date for such dividend or distribution, or immediately prior to the Open of Business on the effective date of such share split or combination, as the case may be;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on such Record Date or immediately after the Open of Business on such effective date, as the case may be;
OS 0    =    the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Close of Business on such Record Date or immediately prior to the Open of Business on such effective date, as the case may be; and
OS 1    =    the number of the shares of Common Stock that will be outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend or distribution or such share split or combination, as the case may be.

Any adjustment made to the Conversion Rate under this Section 5.04(a) shall become effective immediately after the Close of Business on the Record Date for such dividend or distribution or immediately after the Open of Business on the effective date of such share split or combination, as the case may be. If any dividend or distribution of the type described in this Section 5.04(a) is declared but is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately

 

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readjusted, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared. For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than (i) as a result of a share combination or (ii) with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate).

(b) If the Company distributes to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock any rights, options or warrants entitling them for a period of not more than 45 days after the Record Date for such distribution to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock, at a price per share less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such distribution (other than rights issued or otherwise distributed pursuant to a preferred stock rights plan, as to which Section 5.04(c) and Section 5.04(g) will apply), the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

LOGO

where

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date for such distribution;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on such Record Date;
OS 0    =    the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Close of Business on such Record Date;
X    =    the total number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants; and
Y    =    the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants divided by the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such distribution.

Any increase in the Conversion Rate made pursuant to this Section 5.04(b) shall be made successively whenever any such rights, options or warrants are distributed and shall become effective immediately after the Close of Business on the Record Date for such issuance. To the extent that shares of Common Stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the increase with respect to the issuance of such rights, options or warrants been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of Common Stock

 

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actually delivered. If such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if the Record Date for such issuance had not occurred. For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate).

For purposes of this clause (b), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle the holders of shares of Common Stock to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at less than such average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of Common Stock for the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such distribution, and in determining the aggregate offering price of such shares of Common Stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received by the Company for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable upon exercise or conversion thereof, the value of such consideration, if other than cash, to be determined by the Board of Directors.

(c) If the Company distributes shares of Capital Stock, evidences of its indebtedness or other assets or property of the Company or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock of the Company or other securities to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock, excluding:

(i) dividends, distributions, rights, options or warrants as to which an adjustment was effected (or would be effected without regard to the Deferral Exception) pursuant to Section 5.04(a) or (b) above;

(ii) rights issued or otherwise distributed pursuant to a preferred stock rights plan, except to the extent provided in Section 5.04(g);

(iii) dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash and as to which an adjustment was effected (or would be effected without regard to the Dividend Threshold Amount, and without regard to the Deferral Exception) pursuant to Section 5.04(d) below;

(iv) a distribution solely pursuant to a Common Stock Change Event, as to which Section 5.05 will apply; and

(v) Spin-Offs as to which the provisions set forth below in this Section 5.04(c) shall apply;

 

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then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

LOGO

where,

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date for such distribution;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on such Record Date;
SP 0    =    the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of Common Stock for the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution; and
FMV    =    the Fair Market Value, as determined by the Board of Directors, of the shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets or property of the Company or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock of the Company or other securities to be distributed with respect to each outstanding share of Common Stock on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution.

Any increase in the Conversion Rate made under the portion of this clause (3) above will become effective immediately after the Close of Business on the Record Date for such distribution. If such distribution is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased to be the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared. For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “FMV” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP 0 ” (as defined above), then, in lieu of the foregoing increase, each Holder shall receive upon conversion, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder, the amount and kind of the Company’s Capital Stock, evidences of the Company’s indebtedness or other assets or property of the Company or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock of the Company or other securities that such Holder would have received if such Holder owned a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date for the distribution.

With respect to an adjustment made in the Conversion Rate pursuant to this Section 5.04(c) where there has been a payment of a dividend or other distribution on the Common Stock in shares of Capital Stock of any class or series, or similar equity interest, of or relating to a Subsidiary or other business unit of the Company, where such Capital Stock or similar equity interest is listed or quoted on a U.S. national securities exchange (or will be so listed or quoted when issued) (the foregoing being referred to as a “ Spin-Off ”), the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

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LOGO

where,

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date of such Spin-Off;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on such Record Date;
FMV 0    =    the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Capital Stock or similar equity interest distributed to holders of Common Stock applicable to one share of Common Stock (determined by reference to the definition of Last Reported Sale Price set forth above as if references therein to Common Stock were to such Capital Stock or similar equity interest) over the first ten consecutive Trading Day period beginning on, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date of the Spin-Off (the “ Valuation Period ”); and
MP 0    =    the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the Valuation Period.

Any increase in the Conversion Rate made under the preceding paragraph shall be determined as of the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Valuation Period but will be given effect immediately after the Close of Business on the Record Date for the Spin-Off; provided , however , that in respect of any conversion with a Conversion Date that occurs during the Valuation Period, the Company will, if necessary, delay the settlement of such conversion until the second Trading Day immediately after the last Trading Day of the Valuation Period. If any dividend or distribution that constitutes a Spin-Off is declared but not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared or announced. For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate).

(d) If the Company pays any cash dividends or distributions to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock (other than a regularly scheduled cash dividend that does not exceed the Dividend Threshold Amount per share of the Company’s Common Stock), the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

LOGO

where,

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date for such dividend or distribution;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on such Record Date;

 

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SP 0    =    the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of Common Stock over the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution;
T    =    the dividend threshold amount, which shall initially be $0.30 per share per fiscal quarter, adjusted as described below to take into account events that cause adjustments to the Conversion Rate and as further adjusted to account for any change in the frequency of payment by the Company of its regular cash dividend; provided that the dividend threshold amount shall be deemed to be zero if such dividend or distribution is not a regularly scheduled dividend by the Company (the “ Dividend Threshold Amount ”); and
C    =    the amount in cash per share the Company distributes to holders of Common Stock.

Any increase in the Conversion Rate made under this clause (d) shall become effective immediately after the Close of Business on the Record Date for such dividend or distribution. If such dividend or distribution is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to make or pay such dividend or distribution, to be the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared. For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate).

Whenever the Conversion Rate is adjusted pursuant to the provisions described in clauses (a), (b), (c) or (e) of this Section 5.04, the Dividend Threshold Amount shall be adjusted by multiplying it by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Conversion Rate prior to adjustment and the denominator of which is the Conversion Rate following such adjustment.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “C” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP 0 ” (as defined above), then, in lieu of the foregoing increase, each Holder shall receive upon conversion, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder, the amount of cash that such Holder would have received if such Holder owned a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the Record Date for such dividend or distribution.

(e) If the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company makes a payment in respect of a tender offer or exchange offer for Common Stock, to the extent that the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per share of Common Stock exceeds the Last Reported Sale Price of the Company’s Common Stock on the Trading Day next succeeding the last date (the “ Expiration Date ”) on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

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LOGO

where,

 

CR 0    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the Close of Business on the Expiration Date;
CR 1    =    the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on the Expiration Date;
AC    =    the aggregate value of all cash and any other consideration (as determined by the Board of Directors) paid or payable for shares purchased in such tender or exchange offer;
OS 0    =    the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the time such tender or exchange offer expires (before giving effect to such tender offer or exchange offer);
OS 1    =    the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the time such tender or exchange offer expires (after giving effect to such tender or exchange offer); and
SP 1    =    the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of Common Stock over the ten consecutive Trading Day period (the “ Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period ”) commencing on, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the Expiration Date.

Any increase in the Conversion Rate made pursuant to this Section 5.04(e) shall be determined as of the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period but will be given effect immediately after the Close of Business on the Expiration Date; provided , however , that in respect of any conversion where the Conversion Date occurs during the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period, the Company will, if necessary, delay the settlement of such conversion until the second Trading Day immediately after the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period.

To the extent such tender or exchange offer is announced but not consummated (including as a result of being precluded from consummating such tender or exchange offer under applicable law), or any purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock in such tender or exchange offer are rescinded, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock, if any, actually made, and not rescinded, in such tender or exchange offer.

For the avoidance of doubt, if the application of the foregoing formula would result in a decrease in the Conversion Rate, no adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made (other than with respect to the Company’s right to readjust the Conversion Rate).

 

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(f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, if:

(i) a Conversion Rate adjustment for any dividend or distribution becomes effective on any Record Date pursuant to pursuant to clause (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) of Section 5.04;

(ii) a Note is to be converted;

(iii) the Conversion Date for such conversion occurs on such Record Date;

(iv) the consideration due upon such conversion includes any whole shares of Common Stock based on a Conversion Rate that is adjusted for such dividend or distribution; and

(v) such shares would be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution,

then (x) such Conversion Rate adjustment will not be given effect for such conversion; and (y) the shares of Common Stock, if any, issuable upon such conversion based on such unadjusted Conversion Rate will be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution.

(g) To the extent that the Company has a stockholder rights plan in effect upon conversion of the Notes into Common Stock, Holders will receive, in addition to any Common Stock, the rights under the stockholder rights plan, unless prior to any conversion, the rights have separated from the Common Stock, in which case, and only in such case, the Conversion Rate will be adjusted at the time of separation as if the Company distributed to all holders its Common stock, shares of its Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness or assets as described in clause Section 5.04(c) above, subject to re-adjustment in the event of the expiration, termination or redemption of such rights. For the avoidance of doubt, the issuance or adoption of any such rights will not result in an adjustment to the Conversion Rate unless and until such rights have separated from the Common Stock, in which case an adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made pursuant to Section 5.04(c) as provided in the immediately preceding sentence.

(h) Except as provided herein, the Company will not adjust the Conversion Rate for the issuance of shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock or the right to purchase shares of Common Stock or such convertible or exchangeable securities. Except as provided in Sections 5.04(a) through (e), (g), (i) and (j), and Section 5.07, the Company shall not adjust the Conversion Rate. Without limiting the foregoing, the Conversion Rate will not be adjusted:

(i) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on securities of the Company and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of Common Stock under any plan;

 

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(ii) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock or options or rights to purchase those shares pursuant to any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit plan or program of or assumed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;

(iii) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock pursuant to any option, warrant, right or exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security not described in the preceding clause (ii) and outstanding as of the date the Notes were first issued;

(iv) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock for cash or as consideration in a merger, purchase or similar transaction;

(v) for a change in the par value of Common Stock;

(vi) upon any repurchase of shares of Common Stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions by the Company (including by way of accelerated share repurchase or other derivatives), in each case other than in transactions described under clause Section 5.04(e) above; or

(vii) for accrued and unpaid interest.

(i) In addition to those adjustments required by Sections 5.04(a) through (e) above, and to the extent permitted by law and subject to the listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange, the Company may from time to time increase the Conversion Rate by any amount for a period of at least 20 days, if the Board of Directors determines (which determination shall be conclusive) that such increase would be in the Company’s best interest. Whenever the Conversion Rate is increased pursuant to the preceding sentence, the Company shall deliver to Holders a notice of the increased Conversion Rate and the period during which it will be in effect at least 15 days prior to the date the increased Conversion Rate takes effect, in accordance with applicable law. In addition, subject to the listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange, the Company may also, but is not required to, increase the Conversion Rate to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of Common Stock or rights to purchase shares of Common Stock in connection with any dividend or distribution of shares of Common Stock or rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or similar event.

(j) Adjustments to the applicable Conversion Rate shall be calculated to the nearest one ten-thousandth (1/10,000th) of a share. If any adjustment of the Conversion Rate is less than 1% of the applicable Conversion Rate, such adjustment will be carried forward and the adjustment with respect thereto will be made at the time of and together with any subsequent adjustment which, together with the original adjustment, aggregate to at least 1% of the applicable Conversion Rate, provided, however , that any carried forward adjustment will be made upon conversion of any Note, but solely with respect to the converted Note, regardless of the 1% threshold.

 

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Section 5.05 Recapitalizations , Reclassifications and Changes of Shares of Common Stock . In the event of:

(a) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Common Stock (other than changes resulting from a share split or combination);

(b) a consolidation, merger or combination involving the Company;

(c) a sale or conveyance to another person of all or substantially all of the Company’s property and assets; or

(d) any statutory share exchange,

in each case as a result of which the Common Stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, cash, securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) (such an event, a “ Common Stock Change Event ,” and such cash, securities or other property, the “ Reference Property ,” and the amount and kind of Reference Property that a holder of one share of Common Stock would be entitled to receive on account of such Common Stock Change Event (without giving effect to any arrangement not to issue or deliver a fractional portion of any security or other property), a “ Reference Property Unit ”), then, at and after the effective time of such Common Stock Change Event: (i) the consideration due upon conversion of any Note, and the conditions to any such conversion, will be determined in the same manner as if each reference to any number of shares of Common Stock in Article V (or in any related definitions) were instead a reference to the same number of Reference Property Units; (ii) for purposes of the definition of “Ex-Dividend Date” and “Record Date,” the term “Common Stock” will be deemed to refer to any class of securities forming part of such Reference Property; (iii) for purposes of the definition of “Fundamental Change” and “Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” the terms “Common Stock” and “Common Equity” will be deemed to mean the Common Equity (including depositary receipts representing common equity), if any, forming part of such Reference Property; and (iv) for these purposes, the Last Reported Sale Price of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that does not consist of a class of securities will be the fair value of such Reference Property Unit or portion thereof, as applicable, determined in good faith by the Company (or, in the case of cash denominated in U.S. Dollars, the face amount thereof).

For purposes of the foregoing, if the Reference Property of a Common Stock Change Event consists of more than a single type of consideration (determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election), then the composition of the Reference Property Unit will be determined based on (i) the weighted average of the types and amounts of Reference Property received by the holders of the Common Stock that affirmatively make such an election or (ii) if no holders of Common Stock affirmatively make such an election, the types and amount of consideration actually received by such holders. If such Common Stock Change Event also constitutes a Fundamental Change, a Holder may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of its Notes to the extent provided in Section 4.01. The Company shall notify Holders and the Trustee of the composition of the Reference Property Unit as soon as practicable after such determination is made.

The Company shall not become a party to any Common Stock Change Event unless its terms are consistent with this Section 5.05. The above provisions of this Section shall similarly apply to successive Common Stock Change Events.

 

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On or before the effective date of each Common Stock Change Event, the Company shall execute with the Trustee a supplemental indenture permitted under Article X giving effect to the provisions of Section 5.05 with respect to such Common Stock Change Event.

Section 5.06 Adjustments of Prices . Whenever any provision of this Indenture requires the Company to calculate Last Reported Sale Prices over a span of multiple days (including with respect to the “Stock Price” for purposes of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change), the Company will make appropriate adjustments to account for any adjustment to the Conversion Rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the Conversion Rate where the Ex-Dividend Date, Record Date, effective date or Expiration Date, as applicable, of the event occurs, at any time during the period during which such prices are to be calculated.

Section 5.07 Adjustment to Shares Delivered Upon Conversion Upon Make-Whole Fundamental Changes .

(a) If the Effective Date of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs prior to the Stated Maturity and a Holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with such Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Company shall increase the Conversion Rate for the Notes so surrendered for conversion by a number of additional shares of Common Stock (the “ Additional Shares ”) as described below. A conversion of Notes shall be deemed for these purposes to be “in connection with” such Make-Whole Fundamental Change if the Conversion Date for such conversion occurs during the period from, and including, the Effective Date up to, and including, the second scheduled Trading Day immediately prior to the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (or, in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change that would have been a Fundamental Change but for the proviso in clause (2) of the definition thereof, the 30th Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change).

(b) The number of Additional Shares by which the Conversion Rate will be increased in the event of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change shall be determined by reference to the table attached as Schedule A hereto, based on the Effective Date and the price (the “ Stock Price ”) paid per share of Common Stock in the Make-Whole Fundamental Change. If the holders of Common Stock receive only cash in the Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Stock Price shall be the cash amount paid per share. Otherwise, the Stock Price shall be the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the ten consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the relevant Effective Date of the Make-Whole Fundamental Change.

(c) The Stock Prices set forth in the first row ( i.e. , the column headers) of the table in Schedule A hereto shall be adjusted as of any date on which the Conversion Rate is otherwise adjusted. The adjusted Stock Prices shall equal the Stock Prices applicable immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Conversion Rate immediately prior to such adjustment giving rise to the Stock Price adjustment and the denominator of which is the Conversion Rate as so adjusted. The number of Additional Shares set forth in such table shall be adjusted in the same manner as the Conversion Rate as set forth in Sections 5.04(a) through (e).

 

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(d) The exact Stock Prices and Effective Dates may not be set forth in the table in Schedule A , in which case:

(i) if the Stock Price is between two stock price amounts in the table or the Effective Date is between two Effective Dates in the table, the number of Additional Shares will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower stock prices and the two dates, as applicable, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable;

(ii) if the Stock Price is greater than $22.00 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table in Schedule A ), no Additional Shares will be added to the Conversion Rate; and

(iii) if the Stock Price is less than $16.60 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table in Schedule A ), no Additional Shares will be added to the Conversion Rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Conversion Rate exceed 60.2409 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to adjustments in the same manner as the Conversion Rate as set forth in Section 5.04.

(e) If a Holder of Notes elects to convert its Notes prior to the Effective Date of any Fundamental Change, such Holder shall not be entitled to an increased Conversion Rate in connection with such conversion.

(f) Any conversion that entitles the converting Holder to an increase in the Conversion Rate as described in this Section 5.07 shall be settled as described under Section 5.03.

Section 5.08 Taxes on Shares Issued . Any issue of shares of Common Stock upon conversions of Notes shall be made without charge to the converting Holder for any documentary, transfer, stamp or any similar tax in respect of the issue thereof, and the Company shall pay any and all documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of Notes pursuant hereto. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any such tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of Common Stock in any name other than that of the Holder of any Notes converted, and the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any such shares of Common Stock unless and until the Person or Persons requesting the issue thereof shall have paid to the Company the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Company that such tax has been paid.

Section 5.09 Reservation of Shares; Shares to be Fully Paid; Compliance with Governmental Requirements . The Company shall provide, free from preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock held in treasury, sufficient Common Stock to provide for the conversion of the Notes from time to time as such Notes are presented for conversion.

 

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The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon conversion of Notes shall be newly issued shares or treasury shares, shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and shall be free from preemptive rights and free from any lien or adverse claim.

Section 5.10 Responsibility of Trustee . Neither the Conversion Agent nor the Trustee has any duty to determine when an adjustment under this Article V should be made, how it should be made or what it should be. The Trustee and any other Conversion Agent shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine the Conversion Rate or whether any facts exist which may require any adjustment of the Conversion Rate, or with respect to the nature or extent or calculation of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, or herein or in any supplemental indenture provided to be employed, in making the same. The Trustee and any other Conversion Agent shall not be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any Common Stock, or of any securities or property, which may at any time be issued or delivered upon the conversion of any Notes; and the Trustee and any other Conversion Agent make no representations with respect thereto. Neither the Trustee nor any Conversion Agent shall be responsible for any failure of the Company to comply with any of the duties, responsibilities or covenants of the Company contained in this Article V. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Trustee nor any Conversion Agent shall be under any responsibility to determine whether a supplemental indenture needs to be entered into or the correctness of any provisions contained in any supplemental indenture entered into and may accept as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in relying upon, the Officer’s Certificate (which the Company shall be obligated to file with the Trustee prior to the execution of any such supplemental indenture) with respect thereto. For the avoidance of doubt, neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent shall be responsible for making any calculations under this Article V nor for monitoring the price of the Common Stock.

Section 5.11 Company Determination Final . Any determination that the Company or its Board of Directors must make pursuant to this Article V shall be conclusive if made in good faith, absent manifest error.

ARTICLE VI.

REDEMPTION; NO SINKING FUND

Subject to Section 1.02, the provisions of Article III of the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the provisions of this Third Supplemental Indenture, shall apply to the Notes.

Section 6.01 Right of the Company to Redeem the Notes . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Article III of the Base Indenture, the Company may not redeem the Notes at its option prior to the Stated Maturity, except to the extent, and only to the extent, necessary to preserve the Company’s status as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Company determines that redeeming the Notes is necessary to preserve such status, then the Company may redeem, on a Business Day (the “ Redemption Date ”) of the Company’s choosing that is no more than 60, nor less than 30, calendar days after the date the related redemption notice is sent pursuant to Section 6.02, all or part (in a principal amount that is an integral multiple of $1,000) of the Notes at a cash price (the “ Redemption Price ”) equal to

 

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the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date; provided , however , that if the Redemption Date for a Note is after a Regular Record Date for the payment of interest and on or prior to the corresponding Interest Payment Date, then (x) the Company will pay, on or before such Interest Payment Date, the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest payable on such Note on such Interest Payment Date to the Holder of such note at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date; and (y) the Redemption Price will not include such accrued and unpaid interest. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 6.01, no Notes may be redeemed on any date if the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to such date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a default by the Company in the payment of the applicable Redemption Price with respect to such Notes).

Section 6.02 Notice of Redemption . The last sentence of Section 3.01, and the first sentence of Section 3.03, of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes. The Company will send to each applicable Holder notice of any redemption pursuant to Section 6.01 containing (i) the information set forth in clauses (a) through (e), inclusive, and (g) of Section 3.03 of the Base Indenture; and (ii) the following additional information: (w) that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each Note to be redeemed, and that interest thereon, if any, will cease to accrue on and after the Redemption Date (except as provided in Section 6.01 with respect to a Redemption Date that is after a Regular Record Date for the payment of interest and on or prior to the corresponding Interest Payment Date); (x) that the right of any Holder of such Note to convert such Note will expire at the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before the Redemption Date; (y) a brief summary of the procedures a Holder must follow to convert such Note; and (z) the current Conversion Rate (and any adjustments thereto that have been deferred, and not given effect, pursuant to the Deferral Exception). Each notice of redemption, once sent, will be irrevocable, subject to the right of Holders to convert any Notes called for redemption.

Section 6.03 Partial Redemptions . If only a portion of a Note is subject to redemption pursuant to Section 6.01 and such Note is converted in part, then the converted portion of such Note will be deemed to be from the portion of such Note that was subject to redemption. For purposes of the Notes, each reference to $2,000 in Section 3.02 of the Base Indenture will be deemed to be replaced with $1,000.

Section 6.04 No Sinking Fund . Article XI of the Base Indenture shall not apply to the Notes.

ARTICLE VII.

REMEDIES

Section 7.01 Events of Default .

(a) The provisions of this Article VII shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede in its entirety Article VI of the Base Indenture.

(b) “ Event of Default ,” wherever used herein, means any one of the following events:

 

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(i) default in the payment of any interest on any Note when it becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days;

(ii) default in the payment of the principal of any Note when due and payable at its Stated Maturity, upon redemption or required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

(iii) default in the Company’s obligation to deliver the consideration required to be delivered upon conversion of the Notes, and such default continues for five Business Days;

(iv) failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under Article VIII; or

(v) failure by the Company to issue a Fundamental Change Repurchase Right Notice in accordance with Section 4.01;

(vi) failure by the Company for 60 days after written notice from the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% principal amount of the Notes then outstanding has been received by the Company to comply with any of its other agreements contained in the Notes or this Indenture;

(vii) default by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any debt for money borrowed (other than non-recourse debt of a Subsidiary of the Company) in excess of $25,000,000 in the aggregate of the Company and/or such Subsidiary, whether such debt now exists or shall hereafter be created, which default results (i) in such debt becoming or being declared due and payable, and such debt has not been discharged in full or such declaration rescinded or annulled within 60 days or (ii) from a failure to pay the principal of any such debt when due and payable at its Stated Maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, and such defaulted payment shall not have been made, waived or extended within 60 days;

(viii) a final judgment for the payment of $25,000,000 or more (excluding any amounts covered by insurance) rendered against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, which judgment is not discharged, stayed, vacated, paid or otherwise satisfied within 60 days after (i) the date on which the right to appeal thereof has expired if no such appeal has commenced, or (ii) the date on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished;

(ix) the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to itself or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or any substantial part of its respective property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due; or

 

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(x) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or any substantial part of its respective property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 consecutive days.

Section 7.02 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment .

(a) If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may, and the Trustee at the request of such Holders shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest shall become due and payable immediately. However, upon an Event of Default arising out of Sections 7.01(b)(ix) and (x) (except, in either case, with respect to any Significant Subsidiary), the aggregate principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest shall be due and payable immediately without notice from the Trustee or Holders.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the election of the Company, the sole remedy with respect to an Event of Default for the failure by the Company to comply with its obligations as set forth in Section 3.03 (any such Event of Default, a “ Reporting Event of Default ”) shall, for the first 365 days after the occurrence of such Reporting Event of Default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest (the “ Additional Interest ”) on the Notes at an annual rate equal to (i) 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for each day during the first 185-day period on which such Reporting Event of Default is continuing beginning on, and including, the date on which such Reporting Event of Default first occurs and (ii) 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for each day during the 180-day period on which such Reporting Event of Default is continuing beginning on, and including, the 181st day on which such Reporting Event of Default is continuing. If the Company so elects, the Additional Interest shall be payable as provided in Section 3.04. On the 366 th day after such Reporting Event of Default (if the Reporting Event of Default is not cured or waived prior to such 366 th day), the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all such Notes to be due and payable immediately (and, for the avoidance of doubt, Additional Interest will cease to accrue). The provisions described in this Section 7.02 shall not affect the rights of Holders in the event of the occurrence of any other Event of Default. In the event the Company does not elect to pay Additional Interest following a Reporting Event of Default in accordance with this paragraph or the Company elected to make such payment but does not pay such Additional Interest when due, the Notes shall be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above. In no event shall Additional Interest payable pursuant to the foregoing election accrue at a rate per year in excess of the applicable rate specified in this paragraph, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to requirements to pay such Additional Interest pursuant to this paragraph. With regard to any Reporting Event of Default, no Additional Interest shall accrue after such Reporting Event of Default has been cured.

 

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(b) If the Company elects to pay the Additional Interest as the sole remedy during the first 365 days after the occurrence of a Reporting Event of Default, the Company shall notify in writing the Holders, the Trustee and the Paying Agent of such election prior to the beginning of such 365-day period. Upon the Company’s failure to timely give such notice, the Notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided in the first paragraph of Section 7.02(a) above.

Section 7.03 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee .

The Company covenants that if

(a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Note when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

(b) default is made in the payment of the principal of any Note when due and payable at the Stated Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Notes, the whole amount then due and payable on such Notes for principal and interest, and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and on any overdue interest, at the rate borne by the Notes, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Section 7.04 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim . In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the TIA in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 of the Base Indenture.

 

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No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 7.05 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Notes . All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Notes may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Notes or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

Section 7.06 Application of Money Collected . Subject to Article V, any money or property money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Notes and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 of the Base Indenture;

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Notes in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Notes for principal and interest, respectively; and

THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company.

Section 7.07 Limitation on Suits . Subject to Section 7.08, no Holder shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

(a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default;

(b) the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes shall have made written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

(c) such Holders have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity and/or security satisfactory to it against the loss, liability or expense to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(d) the Trustee has not complied with such request for 60 days after its receipt of such notice and offer of security or indemnity; and

 

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(e) the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have not given the Trustee a direction that, in the opinion of the Trustee, inconsistent with such written request within such 60-day period,

it being understood and intended that no one or more Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all the Holders.

Section 7.08 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest and to Convert . Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Note shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Note when due and to convert such Note in accordance with Article V and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and right to convert, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 7.09 Restoration of Rights and Remedies . If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 7.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative . Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes in Section 2.08 of the Base Indenture, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 7.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver . No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article VII or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations contained in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be.

Section 7.12 Control by Holders . The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, provided that:

 

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(a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture and shall not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other Holder or result in personal liability to the Trustee, and

(b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction or this Indenture;

and provided , further that, if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity and/or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.

Section 7.13 Waiver of Past Defaults and Rescission . The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may on behalf of the Holders of all the Notes:

(a) waive any existing Default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences, except a Default:

(i) in the payment of the principal of or accrued and unpaid interest on any Note that remains uncured, or

(ii) in respect of the failure to deliver amounts due upon conversion of a Note in accordance with Section 5.01 hereunder, and

(b) at any time after a declaration of acceleration has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article VII provided, rescind and annul any such declaration of acceleration with respect to the Notes and its consequences, if:

(i) such rescission will not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, and

(ii) all existing Events of Default (other than nonpayment of the principal of or accrued and unpaid interest on any Note or a failure to deliver amounts due upon conversion of a Note in accordance with Section 5.01 hereunder) have been cured or waived.

Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 7.14 Undertaking for Costs . In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the TIA; provided , that neither this Section nor the TIA shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit by any Holder or group of Holders holding in the

 

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aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes or in any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any Note in accordance with Article V or for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Note on or after the maturity of such Note, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Note.

Section 7.15 Notice of Default . The provisions of this Section 7.15 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede in its entirety the second paragraph of Section 4.03 of the Base Indenture.

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence of any events that constitute a Default or Event of Default, an Officer’s Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default, the status such events and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereof. For purposes of the Notes, the term “mail” in the first sentence of Section 7.05 of the Base Indenture will be deemed to be replaced with the term “send.”

Section 7.16 Interest on Overdue Payments . Payments of any Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, Redemption Price, principal and interest that are not made when due will accrue interest per annum at the then-applicable interest rate from the required payment date.

ARTICLE VIII.

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

Section 8.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms . This Section 8.01 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede in its entirety Section 5.01 of the Base Indenture.

The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another Person, unless:

(i) the resulting, surviving or transferee Person, if other than the Company, is a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such Person, if not the Company, shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, all obligations of the Company under the Notes and this Indenture;

(ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and

(iii) the Company, or the successor Person if other than the Company, has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or transfer (and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture) comply with this Article VIII and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

Section 8.02 Successor Substituted . This Section 8.02 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede in its entirety Section 5.02 of the Base Indenture.

 

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Upon any transaction referred to in Section 8.01 in accordance therewith, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease or transfer is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided , however , that the predecessor Company will (other than in the case of a lease) be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Notes.

ARTICLE IX.

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

Section 9.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture .

(a) Subject to this Article IX, the provisions of Article VIII of the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the provisions of this Third Supplemental Indenture, shall apply to the Notes.

(b) Sections 8.01, 8.03 and 8.04 of the Base Indenture shall not apply to the Notes. For the avoidance of doubt, Section 8.02 of the Base Indenture shall apply to the cash and/or shares of Common Stock (or, if applicable, other Reference Property) deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 9.01(c) and all money or other assets received by the Trustee in respect of shares of Common Stock (or, if applicable, other Reference Property) deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 9.01(c).

(c) When (i) the Company shall deliver to the Trustee for cancellation all Notes theretofore authenticated (other than any Notes that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and in lieu of or in substitution for which other Notes shall have been authenticated and delivered) and not theretofore canceled, or (ii) all the Notes not theretofore canceled or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, and the Company shall deposit with the Trustee, in trust, or deliver to the Holders, as applicable, cash or shares of Common Stock (or, if applicable, other Reference Property), as applicable, sufficient to pay at the Stated Maturity, upon conversion of, or upon any Fundamental Change Date or Redemption Date with respect to, all of the Notes (other than any Notes that shall have been mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen and in lieu of or in substitution for which other Notes shall have been authenticated and delivered) not theretofore canceled or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal and interest due or to become due to such Stated Maturity, Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or Redemption Date, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company, then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect (except as to (A) remaining rights of registration of transfer, substitution and exchange and conversion of Notes, (B) rights hereunder of Holders to receive payments of principal of and interest on, the Notes and the other rights, duties and obligations of Holders, as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the amounts, if any, so deposited with the Trustee and (C) the rights, obligations and immunities of the Trustee hereunder), and the Trustee, on written demand of the Company accompanied by an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel and at the reasonable cost and expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture; the Company, however, hereby agrees to reimburse the Trustee for any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably

 

- 40 -


and properly incurred by the Trustee and to compensate the Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably and properly rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the Notes. Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07 of the Base Indenture, and if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to this Section 9.01(c), the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.07, 2.08, 8.02 and 8.05 of the Base Indenture shall survive.

ARTICLE X.

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

Section 10.01 Supplemental Indentures . Subject to Section 1.02, the provisions of Article IX of the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the provisions of this Third Supplemental Indenture, shall apply to the Notes.

Any Notes held by the Company or any of its Affiliates shall be disregarded (from both the numerator and the denominator) for purposes of determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes have consented to a modification, amendment or waiver of the terms of the Indenture.

Section 10.02 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders . This Section 10.02 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede Section 9.01 of the Base Indenture in its entirety.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 10.03, without the consent of any Holder, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company and/or amend the Notes, for any of the following purposes:

(a) to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency; including to eliminate any conflict with the terms of the TIA;

(b) to provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations under this Indenture by a successor pursuant to Article VIII;

(c) to provide any security for or add guarantees with respect to the Notes;

(d) to issue Additional Notes pursuant to Section 2.03;

(e) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company;

(f) to provide for conversion of the Notes into Reference Property pursuant to Section 5.05;

(g) to make any other change that does not adversely affect in any material respect the rights of any Holder of outstanding Notes (other than any Holder that consents to such change);

 

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(h) to comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with any qualification of this Indenture under the TIA;

(i) to conform the provisions of this Indenture or the Notes to the “Description of Notes” section of the Company’s preliminary prospectus supplement dated June 19, 2018 relating to the offering of the Notes, as supplemented by the Company’s free writing prospectus dated June 20, 2018 relating thereto;

(j) to evidence or provide for the acceptance of the appointment of a successor Trustee; or

(k) to comply with the Applicable Procedures of the Depositary.

Section 10.03 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders . This Section 10.03 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede Sections 9.02 and 9.03 of the Base Indenture in their entirety. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes, including without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture, of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders under this Indenture or waiving any past Default or compliance with any provisions of this Indenture; provided , however , that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Note affected thereby,

(a) reduce the amount of the Notes the Holders of which must consent to a supplement to this Indenture;

(b) reduce the rate, or extend the stated time for payment, of interest (other than Additional Interest) on any Note;

(c) reduce the principal, or extend the Stated Maturity, of any Note;

(d) make any change that adversely affects the conversion rights of any Note;

(e) reduce any Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price of any Note or amend or modify in any manner adverse to the Holders of the Notes, the Company’s right to redeem the Notes or its obligation to repurchase the Notes in connection with a Fundamental Change, whether through an amendment or waiver of provisions in the covenants, definitions or otherwise;

(f) change the place or currency of payment of principal or interest in respect of any Note;

(g) impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on such Holder’s Notes on or after the due dates therefore or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such Holder’s Notes;

 

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(h) adversely affect the ranking of the Notes as the Company’s senior unsecured indebtedness; or

(i) make any change in the amendment provisions which require each Holder’s consent or in the waiver provisions if such change adversely affects the rights of the Holders of the Notes.

It shall not be necessary for any Act or consent of Holders under this Section 10.03 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act or consent shall approve the substance thereof. The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Persons entitled to consent to any indenture supplemental hereto. If a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to consent to such supplemental indenture, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that, unless such consent shall have become effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having been obtained prior to the date which is 90 days after such record date, any such consent previously given shall automatically and without further action by any Holder be cancelled and of no further effect.

Section 10.04 Notices of Supplemental Indentures . After a supplement under this Article X becomes effective, the Company will send to the Holders a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. The Company will send supplemental indentures to Holders upon request. Any failure of the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, will not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.

ARTICLE XI.

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 11.01 Governing Law . This Section 11.01 shall, with respect to the Notes, supersede Section 10.10 of the Base Indenture in its entirety. This Indenture and the Notes shall be governed by, and construed under, the laws of the State of New York.

Section 11.02 Calculations in Respect of Notes . Except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, the Company shall be responsible for making all calculations called for hereunder and under the Notes or in connection with a conversion. These calculations include, but are not limited to, determinations of the Last Reported Sale Price, accrued interest payable on the Notes and the Conversion Rate on the Notes. The Company shall make all these calculations in good faith and, absent manifest error, the Company’s calculations will be final and binding on the Holders. The Company shall provide a schedule of the Company’s calculations to each of the Trustee and the Conversion Agent, and each of the Trustee and the Conversion Agent is entitled to rely conclusively upon the accuracy of the Company’s calculations without independent verification. The Trustee will forward the Company’s calculations to any Holder upon the written request of such Holder.

Section 11.03 No Representations or Warranties by the Trustee . The Trustee makes no representations or warranties with respect to the validity or sufficiency of this Third Supplemental Indenture.

 

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Section 11.04 Payments on Business Days Only. This Section shall, with respect to the Notes, replace the last sentence of Section 10.07 of the Base Indenture in its entirety.

If any Interest Payment Date (other than an Interest Payment Date coinciding with the Stated Maturity) falls on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Payment Date will be postponed to the next succeeding Business Day and no interest will accrue for such intervening period. If the Stated Maturity falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the required payment of interest and principal will be made on the next succeeding Business Day and no interest on such payment will accrue for such intervening period.

[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows ]

 

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I N W ITNESS W HEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Third Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

R EDWOOD T RUST , I NC .
By:  

/s/ Andrew P. Stone

  Name: Andrew P. Stone
 

Title: Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary

[ Signature Page to the Third Supplemental Indenture ]


I N W ITNESS W HEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Third Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

W ILMINGTON T RUST , N ATIONAL A SSOCIATION ,
    as Trustee
By:  

/s/ Michael H. Wass

  Name: Michael H. Wass
  Title: Vice President

[ Signature Page to the Third Supplemental Indenture ]


Schedule A

Make-Whole Table

The following table sets forth the hypothetical Stock Prices and the number of Additional Shares by which the Conversion Rate will be increased per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes in the event of a Make Whole Fundamental Change:

 

     Stock Price  

Effective Date

   $16.60      $17.00      $17.50      $18.00      $19.00      $20.00      $21.00      $22.00  

June 25, 2018

     5.4764        4.7173        3.8772        3.1490        1.9863        1.1528        0.5841        0.2265  

July 15, 2019

     5.4764        4.6973        3.8266        3.0728        1.8724        1.0158        0.4347        0.0730  

July 15, 2020

     5.4764        4.8510        3.9396        3.1516        1.9002        1.0123        0.4151        0.0478  

July 15, 2021

     5.4764        4.9583        3.9991        3.1722        1.8672        0.9526        0.3490        0.0000  

July 15, 2022

     5.4764        4.9540        3.9365        3.0652        1.7089        0.7829        0.1945        0.0000  

July 15, 2023

     5.4764        4.7309        3.6269        2.7006        1.3188        0.4476        0.0000        0.0000  

July 15, 2024

     5.4764        4.0590        2.3784        0.7911        0.0000        0.0000        0.0000        0.0000  

 

SA-1


Exhibit A

[FORM OF FACE OF NOTE]

[THIS NOTE IS A GLOBAL NOTE WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITORY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY. THIS NOTE IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR NOTES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITORY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITORY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY TO THE DEPOSITORY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY OR BY THE DEPOSITORY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITORY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITORY.] 1

 

1   This legend is to be included only if the Note is a Global Note.

 

A-1


Redwood Trust, Inc.

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

 

No. [      ]    [Initially] 2 U.S. $[      ]

[CUSIP:    [      ]]

[ISIN:    [      ]]

Redwood Trust, Inc., a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of the State of Maryland (herein called the “ Company ,” which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof), for value received hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the principal sum of [    ] U.S. Dollars ($[    ]) [(which amount may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary, in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary and in accordance with the below referred Indenture)]2 on July 15, 2024.

The original issue date of this Note is [    ].

Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on the reverse hereof. Such further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have such meanings as are ascribed to such terms in the Indenture.

This Note shall be governed by, and construed under, the laws of the State of New York.

[ Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows ]

 

 

2   This legend is to be included only if the Note is a Global Note.

 

A-2


I N W ITNESS W HEREOF , the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed.

 

R EDWOOD T RUST , I NC .
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
Date:  

 

 

A-3


TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATION OF AUTHENTICATION

W ILMINGTON T RUST , N ATIONAL

A SSOCIATION , as Trustee, certifies that this

is one of the Notes described in the within-

mentioned Indenture.

 

By:  

 

  Name:  
  Title:   Authorized Signatory
Date:  

 

 

A-4


[FORM OF REVERSE SIDE OF NOTE]

Redwood Trust, Inc.

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ Notes ”) of the Company issued under an indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013 (as amended, modified and supplemented by the third supplemental indenture, dated as of June 25, 2018 (the “ Third Supplemental Indenture ”), the “ Indenture ”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “ Trustee ”). The terms of the Note include those stated in the Indenture, those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “ TIA ”), and those set forth in this Note. This Note is subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of all such terms. To the extent permitted by applicable law, if any provision of this Note conflicts with the express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture unless otherwise indicated.

 

  1. Interest.

This Note shall bear interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum on the principal amount. Interest on this Note shall accrue from the original date of issuance or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, as the case may be. Interest will be due and payable semi-annually, in arrears, on each January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on [January 15, 2019], to the person in whose name a Note is registered at the Close of Business on the immediately preceding January 1 and July 1, as the case may be. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. As used in this Note, references to interest on the Notes will be deemed to include Additional Interest, if any, unless otherwise stated or unless the context requires otherwise.

Interest will cease to accrue on the Notes upon payment of the Notes in full at Stated Maturity, conversion of the Notes or repurchase by the Company at the option of the Holder upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change.

 

  2. Method of Payment.

Payment of the principal of the Notes shall be made at the office or agency of the Paying Agent, Registrar and Conversion Agent designated by the Company in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts, in accordance with Section 3.01(c) of the Third Supplemental Indenture.

 

  3. Paying Agent, Registrar and Conversion Agent.

Initially, the Trustee will act as Paying Agent, Registrar and Conversion Agent. The Company may change the Paying Agent, Registrar and Conversion Agent without prior notice to the Holders of the Notes. The Company or any Affiliate of the Company may act as Paying Agent, Registrar or Conversion Agent.

 

A-5


  4. Ranking; No Limitation on Debt Incurrence.

The Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Company. The Indenture does not limit the ability of the Company to incur other debt, secured or unsecured.

 

  5. Repurchase by the Company at the Option of the Holder Upon a Fundamental Change.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Indenture, the Company shall become obligated to repurchase, at the option of any Holder, all or any portion of the Notes held by such Holder upon a Fundamental Change in principal amounts of $1,000 or integral multiples of $1,000 at the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. To exercise such right, a Holder shall deliver to the Paying Agent, and the Paying Agent must receive, a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice containing the information set forth in the Indenture, at any time prior to the Close of Business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, and shall deliver the Notes to the Paying Agent as set forth in the Indenture.

Holders have the right to withdraw (in whole or in part) any Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice by delivering to the Paying Agent a written notice of withdrawal in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture.

 

  6. Redemption.

The Notes will be subject to redemption at the Company’s option only as provided in Article VI of the Third Supplemental Indenture.

 

  7. Conversion.

Subject to the provisions of the Indenture (including without limitation the conditions of conversion of Notes set forth in Article V of the Third Supplemental Indenture), the Holder hereof has the right, at its option, to convert the principal amount hereof or any portion of such principal which is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof, into shares of Common Stock and an amount in cash, if any, at the Conversion Rate specified in the Indenture. The initial Conversion Rate is 54.7645 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (equivalent to an initial Conversion Price of approximately $18.26 per share of Common Stock), subject to adjustment in certain events described in the Indenture.

No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued upon any conversion. The Company shall make payment of an amount in cash, as provided in the Indenture, in respect of any fraction of a share of Common Stock which would otherwise be issuable upon the surrender of any Notes for conversion. Notes in respect of which a Holder is exercising its right to require repurchase on a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date may be converted only if such Holder withdraws its election to exercise such right in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture, no Holder will be entitled to receive shares of the Common Stock upon conversion of Notes to the extent (but only to the extent) that such delivery would result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation. If any

 

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delivery of shares of Common Stock owed to a Holder upon conversion is not made, in whole or in part, because such delivery would result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation, the obligation of the Company to make such delivery shall not be extinguished, and the Company will make such delivery as promptly as practicable after any such Holder gives notice to the Company that such delivery would not result in a violation of the Ownership Limitation.

 

  8. Denominations; Transfer; Exchange.

The Notes are in fully registered form, without interest coupons, in denominations of $1,000 principal amount and integral multiples of $1,000. A Holder may register the transfer of or exchange Notes in accordance with the Indenture. The Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay any taxes, assessments or other governmental charges that may be imposed in relation thereto by law or permitted by the Indenture.

 

  9. Unclaimed Money or Securities.

The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall return to the Company upon request any cash or securities held by them for the payment of any amount with respect to the Notes that remains unclaimed for two years, subject to applicable unclaimed property law. After return to the Company, Holders entitled to the cash or securities must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another Person.

 

  10. Amendment, Supplement and Waiver.

Subject to certain exceptions, the Notes or the Indenture may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, and an existing Default or Event of Default with respect to the Notes and its consequence or compliance with any provision of the Notes or the Indenture may be waived, except in certain circumstances described in the Indenture, with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. Without the consent of or notice to any Holder, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Notes in the circumstances set forth in the Indenture.

 

  11. Defaults and Remedies.

If any Event of Default other than as a result of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company occurs and is continuing, the principal of all the Notes then outstanding, plus accrued and unpaid interest, may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. If an Event of Default occurs as a result of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company, the principal amount of the Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest shall become due and payable immediately without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, all to the extent provided in the Indenture.

 

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  12. Authentication.

This Note shall not be valid until the Trustee or an authenticating agent manually signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Note.

 

  13. Abbreviations.

Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of the Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian) and UGMA (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

 

  14. Indenture to Control; Governing Law.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, if any provision of this Note conflicts with the express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling.

This Note shall be governed by, and construed under, the laws of the State of New York.

 

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SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF NOTES 3

The following exchanges, purchases, repurchases or conversions of a part of this Global Note have been made:

 

Date of Decrease or

Increase

 

Signature of

Authorized Signatory

of Trustee or

Custodian

 

Decrease in Principal

Amount of this

Global Note

  

Increase in Principal
Amount of this

Global Note

  

Principal Amount of

this Global Note

Following Such

Decrease or Increase

         

 

 

3   This schedule is to be included only if the Note is a Global Note.

 

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ASSIGNMENT FORM

If you want to assign this Note, fill in the form below and have your signature guaranteed:

I or we assign and transfer this Note to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Print or type name, address and zip code and social security or tax ID number of assignee)

and irrevocably appoint                                                                   agent to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

 

  Date: _________________    Signed: ________________
  (Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
  Signature Guarantee:                                                                                                       

Note: Signatures must be guaranteed by an “eligible guarantor institution” meeting the requirements of the Registrar, which requirements include membership or participation in the Security Transfer Agent Medallion Program (“ STAMP ”) or such other “signature guarantee program” as may be determined by the Registrar in addition to, or in substitution for, STAMP, all in accordance with the Exchange Act, as amended.

 

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CONVERSION NOTICE

If you want to exercise the option to convert this Note in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this Note, check the box:  ☐

To convert only part of this Note, state the principal amount to be converted (which must be $1,000 or a multiple of $1,000, provided that the portion not so converted is in a minimum principal amount of $1,000):

$_________________________________

If you want the share certificate, if any, made out in another person’s name, fill in the form below:

 

                                                                                                                                                                                    

(Insert other person’s social security or tax ID no.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Print or type other person’s name, address and zip code)

 

  Date: __________________    Signed: ____________________
  (Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
  Signature Guarantee:                                                                                                       

Note: Signatures must be guaranteed by an “eligible guarantor institution” meeting the requirements of the Registrar, which requirements include membership or participation in the Security Transfer Agent Medallion Program (“ STAMP ”) or such other “signature guarantee program” as may be determined by the Registrar in addition to, or in substitution for, STAMP, all in accordance with the Exchange Act, as amended.

 

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FORM OF FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE REPURCHASE NOTICE

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, DE 19890-0001

Attention: Redwood Trust, Inc. Administrator

Telephone: (302) 636-6398

Fax: (302) 636-4145

 

  Re: Redwood Trust, Inc. (the “Company”)

5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

This is a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice as defined in Section 4.01(a) of the Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 25, 2018, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “ Trustee ”) (the “ Third Supplemental Indenture ,” and the Base Indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013, between the Company and the Trustee, as amended, modified and supplemented by the Third Supplemental Indenture, the “ Indenture ”). Terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Indenture.

Certificate No(s). of Notes: ________________________

I intend to deliver the following aggregate principal amount of Notes for repurchase by the Company pursuant to Article IV of the Third Supplemental Indenture (integral multiples of $1,000 with a minimum of $1,000):

$_____________________

I hereby agree that the Notes will be repurchased on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in the Notes and in the Indenture.

 

Signed:                                                              

 

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Exhibit 5.1

 

  650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor
  Costa Mesa, California 92626-1925
  Tel: +1.714.540.1235 Fax: +1.714.755.8290
  www.lw.com
LOGO   FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES
  Beijing    Moscow
  Boston    Munich
  Brussels    New York
  Century City    Orange County
  Chicago    Paris
  Dubai    Riyadh
  Düsseldorf    Rome
June 25, 2018   Frankfurt    San Diego
  Hamburg    San Francisco
  Hong Kong    Seoul
  Houston    Shanghai
  London    Silicon Valley
  Los Angeles    Singapore
  Madrid    Tokyo
  Milan    Washington, D.C.

Redwood Trust, Inc.

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, California 94941

 

  Re: Registration Statement No.  333-211267 on Form S-3; 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as special counsel to Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), in connection with the issuance of $200,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ Notes ”) (or up to $230,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional Notes), under an indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013 (the “ Base  Indenture ”), and a third supplemental indenture, dated as of June 25, 2018 (the “ Third Supplemental Indenture ,” and together with the Base Indenture, the “ Indenture ”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, and pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) on May 10, 2016 (Registration No. 333-211267) (the “ Registration Statement ”), a base prospectus dated May 10, 2016 (the “ Base Prospectus ”) and a prospectus supplement dated June 20, 2018 (together with the Base Prospectus, the “ Prospectus ”), and an underwriting agreement, dated June 20, 2018, by and between the Company and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”).

This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issuance of the Notes.


June 25, 2018

Page 2

 

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As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the internal laws of the State of New York, and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state. Various issues concerning Maryland law are addressed in the opinion of Venable LLP, which has been separately provided to you. We express no opinion with respect to those matters herein.

Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the Notes have been duly authorized, executed, issued and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor in the circumstances contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement, the Notes will be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

Our opinion is subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; (iii) the invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; and (iv) we express no opinion as to (a) any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies, or judicial relief, (c) the waiver of rights or defenses contained in Section 4.04 of the Base Indenture, (d) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’ fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy, (e) any provision permitting, upon acceleration of the Notes, collection of that portion of the stated principal amount thereof which might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (f) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights, (g) waivers of broadly or vaguely stated rights, (h) provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or remedies, (i) grants of setoff rights, (j) provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations, (k) proxies, powers and trusts, (l) provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or property, and (m) the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect. We express no opinion or confirmation as to federal or state securities laws, tax laws, antitrust or trade regulation laws, insolvency or fraudulent transfer laws, antifraud laws, compliance with fiduciary duty requirements, pension or employee benefit laws, usury laws, environmental laws, margin regulations, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. rules or stock exchange rules (without limiting other laws excluded by customary practice).

 


June 25, 2018

Page 3

 

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With your consent, we have assumed (a) that the Indenture and the Notes (collectively, the “ Documents ”) have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto, (b) that the Documents constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms, and (c) that the status of the Documents as legally valid and binding obligations of the parties is not affected by any (i) breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii) failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or make required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities.

This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated June 25, 2018 and to the reference to our firm contained in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ LATHAM & WATKINS LLP

 

Exhibit 5.2

 

LOGO   

750 E. PRATT STREET SUITE 900 BALTIMORE, MD 21202

T 410.244.7400 F 410.244.7742 www.Venable.com

 

 

June 25, 2018

Redwood Trust, Inc.

One Belvedere Place

Suite 300

Mill Valley, California 94941

 

  Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-211267)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have served as Maryland counsel to Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with certain matters of Maryland law arising out of the issuance by the Company of up to $230,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Notes”), covered by the above-referenced Registration Statement, and all amendments thereto (the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). The Notes are to be issued in an underwritten public offering pursuant to a Prospectus Supplement, dated June 20, 2018 (the “Prospectus Supplement”).

In connection with our representation of the Company, and as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Documents”):

1. The Registration Statement, and the related form of prospectus included therein, in the form filed by the Company with the Commission under the 1933 Act;

2. The Prospectus Supplement, in the form filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act;

3. The charter of the Company (the “Charter”), certified by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the “SDAT”);

4. The Bylaws of the Company, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;

5. A certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;


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Redwood Trust, Inc.

June 25, 2018

Page 2

6. Resolutions (the “Resolutions”) adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company, and a duly authorized pricing committee thereof, relating to the authorization of the issuance of the Notes, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;

7. A certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and

8. Such other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.

In expressing the opinion set forth below, we have assumed the following:

1. Each individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or another person, is legally competent to do so.

2. Each individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the Company) is duly authorized to do so.

3. Each of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the Documents has duly and validly executed and delivered each of the Documents to which such party is a signatory, and such party’s obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding and are enforceable in accordance with all stated terms.

4. All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures on all Documents are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise.


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Redwood Trust, Inc.

June 25, 2018

Page 3

5. Upon the issuance of any shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company issuable upon conversion of the Notes (the “Conversion Shares”), the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will not exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Charter.

6. The Conversion Shares will not be issued or transferred in violation of any restriction or limitation contained in the Charter.

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that:

1. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing with the SDAT.

2. The issuance of the Notes has been duly authorized by the Company.

3. The issuance of the Conversion Shares has been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered by the Company upon conversion of the Notes in accordance with the Resolutions and the terms of the Notes, the Conversion Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Maryland and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to compliance with any federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland, or as to federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers. To the extent that any matter as to which our opinion is expressed herein would be governed by the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Maryland, we do not express any opinion on such matter.

The opinion expressed herein is limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.

This opinion is being furnished to you for submission to the Commission as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K relating to the offering of the Notes (the “Current Report”), which is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Current Report and the said incorporation by reference and to the use of the name of our firm therein. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the 1933 Act. Latham & Watkins, LLP, counsel to the Company, may rely on this opinion in connection with an opinion to be issued by it of even date herewith relating to the issuance of the Notes.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Venable LLP