RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with information contained in this prospectus, in evaluating the Combined Company and our common stock. The risks described below are material risks, although not the only risks, relating to the Transactions, our business and our common stock. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows after the completion of the Transactions.

Risks Relating to the Transactions

We may not realize the anticipated revenue growth opportunities and operational synergies from the Transactions.

The benefits that we expect to achieve as a result of the Transactions will depend, in part, on our ability to realize anticipated revenue growth opportunities and operational synergies. Our success in realizing these revenue growth opportunities and operational synergies, and the timing of their realization, depends on the successful integration of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and the business of Vets First Choice. Even if we are able to integrate the businesses successfully, this integration may not result in the realization of the revenue growth and operational synergies that we currently expect within the anticipated time frame or at all. For example, we may not be able to accelerate the adoption of the Vets First Choice platform by the Henry Schein Animal Health Business’ customers. Moreover, we may incur substantial expenses in connection with the integration of the two businesses. Such expenses are difficult to estimate accurately, and may exceed current estimates. Accordingly, the benefits from the Transactions may be offset by costs or delays incurred in integrating the businesses.

The integration of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice following the Transactions will present significant challenges.

There is a significant degree of difficulty and management distraction inherent in the process of integrating the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and the Vets First Choice business. These difficulties include, among others:

The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of one or more of the businesses and may require us to incur substantial costs. Members of our senior management may be required to devote considerable time and attention to this integration process, which will decrease the time and attention they will have to manage our operations, service existing Customers, attract new customers and develop new products, services or strategies. If senior management is not able to effectively manage the integration process, or if any significant business activities are interrupted as a result of the integration process, our business could suffer. We cannot assure you that we will successfully or cost-effectively integrate the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice business. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We expect that we will incur significant one-time costs associated with the Transactions that could affect our period-to-period operating results following the completion of the Transactions.

We anticipate that we will incur significant one-time costs over the next several years as a result of the Transactions. We may not be able to quantify the exact amount of these costs or the period in which they will be

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incurred. Some of the factors affecting the costs associated with the Transactions include the timing of the completion of the Transactions, the resources required in integrating the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and the Vets First Choice business and the length of time during which transition services are provided to us by Henry Schein. The amount and timing of these charges, including those related to information technology infrastructure and systems integration and planning, could adversely affect our period-to-period operating results, which could result in a reduction in the market price of shares of our common stock. Moreover, delays in completing the integration may reduce the growth opportunities and operational synergies and other benefits expected from the Transactions and such reduction may be material.

We may be unable to access equivalent financial resources that historically have been provided by Henry Schein to the Henry Schein Animal Health Business.

The Henry Schein Animal Health Business has been able to receive benefits and services from Henry Schein and has been able to benefit from Henry Schein’s financial strength and extensive business relationships. After the consummation of the Transactions, we will no longer benefit from Henry Schein’s resources, other than pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement while that agreement is in effect. While Henry Schein will provide certain services to us for a specified period of time following the consummation of the Transactions under the Transition Services Agreement, those services will be transitional in nature and it cannot be assured that we will be able to adequately replace all of the resources currently provided by Henry Schein or replace them at the same cost. If we are not able to replace the resources provided by Henry Schein, are unable to replace them at the same cost or are delayed in replacing the resources provided by Henry Schein, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The Henry Schein Animal Health Business’ and Vets First Choice’s historical and pro forma combined financial data are not necessarily representative of the results we would have achieved and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.

The Henry Schein Animal Health Business’ and Vets First Choice’s historical and pro forma financial data included in this prospectus may not reflect the results of operations and financial condition that would have been achieved had we been a combined company during the periods presented, or what our results of operations and financial condition will be in the future. Among other factors, this is because:

The pro forma financial data we have included in this prospectus are for illustrative purposes only and are based in part upon a number of estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions may prove to be inaccurate, and accordingly, our pro forma financial data should not be assumed to be indicative of what our financial condition or results of operations actually would have been as a combined company and may not be a reliable indicator of what our financial condition or results of operations actually may be in the future.

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The pendency of the Transactions could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice.

In connection with the pending Transactions, some Customers and/or suppliers of each of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice may delay or defer decisions or may end or scale back their relationships with the relevant company, which could negatively affect the revenues and cash flows of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and the business of Vets First Choice, regardless of whether the Transactions are completed. Similarly, it is possible that the Henry Schein Animal Health Business’ and Vets First Choice’s current and prospective employees could experience uncertainty about their future roles with us, which could materially adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel during the pendency and upon consummation of the Transactions.

The performance of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business or the performance of the business of Vets First Choice may fluctuate and the market value of our common stock that Henry Schein stockholders receive in the Distribution and Vets First Choice stockholders receive in the Merger may not fully reflect the performance of the individual companies at the time of the Distribution or the Merger.

The number of shares of our common stock that Henry Schein stockholders will receive in the Distribution and Vets First Choice stockholders will receive in the Merger is not subject to adjustment based on the performance of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business or the performance of the business of Vets First Choice. Accordingly, because this performance may fluctuate, the market value of our common stock that Henry Schein stockholders receive in the Distribution and Vets First Choice stockholders receive in the Merger may not fully reflect the performance of the individual companies at the time of the Distribution or the Merger.

Henry Schein and Vets First Choice’s failure to obtain required third-party consents for certain contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Certain contracts that are required by the Contribution and Distribution Agreement to be transferred or assigned to us by Henry Schein may contain provisions that require the consent of a third party to effect such transfer or assignment. Similarly, certain of Vets First Choice’s existing contracts contain provisions that require the consent of a third party to the transfer or assignment as a result of the Merger. If we, Henry Schein and Vets First Choice are unable to obtain these consents on commercially reasonable and satisfactory terms or at all, our ability to obtain the benefit of such contracts in the future may be impaired.

We may be affected by significant restrictions following the Transactions in order to avoid significant tax-related liabilities.

The Tax Matters Agreement generally will prohibit us from taking certain actions that could cause the Distribution and the Merger to fail to qualify as tax-free transactions. In particular, for a two-year period following the date of the Distribution, we may not (among other limitations):

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In addition, we may not amend our certificate of incorporation or take any other action that would render ineffective the application of the Ownership Limitation, and in certain circumstances this restriction may prevent us from taking certain actions even following the second anniversary of the Distribution. The Tax Matters Agreement also imposes additional obligations and restrictions on us related to the Ownership Limitation, including a requirement that we diligently enforce the provisions of the Ownership Limitation against any purported transfers in violation of its terms, and we may have an obligation to indemnify Henry Schein if we breach or otherwise fail to comply with these restrictions.

Due to these and other restrictions and indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be limited in our ability to pursue strategic transactions, equity or convertible debt financings or other transactions that may otherwise be in our best interests. Also, our potential indemnity obligations to Henry Schein might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control during this two-year period that our stockholders may consider favorable.

If the Distribution does not qualify as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Code, including as a result of subsequent acquisitions of stock of Henry Schein or us, then Henry Schein and/or the Henry Schein stockholders may be required to pay substantial U.S. federal income taxes, for which we have certain indemnification obligations.

The Transactions are conditioned upon Henry Schein’s and our receipt of the Spin-off Tax Opinion. The parties do not currently anticipate obtaining a private letter ruling from the IRS with respect to the Transactions, and instead intend to rely solely on the Spin-off Tax Opinion for comfort that the Spin-off and certain related transactions qualify for tax-free treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Code.

The Spin-off Tax Opinion will be based on, among other things, certain representations and assumptions as to factual matters, as well as certain undertakings, made by us, Henry Schein and Vets First Choice and the Share Sale Investors, including an assumption regarding the completion of the Distribution, Merger and certain related transactions. The failure of any factual representation or assumption to be true, correct and complete in all material respects, or any undertaking to be fully complied with, could affect the validity of the Spin-off Tax Opinion. An opinion of counsel represents counsel’s best legal judgment, is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the conclusions set forth in the Spin-off Tax Opinion. In addition, the Spin-off Tax Opinion will be based on current law, and cannot be relied upon if current law changes with retroactive effect.

If the Distribution does not qualify as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Code, then the Distribution would be taxable to the Henry Schein stockholders, Henry Schein would recognize a substantial gain on the Distribution, and we may be required to indemnify Henry Schein for the tax on such gain pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement.

Even if the Distribution otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code, the Distribution would be taxable to Henry Schein (but not to Henry Schein stockholders) pursuant to Section 355(e) of the Code if one or more persons acquire a 50% or greater interest (measured by vote or value) in the stock of us or Henry Schein, directly or indirectly (including through acquisitions of our stock after the completion of the Transactions), as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the Distribution. The process for determining whether an acquisition is part of a plan under these rules is complex, inherently factual in nature and subject to a comprehensive analysis of the facts and circumstances of the particular case. For purposes of this

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test, the Merger will be treated as part of a plan (and the Share Sale may be treated as part of the same plan), but because the Henry Schein stockholders will collectively own more than 50% of our common stock following the Transactions, the Merger and the Share Sale alone will not cause the Distribution to be taxable to Henry Schein under Section 355(e) of the Code. However, Section 355(e) of the Code might apply if other acquisitions of stock of Henry Schein before or after the Merger or of our stock after the Merger, are considered to be part of a plan or series of related transactions that include the Spin-off. In addition, for purposes of this test, while acquisitions of publicly traded stock effected on an exchange are generally not considered to be part of a plan or a series of related transactions, acquisitions by ten-percent stockholders (or a coordinating group of persons treated as ten-percent stockholders under Section 355 of the Code), even if done on an exchange, could be so treated. If Section 355(e) of the Code applied, then Henry Schein might recognize a substantial amount of taxable gain, and we may be required to indemnify Henry Schein for the tax on such gain pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement.

In the event we are required to indemnify Henry Schein for taxes incurred in connection with the Transactions, the indemnification obligation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For a detailed description of the Tax Matters Agreement, see “Ancillary Agreements—Tax Matters Agreement.”

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will include a share ownership limitation that, for a two-year period following the Distribution, may prevent certain transfers of our shares.

In order to minimize the likelihood that an acquisition of our capital stock by one or more persons (or coordinating groups of persons) after the Distribution could be part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the Distribution, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will generally prohibit, for the two-year period following the Distribution, direct or indirect beneficial ownership (taking into account applicable ownership provisions of the Code) – and any agreement, understanding, or substantial negotiations to acquire beneficial ownership – by any person or persons of more than 9.8% of our outstanding common stock (or any other class or series of outstanding stock) or, in the case of certain grandfathered holders (including the Share Sale Investors) of more than the requisite percentage of such stock held by such investor (collectively, the “Ownership Limitation”). Any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in a violation of the relevant Ownership Limitation will be null and void ab initio , and will cause the shares in excess of such Ownership Limitation (rounded up to the nearest whole share) to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, and the proposed transferee would not acquire any rights in the shares. A transfer for this purpose will include not only direct transfers, but also other direct and indirect changes in beneficial ownership. The trustee of the trust will receive all distributions on, and will exercise all voting rights in respect of, the shares-in-trust for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. In addition, the trustee would be empowered to sell the shares in trust to a qualified person selected by the trustee, under procedures set out in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, with all of the net profit being received by the trustee for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. In the event that the shares in trust shall have been sold by the purported transferee in an open market transaction, such sale would be deemed to have been made on behalf of the trustee and all of the net profit, if any, from such sale shall be paid by the purported transferee to the trustee for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. The purported transferee of the shares in trust would have no right to share in any profit that may be realized in respect of such shares.

Our Board will have the power to waive the relevant Ownership Limitation for specific transfers after following procedures set out in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. However, other than in respect of certain transfers that meet certain requirements described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our Board will not be obligated to grant a waiver. In addition, our ability to modify the relevant restrictions set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation is limited by the Tax Matters Agreement.

The Ownership Limitation is intended to help preserve the tax-free treatment of the Distribution under Section 355 of the Code, but it is possible the restriction could depress the price of shares of our common stock,

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and, in certain circumstances while the Ownership Limitation is in effect, could inhibit proxy contests to change our Board or delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or that might otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. See “Description of Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Effects of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws—Ownership Limitation.”

If the Merger does not qualify as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, then the stockholders of Vets First Choice may be required to pay substantial U.S. federal income taxes.

Our and Henry Schein’s obligations to complete the Merger are conditioned upon the receipt of customary tax opinions from each of Vets First Choice’s and Henry Schein’s counsel, respectively, to the effect that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code (the “Merger Tax Opinions”).

The Merger Tax Opinions will be based on, among other things, certain representations and assumptions as to factual matters, as well as certain undertakings, made by us, Henry Schein and Vets First Choice. The failure of any factual representation or assumption to be true, correct and complete in all material respects, or any undertaking to be fully complied with, could affect the validity of the Merger Tax Opinions. An opinion of counsel represents counsel’s best legal judgment, is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the conclusions set forth in the Merger Tax Opinions. In addition, the Merger Tax Opinions will be based on current law, and cannot be relied upon if current law changes with retroactive effect.

If the Merger does not qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, then the Merger would be taxable to the Vets First Choice stockholders (but not to Spinco or Vets First Choice), and Vets First Choice stockholders would be treated as selling their Vets First Choice shares in a taxable transaction in exchange for Spinco common stock and cash (if any) received in the Merger, and could as a result recognize substantial taxable income in the Merger. See “The Transactions—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Transactions—Treatment of the Merger.”

Due to the Merger, our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be restricted and these net operating losses could expire or otherwise be unavailable.

Due to the Merger, our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income will be further restricted and these net operating losses (“NOLs”) could expire or otherwise be unavailable. As of December 31, 2017, Vets First Choice had U.S. federal and state NOLs of $50.1 million and $29.2 million, respectively, which begin to expire in 2030 and 2020, respectively. In general, under Section 382 of the Code and corresponding provisions of state law, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change NOLs to offset future taxable income. For these purposes, an ownership change generally occurs where the aggregate stock ownership of one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who owns at least 5% of a corporation’s stock increases its ownership by more than 50 percentage points over its lowest ownership percentage within a specified testing period. Prior to the Merger, some of Vets First Choice’s existing NOLs were subject to limitations. Following the Merger, Vets First Choice’s existing NOLs may be subject to further limitations and we may not be able to fully use these NOLs to offset future taxable income. In addition, if we undergo any subsequent ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited. There is also a risk that, due to regulatory changes or for other unforeseen reasons, existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities.

Additionally, the Tax Act resulted in a reduction in the economic benefit of the NOLs and other deferred tax assets available to us. Under the Tax Act, U.S. federal NOLs generated after December 31, 2017 will not be subject to expiration.

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Risks Relating to Our Business

We may not successfully implement our business strategies.

We are pursuing, and will continue to pursue, strategic initiatives that management considers critical to our long-term success, including: leveraging the scale, reach and infrastructure of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business network to accelerate the adoption of the Vets First Choice platform; increasing sales to our Customers; driving category growth; developing advanced insight and analytics and software; and enhancing Customer and Client relationships. There are significant risks involved with the execution of these initiatives, including significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Accordingly, we cannot predict whether we will succeed in implementing these strategic initiatives. It could take several years to realize the anticipated benefits from these initiatives, if any benefits are achieved at all. Additionally, our business strategy may change from time to time, which could delay our ability to implement initiatives that we believe are important to our business.

Since Customers may be hesitant to migrate or integrate their critical business systems and procedures to those provided by us, the market and the sales cycle for our technology and services may develop more slowly than we expect.

Our success depends, in part, on the willingness of Customers to adopt new technology and services. Many veterinary practices have invested substantial effort and financial resources into the information systems and procedures that support their businesses and may be reluctant or unwilling to migrate or integrate these systems with online or cloud-based, on-demand services. Other factors that may affect market acceptance of our services include:

The market for these services may develop more slowly than we expect, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The animal health market is highly competitive and if we do not compete effectively, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The animal health market is highly competitive and rapidly changing, and we expect competition to intensify in the future. Our competitors include the animal health businesses of large pharmaceutical companies, specialty animal health businesses, animal health divisions of large distribution companies, animal health focused businesses and practice management service providers and may, in the future, include new market entrants. These competitors may have access to greater financial, marketing, technical and other resources. As a result, they may be able to devote more resources to developing, marketing and selling their products and services, initiating or withstanding substantial price competition or more readily taking advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities.

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To the extent that any of our competitors are more successful with respect to any key competitive factor or we are forced to reduce, or are unable to raise, the price of any of our products or services in order to remain competitive, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Competitive pressure could arise from, among other things, limited demand growth or a significant number of additional competitive products or services being introduced into a particular market, price reductions by competitors, the ability of competitors to capitalize on their economies of scale, the ability of competitors to produce or otherwise procure animal health products at lower costs than us and the ability of competitors to access more or newer technology than us.

Changes in manufacturer sales channels for companion animal products could negatively impact our market share, margins and distribution of our products.

In most markets, companion animal owners typically purchase their animal health products directly from veterinarians. Companion animal owners increasingly have the option to purchase animal health products from sources other than veterinarians, such as online retailers, “big-box” retail stores or other over-the-counter distribution channels. This trend has been demonstrated by the significant shift away from the veterinarian distribution channel in the sale of flea and tick products in recent years. Companion animal owners also could decrease their reliance on, and visits to, veterinarians as they rely more on online animal health information. Because we market our companion animal prescription products through the veterinarian channel, both in-office and through our online platform, any decrease in reliance on and visits to veterinarians by companion animal owners could reduce our market share for such products and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, companion animal owners may substitute human health products for animal health products if human health products are deemed to be lower-cost alternatives.

Because substantially all of the products that we distribute and sell are not manufactured by us, we are dependent upon third parties for the manufacture and supply of substantially all of our products.

We obtain substantially all of our products from third parties. Generally, we do not have long-term contracts with our suppliers committing them to supply products to us. Therefore, suppliers may not provide the products we need in the quantities we request or at all. Additionally, certain key suppliers, in the aggregate, supply a significant portion of the products we sell. In addition, we currently purchase many products and materials from single sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. These products include branded and patented products from major pharmaceutical manufacturers, including Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Boehringer Ingelheim), Elanco Animal Health Incorporated, Merck & Co., Inc. and Zoetis, Inc., among others. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of products in the future from single-source suppliers, we may be unable to supply the market, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Additionally, because we generally do not control the actual production of the products we sell, we may be subject to delays caused by interruption in production based on conditions outside of our control, including the manufacturers’ failure to comply with applicable government requirements. The failure of manufacturers of products regulated by the FDA, the DEA or other governmental agencies to meet these requirements could result in product recall, cessation of sales or other market disruptions. In the event that any of our third-party suppliers were to become unable or unwilling to continue to provide the products in our required volumes, we would need to identify and obtain acceptable replacement sources on a timely basis. There is no guarantee that we would be able to obtain such alternative sources of supply on a timely basis, if at all. An extended interruption in the supply of our products, especially any high sales volume product, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Our substantial indebtedness, which would have been approximately $1.175 billion on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2018 after giving effect to the Initial Spinco Debt Financing and the Additional Spinco Financing, could adversely affect our financial condition and impair our ability to operate our business. We may incur substantial additional indebtedness, including in connection with the Transactions, which could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition.

Based on outstanding indebtedness of Vets First Choice and the Henry Schein Animal Health Business as of September 30, 2018, and after giving effect to the Initial Spinco Debt Financing and the Additional Spinco Financing, we expect that we will have approximately $1.175 billion in total indebtedness outstanding upon consummation of the Transactions, net of debt issuance costs of $25 million. See “Capitalization” and “Description of Material Indebtedness.”

We may incur significant additional indebtedness in the future, including secured indebtedness. Although the agreements governing the Initial Spinco Debt Financing and the Additional Spinco Financing are expected to contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are expected to be subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial.

Our current level of pro forma indebtedness, and any additional indebtedness, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, including the following:

The agreements governing our indebtedness are expected to contain restrictive covenants, which will restrict our operational flexibility.

The agreements governing the Initial Spinco Debt Financing, the Additional Financing and any additional indebtedness are expected to contain restrictions and limitations on our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests, including financial and other restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to:

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The agreements governing the Initial Spinco Debt Financing and the Additional Financing are expected to also contain other restrictions customary for facilities of this nature.

Our ability to borrow additional amounts under the agreements governing the Initial Spinco Debt Financing and the Additional Financing will depend upon satisfaction of these covenants. Events beyond our control could affect our ability to meet these covenants. Our failure to comply with obligations under the agreements governing the Initial Spinco Debt Financing, the Additional Financing and any additional indebtedness, may result in an event of default under those agreements. A default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of our indebtedness. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we cannot be certain that we will have sufficient funds available to pay the accelerated indebtedness or that we will have the ability to refinance the accelerated indebtedness on terms favorable to us or at all. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and could cause us to become bankrupt or insolvent.

Many of our Customers and their Clients are price sensitive, and if the prices for our products and services are unacceptable to them, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Many of our Customers and their Clients are price sensitive. As the market for our services matures, or as new competitors introduce new products or services that compete with us, we may be unable to retain our existing Customers or attract new customers on the basis of the same price pricing model as previously used. As a result, it is possible that competitive dynamics in our market may require us to change our pricing model or reduce our prices, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may lose Customers and have difficulty attracting new customers if we have defects or disruptions in our service or if we provide poor service.

Because we deliver online and cloud-based applications as a service, errors or defects in the software applications underlying the service, or a failure of our hosting infrastructure, may render the service unavailable to Customers. Since our Customers will use our platform to manage critical aspects of their businesses, any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems with the platform, whether in connection with the day-to-day operation of the platform, upgrades or otherwise, could damage the Customers’ businesses. If we experience any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems with our online and cloud-based services, Customers could delay or withhold payment or stop doing business with us, and our business, results of operations and reputation could be harmed.

If our information systems (or third-party systems we rely on) are interrupted, damaged by unforeseen events, are subject to cyberattacks or fail for any extended period of time or unauthorized access is obtained to a Customer’s or their Client’s data, we may incur significant liabilities, our service may be perceived as not being secure, Customers may curtail or stop using our products or services and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

The services we offer involve the maintenance of our Customers’ and their Client’s sensitive information. In addition, we rely on information systems (“IS”) in our business to obtain, rapidly process, analyze, manage and store data to, among other things:

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Information security risks have generally increased in recent years, and a third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or other event that bypasses our IS security systems causing an IS security breach may lead to a material disruption of our IS business systems and/or the loss of business, customer or client information resulting in a material adverse effect on our business. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, IS security systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures.

In addition, we develop products and provide services to our Customers that are technology-based, and a cyberattack that bypasses the IS security systems of our products or services causing a security breach and/or perceived security vulnerabilities in our products or services could also cause significant reputational harm, and actual or perceived vulnerabilities may lead to claims against us by our Customers, their clients and/or governmental agencies. Perceived or actual security vulnerabilities in our products or services, or the perceived or actual failure by us or our Customers who use our products to comply with applicable legal requirements, may not only cause us significant reputational harm, but may also lead to claims against us by our Customers, their clients and/or governmental agencies and involve fines and penalties, costs for remediation, and substantial defense and settlement expenses.

Additionally, legislative or regulatory action related to cybersecurity may increase our costs to develop or implement new technology-based products and services.

Risks associated with these and other actual or perceived IS security breaches may include, among other things:

We store, process and use information collected from or about our Customers and their Clients that subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens and may expose us to liability and/or potential objections from such Customers and Clients, and our actual or perceived failure to adequately protect or appropriately use data could harm our brand, our reputation in the marketplace and our business.

Because we collect, store, process and use data, some of which contain personal information, we are subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and other matters related to personal information. Failure to abide by these laws, regulations and standards could expose us to breach of contract claims, investigations, substantial fines, penalties and other liabilities and expenses, costs for remediation and harm to our reputation. Our Customers and their Clients may also object to or opt out of the collection and use of their data, which may harm our business.

Certain states in which we operate, including California, and countries outside of the United States have adopted or may in the future adopt new regulations governing handling, storage, use and protection of personal

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information. Both in the United States and abroad, these laws and regulations continue to evolve and remain subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain. If we fail to comply with such laws and regulations, we could be required to make significant changes to our products or services, or incur substantial fines, penalties or other liabilities. For example, if legislation or regulations are adopted, interpreted or implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices and that require changes to these practices, the design of our products and services or privacy practices, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The costs of compliance with, and the other burdens imposed by, new or existing laws or regulatory actions may prevent us from selling our products or services, or increase the costs of doing so, and may affect our ability to invest in or develop products or services. In addition, a determination by a court or government agency that any of our practices do not meet these standards could result in liability or negative publicity, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have adopted the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), effective from May 25, 2018, which increases privacy rights for individuals in Europe, extends the scope or responsibilities for data controllers and data processors and imposes increased requirements and potential penalties on companies offering goods or services to individuals who are located in Europe (“Data Subjects”) or monitoring the behavior of such individuals (including by companies based outside of Europe). Noncompliance can result in penalties of up to the greater of EUR 20 million, or 4% of total company revenues. Individual member states may impose additional requirements and penalties as they relate to certain things such as employee personal data. Among other things, the GDPR requires, with respect to personal data concerning Data Subjects, company accountability, consents from Data Subjects or other acceptable legal basis needed to process the personal data, prompt breach notifications within 72 hours, fairness and transparency in how the personal data is stored, used or otherwise processed, and data integrity and security, and provides rights to Data Subjects relating to modification, erasure and transporting of the personal data. Our efforts to implement programs and controls that comply with the GDPR are likely to impose additional costs on us, and we cannot predict whether the interpretations of the requirements, or changes in our products or services in response to new requirements or interpretations of the requirements, will be accepted as compliant by applicable regulatory authorities.

Successful claims for misappropriation or release of confidential or personal data brought against us or fines or other penalties assessed or any claim that results in significant adverse publicity against us could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation.

We may launch branding or rebranding initiatives that may involve substantial costs and may not be favorably received by Customers.

We will operate under the name “Covetrus, Inc.” Following this name change, we may incur substantial costs in rebranding our products and services, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain brand name recognition or status under the new brand that is comparable to the recognition and status previously enjoyed by the Henry Schein Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice separately. The failure of any such rebranding initiative could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers, which could cause us not to realize some or all of the benefits contemplated by us to result from the Merger.

Many of our Customers are small and medium-sized businesses, which can be challenging to cost-effectively reach, acquire and retain.

We market and sell many of our services to veterinary practices and clinics, which are typically small or medium-sized business (“SMBs”). To grow our business, we must develop new customers, sell additional

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services to existing Customers and encourage existing Customers to remain on our platform. However, selling to and retaining SMBs can be more difficult than selling to and retaining large enterprises because SMB customers:

If we are unable to cost-effectively market and sell our services to our target customers, our ability to grow our business will be harmed.

Our business is subject to risk based on global economic conditions.

Macroeconomic, business and financial disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Certain of our Customers, their Clients and our suppliers could be affected directly by an economic downturn and could face credit issues or cash flow problems that could give rise to payment delays, increased credit risk, bankruptcies and other financial hardships that could decrease the demand for our products or hinder our ability to collect amounts due from Customers. If one or more of our large Customers discontinue their relationship with us as a result of economic conditions or otherwise, our operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Furthermore, our exposure to credit and collectability risk is higher in certain international markets and our ability to mitigate such risks may be limited. While we have procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit and collectability risk, there can be no assurances such procedures will effectively limit such risk and avoid losses. In addition, economic concerns may cause some Pet Owners to forgo or defer visits to veterinary practices or could reduce their willingness to treat pet health conditions or even to continue to own a pet.

A significant portion of our operations is conducted in foreign jurisdictions and is subject to the economic, political, legal and business environments of the countries in which we do business. Risks associated with such international operations could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We have significant operations outside of the United States. We expect that we will continue to expand our international operations in the future. International operations inherently subject us to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:

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The multinational nature of our business subjects us to potential risks that various taxing authorities may challenge the pricing of our cross-border arrangements and subject us to additional tax, adversely impacting our effective tax rate and our tax liability.

In addition, international transactions may involve increased financial and legal risks due to differing legal systems and customs. Compliance with these requirements may prohibit the import or export of certain products and technologies or may require us to obtain a license before importing or exporting certain products or technology. A failure to comply with any of these laws, regulations or requirements could result in civil or criminal legal proceedings, monetary or non-monetary penalties, or both, disruptions to our business, limitations on our ability to import and export products and services, and damage to our reputation.

While the impact of these factors is difficult to predict, any of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Changes in any of these laws, regulations or requirements, or the political environment in a particular country, may affect our ability to engage in business transactions in certain markets, including investment, procurement and repatriation of earnings.

Our business is exposed to domestic and foreign currency fluctuations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Approximately 46% of our pro forma net sales in fiscal 2017 was to Customers outside the United States. Changes in non-U.S. currencies relative to the U.S. dollar impact our sales, profits, assets and liabilities. In addition, the weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar may result in significant favorable or unfavorable translation effects when the operating results of our non-U.S. business activity are translated into U.S. dollars and could cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations and the expectations of our investors. For our international sales denominated in U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products and services less competitive in international markets. Alternately, a weakening of the currencies in which sales are generated relative to the currencies in which costs are denominated would decrease operating profits and cash flow. Changes in currency exchange rates may also affect the relative prices at which we purchase materials and services in foreign markets. In addition, the impact of currency devaluations in countries experiencing high inflation rates or significant currency exchange fluctuations could negatively impact our operating results. While we may use financial instruments to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on our cash flows, unhedged exposures would continue to be subject to currency fluctuations.

Our business is subject to substantial regulation.

Our pharmacy and supply chain businesses are impacted by federal and state laws and regulations governing, among other things: the purchase, distribution, management, compounding, dispensing, marketing and labeling of prescription drugs and related services; DEA and/or state regulation affecting the sale and distribution of controlled substances; and statutes and regulations related to the sale and marketing of animal drugs, pet food, insecticides and devices. Our failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could

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severely limit or curtail our pharmacy and supply chain operations, which would materially harm our business and prospects. Further, our business could be affected by changes in these or any newly enacted laws and regulations, as well as federal and state agency interpretations of such statutes and regulations. Such statutory or regulatory changes could require that we make changes to our business model and operations and/or could require that we incur significantly increased costs in order to comply with such regulations.

The status of compounded animal drugs is uncertain. Currently, the FDA exercises enforcement discretion for unapproved compounded animal drugs. In 2015, the FDA revoked its Compliance Policy Guide regarding animal drug compounding and published a draft guidance proposing to strictly limit the circumstances under which the FDA would permit compounding of veterinary drug products. The FDA withdrew this draft guidance in November 2017. It has stated that it will issue a new draft guidance in the future. These and other restrictions on the activities of compounding pharmacies may limit the available market for compounded formulations from bulk substances for animal use, as compared to the market available for the FDA-approved animal drugs.

The marketing and sale of compounded formulations is subject to and must comply with state statutes and regulations governing compounding pharmacies. These statutes and regulations include, among other things, restrictions on compounding in advance of receiving an animal-specific prescription, restrictions on compounding drugs that are essentially copies of FDA-approved drugs, restrictions on compounding drug products for office use, and restrictions on wholesaling. These and other restrictions on the activities of compounding pharmacies may significantly limit the market available for compounded formulations, as compared to the market available for FDA-approved drugs.

Legislation may be proposed in the United States or other jurisdictions in the future, that could impact the distribution channels for our companion animal products. For example, such legislation may require veterinarians to provide Pet Owners with written prescriptions and disclosure that the Pet Owner may fill prescriptions through a third party, which may further reduce the number of Pet Owners who purchase their animal health products directly from veterinarians. Such requirements may lead to increased use of generic alternatives to our products or the increased substitution of our products with other animal health products or human health products if such other products are deemed to be lower-cost alternatives. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The sale and distribution of our products is also regulated in most or all jurisdictions outside the United States where our business operates. Local regulations on sale and distribution may be tightened, for example regarding labelling or quality of transportation, which may increase our costs of doing business. In particular, in the European Union, a revision of the current legislation on veterinary medicinal products is under way, proposing a new EU regulation on veterinary medicinal products that would be uniformly applicable throughout the European Union. The current draft legislation proposes to limit the use of antibiotics, to tighten importation rules, and to impose stricter pharmacovigilance standards. If adopted as proposed, the new regulation may have a material adverse effect on the sale of our products in the European Union; it furthermore may increase the compliance requirements for our business in the European Union with resulting costs. In addition, the uncertainty over Brexit and the question whether our business will continue to be able to freely sell and distribute between the United Kingdom and the European Union may affect our business in Europe.

If a compounded drug formulation provided through our compounding pharmacy services leads to injury or death or results in a product recall, we may be exposed to liabilities or reputational harm.

The success of our compounding pharmacy services is dependent upon perceptions of us and the safety and quality of our products and services. We could be adversely affected if we or any other compounding pharmacies or our formulations and technologies are subject to negative publicity. We could also be adversely affected if any of our formulations or technologies, any similar products sold by other companies, or any products sold by other veterinary compounding pharmacies prove to be, or are asserted to be, harmful. For instance, to the extent any of the components of approved drugs or other ingredients used to produce our compounded formulations have

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quality or other problems that adversely affect the finished compounded preparations, our business could be adversely affected. Also, because of our dependence upon veterinarian and client perceptions, any adverse publicity associated with illness or other adverse effects resulting from the use or misuse of our products, any similar products sold by other companies or any products sold by veterinary compounding pharmacies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Assertions by a third party that we are infringing its intellectual property, whether successful or not, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses.

The software and technology industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and by frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. The preparation or sale of our products may infringe on the patent rights of others. As we face increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us may grow. Our technology may not be able to withstand any third-party claims or rights against their use. Additionally, although we have licensed from other parties proprietary technology covered by patents, it cannot be certain that any such patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. These types of claims could harm our relationships with our Customers, may deter future Customers from using our services or could expose us to litigation for such claims.

Any intellectual property rights claims against us, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and could divert management attention and financial resources. An adverse determination also could prevent us from offering our services to Customers and may require the procurement or development of substitute services that do not infringe.

As a result of intellectual property rights claims against us, we may have to pay damages or stop using technology or formulation found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. We may have to seek a license for the intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, may significantly increase our operating expenses or may require us to restrict our business activities in one or more respects. As a result, we may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense.

In addition, we use open source software in our platform and will use open source software in the future. From time to time, we may face claims from companies that incorporate open source software into their products, claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the source code, the open source software, or derivative works that were developed using such software, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional product, technology, and development resources to change our platform or services, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Loss of our executive officers or other key personnel could disrupt our operations and our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could harm our business.

Our success will depend on the efforts of our executive officers and certain key personnel. Any unplanned turnover or our failure to develop an adequate succession plan for one or more of our executive officer or other key positions could deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitive advantage. The loss or limited availability of the services of one or more of our executive officers or other key personnel, or our inability to recruit and retain qualified executive officers or other key personnel in the future, could, at least temporarily, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our future success also depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate talented technical, managerial, sales, marketing and service and support personnel. Competition for sales, marketing and technology development personnel is particularly intense in the software and technology industries. As a result, we may be

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unable to successfully attract or retain qualified personnel, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Tax legislation could materially adversely affect our financial results.

We are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state and local governments, as well as foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, various legislative initiatives may be proposed that could materially adversely affect our tax positions. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate will not be materially adversely affected by legislation resulting from these initiatives.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted in the United States, which among other things, reduced the corporate tax rate from a top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21% and limited the ability to deduct net interest expense to 30% of adjusted earnings, in addition to making other significant changes to corporate and international tax provisions. Notwithstanding the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, the overall impact of the new federal tax law is uncertain and our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, it is uncertain how various states will respond to the newly enacted federal tax law.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

There is currently no public market for our common stock and we cannot be certain that an active trading market will develop or be sustained after the Transactions, and our stock price may fluctuate significantly.

There is currently no public market for our common stock. It is anticipated that, promptly after effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, which is expected to occur no later than January 28, 2019 (assuming a continuation of the U.S. federal government shutdown), trading of our common stock will begin on a “when-issued” basis and such trading will continue through the Distribution Date. However, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our common stock will develop as a result of the Transactions or be sustained in the future. The lack of an active market may make it more difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock and could lead to the price of our common stock being depressed or more volatile. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock may trade after the Transactions. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate widely, depending on many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:

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Stock markets in general have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Until an orderly market develops, the trading prices for our common stock may fluctuate significantly.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable research about us, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us and our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If there is no coverage of us by securities or industry analysts, the trading price for our stock could be negatively impacted. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if one or more of these analysts downgrades the stock or publishes unfavorable research about us, the stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause the stock price or trading volume to decline.

Fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results may cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future, due to a number of factors, including: seasonality of certain product lines; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; changes in our accounting estimates; timing of operating expenditures; and timing of regulatory approvals and licenses, which could adversely impact the value of our common stock. Furthermore, our results may fluctuate due to a variety of other factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict.

The cumulative effects of these factors could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Investors should not rely on past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failure to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if any forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue and/or earnings guidance we may provide.

Our accounting, management and financial reporting systems may not be prepared to comply with public company reporting, disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting requirements.

The financial results of the Henry Schein Animal Health Business previously were included within the consolidated results of Henry Schein, and neither we nor Vets First Choice have been subject to the reporting and other requirements of the Exchange Act. As a result of the Transactions, we will become an independent, publicly traded company and will be subject to reporting and other obligations under the Exchange Act. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. Following the Transactions, we will be responsible for ensuring that all aspects of our business comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our management will be required to: (i) assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; (ii) certify that the

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quarterly and annual financial reports fully comply with Exchange Act requirements and the information contained in the reports fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial conditions and results of operations of our business; and (iii) obtain a report by an independent registered public accounting firm attesting our management’s assessments of internal control over financial reporting, subject to applicable phase-in periods.

To comply with these requirements, we may need to upgrade and implement additional internal controls, reporting systems, information technology systems and procedures, and hire additional accounting, legal and finance staff. We expect to incur additional annual expenses for the purpose of addressing these requirements, and those expenses may be significant. If we are unable to upgrade our internal controls, reporting systems, information technology systems and procedures in a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with our financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies under the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could be impaired. Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the market for our common stock.

After the completion of the Transactions, sales of our common stock may negatively affect its market price.

The shares of our common stock that (i) Henry Schein distributes to Henry Schein stockholders in the Distribution or (ii) are issued to Vets First Choice stockholders as consideration in the Merger generally may be sold immediately in the public market. It is likely that some stockholders may sell our common stock received in the Transactions for various reasons such as if our business profile or market capitalization as a combined company following the Transactions does not fit their investment objectives. The sales of significant amounts of our common stock or the perception in the market that this will occur may result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

Certain former stockholders of Vets First Choice holding approximately 17.6% of our common stock will be subject to a six-month lock-up period following the Closing Date with respect to the shares of our common stock they receive in the Merger pursuant to a voting and support agreement. These shares will be not be restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act after the expiration of the lock-up period and, unless held by our affiliates, may subsequently be sold into the public market without restriction. If some or all of these shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We do not intend to declare and pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth, to develop our business, for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes. Therefore, you are not likely to receive any dividends on your common stock for the foreseeable future and the success of an investment in shares of our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in their value. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the value of shares received in connection with the Transactions. In addition, Delaware law or the agreements governing our indebtedness may impose requirements that may restrict our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock.

Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our non-employee directors will generally have no obligation to offer us corporate opportunities.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will address potential conflicts of interest with respect to corporate opportunities and transactions that are presented to, or which otherwise come into the possession of, any of our directors who is not also one of our employees or an employee of any of our subsidiaries. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we will renounce any interest or expectancy in such corporate

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opportunities unless they were presented to a non-employee director expressly and solely in such person’s capacity as one of our directors.

Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws could discourage, delay or prevent a change of control and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws include a number of provisions that may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. For example, the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws, collectively:

These provisions may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of the common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of the common stock if the provisions are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future. The amended and restated by-laws also make it difficult for stockholders to replace or remove management by giving our Board the sole ability to elect and remove officers. These provisions may facilitate management entrenchment that may delay, deter, render more difficult or prevent a change in our control, which may not be in the best interests of the stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware (each such court, as applicable, the “Selected Forum”), as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Selected Forum will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a

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claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or our stockholders by any of our current or former directors, officers, employees or stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising under the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated by-laws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on a Selected Forum, (iv) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, (v) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated by-laws, or (vi) any other action asserting an “internal corporate claim” under Section 115 of the DGCL. If a stockholder files any of the preceding actions in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”), such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (x) the personal jurisdiction of the Selected Forum in connection with any action brought in such court to enforce the choice of forum provision and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon the stockholder’s counsel (as such stockholder’s agent) in the foreign action. By becoming a holder of our common stock, a person will be deemed to have notice of and have consented to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation related to choice of forum. The choice of forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

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