DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

General

We have described below some general terms that may apply to the debt securities we may offer by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. We will describe the particular terms of any debt securities we offer to you in the prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities.

The debt securities will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The senior debt securities will be issued under the senior indenture, and the subordinated debt securities will be issued under the subordinated indenture. The debt securities and the indentures are governed by the laws of the State of New York.

The following summary is not complete. You should refer to the indentures, copies of which are exhibits to the registration statement.

The indentures do not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. Each of the indentures provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount we authorize from time to time. The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will have the same rank as all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinated and junior to all Senior Indebtedness as defined below under “— Subordinated Debt Securities — Subordination.”

We are a holding company that holds the stock of the Bank and the IHC. We conduct substantially all of our operations through subsidiaries, including the Bank and the IHC. As a result, claims of the holders of our securities will generally have a junior position to claims of creditors of our subsidiaries. Claims of our subsidiaries’ creditors other than JPMorgan Chase include substantial amounts of deposit liabilities, long-term debt and other liabilities. In addition, we are obligated to contribute to the IHC substantially all the net proceeds that we receive from the issuance of securities (including any securities offered by use of this prospectus), and the ability of the Bank and the IHC to make payments to us is limited. As a result of these arrangements, our ability to make various payments is dependent on our receiving dividends from the Bank and dividends and extensions of credit from the IHC. These limitations could affect our ability to pay interest on our debt securities, pay dividends on our preferred stock and common stock, redeem or repurchase outstanding securities, and fulfill our other payment obligations.

We may issue the debt securities in one or more separate series of senior debt securities and/or subordinated debt securities. We will specify in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of debt securities being offered the particular amounts, prices and terms of those debt securities. These terms may include:

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We may issue some of the debt securities as original issue discount debt securities. Original issue discount debt securities will bear no interest or will bear interest at a below-market rate and will be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. The prospectus supplement will contain any special tax, accounting or other information relating to original issue discount debt securities. If we offer other kinds of debt securities, including debt securities linked to an index or payable in currencies other than U.S. dollars, the prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities will also contain any special tax, accounting or other information relating to those debt securities.

We will issue the debt securities only in registered form without coupons. The indentures permit us to issue debt securities of a series in certificated form or in permanent global form. You will not be required to pay a service charge for any transfer or exchange of debt securities, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

We will pay principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities at the corporate trust office in New York City of our paying agent, The Bank of New York Mellon, or any successor paying agent that we may designate. You may also make transfers or exchanges of debt securities at that location. We also have the right to pay interest on any debt securities by check mailed to the registered holders of the debt securities at their registered addresses. In connection with any payment on a debt security, we may require the holder to certify information to us. In the absence of that certification, we may rely on any legal presumption to enable us to determine our responsibilities, if any, to deduct or withhold taxes, assessments or governmental charges from the payment.

The indentures do not limit our ability to enter into a highly leveraged transaction or provide you with any special protection in the event of such a transaction. In addition, neither of the indentures provides special protection in the event of a sudden or dramatic decline in our credit quality resulting from a takeover, recapitalization or similar restructuring of JPMorgan Chase.

We may issue debt securities upon the exercise of securities warrants or upon exchange or conversion of exchangeable or convertible debt securities. The prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any of those securities warrants or exchangeable or convertible securities. It will also describe the specific terms of the debt securities or other securities issuable upon the exercise, exchange or conversion of those securities. See “Description of Securities Warrants” below.

Each of the indentures contains a provision that, if made applicable to any series of senior or subordinated debt securities, respectively, permits us to elect:

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To make either of the above elections, we must deposit in trust with the respective trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations (as defined below) which, through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms, will provide sufficient money, without reinvestment, to repay in full those senior or subordinated debt securities, as the case may be. As used in the indentures, “U.S. government obligations” are: (1) direct obligations of the United States or of an agency or instrumentality of the United States, in either case that are, or are guaranteed as, full faith and credit obligations of the United States and that are not redeemable by the issuer; and (2) certain depositary receipts with respect to an obligation referred to in clause (1).

As a condition to defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel that the holders of the senior or subordinated debt securities, as the case may be, will not recognize income, gain, or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. That opinion, in the case of defeasance but not covenant defeasance, must refer to and be based upon a ruling received by us from the Internal Revenue Service or published as a revenue ruling or be based upon a change in applicable federal income tax law.

If we exercise our covenant defeasance option with respect to a particular series of debt securities, then even if there were a default under the defeased covenant, payment of those debt securities could not be accelerated. We may exercise our defeasance option with respect to a particular series of debt securities even if we previously had exercised our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise our defeasance option, payment of those debt securities may not be accelerated because of any event of default. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option and an acceleration were to occur, the realizable value at the acceleration date of the money and U.S. government obligations in the defeasance trust could be less than the principal and interest then due on those debt securities. This is because the required deposit of money and/or U.S. government obligations in the defeasance trust is based upon scheduled cash flows rather than market value, which will vary depending upon interest rates and other factors.

We and the trustees may modify either indenture with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of each series of outstanding debt securities affected by the modification. However, without the consent of each affected holder, no such modification may:

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In addition, we and the trustees may amend either indenture without the consent of the holders of debt securities of any series for any of the following purposes:

Each indenture allows us, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of any series issued under that indenture, to consolidate or merge with any other entity, to convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to another entity, or to permit another entity to merge into JPMorgan Chase, provided that:

(1) the successor is a corporation, association, company or business trust organized under U.S. laws;

(2) the successor, if not us, assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indentures;

(3) after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default (or, in the case of the senior debt securities, a covenant breach under the senior indenture), and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default (or, in the case of the senior debt securities, a covenant breach under the senior indenture), shall have occurred and be continuing; and

(4) other specified conditions are met.

In addition, each indenture allows us, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of any series issued under that indenture, to convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to one or more of our subsidiaries.

Senior Debt Securities

The senior debt securities will be direct, unsecured general obligations of JPMorgan Chase and will constitute Senior Indebtedness of JPMorgan Chase. For a definition of “Senior Indebtedness,” see “— Subordinated Debt Securities — Subordination” below.

Limitation on Disposition of Stock of the Bank. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities, the senior indenture contains a covenant by us that, so long as any of the senior debt securities are outstanding, neither we nor any Intermediate Subsidiary (as defined below) will sell, assign, grant a security interest in or otherwise dispose of any shares of voting stock of the Bank, or any securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of voting stock of the Bank, except to JPMorgan Chase or an Intermediate Subsidiary. In addition, the covenant provides that neither we nor any Intermediate Subsidiary will permit the Bank to issue any shares of its voting stock, or securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of its voting stock, nor will we permit any Intermediate Subsidiary that owns any shares of voting stock of the Bank, or securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of the Bank’s voting stock, to cease to be an Intermediate Subsidiary.

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The above covenant is subject to our rights in connection with a consolidation or merger of JPMorgan Chase with another entity or a conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. The covenant also will not apply if both:

(1) the disposition in question is made for fair market value, as determined by the board of directors of JPMorgan Chase or the Intermediate Subsidiary; and

(2) after giving effect to the disposition, we and any one or more of our Intermediate Subsidiaries will collectively own at least 80% of the issued and outstanding voting stock of the Bank or any successor to the Bank, free and clear of any security interest.

The above covenant also does not restrict the Bank from being consolidated with or merged into another domestic banking institution if, after the merger or consolidation, (A) JPMorgan Chase, or its successor, and any one or more Intermediate Subsidiaries own at least 80% of the voting stock of the resulting bank and (B) treating for purposes of the senior indenture the resulting bank as the Bank, no covenant breach, event of default or event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become a covenant breach or event of default, shall have happened and be continuing.

The senior indenture defines an “Intermediate Subsidiary” as a subsidiary (1) that is organized under the laws of any domestic jurisdiction and (2) of which all the shares of capital stock, and all securities convertible into, and options, warrants and rights to purchase shares of capital stock, are owned directly by JPMorgan Chase, free and clear of any security interest. As used above, “voting stock” means a class of stock having general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees irrespective of the happening of a contingency.

Defaults and Waivers . Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, under the senior indenture, any one of the following events will be an event of default with respect to the senior debt securities of any series:

(1) default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any, on) any senior debt securities of that series and continuance of that default for 30 days;

(2) default in the payment of interest on any senior debt securities of that series and continuance of that default for 30 days;

(3) specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of JPMorgan Chase; and

(4) any other event of default specified with respect to senior debt securities of that series.

Senior debt securities issued by us prior to December 31, 2016 (the “Pre-2017 Senior Debt”) contain events of default that are different from those set forth above. In particular:

Accordingly, if we fail to pay the principal of any series of Pre-2017 Senior Debt when due, the holders of such senior debt securities would be entitled to declare their securities due and payable immediately, whereas holders of the senior debt securities of any series would not be entitled to accelerate those senior debt securities

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until 30 days after our failure to pay the principal of those senior debt securities. In addition, holders of the senior debt securities will not have the benefit of the additional events of default described above that are applicable to the Pre-2017 Senior Debt.

Under the senior indenture, if any event of default with respect to the senior debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the senior debt securities of that series are original issue discount senior debt securities, a specified portion of the principal amount) of all senior debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. No such declaration is required upon certain specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. Subject to the conditions set forth in the senior indenture, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding senior debt securities of that series may annul the declaration and waive past defaults, except uncured payment defaults and other specified defaults.

We will describe in the prospectus supplement any particular provisions relating to the acceleration of the maturity of a portion of the principal amount of original issue discount senior debt securities upon an event of default.

Subordinated Debt Securities

The subordinated debt securities will be direct, unsecured general obligations of JPMorgan Chase. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness.

Unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of subordinated debt securities, holders of the subordinated debt securities may not accelerate the maturity of the subordinated debt securities, except in the event of our bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency, and may not accelerate the subordinated debt securities if we fail to pay principal or interest or fail to perform any other agreement in the subordinated debt securities or the subordinated indenture. See “— Defaults and Waivers” below.

Subordination. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness whether outstanding on the date the subordinated indenture became effective or created, assumed or incurred after that date.

The subordinated indenture defines “Senior Indebtedness” to mean the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on all of our indebtedness for money borrowed, including all indebtedness for money borrowed by another person that we guarantee; similar obligations arising from off-balance sheet guarantees and direct credit substitutes; all obligations for claims in respect of derivative products such as interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, commodity contracts and similar arrangements; and any deferrals, renewals or extensions of any of the foregoing. However, Senior Indebtedness does not include indebtedness that is stated not to be senior to or to have the same rank as the subordinated debt securities or other securities having the same rank as or that are subordinated to the subordinated debt securities. In particular, Senior Indebtedness does not include (A) the subordinated debt securities issued under the subordinated indenture, (B) the subordinated indebtedness issued under the amended and restated indenture, dated as of December 15, 1992, as amended, between us and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as trustee, (C) the subordinated indebtedness issued under the indenture, dated as of October 21, 2010, between us and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as trustee, and (D) other debt of JPMorgan Chase that is expressly stated to have the same rank as or not to rank senior to the subordinated debt securities or other securities having the same rank as or that are subordinated to the subordinated debt securities.

Under the subordinated indenture, we may not make any payment on the subordinated debt securities in the event:

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In addition, upon our dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization (whether in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership proceedings or otherwise) we must pay to the holders of Senior Indebtedness the full amounts of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Senior Indebtedness before any payment or distribution is made on the subordinated debt securities.

No series of our subordinated debt securities (other than our outstanding junior subordinated indebtedness) is subordinated to any other series of subordinated debt securities or to any other subordinated indebtedness of JPMorgan Chase referred to above. However, due to the subordination provisions of the various series of subordinated indebtedness issued by us and our predecessor institutions, in the event of our dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization or insolvency, holders of the subordinated debt securities that may be offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement may recover less, ratably, than holders of some of our other series of outstanding subordinated indebtedness and more, ratably, than holders of other series of our outstanding subordinated indebtedness. In addition, holders of the subordinated debt securities may be fully subordinated to interests held by the U.S. government in the event that we enter into a receivership, insolvency, liquidation or similar proceeding.

No Limitation on Disposition of Voting Stock of the Bank. The subordinated indenture does not contain a covenant prohibiting us from selling or otherwise disposing of any shares of voting stock of the Bank, or securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of voting stock of the Bank. The subordinated indenture also does not prohibit the Bank from issuing any shares of its voting stock or securities convertible into, or options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of its voting stock.

Defaults and Waivers. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of subordinated debt securities, the subordinated indenture defines an event of default with respect to any series of subordinated debt securities as follows:

If any event of default with respect to subordinated debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding subordinated debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the subordinated debt securities of that series are original issue discount subordinated debt securities, a specified portion of the principal amount) of all subordinated debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. No such declaration is required upon certain specified events of bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency. Subject to the conditions set forth in the subordinated indenture, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding subordinated debt securities of that series may annul the declaration and waive past defaults, except uncured payment defaults.

We will describe in the prospectus supplement any particular provisions relating to the acceleration of the maturity of a portion of the principal amount of original issue discount subordinated debt securities upon an event of default. In the event of the bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or insolvency of JPMorgan Chase, any right to enforce that payment in cash would be subject to the broad equity powers of a federal bankruptcy court and to its determination of the nature and status of the payment claims of the holders of the subordinated debt securities.

Unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of subordinated debt securities, there will be no right of acceleration of the payment of principal of the subordinated debt securities of that series upon a default in the payment of principal or interest or a default in the performance of any covenant or agreement in the subordinated debt securities or the subordinated indenture. In the event of a default in the

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payment of principal or interest or a default in the performance of any covenant or agreement in the subordinated debt securities or the subordinated indenture, the trustee may, subject to specified limitations and conditions, seek to enforce that payment or the performance of that covenant or agreement.

Covenant Breach

Under each indenture, a “covenant breach” would occur with respect to the debt securities of any series issued under that indenture if we fail to perform or breach any of the covenants contained in that indenture (in the case of the senior indenture, other than a failure to pay principal of or interest on the senior debt securities) and that failure or breach continues for 90 days after the trustee under that indenture or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series give written notice of that failure or breach. Under each indenture, neither the trustee nor the holders of the debt securities will be entitled to accelerate the maturity of the debt securities as a result of any covenant breach.

If a covenant breach or event of default with respect to the debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the relevant trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the holders of those debt securities by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the trustee deems most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in the relevant indenture, in aid of the exercise of any power granted in that indenture, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

Limitation of Suits

Under each indenture, a holder of the debt securities of any series issued under that indenture will not have the right to institute any proceeding with respect to that indenture or those debt securities unless:

The foregoing limitations will not apply to any suit instituted by holders of the debt securities for the enforcement of any payment of principal or interest on or after the date when due.

Other Provisions of the Indentures

Each of the indentures requires the relevant trustee, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default known to it with respect to the debt securities of any series issued under that indenture, to give the holders of those debt securities notice of the default if uncured or not waived. The trustee may withhold the notice if it determines in good faith that the withholding of the notice is in the interest of those holders. However, the trustee may not withhold the notice in the case of a default in the payment of principal or interest. The trustee may not give the above notice until at least 60 days after the occurrence of a default in the performance of a covenant in the indenture, other than, in the case of the senior indenture, a covenant to pay principal of or interest on the senior debt securities. The term “default” for the purpose of this provision means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, a covenant breach or event of default with respect to the debt securities.

Other than the duty to act with the required standard of care during a default, the trustee under each of the indentures is not obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers under that indenture at the request or direction

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of any of the holders of the debt securities issued under that indenture, unless the holders have offered to the trustee reasonable security or indemnity. Each of the indentures provides that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities issued under that indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or other power conferred on the trustee. However, the trustee may decline to act if the direction is contrary to law or the indenture, and the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

Each of the indentures includes a covenant requiring us to file annually with the relevant trustee a certificate stating that there exists no covenant breach, event of default or event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, a covenant breach or event of default under the relevant indenture, or if any such default exists, specifying such default.

Information Concerning The Trustees

We and our subsidiaries may maintain deposits or conduct other banking transactions with the trustees under the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture in the ordinary course of business. Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas is a trustee under certain of our existing indentures pursuant to which we have issued and outstanding series of senior debt securities. U.S. Bank Trust National Association is a trustee under certain of our existing indentures pursuant to which we have issued and outstanding series of subordinated debt securities.

Insolvency and Resolution Considerations

The debt securities constitute “loss-absorbing capacity” within the meaning of the final rules (the “TLAC rules”) issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) on December 15, 2016 regarding, among other things, the minimum levels of unsecured external long-term debt and other loss-absorbing capacity that certain U.S. bank holding companies, including JPMorgan Chase, are required to maintain. Such debt must satisfy certain eligibility criteria under the TLAC rules. If JPMorgan Chase were to enter into resolution either in a proceeding under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or in a receivership administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) under Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), holders of the debt securities offered by use of this prospectus and other debt and equity securities of JPMorgan Chase will absorb the losses of JPMorgan Chase and its affiliates.

Under Title I of the Dodd-Frank Act and applicable rules of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, JPMorgan Chase is required to submit periodically to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC a detailed plan (the “resolution plan”) for the rapid and orderly resolution of JPMorgan Chase and its material subsidiaries under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other applicable insolvency laws in the event of material financial distress or failure. JPMorgan Chase’s preferred resolution strategy under its resolution plan contemplates that only JPMorgan Chase would enter bankruptcy proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code pursuant to a “single point of entry” recapitalization strategy. JPMorgan Chase’s subsidiaries would be recapitalized, as needed, so that they could continue operations or subsequently be wound down in an orderly manner. As a result, JPMorgan Chase’s losses and any losses incurred by its subsidiaries would be imposed first on holders of JPMorgan Chase’s equity securities and thereafter on unsecured creditors, including holders of the debt securities offered by use of this prospectus and other debt securities of JPMorgan Chase. Claims of holders of the debt securities and those other securities would have a junior position to the claims of creditors of JPMorgan Chase’s subsidiaries and to the claims of priority (as determined by statute) and secured creditors of JPMorgan Chase. Accordingly, in a resolution of JPMorgan Chase under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, holders of the debt securities offered by use of this prospectus and other debt securities of JPMorgan Chase would realize value only to the extent available to JPMorgan Chase as a shareholder of the Bank and its other subsidiaries, and only after any claims of priority and secured creditors of JPMorgan Chase have been fully repaid. If JPMorgan Chase were to enter into a resolution, none of JPMorgan Chase, the Federal Reserve or the FDIC is obligated to follow JPMorgan Chase’s preferred resolution strategy under its resolution plan.

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The FDIC has similarly indicated that a single point of entry recapitalization model could be a desirable strategy to resolve a systemically important financial institution, such as JPMorgan Chase, under Title II of the Dodd-Frank Act (“Title II”). Pursuant to that strategy, the FDIC would use its power to create a “bridge entity” for JPMorgan Chase; transfer the systemically important and viable parts of its business, principally the stock of JPMorgan Chase’s main operating subsidiaries and any intercompany claims against such subsidiaries, to the bridge entity; recapitalize those subsidiaries using assets of JPMorgan Chase that have been transferred to the bridge entity; and exchange external debt claims against JPMorgan Chase for equity in the bridge entity. Under this Title II resolution strategy, the value of the stock of the bridge entity that would be redistributed to holders of the debt securities offered by use of this prospectus and other debt securities of JPMorgan Chase may not be sufficient to repay all or part of the principal amount and interest on the debt securities and those other securities. To date, the FDIC has not formally adopted a single point of entry resolution strategy and it is not obligated to follow such a strategy in a Title II resolution of JPMorgan Chase.

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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

General

Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized, without further stockholder action, to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $1 par value per share, in one or more series, and to determine the voting powers and the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of each series. We may amend our certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of preferred stock in a manner permitted by our certificate of incorporation and the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). As of the date of this prospectus, we have the following issued and outstanding series of preferred stock, the terms of each of which we summarize below:

We will describe the particular terms of any series of preferred stock being offered in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock. Those terms may include:

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If the terms of any series of preferred stock being offered differ from the terms set forth below, we will also disclose those different terms in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock. The following summary is not complete. You should also refer to our certificate of incorporation and to the certificate of designations relating to the series of the preferred stock being offered for the complete terms of that series of preferred stock. A form of certificate of designations is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. We will file the certificate of designations with respect to the particular series of preferred stock being offered with the SEC promptly after the offering of that series of preferred stock.

The preferred stock will, when issued against full payment of the purchase price relating to a series of preferred stock, be fully paid and nonassessable. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our business, each series of preferred stock being offered will have the same rank as to dividends and distributions as our currently outstanding preferred stock and each other series of preferred stock we may offer in the future by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. The preferred stock will have no preemptive rights.

Dividend Rights

Holders of the preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors or any duly authorized committee of our board, cash dividends at the rates and on the dates set forth in the prospectus supplement. Dividend rates may be fixed or variable or both. Different series of preferred stock may be entitled to dividends at different dividend rates or based upon different methods of determination. We will pay each dividend to the holders of record as they appear on our stock register (or, if applicable, the records of the depositary referred to under “Description of Depositary Shares”) on record dates determined by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board. Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative, as specified in the prospectus supplement. If a dividend is not declared on any series of preferred stock for which dividends are noncumulative, then the right of holders of that preferred stock to receive that dividend will be lost, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend for that dividend period, whether or not dividends are declared for any future dividend period.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each series of preferred stock that we offer by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will provide that we may not declare or pay or set aside for payment full dividends on any series of preferred stock ranking, as to dividends, equally with or junior to the series of preferred stock we are offering unless we have previously declared and paid or set aside for payment, or we contemporaneously declare and pay or set aside for payment, full dividends (including cumulative dividends still owing, if any) on the series of preferred stock we are offering for, in the case of a series of noncumulative preferred stock, the most recently completed dividend period, or, in the case of a series of cumulative preferred stock, all past dividend periods. If we fail to pay dividends in full as stated above, we may only declare dividends on equally ranking series of preferred stock pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share on the series of preferred stock we are offering and the equally ranking series bear to each other the same ratio that accumulated and unpaid dividends per share on the series being offered and the other series bear to each other. We will not pay interest or any sum of money instead of interest in respect of any dividend that is not declared, or if declared is not paid, on any series of preferred stock we are offering.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock we offer by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will also provide that, unless we have paid or declared and set aside a sum sufficient for the payment thereof, in the case of a series of noncumulative preferred stock, full dividends on all outstanding shares of that preferred stock in respect of the most recently completed dividend period, or, in the case of a series of cumulative preferred stock, full dividends, including cumulative dividends, if any, owing on that preferred stock for all past dividend periods:

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However, the foregoing will not restrict our ability or the ability of any of our affiliates to engage in underwriting, stabilization, market-making or similar transactions in our capital stock in the ordinary course of business. Subject to the conditions described above, and not otherwise, dividends (payable in cash, capital stock, or otherwise), as may be determined by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, may be declared and paid on our common stock and any other capital stock ranking junior to or on a parity with the preferred stock being offered from time to time out of any assets legally available for such payment, and the holders of the preferred stock being offered will not be entitled to participate in those dividends.

As used in this prospectus, “junior to the preferred stock being offered” and like terms refer to our common stock and any other class or series of our capital stock over which the preferred stock being offered has preference or priority, either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or both, as the context may require; “parity preferred stock” and “on a parity with the preferred stock being offered” and like terms refer to any class or series of our capital stock that ranks on a parity with the shares of the preferred stock being offered, either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or both, as the context may require; and “senior to the preferred stock being offered” and like terms refer to any class or series of our capital stock that ranks senior to the preferred stock being offered, either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or both, as the context may require.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will compute the amount of dividends payable by annualizing the applicable dividend rate and dividing by the number of dividend periods in a year, except that the amount of dividends payable for any period greater or less than a full dividend period, other than the initial dividend period, will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months and, for any period less than a full month, the actual number of days elapsed in the period. Dollar amounts resulting from that calculation will be rounded to the nearest cent, with one-half cent being rounded upward.

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Rights Upon Liquidation

In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of each series of preferred stock that we offer by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will be entitled to receive and to be paid out of our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders the amount set forth in the prospectus supplement plus, in the case of a series of noncumulative preferred stock, an amount equal to any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of undeclared dividends, if any, from the day following the immediately preceding dividend payment date, to, but not including, the date of the liquidating distribution, but without accumulation of any unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods, or, in the case of a series of cumulative preferred stock, an amount equal to any accumulated and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before we make any payment or distribution on our common stock or on any other capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement, and any stock having the same rank as that series of preferred stock upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up. After the payment to such holders of the full preferential amounts to which they are entitled, such holders will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets.

If, upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, we fail to pay in full the amounts payable with respect to preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement, and any stock having the same rank as that series of preferred stock, the holders of the preferred stock and of that other stock will share ratably in any such distribution of our assets in proportion to the full respective distributions to which they are entitled. For any series of preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement, neither the sale of all or substantially all of our property or business, nor our merger or consolidation into or with any other entity will be considered a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up.

Redemption

The applicable prospectus supplement will indicate whether the series of preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement is subject to redemption, in whole or in part, whether at our option or mandatorily and whether or not pursuant to a sinking fund. The redemption provisions that may apply to a series of preferred stock offered, including the redemption dates, the redemption prices for that series and whether those redemption prices will be paid in cash, stock or a combination of cash and stock, will be set forth in the prospectus supplement. If the redemption price is to be paid only from the proceeds of the sale of our capital stock, the terms of the series of preferred stock may also provide that, if our capital stock is not sold or if the amount of cash received is insufficient to pay in full the redemption price then due, the series of preferred stock will automatically be converted into shares of the applicable capital stock pursuant to conversion provisions specified in the prospectus supplement.

If we are redeeming fewer than all the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any series, whether by mandatory or optional redemption, our board of directors or any duly authorized committee of our board will determine the method for selecting the shares to be redeemed, which (unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement) may be by lot or pro rata or in such other manner as the board of directors or any duly authorized committee of our board determines to be equitable. From and after the redemption date, dividends will cease to accumulate on the shares of preferred stock called for redemption up to the redemption date and all rights of the holders of those shares, except the right to receive the redemption price, will cease.

In the event that we fail to pay full dividends, including accumulated but unpaid dividends, if any, on any series of preferred stock offered, we may not redeem that series in part and we may not purchase or acquire any shares of that series of preferred stock, except by a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to all holders of that series of preferred stock.

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Conversion Rights

The prospectus supplement will state the terms, if any, on which shares of the series of preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement are convertible into shares of our common stock or other securities. As described under “— Redemption” above, under certain circumstances, preferred stock may be mandatorily convertible into our common stock or another series of our preferred stock.

Voting Rights

Except as indicated below or in the applicable prospectus supplement, or except as expressly required by applicable law, the holders of the preferred stock offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will not be entitled to vote. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, each share of preferred stock of each series will be entitled to one vote on matters on which holders of that series of preferred stock are entitled to vote. However, as more fully described under “Description of Depositary Shares,” if we use this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement to offer depositary shares representing a fractional interest in a share of a series of preferred stock, each depositary share, in effect, will be entitled to that fraction of a vote, rather than a full vote. If (unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement) each full share of any series of preferred stock offered is entitled to one vote, the voting power of that series will depend on the number of shares in that series, and not on the aggregate liquidation preference or initial offering price of the shares of that series of preferred stock.

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, if, at any time or times, the equivalent of an aggregate of six quarterly dividends, whether or not consecutive, for any series of preferred stock being offered has not been paid, the number of directors constituting our board of directors will be automatically increased by two and the holders of each outstanding series of preferred stock with such voting rights, together with holders of such other shares of any other class or series of parity preferred stock outstanding at the time upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, which we refer to as “voting parity stock,” voting together as a class, will be entitled to elect those additional two directors, which we refer to as “preferred directors,” at that annual meeting and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders until full dividends have been paid for at least four quarterly consecutive dividend periods. At that time such right will terminate, except as expressly provided in the applicable certificate of designations or by law, subject to revesting. Upon any termination of the right of the holders of shares of preferred stock being offered and voting parity stock as a class to vote for directors as provided above, the preferred directors will cease to be qualified as directors, the term of office of all preferred directors then in office will terminate immediately and the authorized number of directors will be reduced by the number of preferred directors elected. Any preferred director may be removed and replaced at any time, with cause as provided by law or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of preferred stock voting together as a class with the holders of shares of voting parity stock, to the extent the voting rights of such holders described above are then exercisable. Any vacancy created by removal with or without cause may be filled only as described in the preceding sentence. If the office of any preferred director becomes vacant for any reason other than removal, the remaining preferred director may choose a successor who will hold office for the unexpired term in respect of which such vacancy occurred.

So long as any shares of the preferred stock being offered remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in voting power of the preferred stock being offered and any voting parity stock, voting together as a class, authorize, create or issue any capital stock ranking senior to the preferred stock being offered as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or reclassify any authorized capital stock into any such shares of such capital stock or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares of capital stock. So long as any shares of the preferred stock being offered remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in voting power of the preferred stock being offered, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the applicable certificate of designations or our certificate of incorporation, including by merger, consolidation or otherwise, so as to adversely affect the powers, preferences or special rights of the preferred stock being offered.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the following will be deemed to adversely affect the powers, preferences or special rights of the preferred stock being offered:

provided that if the amendment would adversely affect such series but not any other series of outstanding preferred stock, then the amendment will only need to be approved by holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of the series of preferred stock adversely affected.

Under regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, if the holders of any series of our preferred stock become entitled to vote for the election of directors because dividends on that series are in arrears, that series may then be deemed a “class of voting securities.” In such a case, a holder of 25% or more of the series, or a holder of 5% or more if that holder would also be considered to exercise a “controlling influence” over JPMorgan Chase, may then be subject to regulation as a bank holding company in accordance with the Bank Holding Company Act. In addition, (1) any other bank holding company may be required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board to acquire or retain 5% or more of that series, and (2) any person other than a bank holding company may be required to provide notice to the Federal Reserve Board prior to acquiring or retaining 10% or more of that series.

Outstanding Series of Preferred Stock

Ranking . Each of our Series I Preferred Stock, Series P Preferred Stock, Series Q Preferred Stock, Series R Preferred Stock, Series S Preferred Stock, Series U Preferred Stock, Series V Preferred Stock, Series W Preferred Stock, Series X Preferred Stock, Series Y Preferred Stock, Series Z Preferred Stock, Series AA Preferred Stock, Series BB Preferred Stock, Series CC Preferred Stock, Series DD Preferred Stock and Series EE Preferred Stock (each as defined below, and collectively, the “Outstanding Preferred Stock”) ranks senior to our common stock as well as any of our other stock that states it is expressly made junior to such series of Outstanding Preferred Stock as to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up.

Dividends . We may not declare or pay or set apart for payment full dividends on any series of preferred stock ranking, as to dividends, equally with or junior to the Outstanding Preferred Stock unless we have previously declared and paid or set apart for payment full dividends on the Outstanding Preferred Stock for the most recently completed dividend period. When dividends are not paid in full on the Outstanding Preferred Stock and any series of preferred stock ranking equally as to dividends, all dividends upon the Outstanding Preferred Stock and such equally ranking series will be declared and paid pro rata.

With certain exceptions, unless we have paid or declared and set aside for payment full dividends on the Outstanding Preferred Stock for the most recently completed dividend period, we will not:

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Rights Upon Liquidation . In the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our business and affairs, either voluntarily or involuntarily, holders of the Outstanding Preferred Stock of each series will be entitled to receive liquidating distributions equal to the liquidation preference per share for such series, plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of undeclared dividends, before we make any distribution of assets to the holders of our common stock or any other class or series of shares ranking junior to the Outstanding Preferred Stock of such series.

Redemption . We may redeem each series of Outstanding Preferred Stock on the dates and at the redemption prices set forth below. In addition, we may redeem each series of Outstanding Preferred Stock (other than the Series I Preferred Stock) in whole, but not in part, at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference per share for each such series of Outstanding Preferred Stock, plus any declared and unpaid dividends, following the occurrence of a capital treatment event. For these purposes, “capital treatment event” means the good faith determination by JPMorgan Chase that, as a result of any:

there is more than an insubstantial risk that JPMorgan Chase will not be entitled to treat an amount equal to the full liquidation amount of all shares of such series of Outstanding Preferred Stock then outstanding as “additional Tier 1 capital” (or its equivalent) for purposes of the capital adequacy guidelines or regulations of the appropriate federal banking agency, as then in effect and applicable, for as long as any share of such series of Outstanding Preferred Stock is outstanding. Redemption of any Outstanding Preferred Stock is subject to our receipt of any required approvals from the Federal Reserve Board or any other regulatory authority.

Voting Rights . The Outstanding Preferred Stock has limited voting rights. Each share of Outstanding Preferred Stock has one vote whenever it is entitled to voting rights.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I

On April 23, 2008, we issued 600,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series I Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series I Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, April 30, 2018 at a rate of 7.90% per annum, payable semi-annually, in arrears, on April 30 and October 30 of each year, beginning on October 30, 2008. From and including April 30, 2018, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or such committee thereof at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.47% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on January 30, April 30, July 30 and October 30 of each year. Dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

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Redemption . The Series I Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after April 30, 2018, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. On October 30, 2018, we redeemed 169,925 of the outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock.

5.45% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series P

On February 5, 2013, we issued 90,000 shares of 5.45% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series P, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series P Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series P Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series P Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 5.45% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2013. Dividends on the Series P Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series P Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after March 1, 2018, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series P Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event”, as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Q

On April 23, 2013, we issued 150,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Q, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series Q Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series Q Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series Q Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, May 1, 2023 at a rate of 5.15% per annum, payable semi-annually, in arrears, on May 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on November 1, 2013. From and including May 1, 2023, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.25% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2023. Dividends on the Series Q Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series Q Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after May 1, 2023, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series Q Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event”, as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series R

On July 29, 2013, we issued 150,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series R, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series R Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series R Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series R Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, August 1, 2023 at a rate of 6.00% per annum, payable semi-annually, in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2014. From and including August 1, 2023, dividends will be paid when, as, and if

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declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.30% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on November 1, 2023. Dividends on the Series R Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series R Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after August 1, 2023, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series R Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event”, as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S

On January 22, 2014, we issued 200,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series S Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series S Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series S Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, February 1, 2024 at a rate of 6.750% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2014. From and including February 1, 2024, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.78% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on May 1, 2024. Dividends on the Series S Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series S Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after February 1, 2024, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series S Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series U

On March 10, 2014, we issued 100,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series U, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series U Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series U Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series U Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, April 30, 2024 at a rate of 6.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on April 30 and October 30 of each year, beginning on October 30, 2014. From and including April 30, 2024, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.33% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on January 30, April 30, July 30 and October 30 of each year, beginning on July 30, 2024. Dividends on the Series U Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series U Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after April 30, 2024, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series U Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series V

On June 9, 2014, we issued 250,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series V, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series V Preferred Stock”).

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Shares of the Series V Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series V Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, July 1, 2019 at a rate of 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2015. From and including July 1, 2019, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.32% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2019. Dividends on the Series V Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series V Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after July 1, 2019, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series V Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

6.30% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series W

On June 23, 2014 and June 27, 2014, we issued an aggregate of 88,000 shares of 6.30% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series W, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series W Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series W Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series W Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 6.30% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2014. Dividends on the Series W Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series W Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after September 1, 2019, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series W Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series X

On September 23, 2014, we issued 160,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series X, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series X Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series X Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series X Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, October 1, 2024 at a rate of 6.10% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2015. From and including October 1, 2024, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.33% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2025. Dividends on the Series X Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series X Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after October 1, 2024, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series X Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

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6.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Y

On February 12, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 143,000 shares of 6.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Y, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series Y Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series Y Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series Y Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 6.125% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2015. Dividends on the Series Y Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series Y Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after March 1, 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series Y Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Z

On April 21, 2015, we issued 200,000 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Z, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series Z Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series Z Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series Z Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, May 1, 2020 at a rate of 5.30% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on May 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on November 1, 2015. From and including May 1, 2020, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.80% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2020. Dividends on the Series Z Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series Z Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after May 1, 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series Z Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

6.10% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series AA

On June 4, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 142,500 shares of 6.10% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series AA, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series AA Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series AA Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series AA Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 6.10% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2015. Dividends on the Series AA Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series AA Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after September 1, 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series AA Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

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6.15% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series BB

On July 29, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 115,000 shares of 6.15% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series BB, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series BB Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series BB Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series BB Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 6.15% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2015. Dividends on the Series BB Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series BB Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after September 1, 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series BB Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series CC

On October 20, 2017, we issued 125,750 shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series CC, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series CC Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series CC Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a one-tenth interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends . Dividends on the Series CC Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, from the date of issuance to, but excluding, November 1, 2022 at a rate of 4.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on May 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on May 1, 2018. From and including November 1, 2022, dividends will be paid when, as, and if declared by our board or such committee at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 2.58% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2023. Dividends on the Series CC Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption . The Series CC Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after November 1, 2022, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series CC Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD

On September 21, 2018, we issued an aggregate of 169,625 shares of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series DD Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series DD Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends.   Dividends on the Series DD Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 5.75% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2018. Dividends on the Series DD Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption.   The Series DD Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after December 1, 2023, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series DD Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

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6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE

On January 24, 2019, we issued an aggregate of 185,000 shares of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE, $1 par value, with a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (the “Series EE Preferred Stock”). Shares of the Series EE Preferred Stock are represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in a share of preferred stock of the series.

Dividends.   Dividends on the Series EE Preferred Stock are payable when, as, and if declared by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board, at a rate of 6.00% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2019. Dividends on the Series EE Preferred Stock are neither mandatory nor cumulative.

Redemption.   The Series EE Preferred Stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after March 1, 2024, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $10,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share), plus any declared and unpaid dividends. We may also redeem the Series EE Preferred Stock following the occurrence of a “capital treatment event,” as described above.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

General. We may, at our option, elect to offer depositary shares representing fractional interests in shares of preferred stock. If we do, we will arrange the issuance by a depositary of receipts for depositary shares, and each of those depositary shares will represent a fractional interest in a share of a particular series of preferred stock. We will specify that fractional interest in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The shares of any series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a depositary selected by us. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable fractional interest in the share of preferred stock underlying that depositary share, to all the powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock underlying that depositary share, in proportion to the applicable fractional interest in a share of the preferred stock which those depositary shares represent. Those rights include dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued under the deposit agreement. The depositary will issue depositary receipts to those persons who purchase the fractional interests in the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares, in accordance with the terms of the offering. The following summary of the deposit agreement, the depositary shares and the depositary receipts is not complete. You should refer to the forms of the deposit agreement and depositary receipts that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement.

Dividends and Other Distributions. The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of related depositary receipts in proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by those holders.

If we make a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary receipts that are entitled to receive the distribution as nearly as practicable in proportion to the number of depositary shares held by each holder, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make the distribution. If this occurs, the depositary may, with our approval, adopt a method of distribution that it deems practicable, including the sale of the property and distribution of the net proceeds from the sale to the applicable holders of the depositary receipts.

Redemption of Depositary Shares. Upon redemption, in whole or in part, of shares of any series of preferred stock that are held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem, as of the same redemption date, the number of depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock so redeemed. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the applicable fraction of the redemption price per share payable with respect to that series of the preferred stock.

Depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be outstanding after the applicable redemption date, and all rights of the holders of those depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive any money, securities, or other property upon surrender to the depositary of the depositary receipts evidencing those depositary shares.

Voting the Preferred Stock. Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares representing that preferred stock. Each record holder of those depositary shares on the record date, which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock, will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of the preferred stock underlying that holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will try, to the extent practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock underlying those depositary shares in accordance with those instructions, and we will agree to take all action that the depositary deems necessary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will not vote the shares of preferred stock to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing the preferred stock.

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Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement. We and the depositary may amend the form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement at any time regarding any depositary shares offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary shares or would be materially and adversely inconsistent with the rights granted to holders of the underlying preferred stock pursuant to our certificate of incorporation will not be effective unless the amendment has been approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding. The deposit agreement may be terminated by us or by the depositary only if:

Charges of Depositary. We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements regarding any depositary shares offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. We will also pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary receipts will pay transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and other charges with respect to their depositary receipts as expressly provided in the deposit agreement.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary. The depositary for the depositary shares offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement may resign at any time by delivering a notice to us of its election to do so. We may remove the depositary at any time. Any such resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of its appointment. We must appoint a successor depositary within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal.

Miscellaneous. The depositary will forward to holders of depositary receipts all reports and communications from us that we deliver to the depositary and that we are required to furnish to the holders of the preferred stock.

Neither we nor the depositary will be liable if either of us is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond our control in performing our respective obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the depositary will be limited to performing in good faith our respective duties under the deposit agreement. Neither we nor the depositary will be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding relating to any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or upon information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons we believe to be competent, and on documents we believe to be genuine.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 9,000,000,000 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, we had 4,104,933,895 shares of common stock issued (excluding 829,167,674 shares held in treasury).

The following summary is not complete. You should refer to the applicable provisions of our certificate of incorporation and to the DGCL for a complete statement of the terms and rights of our common stock.

Dividends. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for payment, subject to the rights of holders of our preferred stock.

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Voting Rights. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of preferred stock under its applicable certificate of designations and applicable law, all voting rights are vested in the holders of shares of our common stock. Holders of shares of our common stock have noncumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect 100% of the directors and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share equally in any of our assets available for distribution after we have paid in full all of our debts and after the holders of all series of our outstanding preferred stock have received their liquidation preferences in full.

Miscellaneous. The issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of shares of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or to the benefit of any sinking funds. Our common stock is not convertible into shares of any other class of our capital stock. Computershare Inc is the transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursement agent for our common stock.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS

We may issue securities warrants for the purchase of debt securities, preferred stock or common stock. We may issue securities warrants independently or together with debt securities, preferred stock, common stock or other securities, other property or any combination of those securities in the form of units. Each series of securities warrants will be issued under a separate securities warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company (which may be the Bank), as warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable securities warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation to, or relationship of agency or trust for or with, any registered holders or beneficial owners of securities warrants. This summary of certain provisions of the securities warrants and the securities warrant agreement is not complete. You should refer to the securities warrant agreement relating to the specific securities warrants being offered, including the forms of securities warrant certificates representing those securities warrants, for the complete terms of the securities warrant agreement and the securities warrants. Forms of those documents are filed as exhibits to the registration statement.

Each securities warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of preferred stock or common stock at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. The exercise price may be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as set forth in the prospectus supplement. We will also specify in the prospectus supplement the place or places where, and the manner in which, securities warrants may be exercised. After the close of business on the expiration date of the securities warrants, unexercised securities warrants will become void.

Prior to the exercise of any securities warrants, holders of the securities warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the debt securities, preferred stock or common stock, as the case may be, that may be purchased upon exercise of those securities warrants, including, (1) in the case of securities warrants for the purchase of debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, and premium, if any, or interest, if any, on those debt securities or to enforce covenants in the senior indenture or subordinated indenture, as the case may be, or (2) in the case of securities warrants for the purchase of preferred stock or common stock, the right to receive payments of dividends, if any, on that preferred stock or common stock or to exercise any applicable right to vote.

DESCRIPTION OF CURRENCY WARRANTS

We have described below certain general terms and provisions of the currency warrants that we may offer. We will describe the particular terms of the currency warrants and the extent, if any, to which the general provisions described below do not apply to the currency warrants offered in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following summary is not complete. You should refer to the currency warrants and the currency

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warrant agreement relating to the specific currency warrants being offered for the complete terms of those currency warrants. Forms of those documents are filed as exhibits to the registration statement.

We will issue each issue of currency warrants under a currency warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company (which may be the Bank), as warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable currency warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation to, or relationship of agency or trust for or with, any holders of currency warrants.

We may issue currency warrants either in the form of:

As a prospective purchaser of currency warrants, you should be aware of special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to instruments such as the currency warrants. The prospectus supplement relating to each issue of currency warrants will describe those tax considerations.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue the currency warrants in the form of global currency warrant certificates, registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee. See “Book-Entry Issuance” below.

Each issue of currency warrants will be listed on a national securities exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance, as a condition of sale of that issue of currency warrants. In the event that the currency warrants are delisted from, or permanently suspended from trading on, the applicable national securities exchange, the expiration date for those currency warrants will be the date the delisting or trading suspension becomes effective, and currency warrants not previously exercised will be deemed automatically exercised on that expiration date. The applicable currency warrant agreement will contain a covenant from us that we will not seek to delist the currency warrants or suspend their trading on the applicable national securities exchange unless we have concurrently arranged for listing on another national securities exchange.

Currency warrants involve a high degree of risk, including risks arising from fluctuations in the price of the underlying currency, foreign exchange risks and the risk that the currency warrants will expire worthless. Further, the cash settlement value of currency warrants at any time prior to exercise or expiration may be less than the trading value of the currency warrants. The trading value of the currency warrants will fluctuate because that value is dependent, at any time, on a number of factors, including the time remaining to exercise the currency warrants, the relationship between the exercise price of the currency warrants and the price of the designated currency, and the exchange rate associated with the designated currency. Because currency warrants are unsecured obligations of JPMorgan Chase, changes in our perceived creditworthiness may also be expected to affect the trading prices of currency warrants. Finally, the amount of actual cash settlement of a currency warrant may vary as a result of fluctuations in the price of the designated currency between the time you give instructions to exercise the currency warrant and the time the exercise is actually effected.

As a prospective purchaser of currency warrants you should be prepared to sustain a loss of some or all of the purchase price of your currency warrants. You should also be experienced with respect to options and option transactions and should reach an investment decision only after careful consideration with your advisers of the suitability of the currency warrants in light of your particular financial circumstances. You should also consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of currency warrants being offered and to the other information regarding the currency warrants and the designated currency set forth in the prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units that will consist of any combination of debt securities, preferred stock, common stock and warrants issued by us, depositary shares representing preferred stock issued by us, debt obligations or other securities of an entity affiliated or not affiliated with us or other property. We may issue units in one or more series, which will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each series of units will be issued under a separate unit agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company (which may be the Bank), as unit agent. The below summary of certain provisions of the units and unit agreements is not complete. You should refer to the unit agreement for the complete terms of the unit agreement and the units. Forms of those documents will be filed as exhibits to or incorporated by reference in the registration statement.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date. We will describe the particular terms of any series of units being offered in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of units. Those terms may include:

The terms and conditions described under “Description of Debt Securities,” “Description of Preferred Stock,” “Description of Common Stock,” “Description of Securities Warrants” and “Description of Currency Warrants” will apply to each unit and to any debt securities, preferred stock, common stock or warrants issued by us, depositary shares representing preferred stock issued by us, debt obligations or other securities of an entity affiliated or not affiliated with us or other property included in each unit, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

An investment in units may involve special risks, including risks associated with indexed securities and currency-related risks if the securities comprising the units are linked to an index or are payable in or otherwise linked to a non-U.S. dollar currency.

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BOOK-ENTRY ISSUANCE

We may issue series of any securities as global securities and deposit them with a depositary with respect to that series for settlement and clearance through a book-entry settlement system, as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following is a summary of the depositary arrangements applicable to securities issued in permanent global form and for which The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) will act as depositary (the “global securities”).

Each global security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC, as depositary, or its nominee and registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Except under the limited circumstances described below, global securities will not be exchangeable for certificated securities.

Only institutions that have accounts with DTC or its nominee (“DTC participants”) or persons that may hold interests through DTC participants may own beneficial interests in a global security. DTC will maintain records evidencing ownership of beneficial interests by DTC participants in the global securities and transfers of those ownership interests. DTC participants will maintain records evidencing ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities by persons that hold through those DTC participants and transfers of those ownership interests within those DTC participants. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. You will not receive written confirmation from DTC of your purchase, but we do expect that you will receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of your holdings, from the DTC participant through which you entered the transaction. The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of those securities in certificated form. Those laws may impair your ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global security.

DTC has advised us that upon the issuance of a global security and the deposit of that global security with DTC, DTC will immediately credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts or number of shares represented by that global security to the accounts of DTC participants.

We will make payments on securities represented by a global security to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner and holder of the global security representing those securities. DTC has advised us that upon receipt of any payment on a global security, DTC will immediately credit accounts of DTC participants with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that security, as shown in the records of DTC. Standing instructions and customary practices will govern payments by DTC participants to owners of beneficial interests in a global security held through those DTC participants, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the sole responsibility of those DTC participants, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time.

None of JPMorgan Chase, the trustees, the depositary or any of our respective agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records of DTC, any nominee or any DTC participant relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial interests in a global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any of the records of DTC, any nominee or any DTC participant relating to those beneficial interests.

A global security is exchangeable for certificated securities registered in the name of a person other than DTC or its nominee only if:

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Any global security that is exchangeable as described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable in whole for certificated securities in registered form, and, in the case of global debt securities, of like tenor and of an equal aggregate principal amount as the global security, in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 (or in denominations and integral multiples as otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement). The registrar for the securities will register the certificated securities in the name or names instructed by DTC. We expect that those instructions may be based upon directions received by DTC from DTC participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global security. In the case of global debt securities, we will make payment of any principal and interest on the certificated securities and will register transfers and exchanges of those certificated securities at the corporate trust office of The Bank of New York Mellon or any successor paying agent that we may designate. However, we may elect to pay interest by check mailed to the address of the person entitled to that interest payment as of the record date, as shown on the register for the securities.

Except as provided above, as an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security, you will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of securities in certificated form and will not be considered a holder of securities for any purpose under either of the indentures. No global security will be exchangeable except for another global security of like denomination and tenor to be registered in the name of DTC or its nominee. Accordingly, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and the DTC participant through which you own your interest to exercise any rights of a holder under the global security or the applicable indenture.

We understand that, under existing industry practices, in the event that we request any action of holders, or an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security desires to take any action that a holder is entitled to take under the securities or the indentures, DTC would authorize the DTC participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to take that action, and those DTC participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through those DTC participants to take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through them.

DTC has advised us that DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

If specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, investors may elect to hold interests in the global securities deposited with DTC outside the United States through Clearstream Banking, S.A. (“Clearstream”) or Euroclear Bank SA/NV, as operator of the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”), if they are participants in those systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in those systems. Clearstream and Euroclear will hold interests on behalf of their participants through customers’ securities accounts in Clearstream’s and Euroclear’s names on the books of their respective depositaries. Those depositaries in turn hold those interests in customers’ securities accounts in the depositaries’ names on the books of DTC. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, The Bank of New York Mellon will act as depositary for each of Clearstream and Euroclear in the case of global debt securities.

Clearstream has advised us that it is incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg as a professional depositary. Clearstream holds securities for its participants and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its participants through electronic book-entry transfers between their accounts. Clearstream provides its participants with, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream interfaces with domestic securities markets in several countries through established depository and custodial relationships. As a professional depositary, Clearstream is subject to regulation by the Luxembourg Commission for the Supervision of the Financial Sector, also known as the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier . Clearstream participants are recognized financial institutions around the world, including underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. Clearstream’s participants in the United States are limited to securities brokers and dealers and banks. Indirect access to Clearstream is also available to other institutions such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with Clearstream participants.

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Distributions with respect to interests in global securities held through Clearstream will be credited to cash accounts of its customers in accordance with its rules and procedures, to the extent received by the U.S. depositary for Clearstream.

Euroclear has advised us that it was created in 1968 to hold securities for its participants and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Euroclear provides various other services, including securities lending and borrowing, and interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. Euroclear is operated by Euroclear Bank SA/NV under contract with Euroclear plc, a U.K. corporation. Euroclear participants include banks, including central banks, securities brokers and dealers and other professional financial intermediaries. Indirect access to Euroclear is also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Euroclear participant, either directly or indirectly.

Distributions with respect to interests in global securities held beneficially through Euroclear will be credited to the cash accounts of Euroclear participants in accordance with Euroclear’s terms and conditions and operating procedures and applicable Belgian law, to the extent received by the U.S. depositary for Euroclear.

Global Clearance and Settlement Procedures

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement with respect to a particular series of global securities, initial settlement for global securities will be made in immediately available funds. DTC participants will conduct secondary market trading with other DTC participants in the ordinary way in accordance with DTC rules. Thereafter, secondary market trades will settle in immediately available funds using DTC’s same day funds settlement system.

If the prospectus supplement specifies that interests in the global securities may be held through Clearstream or Euroclear, Clearstream customers and/or Euroclear participants will conduct secondary market trading with other Clearstream customers and/or Euroclear participants in the ordinary way in accordance with the applicable rules and operating procedures of Clearstream and Euroclear. Thereafter, secondary market trades will settle in immediately available funds.

Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly through DTC on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through Clearstream customers or Euroclear participants, on the other, will be effected in DTC in accordance with DTC’s rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system by the U.S. depositary for that system; however, those cross-market transactions will require delivery by the counterparty in the relevant European international clearing system of instructions to that system in accordance with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines (European time). The relevant European international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to the U.S. depositary for that system to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving interests in global securities in DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to DTC. Clearstream customers and Euroclear participants may not deliver instructions directly to DTC.

Because of time-zone differences, credits of interests in global securities received in Clearstream or Euroclear as a result of a transaction with a DTC participant will be made during subsequent securities settlement processing and will be credited the business day following the DTC settlement date. Those credits or any transactions in global securities settled during that processing will be reported to the relevant Euroclear participants or Clearstream customers on that business day. Cash received in Clearstream or Euroclear as a result of sales of interests in global securities by or through a Clearstream customer or a Euroclear participant to a DTC participant will be received with value on the DTC settlement date but will be available in the relevant Clearstream or Euroclear cash account only as of the business day following settlement in DTC.

Although DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear have agreed to the procedures described above in order to facilitate transfers of interests in global securities among DTC participants, Clearstream and Euroclear, they are under no obligation to perform those procedures and those procedures may be discontinued at any time.

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Special Provisions Relating to Certain Foreign Currency Securities

If specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, book-entry securities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars may be held directly through participants in the systems of Clearstream or Euroclear, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Such securities will be issued in the form of one or more global certificates (the “international global securities”), which will be registered in the name of a nominee for, and shall be deposited with, a common depositary for Clearstream and/or Euroclear. If a particular tranche or series of securities is issued utilizing both a global security and an international global security, in order to allow transfers between account holders utilizing the different book-entry systems the registrar will adjust the amounts of the global securities on the register for the accounts of the nominees for the respective systems.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, with respect to an international global security, distributions of principal and interest for a global debt security and dividends for a global equity security will be credited, in the specified currency, to the extent received by Clearstream or Euroclear, to the cash accounts of Clearstream or Euroclear customers in accordance with the relevant system’s rules and procedures. If the prospectus supplement provides for both a global security and an international global security or if a beneficial interest in a global security is held by a participant in Clearstream or Euroclear, then a holder of a beneficial interest in a global security will receive all payments in U.S. dollars in accordance with DTC’s rules and procedures, unless it has, or participants through which it holds its beneficial interest have, made other arrangements.

Relationship of Accountholders with Clearing Systems

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each of the persons shown in the records of Clearstream, Euroclear or any other clearing system as the holder of the securities represented by the global securities must look solely to Clearstream or Euroclear for such holder’s share of each payment made by or on behalf of JPMorgan Chase to Clearstream or Euroclear, and in relation to all other rights arising under the global securities, subject to and in accordance with the respective rules and procedures of Clearstream or Euroclear. Such persons shall have no claim directly against JPMorgan Chase in respect of payments due on the securities for so long as the securities are represented by global securities and such obligations of JPMorgan Chase will be discharged by payment to Clearstream or Euroclear in respect of each amount so paid.

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