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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2019

Registration No. 333-230207

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

The Federal Republic of Germany
  5961   N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (IRS Employer
Identification Number)

Charlottenstraße 4

10969 Berlin, Germany

+49 (30) 398 20 34 51

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Puglisi & Associates

850 Library Avenue, Suite 204

Newark, Delaware 19711

+1 (302) 738 6680

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies of all communications, including communications

sent to agent for service, should be sent to:

 

Krystian M. Czerniecki
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
Neue Mainzer Straße 52
60311 Frankfurt, Germany
+49 (69) 4272 5200
  Oliver Seiler
David C. Boles
Latham & Watkins (London) LLP
99 Bishopsgate
London EC2M 3XF
United Kingdom
+44 (20) 7710 1000

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public : As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company.  ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

 

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered (1)
  Amount to be
Registered (2)
  Proposed Maximum
Offering Price per
Share (3)
  Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price (3)
  Amount of
Registration Fee (4)

Ordinary Shares, no par value

  31,050,000   $8.00   $248,400,000   $31,106.08

 

 

(1)

American depositary shares (“ADSs”), evidenced by American depositary receipts issuable upon deposit of the ordinary shares registered hereby will be registered under a separate registration statement on Form F-6. Each ADS represents two ordinary shares.

(2)

Includes additional shares, represented by ADSs that the underwriters have the option to purchase.

(3)

Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the amount of registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(4)

Of this amount, $12,120 has previously been paid.

 

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Issued March 28, 2019

 

LOGO

13,500,000 American Depositary Shares

Representing 27,000,000 Ordinary Shares

 

 

Jumia is offering 13,500,000 ADSs. This is our initial public offering, and no public market currently exists for our ordinary shares or ADSs. We anticipate that the initial public offering price of the ADSs will be between $13.00 and $16.00 per ADS.

 

 

Mastercard Europe SA has agreed to purchase €50.0 million of our ordinary shares in a concurrent private placement at a price per share equal to the euro equivalent of the initial public offering price per ordinary share.

Certain of our existing shareholders have the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value depending upon the initial public offering price and the number of shares placed in this offering. Assuming a placement of all offered ADSs at the midpoint of the price range, these existing shareholders may subscribe for 18,157,245 ordinary shares against payment of €18.2 million.

The chairperson of our supervisory board, Jonathan D. Klein, has indicated an interest in purchasing an aggregate of up to $1.0 million in ADSs in this offering at the initial public offering price.

 

 

We have been approved to list our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol “JMIA.”

 

 

We are both an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer.”

Investing in our ADSs involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 21.

 

 

PRICE $             PER ADS

 

 

 

      

Price to
Public

      

Underwriting
Discounts

and
Commissions (1)

      

Proceeds to
Jumia
Technologies AG

 

Per ADS

       $                              $                              $                      

Total

       $                              $                              $                      

 

(1)

See “Underwriters” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 13,500,000 ADSs, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 2,025,000 ADSs from us at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discount.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs to purchasers on                 , 2019.

 

 

 

MORGAN STANLEY   CITIGROUP     BERENBERG   RBC CAPITAL MARKETS

 

RAYMOND JAMES    STIFEL      WILLIAM BLAIR  

                , 2019


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LOGO

 

LOGO


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

About This Prospectus

     ii  

Presentation of Financial and Other Information

     ii  

Market and Industry Data

     iii  

Trademarks, Service Marks and Tradenames

     iii  

Prospectus Summary

     1  

The Offering

     13  

Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data

     17  

Risk Factors

     21  

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     71  

Use of Proceeds

     73  

Dividend Policy

     74  

Capitalization

     75  

Dilution

     76  

Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data

     79  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     83  
     Page  

Business

     102  

Regulatory Environment

     128  

Management

     131  

Principal Shareholders

     147  

Related Party Transactions

     150  

Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association

     154  

Description of American Depositary Shares

     174  

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     182  

Exchange Controls and Limitations Affecting Shareholders

     184  

Taxation

     185  

Underwriters

     199  

Concurrent Private Placement

     204  

Expenses of the Offering

     205  

Legal Matters

     206  

Experts

     207  

Enforcement of Civil Liabilities

     208  

Where You Can Find More Information

     209  

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-1  
 

 

For investors outside of the United States of America (“United States” or “U.S.”): Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the United States, where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside of the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our ADSs and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared, and neither we nor the underwriters take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information others may give you. We and the underwriters are not making an offer to sell, or seeking offers to buy, these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the ADSs.

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

We have historically conducted our business through Africa Internet Holding GmbH and its subsidiaries, and therefore our historical consolidated financial statements present the results of operations of Africa Internet Holding GmbH. On December 17 and 18, 2018, our shareholders resolved upon the change of our legal form into a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) and the change of our company name to Jumia Technologies AG. The change of our legal form and company name became effective upon registration with the commercial register of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, on January 31, 2019. Upon this change, the historical consolidated financial statements of Africa Internet Holding GmbH included in this registration statement became the historical consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG. Except where the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, the terms “Jumia,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” and “our business” refer to Jumia Technologies AG together with its consolidated subsidiaries as a consolidated entity.

The terms “dollar,” “USD” or “$” refer to U.S. dollars, and the terms “€” or “euro” refer to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of European economic and monetary union pursuant to the treaty establishing the European Community, as amended.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Unless otherwise indicated, the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Financial information in thousands or millions, and percentage figures in this prospectus have been rounded. Rounded total and sub-total figures in tables in this prospectus may differ marginally from unrounded figures indicated elsewhere in this prospectus or in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, rounded individual figures and percentages may not produce the exact arithmetic totals and sub-totals indicated elsewhere in this prospectus.

Key Terms and Performance Indicators Used in this Prospectus

Throughout this prospectus, we use a number of key terms and provide a number of key performance indicators used by management. These key performance indicators are discussed in more detail in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Performance Indicators.” We define these terms as follows:

Active Consumers means unique consumers who placed an order on our marketplace within the 12-month period preceding the relevant date, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

Active Sellers means unique sellers who received an order on our marketplace within the 12-month period preceding the relevant date, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

Gross Merchandise Value (“GMV”) corresponds to the total value of orders including shipping fees, value-added tax, and before deductions of any discounts or vouchers, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

Adjusted EBITDA corresponds to loss for the year, adjusted for income tax expense, finance income, finance costs, depreciation and amortization and further adjusted by share-based payment expense. Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for comparison of our business operations between current, past and future periods by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, a non-IFRS measure, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

 

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

We obtained the industry, market and competitive position data in this prospectus from our own internal estimates, surveys, and research as well as from publicly available information, industry and general publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties, including, but not limited to, the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”), Euromonitor International Limited (“Euromonitor”), the African Development Bank, the World Bank, the Central Intelligence Agency (“CIA”), GSMA, Ovum, the Alliance for Affordable Internet, IDC, the United Nations, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. None of the independent industry publications used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf.

Industry publications, research, surveys, studies and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in our forecasts or estimates or those of independent third parties.

Information sourced to independent industry research carried out by Euromonitor as part of its annual Passport research, the Retailing 2019 edition, B2C sales in RSP exclude VAT for 2018 data. Note that Senegal and Rwanda are modelled countries and are excluded from Euromonitor’s research coverage. Euromonitor makes no warranties about the fitness of this intelligence for investment decisions.

TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADENAMES

We have proprietary rights to trademarks used in this prospectus that are important to our business, many of which are registered under applicable intellectual property laws. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names referred to in this prospectus are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks, copyrights or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary may not contain all the information that may be important to you, and we urge you to read this entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections and our historical consolidated audited financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our ADSs.

Jumia

Our Mission

Our mission is to improve the quality of everyday life in Africa by leveraging technology to deliver innovative, convenient and affordable online services to consumers, while helping businesses grow as they use our platform to reach and serve consumers.

Overview

We are the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Our platform consists of our marketplace, which connects sellers with consumers, our logistics service, which enables the shipment and delivery of packages from sellers to consumers, and our payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active on our platform in selected markets.

We are active in six regions in Africa, which consist of 14 countries that together accounted for 72% of Africa’s GDP of €2 trillion, and 74% of African consumer expenditure of €1.4 trillion in 2018, according to the IMF and Euromonitor, respectively. Though still nascent, we believe that e-commerce in Africa is well positioned to grow. In 2018, less than 1% of retail sales for countries measured in our footprint in Africa were conducted online, compared to nearly 24% in China, according to Euromonitor.

We intend to benefit from the expected growth of e-commerce in Africa through the investments that we have made and the extensive local expertise that we have developed since our founding in 2012. Through our operations, we have developed a deep understanding of the economic, technical, geographic and cultural complexities that are unique to Africa, and which vary from country to country. We believe that our deep understanding has enabled us to create solutions that address the needs and preferences of our sellers and consumers in the most comprehensive and efficient way. We possess extensive local knowledge of the logistics and payment landscapes in the markets in which we operate, which we consider to be a key component of the success of our company. In addition, we take full advantage of the mobile-centric aspects of the African market by having adopted a “mobile-first” approach in our product development and marketing efforts, which allows us to expand the audience for our goods and services, increase engagement and conversion and reduce our consumer acquisition costs.

On our marketplace, a large and diverse group of sellers offer goods in a wide range of categories, such as fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living, consumer packaged goods, beauty and perfumes and other electronics. We also provide consumers with easy access to a number of services, such as restaurant food delivery, hotel and flight booking, classified advertising, airtime recharge and “instant delivery.” On our platform, we had 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and a total of 4.0 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2018. We believe that the number and quality of sellers on our marketplace, and the breadth of their respective offerings, attract more consumers to our platform, increasing traffic and orders, which in turn attracts even more sellers to Jumia, creating powerful network effects. Our marketplace operates with limited inventory risk, as the goods sold by sellers via our marketplace are predominantly sold by third-party sellers, meaning the cost of inventory remains with the seller. In 2018, approximately 90% of the items sold



 

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on our marketplace were offered by third-party sellers, while we sold the remaining 10% of items directly in order to enhance consumer experience in key categories and regions.

Our logistics service, Jumia Logistics, facilitates the delivery of goods in a convenient and reliable way. It consists of a large network of leased warehouses, pick up stations for consumers and drop-off locations for sellers and more than 100 local third-party logistics service providers, whom we integrate and manage through our proprietary technology, data and processes. In certain cities, where we believe it is beneficial to enhance our logistics service, we also operate our own last-mile fleet. In 2018, Jumia Logistics handled 13.4 million packages, and over 92% of our deliveries in 2018 were made by fully integrated partners using our technology and processes.

Traditionally, consumers across Africa rely on cash to transact. We have designed our payment service, JumiaPay, to facilitate online transactions between participants on our platform, with the intention of integrating additional financial services in the future. We introduced JumiaPay in four markets, including Nigeria in 2016 and Egypt in 2018, through agreements with locally licensed sponsoring banks. JumiaPay has been adopted rapidly by consumers. In the fourth quarter of 2018, 54% of orders placed on our platform in Nigeria and Egypt were completed using JumiaPay. Our payment service app, Jumia One, also allows consumers to complete online payments, such as airtime recharge or utility payments, and provides our sellers with access to attractive financing solutions offered by our financial partners. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not monetize our payment services. In the future, we may decide to do so, including by opening up our payment services to third parties.

Our operations benefit from centralized decision-making and a uniform technology platform coupled with coordinated local presence. Our unified, scalable technology platform has been developed by our technology and data team, which is predominantly located in Portugal. This technology platform covers all relevant aspects of our operations, from data management, business intelligence, traffic optimization and consumer engagement to infrastructure, logistics and payments. We constantly collect and analyze data to help us optimize our operations, make our consumer experience more personal and relevant, and enable us and selected sellers and logistics partners to make informed real-time decisions. Our local teams in each of our countries of operations have access to, and may benefit from, the centralized data collection and analytics and are empowered to use the insights gained from our platform in order to take action locally.

Our business has grown substantially. As of December 31, 2018, we had 4.0 million Active Consumers, up from 2.7 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2017. Our GMV was €828.2 million in 2018, up from €507.1 million in 2017. GMV is the primary driver of our revenue. For sales by third-party sellers, we retain commissions based on the value of goods and services that such third parties sell to consumers via our marketplace, net of cancellations and returns. We also directly offer and sell goods in selected categories where we see unmet demand or the need to better control the consumer experience. On these first-party sales, we record the full sales price net of returns as revenue and earn a gross margin equal to the difference between the sales price and cost of goods sold. Our revenue was €130.6 million in 2018, up from €94.0 million in 2017.

Our gross profit increased by 62.1% from €28.2 million in 2017 to €45.7 million in 2018. Our gross profit less freight and shipping expense, a predominantly variable expense attributable to the delivery of orders, has been showing an improving trend and was positive in both 2017 and 2018, demonstrating our core unit economics as well as the benefits of our increasing scale. In addition, in Nigeria, which is our largest and most mature geographic market, our gross profit less fulfillment expense was positive 0.9% of GMV in the second half of 2018, up from negative 2.0% during the same period in 2017, demonstrating the operating leverage of our overall logistics platform. Our consolidated operating loss increased from €154.7 million in 2017 to €169.7 million in 2018, and our consolidated loss for the year increased from €165.4 million in 2017 to €170.4 million in 2018. As a percentage of GMV, our consolidated loss for the year decreased from negative 32.6% in 2017 to negative 20.6% in 2018.



 

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Our Market Opportunity

Attractive Fundamentals

Africa represents a large and growing consumer market that is positioned for growth, driven by the following key macroeconomic facts and trends:

 

   

Economic development : Spurred by strong global macroeconomic trends, Africa’s GDP is expected to grow by 6.0% in 2019 and at a 5.9% compound annual growth rate from 2018 to 2023, compared to 3.5% for major advanced economies (G7) and 5.6% globally, according to the IMF on a purchasing power parity basis. Aggregate private consumption in Africa grew at an average of 3.7% per annum from 2010 to 2016, and in 2010, 355 million people, or 34% of the population, were considered “middle class” according to the African Development Bank. By 2060 that number is expected to grow to 1.1 billion people or 42% of the population, representing an average annual growth of approximately 15 million people, according to the same source.

 

   

Infrastructure investments : Investments in infrastructure, which totaled over $62.5 billion in 2016, are key to this growth and led by both strong domestic and foreign direct investment, according to the African Development Bank.

 

   

Large, fast - growing and young population : While Africa comprised approximately 17% of the world’s population in 2018, approximately half of the world’s population growth between 2015 and 2050 is projected to be driven by Africa, according to the United Nations World Population Prospects Report from 2018. For example, Nigeria is projected to become the third most populated country in the world by 2050, after India and China, according to the same source. The average age across the continent was 19.4 years in 2015, more than ten years younger than the global average of 30.6 in 2018, according to the United Nations and the CIA World Factbook, respectively. We believe that this younger generation, born into an “online” world, is increasingly seeking access to a wider choice of food, consumer goods and entertainment options as it becomes increasingly connected to, and aware of, global consumer trends.

 

   

Increasing urbanization : Urban centers play a critical role in driving economic growth. As of 2018, only 43% of Africans lived in urban centers, compared to 82% in North America and 50% in Asia, according to the United Nations. However, 59% of Africans are expected to be living in urban areas by 2050, indicating an organic and migration-driven growth of over 970 million people to urban centers during that period, according to the same source. Infrastructure investments, which totaled over $62.5 billion in 2016, are key to this growth, and led by both strong domestic and foreign direct investment, according to the African Development Bank.

Increasing Internet Penetration

Africa is rapidly becoming a “connected” market, representing a large opportunity for internet-based businesses. Africa had an estimated 453 million internet users across the continent, 77% of whom lived in the regions in which we operate, as of the end of 2017 according to Internet World Stats, a site of the Miniwatts Marketing Group. Some of the key factors driving this evolution are:

 

   

Investments in mobile network infrastructure : Africa has emerged as a “mobile-first” market, in which many consumers access the internet for the first time using a mobile device. Investment in global information and communications technology infrastructure in Africa totaled over $1.6 billion in 2016, according to the African Development Bank, and telecommunication operators across the continent are committed to making additional significant investments in cellular network infrastructure in order to meet rising demand.



 

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Growing mobile internet penetration : Mobile broadband penetration in Africa, which was 32%, or 399 million subscribers in 2017, is expected to increase to 73% by 2022, according to the market research firm Ovum. This increase represents approximately 600 million new subscribers, bringing the total number of Africans with 3G or 4G connections to over 1 billion, according to the same source.

 

   

Increasing smartphone adoption: Smartphone penetration as a percentage of the total mobile connections in Africa (40% in 2017) is expected by Ovum to increase to 77% by 2022. The growth in smartphone adoption is driven by decreasing average selling prices and the availability of lower cost data plans, according to the Alliance for Affordable Internet and IDC, respectively. We believe that smartphones, with larger screens, more intuitive user interfaces and wider availability of apps are a strong driver of mobile e-commerce adoption.

Evolving Shopping Trends from Offline to Online

As Africa becomes more affluent and “connected,” we believe that African consumers will increasingly become aware of online shopping. Moreover, organized retail is underdeveloped across most of the continent, making the distribution of goods less efficient than in other regions in the world. Against this backdrop, we believe that e-commerce is an attractive alternative to the general lack of organized retail outlets. Across Africa, there are an estimated 17 million small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”) and merchants, demonstrating a large commerce market, accordingly to the World Bank Group Finances. We believe that the expansion and success of e-commerce solutions across Africa will be driven by the following factors:

 

   

Increasing consumer awareness and trust : Educating African consumers about the benefits of online shopping will be a key factor driving consumer adoption.

 

   

Availability and quality of logistics infrastructure : Many Africans live in areas that lack clear addresses, including in rural areas that are often far from the nearest warehouse or distribution center. As infrastructure continues to improve across Africa and urbanization rates increase, we expect increasing availability of reliable, high-quality and cost-effective delivery solutions that will be key enablers to contribute to the rise of e-commerce in Africa.

 

   

Consumer adoption of mobile and digital payments : Electronic payments in the form of mobile phone-based solutions, credit card, debit card or other similar methods are already an important form of payment in Africa. As of December 2016, there were 277 million mobile money accounts in Sub-Saharan Africa alone, more than those with a bank account, according to data from GSMA and the African Development Bank, respectively. Mobile payment enables these consumers to participate in the formal economy while enabling electronic payment of e-commerce orders, driving higher delivery success rate vs. cash transactions, thus increasing the overall efficiency of e-commerce.

Our Value Proposition

Our Value Proposition to Sellers

 

   

Access to a large and growing consumer base : We believe that our brand has become synonymous with online and mobile shopping in our markets, and we have built a logistics service that provides sellers with access to consumers across a wide delivery footprint. As a result, through our platform, local sellers can efficiently reach consumers across a particular country, and international sellers can efficiently reach a large number of consumers across most major markets in Africa.

 

   

Unique data : We offer our sellers a range of data and analytic services, helping them to more effectively tailor and customize their offerings and marketing efforts and improve their pricing and inventory management processes, leading to increased sales.



 

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Brand building : Many sellers have successfully built their own brand awareness and run brand promotions on our marketplace, embracing our platform as a way to distinguish their own brand identities and build their own brand awareness. Association with Jumia is an additional validating point for sellers and their brands.

 

   

Infrastructure support : Sellers rely on our platform for a range of essential support services to operate their businesses.

 

   

Financial services : Through our lending services, our sellers in selected markets have access to attractive financing solutions provided by third-party financial partners that sellers can use to expand their businesses.

Our Value Proposition to Consumers

 

   

Integrated ecosystem : Our marketplace offers consumers a broad selection of goods and services that address their everyday needs. They can purchase goods, order food delivery, book hotels or airline tickets, pay their utility bills, recharge their mobile plans, find a new job or sell an old car.

 

   

Selection, price and convenience : We believe that our platform is the largest e-commerce marketplace in Africa. With a total of 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and over 29.5 million product listings on our marketplace as of December 31, 2018, consumers have access to goods from a wide range of categories. Our marketplace includes high volume items as well as more niche, tailored and personalized goods that are often only available to consumers through our platform in the markets in which we operate. The large number of sellers on our marketplace, and the pricing transparency that is inherent to our platform, lead to competition among our sellers and attractive prices for our consumers.

 

   

Product quality and consumer protection : In order to provide a quality experience, we have implemented standards that encourage our sellers to make quality their priority, have established a sophisticated seller scoring program that rewards sellers that consistently offer high quality goods and that are responsive to consumer needs, and we have a policy to delist sellers who violate our defined standards and rules.

 

   

Secure and convenient payments : We have developed tools and processes to enable consumers who prefer not to use cashless payment to pay in cash on delivery for most transactions. We have also developed our own payment service, JumiaPay, in order to offer our consumers a safe, fast and easy payment solution, whether they shop using a desktop computer or a mobile device. JumiaPay is currently available in four markets.

 

   

Reliable and timely delivery : We have developed an integrated logistics service, Jumia Logistics, enabling us to fulfill and deliver orders even outside main urban centers in a timely and reliable manner.

Our Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to our success and position us well for future growth.

Strengths Related to Our Competitive Position

Pan - African leader . We believe that we are the only e-commerce business successfully operating across multiple regions in Africa. Our reach and capabilities position us as the preferred partner in Africa for sellers, from individuals to large global brands, and as the preferred shopping destination for consumers.



 

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Deep local expertise . Africa has unique economic, technical, geographic and cultural complexities that must be overcome in order to build a successful business. We operate exclusively in Africa and have invested significant resources to innovate and tailor our platform to reflect local market characteristics since our founding in 2012. We have developed a deep understanding of the needs and preferences of our sellers and consumers, and we possess extensive local knowledge of the logistics and payment landscapes in the markets in which we operate.

Trusted brand . Trust is critical in Africa, where people traditionally rely on face-to-face interaction. We believe that our targeted marketing efforts and consistent focus on delivering a high-quality seller and consumer experience have helped us to build a strong reputation and create a leading brand that consumers recognize and trust. Our brand is well known by consumers and sellers and is among the most recognizable in our regions of operation.

Integrated ecosystem driving consumer engagement . We have built an integrated consumer ecosystem around our marketplace, which allows us to maximize the lifetime value of our consumers by offering a broad selection of goods and services that address their everyday needs. This integrated ecosystem approach, combined with delivering all our goods and services under our recognized brands, allows us to have multiple touch points with our consumers, which leads to increased consumer engagement and time spent on our platform and higher consumer acquisition and engagement efficiency.

Leading seller platform that fuels powerful network effects . From large international brands to smaller local sellers, we are the go-to partner for e-commerce transactions in Africa. We offer sellers a wide variety of services, including integration to our platform, content production, pricing, sales and marketing services, payments, logistics and seller support. These services help our sellers to market, sell and deliver goods to consumers across Africa.

Powerful data insights. Our advanced technology platform enables us to collect significant amounts of data that in turn drives our proprietary algorithms, unlocking new capabilities and generating incremental value for our platform. Our data management system helps us run our business more efficiently and enables our sellers, consumers and partners to maximize the value of our platform.

Strengths Related to Our Business Model

Proven and efficient business model . We operate a marketplace that has proven successful in many non-African markets. Our operations center predominantly around our e-commerce marketplace. We typically hold limited inventory.

Scalable, asset - light logistics . We believe that Jumia Logistics is the leading e-commerce fulfillment and express delivery service in Africa. It seamlessly integrated more than 100 logistics partners across Africa as of December 31, 2018, offering sellers on our marketplace the benefits of a distributed and scalable logistics service and consumers more rapid access to the goods that they desire. Jumia Logistics is technology and data-centric and asset-light.

Efficient, centralized operational footprint . We centrally manage our operations, allowing for efficient decision making and planning. Our global technology center in Porto, Portugal, provides the centralized, unified technology backbone for our operations in our six regions.

Proprietary technology infrastructure . We have built a highly reliable and scalable technology infrastructure that can handle the large transaction volumes generated on our platform, and we continue to invest in technology to support the strong growth of our business and the ongoing evolution of our services. We believe that our comprehensive platform supports our ability to handle significant increases in traffic and the number of consumers, sellers and orders throughout the Jumia ecosystem.



 

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“Mobile - first” approach in a mobile - centric market. Our “mobile-first” approach to product development and marketing allows us to expand the audience for our goods and services, drive up engagement and convergence and reduce our consumer acquisition costs. We believe that we have developed a deep understanding of the shopping habits of mobile consumers in Africa and deliver the mobile experience to our consumers through three types of mobile technologies: native applications, progressive web applications and light browsers.

Founder - led management team . Our management team is led by our original founders, which gives us an outstanding combination of stability and a strong entrepreneurial corporate culture. Our corporate culture is central to our success and is based on core values shared by everyone at Jumia.

Our Growth Strategies

The key elements of our growth strategy include:

Continue to grow our business and leadership position across our current markets . We intend to leverage our e-commerce platform to continue to increase our consumer base in each of the markets in which we operate in order to continue growing our business. Favorable trends in our markets and a growing awareness of the Jumia brand, position us to unlock this potential and to increase the volume of transactions conducted on our platform.

Drive consumer adoption and usage of our marketplace through increased selection and consumer education . We will continue to focus on selection and convenience, critical drivers of consumer adoption and continuing loyalty in e-commerce, in order to further improve the attractiveness of our marketplace to consumers. Additionally, by delivering a positive online shopping experience and educating African consumers through targeted educational marketing campaigns, we intend to increase the number of consumers regularly transacting on our marketplace.

Continue to increase the number of sellers and level of seller engagement while increasing the monetization of our services . We intend to continue to invest in our seller platform, educate sellers on how to best leverage their online presence, improve the quality and usage of the data and marketing tools used by sellers and expand our seller financing program in order to continue to attract more sellers to our marketplace, assist these sellers in growing their businesses and encourage them to increase their assortments and decrease the prices of the goods that they sell. We also intend to increase the adoption of our seller services, such as marketing, data and business support services, leading to higher monetization.

Further develop Jumia Logistics in order to better serve consumers and drive economies of scale . We intend to use various strategies to increase the reliability of deliveries and shorten delivery times in order to increase convenience and ease of use of our marketplace and drive consumer loyalty. Increased economies of scale will enable us to reduce the delivery fees that we currently pass on to consumers and sellers. We also intend to expand Jumia Logistics to serve external consumers.

Increase the consumer adoption of JumiaPay . We plan to increase the consumer adoption of JumiaPay by making it available in more markets and leveraging the high level of trust that our consumers have for Jumia. We also aim to use JumiaPay as the cornerstone of our wider financial services platform that will be capable of providing consumers and sellers with a wide variety of investment, financing and insurance options from third-party financial institutions.

Build for the long term . Our current focus is on maintaining a leading position across existing product categories, services and markets while continuing to scale our business in order to improve our margins and reach profitability. However, we believe that attractive opportunities exist beyond our current areas of operations,



 

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such as expansion to new product categories, services and adjacent geographies, in some of which we have already started building our brand through expense-light classifieds websites that may provide us with additional avenues of growth in the future.

Selected Risks Associated with our Business, Operations and Financial Position

Our business is subject to numerous risks, as more fully described in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” You should read these risks before you invest in the ADSs. We may be unable, for many reasons, including those that are beyond our control, to implement our business strategy. In particular, risks associated with our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

we have incurred significant losses since inception and there is no guarantee that we will achieve or sustain profitability in the future;

 

   

we rely on external financing and may not be able to raise necessary additional capital on economically acceptable terms or at all;

 

   

our markets pose significant operational challenges that require us to expend substantial financial resources;

 

   

many of our countries of operation are, or have been, characterized by political instability or changes in regulatory or other government policies;

 

   

our business may be materially and adversely affected by an economic slowdown in any region of Africa;

 

   

currency volatility and inflation may materially adversely affect our business;

 

   

uncertainties with respect to the legal system in certain African markets could adversely affect us;

 

   

our business may be materially and adversely affected by violent crime or terrorism in any region of Africa;

 

   

growth of our business depends on an increase in internet penetration in Africa;

 

   

our business model depends on the continued growth of e-commerce in the markets in which we currently operate;

 

   

we face competition, which may intensify;

 

   

we may not be able to maintain our existing partnerships, strategic alliances or other business relationships or enter into new ones. We may have limited control over such relationships, and these relationships may not provide the anticipated benefits;

 

   

we may be unable to maintain and expand our relationships with sellers or to find additional sellers for our marketplace;

 

   

we may fail to maintain or grow the size of our consumer base or the level of engagement of our consumers;

 

   

we face challenges with failed deliveries, excessive returns, late collections, unrecoverable receivables and voucher abuse, which may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects;

 

   

we depend on third-party carriers as part of our fulfillment process;

 

   

our payment service could fail to function properly, and we may not be able to expand or integrate our payment service into other online portals;

 

   

any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our reputation and brand may adversely affect our business;



 

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we may fail to operate, maintain, integrate and upgrade our technology infrastructure, or to adopt and apply technological advances;

 

   

we may experience malfunctions or disruptions of our technology systems;

 

   

we may experience security breaches and disruptions due to hacking, viruses, fraud, malicious attacks and other circumstances;

 

   

we conduct a substantial amount of our business in foreign currencies, which heightens our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations; and

 

   

required licenses, permits or approvals may be difficult to obtain in the countries in which we currently operate, and once obtained may be amended or revoked arbitrarily or may not be renewed.

Corporate History and Recent Transactions

We have historically conducted our business through Africa Internet Holding GmbH, incorporated on June 26, 2012 as a limited liability company ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ) under German law. On December 17 and 18, 2018, our shareholders resolved upon the change of our legal form into a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) and the change of our company name to Jumia Technologies AG. The change of legal form and company name became effective upon registration with the commercial register of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, on January 31, 2019. The legal effect of the conversion on Africa Internet Holding GmbH under German law is limited to the change in the legal form. Africa Internet Holding GmbH was neither dissolved nor wound up, but continues its existence as the same legal entity with a new legal form and name. Upon this change, the historical consolidated financial statements of Africa Internet Holding GmbH included in this registration statement became the historical consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG.

On December 18, 2018, our then-existing shareholders entered into an investment agreement with a new investor, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH, pursuant to which the new investor agreed to provide additional capital in the aggregate amount of €75 million against issuance of ordinary shares based on an agreed pre-money valuation of €1.4 billion. As a result, we issued 7,105 shares (corresponding to 5,087,180 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to such new investor, which corresponded to 5.08% of the shares in the Company as of January 3, 2019. In connection with this financing round, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH was granted the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value, if an initial public offering of our shares or ADSs occurs within 18 months from the date of the investment agreement and the reference price is lower than the initial issue price (based on the agreed pre-money valuation corresponding to €14.74 per share) (the “Pernod Additional Shares”).

Pursuant to a shareholders agreement among us and our shareholders as of December 18, 2018, certain of our existing shareholders (i.e., AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., ELQ Investors VIII Limited, Atlas Countries Support S.A. and CDC Group Plc) were granted the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value to compensate for any dilution they may face upon the issuance of new shares (or other securities convertible into, or carrying the right to subscribe for, shares) below a weighted average price corresponding to €13.06 per share. The additional ordinary shares to be issued to certain of our shareholders, together with the Pernod Additional Shares, are referred to herein as the “Anti-Dilution Shares”.

The rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares pursuant to the investment agreement or the shareholders agreement will not be triggered if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs and will terminate upon completion of this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares.

Immediately prior to this offering, our existing shareholders held 100% of the shares in the Company. Upon completion of this offering, the concurrent private placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares as



 

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described in the preceding paragraphs (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs and assuming the subscription by our existing shareholders of the full number of Anti-Dilution Shares to which they are entitled), our existing shareholders will continue to beneficially own an aggregate of 77.3% of the shares in the Company.

Concurrent Private Placement

Mastercard Europe SA has agreed to purchase €50.0 million of our ordinary shares in a concurrent private placement at a price per share equal to the euro equivalent of the initial public offering price per ordinary share (the “Concurrent Private Placement”). Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and an assumed exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, this would be 7,810,364 ordinary shares (corresponding to 3,905,182 ADSs). We will receive the net proceeds from this Concurrent Private Placement. Mastercard has agreed to enter into a lock-up agreement with the underwriters for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus.

In connection with the Concurrent Private Placement, we entered into a commercial agreement with Mastercard Asia/Pacific Pte. Ltd. (together with its affiliates, “Mastercard Asia/Pacific”), an affiliate of Mastercard Europe SA. This commercial agreement has a term of ten years and provides Mastercard Asia/Pacific with priority in delivering payment network based solutions and technologies related to our business.

For more information, see “Concurrent Private Placement—Mastercard Europe SA.”

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany (“Germany”). Our telephone number is +49 (30) 398 20 34 51. Our website address is https://group.jumia.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus or in deciding whether to purchase our ADSs.

Enforcement of Civil Liabilities

We are a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) organized under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. Our registered offices and most of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, all of the members of our management board, three out of eight supervisory board members, our senior management and the experts named herein are residents of jurisdictions other than the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals or upon us or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws against us in the United States.

Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Germany. In addition, actions brought in a German court against us or the members of our management board and supervisory board, our senior management and the experts named herein to enforce liabilities based on U.S. federal securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions, in particular, German courts generally do not award punitive damages. For these and other reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a German court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, the members of our management board, supervisory board, our senior management and the experts named in this prospectus. Even if a judgment against our company, members of our management board, supervisory board, our senior management or the experts named in this prospectus based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in U.S. or German courts. See “Enforcement of Civil Liabilities.”



 

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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and is exempt from other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

 

   

the ability to include only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations disclosure;

 

   

an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);

 

   

to the extent that we no longer qualify as a foreign private issuer (1) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (2) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation, including golden parachute compensation; and

 

   

an exemption from compliance with the requirement that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has adopted regarding a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information, called “critical accounting matters,” about the audit and the financial statements.

We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years following the completion of this offering or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market capitalization of our shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. For example, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company that uses U.S. GAAP for financial reporting can use the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Given that we currently report and expect to continue to report under International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB (“IFRS”), we are not afforded this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required by the IASB. We have taken advantage of reduced reporting requirements in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold equity securities.

Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

Upon completion of this offering, we will report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including:

 

   

the rules under the Exchange Act requiring domestic filers to issue financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP;

 

   

the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;

 

   

the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and



 

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the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, containing unaudited financial and other specified information, and current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events.

We will file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.

We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.

Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain more extensive executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more extensive compensation disclosure requirements for companies that are neither an emerging growth company nor a foreign private issuer and will continue to be permitted to follow our home country practice on such matters.



 

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THE OFFERING

 

ADSs offered by us

13,500,000 ADSs, each representing two ordinary shares.

 

Ordinary shares sold by us in the Concurrent Private Placement

7,810,364 ordinary shares (corresponding to 3,905,182 ADSs), based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00.

 

Ordinary shares to be issued by us to certain existing shareholders in the form of Anti-Dilution Shares

18,157,245 ordinary shares (corresponding to 9,078,622 ADSs), based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, 13,500,000 ADSs placed in the initial public offering and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00.

Ordinary shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares

153,018,585 ordinary shares (157,068,585 ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs within 30 days of the date of this prospectus from us in full).

 

Option to purchase additional ADSs

We have granted the underwriters the option to purchase up to 2,025,000 additional ADSs representing 4,050,000 ordinary shares, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus.

 

Indication of interest

The chairperson of our supervisory board, Jonathan D. Klein, has indicated an interest in purchasing an aggregate of up to $1.0 million in ADSs in this offering at the initial public offering price. Because this indication of interest is not a binding agreement or commitment to purchase, Mr. Klein could determine to purchase more, less or no ADSs in this offering, or the underwriters could determine to sell less or no ADSs to Mr. Klein. The underwriters will receive the same discount on any of our ADSs purchased by Mr. Klein as they will from any other ADSs sold to the public in this offering.

 

American Depositary Shares

The underwriters will deliver our ordinary shares in the form of American depositary shares (“ADSs”). Each ADS, which may be evidenced by an American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”), represents two of our ordinary shares.

 

 

As an ADS holder, we will not treat you as one of our shareholders. The depositary, The Bank of New York Mellon, will be the holder of the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement. You may surrender your ADSs and withdraw the underlying ordinary shares as provided, and pursuant to the limitations set forth in, the deposit agreement. The depositary will



 

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charge you fees for, among other acts, any such surrender for the purpose of withdrawal. As described in the deposit agreement, we may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs, you agree to be bound by the terms of the deposit agreement then in effect. To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the “Description of American Depositary Shares” section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Depositary

The Bank of New York Mellon.

 

Custodian

The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV.

 

Concurrent Private Placement

Subject to completion of this offering, Mastercard Europe SA will purchase from us in the Concurrent Private Placement €50.0 million of our ordinary shares at a price per share equal to the euro equivalent of the initial public offering price per ordinary share. Mastercard Europe SA has agreed to enter into a lock-up agreement with the underwriters for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-Up Agreements” for additional information regarding such restrictions.

 

Anti-Dilution Shares

Subject to completion of this offering, certain of our existing shareholders are entitled to subscribe for additional ordinary shares against payment of the nominal value of €1.00 per share to compensate them for any dilution they may face upon the issuance of additional ordinary shares below certain reference prices.

 

  Specifically, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH was granted the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value, if an initial public offering of our shares or ADSs occurs within 18 months from the date of the investment agreement and the reference price is lower than the initial issue price (based on the agreed pre-money valuation corresponding to €14.74 per share). See “Related Party Transactions—Investment Agreement.”

 

  Pursuant to a shareholders agreement among us and our shareholders as of December 18, 2018, certain of our existing shareholders (i.e., AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., ELQ Investors VIII Limited, Atlas Countries Support S.A. and CDC Group Plc.) were granted the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value to compensate for any dilution they may face upon the issuance of new shares (or other securities convertible into, or carrying the right to subscribe for, shares) below a weighted average price corresponding to €13.06 per share. See “Related Party Transactions—Shareholders’ Agreement.”

 

 

The rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares pursuant to the investment agreement or the shareholders agreement will not be triggered if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase



 

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additional ADSs and will terminate upon completion of this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares.

 

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement will be $233.5 million after deducting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering and the Concurrent Private Placement that are payable by us.

 

  We estimate that the net proceeds from the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares will be $20.6 million, reflecting payment of the €1.00 nominal amount per ordinary share.

 

  We estimate that the total net proceeds from this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares will be $254.1 million.

 

  The estimated proceeds above are based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00.

 

  The principal reasons for this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, increase our public profile and awareness, create a public market for our ADSs and facilitate our future access to public equity markets. We have not quantified or allocated any specific portion or range of the net proceeds to us for any particular purpose. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Dividend policy

We have not paid any dividends on our ordinary shares since our inception, and we currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not anticipate that we will declare or pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Except as required by law, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our management board and supervisory board and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and other factors our management board and supervisory board deem relevant. See “Dividend Policy.”

 

Lock-up agreements

We have agreed with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. Members of our management board, the holders of all of our outstanding ordinary shares and the investor in the Concurrent Private Placement have agreed to and Jonathan D. Klein, to the extent that he actually purchases ADSs in this offering, will agree to, substantially similar 180-day lock-up provisions, subject to certain exceptions. See “Underwriters.”

 

Listing

We have been approved to list our ADSs on the NYSE under the symbol “JMIA.”


 

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Unless otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes or gives effect to:

 

   

the share capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) resolved upon by our shareholders on February 15, 2019, as described in “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association—Changes in Our Share Capital during the Last Three Fiscal Years;”

 

   

an initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus;

 

   

the issuance of 18,157,245 Anti-Dilution Shares (corresponding to 9,078,622 ADSs) to certain of our existing shareholders subsequent to the completion of this offering, based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00;

 

   

the issuance of 7,810,364 ordinary shares (corresponding to 3,905,182 ADSs) to Mastercard Europe SA upon closing of the Concurrent Private Placement subsequent to the completion of this offering, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00; and

 

   

no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional ADSs in this offering.



 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

We have historically conducted our business through Africa Internet Holding GmbH and its subsidiaries, and therefore our historical consolidated financial statements present the results of operations of Africa Internet Holding GmbH. On December 17 and 18, 2018, our shareholders resolved upon the change of our legal form into a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) and the change of our company name to Jumia Technologies AG. The change of legal form and company name became effective upon registration with the commercial register of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, on January 31, 2019. Upon this change, the historical consolidated financial statements of Africa Internet Holding GmbH included in this registration statement became the historical consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG.

We present below summary historical consolidated financial data of Jumia Technologies AG (formerly Africa Internet Holding GmbH). The financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in the prospectus and which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The Summary historical consolidated financial data presented below are not necessarily indicative of the financial results expected for any future periods. The summary historical consolidated financial data below do not contain all the information included in our financial statements. You should read this information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following tables also contain translations of euro amounts in U.S. dollars for amounts presented as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. These translations are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of €1.00 = $1.1456, which equals the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2018. You should not assume that, on that or any other date, one could have converted these amounts of euro into U.S. dollars at this exchange rate.



 

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Consolidated Statement of Operations

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions, except per share data)  
                 (unaudited)  

Revenue

   94.0      130.6     $ 149.6  

Cost of revenue

     (65.8     (84.8     (97.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     28.2       45.7       52.4  

Fulfillment expense

     (34.4     (50.5     (57.9

Sales and advertising expense

     (37.9     (47.5     (54.4

Technology and content expense

     (20.6     (22.4     (25.7

General and administrative expense (1)

     (89.1     (94.9     (108.7

Other operating income

     1.3       0.2       0.2  

Other operating expense

     (2.2     (0.3     (0.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (154.7     (169.7     (194.4

Finance income

     2.3       1.6       1.8  

Finance costs

     (1.5     (1.3     (1.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

     (153.9     (169.5     (194.2

Income tax expense

     (11.5     (0.9     (1.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the year

   (165.4   (170.4   $ (195.2

Earnings per ADS (2)

   (3.31   (3.41   $ (3.90

Earnings per share (2)

   (1.65   (1.70   $ (1.95

 

(1)

Includes share-based payment expense of €26.3 million in 2017 and of €17.4 million in 2018.

(2)

Unaudited. Based on 100,050,976 shares outstanding immediately prior to the offering. One ADS represents two ordinary shares.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Net cash flows used in operating activities

   (117.0   (139.0   $ (159.2

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (2.6     (3.6     (4.1

Net cash flows from financing activities

     121.6       213.2       244.2  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     2.0       70.6       80.9  

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

     29.8       29.7       34.0  

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

   29.7     100.6     $ 115.2  

Selected Other Data (1)

 

     As of and for the year ended
December 31,
 
     2017     2018  
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Active Consumers

     2.7       4.0    

GMV

   507.1     828.2     $ 948.8  

Adjusted EBITDA

   (126.8   (150.1   $ (172.0 )

 

(1)

See the definitions of key performance indicators in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Key Performance Indicators.”



 

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We define Adjusted EBITDA as loss for the year adjusted for income tax expense, finance income, finance costs, depreciation and amortization and further adjusted by share-based payment expense.

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental non-IFRS measure of our operating performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, IFRS. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to loss for the year, loss before income tax or any other performance measure derived in accordance with IFRS. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our operating performance. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-IFRS financial measure as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. By providing this non-IFRS financial measure, together with a reconciliation to the nearest IFRS financial measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

 

   

as a measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis, as it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;

 

   

for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections;

 

   

to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our strategic initiatives; and

 

   

to evaluate our capacity to expand our business.

Items excluded from this non-IFRS measure are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for analysis of our results reported in accordance with IFRS, including loss for the year. Some of the limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our share-based payments, or income tax expense;

 

   

although depreciation and amortization are eliminated in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any costs for such replacements; and

 

   

other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these and other limitations by providing a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure, loss for the year.



 

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The following table provides a reconciliation of loss for the year to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Loss for the year

   (165.4   (170.4   $ (195.2

Income tax expense

     11.5       0.9       1.0  

Finance income

     (2.3     (1.6     (1.8

Finance costs

     1.5       1.3       1.5  

Depreciation and amortization

     1.6       2.2       2.5  

Share-based payment expense

     26.3       17.4       19.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

   (126.8   (150.1   $ (172.0

 

(1)

Unaudited.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

 

     As of December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                  (unaudited)  

Total non-current assets

   5.0     6.6      $ 7.6  

Total current assets

     66.5       135.4        155.1  

Total assets

     71.5       142.0        162.7  

Total equity

     (12.6     49.8        57.1  

Total liabilities

   84.1     92.2      $ 105.6  


 

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our ADSs involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before deciding to invest in our ADSs. Additional risks not known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price and value of our ADSs could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business, Operations and Financial Position

We have incurred significant losses since inception and there is no guarantee that we will achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

Jumia operates a pan-African e-commerce platform. Our platform consists of our marketplace, which connects businesses with consumers, our logistics service, which enables the shipping and delivery of packages, and our payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active on our platform. We primarily generate revenue from commissions, where third-party sellers pay us fees based on the goods and services they sell, and from the sale of goods where we act directly as seller. Our revenue is, however, not sufficient to cover our operating expenses. Accordingly, since we were founded in 2012, we have not been profitable on a consolidated basis. We incurred a loss for the year of €165.4 million in 2017 and a loss for the year of €170.4 million in 2018. As of December 31, 2018, we had accumulated losses of €862.0 million.

There is no guarantee that we will generate sufficient revenue in the future to offset the cost of maintaining our platform and maintaining and growing our business. Furthermore, even if we achieve profitability in certain of our more mature markets, where e-commerce is growing rapidly, there is no guarantee that we will be able to break even and achieve profitability in other markets, where e-commerce adoption is slower. We expect that our operating expenses will continue to increase as we intend to expend substantial financial and other resources on acquiring and retaining sellers and consumers, growing and maintaining our technology infrastructure and sales and marketing efforts and conducting general administrative tasks associated with our business, including expenses related to being a public company. These investments may not result in increased revenue growth. If we cannot successfully generate revenue at a rate that exceeds the costs associated with our business, we will not be able to achieve or sustain profitability or generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis and our revenue growth rate may decline.

If we fail to become and remain profitable, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on external financing and may not be able to raise necessary additional capital on economically acceptable terms or at all.

Since our inception, we have had negative operating cash flows and have relied on external financing. For example, on December 18, 2018, we entered into an investment agreement with Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH, pursuant to which Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH agreed to provide us with additional capital in the amount of €75 million. While we intend to raise significant financial resources through this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement, we may require additional capital to finance our operations and/or growth of our platform in the future. If we are not able to raise the required capital on economically acceptable terms, or at all, or if we fail to project and anticipate our capital needs, we may be forced to limit or scale back our operations, which may adversely affect our growth, business and market share and could ultimately lead to insolvency.

 

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If we choose to raise capital by issuing new shares, our ability to place such shares at attractive prices, or at all, depends on the condition of equity capital markets in general, the performance of our business and the price of our ADSs in particular, and the price of our ADSs may be subject to considerable fluctuation.

Currently, debt financing from independent third parties is unlikely to be available to us due to our loss making history, negative operating cash flows and lack of significant physical assets and collateral. If debt financing were available, such financing may require us to post collateral in favor of the relevant lenders or impose other restrictions on our business and financial position. Such restrictions may adversely affect our operations and ability to grow our business as intended. A breach of the relevant covenants or other contractual obligations contained in any of our current or future external financing agreements may trigger immediate prepayment obligations or may allow the relevant lenders to seize collateral posted by us, all of which may adversely affect our business. In addition, if we raise capital through debt financing on unfavorable terms, this could adversely affect our operational flexibility and profitability.

An inability to obtain capital on economically acceptable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our markets pose significant operational challenges that require us to expend substantial financial resources.

We operate in emerging markets in Africa. While we believe that our markets offer opportunities for an e-commerce company, they are also characterized by fragmented and largely underdeveloped logistics, delivery, and digital payment landscapes, which can differ significantly in the consumer markets in which we operate. This underdeveloped infrastructure restricts and complicates the movement of people and goods, which may make our delivery service too expensive or our delivery times too long to effectively compete with offline stores, in particular outside of main urban centers. Underdeveloped infrastructure may also limit our growth prospects by obstructing access to potential consumers. Lack of an established, secure and convenient cashless payment system in many markets also poses significant challenges for sellers. From our experience, we believe that a large percentage of our consumers either do not have a bank account or do not trust online payments, which is why cash on delivery is still the preferred payment method used by our consumers.

In order to overcome the challenges posed by our markets, we have had to develop significant logistics, delivery and payment infrastructures, which include, for example, the operation of warehouses and drop-off centers, the integration of third-party logistics providers, the establishment of our own delivery and last-mile delivery fleet in certain cities, the design of our independent technology platform and the provision of unconventional payment options. These factors make our operations more complex than those of similar businesses in more developed markets and may place a higher risk on us, for example, due to a higher number of failed orders, the risk of fraud or otherwise. The costs incurred by us to meet these challenges have, and may continue to, put a strain on our financial resources, may be unjustified in light of the benefits they bring us and may make it challenging for us to reach profitability. In particular, there is no guarantee that the markets in which we currently operate will prove to be as attractive as we currently believe them to be, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Many of our countries of operation are, or have been, characterized by political instability or changes in regulatory or other government policies.

Frequent and intense periods of political instability make it difficult to predict future trends in governmental policies. For example, the Arab Spring of 2010 and 2011 caused substantial political turmoil across the Middle East and North Africa, particularly in Egypt. During this period of instability in Egypt, the government temporarily dissolved the parliament, suspended the constitution and shut down the internet. As we were founded only in 2012, this temporary shut-down of the internet did not affect us. Any similar shut-down in the future will, however, negatively affect our business and results of operations. In addition, if government or regulatory

 

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policies in a market in which we operate were to change or become less business-friendly, our business could be adversely affected.

Governments in Africa frequently intervene in the economies of their respective countries and occasionally make significant changes in policy and regulations. Governmental actions have often involved, among other measures, nationalizations and expropriations, price controls, currency devaluations, mandatory increases on wages and employee benefits, capital controls and limits on imports. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations, including such factors as exchange rates and exchange control policies, inflation control policies, price control policies, consumer protection policies, import duties and restrictions, liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets, electricity rationing, tax policies, including tax increases and retroactive tax claims, and other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting the countries where we operate. For example, the Central Bank of Nigeria requires foreign investors to obtain a certificate of capital importation (“CCI”) to be able to repatriate imported funds and related proceeds via the Nigerian foreign exchange market. Jumia has transferred about €114 million into Nigeria. While Jumia has obtained valid CCIs for approximately €40 million, Jumia currently does not hold CCIs for the remaining amount. Jumia currently does not anticipate any need to repatriate funds from Nigeria for the next 3 to 5 years. In the meantime, Jumia intends to work with the Nigerian authorities to obtain the additional CCIs that would allow Jumia to repatriate these funds and related proceeds. However, there can be no assurance that Jumia will be successful in obtaining these certificates. Any failure to obtain the required certificates could impact Jumia’s ability to repatriate these funds and related proceeds or the exchange rate at which a repatriation could be effected.

In the future, the level of intervention by African governments may continue to increase. These or other measures could have a material adverse effect on the economy of the countries in which we operate and, consequently, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected by an economic slowdown in any region of Africa.

The success of our business depends on consumer spending. While we believe that economic conditions in Africa will improve, poverty in Africa will decline and the purchasing power of African consumers will increase in the long term, there can be no assurance that these expected developments will actually materialize. The development of African economies, markets and levels of consumer spending are influenced by many factors beyond our control, including consumer perception of current and future economic conditions, political uncertainty, employment levels, inflation or deflation, real disposable income, poverty rates, wealth distribution, interest rates, taxation, currency exchange rates and weather conditions. For example, a collapse in oil prices in early 2016 placed pressure on Nigeria’s currency, causing a currency shortage and threatening substantial inflation. Many of our sellers in Nigeria had to scale back imports and were unable to meet consumer demand for their products. Consumer spending also declined in the face of significant price increases. As our operations in Nigeria and Egypt generate a larger portion of our GMV than any other country in which we currently operate, adverse economic developments in Nigeria or Egypt could have a greater impact on our results than a similar downturn in other countries.

In addition, the outbreak of diseases or epidemics in any of the markets in which we operate could negatively impact levels of economic activity and depress consumer demand. Furthermore, in some of the countries in which we operate, local banks have faced liquidity and funding issues and may face such issues in the future, which could lead to bank failures or systemic collapse potentially resulting in an economic slowdown in the particular region.

An economic downturn, whether actual or perceived, currency volatility, a decrease in economic growth rates or an otherwise uncertain economic outlook in Nigeria, Egypt or any region of Africa could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

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Currency volatility and inflation may materially adversely affect our business.

Third-party sellers and consumers transact on our marketplace in local currency. The economies of a number of the African countries in which we operate are affected by high currency exchange rate volatility due to, among other things, inflation, selective tariff barriers, raw material prices, current account balances and widespread corruption and political uncertainty. For example, the annual inflation rate in Egypt increased to 14.2% in August 2018 from 13.5% in July 2018. However, year over year inflation has decreased dramatically since July 2017 when it was over 30%. The inflation rate in Nigeria also increased to 11.2% in August 2018 from 11.1% in July 2018, while decreasing year over year from 16% in July 2017. The highest ever inflation rate in Nigeria was 47.6%. Currency volatility and high inflation in any of the countries in which we operate could increase the cost of goods to our third-party sellers while decreasing the purchasing power of our consumers. If sellers are unable to pass along price increases to consumers, we could lose sellers from our marketplace. Similarly, if consumers are unwilling to pay higher prices, we could lose consumers.

The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Uncertainties with respect to the legal system in certain African markets could adversely affect us.

Legal systems in Africa vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Many countries in Africa have not yet developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently-enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in such markets. In particular, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. Since local administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to predict the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and our level of legal protection in many of our markets. Moreover, local courts may have broad discretion to reject enforcement of foreign awards. These uncertainties may affect our ability to enforce our contractual rights or other claims. Uncertainty regarding inconsistent regulatory and legal systems may also embolden plaintiffs to exploit such uncertainties through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us.

Many African legal systems are based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis, or at all, and may have retroactive effect. There are other circumstances where key regulatory definitions are unclear, imprecise or missing, or where interpretations that are adopted by regulators are inconsistent with interpretations adopted by a court in analogous cases. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of certain policies and rules until after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in Africa may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.

It is possible that a number of laws and regulations may be adopted or construed to apply to us in Africa and elsewhere that could restrict our business. Scrutiny and regulation of the industries in which we operate may further increase, and we may be required to devote additional legal and other resources to addressing such regulation. Changes in current laws or regulations or the imposition of new laws and regulations in our markets or elsewhere regarding e-commerce may slow our growth and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and prospects.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected by violent crime or terrorism in any region of Africa.

Many of the markets in which we operate suffer from a high incidence in violent crime and terrorism, which may harm our business. Violent crime has the potential to interfere with our delivery and fulfillment operations, in particular, given the fact that a high proportion of transactions on our marketplace are settled in cash. Our warehouses may also be targets of criminal acts. For example, in late 2018, we experienced an isolated incident in which our warehouse in Kenya was robbed, and merchandise with a value of approximately €500,000 was stolen.

 

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Further, the terrorist attacks of Boko Haram have created considerable economic instability in northeastern Nigeria for nearly a decade. Although it is difficult to quantify the economic effect of Boko Haram’s terrorist activities, countless markets, shops, and schools have been temporarily or permanently closed over the years out of fear of coordinated attacks. In some of the areas most devastated by terrorism, commercial banks have chosen to remain open for only three hours per day. Many Nigerians have also chosen to migrate to from the north to the south, or out of the country altogether. If Boko Haram’s terrorist activities were to spread throughout Nigeria, the increasing violence could have material adverse effects on the Nigerian economy. More recently, a terrorist attack in Nairobi in January 2019 by Somalia-based militant group al-Shabab drew increased attention to the risks of destabilization in Kenya. An increase in violent crime or terrorism in any region of Africa may interfere with deliveries, discourage economic activity, weaken consumer confidence, diminish consumer purchasing power or cause harm to our sellers and consumers in other ways, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and prospects.

Growth of our business depends on an increase in internet penetration in Africa.

Our business model relies on an increase in internet penetration and digital literacy in Africa. Even though the main urban centers of Africa typically offer reliable wired internet service, a substantial portion of the population are inhabitants of rural areas, which largely depend on mobile networks. Internet penetration in the markets in which we operate may not reach the levels seen in more developed countries for reasons that are beyond our control, including the lack of necessary network infrastructure or delayed implementation of performance improvements or security measures. The internet infrastructure in the markets in which we operate may not be able to support continued growth in the number of users, their frequency of use or their bandwidth requirements. Delays in telecommunication and infrastructure development or other technology shortfalls may also impede improvements in internet reliability. If telecommunications services are not sufficiently available to support the growth of the internet, response times could be slower, which would reduce internet usage and harm our platform. Internet penetration may decline if providers become insolvent or decide to exit a specific country. The price of personal computers, mobile devices and internet access, particularly with respect to mobile data rates, may also limit the growth of internet penetration in the markets in which we operate. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that internet penetration rates, and in particular, mobile internet penetration rates, will continue to grow as we anticipate. Internet penetration in our target markets may even stagnate or decline. In addition, digital illiteracy among many consumers and vendors in Africa presents obstacles to e-commerce growth.

If internet penetration and digital literacy do not increase in our markets of operation, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business model depends on the continued growth of e-commerce in the markets in which we currently operate.

Our business model relies on the continued growth of the internet as a platform for online consumer transactions in Africa. Rapid growth in the use of and interest in the internet, particularly as a way to conduct commerce, is a recent phenomenon, and there can be no assurance that this acceptance and use will continue to exist or develop. To grow our user base successfully, consumers who have historically used traditional means of commerce to purchase goods and services must accept and use new ways of conducting business and exchanging information and funds online.

The continued growth of e-commerce will depend on a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, the establishment and extension of broadband access, the popularity of smartphones and other mobile devices, the cost of internet access and mobile data, the trust and confidence level of e-commerce sellers and consumers, and changes in demographics and consumer tastes and preferences. Even if internet penetration rates increase, physical retail or face-to-face transactions may remain the predominant form of commerce in our markets due to, among other factors, a lack of trust and confidence in e-commerce offerings. In 2018, e-commerce represented less than 1% of retail sales transaction value for countries measured in our footprint in Africa, compared to nearly 14% in the United States and nearly 24% in China, according to Euromonitor. There

 

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is no guarantee that consumers will adapt to the use of the internet for consumer transactions on the scale we anticipate. Several companies that operate e-commerce websites have been successful and profitable in the past; however, we operate in a business environment that is different from other e-commerce companies operating outside of Africa. Therefore, you should not interpret the success of any of these companies as indicative of our financial prospects.

A failure of e-commerce to continue to grow as we anticipate in the markets in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We face competition, which may intensify.

As the e-commerce business model is relatively new in the markets in which we operate, competition for market share may intensify significantly. Current competitors, such as Souq.com in Egypt, which is a company affiliated with Amazon, Konga in Nigeria or Takealot and Superbalist, which are both part of the Naspers group, in South Africa, may seek to intensify their investments in those markets and also expand their businesses in new markets. Some of our competitors currently copy our marketing campaigns, and such competitors may undertake more far reaching marketing events or adopt more aggressive pricing policies, all of which could adversely impact our competitive position. We also compete with a large and fragmented group of offline retailers, such as traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and market traders, in each of the markets in which we operate. In addition, new competitors may emerge, or global e-commerce companies, such as Amazon or Alibaba, may choose to enter into, or expand across, our markets, and such competitors may have greater access to financial, technological and marketing resources than we do. We also face competition from transactions taking place through other platforms, including via social media sites such as Facebook groups.

Competitive pressure from current or future competitors or our failure to quickly and effectively adapt to a changing competitive landscape could adversely affect demand for the goods available on our marketplace and could thereby adversely affect our growth. Given the early stage of the e-commerce industry in the markets in which we operate, the share of goods sold and purchased via e-commerce may be small and loyalty of sellers and consumers may therefore be low. Current or future competitors may offer lower commissions to sellers than we do, and we may be forced to lower commissions in order to maintain our market share.

With respect to our payment service, we face competition from financial institutions with payment processing offerings, debit and credit card service providers, other offline payment options and other electronic payment system operators, in each of the markets in which we operate. We expect competition to intensify in the future as existing and new competitors may introduce new services or enhance existing services. New entrants tied to established brands may engender greater user confidence in the safety and efficacy of their services.

If we fail to compete effectively, we may lose existing sellers or consumers and fail to attract new sellers or consumers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If we are unable to adapt to changes in our industry or successfully launch and monetize new and innovative technologies, our growth and profitability could be adversely affected.

The internet and e-commerce industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, new product and service introductions and changing consumer demand. Despite our investment of significant resources in developing our infrastructure, such as our logistics service, changes and developments in our industry may require us to re-evaluate our business model and significantly modify our long-term strategies and business plan.

 

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We constantly seek to develop new and innovative technologies, such as our payment services. Our ability to monetize these technologies and other new business lines in a timely manner and operate them profitably depends on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

   

our ability to manage the financial and operational aspects of developing and launching new technologies, including making appropriate investments in our software systems, information technologies and operational infrastructure;

 

   

our ability to secure required governmental permits and approvals;

 

   

the level of commitment and interest from our current and potential third-party innovators;

 

   

our competitors developing and implementing similar or better technology;

 

   

our ability to effectively manage any third-party challenges to the intellectual property behind our technology;

 

   

our ability to collect, combine and leverage data about our consumers collected online and through our new technology in compliance with data protection laws; and

 

   

general economic and business conditions affecting consumer confidence and spending and the overall strength of our business.

We may not be able to grow our new technologies or operate them profitably, and these new and innovative technology initiatives may never generate material revenue. In addition, our technology development requires substantial management time and resources, which may result in disruptions to our existing business operations and adversely affect our financial condition, which may decrease our profitability and growth.

We may not be able to maintain our existing partnerships, strategic alliances or other business relationships or enter into new ones. We may have limited control over such relationships, and these relationships may not provide the anticipated benefits.

We partner with numerous third parties. For example, our current shareholders Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH, Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited, Millicom International Cellular S.A., Atlas Countries Support S.A. and AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. or affiliates of our current shareholders cooperate with us by selling their goods on our marketplace and helping us to promote our marketplace via their goods and distribution channels. More than 100 logistics providers are integrated into our logistics service and help us and our sellers deliver goods to consumers. We have also partnered with banks and other payment providers in connection with our payment services.

Our current shareholders who have entered into partnerships with us are still free to compete with us, and it is possible that they may choose to do so. If any of our current shareholders begin to sell their shares after the completion of this offering and the expiration of the lock-up provisions described in “Underwriters” section herein, maintaining their current partnerships with us may become less attractive and their appetite for competition may grow. Such partners may decide to discontinue their partnerships with us or may only be willing to continue their partnerships with us on significantly less attractive terms.

We also may pursue and enter into new strategic relationships in the future. Such relationships involve risks, including but not limited to: maintaining good working relationships with the other party, any economic or business interests of the other party that are inconsistent with ours, the other party’s failure to fund its share of capital for operations or to fulfill its other commitments, including providing accurate and timely accounting and financial information to us, which could negatively impact our operating results, loss of key personnel, actions taken by our strategic partners that may not be compliant with applicable rules, regulations and laws, reputational concerns regarding our partners or our leadership that may be imputed to us, bankruptcy, requiring us to assume all risks and capital requirements related to the relationship, and the related bankruptcy proceedings could have

 

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an adverse impact on the relationship, and any actions arising out of the relationship that may result in reputational harm or legal exposure to us. Further, these relationships may not deliver the benefits that were originally anticipated.

Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The continued growth of our business depends on several external factors, some of which are beyond our control, and there is no guarantee that we can maintain our historical growth rates.

Since our founding in 2012, we have experienced significant growth in GMV and revenue. There can be no assurance that our growth will be sustainable and that we will continue to experience growth in the future. We anticipate that our relative growth rate will decline over time as we achieve higher market penetration rates. Slowing growth rates mean that our business performance will become increasingly dependent on our ability to, among other things, use our operating leverage, increase our fulfillment efficiencies and decrease marketing costs in relation to our revenue. In addition, a shift in the relative proportion of first-party sales to third-party sales may significantly and negatively affect any reported revenue growth and could even lead to a decline in reported revenue.

The growth of our business and revenue is dependent on our ability to both retain existing and add new sellers, which we may not be able to continue to do at historic rates and acquisition costs, or at all. As we scale our business, we face the risk that our current sellers may not successfully increase their offers to keep up with increasing consumer demand, which may require us to increase our first-party sales. While any such increase would lead to a significant increase in revenue, our profit margins could be negatively affected, as we have historically recorded lower profit margins on first-party sales than on third-party sales. Alternatively, we could select and onboard new local or international sellers to keep up with the increasing consumer demand; however, doing so might prove more difficult than expected or we may not be able to onboard new sellers at all. Furthermore, if we onboard too many international sellers, we risk alienating local sellers which would compound supply issues. Similarly, we risk alienating small, local sellers as our company grows and we provide increasing exposure to larger sellers who can more easily adapt pricing strategies and product offerings to meet the needs of consumers.

We also face the risk of losing sellers due to seller insolvency. If any of our current sellers were to become insolvent, they would no longer be able to offer products on our marketplace. Additionally, they may not be able to fulfill open orders and deliver products as promised. Furthermore, if we pay a seller before such seller fulfills its obligations to our consumers, we may be unable to recover from such a seller any funds paid for undelivered items, for example if the seller becomes insolvent.

Our business growth and revenue may also be affected if we are unsuccessful in retaining our current consumer base or adding new consumers. Any decrease in the number of Active Sellers and product offerings could lead to a corresponding decrease in Active Consumers. Additionally, the costs of consumer retention may increase for various reasons, which could negatively affect our revenue. Our expansion into new markets may place us in unfamiliar competitive environments or may require us to invest significant resources, and there is no assurance that returns on such investments will be achieved.

The occurrence of any of the risks described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be able to manage future growth efficiently, which may adversely affect our business.

We aim to continue to grow our business and our leadership in the markets in which we operate. If we succeed in significantly increasing the number of our Active Consumers, we will be required to further expand

 

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and improve our marketplace, technology systems, fulfillment infrastructure and consumer support, which we may not achieve in a timely and cost-effective manner. If we are unable to successfully manage future growth, consumer satisfaction and our reputation may be negatively affected.

Growth of our business may also place significant demands on our management and key employees, as expansion will increase the complexity of our business and place a significant strain on our management, operations, technical systems, financial resources and internal control over financial reporting functions. Our current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support and effectively manage our future operations, especially as we employ personnel in numerous geographic locations. Our ability to hire a sufficient number of new employees for our expanding operations depends on the overall availability of qualified employees, and our ability to offer them sufficiently attractive employment terms compared to other employers. Functional experts such as technology experts and compliance specialists are particularly hard to recruit and retain in the markets in which we operate.

If we experience significant future growth, we may be required not only to make additional investments in our platform and workforce, but also to expand our relationships with various partners and other third parties with whom we do business, such as third-party carriers, and to expend time and effort to integrate such parties into our operations. The expansion of our business could exceed the capacities of our partners and other third parties willing to do business with us, and if they are unable to keep up with our growth, our operations could be adversely affected.

Any failure to meet such challenges may lead to an increase in the risk of disruptions and compliance violations, could adversely affect our profitability, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be able to maintain or improve the network effects of our platform, which could negatively affect our business and prospects.

Our ability to maintain or improve our platform around our marketplace, logistics and payment services is critical to our success. The extent to which we are able to maintain or strengthen these network effects depends on our ability to execute a number of challenging tasks, including:

 

   

offer a secure, fast and user-friendly platform, especially a mobile platform, for all participants;

 

   

provide tools and services that meet the evolving needs of sellers, consumers and other participants;

 

   

provide a wide range of high-quality product and service offerings;

 

   

provide sellers with a high level of relevant traffic flow and effective online marketing services;

 

   

provide an efficient logistics service and coordinate a large number of fragmented third-party logistics and delivery companies;

 

   

attract and retain third-party service providers who are able to provide quality services on commercially reasonable terms to our sellers;

 

   

provide secure, trusted and convenient payment solution services;

 

   

maintain the quality of our consumer service and consumer protection; and

 

   

continue adapting to the changing demands of the markets in which we operate.

In addition, changes we may make to enhance and improve our platform may be viewed positively from one participant group’s perspective and negatively from another group’s perspective.

If we fail to maintain or improve our platform by balancing the interests of all participants, sellers, consumers or other participants may stop visiting our marketplace, conduct fewer transactions on our marketplace or use alternative platforms, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

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We may be unable to maintain and expand our relationships with sellers or to find additional sellers for our marketplace.

Our seller network consisted of 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018, who range from small merchants and artisans to larger corporations. If we fail to maintain and expand our existing relationships or to build new relationships with sellers on acceptable commercial terms, we will not be able to maintain and expand our broad product and service offering, which could adversely affect our business.

In order to maintain and expand our relationships with our current sellers and to attract additional quality sellers, we need, among other factors, to:

 

   

provide a simple and easy to use platform, on which sellers can attractively present their goods and services;

 

   

demonstrate our ability to help our sellers sell significant volumes of their goods;

 

   

offer an innovative platform;

 

   

offer sellers a high-quality, cost-effective fulfillment process, including returns; and

 

   

continue to provide sellers with a dynamic and real time view of demand and inventory via data and analytics capabilities.

If we fail to maintain an attractive mix of sellers or fail to find quality sellers of attractive goods, if such sellers refuse to use our platform or if we do not manage these relationships efficiently, we may not be able to grow as anticipated, which could adversely affect our business. Our competitors may seek to enter into exclusivity agreements with certain sellers and thereby prevent us from partnering with such sellers. Competitors or retailers may encourage manufacturers to limit distribution to sellers who sell through us.

Our policy is to delist any goods or sellers who repeatedly fail to meet our performance standards (e.g., product quality, environmental compliance and labor relations standards), which may lead to a significant reduction of Active Sellers on our marketplace. Furthermore, sellers may decide to cease cooperating with us, discontinue their operations, or may face financial distress or other business disruptions. As a result, we may not be able to maintain and expand our product offering and may consequently lose consumers to competitors with a larger seller base.

An inability to find, engage and retain the right sellers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may fail to maintain or grow the size of our consumer base or the level of engagement of our consumers.

The size and engagement level of our consumer base are critical to our success. Our business and financial performance have been and will continue to be significantly determined by our success in adding, retaining, and engaging Active Consumers. We continue to invest significant resources to grow our consumer base and increase participant engagement, whether through innovation, providing new or improved goods or services, marketing efforts or other means. While our consumer base has expanded significantly, we cannot assure you that our consumer base and engagement levels will continue growing at satisfactory rates, or at all. Our consumer growth and engagement could be adversely affected if, among other things:

 

   

we are unable to maintain the quality of our existing goods and services;

 

   

we are unsuccessful in innovating or introducing new goods and services;

 

   

we fail to adapt to changes in participant preferences, market trends or advancements in technology;

 

   

technical or other problems prevent us from delivering our goods or services in a timely and reliable manner or otherwise affect the participant experience;

 

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there are participant concerns related to privacy, safety, security or reputational factors;

 

   

there are adverse changes to our platform that are mandated by, or that we elect to make in response to, legislation, regulation, or litigation, including settlements or consent decrees;

 

   

we fail to maintain the brand image of our platform or our reputation is damaged; or

 

   

there are unexpected changes to the demographic trends or economic development of the markets in which we operate.

Our efforts to avoid or address any of these events could require us to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our services or platform. If we fail to retain or grow our participant base, or if our users reduce their engagement with our platform, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Sellers set their own prices and decide which goods they make available on our marketplace, which could affect our ability to respond to consumer preferences and trends.

We do not control the portfolio or pricing strategies of our sellers, which could affect our ability to effectively compete on the breadth of our product assortment or on price with the other distribution channels. Our sellers may be unaware of consumer preferences and trends and fail to offer the products our consumers prefer. Additionally, our sellers may employ different pricing strategies based on the geographical location of consumers, which could lead consumers to seek for more competitively priced products on other distribution channels. Our sellers may also engage in fictitious pricing, an advertising tactic wherein sellers exaggerate the level of discounts provided on certain products by comparing the discount price to a prior-reference price at which the product was never really offered for sale. Such tactics, if perpetrated by our sellers, may alienate consumers from our marketplace and harm our reputation. Moreover, sellers that are prevented from engaging in fictitious pricing on our marketplace may choose to list their goods on other channels instead of our marketplace, which could also result in a loss of consumers.

If consumers are unable to purchase their preferred products at competitive prices on our marketplace, they may choose to purchase products elsewhere, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In order to offer our consumers an attractive product mix, we may be required to find sellers abroad or to engage in selling goods ourselves.

The more attractive the product mix on our marketplace, the more consumers visit our marketplace and order from our sellers. However, there can be no assurance that our sellers will offer a product mix that is attractive to our consumers. If we identify gaps in the product offering on our marketplace, we either seek to have sellers from abroad, such as China, offer their goods on our marketplace or, in some cases, decide to sell goods ourselves. Sellers from abroad may, however, only be interested in listing goods with a high value, as low value goods may not allow them to recover the costs incurred for sales over our marketplace. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that sellers from abroad will not face issues with import restrictions or delays in obtaining required customs clearances. As a growing percentage of our revenue stems from cross-border sales, future import restrictions or delays in obtaining required customs clearances, in particular with respect to goods imported from China, may have a material adverse effect on our revenue.

Where we engage directly in selling goods, we take on inventory risk. Although many of our inventory-related systems are automated, some internal processes at our warehouses are handled manually, which may result in errors. Consumer preferences regarding price, quality and design of certain goods may change rapidly, making it difficult to accurately forecast future demand. If we fail to correctly anticipate the demand, we may not be able to avoid overstocking or understocking certain goods. If we underestimate demand, this may result in a

 

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loss of consumers who are unsatisfied with our delivery times. If we overestimate demand, we may experience excess inventories and may ultimately be forced to record losses for write-offs on inventory. In order to sell such excess inventories, we may choose to sell goods at significant discounts, which may adversely affect our profit margins and the level of prices we can demand for other goods, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We face challenges with failed deliveries, excessive returns, late collections, unrecoverable receivables and voucher abuse, which may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

We typically provide our consumers with the option to pay cash on delivery. Many of our consumers choose this option, including those who do not have a bank account and those who do not trust online payments. In situations where the consumer elects to pay cash on delivery, he/she must be present at home in order to provide payment at the time of delivery; otherwise, the delivery will fail. However, there is no guarantee that our consumers will actually be present at scheduled delivery locations at the scheduled delivery times. If a consumer is not present, we schedule a new delivery time. We typically make three delivery attempts, and if all of these attempts fail, we return the product to the seller. If there is a failed delivery, we are required to notify the seller within 21 days of when the package was shipped. If we do not notify the seller within this timeframe, we must take possession of the item and accept the loss as a result of the failed delivery.

Even if the product is successfully delivered to the consumer and delivery is verified, most of our sellers are required, either by local regulations or by our operating standards, to allow consumers to return goods within a certain period of time after delivery. For example, in Egypt, which is one of our largest markets, consumers have a legal right to return any product within fourteen days after delivery so long as the product is in the same condition as when delivered. Furthermore, if our sellers offer more consumer friendly return policies, the number of returns may increase, which could adversely affect our business. In 2018, orders accounting for 14.4% of our GMV were either failed deliveries or returned by our consumers. We also utilize an algorithm that determines, based upon a number of factors, whether a consumer will receive a refund for a returned item. In some instances, the algorithm might make a refund determination before our after-sales team is able to review and process the refund. Any mistakes or errors in the algorithm could result in mistaken refunds, which in turn could result in loss of sales.

We also face the risk that third-party delivery agents might misappropriate inventory, and we struggle to verify delivery when our third-party delivery partners deliver packages without obtaining consumer signatures. When goods are delivered without verification, we may be required to deliver a duplicate product. When a third-party delivery agent successfully delivers a product and accepts cash payment from the consumer, we face the additional risks of late collections (in the event that the third-party delivery agent does not remit the funds to us on time) or unrecoverable receivables (in the event that the third-party delivery agent commits fraud or becomes insolvent). These risks are particularly acute in countries where the percentage of outsourced deliveries remains high. For example, in Kenya, where approximately 95% of our consumers paid in cash or with cash equivalents on delivery in 2016, we discovered in early 2018 that €720 thousand of cash payments remained uncollected in 2016, the large majority of which was never subsequently collected. The extent of the effect on our cash flows in 2016 was due to our previous use of an insufficient cash reconciliation system, which has now been replaced with an automated system that allows us to monitor transactions in each of our markets on a daily basis. Even though we have taken measures to reduce the risks of fraud and uncollected receivables, these risks – whether facilitated by our employees, sellers, partners or consumers – remain, due largely to the prevalence of cash on delivery in many of our markets.

In certain markets, we also offer guarantees in the event that a damaged or defective product is delivered. In Kenya, for example, we recently announced a three-month guarantee on all marketplace products valued above KES 1,500 (approximately €13 as of February 6, 2019), except for consumer goods and beauty and fashion items. This guarantee covers products with manufacturing defects, as well as counterfeit and incorrectly delivered items. Although we instituted this guarantee in an effort to increase consumer satisfaction, consumers

 

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may abuse our guarantee policy which could harm our business. Additionally, we seek to increase consumer satisfaction across all markets by offering apology vouchers to our consumers on a case-by-case basis in the event of a failed or incorrect delivery. However, we have experienced an increase in the incidence of fraud and voucher abuse wherein account owners have managed to receive duplicate apology vouchers for the same transaction.

A significant increase in failed deliveries, excessive or mistaken returns, late collections, unrecoverable receivables or voucher abuse – due to increased fraud, changing consumer behavior, consumer dissatisfaction with our goods or consumer service, or otherwise – may force us to allocate additional resources to mitigating these issues, may force us to waive our commission fees and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be subject to allegations and lawsuits concerning the content of our platform or claiming that items listed on our marketplace are counterfeit, pirated or illegal.

We operate a marketplace where sellers can offer their goods and directly contact our consumers. Consumers or regulatory authorities may allege that items offered or sold through our marketplace infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks and patents or other intellectual property rights, are pirated or illegal or violate consumer protection laws or regulations. While we have adopted certain measures to verify the authenticity of goods sold on our marketplaces (for example, content verification for new sellers or for sellers who sell goods at prices that seem too low for genuine goods) to minimize potential violations and/or infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, these measures may not always be successful.

When we receive complaints or allegations regarding infringement or counterfeit, pirated or illegal goods, we follow certain procedures to verify the nature of the complaint and the relevant facts in order to be able to determine the appropriate action, which may include removal of the item from our marketplace and, in certain cases, discontinuing our relationship with a seller who repeatedly violates our policies. For example, we do not allow the listing and sale of prescription medication on our marketplace. We delist any seller who does not comply with this policy. We believe these procedures are important to ensure confidence in our marketplace among sellers and consumers. However, these procedures could result in the delay of de-listing of allegedly infringing goods and may not effectively reduce or eliminate our liability. In particular, we may be subject to civil or criminal liability for unlawful activities carried out, including goods listed, by third parties on our platform.

In the event that alleged counterfeit, pirated, illegal or infringing goods are listed or sold on our marketplace, we could face claims for such listings, sales or alleged infringement or for our failure to act in a timely or effective manner to restrict or limit such sales or infringement. For example, in January 2017, the Consumer Protection Agency in Egypt investigated the sale of unlisted drugs on our platform. As a result of this investigation, we were fined €5,000. Regardless of the validity of any claims made against us, we may incur significant costs and efforts to defend against or settle such claims. If a governmental authority determines that we have aided and abetted the infringement or sale of counterfeit, pirated or illegal goods, we could face regulatory, civil or criminal penalties. Successful claims by third-party rights owners could require us to pay substantial damages or refrain from permitting any further listing of the relevant items. These types of claims could force us to modify our business practices and implement further measures in an effort to protect against these potential liabilities, which could lower our revenue, increase our costs or make our platform less attractive and user-friendly. Sellers whose content is removed or services are suspended or terminated by us, regardless of our compliance with the applicable laws, rules and regulations, may dispute our actions and commence action against us for damages based on breach of contract or other causes of action or make public complaints or allegations. Any costs incurred as a result of liability or asserted liability relating to the sale of unlawful goods or other infringement could harm our business.

In addition, the public perception that counterfeit, pirated or illegal items are commonplace on our marketplace or perceived delays in our removal of these items, even if factually incorrect, could damage our

 

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reputation, result in lower list prices for goods sold through our marketplaces, harm our business, result in regulatory pressure or action against us and diminish the value of our brand.

The materialization of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Harmful goods, product defects and product recalls could adversely affect our business and reputation.

As the goods offered through our marketplace are manufactured by third parties, we have only limited control over the quality of these goods. We cannot always effectively prevent our sellers from selling harmful or defective goods, which could cause death, disease or injury to our consumers or damage their property. We may be seen as having facilitated the sale of such goods and may be forced to recall such goods. Where we act directly as seller, we may also have to recall harmful goods. In all of these cases, we may not be able to avoid product liability claims and/or administrative fines or criminal charges against us. There is no guarantee that we will be adequately insured against such risks or that we will be able to take recourse against the sellers or suppliers from whom we sourced these goods, in particular if the seller or supplier is located in a foreign country where enforcement of our rights may be difficult, such as China, or does not have sufficient capital to indemnify us. In addition, any negative publicity resulting from product recalls or the assertion that we sold defective goods could damage our brand and reputation.

The sale of harmful or defective goods and product recalls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Failure to deal effectively with any fraud perpetrated and fictitious transactions conducted on our platform could harm our business.

We face risks with respect to fraudulent activities on our platform. Given the countries in which we operate, the number of participants on our platform and the fragmentation of our business, it is a challenge to anticipate, detect and address fraudulent activities. Although we have implemented various measures to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities on our platform, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective in combating fraudulent transactions or improving overall satisfaction among sellers, consumers and other participants. Additional measures that we take to address fraud could also negatively affect the attractiveness of our platform to sellers or consumers.

For example, we may receive complaints from consumers who may not have received goods that they had purchased, or complaints from sellers who have not received payment for the goods ordered. In addition to fraudulent transactions with legitimate consumers, sellers may also engage in fictitious or “phantom” transactions with themselves or collaborators in order to artificially inflate their own ratings on our marketplace, reputation and search results rankings. This activity may harm other sellers by enabling the perpetrating seller to be favored over legitimate sellers and may harm consumers by deceiving them into believing that a seller is more reliable or trusted than the seller actually is. Recently, we also received information alleging that a seller in Morocco bribed one of our employees in order to receive favorable marketing treatment. In addition, we recently received information alleging that some of our independent sales consultants, members of our JForce program in Nigeria, may have engaged in fraudulent activities. We are currently investigating these allegations and are unable to determine their accuracy and/or the potential scope of fraud, if any.

In addition to seller fraud, we face the risk of fraud perpetrated directly by our consumers. For example, a group of consumers in Kenya fraudulently used electronic payment suppliers to acquire approximately €550,000 in goods on our marketplace in December 2017. Consumer fraud may harm seller confidence in the integrity of our marketplace and the certainty of payment.

Illegal, fraudulent or collusive activities by our employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and could subject us to liability or negative

 

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publicity. While we have not experienced any material events of this nature in the past, we have identified allegations of employee misconduct, which led us to improve our internal controls and our cash reconciliation system. We routinely monitor our internal controls, processes and procedures at a country and group level, but we can provide no assurances that such controls, processes and procedures will prove effective. Any illegal, fraudulent or collusive activity conducted by our employees could adversely affect our profitability and could severely damage our brand and reputation as an operator of a trusted marketplace, which could drive sellers, consumers and other participants away from our marketplace.

Negative publicity and consumer sentiment generated as a result of actual or alleged fraudulent or deceptive conduct on our platform or by our employees could severely diminish consumer confidence in us and in our services, reduce our ability to attract new or retain current consumers, sellers and other participants, discourage banks and card issuers from allowing their payment instruments to be used to conduct transactions on our platform, damage our reputation and diminish the value of our brand, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be subject to chargeback and refund liability if our sellers refuse to or are unable to reimburse chargebacks or refunds resolved in favor of their consumers.

We face risks associated with chargebacks and refunds in connection with payment card fraud or relating to the goods or services provided by sellers on our marketplace. When a billing dispute between a cardholder and a seller is resolved in favor of the cardholder, including in instances of fraudulent seller activity, the transaction is typically “charged back” to the seller and the purchase price is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. If we are unable to collect chargebacks or refunds from the seller’s account, or if the seller refuses to or is unable to reimburse us for chargebacks or refund due to closure, insolvency, or other reasons, we may be responsible for the amount refunded to the cardholder. Our financial results would be adversely affected to the extent that sellers do not fully reimburse us for the related chargebacks. Additionally, chargebacks occur more frequently with online transactions than with in-person transactions. Any increase in chargebacks or refunds not paid by our sellers may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We depend on third-party carriers as part of our fulfillment process.

We depend on the services of third-party carriers for the delivery of a large number of goods to our warehouses and subsequently to the distribution centers of third-party carriers and from there to our consumers. Even where goods do not enter our warehouses, these goods are handled by third-party carriers who directly receive them from sellers.

Consequently, we have only limited control over the timing of deliveries and the security and quality of the goods while they are being transported. Consumers may experience shipping delays due to inclement weather, natural disasters, employment strikes or terrorism, and/or goods may be damaged or lost in transit. If goods are of a poor quality or damaged or lost in transit, not delivered in a timely manner, or if we are not able to provide adequate consumer support, our consumers may become dissatisfied and cease buying their goods through our marketplace.

It may be difficult to replace any of our current third-party carriers due to a lack of alternative offerings at comparable prices and/or service quality in the relevant geographic area. Given the infrastructure deficiencies in the markets in which we currently operate, experienced and highly qualified third-party carriers are in increasing demand and accordingly, have only limited capacities. As a result, competition for delivery capacities may intensify even further. In addition, our carriers may increase their prices, which would adversely affect our results. Furthermore, as we continue to grow, our existing carriers may be unable to keep up with such growth, and we may have to contract additional carriers. There is no guarantee that their services and prices will be satisfactory to us or our consumers. An inability to maintain and expand a network of high-quality third-party

 

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carriers at attractive costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may fail to maintain or expand our logistics capabilities.

The successful operation and expansion of our logistics service is crucial to maintain and enhance consumer satisfaction and to our business and continued growth.

Our warehouses handle a number of functions, including inbound freight, storage, packaging, outbound freight, and handling of returns. These processes are complex and depend on sophisticated know-how and technological infrastructure. Any failure or disruption of our logistics, including due to software malfunctions, inability to renew leases for existing offices or warehouses, theft from or disruptions to the processes within our warehouses, labor strikes, fires, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, vandalism or sabotage could adversely affect our ability deliver goods ordered via our marketplace in a timely manner, increase our logistics costs and harm our reputation.

Furthermore, delivery times for our goods vary due to a variety of factors such as relevant goods, stock levels, location of warehouses from which goods are shipped, speed of our sellers, number of goods included in the relevant order, country in which sellers and consumers are located and the speed of third-party carriers. Consumers may expect faster delivery times and more convenient deliveries than we can provide. If we are unable to meet consumer expectations, or if our competitors are able to deliver goods faster or more conveniently, our reputation and competitiveness may suffer and we could lose consumers, which could adversely affect our revenue.

Additionally, we face the risk that any of our third-party carriers, who often collect cash-on-delivery payments from our consumers, may become insolvent, in which case our delivery capability would be adversely affected, and we would be unable to collect the cash payments such a carrier still held on our behalf. Even though we would not be able to collect from an insolvent third-party carrier, we would still be obligated to pay our sellers whose goods were already delivered to consumers. The insolvency of any of our third-party carriers could harm our business and financial condition.

Our current logistics capacity may prove insufficient if we continue to grow. There is no guarantee that we will be able to open additional warehouses, find delivery partners with sufficient capacity in an efficient and timely manner, lease additional suitable warehouses on acceptable terms, expand other areas of our fulfillment process to the extent necessary or recruit qualified personnel required to operate our warehouses and manage such expansion. Any failure to expand our logistics capacity to meet the demands of our continued growth could prevent us from growing our business.

If we decide to expand geographically, or add new businesses or product categories with different logistics requirements or change the composition of our product offering, our logistics infrastructure may require greater processing capacity, requiring us to adapt our logistics service and to find new partners. Any expansion or difficulties we encounter in our operations may force us to change the current set-up and organization of our logistics network, including by relocating or outsourcing certain capabilities. However, there is no guarantee that the associated transition will be smooth and we may be unable to react to such challenges in a cost-effective and timely manner.

An inability to efficiently operate and expand our warehouses and logistics capabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If any of our logistics services were to malfunction, suffer an outage or otherwise fail, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We cooperate with a number of third-party logistics and delivery companies to help our sellers fulfill orders and deliver their goods to consumers, in particular with respect to last-mile delivery. We have established a

 

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logistics information platform that links our information system to those of our logistics partners. Interruptions to or failures in our third-parties’ logistics and delivery services, or in our logistics information platform, could prevent the timely or proper delivery of goods to consumers, which could harm our reputation, in particular if such interruptions or failures occur during one of our key sales events, like Black Friday. These interruptions may be caused by events that are beyond our control or the control of these third parties, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation disruptions or labor unrest. Our logistics and delivery services could also be affected or interrupted by industry consolidation, service provider failure, insolvency, change in regulations or government shut-downs.

If the logistics information platform we use were to fail for any reason, our logistics providers may find it more difficult or even impossible to connect with our sellers, and their services and the functionality of our platform could be severely affected. Our existing disaster recovery plans may not be sufficient to ensure a timely remediation of such failures or disruptions.

In addition, in the event of any interruptions to or failures in our third-parties’ logistics and delivery services, or in our logistics service, we could be held liable by our sellers and/or consumers for any resulting damage.

If goods sold on our marketplace are not delivered in proper condition, on a timely basis or at shipping rates that marketplace participants are willing to bear, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The costs of our logistics service are subject to fluctuation in the prices of raw materials and fuel, and we may not be able to pass on price increases to our sellers and consumers.

Our logistics service provides solutions for the delivery of goods ordered through our marketplace. Our logistics service includes a number of logistics partners, with whom we agree on certain economical terms and settle the incurred costs. While we seek to pass on to our sellers and consumers most of the costs of these logistic services, we typically bear the risk of cost fluctuation. The costs of our logistics service are typically influenced by a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including raw material and fuel prices, labor costs, rent levels, import tariffs and fluctuation in foreign exchange rates, the capacity and utilization rates of our sellers and carriers, which in turn depend on general demand, as well as the quantities of goods we demand and our specifications. As a result, our costs may vary considerably in the short-term and increase significantly if certain partners experience shortages. There is no guarantee that we will be able to pass on such costs to our sellers or consumers through price increases, and such price increases could adversely affect demand for the goods or services sold on our marketplace. If competitors are able to offer lower prices as they benefit from decreasing raw materials or fuel prices, sellers and consumers may demand that we also lower our prices, irrespective of the actual development of our costs.

Increases in logistics costs and an inability to pass on such increases to our sellers and consumers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Changes in how consumers fund their transactions using our payment service could harm our business.

We pay significant transaction fees when consumers fund payment transactions using credit cards, debit cards, mobile money or via bank transfers, and no fees when consumers fund payment transactions from an existing Jumia account balance or when consumers pay cash on delivery.

The financial success of our payment services is sensitive to changes in the rate at which our consumers fund payments, which can significantly increase our costs. Some of our consumers may prefer to use credit and debit cards if these cards offer functionality and benefits not associated with the use of their bank accounts. An increase in the proportion of more expensive payment forms as compared to less expensive payment forms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

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Our payment service could fail to function properly, and we may not be able to expand or integrate our payment service into other online portals.

Our payment service facilitates transactions between sellers and consumers and provides certain participants with access to financial services. Due to the variety and complexity of the payment methods we offer, we may experience failures in our checkout process, such as banks rejecting payment or consumers having insufficient funds, which could adversely affect our conversion rate, defined as the share of potential consumers visiting our marketplace who actually place an order, and our business.

We rely on third parties to provide payment processing services. We also rely on third-party payment processors, and encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties, to securely transmit consumers’ personal information. If these companies become unwilling or unable to provide these services or increase their fees, such as bank and intermediary fees for credit card payments, our operations may be disrupted and our operating costs could increase. Our invoice and billing systems may malfunction due to the implementation of new payment methods and technology, errors in existing codes or other technology issues. Any such issues may impair our ability to create correct invoices, avoid the recording of duplicate invoices or payments and collect payments in a timely manner, or at all. Even though we aim to contract with multiple providers with overlapping competencies, we cannot guarantee that our third-party vendors will not experience a disruption in their services, increase their costs, or discontinue their services.

In addition, our current payment infrastructure may prove insufficient if we continue to grow or if decide to expand our payment service geographically. For instance, there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain or enter into strategic partnerships with financial institutions or other payment solution providers in the markets in which we currently operate or will operate. Further, we may not be able to process high volumes. Any failure of the technology behind our payment solutions could be disruptive.

Malfunctions of our payment systems or our failure to effectively manage the growth of our payment service business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Deterioration in the performance of, or our relationship with, third-party payment aggregators may adversely affect our payment service and harm our business.

JumiaPay often relies on payment aggregators to facilitate consumer payments. Payment aggregators collect payment from consumers via credit cards, debit cards, or bank transfers and then forward payment to the seller, usually within one to three business days. Thus, aggregators allow sellers to collect credit card or bank transfers without establishing direct accounts with various banks and card associations used by our consumers. In connection with the Concurrent Private Placement, we entered into a commercial agreement with Mastercard Asia/Pacific with a term of ten years, which provides Mastercard Asia/Pacific with priority in delivering payment network based solutions and technologies related to our business. This agreement could lead to a deterioration of our relationship with other service providers. If our relationship with such other service providers or third-party aggregators weakens, our ability to provide payment services to our consumers may be adversely effected. Additionally, if these third-party aggregators fail to meet certain quality standards, our business and reputation may suffer. If we fail to extend or renew agreements with these aggregators on acceptable terms, this may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Changes to payment card networks or bank fees, rules, or practices, or our inability to allow consumers to use payment cards on our platform could harm our business.

We depend on banks and other payment processors to process transactions through providers such as Visa and MasterCard and, with respect to Kenya, MPesa, which enables our acceptance of credit and debit cards (including some types of prepaid cards), as we do not have agreements directly with providers such as Visa and

 

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MasterCard. As a result of our reliance on these banks and other payment processors, in order to process these transactions, we must pay fees for the services, which are typically higher than those providers, such as Visa and MasterCard, would charge. From time to time, payment card networks have increased the interchange fees and assessments that they charge for each transaction that accesses their networks, and they may further increase such fees and assessments in the future. Our payment card processors have the right to pass any increases in interchange fees and assessments on to us or to increase their own fees for processing. Any changes in interchange fees and assessments could increase our operating costs and reduce our operating income.

We are required by our processors to comply with payment card network operating rules, including special operating rules for payment service providers to sellers, and we have agreed to reimburse our processors for any fines they are assessed by payment card networks as a result of any rule violations by us or our sellers. The payment card networks set and interpret the card operating rules. Payment card networks have from time to time alleged that various aspects of our business model violate these operating rules. If such allegations are not resolved, they could result in material fines and penalties or require changes in our business that may be costly. The payment card networks could adopt new operating rules or interpret or re-interpret existing rules that we or our processors might find difficult or even impossible to follow, or costly to implement. As a result, we could lose our ability to give consumers the option of using payment cards to fund their payments or the choice of currency in which they would like their card to be charged. Any inability to accept payment cards or any meaningful limitation in our ability to do so, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be subject to credit card fraud or other fraudulent behavior.

Under current credit card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions. We do not currently carry insurance against this risk. The risk of significant losses associated with credit card fraud increases as our net sales increase and as we continue to expand geographically.

Furthermore, there is no guarantee that our established fraud scoring and risk handling systems will function properly at all times or that there are no gaps or errors in our algorithms that may result in unauthorized purchases. In addition, increasingly strict legislation on data protection may limit our ability to obtain the data required for our algorithms to function properly. Consequently, we may fail to identify fraudulent transactions before they occur, prevent fraudulent transactions from occurring, or correctly assess the creditworthiness of our consumers who may have been victims of fraud.

If purchases or payments are not properly authorized or payment confirmations are transmitted in error, the relevant consumer may have insufficient funds or be able to defraud us, which could adversely affect our operations and result in increased legal expenses and fees. Consumers who are victims of fraudulent transactions where outside individuals use valid consumer account data to purchase goods have the right to require that we return those funds. Additionally consumers may be granted chargeback funds from sellers who later became insolvent. In such instances of fraud and seller insolvency, we may not be able to recover these chargebacks from sellers. We operate a delayed settlement regime in an effort to prevent this type of fraud and avoid distributing funds to insolvent sellers that fail to deliver their products. However, we cannot guarantee that such a regime will always prove effective.

Because our payment service is highly automated and allows for instant payment, we experience heightened susceptibility to fraud. We cannot completely guard against internal or external intruders into our data platform who may seek to use or manipulate our systems to create, transfer, or otherwise misappropriate funds belonging to legitimate consumers or to create new accounts or modify or delete existing accounts. We aim to balance convenience and security for sellers and consumers, and we cannot guarantee that we will be completely successful in preventing fraud. Furthermore, permitting new and innovative online payment options may increase the risk of fraud. High levels of fraud could result in an obligation to comply with additional requirements, pay higher payment processing fees or fines, or prevent us from retaining our consumers.

 

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Fraudulent behavior could subject us to liability, damage our reputation and brand and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Dissatisfaction with our consumer support could prevent us from retaining our consumers.

As most interactions with consumers and sellers are conducted online, consumers and sellers may become frustrated when they cannot communicate with a representative over the phone. We pursue a multi-channel approach to consumer support, responding to requests by email, through our hotlines and via social media. The satisfaction of our consumers depends on the effectiveness of our consumer service, particularly our ability to deal with complaints in a timely and satisfying manner. As we continue to grow, we may need to add consumer support capabilities and may not be able to do so in a timely manner, or at all. Any unsatisfactory response or lack of responsiveness by our consumer support team, whether due to interruptions of our hotlines or other factors, could adversely affect consumer satisfaction and loyalty.

Dissatisfaction with our consumer support could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our reputation and brand may adversely affect our business.

The recognition and reputation of our brand among our platform participants are critical for the growth and continued success of our business and for our competitiveness in the markets in which we operate. Any loss of trust in our platform could harm the value of our brand and result in consumers and sellers ceasing to transact business on our marketplace or participants reducing the level of their commercial activity in our ecosystem, which could materially reduce our revenue and profitability. As competition intensifies, we anticipate that maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand may become increasingly difficult and expensive, and investments to improve our reputation and increase the value of our brand may not be successful. Many factors, some of which are beyond our control, are important for maintaining and enhancing the reputation of our platform and brand, including our ability to:

 

   

maintain and improve the reliability and security of our platform;

 

   

maintain and improve the popularity, attractiveness, diversity, quality and value of the goods and services offered on our platform;

 

   

increase brand awareness through marketing and brand promotion activities;

 

   

preserve our reputation;

 

   

maintain and improve our relationships with sellers;

 

   

maintain and improve consumer satisfaction and loyalty;

 

   

maintain and improve the efficiency, reliability and quality of our payment and logistics services; and

 

   

manage new and existing technologies and sales channels, including our mobile applications.

Any failure to offer high quality goods and excellent consumer service could subject us to legal action or damage our reputation and brand and lead to a loss of consumers. For example, administrative agencies in several countries in which we operate require certification for various consumer goods before they can be offered for sale on our marketplace. Our third-party sellers are responsible for obtaining these certifications. If we allow third-party sellers to place their goods on our marketplace without proper certification, we might project to our consumers that they cannot always rely on goods available on our marketplace, we might be subject to fines or sanctions and we might face complaints from other compliant sellers. For example, one of our sellers recently complained that other sellers on our marketplace have listed goods without possessing the necessary licenses or certificates, while also asserting that we are responsible for aiding and abetting these improper listings. We also

 

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have procedures in place to ensure pre-shipping quality control checks, but, there can be no assurance that we will be able to catch all products that do not meet our quality standards, which could result in a loss of consumer confidence and harm our reputation. Our policy of delisting the sellers of noncompliant and/or low-quality goods until they produce the proper certificates and licenses or until their products meet our high quality standards allows us to respond to complaints from administrative agencies and sellers. However, any delisting of sellers limits the total number of sales on our marketplace.

A large percentage of our products are offered by third-party sellers and delivered by third-party companies and are not completely within our control. Consequently, we may receive negative publicity in cases of inappropriate actions of such sellers and delivery companies such as violations of product safety regulations, environmental standards, tax compliance, import rules, labor laws or incidents involving drivers and/or consumers that may make it more difficult for us to recruit new employees or may require us to change our business model. We also rely on third parties for information, including product characteristics and availability of goods we offer, which may be inaccurate. While our policy is to delist goods or sellers that fail to meet certain standards, there is no guarantee that we are capable of delisting these goods and sellers in a timely manner, or at all. Any negative publicity relating to an accident or other incident resulting in serious injury or death of consumers, employees or other individuals could have a material adverse effect on our reputation in our industry and in the countries in which we currently operate.

As we rely on a number of marketing channels, in particular social media sites, including Facebook, for the promotion of our brand and marketing efforts, any negative publicity may be accelerated through social media due to its immediacy and accessibility. Such negative publicity, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could damage our reputation, diminish the value of our brand, undermine the trust and credibility we have established and have a negative impact on our ability to attract new or retain existing consumers. Given the rapid nature of social media, we may be unable to react to such negative publicity in a timely manner. Negative publicity may also stem from our association with any of our shareholders or business partners.

We may be the target of anti-competitive behavior, harassment, or other detrimental conduct by third parties, including from our competitors. Such conduct may include complaints, anonymous or otherwise, to regulatory agencies, which may arise from actions taken by third parties or our own commercial actions. As a result of such conduct, we may be subject to government or regulatory investigation and may be required to expend significant time and incur substantial costs to address such conduct. There is no guarantee that we will be able to conclusively refute each of the allegations within a reasonable period of time, or at all.

Any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our reputation and brands, whether as a result of our own actions or those of third parties, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our significant investments in marketing may fail to yield the desired results.

In order to reach a diverse consumer base in the e-commerce industry and to further build awareness of our brand, we have incurred, and may continue to incur, substantial marketing expenses.

For purposes of planning our future marketing efforts, including deciding on the mix of marketing channels and setting our marketing budget, we rely on data regarding the effectiveness of marketing measures and channels collected in the past. Any inability to accurately measure the effectiveness of our marketing measures and channels, for example due to the time lag between the first consumer contact and the placement of an order as well as the time of the order and revenue realization, may lead to our marketing efforts not having the desired effect, which may negatively affect our growth and business. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that our assumptions regarding required consumer acquisition costs and resulting revenue, including those relating to the effectiveness of our marketing investments, will prove to be correct.

 

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We cannot guarantee that our current marketing channels will continue to be effective or generally available to us in the future. Our online partners may not be able to deliver the anticipated number of consumer visits, or visitors attracted to our marketplace by such events may not make the anticipated purchases. For example, in Nigeria, we conduct marketing through targeted TV and radio ads, in addition to our traditional online channels. Any disruption of these channels could affect the number of visitors attracted to our marketplace. New regulation may adversely affect certain marketing channels, in particular regulation aimed at controlling and censoring social media and increasing data protection of natural persons. If we are not able to use our existing marketing channels due to increasing regulatory scrutiny, it could limit our ability to acquire and retain consumers.

An inability to attract sufficient traffic to our platform, translate a sufficient number of website visits into purchasers with sufficiently large order values, build and maintain a loyal consumer base, increase the purchase frequency of these consumers, or do any of the foregoing on a cost-effective basis, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be unable to effectively communicate with our consumers through email, other messages or social media.

We rely on newsletters in the form of emails and other messaging services in order to promote our marketplace and inform consumers of our product offerings and/or the status of their transactions. Changes in how webmail services organize and prioritize emails could reduce the number of consumers opening our emails. For example, Google’s Gmail service provides a feature that organizes incoming emails into categories. Such tools and features could result in our emails and other messages being shown as “spam” or as lower priority to our consumers, which could reduce the likelihood of consumers opening or responding positively to them. Actions by third parties to block, impose restrictions on, or charge for the delivery of emails and other messages, as well as legal or regulatory changes with respect to “permission-based marketing” or generally limiting our right to send such messages or imposing additional requirements on our ability to conduct email marketing or send other messages, could impair our ability to communicate with our consumers. If we are unable to send emails or other messages to our consumers, if such messages are delayed or if consumers do not receive or decline to open them, we would no longer be able to use this free marketing channel. This could impair our marketing efforts or make them more expensive if we have to increase spending on paid marketing channels to compensate and as a result, our business could be adversely affected.

Additionally, malfunctions of our email and messaging services could result in erroneous messages being sent and consumers no longer wanting to receive any messages from us. Furthermore, our process of obtaining consent from visitors to our marketplace to receive newsletters and other messages from us and to allow us to use their data may be insufficient or invalid. As a result, such individuals or third parties may accuse us of sending unsolicited advertisements and other messages, and our use of email and other messaging services could result in claims against us.

Since we also rely on social media to communicate with our consumers, changes to the terms and conditions of relevant providers could limit our ability to communicate through social media. These services may change their algorithms or interfaces without notifying us, which may reduce our visibility. In addition, there could be a decline in the use of such social media by our consumers, in which case we may be required to find other, potentially more expensive, communication channels.

An inability to communicate through emails, other messages or social media could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on service providers to drive traffic to our website, and these providers may change their search engine algorithms or pricing in ways that could negatively affect our business.

Our success depends on our ability to attract consumers in a cost-effective manner. With respect to our marketing channels, we rely heavily on relationships with providers of online services, search engines, social

 

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media, directories and other websites to provide content, advertising banners and other links that direct consumers to our websites. We rely on these relationships as significant sources of traffic to our marketplace.

Search engine companies change their natural search engine algorithms periodically, and our ranking in organic search results may be adversely affected by those changes. Search engine companies may also determine that we are not in compliance with their guidelines and consequently penalize us in their algorithms. If search engines change or penalize us with their algorithms, terms of service, display and featuring of search results, or if competition increases for advertisements, we may be unable to cost-effectively drive consumers to our website and apps.

We generally do not enter into written agreements with our marketing providers, which is why they are typically not contractually bound by any specific performance commitments. In addition, many of the parties with whom we have online advertising arrangements provide advertising services to other companies, including retailers with whom we compete. As competition for online advertising has increased, the cost for some of these services has also increased. A significant increase in the cost of the marketing services upon which we rely could adversely impact our ability to attract consumers in a cost effective manner and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Investments in our technology platform and technology infrastructure may not yield the desired results.

We have developed a scalable and proprietary technology platform to facilitate and integrate our business operations, data gathering analysis and online marketing capabilities and have invested significant capital and time into building and updating our technology platform and infrastructure. In order to remain competitive, we expect to continue to make significant investments in our technology. However, there is no guarantee that the resources we have invested or will invest in the future will allow us to develop suitable technology solutions and maintain and expand our technology platform and technology infrastructure as intended, which may adversely affect our ability to compete or require us to purchase expensive software solutions from third-party developers.

If our investments in our technology platform and technology infrastructure do not yield the desired results, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may fail to operate, maintain, integrate and upgrade our technology infrastructure, or to adopt and apply technological advances.

Our growth and success depend on our websites and apps being accessible to consumers at all times. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the availability of our websites and apps, especially during peak usage times and as our product offering becomes more complex and the number of visitors to our marketplace increases. We have experienced disruptions in the past, including temporary downtimes of our websites, and we may experience disruptions, outages, or other issues in the future, due to changes in our technology infrastructure, software malfunctions, fires, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, vandalism or sabotage. If we fail to effectively address capacity constraints, respond adequately to disruptions or upgrade our technology infrastructure, our mobile apps or websites could become unavailable or fail to load quickly, and consumers may decide to shop elsewhere, and may not return, which could adversely affect our business.

Given that the internet and mobile devices are characterized by rapid technological advances, including advances in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, micro-services and server-less architecture, our future success will depend on our ability to adapt our websites, apps and other parts of our technology platform to such advances and to sustain their interoperability with relevant operating systems. As traditional internet penetration is low in Africa, our consumers largely rely on mobile devices to access our offerings. In particular, purchases from mobile devices have increased rapidly since we introduced our apps. However, the variety of technical and other configurations across mobile devices and platforms makes it more difficult to develop websites and apps that are suitable for multiple channels. In addition, any changes in popular operating systems

 

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may reduce the functionality of our websites and apps or give preferential treatment to competitors. Any failure to adapt to technological advances in a timely manner and to integrate our offerings through our websites and apps could decrease the attractiveness of our websites and apps and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may experience malfunctions or disruptions of our technology systems.

We rely on a complex technology platform and technology systems to operate our websites and apps. While we analyze our technology systems regularly, we may not be able to correctly assess their susceptibility to errors, hacking or viruses. For example, certain software we use for our business is based on open source software, which may expose our business to systemic problems if errors in the open source code are not detected in a timely manner.

Our systems may experience service interruptions or degradation because of hardware and software defects or malfunctions, computer denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, or other events. Our systems are also subject to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. In particular, as we have not yet completed a full disaster recovery check, we may not be aware of any material weaknesses in our disaster recovery systems. Any failure of or disruptions to our technology systems may lead to significant malfunctions and downtimes of our websites and apps. If our algorithms suffer from programing failures or our technology systems experience disruptions, we may be unable to deliver goods on time or misallocate goods, either of which could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, we do not have an adequate business continuity infrastructure, and any failure of a key piece of infrastructure may lead to extended outages and generally affect our business continuity. In addition, we may not adequately manage malfunctions. If we cannot fix any malfunction ourselves, we may have to pay third parties to fix the malfunction or to license functioning software, which may be costly.

We have experienced and will likely continue to experience system failures, denial-of-service attacks and other events or conditions from time to time that interrupt the availability or reduce the speed or functionality of our websites and mobile applications. Reliability is particularly critical for us because the full-time availability of our payment services is critical to our goal of gaining widespread acceptance among consumers and sellers, in particular with respect to digital and mobile payments. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our services could cause current or potential consumers to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our sites, which could irreparably harm our reputation and brands. To the extent that any system failure or similar event results in damages to our consumers or their businesses, these consumers could seek significant compensation from us for their losses and such claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and costly to address.

In addition, we depend on certain third-party service providers to operate and maintain certain of our technology systems, such as cloud services. If such service providers experience malfunctions or disruptions of their technology or increase their prices, it could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, if we need to switch service providers, for example if certain software is no longer fully compatible with our technology platform or no longer available in any country in which we currently operate (e.g., due to sanctions), there is no guarantee that alternative service providers will be available to us or that we would manage the transition successfully.

As we continue to grow our business, we may be required to further scale our technology platform and technology systems, including by adding and migrating to new systems and proprietary software, replacing outdated hardware and increasing the integration of our technology systems. Such changes may, however, be delayed or fail due to malfunctions or an inability to integrate new software and functions with our existing technology platform, resulting in disruptions to our operations and insufficient scale to support our future growth. In addition, as a provider of payments solutions, we are subject to increased scrutiny by regulators that may

 

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require specific business continuity and disaster recovery plans and more rigorous testing of such plans. This increased scrutiny may be costly and time consuming and may divert our resources from other business priorities.

Any malfunctions and disruptions of our technology systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our use of open source software may pose particular risks to our proprietary software and systems.

We use open source software in our proprietary software and systems and intend to continue using open source software in the future. The licenses applicable to our use of open source software may require that source code that is developed using open source software be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to certain open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses.

From time to time, we may face claims from third parties claiming infringement of their intellectual property rights, or demanding the release or license of the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary source code) or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, be limited in or cease using the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer such software to avoid infringement or change the use of, or remove, the implicated open source software.

In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties, indemnities or other contractual protections with respect to the software (for example, non-infringement or functionality). Our use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our website and systems that rely on open source software.

Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may experience security breaches and disruptions due to hacking, viruses, fraud, malicious attacks and other circumstances.

We operate websites, apps and other technology systems through which we collect, maintain, transmit and store sensitive information, such as credit card information, about our consumers, sellers, suppliers and other third parties. We also store proprietary information and business secrets. Additionally, we employ third-party service providers that store, process and transmit such information on our behalf, in particular payment details. Furthermore, we rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to securely transmit sensitive and confidential information. While we take steps such as the use of password policies and firewalls to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of sensitive and confidential information, our security practices may be insufficient and third parties may access our technology systems without authorization – such as through Trojans, spyware, ransomware or other malware attacks – which may result in unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. Such attacks might lead to blackmailing attempts, forcing us to pay substantial amounts to release our captured data or resulting in the unauthorized release of such data. Given that techniques used in these attacks change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, it may be impossible to properly secure our technology systems. In addition, technical advances or a continued expansion and increased complexity of our technology platform could increase the likelihood of security breaches.

Security breaches may also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or third-party service providers. Insufficient security practices, such as inadequate

 

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policies to enforce password complexity, the saving of username and password combinations on local browsers, any failure to update permissions granted to current or former employees, any weakness in access controls, the use of default credentials or their reuse coupled with the use of third-party cloud services, the use of unauthorized and unprotected software as well as inadequate physical protection against unauthorized access may make our technology systems vulnerable and lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information.

Any leakage of sensitive information could lead to a misuse of data, including unsolicited emails or other messages based on spam lists fed with such data. Inefficient management of administrator and user accounts may increase the risk of fraud and malfunctions. In addition, any such breach could violate applicable privacy, data security and other laws, and cause significant legal and financial risks or negative publicity, and could adversely affect our business and reputation. We may need to devote significant resources to protect ourselves against security breaches or to address such breaches, and there is no guarantee that our resources will be sufficient to do so. Furthermore, we provide certain information to third-party service providers, such as Google, who help us assess the performance of our business. Consequently, we have only limited control over the protection of such information by the relevant third-party service providers and may be adversely affected by breaches and disruptions of their respective technology systems.

Security breaches and disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We depend on our personnel to grow and operate our business and may not be able to retain and replace existing personnel or to attract new personnel.

We are a founder-led business and depend heavily on the continued input of our founders Sacha Poignonnec and Jeremy Hodara. We also depend upon the continued services and performance of our other officers and other key personnel, many of whom have a level of experience and local knowledge that would be difficult to replicate. The unexpected departure or loss of any of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain suitable replacements for such personnel in a timely manner or at all. We may also incur significant additional costs in recruiting and retaining suitable replacements. In addition, from time to time, there may be changes in our management team that may be disruptive to our business.

Our success and growth strategy also depend on our ability to expand our business by identifying, attracting, recruiting, training, integrating, managing and motivating new and talented personnel, which may require significant time, investments, and management attention. Competition for talent is intense, particularly for technology experts and other qualified personnel in our fields of operations. For example, other leading technology platforms also operate technology centers in Porto and compete directly with us for the same talent pool. In addition, certain governments started to promote access of indigenous peoples to better workplaces by limiting the number of expatriates or foreign workers. While our local workforces are mostly comprised of local employees, our group-level management and certain key personnel on a local level are expatriates from countries outside Africa, and any employment and immigration regulations may adversely affect our ability to retain or replace the required personnel. In addition, our employees and/or the third-party service providers with whom we collaborate may experience accidents or become victims of criminal actions in carrying out their duties, which may make it more difficult for us to recruit new employees or may even require us to change our business model.

An inability to retain and replace existing personnel or to attract new personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We manage our operations on a decentralized basis, which presents certain risks, including the risk that we may be slower or less able to identify or react to problems affecting our business than we would in a more centralized environment.

While we have a number of administrative functions teams located in Dubai, UAE, and a central technology, research and development and data team located in Porto, Portugal, we manage our operations on a

 

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decentralized basis and our local managers are given significant freedom concerning day-to-day operations. This structure presents various risks, including the risk that we may be slower or less able to identify or react to problems affecting our business than we would in a more centralized environment. In addition, we may be slower to detect compliance related problems, and “company-wide” business initiatives, such as the integration of disparate information technology systems, may be more challenging and costly to implement, and their risk of failure higher, than they would be in a more centralized environment. Depending on the nature of the problem or initiative in question, such failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture, we could lose the innovation, creativity and teamwork fostered by our culture, which could harm our business.

We believe that our entrepreneurial and collaborative corporate culture has been an important contributor to our success, which we believe fosters innovation, teamwork and passion among our employees. As we continue to grow, we may have difficulties in maintaining or adapting our culture to sufficiently meet the needs of our future and evolving operations, and we must be able to effectively integrate, develop and motivate a growing number of employees. In addition, our ability to maintain our culture as a public company, with the attendant changes in policies, practices, corporate governance and management requirements may be challenging. Any failure to preserve our culture could also negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, maintain our performance or execute on our business strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to various risks for which we may not be adequately insured.

While we have purchased what we consider to be market standard insurance coverage customary in our industry, such insurance does not cover all risks associated with our business. Accidents and other events, including interruptions or security breaches of our technology platform, could potentially lead to interruptions of our operations or cause us to incur significant costs, all of which may not be covered or fully covered by our insurance policies. In addition, our insurance coverage is subject to various limitations and exclusions, retentions amounts and limits. Furthermore, if any of our insurance providers becomes insolvent, we may not be able to successfully claim payment from such insurance provider. In the future, we may not be able to obtain coverage at current levels, or at all, and premiums for our insurance may increase significantly.

A lack of adequate insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be subject to allegations and lawsuits concerning anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing.

As cash payments continue to be the most trusted and most widely used payment method in the countries in which we currently operate, our operations mainly depend on our “cash on delivery” payment option, where consumers pay for their order in cash upon delivery. We have implemented and aim to improve our various group-wide policies and procedures, including internal controls and “know-your-customer” procedures, and comply with all applicable anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws and regulations for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing. However, our policies and procedures may not be completely effective in preventing other parties from using our platform, or any financial institutions we collaborate with, as a conduit for money laundering (including illegal cash operations) or terrorist financing without our knowledge. Although we take steps to appropriately diligence our sellers, we cannot guarantee that our ecosystem is void of individuals and entities (collectively, “persons”) who are the target of U.S. sanctions, including persons designated on the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (“OFAC”) Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List or other international sanctions. In addition to our own internal procedures, we rely on certain payment and lending service providers, including banks and other financial institutions, to have their own appropriate anti-money laundering compliance policies and procedures.

 

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We have not been subject to fines or other penalties or suffered business or other reputational harm as a result of actual or alleged money laundering or terrorist financing activities. However, if we were to be associated with money laundering or terrorist financing, our reputation could suffer and we could become subject to regulatory fines, sanctions, potential criminal charges for failure to report such activity, or other forms of legal enforcement, including being added to any “blacklists” that would prohibit certain parties (for example, U.S. banks and financial institutions) from engaging in transactions with us, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations. Even if we and any financial institutions with whom we collaborate comply with applicable anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws and regulations, we and such financial institutions may not be able to ensure full compliance with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws and regulations in light of their complexity and the secrecy of these activities.

Any negative perception of us or our industry, such as that arising from any failure of us or others in our industry to detect or prevent money laundering or terrorist financing activities, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could compromise our reputation, undermine the trust and credibility we have established, and negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our activities or the activities of our shareholders in countries targeted by economic sanctions may negatively affect our reputation.

Various members of the international community have targeted certain countries, including Iran, with economic sanctions and other restrictive measures. Within the applicable framework, we allow consumers to book hotels in and flights serving Iran. While the revenue from these offers is immaterial, we cannot rule out that negative publicity around these offers may harm our reputation. Further, any violation by us of applicable economic sanctions laws or regulations or other restrictive measures could result in criminal, civil and/or material financial penalties. In addition, our indirect shareholder, MTN Group Limited, holds a 49% indirect, non-controlling interest in Irancell, which operates Iran’s second largest mobile network and offers international voice, interconnect and roaming services. MTN Group Limited also has a beneficial interest of about 44% in Iranian e-commerce business Snapp (also known as Iran Internet Group), which includes retail marketplace, ride hailing, travel, delivery and food delivery businesses. These and other activities of our current or future shareholders in countries targeted by economic sanctions may harm our reputation or may lead to us being targeted by divestment and similar initiatives.

We conduct a substantial amount of our business in foreign currencies, which heightens our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.

We are subject to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the Euro, our reporting currency, and currencies of other countries where we market or source our goods, for example the Nigerian Naira, the Egyptian Pound, the Kenyan Shilling and the West African CFA Franc. Such fluctuations may result in significant increases or decreases in our reported revenue and other results as expressed in Euro, and in the reported value of our assets, liabilities and cash flows. In addition, currency fluctuation may adversely affect receivables, payables, debt, firm commitments and forecast transactions denominated in foreign currencies. In particular, transition risks arise where parts of the cost of sales are not denominated in the same currency of such sales. Fluctuation in exchange rates, depreciation of local currencies, changes in monetary and/or fiscal policy or inflation in the countries in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Exchange controls may restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to convert or transfer sums in foreign currencies.

Our ability to generate operating cash flows at the level of the Company depends on the ability of its subsidiaries to upstream funds. Several of the countries in which we currently operate have exchange controls

 

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that can, from time to time place, restrictions on the exchange of local currency for foreign currency and the transfer of funds abroad. These controls generally have not created major operational problems in the past because of our negative profitability, but may become more onerous in the future. These controls and other controls that may be implemented in the future could limit the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer cash to us.

Moreover, in some of the countries in which we currently operate, our sellers have experienced, and may experience in the future, difficulties in converting large amounts of local currency into foreign currency due in particular to illiquid foreign exchange markets, preventing them from importing certain goods and impeding their ability to sell successfully on our marketplace. In addition, as the cash flows of certain countries are highly dependent on the export of certain raw materials, the ability to convert such currencies can be limited by the timing of payments for such exports, requiring us to organize our currency conversions around such constraints.

We can offer no assurance that additional restrictions on currency exchange will not be implemented in the future or that these restrictions will not limit the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer cash to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If we are unable to accurately assess our performance through certain key performance indicators, this may adversely affect our ability to determine and implement appropriate strategies.

We assess the success of our business through a set of key performance indicators such as the number of Active Consumers, GMV and Adjusted EBITDA. Our key performance indicators may not be comparable to similarly named indicators used by our competitors.

Capturing accurate data to calculate our key performance indicators may be difficult, in particular due to our limited operating history, and there is no guarantee that the information we have collected thus far is accurate or reliable. For example, we use consumer accounts to determine the number of Active Consumers. The number of consumer accounts may, however, be higher than the number of actual individual Active Consumers. GMV could be inflated due to weak or error-prone data collection processes or malicious seller or consumer behavior. Furthermore, we obtain certain information from third-party service providers who help us assess the performance of our business, including Google Analytics. Such relevant third-party service providers may not fully disclose the methods of how they compile such information and we cannot guarantee that such information is accurate.

As a result, our key performance indicators may not reflect our actual operating or financial performance and are not reliable indicators of our current or future revenue or profitability. Potential investors should therefore not place undue reliance on these key performance indicators in connection with an investment in our ADSs. The management of our business depends on our key performance indicators and other indicators derived from them, and if any of these indicators are inaccurate, we may make poor decisions. Furthermore, if we report key performance indicators that are significantly wrong, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and reliability of information we report, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not accurately forecast income and appropriately plan our expenses.

We base our current and future expense levels on our operating forecasts and estimates of future income. Income and operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume and timing of orders placed on our marketplace and their fulfillment, all of which are uncertain. Additionally, our business is affected by general economic and business conditions around the world. A softening in income, whether caused by changes in consumer preferences or a weakening in local or global economies, may result in decreased revenue levels, and we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in income. This inability could cause our loss after tax in a given quarter to be higher than expected. If actual results differ from our estimates, our net income in a given quarter may be lower than expected.

 

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We make provisions based on management’s risk assessment at the time of finalization of the relevant financial statements. Where risks are estimated as probable, we make provisions in our financial statements. The risk assessment may change from one period to another, and additional risks may emerge. Changes in the risk assessment may lead to the recognition of additional provisions or the reversal of existing provisions, which can have a material impact on our net income or loss. Further, while the impact of risks that have already been provided for on our net income or loss is limited, the materialization of such risks may lead to substantial cash outflows, which may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. As of December 31, 2018, we had provisions for liabilities and other charges of €30.4 million, including tax provisions of €30.3 million.

If we do not accurately forecast income or appropriately plan our expenses, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuation which may have a material impact on our results.

Our business is seasonal and, consequently, our revenue tends to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. For example, we consider the fourth quarter as especially important for generating revenue. In addition, certain special events, in particular Black Friday, elections or Jumia Anniversary, result in increased demand for goods on our marketplace. In the future, such seasonality may become even more pronounced if consumers focus more strongly on certain special events.

As a result of this seasonality, any factor that adversely affects demand for goods on our marketplace during periods where we generally experience particularly high demand, including unfavorable economic conditions at the relevant time, logistics and other fulfillment constraints resulting in higher delivery times, malfunctions of our websites, and special offers from our competitors, may have a disproportionate effect on our performance, and we may incur lower revenue and losses due to write-offs on excess inventory. For example, Ramadan has positive effects, such as a higher orders for certain products prior to Ramadan, and negative effects, such as logistics and fulfillment constraints due to a limited workforce during Ramadan.

In addition, any negative effects of weak overall demand during those periods are likely to be exacerbated by industry-wide price reductions designed to clear out excess merchandise. Seasonality also makes it difficult for us to accurately forecast demand for our goods and source sufficient volumes of these goods. If we fail to anticipate high demand for our goods and do not meet such demand, we may lose consumers and revenue and may be unable to grow our business. Our results of operations have fluctuated and are likely to continue to fluctuate due to these and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, our rapid growth has masked the seasonality that might otherwise be apparent in our results of operations. If our growth slows, we expect that the seasonality in our business may become more pronounced.

Given that our results may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, our results of operations for one quarter or year cannot necessarily be compared to another quarter or year and may not be indicative of our future financial performance in subsequent quarters or years. Period to period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful, and you should not rely upon them as an indication of future performance.

Required licenses, permits or approvals may be difficult to obtain in the countries in which we currently operate, and once obtained may be amended or revoked arbitrarily or may not be renewed.

Given our diversified offering of goods and services, we require numerous approvals and licenses from national, regional, and local governmental or regulatory authorities in the countries in which we currently operate. For example, we may be required to obtain licenses to be able to continue offering or expand certain of our payment solutions or lending services, and there can be no assurance that we will obtain any such licenses in a timely manner or at all. Even if obtained, licenses are subject to review, interpretation, modification or termination by the relevant authorities.

 

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Additionally, in certain jurisdictions in which we currently operate, we do not have the necessary licenses to operate as a direct payment service provider. Instead, we offer our JumiaPay services in certain markets (for example, Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, and Ivory Coast) through agreements we have with existing licensed banks or payment service providers. If any of these partners were to lose their license, it might prohibit them from continuing to offer services and could inhibit our operations as well. Any unfavorable interpretation or modification or any termination of a required license may significantly harm our operations in the relevant country or may require us to close down parts or all of our operations in the relevant country.

We can offer no assurance that the relevant authorities will not take any action that could materially and adversely affect these licenses, permits or approvals or our ability to sell goods and provide our services, such as actions to increase license, permit or approval fees or reduce the scope of permitted services. We may experience difficulties in obtaining or maintaining some of these licenses, approvals and permits, which may require us to undertake significant efforts and incur additional expenses. If we operate without a license, which we have done in the past, we could be subject to fines, criminal prosecution or other legal action. Any difficulties in obtaining or maintaining licenses, approvals or permits or the amendment or revocation thereof could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks

Our global operations involve additional risks, and we are subject to or may otherwise face exposure under numerous, complex and sometimes conflicting legal and regulatory regimes.

Our business is subject to numerous laws in different countries, including laws applicable to the e-commerce sector such as laws with respect to privacy, data protection and data security, online content and telecommunications and laws applicable to public companies in general, in particular laws with respect to intellectual property protection, local employment, tax, finance, money laundering, online payment, consumer protection, product liability and the labeling of our goods, competition, anti-corruption and international sanctions. Operating in foreign countries entails an inherent risk of misinterpreting and incorrectly implementing local laws and regulations. In addition, numerous laws and regulations apply to goods on our marketplace. Since we do not manufacture these goods ourselves, our ability to ensure that such goods comply with all applicable regulations is limited. A change in laws and regulations relating to consumer products, products liability or consumer protection in any of the markets in which we operate could require additional investments in order to develop better quality control measures for our platform, increase product safety, or defend against potential products liability litigation.

We cannot guarantee that we have always been in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations in the past, nor that we will be able to fully comply with them in the future. Additionally, we strive to obtain and retain all necessary business licenses, permissions and clearances in each of the countries in which we operate. However, we cannot guarantee that relevant regulators will agree with our position regarding the adequacy of our existing regulatory licenses and permissions or our legal analyses concerning the requirement to obtain clearances, including anti-trust clearances. We take a dynamic approach to ensuring compliance with applicable laws and regulations, relying on senior management in each jurisdiction where we operate to identify and interpret on an ongoing basis the laws and regulations that apply to our business activities. Uncertainties in the legal and regulatory framework may, from time to time, affect our judgment or the legal assessment and opinion of outside legal counsel and lead to incorrect risk-based judgments regarding the relevance of certain legal requirements. For example, past uncertainty regarding proper building licenses in Egypt resulted in us incorrectly obtaining warehouse licenses that permitted manufacturing activities but not storage activities. Additionally, at times we have failed to delist in a timely manner noncompliant products and sellers due to uncertainty regarding the legality or regulatory compliance of certain products. The violation of any of the laws or regulations applicable to us — including laws and regulations relating to consumer products, product liability or consumer protection — may result in litigation, criminal prosecution, damage claims from consumers, business partners and/or competitors or extensive investigations by governmental authorities and substantial fines being imposed on us. Even unfounded allegations of non-compliance may adversely affect our reputation and business.

 

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Any changes in the legal framework applicable to our business could adversely affect our operations and profitability. If we continue to expand our business, we will become subject to new legal frameworks that are even more complex. In the future, we may further expand our geographic footprint, including by entering into adjacent geographic markets. The laws and regulations of various countries in which we currently operate or may operate in the future are evolving. Consequently, such laws and regulations may change and sometimes may conflict with each other, making it more difficult to observe them.

At any time, authorities in the countries where we currently operate may require us to obtain additional, or extend existing, licenses, permits or approvals. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain these in a timely and cost effective manner. Authorities may revoke existing licenses, and we may not be able to appeal any such revocations in a timely and/or effective manner, or at all.

The materialization of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.

We collect personally identifiable information and other data from our consumers and prospective consumers. We use this information to provide services and relevant products to our consumers, to support, expand and improve our business, and to tailor our marketing and advertising efforts. We may also share consumers’ personal data with certain third parties as authorized by the consumer or as described in our privacy policy. As a result, we are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to the protection of personal data, privacy and information security in certain countries where we do business, and there has been, and we expect there will continue to be, a significant increase globally in laws that restrict or control the use of personal data.

For example, in Europe, the data privacy and information security regime recently underwent a significant change, continues to evolve, and is subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny. The new General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which came into force on May 25, 2018, implemented more stringent operational requirements for the use of personal data. These more stringent requirements include expanded disclosures to inform consumers about the use of personal data, increased controls on profiling consumers and increased rights for consumers to access, control and delete their personal data. In addition, there are mandatory data breach notification requirements and significantly increased penalties of the greater of €20 million or 4% of global turnover for the preceding financial year. Due to the introduction of the GDPR in the European Union, we decided to implement geo-blocking software to prevent consumers located in the European Union from transacting on our platform as we may not fulfill all GDPR requirements.

Additionally, the regulatory landscape surrounding data protection, data privacy and information security is rapidly changing across Africa. Among the African countries in which we operate, only Ivory Coast, Ghana, Senegal, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa and Tunisia have established comprehensive data protection and data privacy laws. These data protection laws and regulations were only recently enacted. For example, the National Information Technology Development Agency in Nigeria passed new data protection guidelines in 2017, and we are in the process of implementing new policies to comply with these regulations.

Compliance with the various data protection laws in Africa is challenging due to the complex and sometimes contradictory nature of the different regulatory regimes. Because data protection regulations are not uniform among the various African nations in which we operate, our ability to transmit consumer information across borders is limited by our ability to comply with conditions and restrictions that vary from country to country. In countries with particularly strict data protection laws, we might not be able to transmit data out of the country at all and may be required to host individual servers in each such country where we collect data. For

 

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example, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Senegal, Morocco, and Tunisia all restrict data transfer across borders. Ghana also requires that a company notify consumers in the event of a personal data breach. Egypt currently has no data protection and privacy laws. However, the Egyptian government announced in 2017 that it is committed to doubling the size of its e-commerce sector by 2020, and intends to update all legislation and regulation relevant to e-commerce.

Moreover, many data protection regimes apply based on where a consumer is located, and as we expand and new laws are enacted or existing laws change, we may be subject to new laws, regulations or standards or new interpretations of existing laws, regulations or standards, including those in the areas of data security, data privacy and regulation of email providers and those that require localization of certain data, which could require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with rapidly evolving privacy or security laws, policies, legal obligations or industry standards or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other consumer data may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation (including consumer class actions), criminal prosecution, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our consumers to lose trust in us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be adversely affected by changes in the regulations applicable to the use of the internet and the e-commerce sector.

As the internet continues to revolutionize commercial relationships on a global scale and online penetration increases, new laws and regulations relating to the use of the internet in general and the e-commerce sector in particular may be adopted. These laws and regulations may govern the collection, use and protection of data, consumer protection, online payments, pricing, anti-bribery, tax, country specific prices and website contents and other aspects relevant to our business. The adoption or modification of laws or regulations relating to our operations could adversely affect our business by increasing compliance costs, including as a result of confidentiality or security breaches in case of non-compliance, and administrative burdens. In particular, privacy related regulation could interfere with our strategy to collect and use personal information as part of our data-driven approach along the value chain. For example, the National Information Technology Development Agency in Nigeria recently enacted new data protection guidelines in 2017. We currently comply with these new guidelines, and our data protection and privacy policies address methods for continued compliance with such guidelines. We must comply with applicable regulations in all of the countries in which we operate, and any non-compliance could lead to fines and other sanctions.

Changes to the regulation applicable to the use of the internet and the e-commerce sector could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The legal and regulatory environment in certain countries in which we operate can be unstable, which may slow economic development.

Our business, and the goods and services we offer, are subject to a variety of legislative and regulatory measures in the countries in which we currently operate. Many of the countries in which we currently operate have a less established legal system than the United States.

Weaknesses in legal systems and legislation in many of these countries create uncertainty for investments and business due to changing requirements that may be costly, incoherent and contradictory, limited budgets for judicial systems, questionable judicial interpretations and/or inadequate regulatory regimes. These risks could have a negative impact on economic conditions in the countries in which we currently operate. These factors could also result in the interruption of certain of our businesses or an increase in operating expenses in the

 

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relevant countries. Changes in legislative and regulatory provisions in these countries, which we may not be able to anticipate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Furthermore, government authorities have a high degree of discretion in many of the markets in which we currently operate, and have sometimes exercised their discretion in ways that may be perceived as selective or arbitrary, or in a manner that could be seen as being influenced by political or commercial considerations. Moreover, many of the governments in the countries in which we currently operate have the power in certain circumstances, by regulation or other government action, to interfere with the performance of contracts or to terminate them or declare them null and void. Governmental actions may include withdrawal of licenses, withholding of permits, criminal prosecutions and civil actions. In some countries, when the economic environment has deteriorated and in order to compensate for the resulting revenue shortages, authorities have imposed new regulations, in particular relating to tax and customs duties, sometimes unexpectedly. There is no guarantee that legislative authorities in the countries in which we currently operate will not pass new laws or regulations or amend existing laws and regulations in a manner that would significantly negatively impact our business model or may even render our business model no longer viable.

The weakness of the legal systems in the emerging countries in which we currently operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We do business in certain countries where corruption is considered to be widespread, and we are exposed to the risk of extortion and violation of anti-corruption laws and regulations.

Anti-corruption laws and regulations in force in many countries generally prohibit companies from making direct or indirect payments to civil servants, public officials or members of governments for the purpose of entering into or maintaining business relationships. In addition, we are subject to certain provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”). The FCPA prohibits providing, offering, promising, or authorizing, directly or indirectly, anything of value to government officials, political parties, or political candidates for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. We conduct business in, or may expand our business to, certain countries where there is a high risk of corruption and extortion and in some cases, where corruption and extortion are considered to be widespread and where our companies may have to obtain approvals, licenses, permits, or other regulatory approvals from public officials.

Therefore, we are exposed to the risk that our employees, consultants, agents, or other third parties working on our behalf, could make, offer, promise or authorize payments or other benefits in violation of anti-corruption laws and regulations, especially in response to demands or attempts at extortion. We have implemented prevention and training programs as well as internal policies and procedures designed to promote best practices and detect and prevent such violations. However, these prevention and training measures may prove to be insufficient, and our employees, consultants and agents may have been or could be engaged in activities for which we or the relevant officers could be held liable. We can make no assurance that the policies and procedures, even if enhanced, will be followed at all times or effectively detect and prevent all violations of the applicable laws and every instance of fraud, bribery and corruption.

In addition, some anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the FCPA, require that we maintain accurate books and records that reflect the disposition of company assets in reasonable detail, and that we implement appropriate internal controls, to ensure that our operations of do not involve corruption, illegal payments or extortion. The great diversity and complexity of these local laws and regulations and the decentralized nature of our business in various countries and markets create a risk that, in some instances, we may be deemed liable for violations of applicable laws and regulations, in particular, in connection with a failure to comply with those laws and regulations relating to books and records, financial reporting, or internal controls, among others.

Any actual or perceived violation or breach of these anti-corruption laws and regulations, including any potential governmental or internal investigations of perceived or actual misconduct, could affect our overall

 

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reputation and, depending on the case, expose us to administrative or judicial proceedings, which could result in criminal and civil judgments, including fines and monetary penalties, a possible prohibition on maintaining business relationships with suppliers or consumers in certain countries, and other negative consequences which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may face exposure under certain export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability for non-compliance.

Our business activities may expose us to various trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including, without limitation, OFAC’s trade and economic sanctions programs (“Trade Controls”). In such circumstances, such Trade Controls may prohibit or restrict our ability to, directly or indirectly, conduct activities or dealings in or with certain countries that are the subject of comprehensive embargoes (i.e., sanctioned countries), as well as with individuals or entities that are the target of Trade Controls-related prohibitions and restrictions (i.e., sanctioned parties). Additionally, our sales and services to certain consumers may at times trigger reporting requirements under U.S. law.

Although we have implemented controls designed to ensure compliance with applicable Trade Controls, our failure to successfully comply therewith may expose us to negative legal and business consequences, potentially including civil or criminal penalties, government investigations, and financial and reputational harm, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Increased labor costs, compliance with labor laws and regulations and failure to maintain good relations with labor unions may adversely affect our results of operations.

We are required to comply with extensive labor regulations in each of the countries in which we have employees, including with respect to wages, social security benefits and termination payments. If we fail to comply with these regulations we may face labor claims and government fines, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We use the services of freelancers to promote our offerings. There can be no guarantee that the relationship we have with these freelancers will not be viewed as an employment arrangement, which may lead to an increase in our personnel expenses.

Governments may adopt laws, regulations and other measures requiring companies in the private sector to increase wages and provide specified benefits to employees. Additionally, although we currently compensate members of our JForce program as independent sales consultants, it is possible that certain jurisdictions may reclassify them as employees, which would require us to change their compensation and benefits structure. We may face pressure from our labor unions or otherwise to increase employee salaries, and we face the risk that other labor-related disputes may arise. Labor disputes that result in strikes or other disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our risk management and compliance structure was implemented only recently, and there is a risk that it may prove inadequate.

Currently, we lack a dedicated centralized compliance function. However, we recently began implementing a group-wide risk management and compliance program that is aimed at preventing corruption, fraud and other criminal or other forms of non-compliance by our management, employees, consultants, agents and sellers. Although we seek to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of this program and the frequency at which we perform systematic compliance checks, given the broad scope of our operations and, in particular, the fact that corruption and extortion are common in some countries in which we currently operate or in which we have operated in the past, such controls may prove to be insufficient to prevent or detect non-compliant conduct. Additionally, certain employees, consultants, agents or sellers may still engage in illegal practices or corruption

 

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to win business or to conspire in order to circumvent our compliance controls. Similarly, our risk management function may fail to identify, mitigate or manage relevant risk exposures. For example, we have identified failures of our internal controls in the past, including an allegation of fraudulent local management behavior in contravention of company policy with respect to cash management, and while we have implemented improvements to, and routinely monitor, our internal controls at a country and group level, we cannot be sure that such internal control procedures will prove effective or that our policies will be followed.

Non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations may harm our reputation and ability to compete and result in legal action, criminal and civil sanctions, or administrative fines and penalties, such as a loss of business licenses or permits, against us, members of our governing bodies and our employees. They may also result in damage claims by third parties or other adverse effects, including class action lawsuits or enforcement actions by national and international regulators resulting in limitations to our business).

Any failure of our compliance structure to prevent or detect non-compliant behavior could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property against infringements from third parties.

We believe that our intellectual property, including consumer data, copyrights, brands, trademarks, trade secrets and proprietary technology, is critical to our success. We have developed, and will continue to develop, a substantial quantity of proprietary software, processes and other know-how, including assortment related know-how, that are especially important to our operations. However, we may not be able to obtain effective protection for such intellectual property or other proprietary know-how in all relevant countries. If the laws and regulations applicable to our intellectual property change, this may make it even more difficult to effectively protect such intellectual property.

In addition, we may be required to spend significant funds on monitoring and protecting our intellectual property and there is no guarantee that we can successfully discover all infringements, misappropriations or other violations of our intellectual property and pursue them successfully. We provide certain information to third-party service providers who help us assess the performance of our business, such as Google Analytics. Consequently, we only have limited control to ensure that such information is not misused by the relevant third-party service providers or passed on to other third parties, including our competitors.

If we initiate litigation against infringements of our intellectual property, such litigation may prove costly and there is no guarantee that it will ultimately be successful and that the rulings we obtain will adequately remedy the damage we have suffered. Where we rely on contractual agreements to protect our intellectual property, such agreements may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Furthermore, some of our intellectual property could be challenged or found invalid through administrative processes or litigation, and third parties may independently develop or otherwise acquire equivalent intellectual property.

An inability to adequately protect our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be accused of infringing on the intellectual property of third parties.

As we utilize a variety of intellectual property for our business, consumers, regulatory authorities or other third parties may allege that intellectual property we use infringes on their intellectual property, and we may therefore become subject to allegations and litigation. Even unfounded allegations of infringement may adversely affect our reputation and business and may require significant resources to defend against. If we try to obtain licenses from such third parties to settle any disputes, there is no guarantee that such licenses will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, in which case we may be required to alter our brands or change the way we currently operate.

 

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In addition, we may not be able to continue to market certain goods in instances where our suppliers manufacture these goods without regard for the intellectual property rights of third parties. Furthermore, some of the agreements we entered into with third parties may contain clauses regarding the protection of their intellectual property licensed to us. A violation of these clauses, such as the unauthorized sub licensing or disclosure of a confidential source code, may require us to pay significant penalties, prevent us from utilizing such intellectual property in the future and may result in litigation against us. Moreover, some of our proprietary technology was developed on the basis of licensed proprietary and non-proprietary software that we licensed from third parties. If these licenses were to be challenged or found invalid through litigation or other proceedings, we may be unable to continue utilizing such proprietary technology.

Any infringements on the intellectual property of third parties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be unable to acquire, utilize and maintain our domains and trademarks.

We have registered various word and figurative trademarks as well as internet domains and expect to register additional similar rights in the future. These rights are regulated by the relevant regulatory bodies and subject to trademark laws and other related laws in the countries in which we have registered them.

If we cannot obtain or maintain our existing or future word and figurative trademarks as well as internet domains on reasonable terms, we may be forced to incur significant additional expenses or be unable to operate our business as intended. Furthermore, the regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights could change (e.g., through the establishment of additional generic or country code top level domains or changes in registration processes), which may prevent us from using these rights as intended. In addition, we may not be able to prevent third parties from registering and utilizing domains and trademarks that interfere with those that we have registered.

An inability to maintain our domains and trademarks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be involved in litigation or other proceedings that could adversely affect our business.

In the ordinary course of our business activities, we are regularly exposed to various litigation, particularly in the areas of product warranty, delays of payments or deliveries, competition law, intellectual property disputes, labor disputes and tax matters. Such litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could require us to pay monetary damages or provide for an injunction prohibiting us from performing a critical activity, such as marketing certain goods. Even if legal claims brought against us are without merit, defending against such claims could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns. Additionally, we may decide to settle such claims, which could prove expensive to us.

If we become involved in litigation or other proceedings, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We use standardized documents, contracts and terms and conditions, compounding the negative impact on our business if any clause is held to be void.

We use standardized documents, contracts and terms and conditions to govern our relationships with a large number of sellers and consumers. If such documents, contracts or terms and conditions are found to contain provisions that are interpreted in a manner disadvantageous to us, or if any clauses are held to be void and thereby replaced by statutory provisions that are disadvantageous to us, a large number of our contractual relationships could be affected.

 

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In addition, standardized terms and conditions must comply with the statutory laws on general terms and conditions in the various countries in which we currently operate, which means that in many countries such standardized terms and conditions are subject to intense scrutiny by the courts. We cannot guarantee that all standardized terms and conditions we use currently comply and will continue to comply with the relevant requirements. Even if terms and conditions are prepared with legal advice, it is impossible for us to guarantee that they are valid, given that changes may continue to occur in the laws applicable to such terms and conditions and/or their interpretation by the courts.

If clauses in our standardized documents, contracts or terms and conditions are found to be void, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to customs and foreign trade regulations that may require us to modify our current business practices and incur increased costs or could result in a delay in processing goods through customs, which may limit our growth and cause us to suffer reputational damage.

We import a large number of goods and services as part of our day-to-day business and such imports and exports may be subject to customs or foreign trade regulations. In addition, we rely on third parties, in particular our sellers, to make certain import, export or customs declarations and we therefore only have limited control over such declarations. Any non-compliance with customs or foreign trade regulations could lead to the imposition of fines or result in our goods being seized, in which case delivery of our goods may be delayed or fail entirely. If these laws or regulations were to change or were violated by our management, employees or sellers, we could experience delays in shipments of our goods, be subject to fines or penalties, or suffer reputational harm, which could reduce demand for our services and negatively impact our results of operations.

Legal requirements are frequently changed and subject to interpretation, and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with these requirements or their effects on our operations. We may be required to make significant expenditures or modify our business practices to comply with existing or future laws and regulations, which may increase our costs and materially limit our ability to operate our business.

Our business depends on our ability to source and distribute goods in a timely manner. As a result, we rely on the free flow of goods through open and operational ports worldwide. Labor disputes or other disruptions at ports create significant risks for our business, particularly if work slowdowns, lockouts, strikes or other disruptions occur. Any of these factors could result in reduced sales or cancelled orders, which may limit our growth and damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business is subject to the general tax environment in the countries in which we currently operate, and any changes to this tax environment may increase our tax burden.

Our business is subject to the general tax environment in the countries in which we currently operate. Our ability to use tax loss carryforwards and other favorable tax provisions depends on national tax laws and their interpretation in these countries. Changes in tax legislation, administrative practices or case law could increase our tax burden and such changes might even occur retroactively. Furthermore, tax laws may be interpreted differently by the competent tax authorities and courts, and their interpretation may change at any time, which could lead to an increase of our tax burden. For example, in a number of countries, tax authorities seek to characterize income from the provision of services as royalties under their domestic legislation and/or tax treaties, which would lead to the imposition of withholding tax and may significantly increase our tax burden. In addition, legislators and tax authorities may change territoriality rules or their interpretation for the application of value-added tax (“VAT”) on cross border services, which may lead to significant additional payments for past and future periods. In addition, court decisions are sometimes ignored by competent tax authorities or overruled by higher courts, which could lead to higher legal and tax advisory costs and create significant uncertainty.

 

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Tax authorities in various countries are currently reviewing the appropriate treatment of e-commerce activities. Recently, several countries in Africa have imposed new, or increased existing, taxes on e-commerce and mobile services. For example, in 2018, Uganda imposed a daily tax of 200 Uganda shillings (equivalent to $0.05) on Over-the-Top (“OTT”) services including Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter. Users who fail to make this daily payment are unable to access the designated OTT services. Additionally, Uganda imposed a new mobile money transfer tax in 2018. The tax, originally introduced as a 1% tax on receiving payments and withdrawals, was later reduced to a 0.5% tax on withdrawals only. The Ivory Coast imposed a similar 0.5% tax on mobile money transfers in January 2018. Lastly, Kenya has been taxing mobile money transfers for several years and increased its mobile money transfer tax from 10% to 12% in late 2018. It is possible that other African countries will enact new taxes on OTT services, mobile money transfers or other e-commerce and mobile services or that countries with existing e-commerce and mobile service taxes will raise their current tax rates. Existing or new e-commerce and mobile service taxes may increase the cost of mobile phone usage and data plans for consumers, which may discourage mobile phone usage or slow the rate of mobile phone adoption across our markets. Additionally, taxes on mobile money transfers may increase the costs associated with and discourage the use of JumiaPay.

Moreover, due to the global nature of our e-commerce business, various countries might attempt to levy additional sales, income or other taxes relating to our activities. Such new tax regulation may subject us or our consumers to additional taxes, which would increase our tax burden and may reduce the attractiveness of our online offering. In certain countries in which we operate, VAT rates are especially high. For example, the VAT is 20% in Morocco and 18.2% in Ivory Coast. In such countries, we face the risk that organizational sellers on our marketplace may attempt to transact as individual sellers in order to avoid the responsibility of collecting VAT. Sellers may also seek to structure their operations in a way that facilitates the non-payment of VAT. New taxes could also result in additional costs necessary to collect the data required to assess these taxes and to remit them to the relevant tax authorities.

In some of the countries in which we currently operate, tax authorities may also use the tax system to advance their agenda and may exercise their discretion in ways that may be perceived as selective or arbitrary, or in a manner that could be seen as being influenced by political or commercial considerations. Accordingly, we may face unfounded tax claims in such countries.

We are subject to audits by tax officials in various jurisdictions in which we operate. For example, in Germany, the authorities challenged the status of some of the Group’s German partnerships as entrepreneurs. A loss of such entrepreneur status would have resulted in substantial additional VAT assessments. We have reached a joint understanding with the competent tax authorities, according to which the German partnerships in question should be regarded as entrepreneurs, provided certain conditions are met. We cannot guarantee that the tax authorities will not change their view on the status of such partnerships for past or future periods. While we are making good progress toward meeting these conditions, any failure to meet them in a timely manner, or any changes in the tax authorities’ view, may result in substantial additional VAT assessments.

We are also in ongoing discussions with the German authorities regarding corporate income tax treatment of services rendered by these partnerships. While we believe the position of the German tax authorities on this issue is not correct and would not be successful if challenged in court, we may be required to pay additional corporate income taxes in an upper single to very low double digit euro million amount if the tax authorities’ view were to prevail and have taken provisions accordingly. See also Note 16 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Taxes actually assessed in future tax audits for periods not yet covered by this last tax audit may exceed the taxes already paid by us. As a result, we may be required to make significant additional tax payments with respect to previous periods. Furthermore, the competent tax authorities could revise their original tax assessments (e.g., with respect to the recognition of invoiced value added taxes). Any tax assessments that deviate from our expectations could lead to an increase in our tax burden. In addition, we may be required to pay interest on these additional taxes as well as late filing penalties.

 

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Changes in the tax environment and future tax audits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Certain of our cross-border business dealings may trigger unforeseen adverse tax consequences.

We are an internationally operating enterprise continuously engaged in cross-border business dealings which may trigger unforeseen adverse tax consequences in Germany and abroad, in particular with respect to transfer pricing and double taxation issues. While our business operations focus on six regions in Africa, our Company is incorporated in Germany and we manage our operations on a decentralized basis. Our technology and data team is predominantly located in Portugal. The decentralized nature of our organization may lead to interpretative questions by tax authorities as to where we have to pay taxes on our income or assets. Any reassessment of our current status could lead to substantial tax claims and/or costly and time consuming administrative and legal proceedings.

This high degree of interconnectivity necessitates the cross-border transfer of certain goods and services including services, from and between us, our subsidiaries and affiliates. Tax authorities often challenge the prices charged for intra-group services. Past and current intra-group transfer prices, particularly those for services rendered by the Company, including the provision of technology, management services, personnel or financing could be deemed to not be at arm’s length.

Additionally, in light of the fact that these intra-group services are usually not offered to third parties, it may become difficult for us to mitigate intra-group transfer price risks by documenting the prices, particularly paid in comparable transactions by or with independent third parties. The preparation of customary transfer price documentation may also be delayed due to the need to hire an external advisory team with the resources to prepare such transfer price documentation for us.

In addition, we may be unaware of or infringe upon tariffs, quotas, customs and export control regulations, trading bans or similar restrictions, thereby creating exposure to the risk of fines and sanctions.

The materialization of any of the risks described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to tax laws and regulations in Germany and numerous other countries. Our tax burden may increase as a consequence of future tax treatment of dividend payments, non-deductibility of interest payments, current or future tax assessments or court proceedings based on changes in domestic or foreign tax laws and double taxation treaties or changes in the application or interpretation thereof. We agreed to indemnify the members of our management board against tax liabilities of up to €40 million.

We are a German tax resident and, accordingly, subject to the tax laws and regulations of Germany. We operate in a number of African countries and have shared service centers in certain European countries as well as in the United Arab Emirates, subjecting several of our entities to the tax laws of these countries. Our tax burden depends on various aspects of tax laws and regulations including double taxation treaties as well as their respective application and interpretation. Amendments to tax laws and double taxation treaties, for example, an increase of statutory tax rates or the limitation of double tax relief, may have a retroactive effect, and their application or interpretation by tax authorities or courts is subject to change and may cause an increase in our tax burden. Furthermore, tax authorities occasionally limit court decisions to their specific facts by way of non-application decrees. This may also increase our tax burden.

Prior to the completion of this offering, we streamlined our group structure by exchanging interests held by current or former members of management, employees, supporters or business partners in our subsidiaries into shares of the Company. While we do not believe that these transactions triggered adverse tax consequences for which we are liable, there is no guarantee that tax authorities will agree with this assessment.

 

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We have agreed to indemnify the members of the management board against income tax liabilities they may incur with respect to income received from us, including from share-based payment instruments, in excess of a total tax liability of 25% of the relevant income in countries where they do not have their primary residence up to a total amount of €40 million.

As a holding company, our ability to distribute dividends depends largely on dividend payments made by our subsidiaries. Among other things, these intra-group distributions are subject to withholding tax ( Kapitalertragsteuer ) on multiple intra-group levels. No assurance can be given that the taxation of intra-group distributions may not negatively affect our ability to pay dividends in the future.

Thin-capitalization rules in various countries restrict the tax deductibility of interest expenses and the possibility of companies to carry forward non-deducted interest expenses to future assessment periods. As the interpretation of these rules is not entirely clear in many countries, it cannot be ruled out that the competent tax authorities will take a different view regarding the tax deductibility of interest expenses than our entities.

Our entities are or may become party to tax proceedings. The outcome of such tax proceedings may not be predictable and may be detrimental to us.

The materialization of any of the risks described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to our Initial Public Offering and Ownership of our ADSs

There has been no public market for our ADSs or our ordinary shares prior to this offering, and there is no guarantee that an active and liquid market for our ADSs will develop.

Prior to this initial public offering, there was no public market for our ADSs or our ordinary shares, and we cannot assure you that one will develop or be sustained after this offering. If a market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your ADSs. Public trading markets may also experience volatility and disruption. This may affect the pricing of our ADSs in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of our ADSs and the extent of regulation applicable to us. We cannot predict the prices at which our ADSs will trade. The initial public offering price for our ADSs will be determined through our negotiations with the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which our ADSs will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria of the value of our business.

In the course of past financing rounds we received investments based on valuations of our business by individual investors at the relevant times. Such individual valuations were not confirmed by independent experts and reflect the personal valuation criteria of the relevant investors as well as the specific circumstances under which these investments were made. Consequently, these valuations may have exceeded the valuations at which other parties would have been willing to invest in us. Potential investors should therefore not place undue reliance on past valuations.

In addition, it is possible that, in future quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. As a result of these and other factors, the price of our ADSs may decline.

Investor perceptions of risks in emerging economies could reduce investor appetite for investments in these countries or for the securities of issuers operating in these countries.

Investing in securities of issuers in emerging markets generally involves a higher degree of risk than investing in securities of corporate or sovereign issuers from more developed countries. Economic crises in one or more emerging market countries may reduce overall investor appetite for securities of emerging market issuers generally, even for emerging market issuers located outside the regions directly affected by the crises. Past economic crises in emerging markets, such as in South America and Russia, have often resulted in significant

 

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outflows of international capital from emerging markets and caused emerging market issuers to face higher costs for raising funds, and in some cases have effectively impeded access to international capital markets for extended periods.

Thus, even if the economies of the countries in which we operate remain relatively stable, financial turmoil in any emerging market country could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The market price of our ADSs could fluctuate significantly, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our ADSs in this offering.

Following this offering, the market price of our ADSs will be affected by the supply and demand for our ADSs, which may be influenced by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

   

fluctuation in actual or projected results of operations;

 

   

changes in projected earnings or failure to meet securities analysts’ earnings expectations;

 

   

the absence of analyst coverage;

 

   

negative analyst recommendations;

 

   

changes in trading volumes in our ADSs;

 

   

changes in our shareholder structure;

 

   

changes in macroeconomic conditions;

 

   

the activities of competitors and sellers;

 

   

changes in the market valuations of comparable companies;

 

   

changes in investor and analyst perception with respect to our business or the e-commerce industry in general; and

 

   

changes in the statutory framework applicable to our business.

As a result, the market price of our ADSs may be subject to substantial fluctuation.

In addition, general market conditions and fluctuation of share prices and trading volumes could lead to pressure on the market price of our ADSs, even if there may not be a reason for this based on our business performance or earnings outlook. Furthermore, investors in the secondary market may view our business more critically than investors in this offering, which could adversely affect the market price of our ADSs in the secondary market. In addition, prices for e-commerce or technology companies have traditionally been more volatile compared to share prices for companies from other industries.

If the market price of our ADSs declines as a result of the realization of any of these risks, investors could lose part or all of their investment in our ADSs.

Additionally, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the shares. If any of our shareholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.

 

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Following this offering, the closing of the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, our existing shareholders will retain a significant interest in us, and their interests may conflict with ours or those of our other shareholders.

Following completion of this offering, the closing of the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares to existing shareholders, our existing shareholders will continue to own approximately 75.3% of our outstanding share capital (if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs from us in full) and therefore retain a majority of the votes in our shareholders’ meeting. The interests of our existing shareholders may deviate from our interests or those of our other shareholders. Certain measures and transactions, including dividend payments, may be impossible to implement without the support of our existing shareholders. In addition, some of our existing shareholders hold various interests in a number of companies, including companies active in the e-commerce industry, and conflicts of interests may arise between these investments and our interests.

Conflicts between the interests of our existing shareholders and our interests or those of our other shareholders may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have not yet paid any dividends to our shareholders and do not currently intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. Under German corporate law, dividends may only be distributed from our net retained profit ( Bilanzgewinn ). The net retained profit is calculated based on our unconsolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with German generally accepted accounting principles of the German Commercial Code ( Handelsgesetzbuch ). Such accounting principles differ from International Financial Reporting Standards, as adopted by the European Union, in material respects.

Our ability to pay dividends therefore depends upon the availability of sufficient net retained profits. In addition, future financing arrangements may contain covenants that impose restrictions on our business and on our ability to pay dividends under certain circumstances.

Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our management board and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, including restrictions imposed by existing or future financing agreements, restrictions imposed by applicable laws and other factors management deems relevant.

Consequently, we may not pay dividends in the foreseeable future, or at all, and any return on investment in our ADSs is solely dependent upon the appreciation of the price of our ADSs on the open market, which may not occur. See “Dividend Policy.”

We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.

As a public company, and particularly if we were to lose our status as an emerging growth company in the future, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance.

 

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We are evaluating these rules and regulations, and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

We are not currently required to comply with the rules of the SEC implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, and therefore are not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. Upon becoming a publicly traded company, we will be required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our annual reports and attest to the effectiveness of control over financial reporting. Though we will be required to disclose material changes in internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis, we will not be required to make our annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the year of our second annual report required to be filed with the SEC.

To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in documenting and evaluating our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. We currently have limited appropriately qualified accounting personnel, and we have begun the process of evaluating the adequacy of our accounting personnel staffing and training level and other matters related to our internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, our overall control environment is still immature and may expose us to errors, losses or fraud. Hence, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. If we identify material weaknesses once we are a public company, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. As a result, the market price of our ADSs could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our ADSs are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Additionally, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. Furthermore, after the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will only be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting depending on our market capitalization. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not.

The consequences of being a public company could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be able to adapt our internal controls as well as our reporting and risk management procedures to the requirements of a public company.

We will need to develop the expertise necessary to comply with the numerous regulatory and other requirements applicable to publicly listed companies, including requirements relating to corporate governance, listing standards, notification requirements and securities and investor relations issues, which will divert management attention and may prove costly.

 

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During the process of adapting our internal controls as well as our reporting and risk management procedures to the requirements of a publicly listed company, we may discover material weaknesses or significant deficiencies and there is no guarantee that we will be able to implement adequate procedures in a timely manner, or at all. Consequently, we may be unable to detect and react to risks arising in the course of our business. In addition, any failure to establish or maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and in a timely manner or to detect and prevent fraud.

An inability to adapt our internal controls as well as our reporting and risk management procedures to the requirements of a public company could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Future offerings of debt or equity securities by us could adversely affect the market price of our ADSs, and future issuances of equity securities could lead to a substantial dilution of our shareholders.

We may require additional capital in the future to finance our business operations and growth. The Company may seek to raise such capital through the issuance of additional ADSs or debt securities with conversion rights (e.g., convertible bonds and option rights). An issuance of additional ADSs or debt securities with conversion rights could potentially reduce the market price of our ADSs and the Company currently cannot predict the amounts and terms of such future offerings.

If such offerings of equity or debt securities with conversion rights are made without granting subscription rights to our existing shareholders, these offerings would dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing shareholders. In addition, such dilution may arise from the acquisition or investments in companies in exchange, fully or in part, for newly issued ADSs, options granted to our business partners or from the exercise of stock options by our employees in the context of existing or future stock option programs or the issuance of ADSs to employees in the context of existing or future employee participation programs.

Any future issuance of ADSs could reduce the market price of our ADSs and dilute the holdings of existing shareholders.

Future sales by major shareholders could materially adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.

For various reasons, shareholders may sell all or some of our ADSs, including in order to diversify their investments. Sales of a substantial number of our ADSs in the public market following the successful completion of the offering, or the perception that such sales might occur, could depress the market price of our ADSs and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.

We may not be able to collect the proceeds from the Concurrent Private Placement or the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares.

The Concurrent Private Placement is expected to close shortly after completion of this public offering, subject to completion of this offering, our shareholders’ meeting resolving upon the capital increase for the issuance of shares to Mastercard Europe SA and the execution of the commercial agreement. The payment from Mastercard Europe SA is due in full upon issuance of the shares to Mastercard Europe SA. In addition, our existing shareholders are entitled to subscribe for Anti-Dilution Shares against payment of €1.00 per ordinary share. If Mastercard Europe SA or our existing shareholders entitled to Anti-Dilution Shares refuse to pay for their shares, our proceeds from the Concurrent Private Placement and/or the issuance of Anti-Dilution Shares will be lower than expected.

 

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We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares and may not use them effectively.

Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our ADSs. Shareholders may not be able to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. We have not quantified or allocated any specific portion or range of the net proceeds to us for any particular purpose. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our ADSs to decline. See “Use of Proceeds.”

An investment in our ADSs by an investor whose principal currency is not the Euro may be affected by exchange rate fluctuation.

Our ADSs are, and any dividends to be paid in respect of them will be, denominated in euros. An investment in our ADSs by an investor whose principal currency is not the euro will expose such investor to exchange rate risks. Any depreciation of the euro in relation to the principal currency of the respective investor will reduce the value of the investment in our ADSs or any dividends in relation to such currency.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our ADSs will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If securities or industry analyst coverage results in downgrades of our ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our ADS price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets and demand for our ADSs could decrease, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs to decline significantly.

Investors may have difficulty enforcing civil liabilities against us or the members of our management and supervisory board.

We are incorporated in Germany and conduct substantially all of our operations in Africa through our subsidiaries. In total, five members of our management board and supervisory board are non-residents of the United States. The majority of our assets and the assets of half of the members of our management board and supervisory board are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible, or may be very difficult, to serve process on company representatives or the company in the United States, or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts against company representatives or the company based on civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States.

There is no treaty between the United States and Germany for the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, would not be enforceable in Germany unless the underlying claim is re-litigated before a German court of competent jurisdiction.

Based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that U.S. investors will be able to enforce any judgments obtained in U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters, including judgments under the U.S. federal securities laws, against us, members of our management board and supervisory board, or our senior management. In addition, there is doubt as to whether a German court would impose civil liability on us, the members of our management and supervisory board or our senior management in an original action predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws brought in a court of competent jurisdiction in Germany against us or such members, respectively.

 

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Holders of our ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfer of their ADSs.

Our ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

The exercise of voting rights of holders of our ADSs is limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

Holders of our ADSs may exercise their voting rights with respect to the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Upon receipt of voting instructions from a holder of our ADSs in the manner set forth in the deposit agreement, the depositary for our ADSs will endeavor to vote such holder’s underlying ordinary shares in accordance with these instructions. Under our articles of association, the minimum notice period required for convening a shareholders’ meeting corresponds to the statutory minimum period, which is currently 36 days. When a shareholders’ meeting is convened, a holder of our ADSs may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders’ meeting to permit such holder to withdraw its ordinary shares to allow the holder to cast its vote with respect to any specific matter at the meeting. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to a holder of our ADSs or carry out such holder’s voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to a holder of our ADSs in a timely manner, but such holder may not receive the voting materials in time to ensure that such holder can instruct the depositary to vote its shares. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, a holder of our ADSs may not be able to exercise its right to vote and may lack recourse if the ordinary shares are not voted as requested by such holder.

The rights of shareholders in companies subject to German corporate law differ in material respects from the rights of shareholders of corporations incorporated in the United States.

We are a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) incorporated under German law. Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of association and by the laws governing stock corporations incorporated in Germany. The rights of shareholders and the responsibilities of members of our management board and supervisory board may be different from the rights and obligations of shareholders in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions. In the performance of their duties, our management board and supervisory board are required by German law to consider the interests of our company, its shareholders, its employees and other stakeholders. It is possible that some of these parties will have interests that are different from, or in addition to, your interests as a shareholder.

German and European insolvency laws are substantially different from U.S. insolvency laws and may offer our shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency laws.

As a company with its registered office in Germany, we are subject to German insolvency laws in the event any insolvency proceedings are initiated against us including, among other things, Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 20, 2015 on insolvency proceedings. Should courts in another European country determine that the insolvency laws of that country apply to us in accordance with and subject to such EU regulations, the courts in that country could have jurisdiction over the insolvency proceedings initiated against us. Insolvency laws in Germany or the relevant other European country, if any, may offer our shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency laws and make it more difficult for our shareholders to recover the amount they could expect to recover in a liquidation under U.S. insolvency laws.

 

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We are eligible to be treated as an emerging growth company, as defined in the Securities Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our ADSs less attractive to investors, given that we may rely on these exemptions.

We are eligible to be treated as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, presenting only limited selected financial data in the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus is a part and not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 in subsequent Annual Reports filed on Form 20-F. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information that they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if our total annual gross revenue exceeds $1.07 billion, if we issue more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during any three-year period, or if we are a large accelerated filer and the market value of our ADSs held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of any second quarter before that time.

We cannot predict if investors will find our ADSs less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our ADSs less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our ADSs and our ADS price may be more volatile.

As a foreign private issuer, we will not be subject to U.S. proxy rules and will be subject to Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public company.

Upon completion of this offering, we will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act and although we are subject to German laws and regulations with regard to such matters and intend to furnish quarterly trading updates and half year interim reports to the SEC, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (1) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (2) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (3) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, although we intend to provide certain quarterly information on Form 6-K. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year and U.S. domestic issuers that are large accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 60 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation FD, which is intended to prevent issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. As a result of all of the above, holders of our ADSs may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of a company that is not a foreign private issuer.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on June 30, 2019.

In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or

 

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residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of the NYSE. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer. These expenses would relate to, among other things, the obligation to present our financial information in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the future. Additionally, a loss of our foreign private issuer status would divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

As we are a foreign private issuer and intend to follow certain home country corporate governance practices, holders of our ADSs may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all NYSE corporate governance requirements.

As a foreign private issuer, we have the option to follow certain home country corporate governance practices rather than those of the NYSE, provided that we disclose the requirements we are not following and describe the home country practices we are following. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to:

 

   

have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the Exchange Act);

 

   

have a compensation committee or a nominating or corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors;

 

   

have regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent directors; or

 

   

adopt and disclose a code of ethics for directors, officers and employees.

We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on some of these exemptions. As a result, holders of our ADSs may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all NYSE corporate governance requirements.

The interpretation of the treatment of ADSs by the German tax authorities is subject to change.

The specific treatment of ADSs under German tax law is based on administrative provisions by the fiscal authorities, which are not codified law and are subject to change. Tax authorities may modify their interpretation and the current treatment of ADSs may change, as the circular issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance ( BMF-Schreiben ), dated November 8, 2017, reference number IV C 1 – S 1980-1/16/10010 :010 (as amended), shows. According to this new circular, ADSs are not treated as capital participation ( Kapitalbeteiligung ) within the meaning of Section 2 para. 8 of the Investment Tax Code ( Investmentsteuergesetz ). Such changes in the interpretation by the fiscal authorities may have adverse effects on the taxation of investors.

We may become a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States investors.

Based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year, and we do not expect to become one in the future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets from time to time. Specifically, we will be

 

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classified as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if either: (1) 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income, or (2) the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which includes cash) is at least 50%. The calculation of the value of our assets will be based, in part, on the quarterly market value of our ADSs, which is subject to change.

Although we do not expect to be a PFIC, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our variable interest entities will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. If it were determined that we do not own the stock of our variable interest entities for United States federal income tax purposes, we may be treated as a PFIC.

If we are or were to become a PFIC, such characterization could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to a holder of our ADSs if such holder is a United States investor. For example, if we are a PFIC, our United States investors will become subject to increased tax liabilities under United States federal income tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. We cannot assure that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The prospectus contains forward-looking statements that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These statements relate to events that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “potential,” “continue,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

 

   

our future business and financial performance, including our revenue, operating expenses and our ability to maintain profitability and our future business and operating results;

 

   

our strategies, plan, objectives and goals;

 

   

our use of the net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares; and

 

   

our expectations regarding the development of our industry, internet penetration, market size and the competitive environment in which we operate.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance. Actual outcomes may differ materially from the information contained in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the risk factors set forth in “Risk Factors,” including the following:

 

   

we have incurred significant losses since inception and there is no guarantee that we will achieve or sustain profitability in the future;

 

   

we rely on external financing and may not be able to raise necessary additional capital on economically acceptable terms or at all;

 

   

our markets pose significant operational challenges that require us to expend substantial financial resources;

 

   

many of our countries of operation are, or have been, characterized by political instability or changes in regulatory or other government policies;

 

   

our business may be materially and adversely affected by an economic slowdown in any region of Africa;

 

   

currency volatility and inflation may materially adversely affect our business;

 

   

uncertainties with respect to the legal system in certain African markets could adversely affect us;

 

   

our business may be materially and adversely affected by violent crime or terrorism in any region of Africa;

 

   

growth of our business depends on an increase in internet penetration in Africa.

 

   

our business model depends on the continued growth of e-commerce in the markets in which we currently operate;

 

   

we face competition, which may intensify;

 

   

we may not be able to maintain our existing partnerships, strategic alliances or other business relationships or enter into new ones. We may have limited control over such relationships, and these relationships may not provide the anticipated benefits;

 

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we may be unable to maintain and expand our relationships with sellers or to find additional sellers for our marketplace;

 

   

we may fail to maintain or grow the size of our consumer base or the level of engagement of our consumers;

 

   

we face challenges with failed deliveries, excessive returns, late collections, unrecoverable receivables and voucher abuse, which may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects;

 

   

we depend on third-party carriers as part of our fulfillment process;

 

   

our payment service could fail to function properly, and we may not be able to expand or integrate our payment service into other online portals;

 

   

any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our reputation and brand may adversely affect our business;

 

   

we may fail to operate, maintain, integrate and upgrade our technology infrastructure, or to adopt and apply technological advances;

 

   

we may experience malfunctions or disruptions of our technology systems;

 

   

we may experience security breaches and disruptions due to hacking, viruses, fraud, malicious attacks and other circumstances;

 

   

we conduct a substantial amount of our business in foreign currencies, which heightens our exposure to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations; and

 

   

required licenses, permits or approvals may be difficult to obtain in the countries in which we currently operate, and once obtained may be amended or revoked arbitrarily or may not be renewed.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results or performance may be materially different from what we expect.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement will be $233.5 million (or $261.0 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs from us in full) after deducting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering and the Concurrent Private Placement that are payable by us.

We estimate that the net proceeds from the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares will be $20.6 million, reflecting payment of the €1.00 nominal amount per ordinary share.

We estimate that the total net proceeds from this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares will be $254.1 million (or $281.5 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs from us in full).

The estimated proceeds above are based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00.

Each $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price per ADS would increase our net proceeds from this offering and the issuance of Anti-Dilution Shares by $10.3 million, whereas each $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price per ADS would decrease our net proceeds from this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares by $10.0 million, in each case after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses and assuming that the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same. Each increase of 1,000,000 ADSs in the number of ADSs offered by us would increase our net proceeds from this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares by $13.9 million, whereas each decrease of 1,000,000 ADSs in the number of ADSs offered by us would decrease our net proceeds from this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares by $13.9 million, in each case after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses and assuming no change in the assumed initial public offering price per share. Expenses of this offering will be paid by us. A change in the assumed initial public offering price per ADS or in the number of ADSs offered by us does not change the estimated net proceeds from the Concurrent Private Placement.

The principal reasons for this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, increase our public profile and awareness, create a public market for our ADSs and facilitate our future access to public equity markets. We have not quantified or allocated any specific portion or range of the net proceeds to us for any particular purpose.

The amount of what, and timing of when, we actually spend for these purposes may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including our future revenue and cash generated by operations and other factors described in “Risk Factors.” Accordingly, we will have broad discretion in deploying the net proceeds of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. Except as required by law, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our management board and supervisory board and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors our management board and supervisory board deem relevant.

All of the shares represented by the ADSs which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus will generally have the same dividend rights as all of our other outstanding shares. However, the depositary may limit distributions based on practical considerations and legal limitations. See “Description of American Depositary Shares—Dividends and Other Distributions.” Any distribution of dividends proposed by our management and supervisory boards requires the approval of our shareholders in a shareholders’ meeting. See “Description of Share Capital—Dividends and Other Distributions,” which explains in more detail the procedures we must follow and the German law provisions that determine whether we are entitled to declare a dividend.

For information regarding the German withholding tax applicable to dividends and related United States refund procedures, see “Taxation—German Taxation—German Taxation of Holders of ADSs.”

We have not paid dividends in the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The table below sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2018:

 

   

on an actual basis,

 

   

on a pro forma basis to give effect to (i) the investment of Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH pursuant to the investment agreement, dated December 18, 2018, the payment of which was received on January 8, 2019, and (ii) the capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) resolved upon by our shareholders on February 15, 2019, and

 

   

on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) the pro forma adjustment set forth above, (ii) the issuance and sale of 13,500,000 ADSs representing 27,000,000 ordinary shares in this offering and of 7,810,364 ordinary shares in the Concurrent Private Placement after deducting estimated discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering and the Concurrent Private Placement payable by us and assuming an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, and excluding the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs, and (iii) the issuance of 18,157,245 Anti-Dilution Shares to existing shareholders.

Investors should read this table in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in this prospectus as well as “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

     As of December 31, 2018  
     Actual     Pro forma     Pro forma
as adjusted (1)
 
     (in € millions)  
       (unaudited)       (unaudited)  

Cash and cash equivalents

     100.6       175.6       399.9  

Total current liabilities

     92.2       92.2       92.2  

Share capital

     0.1       100.1       153.1  

Share premium

     845.8       820.8       992.2  

Other reserves

     66.1       66.1       66.1  

Accumulated losses

     (862.0     (862.0     (862.0

Equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company (2)

     50.0       125.0       349.3  

Total capitalization

     142.0       217.2       441.5  

 

(1)

Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. A $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price would increase the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, share premium, equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company and total capitalization by approximately $10.3 million, whereas a $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price would decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, share premium, equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company and total capitalization by approximately $10.0 million, in each case assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. An increase of 1,000,000 shares in the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, share premium, equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company and total capitalization by approximately $13.9 million, whereas a decrease of 1,000,000 shares in the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, share premium, equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company and total capitalization by approximately $13.9 million, in each case assuming no change in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.

(2)

Excludes negative €0.1 million of equity attributable to non-controlling interests.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our ADSs, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS paid by purchasers of the ADSs and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ADS immediately after the completion of this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement. As of December 31, 2018, we had a pro forma net tangible book value of €124.7 million, corresponding to a pro forma net tangible book value of €1.25 per ordinary share or €2.49 per ADS based on an ordinary share to ADS ratio of two to one. Pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share represents the amount of our total assets less our total liabilities, excluding intangible assets as of December 31, 2018, divided by the total number of our ordinary shares outstanding, after giving effect to (i) the investment of Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH pursuant to an investment agreement, dated December 18, 2018 and (ii) the capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ). Pro forma net tangible book value per ADS represents our pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share converted to ADSs at a ratio of two to one.

After giving effect to (i) the issuance and sale of 13,500,000 ADSs (representing an aggregate of 27,000,000 ordinary shares) in this offering and of 7,810,364 ordinary shares in the Concurrent Private Placement after deducting the estimated discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering and the Concurrent Private Placement and assuming an exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, and (ii) the issuance of 18,157,245 Anti-Dilution Shares to existing shareholders, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2018 would have been €349.0 million (or $395.3 million), representing €1.98 (or $2.24) per ordinary share outstanding or €3.96 (or $4.48) per ADS. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of €0.73 (or $0.83) per ordinary share outstanding or €1.47 (or $1.66) per ADS to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of €4.42 (or $5.01) per ordinary share outstanding or €8.85 (or $10.02) per ADS to new investors purchasing ADSs in this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement. Dilution for this purpose represents the difference between the price per ADS paid by these purchasers and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ADS immediately after the completion of this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement.

The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors purchasing ADSs in the offering, assuming either no exercise or full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs (all numbers on a per ADS basis):

 

     No exercise      Full exercise  
     (in €)      (in $)      (in €)      (in $)  

Assumed initial public offering price

     12.80        14.50        12.80        14.50  

Pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2018

     2.49        2.82        2.49        2.82  

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value attributable to this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares

     1.47        1.66        1.58        1.79  

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2018

     3.96        4.48        4.07        4.61  

Dilution to new investors

     8.85        10.02        8.73        9.89  

The information in the table above is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. A $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price would increase our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.42 per ADS, and decrease the dilution to new investors by $0.42 per ADS. A $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price would decrease our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.34 per ADS, and increase the dilution to new investors by $0.34 per ADS.

Each increase of 1,000,000 ADSs in the number of ADSs offered by us would increase our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.52 per ADS and decrease the dilution to new investors by approximately $0.52 per ADS. Each decrease of 1,000,000 ADSs in the number of ADSs offered by us would decrease our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.53 per ADS and increase the dilution to new investors by approximately $0.53 per ADS.

 

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Certain existing shareholders (i.e., AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., ELQ Investors VIII Limited, Atlas Countries Support S.A., CDC Group Plc. and Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH) were granted the right to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value under a shareholders agreement and an investment agreement, both dated December 18, 2018, to compensate for any dilution they may face upon issuance of new shares below certain reference prices. The rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares pursuant to the investment agreement and the shareholders agreement will not be triggered if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs and will terminate upon completion of this offering and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares. At an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and at an assumed exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, we will be required to issue 18,157,245 additional ordinary shares to these existing shareholders. A $1.00 decrease in the initial public offering price per ADS would increase the number of shares issuable to these existing shareholders upon this offering by 2,343,209 shares. A $1.00 increase in the initial public offering price per ADS would decrease the number of shares issuable to these existing shareholders upon this offering by 2,077,212 shares. See also “Related Party Transactions—Shareholders Agreement” and “Related Party Transactions—Investment Agreement.”

The following table presents on a pro forma as adjusted basis, as of December 31, 2018, after giving effect to (i) the capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ), (ii) the issuance and sale of our ADSs in this offering, (iii) the issuance and sale of ordinary shares in the Concurrent Private Placement, and (iv) the issuance of 18,157,245 Anti-Dilution Shares to existing investors, the differences between the shareholders as of December 31, 2018, the new investors and the Concurrent Private Placement investors with respect to the number of ADSs purchased from us, the numbers of ordinary shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS after deducting the estimated discounts and commissions and the estimated expenses of the offering and the Concurrent Private Placement payable by us and excluding the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs:

 

    ADSs Purchased     Ordinary Shares
Purchased
    Total Consideration     Average Price
per Share
    Average Price
per ADS
 
    Number     Percent     Number     Percent     Amount
(in millions)
    Percent              

Existing shareholders (1)

    59,104,110.30       77.25     118,208,220.59       77.25   $ 946.2       78.94   $ 8.00     $ 16.01

New investors

    13,500,000.00       17.64     27,000,000.00       17.64   $ 195.8       16.33   $ 7.25     $ 14.50  

Concurrent Private Placement investor

    3,905,182.18       5.10     7,810,364.35       5.10   $ 56.6       4.72   $ 7.25     $ 14.50  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    76,509,292.47       100.00     153,018,584.95       100.00   $ 1,198.54       100.00   $ 7.50   $ 15.00

 

(1) Includes Anti-Dilution Shares.

A $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price would increase total consideration paid by new investors by $12.6 million, whereas a $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price would decrease total consideration paid by new investors by $12.6 million.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, our existing shareholders would own 118,208,221 ordinary shares, or 75.3% in the aggregate, our new investors would own 31,050,000 ordinary shares, or 19.8% in the aggregate and the Concurrent Private Placement investor would own 7,810,364 ordinary shares, or 5.0% in the aggregate.

The number of our ordinary shares to be outstanding after this offering, the closing of the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of Anti-Dilution Shares is based on the number of ordinary shares outstanding after giving effect to the capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ).

 

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The discussion and tables above assumes no exercise of any options for ordinary shares as of the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 6,794,925 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of €1.01 per share. To the extent that any of these options are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

We have historically conducted our business through Africa Internet Holding GmbH and its subsidiaries, and therefore our historical consolidated financial statements present the results of operations of Africa Internet Holding GmbH. On December 17 and 18, 2018, our shareholders resolved upon the change of our legal form into a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) and the change of our company name to Jumia Technologies AG. The change of legal form and company name became effective upon registration with the commercial register of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, on January 31, 2019. Upon this change, the historical consolidated financial statements of Africa Internet Holding GmbH included in this registration statement became the historical consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG.

The financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus and which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The financial data presented below are not necessarily indicative of the financial results to be expected for any future periods. The financial data below do not contain all the information included in our financial statements. You should read this information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following tables also contain translations of the euro amounts into U.S. dollars for amounts presented as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. These translations are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of €1.00 = $1.1456, which equals the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2018. You should not assume that, on that or any other date, one could have converted these amounts of euro into U.S. dollars at this exchange rate.

Consolidated Statement of Operations

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions, except per share data)  
                 (unaudited)  

Revenue

   94.0     130.6     $ 149.6  

Cost of revenue

     (65.8     (84.8     (97.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     28.2       45.7       52.4  

Fulfillment expense

     (34.4     (50.5     (57.9

Sales and advertising expense

     (37.9     (47.5     (54.4

Technology and content expense

     (20.6     (22.4     (25.7

General and administrative expense (1)

     (89.1     (94.9     (108.7

Other operating income

     1.3       0.2       0.2  

Other operating expense

     (2.2     (0.3     (0.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (154.7     (169.7     (194.4

Finance income

     2.3       1.6       1.8  

Finance costs

     (1.5     (1.3     (1.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

     (153.9     (169.5     (194.2

Income tax expense

     (11.5     (0.9     (1.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the year

   (165.4   (170.4   $ (195.2

Earnings per ADS (2)

   (3.31   (3.41   $ (3.90

Earnings per share (2)

   (1.65   (1.70   $ (1.95

 

(1)

Includes share-based payment expense of €26.3 million in 2017 and of €17.4 million in 2018.

(2)

Unaudited. Based on 100,050,976 shares outstanding immediately prior to the offering. One ADS represents two ordinary shares.

 

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Net cash flows used in operating activities

   (117.0   (139.0   $ (159.2

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (2.6     (3.6 )       (4.1

Net cash flows from financing activities

     121.6       213.2       244.2  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     2.0       70.6       80.9  

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

     29.8       29.7       34.0  

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

   29.7     100.6     $ 115.2  

Selected Other Data (1)

 

     As of and for the year ended
December 31,
 
     2017     2018  
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Active Consumers

     2.7       4.0    

GMV

   507.1     828.2     $ 948.8

Adjusted EBITDA

   (126.8   (150.1   $ (172.0 )

 

(1)

See the definitions of key performance indicators in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Performance Indicators.”

We define Adjusted EBITDA as loss for the year adjusted for income tax expense, finance income, finance costs, depreciation and amortization and further adjusted by share-based payment expense.

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental non-IFRS measure of our operating performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, IFRS. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial performance under IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to loss for the year, loss before income tax or any other performance measure derived in accordance with IFRS. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our operating performance. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including non-IFRS financial measures as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. By providing this non-IFRS financial measure, together with a reconciliation to the nearest IFRS financial measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

 

   

as a measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis, as it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;

 

   

for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections;

 

   

to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our strategic initiatives; and

 

   

to evaluate our capacity to expand our business.

 

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Items excluded from this non-IFRS measure are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for analysis of our results reported in accordance with IFRS, including loss for the year. Some of the limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our share-based payments, income tax expense or the amounts necessary to pay our taxes;

 

   

although depreciation and amortization are eliminated in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any costs for such replacements; and

 

   

other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these and other limitations by providing a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure, loss for the year.

The following tables provide a reconciliation of loss for the year to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Loss for the year

   (165.4   (170.4   $ (195.2

Income tax expense

     11.5       0.9       1.0  

Finance income

     (2.3     (1.6     (1.8

Finance costs

     1.5       1.3       1.5  

Depreciation and amortization

     1.6       2.2       2.5  

Share-based payment expense

     26.3       17.4       19.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

   (126.8   (150.1   $ (172.0

 

(1)

Unaudited.

 

     2017 (1)     2018 (1)  
     First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
 
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Loss for the quarter

   (24.8   (30.1   (49.9   (60.6   (34.1   (42.3   (40.9   (53.1

Income tax expense

     0.0       0.3       0.2       10.9       0.1       0.2       0.2       0.4  

Finance income

     (0.4     0.1       (0.1     (1.9     (0.6     0.0       (0.6     (0.5

Finance costs

     0.2       0.6       0.0       0.7       0.3       0.1       0.7       0.2  

Depreciation and amortization

     0.5       0.4       0.5       0.3       0.5       0.5       0.6       0.6  

Share-based payment expense

     0.4       (0.1     20.7       5.2       3.6       5.8       4.3       3.7  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   (24.1   (28.7   (28.6   (45.4   (30.2   (35.6   (35.8   (48.6

 

(1)

Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly amounts may not equal the amounts reported for the relevant full-year period.

 

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Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

 

     As of December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                  (unaudited)  

Total non-current assets

   5.0     6.6      $ 7.6  

Total current assets

     66.5       135.4        155.1  

Total assets

     71.5       142.0        162.7  

Total equity

     (12.6     49.8        57.1  

Total liabilities

   84.1     92.2      $ 105.6  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data,” our historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Our platform consists of our marketplace, which connects sellers with consumers, our logistics service, which enables the shipment and delivery of packages from sellers to consumers, and our payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active on our platform in selected markets.

On our marketplace, a large and diverse group of sellers offer goods in a wide range of categories, such as fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living, consumer packaged goods, beauty and perfumes and other electronics. We also provide consumers with easy access to a number of services, such as restaurant food delivery, hotel and flight booking, classified advertising, airtime recharge and “instant delivery.” On our platform, we had 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and a total of 4.0 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2018. We believe that the number and quality of sellers on our marketplace, and the breadth of their offerings attract more consumers to our platform, increasing traffic and orders, which in turn attracts even more sellers to Jumia, creating powerful network effects. Our marketplace operates with limited inventory risk, as the goods sold by sellers via our marketplace are predominantly sold by third-party sellers, meaning the cost of inventory remains with the seller. In 2018, approximately 90% of the items sold on our marketplace were offered by third-party sellers, while we sold the remaining 10% of items directly in order to enhance consumer experience in key categories and regions.

Our logistics service, Jumia Logistics, facilitates the delivery of goods in a convenient and reliable way. It consists of a large network of leased warehouses, pick up stations for consumers and drop-off locations for sellers and more than 100 local third-party logistics service providers, whom we integrate and manage through our proprietary technology, data and processes. In certain cities, where we believe it is beneficial to enhance our logistics service, we also operate our own last-mile fleet. In 2018, Jumia Logistics handled 13.4 million packages, and over 92% of our deliveries in 2018 were made by fully integrated partners using our technology and processes.

Traditionally, consumers across Africa rely on cash to transact. We have designed our payment service, JumiaPay, to facilitate online transactions between participants on our platform, with the intention of integrating additional financial services in the future. We introduced JumiaPay in four markets, including Nigeria in 2016 and Egypt in 2018, through agreements with locally licensed sponsoring banks. JumiaPay has been adopted rapidly by consumers. In the fourth quarter of 2018, 54% of orders placed on our platform in Nigeria and Egypt were completed using JumiaPay. Our payment service app, Jumia One, also allows consumers to complete online payments, such as airtime recharge or utility payments, and provides our sellers with access to attractive financing solutions offered by our financial partners. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not monetize our payment services. In the future, we may decide to do so, including by opening up our payment services to third parties.

Our business has grown substantially. As of December 31, 2018, we had 4.0 million Active Consumers, up from 2.7 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2017. Our GMV was €828.2 million in 2018, up from €507.1 million in 2017. GMV is the primary driver of our revenue. For sales by third-party sellers, we

 

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retain commissions based on the value of goods and services that such third parties sell to consumers via our marketplace, net of cancellations and returns. We also directly offer and sell goods in selected categories where we see unmet demand or the need to better control the consumer experience. On these first-party sales, we record the full sales price net of returns as revenue and earn a gross margin equal to the difference between the sales price and cost of goods sold. Our revenue was €130.6 million in 2018, up from €94.0 million in 2017.

Our gross profit increased by 62.1% from €28.2 million in 2017 to €45.7 million in 2018. Our gross profit less freight and shipping expense, a predominantly variable expense attributable to the delivery of orders, has been showing an improving trend and was positive in both 2017 and 2018, demonstrating our core unit economics as well as the benefits of our increasing scale. In addition, in Nigeria, which is our largest and most mature geographic market, our gross profit less fulfillment expense was positive 0.9% of GMV in the second half of 2018, up from negative 2.0% during the same period in 2017, demonstrating the operating leverage of our overall logistics platform. Our consolidated operating loss increased from €154.7 million in 2017 to €169.7 million in 2018, and our consolidated loss for the year increased from €165.4 million in 2017 to €170.4 million in 2018. As a percentage of GMV, our consolidated loss for the year decreased from negative 32.6% in 2017 to negative 20.6% in 2018.

Our Revenue Model

GMV is the primary driver of our revenue, as the vast majority of our revenue is a function of our overall GMV net of cancellations and returns. We currently generate revenue primarily from the following sources:

 

   

Commissions , where third-party sellers pay us fees based on the value of the goods and services they sell to consumers via our marketplace, net of cancellations and returns. Usually, these fees are a percentage of the value of the transaction. The percentage varies by goods or service category and region. We refer to the sales producing these commissions as third-party sales.

 

   

Sales of goods , where we act directly as the seller. For various reasons, we sometimes decide to sell goods directly, such as when sellers cannot meet our consumers’ demand. We refer to these sales as first-party sales.

 

   

Fulfillment, where we charge certain fees for delivery of goods purchased on our marketplace.

 

   

Marketing, where we provide certain marketing and advertising services to drive increased visibility and additional business.

 

   

Other services , where we provide other services such as logistics services and packaging of products ahead of shipment to our marketplace sellers. We refer to these services for marketplace sellers as value-added services. Revenue from other services also includes revenue from providing technology services to third parties, rental income from subletting office or warehouse space to third parties and other revenue not directly related to our platform. We refer to revenue from these sources as “non-platform revenue.”

 

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The following table shows a breakdown of our revenue in 2017 and 2018 by source:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)     (in millions)            (in millions)         
                        (unaudited)         
Revenue related to first-party sales                                        

Sales of goods

   68.2        72   81.6        63   $ 93.5        63

Revenue related to third-party sales

               

Commissions

     11.5        12       15.6        12       17.9        12  

Fulfillment

     6.3        7       15.0        11       17.2        11  

Marketing

     1.7        2       2.3        2       2.6        2  

Other services – value-added services (1)

     1.9        2       14.5        11       16.6        11  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue related to third-party sales (1)

     21.4        23       47.4        36       54.3        36  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Platform revenue

     89.6        95       129.0        99       147.8        99  

Non-platform revenue

               

Other services – non-platform revenue (1)

     4.4        5       1.6        1       1.8        1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   94.0        100 %     130.6        100 %     $ 149.6        100 %  

 

(1)

Unaudited.

Our primary sources of revenue are commissions from third-party sales and revenue from sales of goods for first-party sales. From time to time, based on business priorities, we may decide to vary the share of first-party sales. Shifts in the relative proportion of third-party and first-party sales do not have an impact on GMV. However, these shifts trigger substantial variations in our revenue, as we record the full sales price net of returns as revenue for first-party sales and only a percentage of the sales price (commission) net of returns as revenue for third-party sales. For first-party sales, we incur cost of revenue, primarily related to the purchase price of the goods sold. For third-party sales, we do not incur comparable cost of revenue as the purchase price of the goods sold is borne by the third-party seller. Accordingly, we steer our operations not on the basis of revenue, but rather on the basis of our gross profit, which corresponds to revenue less cost of revenue, as changes between third-party and first-party sales are largely eliminated on the gross profit level.

We believe that, as a general matter, the gross profit we earn on first-party sales is comparable to the commissions (including fees for fulfillment, marketing and value-added services) we earn on third-party sales for goods in the same category. However, the mix of product categories differs between first-party and third-party sales, as we seek to complement third-party offers by first-party offers, in particular in areas where we see unmet demand. An analysis of the gross profit as a percentage of GMV for first-party and third-party sales for the periods under review would show a higher margin for third-party sales than for first-party sales, due to the fact that first-party sales included a disproportionate amount of high value but low margin products.

It should be noted, however, that from period to period, the categories of goods sold in first-party versus third-party sales may change, depending on strategic considerations relating to the overall attractiveness of our product offering, opportunities to acquire inventory that may arise or the overall mix of products that varies by country. Such shifts would result in changes in the relative profitability of first-party and third-party sales. Over time, moreover, it is our goal to reduce the proportion of first-party sales in favor of third-party sales, and this strategy may vary from country to country. Accordingly, we believe that the presentation of total gross profit, which allows the calculation of a gross profit margin (as a percentage of GMV) for first-party and third-party sales on a combined or blended basis, is the more appropriate disclosure.

 

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Key Performance Indicators

The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.

 

     As of and for the year ended
December 31,
 
     2017     2018  
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Active Consumers

     2.7       4.0  

GMV

   507.1     828.2  

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

   (126.8   (150.1

 

(1)

Please see “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data—Selected Other Data” for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-IFRS measure, to the most directly comparable IFRS financial performance measure and an explanation of why we consider Adjusted EBITDA useful.

Active Consumers means unique consumers who placed an order on our marketplace within the 12-month period preceding the relevant date, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

GMV corresponds to the total value of orders including shipping fees, value added tax, and before deductions of any discounts or vouchers, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

Adjusted EBITDA corresponds to loss for the year, adjusted for income tax expense, finance income, finance costs, depreciation and amortization and share-based payment expense. Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for comparison of our business operations between current, past and future periods by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, a non-IFRS measure, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Factors Affecting our Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of important factors, including the following:

Number of sellers and goods and services offered by those sellers

The success of our marketplace, which is central to our business model, is driven by the breadth and quality of the goods and services offered, which depends largely on the number of sellers on our marketplace and their ability to increase the range of goods and services they offer to our consumers. As of December 31, 2018, we had 81 thousand Active Sellers on our platform, up from 53 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2017. The number of sellers offering similar goods on our marketplace is a key driver of price attractiveness and quality of service, as they compete for market share on our marketplace. Competition between sellers is also essential to our monetization, as it increases the appetite for sellers to use our services that are geared toward enhancing the sellers’ visibility or their quality of service.

We are actively focusing on increasing the number of sellers on our marketplace, the range of goods and services they list on our marketplace and their overall level of engagement with us. In order to achieve those objectives, we have developed a number of initiatives, including our ability to allow international sellers from selected non-African countries access to our marketplace, which has helped to accelerate the number of goods available on our marketplace, as such sellers tend to carry a large assortment of goods. Another ongoing initiative is our seller financing service, which provides sellers in a number of our markets with access to financing options offered by third-party financial institutions, positioning them to grow their businesses. We have observed that our local sellers tend to have difficulty accessing attractive financing options, and if we help them to do so, they are often able to access capital on more attractive terms, driving higher engagement with us. We intend to expand the geographic reach of this service and increase its adoption and usage among our sellers.

 

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Growth and engagement of our Active Consumers

Our GMV is a function of the number of Active Consumers on our platform and the amount they spend on our marketplace. As of December 31, 2018, we had 4.0 million Active Consumers, up from 2.7 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2017. GMV increased from €507.1 million in 2017 to €828.2 million in 2018.

We review the performance of our Active Consumers on a yearly cohort basis. Each consumer cohort is defined as consumers who made their first purchase during a specific period. We track the additional purchases made by consumers in each cohort during the period in which these consumers were acquired, as well as in subsequent periods. Every consumer cohort since 2013 had a repeat purchase rate during the year in which consumers in the relevant cohort made their first order of 28% to 39% and a repeat purchase rate during the following year of 21% to 31%. We observed that our 2018 cohort had the highest level of first year repurchase (39%) and our 2017 cohort had the second highest level (34%), demonstrating the relevance of our platform for consumers and its continued adoption by them.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, our cohort retention level averaged between approximately one-quarter to one-third of our consumers on a yearly basis, with an average consumer spend of about €210 at the end of 2018. The consumers we retain have typically been the most active ones. We believe that over time, as our platform becomes more important to them, we benefit from a trend towards higher order frequency and higher annual spend per repeat consumer. For example, repeat consumers in our 2016 cohort placed on average 4.0 orders with a total value of €259 in 2016, compared to 5.4 orders with a total value of €437 in 2018.

As our business matured, we have observed a trend towards higher order frequency when comparing repeat consumers across cohorts. For example, repeat consumers in our 2016 cohort placed on average 4.0 orders in 2016, compared to an average of 4.8 orders in 2018 for repeat consumers in our 2018 cohort. The following chart shows the annual spend and the number of annual orders placed per repeat consumer for our 2016, 2017 and 2018 cohorts.

 

LOGO

 

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Going forward, we see leverage to improve our cohorts by increasing the depth of our offering, strengthening our brand awareness, introducing product or service categories that lead to repeat purchases, such as airtime recharge, and launching subscription-based plans.

We engage in sales and advertising activities in order to attract additional consumers and engage with existing consumers. We monitor the effectiveness of our sales and advertising activities by using a number of measures, which include the following:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (unaudited)  

Sales and advertising expense as a percentage of GMV

     7.5     5.7

Sales and advertising expense per Active Consumer

   14.0     12.0  

Going forward, we expect that brand awareness, attractiveness of our marketplace to consumers, the comfort level of African consumers with e-commerce and effectiveness of our sales and advertising campaigns will increase, which will lead to an increase of the number of Active Consumers on our platform, as well as the efficiency of our sales and advertising investments. Market saturation and an increase in competition may, however, have an offsetting effect.

Payment method and return rate

The ability for consumers to pay cash on delivery is an important feature of our platform, in particular for new consumers who are transacting online for the first time. In case of cash on delivery, the consumer needs to be present at the time of the delivery to pay for the order. While we are constantly improving our operations to make delivery schedules more convenient and predictable, some consumers are not present at the time of the delivery attempt, which means that cash on delivery results in a significantly higher portion of returns than other delivery options. These returns are driving higher fulfillment costs, higher costs of operations for our sellers and lower monetization for us as we are not able to collect commissions for such returns. In comparison, orders that are “pre-paid” electronically tend to drive much lower returns than cash on delivery and, accordingly, lower fulfillment costs, lower costs of operations for our sellers and higher monetization for us.

In order to increase the share of transactions paid online, among other reasons, we have launched our own online payment service, JumiaPay. Introduced in four markets, including Nigeria in 2016 and Egypt in 2018, JumiaPay has been rapidly adopted by consumers. In the fourth quarter of 2018, 54% of orders placed on our platform in Nigeria and Egypt were completed using JumiaPay, with the remainder mostly completed using cash on delivery. Going forward, we intend to continue to drive the adoption of online payments on our marketplace by making our payment platform more attractive to consumers and educating them on the various benefits of using online payment instead of cash on delivery.

Efficiency of our fulfillment operations

With Jumia Logistics, we have built an innovative logistics and delivery ecosystem that we believe is the leading e-commerce and express delivery service in Africa. We generate revenue from our fulfillment services mainly through delivery charges charged to our consumers and to our sellers. We incur fulfillment expense mainly for third-party logistics providers and for our network of warehouses, where we provide storage services to our sellers, inbound and outbound logistics services and control and consolidate packages.

Our fulfillment expense can be significantly influenced by a number of factors:

 

   

geographical mix of transactions: for example, the cost of shipping a package to a main urban center is lower than to a remote rural area;

 

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the volume of packages: for example, logistics operations typically become more efficient with additional scale;

 

   

the type of goods ordered: for example, the cost of delivery is higher for a large appliance than for a small fashion item;

 

   

the type of delivery: the cost of delivery to an address indicated by the consumer is typically higher than for delivery to a pick-up station; or

 

   

the payment method: for example, we need on average more delivery attempts and have a lower delivery success rate for orders paid in cash on delivery than for orders prepaid online, which have a 95% delivery success rate (as of December 2018).

Our fulfillment expense consists of expense related to the services of third-party logistics providers, which we refer to as freight and shipping, and expense mainly related to our network of warehouses, including employee benefit expense, which we refer to as fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping.

Freight and shipping is essentially a function of the number of packages handled and delivered by our third-party logistics providers. We have been able to generate certain economies of scale, as third-party logistics providers are typically prepared to offer us more advantageous conditions as our business volume with them increases. Increasing cross-border sales, for which we incur significant freight and shipping expense, may have an offsetting effect. Fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping is by its nature less variable. Freight and shipping increased from €15.1 million in 2017 to €29.9 million in 2018, while fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping remained nearly constant at €19.3 million in 2017 and €20.5 million in 2018.

On a consolidated basis, gross profit less fulfillment expense as a percentage of GMV showed a positive trend from negative 1.2% in 2017 to negative 0.6% in 2018. As we grow, we expect this trend to continue, allowing us to cover our total fulfillment expense in the medium term. In our largest and most mature geographic market, Nigeria, we broke even on the basis of gross profit less fulfillment expense in the second half of 2018, increasing gross profit less fulfillment expense as a percentage of GMV from negative 2.0% in the second half of 2017 to positive 0.9% in the second half of 2018.

Technology and data

We continuously invest in our technology and data collection and analytics capabilities. We operate our technology center in Porto, Portugal, which provides the centralized and harmonized technology backbone for our operations across our six regions. Our research and development activities focus on the production, maintenance and operation of new and existing goods and services. We see our technology and content expense as an investment in future growth and seller and consumer experience and satisfaction. Going forward, we intend to maintain or increase our investments into our technology and data capabilities. As a percentage of GMV, we expect our technology and content expense to decline as our business continues to grow.

Ability to scale our business with our current structure

We monitor the development of our general and administrative expense excluding share-based payment expense based on the ratio of general and administrative expense to GMV. In the short term, this ratio may increase, as we incur additional administrative costs related to this offering and being a public company. In the medium- to long-term, we expect this ratio, however, to follow a declining trend.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal and, consequently, our GMV and revenue tend to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. For example, we consider the fourth quarter as especially important for generating revenue. In addition, certain

 

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special events, in particular Black Friday, Ramadan, elections or Jumia Anniversary, can result in peak or low demand for our products. For example, increased inventory in preparation for special events such as Black Friday has had significant impacts on working capital, cash flow, stock losses and write-downs.

The following table shows the development of our quarterly GMV, revenue and gross profit for each quarter in 2017 and 2018:

 

     2017 (1)      2018 (1)  
     First
Quarter
     Second
Quarter
     Third
Quarter
     Fourth
Quarter
     First
Quarter
     Second
Quarter
     Third
Quarter
     Fourth
Quarter
 
     (unaudited, in millions)  

GMV

   88.6      101.8      118.9      197.9      152.4      166.3      198.4      311.0  

Revenue

     19.3        18.3        19.8        36.6        28.3        24.8        33.6        43.8  

Gross profit

   5.6      6.2      8.2      8.3      8.6      8.9      12.5      15.7  

 

(1)

Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly amounts may not equal the amounts reported for the relevant full-year period.

We believe that our business will continue to show seasonal patterns in the future. For further information on our quarterly performance, see “Results of Operations—Consolidated Statement of Operations—Quarterly Data.”

Macroeconomic condition and political environment

Our consumers are primarily located in six African regions comprising 14 countries. Our results of operations and financial condition are significantly influenced by political and economic developments in these countries and the effect that these factors may have on demand for goods and services. In the medium- to long-term, we believe that macroeconomic changes in the region will generally benefit us due to a number of expected positive economic developments such as an expanding middle class, increasing disposable income and declining unemployment rates. We look at the macroeconomic environment based on a number of factors, which include consumer confidence index, business confidence index, GDP growth, currency exchange rates, inflation rates, access to capital and foreign exchange. Our results are positively affected when such factors are developing positively, and negatively affected when such factors are developing negatively.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of promotional discounts, rebates, return allowances and value added taxes. We recognize revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity, and when the risks and rewards of the inventory have passed to the consumer, which is generally when the goods have been delivered to the consumer.

We generate revenue primarily from commissions, sale of goods, fulfillment, marketing and other services:

Commissions : Revenue from commissions relates to sales of third-party sellers on our marketplace. We generate a commission fee (normally a percentage of the selling price) which is based on agreements with our sellers. Our performance obligation with respect to these transactions is to arrange the transaction through our platform. We do not have any discretion in setting the price of the goods to be sold, nor do we bear any inventory risk for the goods to be shipped to the consumer. As such, we are considered to be an agent in these transactions and recognize revenue on a net basis for the agreed upon commission at the point in time when the goods or services are delivered to the end consumer.

 

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Sales of goods : Revenue from sales of goods relates to transactions where we act directly as the seller, i.e., where we enter into an agreement with a consumer to sell goods. These goods are sold for a fixed price, as determined by us, and we bear the obligation to deliver those goods to the consumer. As such, we are considered to be the principal in these transactions and recognize sales on a gross basis for the selling price at the point in time when the goods are delivered to the consumer. The delivery of the goods is not a separate performance obligation, as the consumer cannot benefit from the goods without the delivery, which must be performed by us. Therefore, revenue for goods and delivery are recognized at a point in time.

Fulfillment : We provide certain fulfillment services to our sellers and generally charge a “delivery fee” to consumers. Fulfillment services provided to sellers are agreed contractually with each seller and recognized according to the actual consumption of such services. The price for such fulfillment services is defined at the time of purchase through our platform, and we have unilateral power in establishing these fulfillment services. We are therefore the principal in these transactions and fulfillment fees are recognized on a gross basis in revenue. The revenue from fulfillment services is recognized at a point in time.

Marketing : We provide advertising services, such as performance marketing campaigns, placing banners on our platform or sending newsletters. The advertising services are contractually agreed with the advertisers. As we establish pricing and are primarily obliged to deliver these advertising services, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. The campaigns and banners are usually run for a short period of time only. Accordingly, the revenue is recognized at a point in time rather than over a period.

Other services : We provide other services to our sellers for which we charge fees such as logistics services, marketing services for marketplace sellers and packaging of products ahead of shipment. As we establish pricing, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Revenue for logistics is recognized over time as the performance obligation is being performed, while revenue for marketing services and packaging of products is recognized when the respective service is completed. Revenue from other services also includes revenue from providing technology services to third parties and other revenue not directly related to our platform.

We base our estimate of sales returns on historical results, taking into consideration the type of consumer, the type of transaction, the specifics of each arrangement and the contractual terms (return period for business to consumers’ transactions). We have estimated the level of sales returns to be immaterial.

We grant vouchers and free gift cards to consumers. Store credit vouchers issued for returns are offset against the sales return allowance and reduce the consumer receivable balance for sale of goods and the refund liability balance for commission-based transactions. Discount vouchers are accounted for as a reduction of the sales price for the sale of goods and as sales and advertising expense for commission-based transactions. Free gift cards are accounted for as sales and advertising expense in the profit or loss and are recorded as voucher accruals until the point in time in which they are used or until the likelihood of use of such gift cards is remote or expired.

Cost of revenue . Our cost of revenue consists primarily of the purchase price of consumer products where we act directly as the seller.

Fulfillment . Fulfillment expense consists of expense related to services of third-party logistics providers, which we refer to as freight and shipping, and expense mainly related to our network of warehouses, including employee benefit expense, which we refer to as fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping. Fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping represents those expenses incurred in operating and staffing our fulfillment and consumer service centers, including expense attributable to procuring, receiving, inspecting, and warehousing inventories and picking, packaging, and preparing consumer orders for shipment, including packaging materials. Fulfillment expense also includes expense relating to consumer service operations.

Sales and advertising expense . Sales and advertising expense represents expense associated with the promotion of our marketplace and include online and offline marketing expense, promotion of our brand through traditional media outlets, certain expense related to our consumer acquisition and engagement activities and other expense associated with our market presence.

 

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Technology and content expense . Technology and content expense consists principally of research and development activities, including wages and benefits, for employees involved in application, production, maintenance, operation for new and existing goods and services, as well as other technology infrastructure expense.

General and administrative expense . General and administrative expense contains wages and benefits, including share-based payment expense, of management as well as seller management, commercial development, accounting and legal staff, consulting expense, audit expense, office rent and related utilities, insurance and other overhead expense.

Results of Operations

Consolidated Statement of Operations:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Revenue

   94.0     130.6     $ 149.6  

Cost of revenue

     (65.8     (84.8     (97.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     28.2       45.7       52.4  

Fulfillment expense

     (34.4     (50.5     (57.9

Sales and advertising expense

     (37.9     (47.5     (54.4

Technology and content expense

     (20.6     (22.4     (25.7

General and administrative expense (1)

     (89.1     (94.9     (108.7

Other operating income

     1.3       0.2       0.2  

Other operating expense

     (2.2     (0.3     (0.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (154.7     (169.7     (194.4

Finance income

     2.3       1.6       1.8  

Finance costs

     (1.5     (1.3     (1.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

     (153.9     (169.5     (194.2

Income tax expense

     (11.5     (0.9     (1.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the year

   (165.4   (170.4   $ (195.2

 

(1)

Includes share-based payment expense of €26.3 million in 2017 and of €17.4 million in 2018.

Revenue

GMV increased by 63.3% from €507.1 million in 2017 to €828.2 million in 2018, mainly due to a 74.7% increase in GMV from third-party sales. All regions contributed to the growth of GMV, with particularly strong contributions from West Africa and Egypt.

 

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The increase in GMV led to an increase in revenue by 38.9% from €94.0 million in 2017 to €130.6 million in 2018. The following table shows a breakdown of our revenue in 2017 and 2018 by source:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)     (in millions)            (in millions)         
                        (unaudited)         
Revenue related to first-party sales                                        

Sales of goods

   68.2        72   81.6        63   $ 93.5        63

Revenue related to third-party sales

               

Commissions

     11.5        12       15.6        12       17.9        12  

Fulfillment

     6.3        7       15.0        11       17.2        11  

Marketing

     1.7        2       2.3        2       2.6        2  

Other services – value-added services (1)

     1.9        2       14.5        11       16.6        11  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue related to third-party sales (1)

     21.4        23       47.4        36       54.3        36  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Platform revenue

     89.6        95       129.0        99       147.8        99  

Non-platform revenue

               

Other services – non-platform revenue (1)

     4.4        5       1.6        1       1.8        1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   94.0        100 %     130.6        100 %     $ 149.6        100 %  

 

(1)

Unaudited.

Platform revenue increased by 44.0% from €89.6 million in 2017 to €129.0 million in 2018, due to increasing contributions related to both third-party and first-party sales. Commissions from third-party sales together with revenue from fulfillment, marketing and value-added services contributed €21.4 million to revenue in 2017 and €47.4 million in 2018, corresponding to an increase of 121.5%. This strong increase reflected both a 72.5% increase in third-party sale orders and the impact of initiatives to increase the monetization of value-added services. Contributions from sales of goods, i.e., revenue from first-party sales, increased from €68.2 million in 2017 to €81.6 million in 2018. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by 46.2% from €94.0 million in 2017 to €137.4 million in 2018.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased by 28.9% from €65.8 million in 2017 to €84.8 million in 2018. Cost of revenue primarily includes the purchase price of consumer products sold in first-party sales. Certain expenses associated with third-party sales, such as compensation paid to sellers for lost, damaged or late delivery items are also included in cost of revenue. Cost of revenue increased largely in line with the increase in first-party and third-party sales. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue increased by 35.0% from €65.8 million in 2017 to €88.8 million in 2018.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased by 62.1% from €28.2 million in 2017 to €45.7 million in 2018, primarily due to initiatives to increase the monetization of value-added services, which led to an increase in gross profit from third-party sales as a percentage of GMV. Contributions from first-party sales increased only slightly, as product mix effects led to a slight decrease in gross profit from first-party sales as a percentage of GMV. Overall, gross profit as a percentage of GMV remained nearly constant at 5.6% in 2017 and 5.5% in 2018.

Fulfillment Expense

Fulfillment expense increased by 46.8% from €34.4 million in 2017 to €50.5 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in freight and shipping from €15.1 million in 2017 to €29.9 million in 2018, resulting from an

 

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increase in the number of orders sold and an increase in cross-border sales. Higher delivery success rates driven by an increase in the adoption of JumiaPay contributed to efficiency improvements. Fulfillment expense other than freight and shipping increased from €19.3 million in 2017 to €20.5 million in 2018, demonstrating our ability to scale our operations using our existing logistics infrastructure. In addition, we benefited from data and technology driven improvements in our fulfillment operations.

Sales and Advertising Expense

Sales and advertising expense increased by 25.3% from €37.9 million in 2017 to €47.5 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in marketing activity and an increase in the fees and commissions to sales consultants, i.e., commissions paid to JForce consultants. As a percentage of GMV, sales and advertising expense decreased from 7.5% in 2017 to 5.7% in 2018, reflecting an improvement of marketing efficiency driven by increasing brand awareness and increased use of data as well as an increase in organic traffic driven by an increase of product assortment available on our platform and price attractiveness.

Technology and Content Expense

Technology and content expense increased by 8.7% from €20.6 million in 2017 to €22.4 million in 2018, primarily due to technology infrastructure costs and technology license and maintenance fees. This development was mainly driven by an increase in hosting and server costs due to higher traffic on our platform. As a percentage of GMV, technology and content expenses decreased from 4.1% in 2017 to 2.7% in 2018.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense increased by 6.5% from €89.1 million in 2017 to €94.9 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in audit, legal and other advisory fees, which was in part related to preparations for this offering. Higher rental expenses and office costs also contributed to the increase in general and administrative expense, which were partially offset by a decrease in share-based payment expense. As a percentage of GMV, general and administrative expense improved from 12.4% in 2017 to 11.5% in 2018, reflecting economies of scale and increased process automation.

Other Operating Income and Expense

Other operating income decreased by 84.6% from €1.3 million in 2017 to €0.2 million in 2018, and other operating expense decreased by 86.4% from €2.2 million in 2017 to €0.3 million in 2018.

Operating Loss

Operating loss increased by 9.7% from €154.7 million in 2017 to €169.7 million in 2018. Adjusting our operating loss for depreciation and amortization and share-based payment expense, our Adjusted EBITDA loss increased by 18.4% from €126.8 million in 2017 to €150.1 million in 2018, as an increase in gross profit was more than offset by higher fulfillment expense and adjusted general and administrative expense. As a percentage of GMV, Adjusted EBITDA improved from negative 25.0% in 2017 to negative 18.1% in 2018, demonstrating our increasing scale and operating leverage.

Finance Income

Finance income decreased by 30.4% from €2.3 million in 2017 to €1.6 million in 2018, primarily due to a decrease of foreign exchange gains.

Finance Costs

Finance costs decreased by 13.3% from €1.5 million in 2017 to €1.3 million in 2018, primarily due to a decrease in foreign exchange losses. This decrease was, however, partially offset by an increase in interest charges on loans.

 

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Loss before Income Tax

Loss before income tax increased by 10.1% from €153.9 million in 2017 to €169.5 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in operating loss as described above.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by 92.2% from €11.5 million in 2017 to €0.9 million in 2018, primarily due to our provision in 2017 related to uncertain tax position regarding corporate income tax.

Loss for the Year

Loss for the year increased by 3.0% from €165.4 million in 2017 to €170.4 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in operating loss as described above.

Quarterly Data

The following table sets forth certain unaudited financial data for each fiscal quarter for the periods indicated. The unaudited quarterly information includes all normal recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair statement of the information shown. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Our quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

 

     2017 (1)     2018 (1)  
     First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
 
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Revenue

   19.3     18.3     19.8     36.6     28.3     24.8     33.6     43.8  

Cost of revenue

     (13.7     (12.2     (11.7     (28.3     (19.8     (15.9     (21.1     (28.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     5.6       6.2       8.2       8.3       8.6       8.9       12.5       15.7  

Fulfillment expense

     (5.8     (7.1     (8.7     (12.9     (9.6     (10.3     (13.3     (17.2

Sales and advertising expense

     (6.5     (9.4     (9.2     (12.8     (10.9     (10.3     (12.2     (14.1

Technology and content expense

     (4.5     (4.4     (5.1     (6.5     (5.1     (5.4     (5.3     (6.6

General and administrative expense (2)

     (13.6     (14.2     (35.0     (26.3     (17.4     (24.5     (22.5     (30.6

Other operating income

     0.2       0.2       0.1       0.9       0.1       (0.0     0.3       (0.3

Other operating expense

     (0.4     (0.2     (0.1     (1.5     (0.0     (0.3     (0.2     0.2  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

   (25.0   (29.0   (49.8   (50.9   (34.3   (41.9   (40.6   (52.9

 

(1)

Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly amounts may not equal the amounts reported for the relevant full-year period.

(2)

Includes share-based payment expense of €0.4 million in the first quarter of 2017, share-based compensation income of €0.1 million in the second quarter of 2017 and share-based payment expense of €20.7 million in the third quarter of 2017, €5.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2017, €3.6 million in the first quarter of 2018, €5.8 million in the second quarter of 2018, €4.3 million in the third quarter of 2018 and €3.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2018.

 

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The following table sets forth certain key performance indicators, for each fiscal quarter for the periods indicated.

 

     2017     2018  
     First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
 
     (unaudited, in millions)  

GMV

   88.6     101.8     118.9     197.9     152.4     166.3     198.4     311.0  

Active Consumers (1)

     1.9       2.0       2.3       2.7       3.0       3.2       3.5       4.0  

Adjusted EBITDA (2)

   (24.1   (28.7   (28.6   (45.4   (30.2   (35.6   (35.8   (48.6

 

(1)

Unique consumers who placed an order on our marketplace within the last 12-month period from the relevant period end, irrespective of cancellations or returns.

(2)

Please see “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data—Selected Other Data” for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-IFRS measure, to the most directly comparable IFRS financial performance measure and why we consider Adjusted EBITDA useful.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of €100.6 million. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash in bank accounts and cash in hand.

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through equity issuances. Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are to finance working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. Our capital expenditures consist primarily of computer equipment, office equipment and lease-hold improvements. We believe, based on our current operating plan, that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the additional contribution from our new investor, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH, the proceeds of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement, the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares and cash flows from operating activities, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate needs and business expansion for at least the next twelve months. Although we believe that upon the completion of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, we will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to cover our working capital needs in the ordinary course of business and to continue to expand our business, we may, from time to time, explore additional financing sources.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2017     2018  
     (in millions)  
                 (unaudited)  

Net cash flows used in operating activities

   (117.0   (139.0   $ (159.2

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (2.6     (3.6     (4.1

Net cash flows from financing activities

     121.6       213.2       244.2  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     2.0       70.6       80.9  

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

     29.8       29.7       34.0  

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

   29.7     100.6     $ 115.2  

Net Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Net cash flows used in operating activities increased by 18.8% from a cash outflow of €117.0 million in 2017 to a cash outflow of €139.0 million in 2018, primarily driven by an increase in our loss before income tax adjusted for non-cash items and finance income/costs. A reduction in working capital, primarily related to improved accounts receivables and inventory management, led to net cash inflows of €3.1 million in 2018 compared to net cash outflows of €1.3 million in 2017, which partially offset the increase in our cash effective loss.

 

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Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities increased by 38.5% from a cash outflow of €2.6 million in 2017 to a cash outflow of €3.6 million in 2018. In both periods, these cash outflows were primarily driven by outflows related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment.

Net Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities increased by 75.3% from a cash inflow of €121.6 million in 2017 to a cash inflow of €213.2 million in 2018. In 2017, net cash flows from financing activities primarily included cash inflows of €120.0 million from capital contributions from existing shareholders. In 2018, cash inflows primarily related to proceeds in the amount of €216 million based on existing capital commitments called from our shareholders.

Contractual Obligations

The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018:

 

     Payment due by period  
     Total      Less than 1
year
     1-5
years
     More than 5
years
 
     (unaudited, in millions)  

Operating leases

   9.2      4.4      4.9         

We have entered into commercial leases of warehouses, office premises and transportation. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases amount to €9.2 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2018, except for operating lease obligations shown above, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Changes in Accounting Policies and Disclosures

Amendments to Standards that Became Effective as of January 1, 2018

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments that replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three aspects of the accounting for financial instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early application permitted. Except for hedge accounting, retrospective application is required. Any adjustments are presented in equity as of the adoption date. We have applied IFRS 9 from January 1, 2018 onwards. The adoption of IFRS 9 did not have a material impact on our reported assets and liabilities and profit or loss.

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014 and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with consumers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a consumer.

 

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The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. We plan to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective application method.

We assessed the effects of applying the new standard on our financial statements. According to this assessment, the adoption of IFRS 15 did not have a material impact on our reported profit or loss nor the accumulated losses balance.

Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective

The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are outlined below. We intend to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they become effective.

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and it replaces IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease, SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees – leases of ’low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognize a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset. The change in presentation of operating lease expenses will result in a corresponding increase in cash flows from operating activities and a decrease in cash flows from financing activities.

According to the new standard, when determining the relevant lease term we will include any lessee’s extension or termination option that is deemed reasonably certain. Such options must be assessed at the commencement of a lease, necessitating judgment by the management. We must use an appropriate discount rate in accordance with IFRS 16 to measure the lease liability at the present value of the remaining lease payments. The appropriate discount rate is the interest rate implicit in the lease; or, if that cannot be determined, the incremental borrowing rate at the date of the lease commencement. Determination of the incremental borrowing rate requires judgment by the management and may have a significant impact on the net present value of the right-of-use asset as well as the amount of lease liability recognized.

Lessees will re-measure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term or a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the re-measurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in IAS 17 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases.

IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and requires lessees and lessors to make more extensive disclosures than under IAS 17.

Transition to IFRS 16

We have decided to adopt IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective method in IFRS 16. Therefore, we will only recognize leases identified under IFRIC 4 and IAS 17 on our balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. These

 

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liabilities will be measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. The right-of-use asset will be measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments relating to that lease recognized in the statement of financial position immediately before the date of initial application.

We will apply the following practical expedients as permitted by IFRS 16:

 

   

apply a single discount rate to the assets with similar characteristics – since we only have leases of buildings (namely offices, warehouse and hubs), each group entity will use the same discount rate of all lease assets with similar lease terms;

 

   

elect to use the exemption proposed by standard on lease contracts for which the lease terms end within 12 months as of the date of initial application;

 

   

not recognize leases whose term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application; and

 

   

exclude initial direct costs from the measurement of right-of-use assets at the date of initial application.

During 2018, we performed a detailed impact assessment of IFRS 16. While we are finalizing the implementation of this new standard, as a preliminary result, we expect to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities between €9.0 million and €9.5 million. The impact on accumulated deficit is expected to be immaterial.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expense, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, including disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods. For more information on our critical accounting estimates and judgments, see Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Judgments

In the process of applying our accounting policies, our management has made the following judgments. These judgments have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

Consolidation of Entities:

In course of our operations, we use services from entities in which we do not hold the majority of voting rights. These entities are either:

 

   

operating services companies for providing payroll and support services;

 

   

operating e-commerce services in countries where a local partner is required to hold majority of the voting rights; or

 

   

owned by group executives acting as de-facto agent for us.

As of December 31, 2018, we have determined that we control these entities as we have power over the investees, rights to variable returns and the ability to use our power over the investee to affect the amount of these returns.

 

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Revenue from Contracts with Consumers

We apply the following judgments that significantly affect the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with consumers:

Principal versus Agent Considerations

We enter into contracts where we act as a seller, determine the price of goods and bear the obligation to deliver those goods to the consumer. We have determined that, under these contracts, we control the goods before they are transferred to consumers. Thus, we are a principal in these contracts. Additionally, in cases where we enter into transaction wherein we provide fulfillment and marketing services, we are obliged to deliver the services and have discretion to set the price for such services. Thus, we are also considered a principal in such transactions.

In cases where we enter into a contract to provide vendors with access to our selling platform so that they can sell goods directly to consumers, we have no discretion to set the price of such goods and no inventory risk with respect to such goods. Thus, we are considered an agent in such transactions.

Estimates and Assumptions

Uncertain Tax Positions

The application of tax rules to complex transactions is sometimes open to interpretation, both by us and taxation authorities. Those interpretations of tax law that are unclear are generally referred to as uncertain tax positions.

Uncertain tax positions are assessed and reviewed by management at the end of each reporting period. Liabilities are recorded for tax positions that are determined by management as more likely than not to result in additional taxes being levied if the positions were to be challenged by the tax authorities. The assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. These judgments are based on the interpretation of tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, and any known court or other rulings on such issues. Liabilities for penalties, interest and taxes are recognized based on management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligations at the end of the reporting period. Management’s best estimate of the amount to be provided is determined by their judgment and, in some cases, reports from independent experts.

Share-Based Compensation

We operate an equity-settled share-based payment plan, under which directors and employees receive compensation in form of equity instruments (share/participation and option plans) of the Company or one of its subsidiaries for the services provided. Awards are granted with service and/or performance vesting conditions.

Awards granted in 2017 and 2018 are summarized below with the associated exercise prices.

 

Grant Date

   Number of
Options/Participations
Granted (1)
     Exercise Price per Unit
(in €) (2)
 

July 1, 2017

     809,352        1.00  

July 1, 2017

     1,233        15.00  

July 1, 2017

     22,834        37.00  

May 1, 2018

     89,335        1.00  

May 1, 2018

     342        15.00  

May 1, 2018

     4,095        37.00  

December 1, 2018

     3,684        1.00  

 

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(1)

The number of options granted on the grant dates listed here do not reflect the roll-up and conversion of options subsequent to the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH to Jumia Technologies AG, as explained in the section “Management—Management Board and Senior Management—Share-Based Incentive Plans,” or the capital increase from own resources, as explained in the section “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association—Changes in Our Share Capital During the Last Three Fiscal Years,” both effective during the first quarter of 2019.

(2)

The exercise prices shown here do not reflect the modification of the exercise prices for the options granted under the 2016 Plan subsequent to the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH to Jumia Technologies AG, as explained in the section “Management—Management Board and Senior Management—Share-Based Incentive Plans,” or the capital increase from own resources, as explained in the section “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association—Changes in Our Share Capital During the Last Three Fiscal Years,” both effective during the first quarter of 2019.

For more information on of our exposure to these estimates and assumptions concerning the awards granted in 2017 and 2018, see Notes 2(r), 3 and 13 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

We have agreed to indemnify the members of the management board against income tax liabilities they may incur with respect to income received from us, including from share-based payment instruments granted by us in excess of a total tax liability of 25% of the relevant income in countries where they are not tax resident up to a total amount of €40 million. For more information, see “Management—Management Board and Senior Management—Compensation of the Members of our Management Board and Senior Management.”

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to a variety of risks in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. We regularly assess each of these risks to minimize any adverse effects on our business as a result of those factors. For discussion and sensitivity analyses of our exposure to these risks, see Note 26 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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BUSINESS

Our Mission

Our mission is to improve the quality of everyday life in Africa by leveraging technology to deliver innovative, convenient and affordable online services to consumers, while helping businesses grow as they use our platform to reach and serve consumers.

Overview

We are the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Our platform consists of our marketplace, which connects sellers with consumers, our logistics service, which enables the shipment and delivery of packages from sellers to consumers, and our payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active on our platform in selected markets.

We are active in six regions in Africa, which consist of 14 countries that together accounted for 72% of Africa’s GDP of €2 trillion, and 74% of African consumer expenditure of €1.4 trillion in 2018, according to the IMF and Euromonitor, respectively. Though still nascent, we believe that e-commerce in Africa is well positioned to grow. In 2018, less than 1% of retail sales for countries measured in our footprint in Africa were conducted online, compared to nearly 24% in China, according to Euromonitor.

We intend to benefit from the expected growth of e-commerce in Africa through the investments that we have made and the extensive local expertise that we have developed since our founding in 2012. Through our operations, we have developed a deep understanding of the economic, technical, geographic and cultural complexities that are unique to Africa, and which vary from country to country. We believe that our deep understanding has enabled us to create solutions that address the needs and preferences of our sellers and consumers in the most comprehensive and efficient way. We possess extensive local knowledge of the logistics and payment landscapes in the markets in which we operate, which we consider to be a key component of the success of our company. In addition, we take full advantage of the mobile-centric aspects of the African market by having adopted a “mobile-first” approach in our product development and marketing efforts, which allows us to expand the audience for our goods and services, increase engagement and conversion and reduce our consumer acquisition costs.

On our marketplace, a large and diverse group of sellers offer goods in a wide range of categories, such as fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living, consumer packaged goods, beauty and perfumes and other electronics. We also provide consumers with easy access to a number of services, such as restaurant food delivery, hotel and flight booking, classified advertising, airtime recharge and “instant delivery.” On our platform, we had 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and a total of 4.0 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2018. We believe that the number and quality of sellers on our marketplace, and the breadth of their respective offerings, attract more consumers to our platform, increasing traffic and orders, which in turn attracts even more sellers to Jumia, creating powerful network effects. Our marketplace operates with limited inventory risk, as the goods sold by sellers via our marketplace are predominantly sold by third-party sellers, meaning the cost of inventory remains with the seller. In 2018, approximately 90% of the items sold on our marketplace were offered by third-party sellers, while we sold the remaining 10% of items directly in order to enhance consumer experience in key categories and regions.

Our logistics service, Jumia Logistics, facilitates the delivery of goods in a convenient and reliable way. It consists of a large network of leased warehouses, pick up stations for consumers and drop-off locations for sellers and more than 100 local third-party logistics service providers, whom we integrate and manage through our proprietary technology, data and processes. In certain cities, where we believe it is beneficial to enhance our logistics service, we also operate our own last-mile fleet. In 2018, Jumia Logistics handled 13.4 million packages, and over 92% of our deliveries in 2018 were made by fully integrated partners using our technology and processes.

 

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Traditionally, consumers across Africa rely on cash to transact. We have designed our payment service, JumiaPay, to facilitate online transactions between participants on our platform, with the intention of integrating additional financial services in the future. We introduced JumiaPay in four markets, including Nigeria in 2016 and Egypt in 2018, through agreements with locally licensed sponsoring banks. JumiaPay has been adopted rapidly by consumers. In the fourth quarter of 2018, 54% of orders placed on our platform in Nigeria and Egypt were completed using JumiaPay. Our payment service app, Jumia One, also allows consumers to complete online payments, such as airtime recharge or utility payments, and provides our sellers with access to attractive financing solutions offered by our financial partners. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not monetize our payment services. In the future, we may decide to do so, including by opening up our payment services to third parties.

Our operations benefit from centralized decision-making and a uniform technology platform coupled with coordinated local presence. Our unified, scalable technology platform has been developed by our technology and data team, which is predominantly located in Portugal. This technology platform covers all relevant aspects of our operations, from data management, business intelligence, traffic optimization and consumer engagement to infrastructure, logistics and payments. We constantly collect and analyze data to help us optimize our operations, make our consumer experience more personal and relevant, and enable us, selected sellers and logistics partners to make informed real-time decisions. Our local teams in each of our countries of operations have access to, and may benefit from, the centralized data collection and analytics and are empowered to use the insights gained from our platform in order to take action locally.

Our business has grown substantially. As of December 31, 2018, we had 4.0 million Active Consumers, up from 2.7 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2017. Our GMV was €828.2 million in 2018, up from €507.1 million in 2017. GMV is the primary driver of our revenue. For sales by third-party sellers, we retain commissions based on the value of goods and services that such third parties sell to consumers via our marketplace, net of cancellations and returns. We also directly offer and sell goods in selected categories where we see unmet demand or the need to better control the consumer experience. On these first-party sales, we record the full sales price net of returns as revenue and earn a gross margin equal to the difference between the sales price and cost of goods sold. Our revenue was €130.6 million in 2018, up from €94.0 million in 2017.

Our gross profit increased by 62.1% from €28.2 million in 2017 to €45.7 million in 2018. Our gross profit less freight and shipping expense, a predominantly variable expense attributable to the delivery of orders, has been showing an improving trend and was positive in both 2017 and 2018, demonstrating our core unit economics as well as the benefits of our increasing scale. In addition, in Nigeria, which is our largest and most mature geographic market, our gross profit less fulfillment expense was positive 0.9% of GMV in the second half of 2018, up from negative 2.0% during the same period in 2017, demonstrating the operating leverage of our overall logistics platform. Our consolidated operating loss increased from €154.7 million in 2017 to €169.7 million in 2018, and our consolidated loss for the year increased from €165.4 million in 2017 to €170.4 million in 2018. As a percentage of GMV, our consolidated loss for the year decreased from negative 32.6% in 2017 to negative 20.6% in 2018.

 

Our

Market Opportunity

Comprised of 54 countries and with a total population of over 1.2 billion people, Africa is the second-largest continent in the world by land mass and population and contributed 4.7% of the world’s total GDP in 2018, according to the IMF. In 2017, the regions in which we operate accounted for 55% of the African population.

 

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The African e-commerce landscape is characterized by favorable macroeconomic and demographic conditions, as illustrated by the following graphic:

LOGO

Sources: Planet Retail, Euromonitor, Ovum, CIA World Factbook, IMF

Notes:

1.

Expected real GDP % Growth CAGR 2018-2023

2.

For Africa as of 2015

3.

Defined as the percentage of population with 3G and 4G

Attractive Fundamentals

Africa represents a large and growing consumer market that is positioned for growth, driven by the following key macroeconomic facts and trends:

 

   

Economic development : Spurred by strong global macroeconomic trends, Africa’s GDP is expected to grow by 6.0% in 2019 and at a 5.9% compound annual growth rate from 2018 to 2023, compared to 3.5% for major advanced economies (G7) and 5.6% globally, according to the IMF on a purchasing power parity basis. Aggregate private consumption in Africa grew at an average of 3.7% per annum from 2010 to 2016, and according to McKinsey Global Institute in 2015, spending by consumers and businesses totaled $4 trillion, with business spending alone totaling $2.6 trillion in 2015. In 2010, 355 million people, or 34% of the population, were considered “middle class” according to the African Development Bank. By 2060 that number is expected to grow to 1.1 billion people or 42% of the population, representing an average annual growth of approximately 15 million people, according to the same source.

 

   

Infrastructure investments : Investments in infrastructure, which totaled over $62.5 billion in 2016, are key to this growth and led by both strong domestic and foreign direct investment, according to the African Development Bank.

 

   

Large, fast-growing and young population : As of 2018, Africa comprised approximately 17% of the world’s population, according to the United Nations World Population Prospects Report from 2018. Nevertheless, half of the world’s population growth between 2015 and 2050 is projected to be driven by Africa, according to the same source. For example, Nigeria is projected to become the third most populated country in the world by 2050, after India and China, according to the same source. The average age across the continent is 19.4 years in 2015, more than ten years younger than the global average of 30.6 in 2018, according to the United Nations and the CIA World Factbook, respectively. We believe that this younger generation, born into an “online” world is increasingly seeking access to a wider choice of food, consumer goods and entertainment options as it becomes increasingly connected to, and aware of, global consumer trends.

 

   

Increasing urbanization : Urban centers play a critical role in driving economic growth. As of 2018, only 43% of Africans lived in urban centers, compared to 82% in North America and 50% in Asia,

 

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according to the United Nations. However, 59% of Africans are expected to be living in urban areas by 2050, indicating an organic and migration-driven growth of over 970 million people to urban centers during that period, according to the same source.

Increasing Internet Penetration

Africa is rapidly becoming a “connected” market, representing a large opportunity for internet-based businesses. Africa had an estimated 453 million internet users across the continent, 77% of whom lived in the regions in which we operate, as of the end of 2017 according to Internet World Stats, a site of the Miniwatts Marketing Group. Some of the key factors driving this evolution are:

 

   

Investments in mobile network infrastructure : Africa has emerged as a “mobile-first” market, in which many consumers access the internet for the first time using a mobile device. Investment in global information and communications technology infrastructure in Africa totaled over $1.6 billion in 2016, and telecommunication operators across the continent are committed to making additional significant investments in cellular network infrastructure in order to meet rising demand.

 

   

Growing mobile internet penetration : Mobile broadband penetration in Africa, which was 32%, or 399 million subscribers in 2017, is expected to increase to 73% by 2022, according to the market research firm Ovum. This increase represents approximately 600 million new subscribers, bringing the total number of Africans with 3G or 4G connections to over 1 billion, according to the same source.

 

   

Increasing smartphone adoption : While feature phones are still the most popular phones in Africa, smartphone penetration as a percentage of the total mobile connections is growing, was 40% in 2017, and is expected by Ovum to increase to 77% by 2022. The growth in smartphone adoption is driven by decreasing average selling prices and the availability of lower cost data plans, according to the Alliance for Affordable Internet and IDC, respectively. We believe that smartphones, with larger screens, more intuitive user interfaces and wider availability of apps are a strong driver of mobile e-commerce adoption.

Evolving Shopping Trends from Offline to Online

As Africa becomes more affluent and “connected,” we believe that African consumers will increasingly become aware of online shopping. Moreover, organized retail is underdeveloped across most of the continent, making the distribution of goods less efficient than in other regions in the world. Against this backdrop, we believe that e-commerce is an attractive alternative to the general lack of organized retail outlets. Across Africa, there are an estimated 17 million small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”) and merchants, demonstrating a large commerce market, accordingly to the World Bank Group Finances. We believe that the expansion and success of e-commerce solutions across Africa will be driven by the following factors:

 

   

Increasing consumer awareness and trust : As e-commerce and the internet are both relatively new to Africa, educating African consumers about the benefits of online shopping (including for “non-standard” items such as apparel) will be a key factor driving consumer adoption.

 

   

Availability and quality of logistics infrastructure : Outside of certain major cities, many Africans live in areas that lack clear addresses, including in rural areas that are often far from the nearest warehouse or distribution center. As infrastructure continues to improve across Africa and urbanization rates increase, we expect increasing availability of reliable, high-quality and cost effective delivery solutions to contribute to the rise of e-commerce in Africa.

 

   

Consumer adoption of mobile and digital payments : Electronic payments in the form of mobile phone-based solutions, credit card, debit card or other similar methods are already an important form of payment in Africa. As of December 2016, there were 277 million mobile money accounts in Sub-Saharan Africa alone, more than those with a bank account, according to data from GSMA and the African Development Bank, respectively. Mobile payment enables these consumers to participate in

 

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the formal economy while enabling electronic payment of e-commerce orders, driving higher delivery success rate vs. cash transactions, thus increasing the overall efficiency of e-commerce.

Our Value Proposition

Our Value Proposition to Sellers

 

   

Access to a large and growing consumer base : We believe that our brand has become synonymous with online and mobile shopping in our markets, and we have built a logistics service that provides sellers with access to consumers across a wide delivery footprint. As a result, through our platform, local sellers can efficiently reach consumers across a particular country, and international sellers can efficiently reach a large number of consumers across most major markets in Africa. In 2018, we connected sellers with 4.0 million Active Consumers.

 

   

Unique data : We offer our sellers data and analytic services, helping them to more effectively tailor and customize their offerings and marketing efforts. For example, we are often able to inform sellers which goods are attracting the most interest and where, allowing them to modify their production and distribution processes and marketing campaigns. This data may also help sellers improve their pricing and inventory management processes from forecasting to buying to end-of-life promotions, leading to increased sales for sellers on our platform.

 

   

Brand building : Many sellers have successfully built their own brand awareness and run brand promotions on our marketplace, embracing our platform as a way to distinguish their own brand identities and build their own brand awareness. Association with Jumia is an additional validating point for sellers and their brands.

 

   

Infrastructure support : Sellers rely on our platform for a range of essential support services to operate their businesses, such as content creation facilities and web-based and mobile interfaces to manage listings, orders or promotional campaigns.

 

   

Financial services : In selected markets, our sellers have access to attractive financing solutions offered by various financial institutions. This enables our sellers to find the necessary financing to expand their businesses.

Our Value Proposition to Consumers

 

   

Integrated ecosystem : We have built an integrated consumer ecosystem around our marketplace, which allows us to offer consumers a broad selection of goods and services that are relevant for their everyday needs. Besides the ability to purchase a wide range of goods from our marketplace, consumers can order food delivery from our partner restaurants, book hotels or airline tickets online, pay their utility bills, recharge their mobile plans and find a new job or sell an old car on one of our classified portals. This provides a higher level of convenience to consumers compared to the traditional, fragmented nature of African commerce.

 

   

Selection, price and convenience : We believe that our platform is the largest e-commerce marketplace in Africa. With a total of 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and over 29.5 million product listings on our marketplace as of December 31, 2018, consumers have access to goods from a wide range of categories, such as fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living, fast-moving consumer goods, beauty and perfumes and other electronics. Our marketplace includes high volume items as well as more niche, tailored and personalized goods, which we refer to as “long-tail” goods, that are often only available to consumers through our platform in the markets in which we operate. Such long-tail goods can offer consumers greater selection, which help us increase consumer loyalty. The large number of sellers on our marketplace, and the pricing transparency that is inherent to our platform, lead to competition among our sellers and attractive prices for our consumers. Our consumers can access goods and services on our platform 24-hours a day, 7-days a week through our mobile applications and websites.

 

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Product quality and consumer protection : In order to provide a quality experience, we have implemented standards that encourage our sellers to make quality their priority. Many of our sellers offer consumer protection programs, such as guaranteed returns and product warranties. We have established a data-driven seller scoring program that which rewards sellers that consistently offer high-quality goods and that are responsive to consumer needs, and we have a policy to delist sellers who violate our defined standards and rules. Our approach provides strong incentives for sellers to improve their operations.

 

   

Secure and convenient payments : Given that many consumers in Africa are new to e-commerce, reliability and security are critical in convincing consumers to make purchases online. We have developed tools and processes to enable consumers who prefer not to use cashless payment to pay in cash on delivery for most transactions. We have also developed our own payment service, JumiaPay, in order to offer our consumers a safe, fast and easy payment solution, whether they shop using a desktop computer or a mobile device. JumiaPay is currently available in four markets.

 

   

Reliable and timely delivery : We have developed an integrated logistics service, Jumia Logistics, enabling us to fulfill and deliver orders even outside main urban centers in a timely and reliable manner. Through Jumia Express, we seek to provide consumers with a superior experience, as we store goods in our warehouses, seek to ensure full availability of all Jumia Express labeled goods and handle the packaging and delivery process, thus providing consumers with even faster delivery and more reliable fulfillment. Real-time information on delivery status makes the delivery process transparent for consumers.

Our Scale and Size

As illustrated by the following graphic, our business has achieved significant scale and size since our founding in 2012:

 

LOGO

Source: Company information

Notes:

1.

As of 2018, active consumers defined as unique consumers that placed an order on our marketplace within the last 12-month period, irrespective of cancellations or returns

2.

As of December 31, 2018

3.

In Nigeria and Egypt, as of the fourth quarter 2018

 

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Our Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to our success and position us well for future growth.

Strengths Related to Our Competitive Position

Pan - African leader . We believe that we are the only e-commerce business successfully operating across multiple regions in Africa. Through our full scale operations in six regions of Africa, we generated €507.1 million in GMV in 2017 and €828.2 million in 2018, more than any other e-commerce player in the markets in which we operate. Our reach and capabilities position us as the preferred partner in Africa for sellers, from individuals to large global brands, and as the preferred shopping destination for consumers. On our platform, we had 81 thousand Active Sellers as of December 31, 2018 and a total of 4.0 million Active Consumers as of December 31, 2018.

Deep local expertise . Africa has unique economic, technical, geographic and cultural complexities that must be overcome to build a successful business. We operate exclusively in Africa and have invested significant resources to innovate and tailor our platform to reflect local market characteristics since our founding in 2012. Through our operations, we have developed a deep understanding of the needs and preferences of our sellers and consumers, which has enabled us to develop solutions that address those needs in the most comprehensive and efficient way. In addition, we possess extensive local knowledge of the logistics and payment landscapes in the markets in which we operate, which we consider to be a key driver of the success of our platform. Our ability to manage the key complexities in Africa is an advantage relative to potential international entrants, who may lack our on-the-ground capabilities and local seller and consumer insights. We are also well positioned against local competitors within individual markets, who may struggle to expand their reach across multiple markets or build the capabilities necessary to support their operations at scale.

Trusted brand . Trust is critical in Africa, where people traditionally rely on face-to-face interaction to transact business. We believe that our targeted marketing efforts and consistent focus on delivering a high-quality seller and consumer experience have helped us to build a strong reputation and create a leading brand that consumers and sellers recognize and trust. Our brand is well known by consumers and sellers and is among the most recognizable in our regions of operation. For example, based on our calculations aggregating the data from aided brand awareness studies we commissioned in four of our largest markets (Nigeria, Morocco, Ivory Coast and Kenya) in February 2019, of the respondents who are online shoppers and who know Jumia, 78% purchased through our site in the 12 months preceding the survey, 88% of these 78% made repeat purchases during the same time frame and 89% would recommend Jumia to a friend.

Integrated ecosystem driving consumer engagement . We have built an integrated consumer ecosystem around our marketplace, which allows us to maximize the lifetime value of our consumers by offering a broad selection of goods and services that address their everyday needs. Besides the ability to purchase a wide range of goods, such as apparel or electronics, on our marketplace, consumers can order food delivery from our partner restaurants, book hotels or airline tickets online, pay their utility bills, recharge their mobile plans and find a new job or sell an old car on one of our classifieds portals. This integrated ecosystem approach, combined with delivering all our goods and services under our recognized brands, allows us to have multiple touch points with our consumers, which leads to increased consumer engagement and time spent on our platform and higher consumer acquisition and engagement efficiency.

Leading seller platform that fuels powerful network effects . From large international brands to smaller local sellers, we are the go-to partner for e-commerce transactions in Africa. We offer sellers a wide variety of services, including integration to our platform, content production, pricing, sales and marketing services, payments, logistics and seller support. These services help our sellers market, sell and deliver goods to consumers across Africa. In addition, we enable certain international sellers from selected non-African countries to list their goods on our marketplace, providing them with efficient and scalable access to African markets. The

 

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number and quality of sellers on our platform, including an increasing number of international sellers, and the breadth of their product offerings attract more consumers, increasing traffic and orders, which in turn attracts even more sellers to our marketplace.

Powerful data insights. Our advanced technology platform enables us to collect significant amounts of data that in turn drives our proprietary algorithms, unlocking new capabilities and generating incremental value for our platform. Our data management system, including powerful data analytics services and machine learning algorithms, helps us run our business more efficiently and enables our sellers, consumers and partners to maximize the value of our platform. For example, we provide data to sellers to enable them to better understand demand for their goods, help them optimize their assortment and pricing and target and acquire a broader base of consumers with similar attributes. For consumers, we use our data to create a better shopping experience by personalizing as much as possible every step of the experience, from browsing to delivery. We also leverage our data to help our logistics partners improve their fulfillment and delivery processes.

Strengths Related to Our Business Model

Proven and efficient business model . We operate a marketplace that has by design proven successful in many non-African markets. Our operations center predominantly around our e-commerce marketplace. We also directly sell goods in selected categories where we see unmet demand or the need to better control the consumer experience. In response to any sales we make, third-party sellers often decide to offer the same or similar goods, allowing us to discontinue our own sales of the relevant product. Accordingly, we typically hold limited inventory.

Scalable, asset - light logistics . We believe that Jumia Logistics is the leading e-commerce fulfillment and express delivery service in Africa. It seamlessly integrated more than 100 logistics partners across Africa as of December 31, 2018, offering sellers on our marketplace the benefits of a distributed and scalable logistics service and consumers more rapid access to the goods that they desire. Jumia Logistics is technology and data-centric and asset-light given that most of the last-mile deliveries are made by our logistics partners. In 2018, Jumia Logistics facilitated the delivery of 13.4 million packages generated from transactions on our marketplace, from the largest cities to remote rural villages of Africa. We are deeply engaged with our logistics partners and take an active role in designing and monitoring processes and tools that allow them to operate their businesses in a more effective way.

Efficient, centralized operational footprint . We centrally manage our operations, allowing for efficient decision making and planning. Our central functions facilitate organized knowledge and information sharing among our local operations, allowing us to test different versions of new technology, features and goods simultaneously in different markets and learn very quickly and efficiently. Our global technology center in Porto, Portugal, provides the centralized, unified technology backbone for our operations in our six regions.

Proprietary technology infrastructure . We have built a highly reliable and scalable technology infrastructure that can handle the large transaction volumes generated on our platform, and we continue to invest in technology to support the strong growth of our business and the ongoing evolution of our services. We have focused the development of our technology infrastructure on building a comprehensive platform rather than disconnected products, which we believe support our ability to handle significant increases in traffic and the number of consumers, sellers and orders throughout the Jumia ecosystem. The reliability and scalability of our technology infrastructure is evidenced, for example, by our successful processing of approximately three times the normal monthly order volume during a 30-day period around the Black Friday sale event in 2018. Furthermore, in December 2018, our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites were available 99.9% of the time.

“Mobile - first” approach in a mobile - centric market. Smartphone penetration in Africa was 40% in 2017 and is expected to increase to 77% by 2022. We have adopted a “mobile-first” approach in our product

 

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development and marketing efforts. This allows us to expand the audience for our goods and services, drive up engagement and conversion and reduce our consumer acquisition costs. We believe that we have developed a deep understanding of the shopping habits of mobile consumers in Africa and deliver the mobile experience to our consumers through three types of mobile technologies: native applications, progressive web applications and light browsers (an interface that is compatible with low data consumption browsers). Progressive web applications load like regular web pages but can offer enhanced functionality such as working offline, push notifications, and device hardware access traditionally available only to native mobile applications. As a result of our “mobile-first” approach, traffic to our platform from mobile applications and mobile-optimized websites accounted for 81% of our overall traffic in the fourth quarter of 2018. During the same period, 61% of orders placed on our platform came from such mobile traffic. We expect the importance of a mobile-first approach to increase even further in the future, as more households use smartphones and tablets as primary devices to access the internet.

Founder - led management team . Our management team is led by our original founders, which gives us an outstanding combination of stability and a strong entrepreneurial corporate culture. Our corporate culture is central to our success and is based on core values shared by everyone at Jumia. We believe that all our employees are leaders, that every challenge has a solution, that even big organizations need to be innovative and that diversity, meritocracy and team work are paramount to success. As we do not have a majority shareholder, we believe that we have developed a strong corporate governance model focused on long-term success.

Our Growth Strategy

The key elements of our growth strategy include:

Continue to grow our business and leadership position across our current markets . We intend to leverage our e-commerce platform to continue to increase our consumer base in each of the markets in which we operate in order to continue growing our business. Favorable trends in our markets, such as a growing urban population, increase in the access to mobile phones and broadband networks and an increasing proportion of young, tech-savvy people, as well as growing awareness of the Jumia brand, position us to unlock this potential and to increase the volume of transactions conducted on our platform.

Drive consumer adoption and usage of our marketplace through increased selection and consumer education . Based on our knowledge of the African consumer, we believe selection and convenience are critical drivers of consumer adoption and continuing loyalty in e-commerce. We will continue to focus on selection and convenience to further improve the attractiveness of our marketplace to consumers. We also believe that the main reason consumers do not purchase goods and services online is the lack of understanding of how transactions work in practice, e.g., that having a bank card is not a prerequisite for transacting online, that purchased goods can be returned and that paying a delivery fee can often be more affordable than driving to the physical store. By delivering a positive online shopping experience and by educating African consumers through targeted educational marketing campaigns, we intend to increase the number of consumers regularly transacting on our marketplace.

Continue to increase the number of sellers and level of seller engagement while increasing the monetization of our services . In order to provide our consumers with the best selection and prices, we need to continue attracting more sellers to our marketplace, assist these sellers in growing their businesses and encourage them to increase their assortments and decrease the prices of the goods that they sell. To this end, we intend to continue to invest in our seller platform, to educate sellers on how to best leverage their online presence, to improve the quality and usage of the data and marketing tools used by sellers, and to expand our seller financing program. As sellers grow their businesses on Jumia, we intend to increase the adoption of our seller services, such as marketing, data and business support services, leading to higher monetization.

Further develop Jumia Logistics in order to better serve consumers and drive economies of scale . We intend to use various strategies to increase the reliability of deliveries and shorten delivery times, for example by

 

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expanding our Jumia Express offer, increasing the number and improving the quality of our logistics partners and growing the number of pick up stations for consumers and drop-off locations for sellers. We believe that these strategies will increase convenience and ease of use of our marketplace and drive consumer loyalty. As we continue to scale the number of packages processed through Jumia Logistics, we expect to benefit from increased economies of scale, which will enable us to reduce the delivery fees that we currently pass on to consumers and sellers.

Increase the consumer adoption of JumiaPay . We plan to increase consumer adoption of JumiaPay by increasing the frequency of usage, making it available in more markets and leveraging the high level of trust that our consumers have for Jumia. We believe that the continuing increase in the use of JumiaPay will have a positive impact on the frequency of purchases of goods and online services on our marketplace, contribute to the increase of successfully fulfilled orders and further drive consumer satisfaction. We also aim to use JumiaPay as the cornerstone of a wider financial services platform that will be capable of providing consumers with a wide variety of investment, financing and insurance options from third-party financial institutions by 2020. We expect to begin to monetize JumiaPay and its contribution to the overall growth of our business by allowing other companies, particularly those located outside Africa, to use it as a unified payments service rather than integrating and managing all local payment methods.

Build for the long term . Our current focus is on maintaining a leading position across existing product categories, services and markets while continuing to scale our business in order to improve our margins and reach profitability. However, we believe that attractive opportunities exist beyond our current areas of operations, such as expansion to new product categories, services and adjacent geographies, in some of which we have already started building our brand through expense-light classifieds portals that may provide us with additional avenues of growth in the future.

Our Geographic Footprint

We believe that we are the only e-commerce business successfully operating across multiple regions in Africa. We currently operate our e-commerce platform in six African regions:

 

   

Nigeria;

 

   

Egypt;

 

   

West Africa, which includes Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Senegal;

 

   

North Africa, which includes Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia;

 

   

East Africa, which includes Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda; and

 

   

South Africa.

 

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The following graphic shows Africa’s total population, GDP and number of internet users and the shares of our countries of operation:

 

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Our reach and capabilities position us as the preferred partner in Africa for sellers, from individuals to large global brands, and as the preferred shopping destination for consumers. Nigeria is currently our most important region of operations. Nigeria represented 28.6% of our GMV in 2018. Egypt and West Africa contributed 20.5% and 18.9% to our GMV in 2018, respectively.

While our offerings in these regions are largely similar, we adapt our operations to local demand and market characteristics since competition, logistics and payment landscapes as well as seller and consumer preferences vary from region to region. We operate under the brand “Jumia” in most of our markets, except for South Africa, where we operate under the brand “Zando.”

Our Platform

We believe that our integrated platform, consisting of Jumia Marketplace, Jumia Logistics and JumiaPay, helps sellers and consumers to easily connect and transact with each other.

We have developed our platform based on a centralized approach that allows for strong localized execution. We operate on the basis of standardized principles, software and processes, in particular with respect to our strategy, brand, overall marketing strategy and our technology platform. This allows us to realize synergies and increase efficiency for elements that are best handled centrally as well as to share our knowledge and best practices gained with our local teams in the markets in which we operate.

Jumia Marketplace

Our marketplace allows consumers to discover, research and buy goods and services and allows sellers to establish their own online presence and efficiently manage their online operations. Our sellers are comprised of

 

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key accounts, local sellers and international sellers. Key accounts are typically local official distributors of one or several international or large local brands, local large manufacturers or assemblers of goods or medium to large local retailers. In 2018, approximately 1% to 4% of the sellers on our platform were key accounts. Local sellers are usually professional traders, shop owners or small manufacturers or individuals, which accounted for the vast majority of our sellers in 2018. A small percentage of our sellers are international sellers based outside of Africa. These sellers are generally experienced in conducting cross-border business and are familiar with the processes of e-commerce.

On our marketplace, sellers offer goods from a wide range of categories, such as fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living items, fast-moving consumer goods, beauty and perfumes and other electronic items. We also offer consumers easy access to a number of services, such as restaurant food delivery, hotel and flight booking, classified advertisements, airtime recharge and instant delivery services.

The following chart shows the share of items sold by category in 2018:

 

 

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(1)

Services includes online services, food delivery, hotel and flight booking and other services.

(2)

FMCG denotes fast-moving consumer goods, which are also referred to as consumer packaged goods. This category includes, for example, non-durable goods such as packaged foods, toiletries, over-the-counter drugs and other consumables.

In 2018, we had over 760 million visits, making our marketplace a starting point for many consumers to discover, research and buy goods and services.

Goods

We believe that our marketplace has the most extensive and relevant online collection of goods in Africa. Almost all goods listed on our marketplace are offered by third-party sellers and consist of new merchandise. However, we also act as a seller ourselves by offering goods in selected categories where we see unmet demand or the need to better control the consumer experience. In 2018, approximately 90% of the items sold on our marketplace were offered by third-party sellers (i.e., third-party sales), while the remaining 10% of items were sold directly by us (i.e., first-party sales). While the vast majority of our sellers are located in the country in which the relevant transaction takes place, we allow sellers from selected non-African countries such as China to list their goods on our marketplace, providing them with easy access to African markets and valuable data and insights concerning commerce in Africa. Such sellers often offer goods that are not readily available in Africa or have better prices, which improves our attractiveness to African consumers.

 

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We drive consumer engagement by focusing on a product selection along three dimensions: anchor brands (e.g., iconic, sought after brands), bestsellers (e.g., fastest moving goods in the market) and “long-tail” goods (e.g., wide selection of goods not often sought, but that address specific consumer needs). We believe that our offering appeals to consumers, who value ease-of-use, a large product selection and competitive prices.

Most of our sellers are required, either by local regulations or by our operating standards, to allow consumers to return goods within a certain number of days, providing our consumers with the certainty that they will only keep those goods they actually want to keep. The ability to easily return undesired goods is a fundamental pillar of our value proposition to consumers, and we believe that it helps us to increase consumer trust and loyalty.

We seek to minimize returns and the costs associated with our return policy, in particular by improving the presentation of goods and the information available on goods on our marketplace, offering consumer service through our hotline and other messaging services, seller education and maintaining and improving our strict quality control. Based on our experience, the vast majority of goods returned to us have not been opened or used and may be resold through the original channel at full price.

Services

In addition to goods, we offer consumers a number of services through our platform, allowing third parties to access our large consumer base. When we introduce a new service offering, we typically launch the offering in a specific city or country and then expand its geographic reach over time.

Food delivery : Since 2012, we have enabled food ordering and delivery in most of our markets. We provide restaurants with a sophisticated instant delivery network and data-driven insights. For our consumers, we provide access to a large range of local and international restaurants and dishes, from international chains to local restaurants. We have developed an easy-to-use and attractive interface, seamless one-tap payments, and a proprietary geo-location mapping and rider tracking functionality, which has made delivery quick, transparent and convenient for consumers. Around 91% of restaurants we partner with, as of December 2018, prefer to use our logistics service to deliver food, benefitting from advanced tools, significant scale, and rider training to achieve a high level of consumer experience and cost efficiency. Today, we have partnerships with most of the local popular restaurants, including international chains.

Instant delivery services : Leveraging our logistics infrastructure and a growing demand from our consumers for “on demand instant delivery,” we recently launched a number of instant delivery services such as groceries, alcoholic beverages and a range of other convenience goods. We operate these services using identical tools to our food delivery service and provide third-party sellers with opportunities to connect and transact with consumers. We currently offer our instant delivery services in six countries, and we intend to expand our instant delivery service to all countries in which we offer food delivery.

Hotel and flight booking : Since 2014 we have operated a travel-focused service marketplace, which provides consumers with access to hotel and flight booking services across the markets in which we operate. We have formal partnerships with more than 20,000 hotels as of August 2018, from local guesthouses to international chains. Air ticket providers and travel agents use our proprietary flights platform to reach new consumers and expand their businesses. Through our deep partnerships with travel partners, we are able to offer consumers a very relevant selection of options and attractive prices.

eWallet services : Our payment service, JumiaPay, allows consumers to create their own “eWallet,” enabling them to access a number of payment and transactional services, such as payments of television and cable subscriptions, electricity, internet, water, or donations. Consumers benefit by saving time and being able to securely process payments for a number of daily needs. We started offering our eWallet services in Nigeria in 2016 and Egypt in 2018.

 

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Airtime recharge : Consumers can easily top up credits for their prepaid phones and other mobile devices from most major mobile service providers using their eWallets. We established our airtime recharge service in Nigeria in 2017 and in Egypt in 2018.

Classifieds : Our classified portals allow consumers to look for jobs, real estate, vehicles and other items to buy. Sellers include recruiters, real estate professionals, car dealers, individuals who sell used goods and a large number of small businesses that prefer to have direct on-site interaction with buyers, which facilitates price negotiation and cash payment, over online sales. Our classifieds portals are online in over 40 African countries as of December 2018. We do not seek to monetize this service, but rather generate strong engagement from users. As we consider our classifieds portals as ancillary to our core business, we adjust the countries of operation from time to time. For example, in March 2019, we agreed to sell our classifieds portals in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia for a cash consideration of €0.2 million.

Jumia Logistics

The logistics landscape in Africa is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation, often with no clear leading player in a particular country or region, a high degree of variability between regions and players, a general lack of automation of logistic centers and an overall challenging infrastructure. While some of Africa’s major cities are reasonably well-served by third-party logistics vendors, such vendors often do not operate with the standards required to ensure a good seller and consumer experience in the context of e-commerce. In addition, many Africans live in rural settings which lack clear addresses and are often far from the nearest warehouse or distribution center. As a result, logistics and delivery services are not readily available in such areas or may be prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, many local logistics companies operate without the technology required to provide consumers with high quality service (e.g., tracking of their order, timely delivery). Finally, logistics companies may struggle to gain access to financing, making it difficult for them to expand and grow their businesses.

 

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We have built an innovative logistics and delivery infrastructure that we believe is the leading e-commerce fulfillment and express delivery service in Africa. Our technology and data allow us to integrate our service providers, our own logistics management solutions and our partner network solutions. We support local entrepreneurs to help them enter into and succeed in the logistics industry by offering them relevant know-how, data, technology and tools. We have also developed a number of processes to benchmark the performance of service providers and to promote healthy competition between such service providers. Our logistics and delivery infrastructure positions us to effect deliveries not just to primary cities, but also to rural areas. In Jumia’s five largest markets (Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco and Ivory Coast), about half of the packages were delivered to primary cities, with the remaining half being split roughly equally between secondary cities and rural areas in 2018. The following provides an overview of our logistics operations:

 

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Source: Company information as of the fourth quarter of 2018

Jumia Logistics covers all stages of the fulfillment chain, including warehousing, inbound deliveries, picking and packing, last-mile and payment, tracking and return handling. Our warehouse infrastructure is based on a standardized model and software technology, operated and executed on a local level, and specifically tailored to e-commerce needs. It is designed to increase mid-mile efficiency and reduce lead times in fulfillment processes. As of December 31, 2018, Jumia Logistics consisted of more than 100 logistic partners, which fulfilled 90% of all deliveries in 2018, a proprietary delivery fleet to fulfill express deliveries in select areas, a large network of warehouses, more than 380 pick-up stations (for consumers) and a large number of drop-off locations (for sellers). All of our warehouse space is leased from third parties. We control the vast majority of inbound deliveries, whether they are made by sellers at our drop-off stations, picked-up from seller facilities, or picked and packed orders for sellers who use our storage service. Our tracking solution provides full visibility over the package journey. As part of our full-service fulfillment and express delivery infrastructure, we also control the collection and processing of returned merchandise for our sellers. For international sellers, we provide additional support concerning the import/export process.

Through our Jumia Express program, we seek to provide our consumers and sellers with a superior experience. Goods offered under our Jumia Express program are stored in our warehouses. Storage in our

 

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warehouses allows us to effect faster delivery as the fulfillment process is exclusively handled by us and our third-party logistics providers, without any involvement from the sellers. We control the packaging quality and seek to ensure that all products listed under the Jumia Express label are actually in storage and ready for shipping. Sellers benefit as they do not need to arrange for storage of goods they offer via our marketplace or become involved in the fulfillment of individual consumer orders. Finally, Jumia Express helps us improve our economics, as we charge sellers a premium for our services. In 2018, Jumia Express accounted for more than 30% of the items sold via our platform.

Our current logistics set-up is the result of significant investments we have made to scale our data and technology tools across the value chain, including investments in end-to-end process optimization and back-end fulfillment systems. We believe that our current fulfillment infrastructure positions us well for scaling, in particular due to our standardized model and software technology. When required, we are able to onboard new logistics partners thanks to our automated systems or expand our current warehouse set-up by adding floors. Furthermore, our business operations do not have special requirements that would be hard to meet, which facilitates the opening of additional warehouse facilities. Our current fulfillment set-up generally allows us to keep our operations asset-light, only requiring minimal capital expenditures with respect to our logistics service.

Jumia Logistics set-up has been designed with a view to opening up our logistics services for third-party needs. Currently, only Jumia marketplace sellers can use Jumia Logistics. In the future, we intend to offer logistics services to parties that do not transact over our marketplace.

JumiaPay

The African banking and payment landscape is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation of financial institutions and service providers, a general lack of infrastructure, low consumer trust and high perceived levels of fraud. Consumers are often wary of using bank accounts or other banking platforms, as they are afraid that their money may not reach the intended recipient.

To overcome these challenges, Africa has recently experienced a high degree of innovation in mobile payments and financial services, including so-called “eWallet” (electronic wallet) services, a technology that allows users to receive, store and spend money using a mobile phone. Depending on the relevant operator, users can store or link their bank account, debit card or credit card details on such operator’s app or also transfer money to such app. Once the money is deposited in their wallet, they can use it to pay bills or make purchases immediately. Against this backdrop, we have developed an advanced and sophisticated payment infrastructure, including our own eWallet, which integrates our payment and certain financial services relevant to our sellers and consumers.

We have recently entered into a private placement agreement with Mastercard Europe SA, pursuant to which Mastercard Europe SA will purchase from us in the Concurrent Private Placement €50.0 million of our ordinary shares. In connection with the Concurrent Private Placement, we entered into a commercial agreement with Mastercard Asia/Pacific, an affiliate of Mastercard Europe SA. This commercial agreement has a term of ten years and provides Mastercard Asia/Pacific with priority in delivering payment network based solutions and technologies related to our business. For more information, see “Concurrent Private Placement—Mastercard Europe SA.”

Consumer Payment and Financial Services

Our payment service, JumiaPay, enables sellers and consumers to transact using a diverse variety of payment methods for transactions conducted on marketplace. We launched JumiaPay in 2016 in Nigeria and in 2018 in Egypt and, more recently, in Ghana and Ivory Coast through agreements with locally licensed sponsoring banks. In these markets, we are integrating the most relevant payment methods and have built a one-stop payment service. Consumers have responded with a very rapid adoption of JumiaPay. In two of our largest

 

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markets, Nigeria and Egypt, 54% of orders placed on our platform were completed using JumiaPay in the fourth quarter of 2018.

To further drive consumer engagement and to benefit from the increasing share of mobile internet penetration, we have developed our “Jumia One” app, which allows consumers to buy and pay for both Jumia and third-party services (e.g., airtime recharge or utility payments) directly through the app. We designed our app to offer an easy and efficient mobile-only user experience, with innovative features to optimize consumer experience, drive higher conversion and encourage repeat transactions. To use the app, consumers need to create their own eWallet, through which they can link and access a large number of payment and transactional services with and through their respective accounts. Our app is currently available in two of our largest markets, Nigeria and Egypt.

Below is a visual presentation of various components of our Jumia One app:

 

 

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Source: Company information

As of the date of this prospectus, JumiaPay does not operate as a full-fledged eWallet, i.e., it does not provide the full functionality of an eWallet. The current version of our eWallet operates as a payment gateway that links the eWallet to JumiaPay and provides our consumers with cashback and top-ups, which are similar to vouchers and have the primary purpose of encouraging consumer loyalty. Funds cannot be withdrawn or transferred from the eWallet. Instead, they can only be used as credit toward subsequent purchases on our platform. Consumers using JumiaPay also receive the additional benefit that refunds are automatically deposited into their eWallet. Consumers are permitted to transfer refunded money back into their source account.

We have built our app to collect, store and use data, with the perspective to integrate financial services for consumers. Through our app, we are able to track consumer acquisition, purchase and payment behavior, and use this data to improve credit scoring of our consumers, cross- and up-sell our services and personalize the consumer experience.

We believe that the growth of JumiaPay has significantly benefited, and will continue to benefit, from our marketplace, which provides us access to a large potential user base. We intend to continue to add more payment options and enable consumers to access a number of other financial services provided by third-party financial

 

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institutions in the medium- to long-term, and we intend to integrate JumiaPay with other companies, particularly those located outside Africa, as well as other local start-ups, and allow our consumers to make payments to third parties through their accounts. The integration of further payment options and addition of financial services positions us to charge additional commissions.

Seller Payment and Financial Services

We have developed certain financial services through which our sellers have access to financing solutions offered by various credit partners (e.g., microcredit institutions, banks). Our financial services offering is designed to cater to the needs of our growing seller base as our sellers are often small businesses with limited to no access to financial institutions but who require financial assistance to grow and expand their businesses. Our financial services are currently available to sellers in Nigeria, Kenya, Ivory Coast and Egypt and we intend to offer such financing services in other markets in the medium-term. We believe that this new initiative is very relevant for our sellers, because it increases their engagement with Jumia and provides them with capital which in turn can help them to grow. It is also a potential additional revenue source for Jumia in the long-term as we may be able charge additional commissions to our sellers using our financial services.

Financial institutions often face challenges in providing financial services to individuals and/or small and mid-sized enterprises, in particular due to the lack of scoring data. Our unique proprietary data on our sellers enables us to further develop our own credit scoring engine and allows our partners to benefit from such data and to improve their scoring, distribution and collection of loans and to develop and establish other financial services. Currently, upon a seller’s request, we share such seller’s data with our partners, enabling them to score the relevant seller. If the scoring provides favorable results, our partners return a loan offer to such seller. Going forward, we intend to provide the scoring data in anonymized form to potential lenders and display the pre-approved offers directly on the Jumia seller platform. Our scoring data would help to significantly increase the speed with which a seller may obtain a loan. This is also highly attractive to potential lenders, as we provide them access to our seller base, which significantly facilitates their distribution efforts. At the same time, we lower collection risk for our lending partners, as our partners are able to collect repayments directly from seller accounts.

We intend to offer more opportunities to our sellers, who include a large number of relevant high-traffic sellers such as hotels, restaurants, car dealers, real estate dealers and small and large retailers. These sellers are already using our payment service to process the transactions they conduct on our marketplace. We plan to offer these sellers additional opportunities such as the possibility to act as a physical over-the-counter agency or accept payments from retail consumers through our payment service. In return, these sellers will be able to sell goods and online services available on our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites (e.g., goods from our marketplace or airtime recharge). In the short- to medium-term, we aim for our sellers to act as a “reverse ATM” by allowing consumers to pay cash to top up their accounts on the Jumia eWallet, thereby providing important avenues for our payment service to reach the large unbanked populations in Africa.

Marketing

We have a coordinated approach to market our offering to sellers and consumers across our geographic footprint.

Seller Recruitment and Engagement

The vast majority of our sellers join our marketplace through a dedicated online portal where they can easily input information to create their seller page, or store, on our marketplace. We use a variety of channels to advertise the opportunity for sellers to open a store, including through online advertising and attending conferences and trade shows where traders and local manufacturers gather. Our objective is to make it easy for sellers to create an online store, while ensuring the quality and the professionalism of the sellers to execute the required operational activities to conduct their online businesses.

 

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To develop and further drive seller engagement following a seller’s successful registration on our platform, we have developed a number of tools that allow our sellers to benefit from our self-managed and scalable platform. For example, to build their online reputation and brand image, sellers can refer to a “seller score,” which is a data-driven scoring of the seller’s performance. Our advantage scheme, which is a program designed to drive seller engagement, also creates an extra incentive for our sellers to increase both topline and operational performance through rewards. Based on certain performance indicators, such as tenure, seller score, revenue and number of items sold per month, we give our sellers a certain rating, which allows such sellers to gain more visibility as we integrate this criteria in the algorithm that sorts visible goods. Furthermore, we have implemented a fully automated operational performance system designed to drive our sellers’ operational performance and improve consumer experience. Based on seller performance, we set certain limits on order volumes and implement financial penalties in case of cancellations, product quality or return issues. We also send a scorecard to our sellers each week, providing our sellers with simple and relevant data and tools to improve their business operations. Finally, our sellers can benefit from our commercial plan tool, which allows them to participate in and manage certain promotional and commercial events, such as Jumia Anniversary, through their sellers’ interface to drive their businesses.

Consumer Education and Engagement

We have built a brand that is well known by consumers and among the most recognizable in our regions of operation. Through our consumer education and engagement efforts, we continuously work on turning our strong brand into relevant traffic.

During February 2019, we commissioned aided brand awareness studies in four of our largest markets (Nigeria, Morocco, Ivory Coast and Kenya). We aggregated the results from these surveys. The surveys covered 4,784 consumers and included an approximately equal number of “online shoppers,” (i.e., persons who made an online purchase during the last 12 months prior to the date of the survey), and “non-online shoppers,” (i.e., persons who did not make an online purchase during the last 12 months prior to the date of the survey). We believe that the consumers surveyed are representative of our core consumer target segment in terms of gender, location and revenue bracket. The graphic below illustrates some of the key results of these studies on average:

LOGO

Sources: Sagaci Research Jumia brand surveys, February 2019

Notes:

1.         % of online shoppers who know Jumia and bought on Jumia within the last 12 months prior to the survey date

2.         % of online shoppers who bought on Jumia within the last 12 months prior to the survey date

 

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Other key results of these surveys include:

 

   

81% of the respondents know Jumia, based on aided awareness questions. Aided awareness reached 89% for “online shoppers” and 74% for “non-online shoppers.”

 

   

62% of “non-online shoppers” who know Jumia would consider trying out Jumia in the next 6-12 months.

 

   

The three main reasons for not buying online for the “non-online shoppers” are that (i) they do not know how to shop online, (ii) they think online products are not genuine and (iii) they cannot verify the quality of online products.

We believe that educating consumers about the options offered by our platform will translate into relevant traffic to our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites.

With a view to increasing e-commerce adoption and growing consumer engagement, we leverage both performance channels (i.e., marketing channels where we only pay based on measurable results) and non-performance channels in our marketing activities. Some of our performance marketing channels include:

 

   

Search engine optimization / app store optimization : By analyzing the relevance of key search terms and ensuring that our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites are designed to best utilize such relevant terms, we constantly work to improve our design to ensure that our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites are ranked high in organic searches and the maximum relevant traffic is directed to them.

 

   

Search engine marketing : We further selectively rely on search engine marketing that involves the promotion of our websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages, primarily through paid advertising.

 

   

Paid social media : In our use of social media channels, we rely primarily on Facebook, where as of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 20.2 million followers. We also use other social media platforms such as Instagram. Social media channels help us improve our brand recognition and generate additional word-of-mouth referrals and thereby new consumers.

 

   

Affiliation marketing : We have developed our own tools, for example a dynamic top selling goods banner tool that changes what is displayed on an affiliate’s site depending on what we want to promote. We are currently developing further tools such as search tools and a leaderboard with affiliate ranking.

 

   

Consumer relationship management : Our consumer relationship activities (CRM) serve as a free engine for re-engagement of our visitors and consumers through all type of notifications (e.g., app notifications, web notifications, SMS, emails).

 

   

Vouchers : We create specific incentives to encourage consumers to try Jumia for the first time, or to re-engage with consumers who have not been active for a certain period, or to drive certain specific volume to certain categories.

 

   

Offline marketing : In certain markets in which we operate, we have launched our sales program JForce, which consists of independent sales consultants that earn commissions by selling the goods and services that we offer on our platform to their personal or professional networks. The profile of our consultants is very diverse, comprising students, young professionals, and moms as well as small shops and retailers. We are also testing a limited number of “physical stores” to allow consumers to directly interact with Jumia in person.

While our marketing efforts primarily focus on performance marketing channels, we also rely on non-performance channels, including the following:

 

   

Social media influencers : To strategically increase our overall reach and enhance brand perception, we also selectively work with influencers (e.g., local celebrities, key opinion leaders, niche publishers and content creators) across a large number of social media channels as well as YouTube.

 

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YouTube : We further leverage our YouTube channel to run video campaigns to maximize our coverage, especially during our promotional events. By using videos as a separate marketing channel, we are able to achieve quantifiable impact over our organic channels, while also using video as a market research tool.

 

   

Offline marketing : We invest in offline marketing and mass media in order to build awareness of our brand and increase traffic to our platform. For example, we run various TV and radio campaigns and also use billboards to further build trust and awareness. These channels further helped us to address another category of consumers which we could not reach through online marketing. In addition, our on-ground presence through agencies and street activation teams contributes to our offline marketing presence.

As part of our general marketing strategy, we create promotional events that are relevant to consumers. Large campaigns are typically executed simultaneously in all our major markets. However, start dates may vary by a few days due to local holidays. For other campaigns, more flexibility exists as to the dates and the commercial intensity of the campaign.

To enhance the return on our marketing investment, we follow a data-driven approach and leverage the large amount of data collected through our operations. We utilize our data-driven analytics capabilities to link marketing investments with respect to individual marketing channels and events in our various target markets to the relevant benefits we derive from them (i.e., visits to our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites as well as subsequent orders from the respective consumers) when allocating our marketing budget.

Our Support

Our Seller Support

We have developed strong seller support processes to help our sellers manage their operations, further grow their businesses and deepen their level of engagement with us. We take the seller experience beyond the traditional “business only” approach by thinking of, and treating, our sellers as a community. Benefiting from our locally deployed teams with deep knowledge of regional market characteristics, we offer our sellers fast and localized operational and technological assistance. For example, our seller support teams provide sellers with personalized assistance and answer questions relating to operations, category management, inventory management and pricing. In addition, we create dedicated online forums such as our “Vendor Hub” and our “Online University” through which new sellers can ask questions and obtain answers from other sellers.

Our Consumer Support

In line with our focus on providing a superior consumer experience, we consider consumer support to be a key element of our operations. Our dedicated and locally deployed consumer service teams focus on serving consumers on our marketplace through telephone hotlines, real-time instant messaging and other online inquiry systems. To provide such services, we operate a consumer service center in each of our markets. In order to ensure a consistent and high quality of consumer service, all of our consumer service centers operate based on standardized principles, software and processes. By focusing on the high quality of our consumer service, we seek to ensure that only a comparably small number of consumer complaints result in returns. We believe that the success of our consumer service operations is evidenced by generally high satisfaction among our consumers.

Technology and Data

We consider ourselves to be a technology company and believe that we have the most advanced and sophisticated e-commerce platform in the markets in which we operate. Our platform is operated by more than

 

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200 highly qualified technology experts, providing us with significant innovative potential as we continually seek to expand and optimize our technology infrastructure. Our technology experts are predominantly located in our global technology center in Porto, Portugal. Portugal is well located to serve Africa in terms of time zones and travel options, is part of the Schengen area, which allows us to recruit talent on a European level, and provides a favorable cost of living environment.

Technology and Data Platform

We have created a custom- and purpose-built modular technology and data platform that is highly adapted to our markets and highly scalable. Our technology and data platform covers all steps along the value chain, from seller recruitment and support to consumer acquisition and engagement, traffic optimization, payments, logistics, infrastructure and business intelligence and is built with a service-oriented architecture approach for every component. The following graphic demonstrates the powerful network effects generated by the interactions of our sellers and consumers with our platform:

 

LOGO

To meet consumers’ expectations, we have developed our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites, which are programmed and updated in-house as a resilient storefront for our product offering, focusing on reducing downtime while providing a state-of-the-art consumer experience. Backup servers help us ensure the stability and reliability of our technology backbone. In our technology operations, we rely on a hybrid infrastructure, based on the cloud computing platform provided by third parties, and a private hosting provider for back-office systems for which services we pay licensing fees. Cloud computing helps us to efficiently store data and maintain and speed up the availability of our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites. The stability and reliability of our technology backbone is evidenced by the fact that our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites were available 99.9% of the time in December 2018.

While we offer a variety of different interfaces (e.g., through our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites), our platform is based on our central authentication system, allowing our consumers to access all our services and platform with one account and password.

 

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As mobile traffic accounted for 81% of our overall platform traffic in the fourth quarter of 2018, our front-end development focuses primarily on features that improve user experience on mobile devices. We specifically optimize our mobile applications for size, in order to make them easier for consumers to download or to upgrade. We also invest significant resources in optimizing the speed of our mobile applications in order to help consumers save time while browsing our mobile applications.

We analyze seller and consumer behavior, and we tailor the design and the content of our mobile applications, mobile-optimized websites and traditional websites to ensure that they stay relevant to consumers. We prioritize all new developments and new features based on local insights that we are able to gather with our local teams.

We make significant investments in our innovation and research and development activities. For example, we currently focus on machine learning and artificial intelligence (e.g., search algorithm, return rate prediction, enhanced marketing targeting), hybrid infrastructures and operation system virtualization (e.g., enhanced elasticity and resilience of infrastructure, cost optimization and waste reduction) as well as micro-services and server-less architecture (e.g., enhanced agility and speed of development). Those investments typically contribute to increased user experience of our platforms and higher conversion rates.

Payment Services Technology

JumiaPay integrates relevant local and international payment methods to facilitate payments. This is done either with a direct integration, if the expected transaction volume warrants the effort, or by using aggregators. We generally aim to present a unified experience to our users, irrespective of the payment method used, and process payment information in a secure environment based on the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). At the same time, we offer a unified application programming interface (API) across all payment methods.

We have developed our fraud scoring and risk monitoring processes using what we believe to be industry-leading software that utilizes algorithms that analyze different criteria. Every major user case (purchase or login) is covered by real-time scoring, where over 300 factors are considered. Device fingerprinting is used to track account takeovers and money laundering. Our in-house fraud team employs a combination of machine learning and rule sets to find an appropriate balance between acceptable risk and a high acceptance rate. New rules can be tested against historic data to measure the impact before deploying to the production system. Real-time monitoring allows for detection of coordinated attacks. Our focus on disciplined fraud risk management through our scoring algorithms has allowed us to further reduce the share of bad debts and credit card chargebacks, while at the same time accelerating our growth. In addition, we implemented across all our markets a new cash reconciliation system in June 2018, which verifies on a daily basis the payment status for all goods sold on our marketplace. We also intend to implement our cash reconciliation system for our food and travel services. The purpose of this system is to more closely monitor receivables in order to prevent and detect fraudulent activity.

Security

When expanding and operating our technology platform, we constantly focus on security and reliability. To this end, we undertake administrative and technical measures to protect our systems and the consumer data that those systems process and store (e.g., cloud storage, data encryption, VPN network). We have developed policies and procedures designed to manage data security risks (e.g., disaster recovery systems, penetration and security testing) and implemented various security measures, including password security, firewalls, automated backup systems and high-quality antivirus software. We also store proprietary information and business secrets, and we employ third-party service providers that store, process and transmit such information on our behalf, in particular payment details. We also rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to securely transmit sensitive and confidential information. We take steps such as the use of password policies and firewalls to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of sensitive and confidential information that we and our third-party service providers store, process and transmit.

 

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Competition

The African retail landscape is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation, which often exhibits no clear leading player in the markets in which we operate. On a regional or country level, we face competition from both offline and online companies across our broad offering. The vast majority of consumer expenditures is, however, still taking place offline.

Our offline competitors vary from market to market but typically include traditional brick-and-mortar retailers such as local or regional retails chains and informal, local stores. Our main online competitors include Souq.com in Egypt (a company affiliated with Amazon), Takealot and Superbalist (all part of the Naspers group) in South Africa, and Konga in Nigeria. Several global websites, such as Amazon, Asos, or AliExpress (part of Alibaba group), also offer shipping services to certain African countries for a selection of products. With respect to JumiaPay, we face competition from, among others, Safaricom’s MPesa, MTN Mobile Money and Orange Money.

Employees and Culture

As of December 31, 2018, we employed a total of 5,128 full-time equivalent (FTE) employees. Our employees are based in 20 offices in 18 countries, and 32.8% of our employees were female and 67.2% were male as of December 31, 2018.

The following table provides a breakdown of our employees by geography:

 

     As of
December 31, 2018
 

Nigeria

     1,213  

Egypt

     572  

West Africa

     1,460  

North Africa

     639  

East Africa

     686  

South Africa

     183  

Others

     375  
  

 

 

 

Total

     5,128  
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2018, approximately 43.3% of our workforce consisted of marketplace operations and management employees, followed by logistics employees at 38.5% and consumer service employees at 10.8%.

The following table provides a breakdown of our employees by category:

 

     As of
December 31, 2018
 

Marketplace operations and management

     2,221  

Logistics

     1,975  

Other (1)

     932  
  

 

 

 

Total

     5,128  
  

 

 

 

 

(1)

Includes 555 consumer service employees.

 

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Our corporate culture is anchored in our entrepreneurial and collegial roots, and our employees are deeply committed to our success, as demonstrated by the following graphic:

 

LOGO

Source: Company information, Internal HR Survey of Jumia employees as of 2018

We seek to promote the following core values to drive the action of our employees every day:

 

   

We are a group of leaders committed to winning the digital landscape in Africa.

 

   

We achieve impact by thinking faster and executing better than any other business.

 

   

We grow people who build businesses.

We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or any difficulty in recruiting staff for our operations. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement or labor union, other than standard and non-binding personnel representations.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property, including copyrights and trademarks, is important to our business. We have registered trademarks in most relevant jurisdictions for “Jumia” and for “Zando” in South Africa. Our intellectual property portfolio includes numerous domain names for websites that we use in our business.

We control access to, use and distribution of our intellectual property through confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties and our employment and contractor agreements. We rely on contractual provisions with our partners to protect our proprietary technology, brands and creative assets. We constantly monitor our trademarks in order to maintain and protect our intellectual property portfolio, including by pursuing any infringements by third parties.

Insurance Coverage

We have taken out a number of group insurance policies that are customary in our industry, such as property and loss of earnings insurance, business liability insurance, including insurance for product liability, transport

 

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insurance and environmental liability insurance. We believe that our insurance policies contain market-standard exclusions and deductibles. We regularly review the adequacy of our insurance coverage and consider the scope of our insurance coverage to be customary in our industry.

Facilities

Our headquarters are located at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany. We have leased this property for a term of three years, which expires in 2019.

As of the date of this prospectus, we do not own any real estate property. The following table provides an overview of our material leased real estate property:

 

Location

   Approximate size
of effective area
     Primary use
     (in square meters)       

Plot 4, Block A, Surulere Industrial road, Ogba Scheme, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

     9,566      Warehouse

85 industrial zone, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

     4,895      Warehouse

Km13, Douar Lahfafra, Nouaceur, Casablanca

     2,118      Warehouse

Godown Space, 202489, Mombasa Road, Nairobi, Kenya

     3,277      Warehouse

Zone Industrielle Koumassi, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

     1,000      Warehouse

Unit 6, 7, 8, West Building North Precinct, Topaz Boulevard Montagu Park, Cape Town, South Africa

     3,045      Warehouse

Rua Ricardo Severo, No. 3 1st Floor, 4050-515 Porto, Portugal

     2,000      Office

Office No. 1702, Plot No. 296, One by Omniyat Tower, Business Bay, Dubai UAE

     298      Office

Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany

     120      Office

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations. We are currently not a party to any material legal proceedings (including any such proceedings that are pending or threatened of which we are aware).

 

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REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

Our business is subject to numerous regulations and requirements under the applicable national laws of the various African countries in which we operate. These countries do not follow any uniform legal and regulatory framework. Many of these countries are characterized by inadequate and uncertain legal systems and regulatory regimes. Consequently, their laws and regulations are continuously evolving and are occasionally in conflict with one another. Below we summarize a non-exhaustive list of significant regulations or requirements in the jurisdictions where we conduct our material business operations.

Data Protection

Data protection laws regulate the collection, storage, transfer, disclosure and other use of personal data. Personal data, especially in electronic form, is typically governed by the law of the country in which it was collected and stored. African countries do not follow a unified approach to data protection laws. Some countries have enacted comprehensive personal data protection laws while others have enacted no such laws. Among the African countries in which we operate, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Senegal, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa and Tunisia have established comprehensive data protection and data privacy laws; all other countries in which we operate do not have data protection and privacy laws.

In Nigeria, the National Information Technology Development Agency passed new data protection guidelines in 2017, and we are in the process of implementing new policies to comply with these new regulations. Data protection in Morocco is regulated by the National Commission for the Protection of Personal Information, which constantly monitors all e-commerce websites for data and information security issues and notifies companies when they are not in compliance. Data protection in Ivory Coast is regulated by the Autorité de Régulation des Telecommunications de Côte d’Ivoire (“ARTCI”), and several of our managers with extensive access to consumer data recently completed mandatory consumer data protection training with the ARTCI in order to ensure our compliance with the law. In South Africa, the Protection of Personal Information Act regulates the lawful processing and protection of consumer’s personal data and greatly impacts direct marketing to consumers. Egypt is in the process of developing data protection laws.

In June, 2014 the African Union (“AU”) adopted the AU Convention on Cybersecurity and Data Protection (the “AU Convention”) to provide a data protection framework which African countries can either ratify or use to adopt their own national legislation. However, this convention is not in effect because it has not yet been ratified by 15 out of the 54 AU jurisdictions. Like the recently-replaced EU Data Protection Directive, the AU Convention does not have any legal force until it is adopted into a country’s domestic legislation. Among the African jurisdictions that have enacted comprehensive data protection legislation, the legislation generally covers issues of notice, consumer consent, data security, transfer of data across borders, data retention requirements, data breach notification requirements and registration with a data protection authority.

Compliance with the various data protection laws in Africa is challenging due to the complex and sometimes contradictory nature of the different regulatory regimes. Because data protection regulations are not uniform among the various African nations in which we operate, our ability to transmit consumer information across borders is limited by our ability to comply with conditions and restrictions that vary from country to country. In countries with particularly strict data protection laws, we might not be able to transmit data out of the country at all. For example, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Senegal, Morocco, and Tunisia all restrict data transfer across borders. Ghana also requires that a company notify consumers in the event of a personal data breach. Egypt currently has no data protection and privacy laws. However, the Egyptian government announced in 2017 that it is committed to doubling the size of its e-commerce sector by 2020, and intends to update all legislation and regulation relevant to e-commerce.

Consumer Protection

We are subject to several laws and regulations designed to protect consumer rights. For example, in South Africa, the Consumer Protection Act regulates consumer rights and supplier responsibilities, which extend to

 

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e-commerce transactions. More generally, these consumer protection laws typically set out basic consumer rights, which often include the right to obtain clear and accurate information about products and services offered on the consumer market, and the right to obtain clear and accurate terms and conditions of the sale of goods. Moreover, many of the governments in the countries in which we currently operate have the power in certain circumstances, by regulation or other government action, to interfere with the performance of contracts or to terminate them or declare them null and void. By contrast, the consumer protection law in other countries in which we operate is not yet developed. Of the fourteen African countries in which we operate, ten have consumer protection legislation in place, while the other four have consumer protection legislation in the drafting stage. Furthermore, many of the countries with existing consumer protection legislation enacted such legislation only recently. For example, a new consumer protection and product safety code was implemented in Ivory Coast in 2017, requiring us to adapt our terms and conditions and make several changes to our return policy, including granting clients the right to free returns up to ten days after delivery, whereas consumer protection laws in Egypt require that we allow free returns up to fourteen days after delivery, and our standard policy allows for free returns up to seven days in all other countries in which we operate.

Product Safety

South Africa is the only jurisdiction in which we operate with a well-established legal or regulatory framework concerning product safety and liability. Other jurisdictions have more limited product safety regulations. These various legal and regulatory frameworks make it difficult for us to establish uniform product safety procedures across all of our markets. Additionally, many of the goods sold on our marketplace are offered and delivered by third parties, which makes it difficult for us to predict our liability exposure or establish standard procedures for product safety. Nevertheless, we take a proactive approach to quality control and product safety in all of our markets, with specific quality checks in place based upon the sensitivity of goods and services offered in various markets. We limit liability exposure across markets through standard contractual terms that require all sellers on our marketplace to accept full responsibility for any loss or damage caused by their products and indemnify us accordingly. We also delist sellers who offer prohibited products. Furthermore, we implement country-specific product safety, quality control, and liability-limiting procedures as necessary.

Payment Services

Africa is characterized generally by the lack of an advanced financial infrastructure, and the percentage of Africans with a bank account, although increasing rapidly, remains relatively low. Accordingly, most of our transactions are completed using a cash on delivery system. Integrated payment and delivery systems are relatively new in Africa, and regulation of such services is constantly evolving.

We offer certain payment and financial services to our consumers and sellers across the various African markets in which we operate. In a number of jurisdictions we offer services as a payment service provider (“PSP”). While we do not hold licenses to operate as a direct PSP, we are permitted to offer JumiaPay services in certain markets (for example, Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, and Ivory Coast) through agreements we have with existing licensed banks or PSPs to sponsor our JumiaPay services. We do not currently have plans to apply for a PSP license in Egypt because Egypt permits PSP activity only in connection with a licensed sponsoring bank. By contrast, we have applied for the necessary licenses that will allow us to operate as an independent PSP in Nigeria. Additionally, we will gradually apply with the relevant authorities in other countries to receive full PSP granting authorization to independently process payments for third parties, where permissible. We cannot guarantee that such licenses will be granted or, where granted, that they will be retained.

We are currently not offering the full functionality of a full-fledged “eWallet” services in any of our markets. We are offering our Jumia-specific eWallet services in Nigeria and Egypt through agreements with existing licensed sponsoring banks: the eWallet links to JumiaPay and provides our consumers with cashback and top-ups, which are similar to vouchers and have the primary purpose of encouraging consumer loyalty.

 

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Funds cannot be withdrawn or transferred from the eWallet (except in cases of consumer refunds). Instead, they can only be used as credit toward subsequent purchases on our platform. Consumers using JumiaPay also receive the additional benefit that refunds are automatically deposited into their eWallet. Consumers are permitted to transfer refunded money back into their source account. If we were to begin operating JumiaPay as a full-fledged eWallet, we would be required to comply with the relevant local regulations, which generally require that all e-money is secured by a one-to-one exchange of funds held in an escrow account at the sponsoring bank.

As with PSP licenses, Egypt also does not offer independent eWallet licenses to e-commerce companies like us. By contrast, we have applied for the necessary license in Nigeria and are preparing our licensing application for Kenya. In the future, we intend to apply for the licenses necessary to independently operate our eWallet services in additional countries. If we obtain additional licenses, we will be subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the relevant countries. For example, in Morocco, we would be required by the Central Bank to maintain approximately €1 million in core capital. In Ivory Coast, we would face a minimum capital requirement of €450 thousand. We intend to apply for the necessary licenses in other countries based on the growth and adoption of our eWallet services, in which case we may also face corresponding regulatory capital requirements. We would also need to comply with relevant e-money regulations as explained above.

We currently operate as a direct lender only in Kenya, where current contract law allows us to do so without any specialized license. We have the necessary license to operate as a direct lender in the city of Lagos, Nigeria, but do not currently offer direct lending services there. We currently do not intend to offer direct loans in any other markets. Instead, our marketplace enables licensed third-party lenders to offer loans to our consumers or sellers in other jurisdictions such as Egypt and Ivory Coast. Because we only operate as an intermediary in the lending market in these countries, our partners are responsible for the underwriting and credit scoring process. We are closely monitoring any change in various regulations that would require us to obtain a license in order to continue operating our lending marketplace.

Other financial regulations and payment standards in Africa vary greatly from country to country. Certain jurisdictions have enacted legislation to prevent money laundering, fraud and terrorist financing. For example, in 2001, the Egyptian Government established the Information Technology Industry Development Authority and tasked it with regulating online transactions and other aspects of the information technology industry. Other jurisdictions require that we obtain licenses to offer certain of our payment solutions and lending services. For example, the Bank of Ghana recently issued regulatory revisions and guidelines for electronic money issuers. In the near future, the bank plans to require electronic money issuers join a central registry, and is lobbying the legislature for passage of the Payment Systems and Services Bill which would allow the bank to regulate an estimated 150,000 active mobile-money agents and enforce anti-money-laundering and data protection standards. Internet activity in Ghana is currently regulated by the National Communications Authority (“NCA”). The NCA enforces the Electronic Transactions Act of 2008, which provides a comprehensive legal framework for, among other things, electronic transactions, data protection and electronic funds transfer.

The general inconsistency of financial regulations adds to the security concerns of credit worthy consumers that make them reluctant to electronically transfer funds or pre-pay for goods. Resolving the barriers to creating a reliable financial infrastructure would require cooperation between governments, financial institutions and mobile service providers.

Shipping Services

In some of our countries of operations the postal service has monopoly rights. For example, in Morocco, the postal service has monopoly rights for the distribution of letters and parcels weighing no more than one kilogram, limiting our options concerning last-mile delivery.

 

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MANAGEMENT

Overview

We are a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft or AG ) with registered seat in Germany. We are subject to German legislation on stock corporations, most importantly the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ). In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act, our corporate bodies are the management board ( Vorstand ), the supervisory board ( Aufsichtsrat ) and the shareholders’ meeting ( Hauptversammlung ). Our management and supervisory boards are entirely separate and, as a rule, no individual may simultaneously be a member of both boards.

Our management board is responsible for the day-to-day management of our business in accordance with applicable laws, our articles of association ( Satzung ) and the management board’s internal rules of procedure ( Geschäftsordnung ). Our management board represents us in our dealings with third parties.

The principal function of our supervisory board is to supervise our management board. The supervisory board is also responsible for appointing and removing the members of our management board, representing us in connection with transactions between a current or former member of the management board and us, and granting approvals for certain significant matters.

Our management board and our supervisory board are solely responsible for and manage their own areas of competency ( Kompetenztrennung ); therefore, neither board may make decisions that, pursuant to applicable law, our articles of association or the internal rules of procedure are the responsibility of the other board. Members of both boards owe a duty of loyalty and care to us. In carrying out their duties, they are required to exercise the standard of care of a prudent and diligent businessperson. If they fail to observe the appropriate standard of care, they may become liable to us.

In carrying out their duties, the members of both boards must take into account a broad range of considerations when making decisions, including our interests and the interests of our shareholders, employees, creditors and, to a limited extent, the general public, while respecting the rights of our shareholders to be treated on equal terms. Additionally, the management board is responsible for implementing an internal monitoring system for risk management purposes.

Our supervisory board has comprehensive monitoring responsibilities. To ensure that our supervisory board can carry out these functions properly, our management board must, among other duties, regularly report to our supervisory board regarding our current business operations and future business planning (including financial, investment and personnel planning). In addition, our supervisory board or any of its members is entitled to request special reports from the management board on all matters regarding the Company, our legal and business relations with affiliated companies and any business transactions and matters at such affiliated companies that may have a significant impact on our position at any time.

Under German law, our shareholders have no direct recourse against the members of our management board or the members of our supervisory board in the event that they are believed to have breached their duty of loyalty and care to us. Apart from insolvency or other special circumstances, only we have the right to claim damages against the members of our two boards.

We may waive these claims to damages or settle these claims only if at least three years have passed since a claim associated with any violation of a duty has arisen and only if our shareholders approve the waiver or settlement at a shareholders’ meeting with a simple majority of the votes cast; provided that no shareholders who in the aggregate hold one-tenth or more of our share capital oppose the waiver or settlement and have their opposition formally recorded in the meeting’s minutes maintained by a German civil law notary.

 

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Supervisory Board

German law requires that the supervisory board consists of at least three members, whereby the articles of association may stipulate a certain higher number. Our supervisory board currently consists of eight members. German law further requires the number of supervisory board members to be divisible by three if this is necessary for the fulfillment of co-determination requirements. This does not apply to us as we are currently not subject to co-determination. As we grow, this may change and our supervisory board may be required to include employee representatives subject to the provisions of the German One-Third Employee Representation Act ( Drittelbeteiligungsgesetz ), which applies to companies that have at least 500 employees, and the German Codetermination Act ( Mitbestimmungsgesetz ), which applies to companies that have at least 2,000 employees. As of January 1, 2016, 30% of the supervisory board members must be women in case the company is a fully co-determined ( voll mitbestimmungspflichtig ) company, which requires that the company has at least 2,000 employees. This currently does not apply to us.

The supervisory board has set certain targets for the composition of the supervisory board, including:

 

   

at least three women serving on our supervisory board by December 31, 2023 and

 

   

an age limit of seventy years at the time of appointment.

The members of our supervisory board are elected by the shareholders’ meeting in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ). German law does not require the majority of our supervisory board members to be independent and neither our articles of association nor the rules of procedure for our supervisory board provide otherwise. However, the rules of procedure for our supervisory board provide that the supervisory board shall, taken as a whole, comprise of, in its own estimation, an adequate number of independent members.

Under German law, a member of a supervisory board may be elected for a maximum term of up to approximately five years, depending on the date of the shareholders’ meeting at which such member is elected. Re-election, including repeated re-election, is permissible. The shareholders’ meeting may specify a term of office for individual members or all of the members of our supervisory board which is shorter than the standard term of office and, subject to statutory limits, may set different start and end dates for the terms of members of our supervisory board.

The shareholders’ meeting may, at the same time as it elects the members of the supervisory board, elect one or more substitute members. The substitute members replace members who cease to be members of our supervisory board and take their place for the remainder of their respective terms of office. Currently, no substitute members have been elected or have been proposed to be elected.

Members of our supervisory board may be dismissed at any time during their term of office by a resolution of the shareholders’ meeting adopted by at least a simple majority of the votes cast. In addition, any member of our supervisory board may resign at any time by giving one month’s written notice of his or her resignation to the chairperson of our supervisory board (in case the chairperson resigns, such notice is to be given to the deputy chairperson) or to the management board. The management board, the chairperson of our supervisory board or in case of a resignation by the chairperson, his/her deputy may agree upon a shorter notice period.

Our supervisory board elects a chairperson and a deputy chairperson from its members. The deputy chairperson exercises the chairperson’s rights and obligations whenever the chairperson is unable to do so. The members of our supervisory board have elected Jonathan D. Klein as chairperson and John H. Rittenhouse as deputy chairperson, each for the term of their respective membership on our supervisory board.

The supervisory board meets at least twice during the first half and twice during the second half of each calendar year. Our articles of association and the supervisory board’s rules of procedure provide that a quorum of

 

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the supervisory board members is present if at least half of its members participate in the vote. Members of our supervisory board are deemed present if they participate via telephone or other electronic means of communication (especially via video conference) or abstain from voting unless the chairman issues an order deviating therefrom. Any absent member may also participate in the voting by submitting his or her written vote through another member.

Resolutions of our supervisory board are passed by the vote of a simple majority of the votes cast unless otherwise required by law, our articles of association or the rules of procedure of our supervisory board. In the event of a tie, the chairperson of the supervisory board has the casting vote. Our supervisory board is not permitted to make management decisions, but, in accordance with German law and in addition to its statutory responsibilities, it has determined that certain matters require its prior consent, including:

 

   

adoption, amendment or rescission of the combined annual business plan for the Company including the related investment, budget and financial planning;

 

   

individual investments in fixed assets exceeding €5.0 million in the individual case or exceeding the agreed annual investment budget by more than €10.0 million in total;

 

   

entering into credit or loan agreements or other financing agreements as a borrower in excess of €5.0 million in the individual case as well as changes to our credit line in excess of €5.0 million;

 

   

granting of loans (i) in excess of €2.0 million in the individual case or €3.5 million in the aggregate per year (excluding loans to wholly owned subsidiaries or loans granted in the ordinary course of business, e.g., to suppliers or landlords) or (ii) to employees in excess of €70,000 in the individual case excluding wage and salary advances;

 

   

granting the assets of the Company as collateral, pledges or security in the form of security assignments ( Sicherungsabtretung ), granting or assuming guarantees or similar liabilities or of sureties or personal guarantees, payment guarantees or of any and all obligations similar to personal guarantees ( bürgschaftsähnliche Verpflichtungen ); issuance of letters of comfort ( Patronatserklärungen ) as well as issuance of notes payable ( Eingehen von Wechselverbindlichkeiten ) in excess of €7.0 million or outside the ordinary course of business, provided, however, that statutory and/or contractual securities and/or liabilities of the aforementioned kind (e.g., lessor’s lien, liens in connection with commercial loan insurances, retention of title, custom and tax deposits, etc.) or securities and/or liabilities for the benefit of wholly owned subsidiaries shall always be considered as inside the ordinary course of business;

 

   

futures transactions concerning currencies, securities and exchange traded goods and rights as well as other transactions with derivative financial instruments in excess of €3.5 million and made outside the ordinary course of business, provided, however, that hedging transactions to limit corresponding risks shall always be in the ordinary course of business;

 

   

acquisition or disposal of enterprises, including joint ventures, participations in enterprises or independent divisions of a business, other than the acquisition of shelf companies, exceeding an amount of €7.0 million in the individual case or €10.0 million in total on an annual basis;

 

   

encumbrance of shares, if such shares secure a claim of more than €7.0 million, as well as liquidation of companies;

 

   

execution or amendment of agreements with definitively committed payment obligations exceeding €10.0 million;

 

   

initiation or termination of court cases or arbitration proceedings involving an amount in controversy greater than €3.5 million in the individual case; and

 

   

conclusion, amendment or termination of enterprise agreements pursuant to Sections 291 et seqq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ).

 

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Our supervisory board may designate further types of actions as requiring its approval. The following table sets forth the names and functions of the current members of our supervisory board, their ages, their terms (which expire on the date of the relevant year’s general shareholders’ meeting) and their principal occupations outside of our Company:

 

Name

   Age      Term expires     

Principal occupation

Gilles Bogaert (1)

     49        2023     

Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, EMEA and LATAM, Pernod Ricard SA

Andre T. Iguodala

     35        2023     

Professional Basketball Player, Golden State Warriors, National Basketball Association

Blaise Judja-Sato

     54        2023     

Founder, VillageReach; Founder, Resilience Trust

Jonathan D. Klein

     58        2023     

Co-Founder & Deputy Chairman, Getty Images

Angela Kaya Mwanza

     48        2024     

Private Wealth Advisor & Senior Portfolio Manager, UBS Private Wealth Management

Alioune Ndiaye

     59        2023     

Chief Executive Officer, Orange Middle East and Africa

Matthew Odgers (1)

     43        2023     

Head of Business Development, MTN Group

John H. Rittenhouse

     62        2023     

Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Cavallino Capital LLC; Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Vinasset Inc.

 

(1)

Pursuant to Section 7.2 of our shareholders agreement entered into with our then-existing shareholders on December 18, 2018, we and the shareholders agreed to appoint Gilles Bogaert (“PR Member”) and Matthew Odgers (“MTN Member”) to the supervisory board.

The business address of the members of our supervisory board is the same as our business address: Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

The following is a brief summary of the prior business experience of the members of our supervisory board:

Gilles Bogaert   has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. Mr. Bogaert is the chief executive officer of EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Asia) and LATAM (Latin America) at Pernod Ricard SA, a role he has held since July 1, 2018. Previously, he served in several other management positions at Pernod Ricard SA over the last two decades, including as the managing director in charge of finance, IT and operations for Pernod Ricard Group from July 2009 to July 2018. He is a graduate of the ESCP Business School.

Andre T. Iguodala has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. Mr. Iguodala is an NBA basketball player for the three-time NBA Champions, the Golden State Warriors. During the 2017 championship run, he further established his legacy as one of the NBA’s premier players. In 2015, Mr. Iguodala received the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award. He was an NBA All-Star in 2012 and has been named to the NBA All-Defensive Team twice. Mr. Iguodala was also a member of the United States national team at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and 2012 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal both times. Since joining the Warriors in 2013, he has become deeply engaged with the Bay Area media and technology communities and to date has invested in over 40 companies through F9 Strategies, including GOAT, Zoom, Lime, Walker & Co., Thrive Global, AllBirds, Casper, STANCE and Carta. Mr. Iguodala has partnered with Bloomberg on the creation of The Players Technology Summit, which convenes top executives and leaders in the technology, venture capital and sports communities to exchange ideas and share expertise in an educational and empowering forum. He attended the University of Arizona before declaring for the 2004 NBA Draft following his sophomore year.

 

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Blaise Judja-Sato has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. He is the founder of VillageReach and the Resilience Trust, which he founded in 2001 and 2015, respectively. He served as executive director at the International Telecommunication Union from 2009 to 2015, founder and president of the Nelson Mandela Foundation USA, which he founded in 2000, co-head of global development initiative at Google from 2006 to 2007, director of international business development at Teledesic from 1997 to 2001, regional managing director at AT&T from 1996 to 1997 and a senior consultant at Accenture from 1988 to 1992. Mr. Judja-Sato earned an MBA from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He holds a Master of Science in engineering from Telecom ParisTech and a master’s degree in mathematics from the University of Montpellier.

Jonathan D. Klein   has been a member and the chairman of our supervisory board since January 2019. Mr. Klein is a co-founder of Getty Images and served as the chief executive officer of Getty Images for over 20 years, prior to becoming its chairman in 2015 and his current service as its deputy chairman. Mr. Klein currently serves as a member of the board of directors for several other institutions including Squarespace, Etsy, Helix Sleep, Grassroot Soccer and the Committee to Protect Journalists. Additionally, Mr. Klein serves as chairman of the board for Friends of the Global Fight Against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and president of the board of trustees of Groton School. Mr. Klein is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Klein received his master’s degree in law from the University of Cambridge.

Angela Kaya Mwanza has been a member of our supervisory board since March 2019. Ms. Mwanza is a co-founder of Evergreen Wealth Management at UBS Private Wealth Management. She serves on UBS’ Sustainable Investing Advisory Council and on the boards of One Community, Global Health Alliance, Grassroot Soccer, Beespace, Grace Farms Foundation and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Ms. Mwanza is a leader in the field of private wealth management and was named one of the “46 Leaders in Sustainable Investing (Who are Also Women)” by Forbes in 2018. She holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Cornell University and both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in linguistics from the University of Konstanz in Germany.

Alioune Ndiaye has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. Mr. Ndiaye is the chief executive officer of Orange Middle East and Africa. Prior to this role, he served as the chief executive officer of Orange Mali from 2002 to 2012 and, from 2012 to 2018, as the chief executive officer of Sonatel. Mr. Ndiaye studied Telecom management and finance at Institut Mines-Télécom Business School and at Paris Dauphine University.

Matthew Odgers   has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. Mr. Odgers is the head of business development at MTN Group, the largest telecom operator in Africa and the Middle East. Prior to joining MTN in 2015, he held various positions over 14 years as an investment banker at UBS, including as a managing director in EMEA M&A and head of investment banking for MENA (Middle East and Northern Africa) with responsibility for technology, media and telecommunications for UBS Investment Bank in Africa and the Middle East. Mr. Odgers also serves on the boards of Ghana Tower Interco BV., Uganda Tower Interco BV., ATC Ghana and ATC Uganda. He is a qualified chartered accountant and studied economics at Bristol University.

John H. Rittenhouse   has been a member of our supervisory board since January 2019. He is also a member of the supervisory board at HelloFresh SE. Mr. Rittenhouse is the founder of Cavallino Capital, LLC and currently serves as its chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors. Additionally, he is the founder, chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of VinAsset, Inc. Prior to his work with Cavallino Capital and VinAsset, Mr. Rittenhouse served as the national practice leader of operations risk management at KPMG LLP and chief logistics and operating officer at Wal-Mart.com USA. Mr. Rittenhouse attended Rollins College where he received a certification for business and operations management, Haslam College of Business where he received an Executive Master of Business Administration certification and St. Patrick’s Seminary & University, an affiliate of the University of San Francisco, where he received a degree in theology.

 

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Supervisory Board Practices

Decisions are generally made by our supervisory board as a whole; however, decisions on certain matters may be delegated to committees of our supervisory board to the extent permitted by law. The chairperson, or if he or she is prevented from doing so, the deputy chairperson, chairs the meetings of the supervisory board and determines the order in which the agenda items are discussed, the method and order of voting, as well as any adjournment of the discussion and passing of resolutions on individual agenda items after a due assessment of the circumstances.

In addition, under German law, each member of the supervisory board is obliged to carry out his or her duties and responsibilities personally, and such duties and responsibilities cannot be generally and permanently delegated to third parties. However, the supervisory board and its committees have the right to appoint independent experts for the review and analysis of specific circumstances in accordance with its control and supervision duties under German law. We would bear the costs for any such independent experts that are retained by the supervisory board or any of its committees.

Pursuant to Section 107 para. 3 of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), the supervisory board may form committees from among its members and charge them with the performance of specific tasks. The committees’ tasks, authorizations and processes are determined by the supervisory board. Where permissible by law, important powers of the supervisory board may also be transferred to committees.

Under Section 10 of its rules of procedure, the supervisory board has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a corporate governance and nominations committee. Set forth in the table below are the current members of the audit committee, the compensation committee, and the corporate governance and nominations committee:

 

Name of committee

 

Current Members

Audit committee

 

Blaise Judja-Sato, Angela Kaya Mwanza and John H. Rittenhouse (chairperson)

Compensation committee

 

Andre T. Iguodala, Blaise Judja-Sato and Jonathan D. Klein (chairperson)

Corporate governance and nominations committee

 

Blaise Judja-Sato, Alioune Ndiaye and Matthew Odgers (chairperson)

Audit Committee

Our audit committee assists the supervisory board in overseeing the accuracy and integrity of our financial statements, our accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of our financial statements, the effectiveness of our internal control system, our risk management system, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent auditors’ qualifications and independence, the performance of the independent auditors and the effectiveness of our internal audit functions. The audit committee’s duties and responsibilities to carry out its purposes include, among others:

 

   

the preparation of the supervisory board recommendation to the shareholders’ meeting on the appointment of the independent auditors to audit our financial statements and the respective proposal to the supervisory board;

 

   

direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditors, who shall report directly to the audit committee, provided that the auditor appointment and termination shall be subject to approval by the shareholders’ meeting;

 

   

the pre-approval, or the adoption of appropriate procedures to pre-approve, all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors;

 

   

the handling of matters and processes related to auditor independence;

 

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the establishment, maintenance and review of procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and for the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and

 

   

the review and approval of all our related party transactions in accordance with our policies in effect from time to time.

The audit committee shall have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its duties and responsibilities, including the authority to select, retain, terminate, and approve the fees and other engagement terms of special or independent counsel, accountants or other experts and advisors, as it deems necessary or appropriate, without seeking approval of the management board or supervisory board. We shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the audit committee, in its capacity as a committee of the supervisory board, for payment of compensation to the independent auditors engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for us, compensation of any advisers employed by the audit committee, and ordinary administrative expenses of the committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.

The audit committee consists of at least three members and, subject to certain limited exceptions, each member of the audit committee must be independent according to the following criteria:

 

   

no member of the audit committee may, directly or indirectly, accept any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fees from our company or its subsidiaries other than in such member’s capacity as a member of our supervisory board or any of its committees; and

 

   

no member of the audit committee may be an “affiliated person” of our company or any of its subsidiaries except for such member’s capacity as a member of our supervisory board or any of its committees; for this purpose, the term “affiliated person” means a person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control of our company or any of its subsidiaries.

At least one member of the audit committee shall qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under the Exchange Act.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee consists of three members, one of whom is the chairperson of the supervisory board. Our compensation committee is responsible for:

 

   

considering all aspects of compensation and employment terms for the management board, and in this regard (i) making recommendations to and preparing decisions for the supervisory board, (ii) preparing presentations to the shareholders’ meeting (as applicable), to discuss amendments to existing, or the

establishment of new, employment agreements for the members of the management board, including issues of compensation guidelines, incentive programs, strategy and framework;

 

   

considering the compensation and general employment terms for second level executives, and in this regard it is authorized to make recommendations to the management board;

 

   

commissioning, when appropriate, its own independent review of the compensation guidelines and the compensation packages paid to the members of the management board, to ensure that the guidelines reflect the best practices and that the packages remain competitive and in line with market practice;

 

   

presenting an evaluation of the management board’s performance and making a recommendation to the supervisory board regarding the employment terms and compensation of the management board;

 

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assisting the supervisory board in the oversight of regulatory compliance with respect to compensation matters, including monitoring our system for compliance with the relevant provisions of the German Corporate Governance Code concerning the disclosure of information about compensation for the management board and other senior executives; and

 

   

examining compensation guidelines that serve as a framework for all compensation matters to be submitted to and determined by the supervisory board.

Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee

Our corporate governance and nominations committee consists of at least three members. The committee is responsible for, among other things, preparing all recommendations to the supervisory board with regard to the following items:

 

   

the appointment and dismissal of management board members, as well as the nomination of the management board chairperson;

 

   

completion of, amendments to and termination of employment contracts with management board members; and

 

   

election proposals for suitable supervisory board candidates to be presented to the shareholders’ meeting.

Additionally, subject to mandatory responsibilities of the entire supervisory board, the corporate governance and nominations committee, rather than the entire supervisory board, will resolve on most of the transactions requiring the approval of the supervisory board, and it has the capacity to provide consent for transactions between us and members of our management board.

Compensation of Supervisory Board Members

Under mandatory German law, the compensation of the supervisory board of a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) is determined by the shareholders’ meeting. In a shareholders’ meeting held on February 15, 2019, our shareholders adopted the following compensation system:

 

   

Ordinary members of the supervisory board receive a fixed compensation in the amount of €75,000 per annum. The chairperson of the supervisory board shall receive higher fixed compensation in the amount of €150,000 per annum.

 

   

The chairperson of the audit committee receives an additional fixed compensation of €40,000 per annum and any other member of the audit committee an additional compensation in the amount of €20,000 per annum.

 

   

The chairperson of the compensation committee receives an additional fixed compensation of €20,000 per annum and any other member of the compensation committee an additional compensation in the amount of €10,000 per annum.

 

   

The chairperson of the corporate governance and nominations committee receives an additional fixed compensation of €20,000 per annum and any other member of the corporate governance and nominations committee an additional compensation in the amount of €10,000 per annum.

 

   

The chairperson of the IPO committee receives an additional fixed compensation of €30,000 per annum and any other member of the IPO committee an additional compensation in the amount of €25,000 per annum.

 

   

We do not pay fees for attendance at supervisory board meetings.

 

   

The members of the supervisory board are entitled to reimbursement of their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in the performance of their duties as supervisory board members as well as the value added tax on their compensation and out-of-pocket expenses.

 

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This remuneration system will remain in force until it has been amended or terminated by our general shareholders’ meeting.

Our supervisory board was established for the first time upon the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH into Jumia Technologies AG, which was resolved upon on December 17 and 18, 2018 and became effective by registration with the commercial register on January 31, 2019. Our legal predecessor, Africa Internet Holding GmbH, did not have a supervisory board. Therefore, for the business years 2018 and earlier, no remuneration or benefits in kind were granted to supervisory board members, and no amounts were set aside or accrued by us for these purposes.

No member of our supervisory board beneficially owns ordinary shares of the company.

Management Board and Senior Management

Management Board

Pursuant to our articles of association, our management board consists of one or several members. Our supervisory board determines the exact number of members of our management board. The supervisory board also appoints the chairperson and the deputy chairperson of the management board. At present, our management board consists of two members.

The members of our management board are appointed by our supervisory board for a term of up to five years. They are eligible for reappointment or extension, including repeated re-appointment and extension, after the completion of their term in office, in each case again for up to an additional five years. Under certain circumstances, such as a serious breach of duty or a vote of no confidence by the shareholders in a shareholders’ meeting, a member of the management board may be removed from office by our supervisory board prior to the expiration of his or her term.

The members of our management board conduct the daily business of our company in accordance with applicable laws, our articles of association and the rules of procedure for the management board adopted by our supervisory board. They are generally responsible for the management of our company and for handling our daily business relations with third parties, the internal organization of our business and communications with our shareholders. In addition, the management board is primarily responsible for:

 

   

the preparation of our annual financial statements;

 

   

the making of a proposal for the supervisory board’s recommendation to our shareholders’ meeting on how our profits (if any) should be allocated; and

 

   

regular reporting to the supervisory board on our current operating and financial performance, our budgeting and planning processes and our performance under them, and on future business planning (including strategic, financial, investment and personnel planning).

A member of the management board may not deal with or vote on matters relating to proposals, arrangements or contractual agreements between himself or herself and our company and may be liable to us if he or she has a material interest in any contractual agreement between our company and a third party which is not disclosed to and approved by our supervisory board.

The rules of procedure for our management board provide that certain matters require a resolution of the entire management board, in addition to transactions for which a resolution adopted by the entire management board is required by law or required by our articles of association. In particular, the entire management board shall decide on, among others:

 

   

the strategy of the Company, fundamental issues of the business policy and any other matters, especially national or international business relations, which are of special importance and scope for the Company;

 

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the annual and multi-year business planning for the Company, and in particular the related investment and financial planning;

 

   

the preparation of the annual financial statements and the management report, the consolidated financial statements and the group management report, as well as semi-annual and quarterly financial reports, interim announcements and other comparable reports;

 

   

convening of our shareholders’ meetings and proposed resolutions of the management board to be submitted to the shareholders’ meeting for a resolution;

 

   

the periodic reporting to the supervisory board;

 

   

matters which require the approval of our supervisory board pursuant to the rules of procedure of the management board;

 

   

matters which impact more than one member of the management board’s area of responsibility; and

 

   

fundamental issues relating to personnel matters.

Members of our Management Board

The following table sets forth the names and functions of the current members of our management board, their ages and their terms:

 

Name

  

Age

    

Term ends

  

Position

Jeremy Hodara

     38     

December 31, 2020

  

Co-Chief Executive Officer

Sacha Poignonnec

     38     

December 31, 2020

  

Co-Chief Executive Officer

The business address of the members of our management board is the same as our business address: Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

The following is a brief summary of the business experience of the members of our management board:

Jeremy Hodara cofounded our company in 2012, and has been serving as our co-chief executive officer since that time. Together with Sacha Poignonnec, he has built Jumia into a leading e-commerce platform in Africa. Prior to founding Jumia, Mr. Hodara worked as an engagement manager at McKinsey and Company from 2006 to 2012, where he specialized in retail and e-commerce consulting. Mr. Hodara earned a master’s degree in business management from the HEC School of Management in Paris, France.

Sacha Poignonnec cofounded our company in 2012, and has been serving as our co-chief executive officer since that time. Together with Jeremy Hodara, he has built Jumia into a leading e-commerce ecosystem in Africa. Prior to founding Jumia, Mr. Poignonnec worked at McKinsey and Company from 2007 to 2012, first as an associate, then as an engagement manager, and finally as an associate partner. While at McKinsey and Company, Mr. Poignonnec developed expertise in the packaged goods and retail sectors. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Poignonnec was a manager at Aon Accuracy and from 2002 to 2004 he was an associate at Ernst & Young. Mr. Poignonnec holds a master’s degree in finance from the EDHEC Business School.

Member of our Senior Management

Antoine Maillet-Mezeray, age 49, is our chief financial officer. As such, he serves as a member of our senior management but not as a member of our management board. Mr. Maillet-Mezeray’s business address is the same as our business address: Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

Antoine Maillet-Mezeray joined our company in 2016 and has served as our chief financial officer since that time. Mr. Maillet-Mezeray began his career with Mazars, where he worked as an auditor from 1994 to 1997. From 1997 to 2015, Mr. Maillet-Mezeray worked for several technology companies as either the chief executive

 

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officer or chief financial officer, in which roles he built and led finance teams with significant operating scale and complexity. Mr. Maillet-Mezeray holds a master’s degree in finance from Neoma Business School in France as well as a master’s degree in philosophy.

Compensation of the Members of our Management Board and Senior Management

We have entered into agreements with all current members of our management board and senior management. These agreements generally provide for a base salary and an annual bonus. In addition to these fixed and variable compensation components under the terms of their service agreements, the members of our management board and senior management are entitled to specific insurance benefits (including accident and directors’ and officers’ insurance) and reimbursement of necessary and reasonable disbursements. We have also agreed to a one-time payment in the aggregate amount of €5.0 million to indemnify members of our management board, senior management and certain other employees against potential future tax liabilities. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify the members of the management board against income tax liabilities related to shares or share-based payment instruments granted by us in excess of a total tax liability of 25% of the relevant income in countries where they are not tax resident up to a total amount of €40 million. Any such payment made to a member of our management board would be subject to repayment to the extent that the relevant management board member ceases to be employed by us within three years of completion of this offering.

We believe that the agreements between us and the members of our management board and senior management provide for payments and benefits (including upon termination of employment) that are in line with customary market practice.

In the year ended December 31, 2018, the two members of our management board and one member of our senior management received total compensation of €1,043,879, which includes the base salary as well as any variable and other compensation.

The members of our management board and senior management do not beneficially own any ordinary shares of the Company.

The following table provides information about outstanding options for ordinary shares held by each member of our management board and senior management.

 

Name

   Number of Ordinary Shares
Underlying Options
     Option Exercise Price (in €)  

Jeremy Hodara

     2,209,192.52        1.00  

Sacha Poignonnec

     2,209,192.52        1.00  

Antoine Maillet-Mezeray

     *        1.00  

 

*

Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.

These options included in the table above represent options originally granted to our management board and senior management on various dates pursuant to the 2016 Plan (as defined below), and were rolled up and converted via amendments to each individual option agreement subsequent to the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH to Jumia Technologies AG (as explained below) and increased following the capital increase from own resources (as explained in the section “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association—Changes in Our Share Capital During the Last Three Fiscal Years”). This roll-up, conversion and increase in options resulted in the fractional amount of options held by each member of our management board and senior management. As uneven shares cannot be exercised, the amendment agreements used to effectuate the roll-up and conversion of the options require that any uneven options will be cashed out when the options are exercised. The options are exercisable in accordance with the terms of the 2016 Plan and each relevant individual amended option agreement. The options do not have any expiration date; however, under the 2016 Plan, they may expire in

 

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the case of certain bad leaver events. Some of the options held by Jeremy Hodara and Sacha Poignonnec include vesting criteria that go beyond those of other participants in the 2016 Plan. These additional vesting criteria include reaching certain profitability and valuation targets.

We do not separately set aside amounts from pensions, retirement or other benefits for members of our management board and senior management, other than pursuant to relevant statutory requirements.

Share-Based Incentive Plans

Option Program 2016

In 2016, we adopted the Option Program 2016 (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan was implemented by Jumia UG & Co. KG (the “Partnership”), a subsidiary of the Company, for the benefit of certain employees, managing directors and supporters of us, the Partnership and its direct or indirect subsidiaries (the “Relevant Enterprises”). The 2016 Plan’s purpose is to provide an incentive to eligible recipients in order to reward their future contributions to the Relevant Enterprises and to attract and retain competent and dedicated individuals.

Under the 2016 Plan, call options were allotted via four tranches, namely, a privileged tranche and three ordinary tranches. The privileged tranche vested as of the effective date of the plan, whereas the ordinary tranches are subject to certain vesting conditions (e.g., cliff periods, profitability targets or exit conditions). These conditions are also subject to suspension during any period in which a beneficiary does not actively work for one of the Relevant Enterprises. Under the 2016 Plan, the Partnership has the right to terminate the 2016 Plan at any time with respect to call options not yet granted. Any amendments to the 2016 plan require our approval. The 2016 Plan also provides the Partnership with the authority and sole discretion to substitute the 2016 Plan with another employee participation program or incentive compensation plan, provided that any such new plan grants equivalent benefits to the holders of call options under the 2016 Plan. All call options issued under the 2016 Plan are governed by individual agreements between us and the respective holders of the options. Under the terms of the 2016 Plan, the Company is entitled to suspend the exercise of any options by option holders following an initial public offering (“IPO”). We have undertaken vis-à-vis the underwriters to impose such a suspension period for the six months following our IPO.

The issuance of call options under the 2016 Plan closed in December 2018. In connection with the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH into Jumia Technologies AG, all holders of call options under the 2016 Plan were offered the opportunity to amend their respective option agreements to reflect the conversion of the Company, with the options thereafter exercisable for shares in Jumia Technologies AG (the “Roll Up”). Approximately 260 option holders agreed to these amendments and participated in the Roll Up (the “Roll Up Participants”). The conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH into Jumia Technologies AG became effective on January 31, 2019, at which time the Roll Up was effected for all Roll Up Participants.

As the top holding of the options changed under the Roll Up from the Partnership to Jumia Technologies AG, and Jumia Technologies AG has a different capital basis from the Partnership, the valuation of the options for Roll Up Participants would have also changed. In order to prevent this change in valuation, we increased the number of options held by each Roll Up Participant in such a way as to equalize the ratio of the number of options held to the outstanding capital of the Partnership to the ratio of the number of options held to the outstanding capital of Jumia Technologies AG. Consequently, the number of options held by each Roll Up Participant increased and the exercise price decreased – although not below an amount of €1.00 – while the value of their options has not changed in any material way. As uneven shares cannot be exercised, the amendment agreements used to effectuate the Roll Up and conversion of the options granted under the 2016 Plan require that any uneven options will be cashed out when the options are exercised.

 

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The following table summarizes the options outstanding under the 2016 Plan:

 

     Number of Options Outstanding  

Exercise Price Per Unit (in €)

   Privileged Tranche      Ordinary Tranches      Total Options
Outstanding
 

1.00

     2,451,526.72        4,301,019.16        6,752,545.88  

1.88

     909.32        5,054.96        5,964.28  

4.60

     11,570.56        4,539.44        16,110.00  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Options Outstanding

     2,464,006.60        4,310,613.56        6,774,620.16  

Fifteen option holders under the 2016 Plan did not agree to the amendments and did not participate in the Roll Up. Consequently, these fifteen individuals still hold 1,727 options in the Partnership, which, if converted, would correspond to 59,387 options in Jumia Technologies AG (the “Remaining Partnership Option Holders”). The 2016 Plan provides us with drag along rights and provides all option holders with tag along rights in the event of an IPO. Thus, upon completion of this offering, we can exercise our drag along rights and cause the conversion of the options of the Remaining Partnership Option Holders into options in Jumia Technologies AG. Similarly, the Remaining Partnership Option Holders may elect to exercise their tag along rights to cause the conversion of their options into options in Jumia Technologies AG.

Stock Option Program 2019

In early 2019, we established the Stock Option Program 2019 (the “2019 Plan”). A total of 2,692,876 stock options will be granted under the 2019 Plan. These options will be distributed amongst the members of four distinct groups of eligible parties, namely (i) members of our management board, (ii) selected key employees, (iii) members of the management boards of certain key affiliates (the “Key Affiliates”) and (iv) selected key employees of the Key Affiliates (each a “Participant” and, together, the “Participants”). Members of our management board will receive up to 269,288 options, members of management boards of Key Affiliates will receive up to 807,863 options and key employees of Key Affiliates will receive up to 1,615,725 total options. The stock options will be granted to each Participant by a separate grant agreement. Any grant of stock options is subject to a continuing and unterminated service or employment relationship between the relevant Participant and us or the relevant Key Affiliate at the relevant grant date.

Our management board, or our supervisory board with respect to all aspects of the 2019 Plan that pertain to our management board, has the authority to administer the 2019 Plan (the “Plan Administrator”). The Plan Administrator has the authority to designate the key employees to whom options will be granted.

The 2019 Plan sets forth a vesting schedule and the Plan Administrator may determine the relevant criteria for such vesting schedule. The vesting of stock options is subject to two minimum conditions, namely, (i) a cliff of at least six months after the grant date before the first tranche of the stock option shall vest and (ii) the stock options shall vest over a period of at least four years with respect to grants which value exceeds €200,000 on the grant date. Vesting of any options will also be effected by any uninterrupted period for which the employment relationship of the respective option holder has been suspended without entitlement to continued remuneration (e.g., due to sickness, parental leave, nursing care, military service, sabbatical, or comparable grounds).

The stock options can only be exercised once all of the following conditions have been satisfied: (i) the performance target(s) has/have been reached, (ii) the relevant stock option has vested, (iii) the applicable waiting period has expired, (iv) an exercise period has started and not yet ended, (v) the exercise has not been temporarily suspended, (vi) the expiry date for the stock options has not passed and (vii) the participant accedes to the post-conversion shareholders’ agreement if a listing has not occurred. While the minimum performance target is based on GMV growth during the waiting period, the Plan Administrator, with the prior approval of our compensation committee or the entire supervisory board, can set additional performance targets for the vesting of the options. In the event that the performance target(s) is/are not met by the end of the waiting period, all stock options will be completely forfeited.

 

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In accordance with 2019 Plan, the Plan Administrator may make certain adjustments to the 2019 Plan in order to establish financial equality among Participants and prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the outstanding stock options. In the event of a change of control, as described under Section 15 of the 2019 Plan, the Plan Administrator and each Participant may request that a portion of the then-outstanding vested stock options which is equal to the portion of the shares or assets (as the case may be) of the Company acquired in the relevant change of control event by the persons or entities acquiring control and all rights attached thereto shall be cancelled in exchange for a payment by us of a cancelation consideration amount, as defined in the relevant provisions and subject to certain limitations of the 2019 Plan.

Under the 2019 Plan, a Participant can only transfer the stock options by will or applicable intestacy laws or with the prior written consent of the Plan Administrator. Subject to certain terms in the 2019 Plan, a Participant’s stock options irrevocably cease to vest and are forfeited without entitlement to compensation upon the severance of the employment relationship between a Participant and us or Key Affiliate. All unexercised stock options expire without compensation after seven consecutive years following the expiration of the waiting period.

Virtual Restricted Stock Unit Program 2019

In addition to the 2019 Plan, we intend to establish the Virtual Restricted Stock Unit Program 2019 (the “2019 VSRUP”). A total of 1,243,367 virtual restricted stock units (“VRSUs”) may be granted under the 2019 VSRUP to the same four distinct groups as under the 2019 Plan. Grants will be based on individual grant agreements.

Under the 2019 VSRUP, VRSUs will vest at the expiration of one year following the grant date, unless the grant agreement specifies a longer period. Vesting is subject to an ongoing employment relationship with us and will be suspended for time periods in which the Participant does not work for us and we do not owe the whole compensation.

Subject to certain black-out periods, vested VRSUs will automatically be paid out in cash as soon as reasonably practicable following the expiration of a period of twelve trading days after the publication of our half year report or annual financial statements. The amount to be paid per VRSU equals the average NYSE closing price of our shares (as represented by ADSs) on the first ten trading days after the publication of the later of our last half year report or our last annual financial statements or, if no such report has yet been published following our listing on the NYSE, the average closing price on the last ten trading days prior to vesting. With respect to employees who are not members of our management board or the Key Affiliates, we may, at our sole discretion, instead of a cash payment choose to deliver ADSs or shares from treasury or available capital in accordance with applicable law. The number of ADSs or shares will be calculated on the basis of the closing price on the day we decide to make such delivery.

In case of specific capital and other structural measures (not including a change of control), we will establish financial equality for the Participant in order to prevent that such adjustment event results in a dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the outstanding VRSUs.

German Corporate Governance Code

The German Corporate Governance Code (the “Corporate Governance Code”), was originally published by the German Federal Ministry of Justice ( Bundesministerium der Justiz ) in 2002 and was most recently amended on February 7, 2017 and published in the German Federal Gazette ( Bundesanzeiger ) on April 24, 2017. The Corporate Governance Code contains recommendations ( Empfehlungen ) and suggestions ( Anregungen ) relating to the management and supervision of German companies that are listed on a stock exchange. It follows internationally and nationally recognized standards for good and responsible corporate governance. The purpose of the Corporate Governance Code is to make the German system of corporate governance transparent for

 

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investors. The Corporate Governance Code includes corporate governance recommendations and suggestions with respect to shareholders and shareholders’ meetings, the management and supervisory boards, transparency, accounting policies and auditing.

There is no obligation to comply with the recommendations or suggestions of the Corporate Governance Code. The German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ) requires only that the management board and supervisory board of a German listed company issue an annual declaration that either (i) states that the company has complied with the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code or (ii) lists the recommendations that the company has not complied with and explains its reasons for deviating from the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code ( Entsprechenserklärung ). In addition, a listed company is also required to state in this annual declaration whether it intends to comply with the recommendations or list the recommendations it does not plan to comply with in the future. These declarations must be made accessible to shareholders at all times. If the company changes its policy on certain recommendations between such annual declarations, it must disclose this fact and explain its reasons for deviating from the recommendations. Non-compliance with suggestions contained in the Corporate Governance Code need not be disclosed.

Following our listing on the NYSE, the Corporate Governance Code will apply to us and we will be required to issue the annual declarations described above.

Our management board and supervisory board will be obliged to comply with the Corporate Governance Code except for such provisions, which are explicitly listed in the annual declaration and for which they provide an explanation of non-compliance.

We expect to deviate from certain recommendations and suggestions of the Corporate Governance Code. All deviations from the Corporate Governance Code recommendations will be published in the official annual declarations.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

In connection with the completion of this offering, we have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics, or code of conduct, which outlines the principles of legal and ethical business conduct under which we do business. The code of conduct applies to all of our supervisory board members, management board members and employees. The full text of the code of conduct is available on our website at https://group.jumia.com. The information and other content appearing on our website are not part of this prospectus. Any amendments or waivers from the provisions of the code of conduct for members of our supervisory or management boards will be made only after approval by our supervisory board and will be disclosed on our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver.

In addition, we have implemented compliance policies which describe the compliance management systems that have been implemented for us and our subsidiaries. Our compliance policies are designed to ensure compliance with all legal requirements, while at the same time implementing high ethical standards that are mandatory for both management and each employee. The overall responsibility for the compliance management system lies with the management board, which reports regularly to the audit committee.

Differences Between Our Corporate Governance Practices and Those Set Forth in the NYSE Listed Company Manual

In general, under Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, foreign private issuers such as us are permitted to follow home country corporate governance practices instead of certain provisions of the NYSE Listed Company Manual without having to seek individual exemptions from the NYSE. A foreign private issuer making its initial U.S. listing on the NYSE and following home country corporate governance practices in lieu of the corresponding corporate governance provisions of the NYSE Listed Company Manual must disclose in its

 

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registration statement or on its website any significant ways in which its corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE Listed Company Manual. In addition, we also may qualify for certain exemptions under the NYSE Listed Company Manual as a foreign private issuer that may affect our corporate governance practices.

The significant differences between the corporate governance practices that we follow and those set forth in the NYSE Listed Company Manual are described below:

 

   

Section 303A.01 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual requires listed companies to have a majority of independent directors. There is no requirement under German law that the majority of members of a supervisory board be independent, and the rules of procedure of our supervisory board provide that our supervisory board should be composed of, in its own estimation, an adequate number of independent members, though this is not a mandatory requirement.

 

   

Section 303A.09 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual requires all listed companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. German law does not require a company to adopt separate corporate governance guidelines. Instead, we follow the German Corporate Governance Code as described above.

 

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The following table sets forth information, as of March 28, 2019, regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares: (i) prior to the completion of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares and (ii) as adjusted to reflect the sale of our ADSs in this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, for:

 

   

Members of our supervisory board;

 

   

Members of our management board;

 

   

Members of our senior management;

 

   

Members of our supervisory board, management board and senior management as a group; and

 

   

Each person who has reported to us that such person beneficially owns 5% or more of our outstanding ordinary shares pursuant to applicable German law.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares over which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power as well as any shares that the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 28, 2019, through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares held by that person.

The percentage of shares beneficially owned before this offering is computed on the basis of 100,050,976 outstanding shares as of March 28, 2019. The percentage of shares beneficially owned on an adjusted basis after this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares is based on 153,018,585 shares to be outstanding after this offering after giving effect to completion of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, and assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs, and 157,068,585 shares to be outstanding after this offering after giving effect to completion of this offering, the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, and assuming full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs from us. Shares that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 28, 2019, are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all members of our supervisory board and management board, as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is c/o Jumia Technologies AG, Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

 

           Shares beneficially owned after this offering, the
Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of
the Anti-Dilution Shares
 
     Shares beneficially
owned before this
offering, the
Concurrent Private
Placement and the
issuance of the Anti-
Dilution Shares
    Assuming
underwriters’ option to
purchase additional
ADSs is not exercised
    Assuming
underwriters’ option to
purchase additional
ADSs is exercised in
full
 

Shareholder

   Number      Percent     Number      Percent     Number      Percent  

5% Shareholders

               

AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH (1)

     8,409,420        8.4     8,409,420        5.5     8,409,420        5.4

Atlas Countries Support S.A. (2)

     5,753,776        5.8     9,040,322        5.9     9,040,322        5.8

AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. (3)

     5,753,776        5.8     9,040,322        5.9     9,040,322        5.8

Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l. (4)

     5,235,392        5.2     5,235,392        3.4     5,235,392        3.3

Mastercard Europe SA (5)

     —                7,810,364        5.1     7,810,364        5.0

Millicom International Cellular S.A. (6)

     9,638,792        9.6     9,638,792        6.3     9,638,792        6.1

 

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           Shares beneficially owned after this offering, the
Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of
the Anti-Dilution Shares
 
     Shares beneficially
owned before this
offering, the
Concurrent Private
Placement and the
issuance of the Anti-
Dilution Shares
    Assuming
underwriters’ option to
purchase additional
ADSs is not exercised
    Assuming
underwriters’ option to
purchase additional
ADSs is exercised in
full
 

Shareholder

   Number      Percent     Number     Percent     Number     Percent  

Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited (7)

     29,702,544        29.7     29,702,544       19.4     29,702,544       18.9

Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH (8)

     5,087,180        5.1     12,946,363       8.5     12,946,363       8.2

Rocket Internet SE (9)

     20,644,428        20.6     20,644,428       13.5     20,644,428       13.1

Members of our supervisory board

             

Gilles Bogaert

                                     

Andre T. Iguodala

                                     

Blaise Judja-Sato

                                     

Jonathan D. Klein (10)

                    *         *         *         *  

Angela Kaya Mwanza

                                     

Alioune Ndiaye

                                     

Matthew Odgers

                                     

John H. Rittenhouse

                                     

Members of our management board

             

Jeremy Hodara

                                     

Sacha Poignonnec

                                     

Members of our senior management

             

Antoine Maillet-Mezeray

                                     

All members of our supervisory board, management board and senior management, as a group

                                     

 

*

Indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the total outstanding ordinary shares.

(1)

Consists of ordinary shares held by AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany with company number HRB 162781 B. AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH is a wholly owned subsidiary of AEH New Africa eCommerce II GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany with company number HRB 163306 B, which may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of all of these ordinary shares. The business address of both AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH and AEH New Africa eCommerce II GmbH is Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

(2)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Atlas Countries Support S.A., a company organized under the laws of Belgium with company number 0568.968.148 RLE. The business address of Atlas Countries Support S.A. is Avenue du Bourget 3, 1140 Brussels, Belgium. Orange, a limited liability company ( société anonyme ) registered under the laws of France, is the ultimate parent company of Atlas Countries Support S.A. Orange may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of all of these ordinary shares.

(3)

Consists of ordinary shares held by AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., a company organized under the laws of France with company number 799.163.845. The business address of AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. is 23 avenue Matignon, 75008 Paris, France. AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. is a wholly owned subsidiary of AXA S.A., which may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

(4)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l., a company organized under the laws of Luxembourg with company number B 170759. The business address of Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l. is 51 avenue J. F. Kennedy, L – 1855 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Blakeney General Partners III Limited, which exercises voting and investment power over the ordinary shares held by Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l. Blakeney General Partners III Limited may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

 

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(5)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Mastercard Europe SA, a company organized under the laws of Belgium with company number 0448.038.446. The business address of Mastercard Europe SA is Chausee de Tervuen 198A, Waterloo, B – 1410 Belgium. Mastercard Europe SA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mastercard Incorporated, which may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

(6)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Millicom International Cellular S.A., a company organized under the laws of Luxembourg with company number B40630. The business address of Millicom International Cellular S.A. is 2, rue du Fort Bourbon, L – 1249 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Millicom International Cellular S.A. may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

(7)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited, a company organized under the laws of South Africa with company number 1993/001411/06. The business address of Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited is 216 14th Avenue, Roodepoort Fairlands, Johannesburg, South Africa. Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of MTN Group Limited, which may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

(8)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany with company number HRB 38302. The business address of Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH is Habsburgerring 2, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH is a wholly owned subsidiary of Pernod Ricard SA, which may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all of these ordinary shares.

(9)

Consists of ordinary shares held by Rocket Internet SE, a company organized under the laws of Germany with company number HRB 165662 B. The business address of Rocket Internet SE is Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany. Rocket Internet SE is the beneficial owner of all of these ordinary shares.

(10)

Assumes a purchase of ADSs in this offering is made by Mr. Klein.

 

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The following is a description of related party transactions we have entered into since January 1, 2016, with any members of our supervisory or management board, executive officers or holders of more than 10% of any class of our voting securities.

Registration Rights Agreement

On December 12, 2018, we entered into a registration rights agreement with AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH, Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited and Rocket Internet SE, pursuant to which such investors have certain demand registration rights, short-form registration rights and piggyback registration rights in respect of any ordinary shares and related indemnification rights from us, subject to customary restrictions and exceptions. In case of a demand registration, all parties to the Registration Rights Agreement will be informed and offered the opportunity to participate in the transaction. All fees, costs and expenses of registrations will be borne by us and the shareholders participating in the relevant registration in proportion to the proceeds received by us and by them.

Shareholders Agreement

On December 18, 2018, we and our then-existing shareholders entered into a shareholders agreement providing for, among other things, a dilution protection for certain existing shareholders (i.e., AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., ELQ Investors VIII Limited, Atlas Countries Support S.A. and CDC Group Plc.). According to the dilution protection, these existing shareholders are entitled to subscribe for additional ordinary shares at nominal value in case the Company issues new shares or other securities convertible in, or carrying the right to subscribe for, shares issued by the Company at a weighted average price of less than €9,333.33 (corresponding to €13.06 per share following the capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) resolved upon on February 15, 2019). The dilution protection is based on a narrow-based weighted average formula taking into account how much money has already been raised by the Company and the price per share at the time it was raised compared with how much money will be raised in the dilutive round of funding and the new price per share.

At an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and at an assumed exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, we will be required to issue 10,298,062 additional shares to these existing shareholders at nominal value. These additional shares represent approximately 6.7% of the total number of shares to be outstanding after this offering.

Investment Agreement

On December 18, 2018, we and our then-existing shareholders entered into an investment agreement with a new investor, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH (the “Investor”). Under the Investment Agreement, the Investor agreed to provide the Company with additional capital in the aggregate amount of €75 million against issuance of ordinary shares (the “Investment”) on the basis of an agreed pre-money valuation of €1.4 billion (the “Pre-Money Valuation”). As a result, the Company issued (prior to the share capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln )) 7,105 shares (corresponding to 5,087,180 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to the Investor at an issue price of €10,555.60 per share (corresponding to €14.74 per share following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) (nominal value of €1.00), which corresponded to 5.08% of the shares in the Company as of January 3, 2019.

The Investment Agreement provides for, among other things, an anti-dilution provision for the benefit of the Investor. If an initial public offering of shares or ADS in the Company occurs within 18 months from the date of the Investment Agreement and the reference price (i.e., the price at which the shares of the Company with the

 

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nominal value of €1.00 or instruments representing such shares (e.g., ADS) are offered to investors) is lower than the initial issue price (based on the Pre-Money Valuation) under the Investment Agreement, the Investor is entitled to a compensation by issuance of such number of shares in the Company as corresponds to the difference of shares it received in the original investment and the number of shares it would have received had the original investment taken place at the reference price.

At an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and at an assumed exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH is entitled to receive additional 7,859,183 shares in the Company upon payment of the nominal value of the shares. These additional shares represent approximately 5.9% of the total number of shares to be outstanding after this offering.

Information Sharing Agreement

Jumia intends to enter into an agreement (the “Information Sharing Agreement”) with its shareholder Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Ltd. (“MTN”). The key purpose of the Information Sharing Agreement is to ensure that the required financial and other information is shared with MTN and its direct 100% shareholder, MTN Group Limited (a company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange), on a timely basis, for the purpose of enabling compliance with financial reporting, corporate governance and legal and regulatory obligations.

Transactions with Rocket Internet

In 2012, our subsidiary AIH General Merchandise Nigeria UG & Co. KG and an affiliate of Rocket Internet SE, Emerging Markets Asia eCommerce Holding GmbH (“EMA eCommerce”), entered into a loan agreement with us for €606,000. On December 21, 2012, EMA eCommerce assigned the loan to Rocket Internet SE. The loan was payable on demand and had an interest rate of 0.5% per annum. The balance as of December 31, 2016 was €611,000. In 2017, the loan was derecognized.

During 2016 and 2017, Rocket Internet financed our operations in Tanzania by way of loans to AIH General Merchandise Tanzania UG & Co. KG and Juwel 193. VV UG & Co. 132 KG. The total balance of these loans from Rocket Internet as of December 31, 2017 was €2.2 million. As of December 31, 2018, we have repaid in full the original loan balance plus interest in the amount of €2.4 million. Therefore, the balance for these loans as of December 31, 2018 is zero.

Additionally, we have provided certain information technology, marketing and other services to several companies affiliated with Rocket Internet. We invoiced total amounts of €4.6 million in 2016, €2.4 million in 2017 and €0.2 million in 2018 for such services.

We have also received certain information technology, marketing and other services from several companies affiliated with Rocket Internet. We were charged a total of €1.7 million in 2016, €1.0 million in 2017 and €0.4 million in 2018 for such services.

Transactions with Other Shareholders

In the ordinary course of business, we regularly enter into transactions with some of our shareholders.

Transactions with MTN

We engage in a number of initiatives with affiliates of our shareholder Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited (“MTN”). For example, consumers may pay for transactions on our platform with MTN’s mobile money. We have also set up dedicated MTN branded online stores on our platform.

In 2018, we also entered into an agreement under which MTN prepaid for their employees’ purchases on our platform.

 

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Transactions with Orange

Orange, as the ultimate parent company of our shareholder Atlas Countries Support S.A., offers its consumers the ability to buy their mobile phones through our platform. Orange also operates mobile money platforms on which Orange consumers can pay for goods purchased on our marketplace, and Orange collects the cash to be remitted to us. Some common initiatives to promote our services have also been set up with Orange affiliates, with the aim of reducing our acquisition costs on the related markets.

In connection with the business relationships described above, we entered into a partnership agreement regarding marketplace services with Orange on March 31, 2016. The purpose of this agreement is to define the terms and conditions pursuant to which Orange and its affiliates have access to the partnership services offered by us through showcasing Orange products for sale on our marketplace. We also entered into a mobile money partnership agreement with Orange on the same date. The purpose of this agreement is to create a non-exclusive partnership allowing our consumers to pay the goods and the services provided by our affiliates, notably on their websites, by way of the Orange Money services.

Transactions with AXA

In December 2015, we entered into distribution arrangements with AXA S.A., an affiliate of our shareholder AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. According to these agreements, AXA S.A. and its affiliates have exclusivity and matching rights concerning insurance products and services we offer. In 2017, revenue from sales of AXA insurance products was not material.

We entered into insurance agreements with AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. In 2017, we paid insurance premiums of €251,000 to AXA Africa Holding S.A.S.

In 2018, we paid insurance premiums of €1.5 million to AXA Africa Holding S.A.S.

Transactions with Millicom

Since March 2018, our consumers can purchase airtime for their phones and tablets offered by affiliates of Millicom International Cellular S.A. through our websites. Our revenue from these sales was not material.

Transactions with Jeremy Hodara

In February 2016, we sold four of our subsidiaries, AIH General Merchandise Tanzania UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG, Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 41. KG, ECart Services Tanzania Limited and Juwel E-Services Tanzania Limited (the “Tanzanian Entities”), to Jeremy Hodara, our Co-CEO and a member of our management board, for €1.00 each. That transaction was motivated by our intention to cease operations in Tanzania, and Jeremy Hodara’s intention to run operations in Tanzania under his sole ownership but to continue operating the Tanzanian Entities under the Jumia brand. Following the sale, Jeremy Hodara acted as de-facto agent for us. Accordingly, we determined that we had de facto control over the Tanzanian Entities. In 2018, Jeremy Hodara expressed an interest in selling his shares in the Tanzanian Entities. After taking into consideration several criteria, including the local market dynamics, the competitive situation across our East African operations and the momentum of our current business model in certain other markets that we believe are comparable to Tanzania, we entered into negotiations with Jeremy Hodara to reacquire the Tanzanian Entities. In 2017, the Tanzanian Entities generated revenues of €238 thousand and net losses of €3,088 thousand.

In 2018, Jeremy Hodara, our Co-CEO and a member of our management board, sold his entire participation in Jumia Facilities Management Services LLC (“Jumia Facilities”) to us. Jumia Facilities is a company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and was incorporated by an individual local shareholder holding 51% on our

 

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behalf and Jeremy Hodara, who held the remaining 49%. The purpose of Jumia Facilities is limited to the provision of operational services to us, such as payroll and support services. According to Jumia Facilities’ memorandum of association, Jeremy Hodara was appointed managing director of the Jumia Facilities. Jumia Facilities’ operations are financed through loans granted by us. Profits and losses of the company are to be borne by us. The sale of the participation did not result in a change in consolidation or control.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

The following description is a summary of certain information relating to our share capital as well as certain provisions of our articles of association and the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ). This summary does not purport to be complete and speaks as of the date of this prospectus. Copies of the articles of association will be publicly available from the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, electronically at www.unternehmensregister.de and as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

General

We were incorporated on June 26, 2012 as a limited liability company ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ) under German law. On December 17 and 18, 2018, our shareholders resolved upon the change of our legal form into a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) and the change of our company name to Jumia Technologies AG. The change of our legal form and company name became effective upon registration with the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, on January 31, 2019.

We are registered with the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, under number HRB 203542 B. Our corporate seat is in Berlin, Germany, and our registered office is at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

Share Capital

As of the date of this prospectus, we have share capital registered in the commercial register in the amount of €100,050,976.00 which is divided into 100,050,976 ordinary bearer shares ( Inhaberaktien ). All shares are shares with no par value ( Stückaktien ohne Nennbetrag ) with a notional amount attributable to each ordinary share of €1.00.

Form, Certification and Transferability of the Shares

The form and contents of our global share certificates, any dividend certificates, renewal certificates and interest coupons are determined by our management board with the approval of our supervisory board. A shareholder’s right to certificated shares is excluded, to the extent permitted by law and to the extent that certification is not required by the stock exchange on which the shares are admitted to trading. We are permitted to issue global share certificates that represent one or more shares.

All of our outstanding shares are no par-value bearer shares ( auf den Inhaber lautende Stückaktien ohne Nennbetrag ). Any resolution regarding a capital increase may determine the profit participation of the new shares resulting from such capital increase.

Our shares are freely transferable under German law, with the transfer of ownership governed by the rules of the relevant clearing system.

Our articles of association do not include any provisions that would have a direct effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control. However, in the event of a hostile takeover, we could use our authorized capital to increase our share capital to issue new shares to an investor at a premium. See “—Authorized Capital.” An increase in the number of shares outstanding could have a negative effect on a party’s ability to carry out a hostile takeover.

General Information on Capital Measures

Pursuant to our articles of association, an increase of our share capital generally requires a resolution passed at our shareholders’ meeting with both a simple majority of the share capital represented at the relevant

 

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shareholders’ meeting and a simple majority of the votes cast. The shareholders at such meeting may authorize our management board to increase our share capital with the consent of our supervisory board within a period of five years by issuing shares for a certain total amount, which we refer to as authorized capital ( genehmigtes Kapital ) and is a concept under German law that enables us to issue shares without going through the process of obtaining another shareholders’ resolution. The aggregate nominal amount of the authorized capital created by the shareholders may not exceed one-half of the share capital existing at the time of registration of the authorized capital with the commercial register.

Furthermore, our shareholders may resolve to amend or create conditional capital ( bedingtes Kapital ). However, they may do so only to issue conversion or subscription rights to holders of convertible bonds, in preparation for a merger with another company or to issue subscription rights to employees and members of the management of our company or of an affiliated company by way of a consent or authorization resolution. According to German law, the aggregate nominal amount of the conditional capital created at the shareholders’ meeting may not exceed one-half of the share capital existing at the time of the shareholders’ meeting adopting such resolution. The aggregate nominal amount of the conditional capital created for the purpose of granting subscription rights to employees and members of the management of our company or of an affiliated company may not exceed 10% of the share capital existing at the time of the shareholders’ meeting adopting such resolution.

According to German law, any resolution pertaining to the creation of authorized or conditional capital requires the vote of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented at the relevant shareholders’ meeting and a simple majority of the votes cast. The shareholders may also resolve to increase the share capital from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) by converting capital reserves and profit reserves into registered share capital. Pursuant to our articles of association, any resolution pertaining to an increase in share capital from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) requires the vote of a simple majority of the share capital represented at the relevant shareholders’ meeting and a simple majority of the votes cast.

All shares issued by the Company are fully paid in (meaning that shareholders are not liable to the Company to pay in any further amount in relation to their existing shares). Any resolution relating to a reduction of our share capital requires the vote of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented at the relevant shareholders’ meeting as well as a simple majority of the votes cast according to German law.

Changes in Our Share Capital During the Last Three Fiscal Years

As of March 28, 2019, our share capital as registered with the commercial register amounted to €100,050,976.00. Since January 1, 2016, our share capital has changed as follows:

 

   

On March 20, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 13,394 shares (corresponding to 9,590,104 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to existing shareholders.

 

   

On March 21, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 8,036 shares (corresponding to 5,753,776 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to AXA Africa Holding S.A.S.

 

   

On May 13, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 3,738 shares (corresponding to 2,676,408 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to ELQ Investors II Limited.

 

   

On May 18, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 8,036 shares (corresponding to 5,753,776 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to Atlas Countries Support S.A.

 

   

On June 21, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 5,358 shares (corresponding to 3,836,328 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to CDC Group PLC.

 

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On July 17, 2016, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 19,057 shares (corresponding to 13,644,812 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to AEH New Africa eCommerce GmbH and Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l.

 

   

On January 3, 2019, our share capital as registered with the commercial register was increased by issuing 7,105 shares (corresponding to 5,087,180 shares following the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019) to Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH.

In addition to the shares issued as listed above, we agreed to provide an option to one of our investors to increase the registered share capital, at once or in several transactions, up to a total of twelve shares. Between 2016 and the date of this prospectus, all twelve additional shares have been issued.

On February 15, 2019, our shareholders resolved upon the increase of our share capital from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) by €99,911,240.00 from €139,736.00 to €100,050,976.00. The implementation of this capital increase was registered with the commercial register on February 28, 2019. The share capital increase from own resources ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ) was effected by converting existing amounts in the share premium account.

Prior to completion of this offering, our shareholders are expected to resolve upon an increase of our share capital against cash contribution to permit the issuance of the ordinary shares that are the subject of this offering. It is anticipated that the shareholders’ meeting resolving upon such capital increase will be held on April 1, 2019 and the implementation of this capital increase is expected to be registered with the commercial register on the day following the day of pricing of this offering. Our shareholders are also expected to resolve of the aforementioned shareholders’ meeting upon increases of our share capital for purposes of issuing the Concurrent Private Placement shares and the Anti-Dilution Shares.

Authorized Capital

Under the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), a stock corporation’s shareholders’ meeting can authorize the management board to, with the consent of the supervisory board, issue shares in a specified aggregate nominal amount of up to 50% of the issued share capital of such company at the time the resolution becomes effective. The shareholders’ authorization becomes effective upon registration in the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) and may extend for a period of no more than five years thereafter. Our authorized capital is summarized below.

As of the date of this prospectus, our articles of association provide for the following authorized capital:

Authorized Capital 2018/I

Pursuant to paragraph 2 of section 4 of our articles of association, the management board is authorized until December 16, 2023 to increase, once or repeatedly and each time with the consent of the supervisory board, our share capital by up to a total amount of €7,311,792.00 through the issuance of up to 7,311,792 new no-par value bearer shares against contributions in cash and/or in kind, including claims against us (the “Authorized Capital 2018/I”). The subscriptions rights of the shareholders are excluded. The Authorized Capital 2018/I serves to fulfill acquisition rights (option rights) that have been granted by us (or our legal predecessors), prior to our conversion into a German stock corporation, to current and/or former managing directors and/or employees of the Company and/or its direct and indirect subsidiaries and to service providers, supporters or business partners of the Company and/or its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The Authorized Capital 2018/I also serves to issue shares in the Company to holders of shares in direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Company, including such shares in direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Company which are held in trust by their holders. The shares which will be created from the Authorized Capital 2018/I may only be issued for these purposes. A capital increase may be implemented only to the extent that the holders of option rights exercise their option rights, and as required to issue shares in the Company to holder of shares in direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Company, including such shares in direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Company which are held in trust by their holders.

 

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The issue amount of the new shares must be at least €1.00 per share and may be paid in cash or in kind, including claims against the Company. The management board, subject to the consent of the supervisory board, is authorized to determine any further details of the capital increase and its implementation, including the determination of the profit participation with respect to the new shares, which may, in deviation from Section 60 para. 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act, also include profit participation for the current fiscal year. To the extent that a member of the management board is entitled under the option rights, such determinations will be made exclusively by the supervisory board. The supervisory board is authorized to adjust the wording of the articles of association accordingly after the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2018/I or upon expiration of the period for the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2018/I.

Authorized Capital 2019/I

Pursuant to paragraph 5 of section 4 of our articles of association, the management board is authorized until February 14, 2024 (such date expected to be changed to March 31, 2024 based on a resolution by a shareholders’ meeting expected to be held on or about April 1, 2019) to increase, once or repeatedly and each time with the consent of the supervisory board, the share capital by up to a total amount of €42,713,696.00 through the issuance of up to 42,713,696 new no-par value bearer shares against contributions in cash and/or in kind, including claims against us (“Authorized Capital 2019/I”). The use of this authorization is subject to the condition precedent that an Initial Public Offering (as defined within this subsection below), has already taken place. This condition precedent does not apply if the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I occurs in order to offer the new shares in the context of an Initial Public Offering (as defined below) and/or in order to fulfill a Greenshoe Option (as defined within this subsection below) agreed on with the issuing banks in the context of the Initial Public Offering (as defined within this subsection below). In principle, the shareholders are to be granted a subscription right. The shares may also be subscribed for by one or more credit institution(s) or one or several enterprise(s) operating pursuant to § 53 para. 1 sentence 1 or § 53b para. 1 sentence 1 or para. 7 of the German Banking Act ( Gesetz über das Kreditwesen ) with the obligation to offer the shares to the shareholders of the Company pursuant to § 186 para. 5 of the German Stock Corporation Act (so-called indirect subscription right).

The subscription right of the shareholders is excluded for one or more capital increases in the context of the Authorized Capital 2019/I,

 

   

if the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I occurs in order to offer the new shares by way of a public offer in the United States of America and by way of a private placement in other jurisdictions outside of the United States of America, which offer may be made in the form of American Depository Shares representing such shares of the Company (“ADS”), in each case in connection with the listing of such shares and/or ADSs to trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), at a sale price to be determined by the management board which requires the consent of the supervisory board or of a committee formed by the supervisory board, (each “Initial Public Offering”); and/or

 

   

if the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I occurs in order to fulfil an option for the acquisition of additional new shares, which may be represented by ADSs (“Greenshoe Option”) agreed on with the issuing banks in the context of an Initial Public Offering of the Company if the issuing banks are provided with existing shares or ADSs – of existing shareholders in the course of a potential overallotment of shares or ADS and the issuing banks do not acquire a sufficient amount of shares or ADSs in the market in the course of stabilization measures in order to reduce these securities lendings – the issue price is required to correspond with the offer price of the shares or ADSs of the Company in the Initial Public Offering, whereby the offer price of the ADSs is to be multiplied with the number of ADSs representing one share in the Company; and/or

 

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A shareholders’ meeting of the Company expected to be held on or about April 1, 2019 is expected to adopt a resolution pursuant to which subscription rights may also be excluded in the context of the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I in the following cases:

 

   

if the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I occurs in order to issue up to a certain limited number of new shares of the Company to certain shareholders of the Company to fulfill their claims pursuant to an anti-dilution protection based on and in accordance with the post-conversion shareholders’ agreement regarding the Company and/or the Investment Agreement regarding the Company; and/or

 

   

if the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I occurs in order to issue up to a certain limited number of new shares of the Company to serve, at the discretion of the Company, the Virtual Restricted Stock Units granted under the VRSUP 2019 to members of the management board of the Company and employees of the Company as well as members of the management and employees of companies affiliated with the Company within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), respectively, their investment vehicles, subject to the details of the VRSUP 2019, in each case against contribution of the claims for payments originated under the Restricted Stock Units.

Such shareholders’ meeting of the Company is also expected to resolve that, in this case, the pro rata amount of the share capital attributable to the new shares issued may not exceed 10% of the share capital of the Company existing at the time of the adoption of the resolution on the amendment of the Authorized Capital 2019/I by the shareholders’ meeting expected to be held on or about April 1, 2019 and that towards this 10%-limit shall count the pro rata amount of the share capital attributable to any shares that were issued or transferred from authorized capital, conditional capital or from treasury shares to members of the management board of the Company and employees of the Company as well as members of the management and employees of companies affiliated with the Company within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), respectively, their investment vehicles, in the context of participation programs ever since such resolution of the shareholders’ meeting on the Authorized Capital 2019/I will have been adopted.

Further, the management board, with the consent of the supervisory board, is authorized to exclude the subscription rights of the shareholders for one or more capital increases in the context of the Authorized Capital 2019/I,

 

   

in order to exclude fractional amounts from the subscription right(s);

 

   

to the extent necessary to grant holders or creditors of convertible bonds, options, profit rights and/or profit bonds (or respective combinations of these instruments) (hereinafter together “Bonds”) with conversion or option rights and their corresponding conversion or option obligations, and which were or will be issued by the Company or a direct or indirect subsidiary, a subscription right to new no-par value bearer shares of the Company in the amount to which they would be entitled as shareholder after the exercise of the option or conversion rights, respectively after fulfillment of the conversion or option obligations or to the extent the Company exercises with regard to such Bonds its right to grant, totally or in part, shares of the Company in lieu of payment of the amount due;

 

   

to issue shares for cash contributions, provided that the issue price of the new shares is not significantly lower than the stock exchange price of the shares of the Company already listed on the stock exchange in the meaning of §§ 203 para. 1 and para. 2, 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act and that the proportional amount of the registered share capital attributable to the new shares issued under the exclusion of the subscription right in accordance with § 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act, does not exceed a total of 10% of the registered share capital of the Company, whether (a) at the time the Authorized Capital 2019/I comes into effect or (b), in case such amount is lower, at the time the Authorized Capital 2019/I is exercised. The above threshold of 10 % of the registered share capital shall also include the pro rata amount of the share capital attributable to any shares, (i) that are sold

 

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during the term of the Authorized Capital 2019/I on the basis of an authorization to sell treasury shares pursuant to § 71 para. 1 no. 8 sentence 5 second half sentence in conjunction with § 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act subject to the exclusion of shareholders’ subscription rights; (ii) that are issued to satisfy Bonds with conversion or option rights and their corresponding conversion or option obligations, provided that such Bonds were issued in analogous application of § 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act during the term of the Authorized Capital 2019/I subject to the exclusion of the shareholders’ subscription rights; (iii) that are issued during the term of the Authorized Capital 2019/I on the basis of other authorized capital, provided that such shares are issued subject to the exclusion of the shareholders’ subscription rights pursuant to § 203 para. 2 sentence 1 in conjunction with § 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act or on the basis of other capital measures subject to the exclusion of the shareholders’ subscription rights in analogous application of § 186 para. 3 sentence 4 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

 

   

to issue shares for contributions in kind, in particular – but not limited thereto – in the context of mergers or for the purpose of (including indirect) acquisition of companies, businesses, parts of companies, interests in companies or other assets, including claims against the Company or any of its group companies, or to satisfy Bonds issued for contributions in kind;

 

   

in order to distribute a dividend in kind, in the context of which shares of the Company (also in part or subject to election) may be issued against contribution of dividend claims (scrip dividend).

The management board is authorized, with the consent of the supervisory board, to determine any additional content of the rights attached to the shares and the conditions of the share issue. The supervisory board is authorized to adjust the wording of our articles of association accordingly after the utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I or upon expiry of the period for utilization of the Authorized Capital 2019/I.

Conditional Capital

As of the date of this prospectus, our articles of association provide for the following conditional capital:

Conditional Capital 2019/I

Pursuant to paragraph 3 of section 4 of our articles of association, our share capital is conditionally increased by up to €2,692,876.00 through issuance of up to 2,692,876 new no-par value ordinary bearer shares (“Conditional Capital 2019/I”). The Conditional Capital 2019/I may only be used to issue shares of the Company to fulfil the subscription rights for shares in the Company that have been or will be granted to members of our management board and employees as well as members of the management and employees of companies affiliated with us, within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act, in the form of stock options in accordance with the authorizing resolution of the shareholders’ meeting held on February 15, 2019. The conditional capital increase will only be implemented to the extent that (i) stock options have been or will be granted in accordance with the authorizing resolution of the shareholders’ meeting of February 15, 2019, (ii) the holders of the stock options exercise their rights and (iii) the Company does not deliver treasury shares to satisfy the stock options, whereas the supervisory board shall be exclusively competent regarding the granting and settlement of stock options to the members of the management board. The new no-par value bearer shares shall participate in the profits from the beginning of the financial year in which they are issued. A shareholders’ meeting of the Company expected to be held on or about April 1, 2019 is expected to adopt a resolution pursuant to which the pro rata amount of the share capital attributable to the new shares issued may not exceed 10% of the share capital of the Company existing at the time of the adoption of the resolution on the amendment of the Conditional Capital 2019/I by such shareholders’ meeting expected to be held on or about April 1, 2019 and that towards this 10% limit shall count the pro rata amount of the share capital attributable to any shares that were issued or transferred from authorized capital, conditional capital or from treasury shares to members of the management board of the Company and employees of the Company as well as members of the management and employees of companies affiliated with the Company within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), respectively, their investment vehicles, in the context of participation programs

 

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since such resolution of the shareholders’ meeting on the Conditional Capital 2019/I will have been adopted. The supervisory board is authorized to amend our articles of association accordingly after the respective utilization of the Conditional Capital 2019/I and upon the expiry of any and all exercise periods.

Conditional Capital 2019/II

Pursuant to paragraph 4 of section 4 of our articles of association, our share capital is conditionally increased by up to €47,332,612.00 through issuance of up to 47,332,612 new no-par value bearer shares (“Conditional Capital 2019/II”). The Conditional Capital 2019/II serves for the granting of shares on the exercise of conversion or option rights associated with the fulfilment of conversion or option obligations to the holders or creditors of convertible bonds, options, profit rights and/or profit bonds (or respective combinations of these instruments) (together “Bonds”) issued on the basis of the authorizing resolution of the shareholders’ meeting of February 15, 2019. The new shares are issued on the basis of the conversion or option price to be determined in accordance with the authorizing resolution of the shareholders’ meeting of February 15, 2019. The conditional capital increase will only be implemented (i) to the extent that the holders or creditors of Bonds which are issued or guaranteed by the Company, dependent companies or by companies in which the Company owns a majority interest either directly or indirectly, on the basis of the authorizing resolution of the shareholders’ meeting of February 15, 2019 until 14 February 2024, exercise their conversion or option rights to satisfy the conversion or option obligations under such Bonds, or (ii) to the extent the Company grants shares in the Company instead of paying the amount due as well as to the extent the conversion or option rights and their respective conversion or option obligations are not serviced by treasury shares but rather by shares from authorized capital or other consideration. The new shares participate in profits from the beginning of the financial year in which they are created and for all subsequent financial years. The management board is authorized to determine the further details of the implementation of the conditional capital increase under Conditional Capital 2019/II. The supervisory board is authorized to amend our articles of association accordingly after the respective utilization of the Conditional Capital 2019/II and upon expiration of all option or conversion periods.

Subscription Rights

According to the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ), every shareholder is generally entitled to subscription rights (commonly known as preemptive rights) to any new shares issued within the framework of a capital increase, including convertible bonds, bonds with warrants, profit sharing rights or income bonds in proportion to the number of shares the respective shareholder holds in the corporation’s existing share capital. Under German law, these rights do not apply to shares issued out of conditional capital. A minimum subscription period of two weeks must be provided for the exercise of such subscription rights.

Under German law, the shareholders’ meeting may pass a resolution excluding subscription rights if at least three-quarters of the share capital represented adopts the resolution. To exclude subscription rights, the management board must also make a report available to the shareholders justifying the exclusion and demonstrating that the company’s interest in excluding the subscription rights outweighs the shareholders’ interest in having them. Such justification may be subject to judicial review. Accordingly, under German law, the exclusion of subscription rights upon the issuance of new shares is permitted, in particular, if we increase the share capital against cash contributions, if the amount of the capital increase does not exceed 10% of the existing share capital and the issue price of the new shares is not significantly lower than the market price of our shares (for this purpose, the market price may also be considered the market price of an ADS listed on the NYSE divided by the number of our shares or the fraction of one of our shares represented by an ADS, as the case may be).

The authorization of the management board to issue convertible bonds or other securities convertible into shares must be limited to a period not exceeding five years as of the respective shareholder resolution.

Shareholders’ Meetings, Resolutions and Voting Rights

Pursuant to our articles of association, shareholders’ meetings may be held at our registered seat or at the place of a German stock exchange. In general, shareholders’ meetings are convened by our management board.

 

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The supervisory board is additionally required to convene a shareholders’ meeting in cases where this is required under binding statutory law (i.e., if this is in the best interest of our company). In addition, shareholders who, individually or as a group, own at least 5% of our share capital may request that our management board convene a shareholders’ meeting. If our management board does not convene a shareholders’ meeting upon such a request, the shareholders may petition the competent German court for authorization to convene a shareholders’ meeting.

Pursuant to our articles of association, the convening notice for a shareholders’ meeting must be made public at least 36 days prior to the meeting. Shareholders who, individually or as a group, own at least 5% or €500,000 of our share capital may require that modified or additional items be added to the agenda of the shareholders’ meeting. For each new item, an explanation of the requested change must be provided or a voting proposal ( Beschlussvorlage ). Any request for an amendment of the agenda of the shareholders’ meeting must be received by the Company within 30 days prior to the meeting. The Company must publish any requests for the amendment of the agenda of the shareholders’ meeting immediately. Under German law, our annual general shareholders’ meeting must take place within the first eight months of each fiscal year. Among other things, the general shareholders’ meeting is required to decide on the following issues:

 

   

appropriation and use of annual net income;

 

   

discharge or ratification of the actions taken by the members of our management board and our supervisory board;

 

   

the approval of our statutory auditors;

 

   

increases or decreases in our share capital;

 

   

the election of supervisory board members; and

 

   

to the extent legally required, the approval of our financial statements.

Each ordinary share grants one vote in a shareholders’ meeting. Voting rights may be exercised by authorized proxies, which may be appointed by the Company ( Stimmrechtsvertreter ). The granting of a power of attorney must be made in text form. Generally, the shareholder or an authorized proxy must be present at the shareholders’ meeting to cast a vote. However, under the Company’s articles of association, the management board may determine in the invitation to the shareholders’ meeting that shareholders may submit their votes in writing or by means of electronic communication without attending the shareholders’ meeting in person.

Our articles of association provide in Section 18 that the resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting are adopted by a simple majority of the votes cast. To the extent required by law, certain resolutions may have to be approved by a simple majority of share capital represented at the meeting, in addition to the majority of votes cast.

Neither German law nor our articles of association provide for a minimum participation requirement to form a quorum at our shareholders’ meetings.

Under German law, certain resolutions of fundamental importance require the vote of at least three-quarters of the share capital present or represented in the voting at the time of adoption of the resolution. Resolutions of fundamental importance include, in particular, capital increases with exclusion of subscription rights, capital decreases, the creation of authorized or conditional share capital, the dissolution of a company, a merger into or with another company, split-offs and split-ups, the conclusion of inter-company agreements ( Unternehmensverträge ) as defined in the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ) (in particular domination agreements ( Beherrschungsverträge ) and profit and loss transfer agreements ( Ergebnisabführungsverträge )), and a change of the legal form of a company.

Dividends

Under German law, distributions of dividends on shares for a given fiscal year are generally determined by a process in which the management board and supervisory board submit a proposal to our annual general shareholders’ meeting held in the subsequent fiscal year and such annual general shareholders’ meeting adopts a resolution.

 

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German law provides that a resolution concerning dividends and distribution thereof may be adopted only if the company’s unconsolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with German law show net retained profits. In determining the profit available for distribution, the result for the relevant year must be adjusted for profits and losses brought forward from the previous year and for withdrawals from or transfers to reserves. Certain reserves are required by law and must be deducted when calculating the profit available for distribution.

Shareholders participate in profit distributions in proportion to the number of shares they hold. Dividends on shares resolved by the general shareholders’ meeting are paid annually, shortly after the general shareholders’ meeting, in compliance with the rules of the respective clearing system. Dividend payment claims are subject to a three-year statute of limitation in the company’s favor.

Liquidation Rights

Apart from liquidation as a result of insolvency proceedings, we may be liquidated only with a vote of the holders of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented at the shareholders’ meeting at which such a vote is taken. If we are liquidated, any assets remaining after all of our liabilities have been paid off would be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to their holdings in accordance with German statutory law. The German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ) provides certain protections for creditors which must be observed in the event of liquidation.

Authorization to Acquire Our Own Shares

We may not acquire our own shares unless authorized by the shareholders’ meeting or in other very limited circumstances as set out in the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ). Shareholders may not grant a share repurchase authorization lasting for more than five years. The German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ) generally limits repurchases to 10% of our share capital and resales must generally be made either on a stock exchange, in a manner that treats all shareholders equally, or in accordance with the rules that apply to subscription rights relating to a capital increase.

The shareholders’ meeting adopted a resolution on February 15, 2019 authorizing the management board, for a period until February 14, 2024, subject to the consent of the supervisory board and provided it complies with the legal requirement of equal treatment, to purchase our shares in an amount up to 10% of our total share capital existing on February 28, 2019 or—if the relevant amount is lower—the total share capital existing at the time the authorization is exercised. At the discretion of the management board, such purchase may be effected on the stock market or by means of a public offer or a public solicitation to submit sales offers.

The management board is authorized to generally use treasury shares for all legally permissible purposes.

Squeeze-Out of Minority Shareholders

Under German law, the shareholders’ meeting of a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) may resolve upon request of a shareholder that holds at least 95% of the share capital that the shares held by any remaining minority shareholders be transferred to this shareholder against payment of “adequate cash compensation” ( Ausschluss von Minderheitsaktionären ). This amount must take into account the full value of the company at the time of the resolution, which is generally determined using the future earnings value method ( Ertragswertmethode ).

A squeeze-out in the context of a merger ( umwandlungsrechtlicher Squeeze-Out ) only requires a majority shareholder to hold at least 90% of the share capital.

Shareholder Notification Requirements

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capital exceed or fall below 25% and/or 50%, respectively, in the capital or voting rights. Following receipt of the written notification, the corporation has to publish this information immediately in the relevant publication media.

Objective of Our Company

Our business purpose, as described in article 2 of our articles of association, is the direct or indirect management of our own assets, in particular the incorporation of new companies or the acquisition of existing companies, the development and implementation of new business concepts, the acquisition, management and disposition of shares in other companies and legal entities in Germany or abroad as well as the provision of consulting and other services, in particular with a focus on areas as diverse as Internet, online services, e-commerce, telecommunications, media, news media, technologies, software, IT services, marketing, sales, recruitment, financing, programming, project management and start-up and growth companies. We may engage in all measures that relate to or appear, directly or indirectly, conducive to achieving the objective of our company. In particular, we may establish, acquire or take participating interests in other companies.

Registration of the Company with Commercial Register

We are a German stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) that is organized under the laws of Germany. On January 31, 2019, our company was registered in the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, under the number HRB 203542 B.

Differences in Corporate Law

The applicable provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain differences between the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) applicable to us and the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders’ rights and protections.

 

   

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Board System  

Under German law, a stock corporation has a two-tier board structure composed of the management board ( Vorstand ) and the supervisory board ( Aufsichtsrat ).

 

The management board is responsible for running the company’s affairs and representing the company in dealings with third parties.

  Under Delaware law, a corporation has a unitary board structure and it is the responsibility of the board of directors to appoint and oversee the management of the corporation on behalf of and in the best interests of the shareholders of the corporation.
    Management is responsible for running the corporation and overseeing its day-to-day operations.
  The supervisory board of a German stock corporation has a control and supervising function. The supervisory board does not actively manage the company but certain management board actions require the approval of the supervisory board.  

 

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Number of Board Members / Directors

  Under German law, a stock corporation must have at least one member on its management board and the number of members shall be determined by or in the manner provided in the company’s articles of association.   Under Delaware law, a corporation must have at least one director and the number of directors shall be fixed by or in the manner provided in the bylaws.
  A stock corporation must have at least three but no more than 21 supervisory board members, whereby the number of supervisory board members must be divisible by three. The articles of association of the company must specify if the supervisory board has more than three members.  
  Supervisory board members are either appointed by the shareholders’ meeting or delegated by one or more individual shareholders if so provided for in the company’s articles of association.  
  Depending on the number of employees of the company, the supervisory board may be required to include employee representatives subject to the provisions of the German One-Third Employee Representation Act ( Drittelbeteiligungsgesetz ), which applies to companies that have at least 500 employees, or the German Codetermination Act ( Mitbestimmungsgesetz ), which applies to companies that have at least 2,000 employees. Such rules result in different appointment rules for supervisory board members, i.e., in companies which are subject to the German One-Third Employee Representation Act ( Drittelbeteiligungsgesetz ) two-thirds of supervisory board members are representatives of the shareholders, while one-third are representatives of the employees. In companies which are subject to the German Codetermination Act ( Mitbestimmungsgesetz ) the rule of  

 

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  parity applies, i.e., half of the supervisory board members are representatives of the shareholders and the other half are representatives of the employees. In cases of dead lock, the chairman has a casting vote. The employee representatives in the supervisory board are elected by the employees following certain procedures depending on the number of employees.  
  Additionally, as of January 1, 2016, 30% of the supervisory board members must be women in cases where the company is a fully co-determined ( voll mitbestimmungspflichtige ) company, which requires that the company has at least 2,000 employees.  

Appointment and Removal of Board Members / Directors

  The management board of a German stock corporation is appointed by the supervisory board for a maximum period of five years with an opportunity to be reelected. The supervisory board may remove a member of the management board prior to the expiration of his or her term only for good cause, such as gross breach of duties ( grobe Pflichtverletzung ), the inability to manage the business properly ( Unfähigkeit zur ordnungsgemäßen Pflichtverletzung ) or a vote of no confidence during the shareholders’ meeting ( Vertrauensentzug ). The shareholders themselves are not entitled to appoint or dismiss the members of the management board.   Under Delaware law, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except (a) unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, in the case of a corporation whose board of directors is classified, shareholders may effect such removal only for cause, or (b) in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board of directors is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal would be sufficient to elect him if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors, or, if there are classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which he is a part.
  Under German law, a member of a supervisory board may be elected for a term of up to approximately five years (except for the first supervisory board of a newly incorporated company which may only be elected for a term of approximately one year), depending on the date of the annual shareholders’ meeting at

 

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  which such member is elected, which is the standard term of office. Reelection, including repeated reelection, is permissible. Prior to the expiration of his or her term, supervisory board members which have been appointed by the shareholders’ meeting may be removed by a resolution of the shareholders’ meeting requiring a three-quarter majority, unless otherwise provided by the company’s articles of association.  
  Supervisory board members who are delegated by a shareholder or the company’s employees may be revoked and the resulting vacancy filled at the sole discretion of such shareholder or the employees.  
Vacancies on the Boards   Under German law, vacant positions on the management board are filled by the supervisory board in accordance with the general rules of appointment, which provide that vacancies are filled by the simple majority of supervisory board votes cast, unless otherwise provided by the company’s articles of association. In case of emergencies, a vacant position on the management board may be filled by an individual appointed by the court.   Under Delaware law, vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director unless (a) otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation or (b) the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case a majority of the other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy.
 

 

Vacant positions on the supervisory board are filled in accordance with the general rules of appointment. If the number of supervisory board members falls below three, the statutory minimum required, the vacant position on the supervisory board may be filled by an individual appointed by the court.

Annual Shareholders’ Meeting   Under German law, a stock corporation must hold an annual shareholders’ meeting within eight months of the end of its fiscal year. The annual shareholders’ meeting must be held in Germany at a location determined by the articles of association. If the articles of association do not provide for a   Under Delaware law, the annual meeting of shareholders shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or as provided in the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.

 

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  specific location, the shareholders’ meeting shall be held at the company’s seat or, if applicable, at the venue where its shares are listed.  
Calling of Shareholders’ Meetings   Under German law, extraordinary shareholders’ meetings, in addition to the annual shareholders’ meetings, may be called by either the management board, or by the supervisory board if it is in the best interest of the company.   Under Delaware law, special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.
  Shareholders holding at least 5% of the company’s share capital are entitled to request that the management board convene an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting and may also address their request to the court, which then may authorize the requesting minority shareholders to convene a special meeting by themselves.  
Notice of Shareholders’ Meetings   Under German law, unless a longer period is otherwise provided for in the articles of association, the shareholders must be given at least 30 days’ advance notice of the shareholders’ meeting.   Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, written notice of any meeting of the shareholders must be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting and shall specify the place, date, hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting.
 

 

Such notices must at least specify the name of the company, the statutory seat of the company, as well as the location, date and time of the shareholders’ meeting. In addition, the invitation must contain the agenda items as well as the management board’s and the supervisory board’s voting proposal for each agenda item.

  If all shareholders entitled to attend the shareholders’ meeting are present or represented and provide their consent thereto, the formalities of calling and holding of a shareholders’ meeting can be waived.

 

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Proxy Voting   Under German law, a shareholder may designate another person to attend, speak and vote at a shareholders’ meeting of the company on such shareholder’s behalf by proxy.  

Under Delaware law, at any meeting of shareholders, a shareholder may designate another person to act for such shareholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

 

A director of a Delaware corporation may not issue a proxy representing the director’s voting rights as a director.

 

 

With respect to management board meetings, a management board member may issue a proxy to another management board member representing the member’s voting rights as a management board member.

 

 

With respect to supervisory board meetings, a supervisory board member may participate in voting by issuing a written vote to another supervisory board member or third party entitled to attend the supervisory board meeting.

Preemptive / Subscription Rights   Under German law, existing shareholders have a statutory subscription right for any additional issue of shares or any security convertible into shares pro rata to the nominal value of their respective holdings in the company, unless (i) shareholders representing three quarters of the registered share capital present at the shareholders’ meeting have resolved upon the whole or partial exclusion of the subscription right and (ii) there exists good and objective cause for such exclusion. No separate resolution on the exclusion of subscription rights is required if all shareholders waive their statutory subscription rights.   Under Delaware law, shareholders have no preemptive rights to subscribe to additional issuances of stock or to any security convertible into such stock unless, and except to the extent that, such rights are expressly provided for in the certificate of incorporation.
Authority to Allot   Under German law, the management board may not allot shares, grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares unless a shareholder resolution to that effect has been passed at the company’s shareholders’ meeting granting the management board with such authority—subject to the approval   Under Delaware law, if the corporation’s certificate of incorporation so provides, the board of directors has the power to authorize the issuance of stock. It may authorize capital stock to be issued for consideration consisting of cash, any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the corporation or any combination

 

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  of the supervisory board—, in each case in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act.   thereof. It may determine the amount of such consideration by approving a formula. In the absence of actual fraud in the transaction, the judgment of the directors as to the value of such consideration is conclusive.
Voting Rights   Under German law, each share, except statutory preferred shares ( Vorzugsaktien ), entitles its holder to vote at the shareholders’ meeting and to participate with such number of votes with respect to one share which correspond to the quota of such share in the company’s share capital. While German law does not provide for a minimum attendance quorum for shareholders’ meetings, the company’s articles of association may so provide. In general, resolutions adopted at a shareholders’ meeting may be passed by a simple majority of votes cast, unless a higher majority is required by law.   Delaware law provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such shareholder.

Shareholder Vote on Certain Transactions

  Under German law, certain shareholders’ resolutions of fundamental importance require the vote of at least three-quarters of the share capital present or represented in the voting at the time of adoption of the resolution. Resolutions of fundamental importance include, in particular, capital increases with exclusion of subscription rights, capital decreases, the creation of authorized or conditional share capital, the dissolution of a company, a merger into or with another company, split-offs and split-ups, the conclusion of intercompany agreements ( Unternehmensverträge ), in particular control agreements ( Beherrschungsverträge ) and profit and loss transfer agreements ( Ergebnisabführungsverträge ), and a change of the legal form of a company.  

Generally, under Delaware law, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for the vote of a larger portion of the stock, completion of a merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets or dissolution requires:

 

•   the approval of the board of directors; and

 

•   approval by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock or, if the certificate of incorporation provides for more or less than one vote per share, a majority of the votes of the outstanding stock of a corporation entitled to vote on the matter.

 

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Liability of Directors and Officers  

Under German law, any provision, whether contained in the company’s articles of association or any contract or otherwise, that purports to exempt a management or supervisory board member from any liability that would otherwise attach to such board member in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company is void.

 

Under German law, members of both the management board and members of the supervisory board are liable to the company, and in certain cases to third parties or shareholders, for any damage caused to them due to a breach of such member’s duty of care. Apart from insolvency or special circumstances, only the company has the right to claim damages from members of either board.

 

The company may waive claims for damages against a negligent management or supervisory board member only after the expiry of three years.

 

Under Delaware law, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may include a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation and its shareholders for damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However, no provision can limit the liability of a director for:

 

•   any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders;

 

•   acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

 

•   intentional or negligent payment of unlawful dividends or stock purchases or redemptions; or

 

•   any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit.

Standard of Conduct for Directors and Officers

 

Under German law, both management and supervisory board members must conduct their affairs with “the care and diligence of a prudent business man” and act in the best interests of the company. The scope of the fiduciary duties of management and supervisory board members is generally determined by German legislation and by the German courts.

 

Statutory and fiduciary duties of members of the management board to the company include, among others:

 

•   to act in accordance with the law, the company’s articles of association and the rules of

 

Delaware law does not contain specific provisions setting forth the standard of conduct of a director. The scope of the fiduciary duties of directors is generally determined by the courts of the State of Delaware. In general, directors have a duty to act without self-interest, on a well-informed basis and in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interest of the shareholders.

 

Directors of a Delaware corporation owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and to its shareholders. The duty of care generally requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would

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procedure for the management board, if any;

 

•   to report to the supervisory board on a regular basis as well as on certain important occasions;

 

•   to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence;

 

•   to maintain a proper accounting system;

 

•   to not compete, directly or indirectly, with the company without permission by the supervisory board; and

 

•   to secure that no further transactions are made in case of insolvency.

 

Members of the supervisory board owe substantially the same statutory and fiduciary duties to the company as members of the management board.

 

Additionally, their duties include:

 

•   to effectively supervise the company’s affairs and the management board;

 

•   to evaluate and issue a resolution on certain transactions which can only be conducted by the management board after approval of the supervisory board;

 

director must inform himself of all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.

 

The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. In general, but subject to certain exceptions, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Delaware courts have also imposed a heightened standard of conduct upon directors of a Delaware corporation who take any action designed to defeat a threatened change in control of the corporation.

 

In addition, under Delaware law, when the board of directors of a Delaware corporation approves the sale or breakup of a corporation, the board of directors may, in certain circumstances, have a duty to obtain the highest value reasonably available to the shareholders.

 

•   to approve the company’s financial statements;

 
 

•   to appoint the management board members and to represent the company in transactions between the company and members of the management board; and

 
 

•   to approve service contracts between individual members of the supervisory board and the company.

 

 

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Shareholder Suits   Under German law, generally, the company, rather than its shareholders, is the proper claimant in an action with respect to a wrong committed against the company, or in cases where there is an irregularity in the company’s internal management or supervision. Therefore, such claims may only be raised by the company represented by its management board, or, in the case of a wrong committed by a member of the management board, by the supervisory board.  

Under Delaware law, a shareholder may initiate a derivative action to enforce a right of a corporation if the corporation fails to enforce the right itself. The complaint must:

 

•   state that the plaintiff was a shareholder at the time of the transaction of which the plaintiff complains or that the plaintiff’s shares thereafter devolved on the plaintiff by operation of law; and

 

•   allege with particularity the efforts made by the plaintiff to obtain the action the plaintiff desires from the directors and the reasons for the plaintiff’s failure to obtain the action; or

 

•   state the reasons for not making the effort.

 

Additionally, the plaintiff must remain a shareholder through the duration of the derivative suit. The action will not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the Delaware Court of Chancery.

 

 

Additionally, pursuant to German case law the supervisory board is obliged to pursue the company’s claims against the management board, unless the welfare of the company keeps them from doing so.

 

 

The management board, or, if a claim is against a member of the management board, the supervisory board, is obliged to pursue the company’s claims against the designated individuals if so resolved by a simple majority of votes cast during a shareholders meeting.

  With a simple majority of votes, shareholders can request that a representative pursues the claim on behalf of the company.  
  If the company is unable to fulfill its third-party obligations, the company’s creditors may pursue the company’s damage claims against members of the management board for certain wrongdoings.  
  Under certain circumstances, shareholders can bring forward damage claims of the company against its management on their own behalf. In order to bring forward such a claim one  

 

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  shareholder alone or together with other shareholders needs to hold at least 1% of the company’s share capital or a participation of €100,000 in the share capital. Additionally, the claimant needs to pass through special claim approval procedures.  

 

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DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

American Depositary Shares

The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, will register and deliver ADSs. Each ADS will represent two ordinary shares (or a right to receive two ordinary shares) deposited with The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, as custodian for the depositary. Each ADS will also represent any other securities, cash or other property which may be held by the depositary. The deposited shares together with any other securities, cash or other property held by the depositary are referred to as the deposited securities. The depositary’s office at which the ADSs will be administered and its principal executive office are located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286.

You may hold ADSs either (a) directly (i) by having an ADR, which is a certificate evidencing a specific number of ADSs, registered in your name, or (ii) by having uncertificated ADSs registered in your name, or (b) indirectly by holding a security entitlement in ADSs through your broker or other financial institution that is a direct or indirect participant in The Depository Trust Company, also called DTC. If you hold ADSs directly, you are a registered ADS holder (“ADS holder”). If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution for more information regarding those products. Registered holders of uncertificated ADSs will receive statements from the depositary confirming their holdings.

As an ADS holder, we will not treat you as one of our shareholders and you will not have shareholder rights. German law governs shareholder rights. The depositary will be the holder of the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs. As a registered holder of ADSs, you will have ADS holder rights. A deposit agreement among us, the depositary, ADS holders and all other persons indirectly or beneficially holding ADSs sets out ADS holder rights as well as the rights and obligations of the depositary. New York law governs the deposit agreement and the ADSs.

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the deposit agreement. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR. Directions on how to obtain copies of those documents are described in “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares?

The depositary has agreed to pay or distribute to ADS holders the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities, upon payment or deduction of its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of shares your ADSs represent.

Cash . The depositary will convert any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on our ordinary shares into U.S. dollars, if it can do so on a reasonable basis and can transfer the U.S. dollars to the United States. If that is not possible or if any government approval is needed and cannot be obtained, the deposit agreement allows the depositary to distribute the foreign currency only to those ADS holders to whom it is possible to do so. It will hold the foreign currency it cannot convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid. It will not invest the foreign currency and it will not be liable for any interest.

Before making a distribution, any withholding taxes, or other governmental charges that must be paid will be deducted. See “Taxation.” The depositary will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents and will round fractional cents to the nearest whole cent. If the exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert the foreign currency, you may lose some of the value of the distribution.

 

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Shares . The depositary may distribute additional ADSs representing any ordinary shares we distribute as a dividend or free distribution. The depositary will only distribute whole ADSs. It will sell ordinary shares which would require it to deliver a fraction of an ADS (or ADSs representing those shares) and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash. If the depositary does not distribute additional ADSs, the outstanding ADSs will also represent the new shares. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed ordinary shares (or ADSs representing those shares) sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.

Rights to purchase additional shares . If we offer holders of our securities any rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares or any other rights, the depositary may (i) exercise those rights on behalf of ADS holders, (ii) distribute those rights to ADS holders or (iii) sell those rights and distribute the net proceeds to ADS holders, in each case after deduction or upon payment of its fees and expenses. To the extent the depositary does not do any of those things, it will allow the rights to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them. The depositary will exercise or distribute rights only if we ask it to and provide satisfactory assurances to the depositary that it is legal to do so. If the depositary will exercise rights, it will purchase the securities to which the rights relate and distribute those securities or, in the case of shares, new ADSs representing the new shares, to subscribing ADS holders, but only if ADS holders have paid the exercise price to the depositary. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute rights or ADSs or other securities issued on exercise of rights to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.

There can be no assurance that you will be given the opportunity to exercise rights on the same terms and conditions as the holders of our ordinary shares or be able to exercise such rights at all.

Other Distributions. The depositary will send to ADS holders anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it thinks is legal, equitable and practical. If it cannot make the distribution in that way, the depositary has a choice. It may decide to sell what we distributed and distribute the net proceeds, in the same way as it does with cash. Or, it may decide to hold what we distributed, in which case ADSs will also represent the newly distributed property. However, the depositary is not required to distribute any securities (other than ADSs) to ADS holders unless it receives satisfactory evidence from us that it is legal to make that distribution. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed securities or property sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute securities to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.

The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders. We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you.

Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How are ADSs issued?

The depositary will deliver ADSs if you or your broker deposits shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs to or upon the order of the person or persons that made the deposit.

How can ADS holders withdraw the deposited securities?

You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary for the purpose of withdrawal. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary

 

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will deliver the ordinary shares and any other deposited securities underlying the ADSs to the ADS holder or a person the ADS holder designates at the office of the custodian. Or, at your request, risk and expense, the depositary will deliver the deposited securities at its office, if feasible. The depositary may charge you a fee and its expenses for instructing the custodian regarding delivery of deposited securities.

How do ADS holders interchange between certificated ADSs and uncertificated ADSs?

You may surrender your ADR to the depositary for the purpose of exchanging your ADR for uncertificated ADSs. The depositary will cancel that ADR and will send to the ADS holder a statement confirming that the ADS holder is the registered holder of uncertificated ADSs. Upon receipt by the depositary of a proper instruction from a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs requesting the exchange of uncertificated ADSs for certificated ADSs, the depositary will execute and deliver to the ADS holder an ADR evidencing those ADSs.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote the number of deposited ordinary shares their ADSs represent at any meeting at which you are entitled to vote pursuant to applicable law and our articles of association. Upon receipt of notice of any shareholders’ meeting, the depositary will notify you of such shareholders’ meeting and send or make voting materials available to you. Those materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote. For instructions to be valid, they must reach the depositary by a date set by the depositary. The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to the laws of Germany and the provisions of our articles of association or similar documents, to vote or to have its agents vote the ordinary shares or other deposited securities as instructed by ADS holders. If we do not request the depositary to solicit your voting instructions, you can still send voting instructions, and, in that case, the depositary may try to vote as you instruct, but it is not required to do so.

Except by instructing the depositary as described above, you will not be able to exercise voting rights unless you surrender your ADSs and withdraw the ordinary shares. However, you may not know about the meeting enough in advance to withdraw the ordinary shares. In any event, the depositary will not exercise any discretion in voting deposited securities and it will only vote or attempt to vote as instructed.

We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your ordinary shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise voting rights and there may be nothing you can do if your ordinary shares are not voted as you requested.

In order to give you a reasonable opportunity to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to Deposited Securities, if we request the depositary to act, we agree to give the depositary notice of any such meeting and details concerning the matters to be voted upon at least 40 days in advance of the meeting date.

The depositary will not vote or attempt to exercise the right to vote or exercise any voting discretion, other than in accordance with such instructions received or deemed to have been received from any ADS holder.

If we asked the depositary to solicit your instructions at least 40 days before the meeting date but the depositary does not receive voting instructions from you by the specified date, and we confirm to the depositary that:

 

   

we wish to receive a discretionary proxy,

 

   

as of the instruction cutoff date, we reasonably do not know of any substantial shareholder opposition to the particular question and

 

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the particular question would not be materially adverse to the interests of our shareholders,

then the depositary will consider you to have authorized and directed it to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote the number of deposited securities represented by your ADSs as to that question.

Fees and Expenses

 

Persons depositing or withdrawing

shares or ADS holders must pay:

  

For:

$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)    Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property
   Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
$0.05 (or less) per ADS    Any cash distribution to ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs    Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities (including rights) that are distributed by the depositary to ADS holders
$0.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year    Depositary services
Registration or transfer fees    Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the depositary    Cable and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)
   Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars
Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian has to pay on any ADSs or shares underlying ADSs, such as stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes    As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities    As necessary

The depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing ordinary shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable (or by selling a portion of securities or other property distributable) to ADS holders that are obligated to pay those fees. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

From time to time, the depositary may make payments to us to reimburse us for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program, waive fees and expenses for services provided to us by the depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders. In

 

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performing its duties under the deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency dealers or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

The depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the deposit agreement and the rate that the depositary or its affiliate receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the deposit agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to ADS holders, subject to the depositary’s obligations under the deposit agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

Payment of Taxes

You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable on your ADSs or on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs. The depositary may refuse to register any transfer of your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities represented by your ADSs until those taxes or other charges are paid. It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities represented by your ADSs to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency. If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to ADS holders any proceeds, or send to ADS holders any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes.

Tender and Exchange Offers; Redemption, Replacement or Cancellation of Deposited Securities

The depositary will not tender deposited securities in any voluntary tender or exchange offer unless instructed to do by an ADS holder surrendering ADSs and subject to any conditions or procedures the depositary may establish. If deposited securities are redeemed for cash in a transaction that is mandatory for the depositary as a holder of deposited securities, the depositary will call for surrender of a corresponding number of ADSs and distribute the net redemption money to the holders of called ADSs upon surrender of those ADSs. If there is any change in the deposited securities such as a subdivision, combination or other reclassification, or any merger, consolidation, recapitalization or reorganization affecting the issuer of deposited securities in which the depositary receives new securities in exchange for or in lieu of the old deposited securities, the depositary will hold those replacement securities as deposited securities under the deposit agreement. However, if the depositary decides it would not be lawful to hold the replacement securities because those securities could not be distributed to ADS holders or for any other reason, the depositary may instead sell the replacement securities and distribute the net proceeds upon surrender of the ADSs.

If there is a replacement of the deposited securities and the depositary will continue to hold the replacement securities, the depositary may distribute new ADSs representing the new deposited securities or ask you to surrender your outstanding ADRs in exchange for new ADRs identifying the new deposited securities.

If there are no deposited securities underlying ADSs, including if the deposited securities are cancelled, or if the deposited securities underlying ADSs have become apparently worthless, the depositary may call for surrender of those ADSs or cancel those ADSs upon notice to the ADS holders.

 

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Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADRs without your consent for any reason. If an amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges or expenses of the depositary for registration fees, facsimile costs, delivery charges or similar items, or prejudices a substantial right of ADS holders, it will not become effective for outstanding ADSs until 30 days after the depositary notifies ADS holders of the amendment. At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADSs, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADRs and the deposit agreement as amended.

How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

The depositary will initiate termination of the deposit agreement if we instruct it to do so. The depositary may initiate termination of the deposit agreement if

 

   

60 days have passed since the depositary told us it wants to resign but a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment;

 

   

we delist our shares from an exchange on which they were listed and do not list the shares on another exchange;

 

   

we appear to be insolvent or enter insolvency proceedings;

 

   

all or substantially all the value of the deposited securities has been distributed either in cash or in the form of securities;

 

   

there are no deposited securities underlying the ADSs or the underlying deposited securities have become apparently worthless; or

 

   

there has been a replacement of deposited securities.

If the deposit agreement will terminate, the depositary will notify ADS holders at least 90 days before the termination date. At any time after the termination date, the depositary may sell the deposited securities. After that, the depositary will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the deposit agreement, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that have not surrendered their ADSs. Normally, the depositary will sell as soon as practicable after the termination date.

After the termination date and before the depositary sells, ADS holders can still surrender their ADSs and receive delivery of deposited securities, except that the depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing deposited securities if it would interfere with the selling process. The depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing sale proceeds until all the deposited securities have been sold. The depositary will continue to collect distributions on deposited securities, but, after the termination date, the depositary is not required to register any transfer of ADSs or distribute any dividends or other distributions on deposited securities to the ADSs holder (until they surrender their ADSs) or give any notices or perform any other duties under the deposit agreement except as described in this paragraph.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability

Limits on our Obligations and the Obligations of the Depositary; Limits on Liability to Holders of ADSs

The deposit agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of the depositary. It also limits our liability and the liability of the depositary. We and the depositary:

 

   

are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the deposit agreement without negligence or bad faith and the depositary will not be a fiduciary or have any fiduciary duty to holders of ADSs;

 

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are not liable if we are or it is prevented or delayed by law or by events or circumstances beyond our or its control from performing our or its obligations under the deposit agreement;

 

   

are not liable if we or it exercises discretion permitted under the deposit agreement;

 

   

are not liable for the inability of any holder of ADSs to benefit from any distribution on deposited securities that is not made available to holders of ADSs under the terms of the deposit agreement, or for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the deposit agreement;

 

   

have no obligation to become involved in a lawsuit or other proceeding related to the ADSs or the deposit agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other person;

 

   

are not liable for the acts or omissions of any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system;

 

   

may rely upon any documents we believe or it believes in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person; and

 

   

the depositary has no duty to make any determination or provide any information as to our tax status, or any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by ADS holders as a result of owning or holding ADSs or be liable for the inability or failure of an ADS holder to obtain the benefit of a foreign tax credit, reduced rate of withholding or refund of amounts withheld in respect of tax or any other tax benefit.

In the deposit agreement, we and the depositary agree to indemnify each other under certain circumstances.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

Before the depositary will deliver or register a transfer of ADSs, make a distribution on ADSs, or permit withdrawal of ordinary shares, the depositary may require:

 

   

payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any shares or other deposited securities;

 

   

satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and

 

   

compliance with regulations it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including presentation of transfer documents.

The depositary may refuse to deliver ADSs or register transfers of ADSs when the transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books are closed or at any time if the depositary or we think it advisable to do so.

Your Right to Receive the Shares Underlying your ADSs

ADS holders have the right to cancel their ADSs and withdraw the underlying ordinary shares at any time except:

 

   

when temporary delays arise because: (i) the depositary has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (ii) the transfer of ordinary shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders’ meeting; or (iii) we are paying a dividend on our ordinary shares;

 

   

when you owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; or

 

   

when it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of shares or other deposited securities.

This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

 

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Direct Registration System

In the deposit agreement, all parties to the deposit agreement acknowledge that the Direct Registration System (“DRS”) and Profile Modification System (“Profile”) will apply to the ADSs. DRS is a system administered by DTC that facilitates interchange between registered holding of uncertificated ADSs and holding of security entitlements in ADSs through DTC and a DTC participant. Profile is a feature of DRS that allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs, to direct the depositary to register a transfer of those ADSs to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those ADSs to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the depositary of prior authorization from the ADS holder to register that transfer.

In connection with and in accordance with the arrangements and procedures relating to DRS/Profile, the parties to the deposit agreement understand that the depositary will not determine whether the DTC participant that is claiming to be acting on behalf of an ADS holder in requesting registration of transfer and delivery as described in the paragraph above has the actual authority to act on behalf of the ADS holder (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). In the deposit agreement, the parties agree that the depositary’s reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the depositary through the DRS/Profile system and in accordance with the deposit agreement will not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the depositary.

Shareholder Communications; Inspection of Register of Holders of ADSs

The depositary will make available for your inspection at its office all communications that it receives from us as a holder of deposited securities that we make generally available to holders of deposited securities. The depositary will send you copies of those communications or otherwise make those communications available to you if we ask it to. You have a right to inspect the register of holders of ADSs, but not for the purpose of contacting those holders about a matter unrelated to our business or the ADSs.

Jury Trial Waiver

The deposit agreement provides that, to the extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver is enforceable in the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with applicable case law.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Upon completion of this offering, the closing of the Concurrent Private Placement and the issuance of the Anti-Dilution Shares, we will have 13,500,000 ADSs outstanding, representing approximately 17.6% of our outstanding ordinary shares or, if the underwriters exercise in full their option to buy additional ADSs, 15,525,000 ADSs outstanding representing approximately 19.8% of our outstanding ordinary shares. All of the ADSs sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than by our “affiliates” without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or ADSs in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our ADSs.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ADSs or our ordinary shares in the United States, and although we have been approved to list the ADSs on the NYSE, we cannot assure you that a regular trading market for the ADSs will develop. We do not intend to list our ordinary shares on a trading market in the United States.

Lock-Up Agreements

We have agreed with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. Members of our management board, the holders of all of our outstanding ordinary shares and Mastercard Europe SA have agreed to and Jonathan D. Klein, to the extent that he actually purchases ADSs in this offering, will agree to, substantially similar 180-day lock-up provisions, subject to certain exceptions. See “Underwriters.”

Rule 144

In general, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act as in effect on the date of this prospectus, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, a person who is not an affiliate of ours at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has held their ordinary shares for at least six months, as measured by SEC rule, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, may sell ordinary shares without restriction, provided current public information about us is available. In addition, under Rule 144, any person who is not an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has held their ordinary shares for at least one year, as measured by SEC rule, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would be entitled to sell an unlimited number of ordinary shares immediately upon completion of this offering without regard to whether current public information about us is available.

Beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, a person who is an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned “restricted” ordinary shares for at least six months, as measured by applicable SEC rules, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, is entitled to sell a number of restricted ordinary shares within any three-month period that does not exceed the greater of:

 

   

1% of the number of ordinary shares then outstanding, in the form of ADSs or otherwise; and

 

   

the average weekly trading volume of our ADSs on the NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.

Sales of restricted ordinary shares under Rule 144 held by our affiliates are also subject to requirements regarding the manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us. Rule 144 also requires that affiliates relying on Rule 144 to sell ordinary shares that are not restricted shares must nonetheless comply with the same restrictions applicable to restricted shares, other than the holding period requirement. In addition, in each case, these ordinary shares would remain subject to lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.

 

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Regulation S

Regulation S under the Securities Act provides that ordinary shares or ADSs owned by any person may be sold without registration in the United States, provided that the sale is effected in an offshore transaction and no directed selling efforts are made in the United States (as these terms are defined in Regulation S), subject to certain other conditions. In general, this means that our shares or ADSs may be sold outside the United States without registration in the United States being required.

Rule 701

Under Rule 701 under the Securities Act, ordinary shares or ADSs acquired by any of our employees, members of the management board, members of the supervisory board, consultants or advisors upon the exercise of options or pursuant to other rights granted under a written compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement in compliance with Rule 701 may be resold, by:

 

   

persons other than affiliates, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject only to the manner-of-sale provisions of Rule 144; and

 

   

our affiliates, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject to the manner-of-sale and volume limitations, current public information and filing requirements of Rule 144, in each case, without compliance with the six-month holding period requirement of Rule 144.

 

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EXCHANGE CONTROLS AND LIMITATIONS AFFECTING SHAREHOLDERS

There are currently no legal restrictions in Germany on international capital movements and foreign exchange transactions, except in limited embargo circumstances ( Teilembargo ) relating to certain areas, entities or persons as a result of applicable resolutions adopted by the United Nations and the EU. Restrictions currently exist with respect to, among others, Belarus, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Zimbabwe.

For statistical purposes, there are, however, limited notification requirements regarding transactions involving cross-border monetary transfers. With some exceptions, every corporation or individual residing in Germany must report to the German Central Bank ( Deutsche Bundesbank ) (i) any payment received from, or made to, a non-resident corporation or individual that exceeds €12,500 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency) and (ii) in case the sum of claims against, or liabilities payable to, non-residents or corporations exceeds €5,000,000 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency) at the end of any calendar month. Payments include cash payments made by means of direct debit, checks and bills, remittances denominated in euros and other currencies made through financial institutions, as well as netting and clearing arrangements.

 

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TAXATION

German Taxation

The following discussion addresses certain German tax consequences of acquiring, owning or disposing of the ADSs. With the exception of the subsection “German Taxation of Holders of ADSs—Taxation of Holders Tax Resident in Germany” below, which provides an overview of dividend taxation to holders that are residents of Germany, this discussion applies only to U.S. treaty beneficiaries (defined below) that acquire ADSs in the offering.

This discussion is based on domestic German tax laws, including, but not limited to, circulars issued by German tax authorities, which are not binding on the German courts, and the Treaty (defined below). It is based upon tax laws in effect at the time of filing of this prospectus. These laws are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, this discussion is based upon the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. It does not purport to be a comprehensive or exhaustive description of all German tax considerations that may be of relevance in the context of acquiring, owning and disposing of ADSs.

The tax information presented in this section is not a substitute for tax advice. Prospective holders of ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the German tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, disposition, donation or inheritance of ADSs in light of their particular circumstances, including the effect of any state, local, or other foreign or domestic laws or changes in tax law or interpretation. The same applies with respect to the rules governing the refund of any German dividend withholding tax ( Kapitalertragsteuer ) withheld. Only an individual tax consultation can appropriately account for the particular tax situation of each investor.

Taxation of the Company

The Company’s taxable income, whether distributed or retained, is generally subject to corporate income tax ( Körperschaftsteuer ) at a uniform rate of 15% plus the solidarity surcharge ( Solidaritätszuschlag ) of 5.5% thereon, resulting in a total tax rate of 15.825%.

Dividends ( Gewinnanteile ) and other distributions received by the Company from domestic or foreign corporations are exempt from corporate income tax, inter alia, if the Company held at the beginning of the calendar year at least 10% of the registered share capital ( Grundkapital or Stammkapital ) of the distributing corporation which did not deduct the distributions from its own tax base; however, 5% of such revenue is treated as a non-deductible business expense and, as such, is subject to corporate income tax plus the solidarity surcharge. The acquisition of a participation of at least 10% in the course of a calendar year is deemed to have occurred at the beginning of such calendar year for the purpose of this rule. Participations in the share capital of other corporations which the Company holds through a partnership, including co-entrepreneurships ( Mitunternehmerschaften ), are attributable to the Company only on a pro rata basis at its entitlement to the profits of the relevant partnership. Subject to the above-mentioned requirements, 95% of the amount of dividends and other distributions that the Company receives from corporations are exempt from corporate income tax. The same applies, in general and irrespective of the size of the shareholding, to profits earned by the Company from the sale of shares in another domestic or foreign corporation. Losses incurred from the sale of such shares are not deductible for tax purposes.

In addition, the Company is subject to trade tax ( Gewerbesteuer ) with respect to its taxable trade profit ( Gewerbeertrag ) from its permanent establishments in Germany ( inländische gewerbesteuerliche Betriebsstätten ). Trade tax is generally based on the taxable income as determined for corporate income tax purposes taking into account, however, certain add-backs and deductions.

The trade tax rate depends on the local municipalities in which the Company maintains its permanent establishments. Dividends received from other corporations and capital gains from the sale of shares in other

 

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corporations are treated in principle in the same manner for trade tax purposes as for corporate income tax purposes. However, dividends received from domestic and foreign corporations are effectively 95% exempt from trade tax only if the Company held at least 15% (10% in the event of certain companies resident for tax purposes in EU member states other than Germany) of the registered share capital ( Grundkapital or Stammkapital ) of the distributing corporation at the beginning or – in the event of foreign corporations – since the beginning of the relevant tax assessment period. Additional limitations apply with respect to dividends received from foreign non-EU corporations.

Expenditures for external financing are subject to the “interest barrier” ( Zinsschranke ) rules. When the Company calculates its taxable income, the interest barrier rules generally prevent the Company from deducting certain net interest expense, i.e., the excess of interest expense over interest income for a given fiscal year, exceeding 30% of its taxable EBITDA (taxable earnings adjusted for interest expense, interest income and certain depreciation/amortization and other reductions) if its net interest expense is, or exceeds, €3 million ( Freigrenze ) and no other exceptions apply. Special rules apply in the event of external financing undertaken by shareholders or related parties. Interest expense that is not deductible in a given year may be carried forward to subsequent fiscal years of the Company (interest carry-forward) and will increase the interest expense in those subsequent years. EBITDA amounts that could not be utilized may, under certain conditions, be carried forward into future fiscal years. If such EBITDA carry-forward is not used within five fiscal years it will be forfeited. An EBITDA carry-forward that arose in an earlier year must be used before a carry-forward that arose in a later year is used. By the decision dated October 14, 2015, the German Federal Fiscal Court ( Bundesfinanzhof ) submitted to the German Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) the question as to whether or not the interest barrier rule is unconstitutional. The final decision on whether the interest barrier rule violates the constitution now lies with the German Federal Constitutional Court. While a decision has not been issued as of the date of this filing, it may take a few years until this Court will decide. For the time being, the interest barrier remains applicable, and tax assessments may be kept open.

Tax-loss carry-forwards can be used to fully offset taxable income for corporate income tax and trade tax purposes up to an amount of €1 million. If the taxable profit for the year or taxable profit subject to trade taxation exceeds this threshold, only up to 60% of the amount exceeding the threshold may be offset by tax-loss carry-forwards. The remaining 40% is subject to tax (minimum taxation) ( Mindestbesteuerung ). The rules also provide for a tax carryback to the previous year with regard to corporate income tax. Unused tax-loss carry-forwards may be generally carried forward indefinitely and used in subsequent assessment periods to offset future taxable income in accordance with this rule.

If more than 50% of the subscribed capital or voting rights of the Company are directly or indirectly transferred to an acquirer (including parties related to the acquirer) within five years or comparable circumstances (including a capital increase of the subscribed capital to the extent that it causes a change of the interest ratio in the capital of the corporation) occur, all tax loss carryforwards and interest carryforwards are forfeited. A group of acquirers with aligned interests is also considered to be an acquirer for these purposes. In addition, any current annual losses incurred prior to the acquisition will not be deductible. If more than 25% up to and including 50% of the subscribed capital or voting rights of the Company are transferred to an acquirer (including parties related to the acquirer) or comparable circumstances occur, a proportional amount of tax loss carryforwards, unused current losses and interest carryforwards are forfeited. This does not apply to share transfers if (i) the purchaser directly or indirectly holds a participation of 100% in the transferring entity, (ii) the seller indirectly or directly holds a participation of 100% in the receiving entity, or (iii) the same natural or legal person or commercial partnership directly or indirectly holds a participation of 100% in the transferring and the receiving entity. Furthermore, tax loss carryforwards, unused current losses and interest carryforwards taxable in Germany will not expire to the extent that they are covered by built in gains taxable in Germany at the time of such acquisition. With effect as of January 1, 2016 a new rule was introduced into the German Corporate Income Tax Act pursuant to which any share transfer that would otherwise be subject to the rules above does not result upon application in forfeiture of tax loss carryforwards and interest carryforwards resulting from current business operations ( Geschäftsbetrieb ) of the Company, if the current business operations of the Company remained the

 

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same (i) from the time of its establishment; or (ii) during the last three business years prior to the share transfer and such business operations are maintained after the transfer (“Going Concern Tax Loss Carryforward”). The determination of whether the business operations have been maintained is assessed on the basis of qualitative factors, such as the produced goods and services, target markets, client and supplier bases, etc. However, the tax loss carryforwards and interest carryforwards will be forfeited in any circumstance if, after the share transfer, the business operations of the Company become dormant, are amended, the Company becomes a partner in an operating partnership ( Mitunternehmerschaft ), the Company becomes a fiscal unity parent, or assets are transferred from the Company and recognized at a value lower than the fair market value. This requirement is monitored until the retained tax loss carryforwards and interest carryforwards have been fully utilized.

While the Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) on March 29, 2017 ruled that the relevant provision of the German Corporate Tax Act ( Körperschaftsteuergesetz ) on this pro-rata forfeiture is unconstitutional, such decision only covers the time period up to and including December 31, 2015. Therefore, the Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) ruled that a retroactive implementation of a new provision substituting the unconstitutional legislation will only be required for the period from January 1, 2008 up to and including December 31, 2015. However, the ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) does not address whether the loss expiry rules are compliant with the German Constitution ( Grundgesetz ) to the extent more than 50% of the subscribed capital or voting rights are transferred. This question is, however, addressed in several cases that are still pending with the Federal Fiscal Court ( Bundesfinanzhof ). Furthermore, the Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht ) did not determine whether the loss expiry rules applicable since 2016 comply with the constitutional principle of equality in light of the enactment of the Going Concern Tax Loss Carryforward. Following up on the court’s request to the lawmaker to amend such rules with retroactive effect until December 31, 2018, the lawmaker adopted a bill which abolishes the relevant pro-rata forfeiture provision for harmful share acquisitions relating to share acquisitions of more than 25% up to and including 50% of the subscribed capital or voting rights of the Company retroactively for the period beginning after December 31, 2007. Inter alia, in light of such changes and the pending cases, the impact of loss forfeiture rules on unutilized losses and interest carry-forwards (possibly also EBITDA carry-forwards) currently remains unclear.

German Taxation of Holders of ADSs

General

Based on the circular issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance ( BMF-Schreiben ), dated May 24, 2013, reference number IV C 1-S2204/12/10003, in respect of the taxation of ADRs on domestic shares (as amended) (the “ADR Tax Circular”), for German tax purposes, the ADSs represent a beneficial ownership interest in the underlying shares of the Company and qualify as the ADRs for the purpose of the ADR Tax Circular. If the ADSs qualify as the ADRs under the ADR Tax Circular, dividends would accordingly be attributable to holders of the ADSs for tax purposes, and not to the legal owner of the ordinary shares (i.e., the financial institution on behalf of which the ordinary shares are stored at a domestic depository for the ADS holders). Furthermore, holders of the ADSs should be treated as beneficial owners of the capital of the Company with respect to capital gains (see below in section “German Taxation of Capital Gains of the U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries of the ADSs”). However, investors should note that circulars published by the German tax authorities (including the ADR Tax Circular) are not binding on German courts, including German tax courts, and it is unclear whether a German court would follow the ADR Tax Circular in determining the German tax treatment of the ADSs. For the purpose of this German tax section, it is assumed that the ADSs qualify as the ADRs within the meaning of the ADR Tax Circular.

Taxation of Holders Not Tax Resident in Germany

The following discussion describes the material German tax consequences for a holder that is a U.S. treaty beneficiary of acquiring, owning and disposing of the ADSs. For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. treaty

 

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beneficiary” is a resident of the United States for purposes of the Convention Between the United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and to Certain Other Taxes as of June 4, 2008 ( Abkommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung und zur Verhinderung der Steuerverkürzung auf dem Gebiet der Steuern vom Einkommen und vom Vermögen und einiger anderer Steuern in der Fassung vom 4. Juni 2008 ) (the “Treaty”), who is fully eligible for benefits under the Treaty.

A holder will be a U.S. treaty beneficiary entitled to full Treaty benefits in respect of the ADSs if it is, inter alia:

 

   

the beneficial owner of the ADSs (and the dividends paid with respect thereto);

 

   

a U.S. holder;

 

   

not also a resident of Germany for German tax purposes; and

 

   

not subject to the limitation on benefits (i.e., anti-treaty shopping) article of the Treaty that applies in limited circumstances.

Special rules apply to pension funds and certain other tax-exempt investors.

This discussion does not address the treatment of ADSs that are (i) held in connection with a permanent establishment or fixed base through which a U.S. treaty beneficiary carries on business or performs personal services in Germany or (ii) part of business assets for which a permanent representative in Germany has been appointed.

General Rules for the Taxation of Holders Not Tax Resident in Germany

Non-German resident holders of ADSs are subject to German taxation with respect to German source income ( beschränkte Steuerpflicht ). According to the ADR Tax Circular, income from the shares should be attributed to the holder of the ADSs for German tax purposes. As a consequence, income from the ADSs should be treated as German source income.

The full amount of a dividend distributed by the Company to a non-German resident holder which does not maintain a permanent establishment or other taxable presence in Germany is subject to (final) German withholding tax at an aggregate rate of 26.375%. German withholding tax is withheld and remitted to the German tax authorities by the disbursing agent (i.e., the German credit institution, financial services institution, securities trading enterprise or securities trading bank (each as defined in the German Banking Act ( Kreditwesengesetz ) and in each case including a German branch of a foreign enterprise, but excluding a foreign branch of a German enterprise)) that holds or administers the underlying shares in custody and disburses or credits the dividend income from the underlying shares or disburses or credits the dividend income from the underlying shares on delivery of the dividend coupons or disburses such dividend income to a foreign agent or the central securities depository ( Wertpapiersammelbank ) in terms of the German Depositary Act ( Depotgesetz ) holding the underlying shares in a collective deposit, if such central securities depository disburses the dividend income from the underlying shares to a foreign agent, regardless of whether a holder must report the dividend for tax purposes and regardless of whether or not a holder is a resident of Germany.

Pursuant to the Treaty, the German withholding tax may not exceed 15% of the gross amount of the dividends received by U.S. treaty beneficiaries. The excess of the total withholding tax, including the solidarity surcharge ( Solidaritätszuschlag ), over the maximum rate of withholding tax permitted by the Treaty is refunded to U.S. treaty beneficiaries upon application. For example, for a declared dividend of 100, a U.S. treaty beneficiary initially receives 73.625 (100 minus the 26.375% withholding tax including solidarity surcharge). The U.S. treaty beneficiary is entitled to a partial refund from the German tax authorities in the amount of

 

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11.375% of the gross dividend (of 100). As a result, the U.S. treaty beneficiary ultimately receives a total of 85 (85% of the declared dividend) following the refund of the excess withholding. However, investors should note that it is unclear how the German tax authorities will apply the refund process to dividends on the ADSs with respect to non-German resident holders of the ADSs. Further, such refund is subject to the German anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule (as described below in section “—Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries”).

German Taxation of Capital Gains of the U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries of the ADSs

The capital gains from the disposition of the ADSs realized by a non-German resident holder which does not maintain a permanent establishment or other taxable presence in Germany would be treated as German source income and be subject to German tax if such holder at any time during the five years preceding the disposition, directly or indirectly, owned 1% or more of the Company’s share capital, irrespective of whether through the ADSs or shares of the Company. If such holder had acquired the ADSs without consideration, the previous owner’s holding period and quota would be taken into account.

Pursuant to the Treaty, U.S. treaty beneficiaries are not subject to German tax even under the circumstances described in the preceding paragraph and therefore should not be taxed on capital gains from the disposition of the ADSs.

German statutory law requires the disbursing agent to levy withholding tax on capital gains from the sale of ADSs or other securities held in a custodial account in Germany. With regard to the German taxation of capital gains, disbursing agent means a German credit institution, a financial services institution, a securities trading enterprise or a securities trading bank (each as defined in the German Banking Act ( Kreditwesengesetz ) and, in each case including a German branch of a foreign enterprise, but excluding a foreign branch of a German enterprise) that holds the ADSs in custody or administers the ADSs for the investor or conducts sales or other dispositions and disburses or credits the income from the ADSs to the holder of the ADSs. The German statutory law does not explicitly condition the obligation to withhold taxes on capital gains being subject to taxation in Germany under German statutory law or on an applicable income tax treaty permitting Germany to tax such capital gains.

However, a circular issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance, dated January 18, 2016 (as amended), reference number IV C 1-S2252/08/10004 :017, provides that taxes need not be withheld when the holder of the custody account is not a resident of Germany for tax purposes and the income is not subject to German taxation. The circular further states that there is no obligation to withhold such tax even if the non-resident holder owns 1% or more of the share capital of a German company. While circulars issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance are only binding on the German tax authorities but not on the German courts, in practice, the disbursing agents nevertheless typically rely on guidance contained in such circulars. Therefore, a disbursing agent would only withhold tax at 26.375% on capital gains derived by a U.S. treaty beneficiary from the sale of ADSs held in a custodial account in Germany in the event that the disbursing agent did not follow the abovementioned guidance. In this case, the U.S. treaty beneficiary may be entitled to claim a refund of the withholding tax from the German tax authorities under the Treaty, as described below in the section “—Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries.”

Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries

U.S. treaty beneficiaries are generally eligible for treaty benefits under the Treaty, as described above in Section “—Taxation of Holders Not Tax Resident in Germany.” Accordingly, U.S. treaty beneficiaries are in general entitled to claim a refund of the portion of the otherwise applicable 26.375% German withholding tax (corporate income tax including solidarity surcharge) on dividends that exceeds the applicable Treaty rate. However, such refund is only possible, provided that pursuant to special rules on the restriction of withholding tax credit, the following three cumulative requirements are met: (i) the shareholder must qualify as beneficial

 

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owner of the ADSs for an uninterrupted minimum holding period of 45 days within a period starting 45 days prior to and ending 45 days after the due date of the dividends, (ii) the shareholder has to bear at least 70% of the change in value risk related to the ADSs during the minimum holding period as described under (i) of this paragraph and has not entered into (acting by itself or through a related party) hedging transactions which lower the change in value risk by more than 30%, and (iii) the shareholder must not be obliged to fully or largely compensate directly or indirectly the dividends to third parties. If these requirements are not met, then for a shareholder not being tax-resident in Germany who applied for a full or partial refund of the withholding tax pursuant to a double taxation treaty, no refund is available. This restriction generally does only apply, if (i) the tax underlying the refund application is below a tax rate of 15% based on the gross amount of the dividends or capital gains and (ii) the shareholder does not directly own 10% or more in the shares of the company and is subject to income taxes in its state of residence, without being tax-exempt. In addition to the aforementioned restrictions, in particular, pursuant to a decree published by the German Federal Ministry of Finance dated July 17, 2017 ( BMF, Schreiben vom 17.7.2017—IV C 1—S 2252/15/10030:05, DOK 2017/0614356 ), as amended, the withholding tax credit may also be denied as an anti-abuse measure.

In general, as previously discussed, investors should note that it is unclear how the German tax administration will apply the refund process to dividends on the ADSs. Further, such refund is subject to the German anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule. Generally, this rule requires that the U.S. treaty beneficiary (in case it is a non-German resident company) maintains its own administrative substance and conducts its own business activities. In particular, a foreign company has no right to a full or partial refund to the extent persons holding ownership interests in the Company would not be entitled to the refund if they derived the income directly and the gross income realized by the foreign company is not caused by the business activities of the foreign company, and there are either no economic or other considerable reasons for the interposition of the foreign company, or the foreign company does not participate in general commerce by means of a business organization with resources appropriate to its business purpose. However, this shall not apply if the foreign company’s principal class of stock is regularly traded in substantial volume on a recognized stock exchange, or if the foreign company is subject to the provisions of the German Investment Tax Act ( Investmentsteuergesetz ). Whether or not and to which extent the anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule applies, has to be analyzed on a case by case basis taking into account all relevant tests. In addition, the interpretation of these tests is disputed and to date no published decisions of the German Federal Finance Court exist in this regard.

Due to the legal structure of the ADSs, only limited guidance of the German tax authorities exists on the practical application of this procedure with respect to the ADSs.

Taxation of Holders Tax Resident in Germany

This subsection provides an overview of dividend taxation with regard to the general principles applicable to the Company’s holders that are tax resident in Germany. A holder is a German tax resident if, in case of an individual, he or she maintains a domicile ( Wohnsitz ) or a usual residence ( gewöhnlicher Aufenthalt ) in Germany or if, in case of a corporation, it has its place of management ( Geschäftsleitung ) or registered office ( Sitz ) in Germany.

The German dividend and capital gains taxation rules applicable to German tax residents require a distinction between ADSs held as private assets ( Privatvermögen ) and ADSs held as business assets ( Betriebsvermögen ).

ADSs as Private Assets (Privatvermögen)

If the ADSs are held as private assets ( Privatvermögen ) by a German tax resident, dividends and capital gains are taxed as investment income and are principally subject to 25% German flat income tax on capital income ( Abgeltungsteuer ) (plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon, resulting in an aggregate rate of 26.375%), which is levied in the form of withholding tax ( Kapitalertragsteuer ). In other words, once deducted, the shareholder’s income tax liability on the dividends will be settled.

 

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Shareholders may apply to have their capital investment income assessed in accordance with the general rules and with an individual’s personal income tax rate if this would result in a lower tax burden in which case actually incurred expenses are not deductible. The holder would be taxed on gross personal investment income (including dividends or gains with respect to ADSs), less the saver’s allowance of €801 for an individual or €1,602 for a married couple and a registered civil union ( eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft ) filing taxes jointly. The deduction of expenses related to the investment income (including dividends or gains with respect to ADSs) is generally not possible for private investors.

Losses resulting from the disposal of ADSs can only be offset by capital gains from the sale of any shares and other ADSs. If, however, a holder directly or indirectly held at least 1% of the share capital of the Company at any time during the five years preceding the sale, 60% of any capital gains resulting from the sale are taxable at the holder’s personal income tax rate (plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon). Conversely, 60% of any capital losses are recognized for tax purposes.

Church tax generally has to be withheld, if applicable, based on an automatic data access procedure, unless the shareholder has filed a blocking notice ( Sperrvermerk ) with the Federal Central Tax Office. Where church tax is not levied by way of withholding, it is determined by means of income tax assessment.

ADSs as Business Assets (Betriebsvermögen)

In case the ADSs are held as business assets, the taxation depends on the legal form of the holder (i.e., whether the holder is a corporation or an individual). Irrespective of the legal form of the holder, dividends are subject to the aggregate withholding tax rate of 26.375%. The withholding tax is credited against the respective holder’s income tax liability, provided that pursuant to special rules on the restriction of withholding tax credit, the following three cumulative requirements are met: (i) the shareholder must qualify as beneficial owner of the ADSs for an uninterrupted minimum holding period of 45 days occurring within a period starting 45 days prior to and ending 45 days after the due date of the dividends, (ii) the shareholder has to bear at least 70% of the change in value risk related to the ADSs during the minimum holding period as described under (i) of this paragraph and has not entered into (acting by itself or through a related party) hedging transactions which lower the change in value risk for more than 30%, and (iii) the shareholder must not be obliged to fully or largely compensate directly or indirectly the dividends to third parties. If these requirements are not met, three-fifths of the withholding tax imposed on the dividends must not be credited against the shareholder’s (corporate) income tax liability, but may, upon application, be deducted from the shareholder’s tax base for the relevant tax assessment period. Such requirements also apply to ADSs, which lead to domestic income in Germany and which are held by a non-German depositary bank. A shareholder that is generally subject to German income tax or corporate income tax and that has received gross dividends without any deduction of withholding tax due to a tax exemption without qualifying for a full tax credit under the aforementioned requirements has to notify the competent local tax office accordingly and has to make a payment in the amount of the omitted withholding tax deduction. The special rules on the restriction of withholding tax credit do not apply to a shareholder whose overall dividend earnings within an assessment period do not exceed €20,000 or that has been the beneficial owner of the ADSs in the Company for at least one uninterrupted year upon receipt of the dividends. In addition to the aforementioned restrictions, in particular, pursuant to a decree published by the German Federal Ministry of Finance dated July 17, 2017 ( BMF, Schreiben vom 17.7.2017—IV C 1—S 2252/15/10030:05, DOK 2017/0614356 ), as amended, the withholding tax credit may also be denied as an anti-abuse measure.

To the extent the amount withheld exceeds the income tax liability, the withholding tax will be refunded, provided that certain requirements are met (including the aforementioned requirements).

Special rules apply to credit institutions ( Kreditinstitute ), financial services institutions ( Finanzdienstleistungsinstitute ), financial enterprises ( Finanzunternehmen ), life insurance and health insurance companies, and pension funds.

 

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With regard to holders in the legal form of a corporation, dividends and capital gains are in general 95% tax exempt from corporate income tax (including solidarity surcharge), inter alia, if the shareholder held at least 10% of the registered share capital ( Grundkapital oder Stammkapital ) of the Company at the beginning of the calendar year. The remaining 5% is treated as non-deductible business expense and, as such, is subject to corporate income tax (including solidarity surcharge). The acquisition of a participation of at least 10% in the course of a calendar year is deemed to have occurred at the beginning of such calendar year for the purpose of this rule. Participations in the share capital of other corporations which the Company holds through a partnership, including co-entrepreneurships ( Mitunternehmerschaften ), are attributable to the Company only on a pro rata basis at the ratio of its entitlement to the profits of the relevant partnership. Moreover, actual business expenses incurred to generate the dividends may be deducted.

However, the amount of any dividends after deducting business expenses related to the dividends is subject to the trade tax, unless the corporation held at least 15% of the Company’s registered share capital at the beginning of the relevant tax assessment period. In the latter case, the aforementioned exemption of 95% of the dividend income also applies for trade tax purposes. Losses from the sale of ADSs are generally not tax deductible for corporate income tax and trade tax purposes.

With regard to individuals holding ADSs as business assets, 60% of dividends and capital gains are taxed at the individual’s personal income tax rate (plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon). Correspondingly, only 60% of business expenses related to the dividends and capital gains as well as losses from the sale of ADSs are principally deductible for income tax purposes.

German Inheritance and Gift Tax (Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer)

The transfer of ADSs to another person by inheritance or gift should be generally subject to German inheritance and gift tax only if:

 

  (1)   the decedent or donor or heir, beneficiary or other transferee maintained his or her domicile or a usual residence in Germany or had its place of management or registered office in Germany at the time of the transfer, or is a German citizen who has spent no more than five consecutive years outside of Germany without maintaining a domicile in Germany or is a German citizen who serves for a German entity established under public law and is remunerated for his or her service from German public funds (including family members who form part of such person’s household, if they are German citizens) and is only subject to estate or inheritance tax in his or her country of domicile or usual residence with respect to assets located in such country (special rules apply to certain former German citizens who neither maintain a domicile nor have their usual residence in Germany);

 

  (2)   at the time of the transfer, the ADSs are held by the decedent or donor as business assets forming part of a permanent establishment in Germany or for which a permanent representative in Germany has been appointed; or

 

  (3)   the ADSs subject to such transfer form part of a portfolio that represents at the time of the transfer 10% or more of the registered share capital of the Company and that has been held directly or indirectly by the decedent or donor, either alone or together with related persons.

The Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on inheritances and gifts as of December 21, 2000 ( Abkommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung auf dem Gebiet der Nachlass-, Erbschaft- und Schenkungssteuern in der Fassung vom 21. Dezember 2000 ) (the “United States-Germany Inheritance and Gifts Tax Treaty”), provides that the German inheritance tax or gift tax can, with certain restrictions, only be levied in the cases of (1) and (2) above. Special provisions apply to certain German citizens living outside of Germany and former German citizens.

 

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Other Taxes

No German transfer tax, value-added tax, stamp duty or similar taxes are assessed on the purchase, sale or other transfer of ADSs. Provided that certain requirements are met, an entrepreneur may, however, opt for the payment of value-added tax on transactions that are otherwise tax-exempt. Net wealth tax ( Vermögensteuer ) is currently not imposed in Germany. Certain member states of the European Union are considering introducing a financial transaction tax ( Finanztransaktionssteuer ) which, if and when introduced, may also be applicable on sales and/or transfer of ADSs.

U.S. Taxation

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders

This section describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of owning ADSs. It applies to you only if you acquire your ADSs in this offering and you hold your ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes. This discussion addresses only United States federal income taxation and does not discuss all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your individual circumstances, including foreign, state or local tax consequences, estate and gift tax consequences, and tax consequences arising under the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or the alternative minimum tax. This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:

 

   

a broker or dealer in securities,

 

   

a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for securities holdings,

 

   

a tax-exempt organization or governmental organization,

 

   

a tax-qualified retirement plan,

 

   

a bank, insurance company or other financial institution,

 

   

a real estate investment trust or regulated investment company,

 

   

a person that actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the combined voting power of our voting stock or of the total value of our stock,

 

   

a person that holds ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction,

 

   

a person that purchases or sells ADSs as part of a wash sale for tax purposes,

 

   

a U.S. holder (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar,

 

   

a U.S. expatriate or former citizen or long-term resident of the United States,

 

   

a corporation that accumulates earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax,

 

   

an S corporation, partnership or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein),

 

   

a person deemed to sell ADSs under the constructive sale provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and

 

   

a person subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the ADSs being taken into account in an applicable financial statement.

This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, as well as on the Treaty. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this section is based in part upon the representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

 

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If an entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes holds the ADSs, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding the ADSs should consult its tax advisor with regard to the United States federal income tax treatment of an investment in the ADSs.

You are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of ADSs and you are, for United States federal income tax purposes:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States,

 

   

a domestic corporation,

 

   

an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or

 

   

a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

A “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of ADSs that is not a United States person and is not a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

 

You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state and local tax consequences of owning and disposing of ADSs in your particular circumstances.

In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for United States federal income tax purposes, if you hold ADRs evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as the owner of the shares represented by those ADRs. Exchanges of shares for ADRs, and ADRs for shares, generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.

Except as described below under “U.S. Holders—PFIC Rules,” this discussion assumes that we are not, and will not become, a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes.

U.S. Holders

Dividends

Under the United States federal income tax laws, if you are a U.S. holder, the gross amount of any distribution we pay out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes), other than certain pro-rata distributions of our shares, will be treated as a dividend that is subject to United States federal income taxation. If you are a noncorporate U.S. holder, dividends that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable to you at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gains provided that you hold the ADSs for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements. Dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs generally will be qualified dividend income provided that, in the year that you receive the dividend, the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Our ADSs will be listed on the NYSE and we therefore expect that dividends will be qualified dividend income.

You must include any German tax withheld from the dividend payment in this gross amount even though you do not in fact receive it. The dividend is taxable to you when the depositary receives the dividend, actually or constructively. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution that you must include in your income will be the U.S. dollar value of the Euro payments made, determined at the spot Euro/U.S. dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss

 

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resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date you include the dividend payment in income to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will not be eligible for the special tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. The gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your basis in the ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not expect to calculate earnings and profits in accordance with United States federal income tax principles. Accordingly, you should expect to generally treat distributions we make as dividends.

Subject to certain limitations, the German tax withheld in accordance with the Treaty and paid over to Germany will be creditable or deductible against your United States federal income tax liability. Special rules apply in determining the foreign tax credit limitation with respect to dividends that are subject to the preferential tax rates. To the extent a reduction or refund of the tax withheld is available to you under German law or under the Treaty, the amount of tax withheld that could have been reduced or that is refundable will not be eligible for credit against your United States federal income tax liability. See “—German Taxation—German Taxation of Holders of ADSs—Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries,” above, for the procedures for obtaining a tax refund.

Dividends will generally be income from sources outside the United States and will generally be “passive” income for purposes of computing the foreign tax credit allowable to you. However, if (a) we are 50% or more owned, by vote or value, by United States persons and (b) at least 10% of our earnings and profits are attributable to sources within the United States, then for foreign tax credit purposes, a portion of our dividends would be treated as derived from sources within the United States. With respect to any dividend paid for any taxable year, the United States source ratio of our dividends for foreign tax credit purposes would be equal to the portion of our earnings and profits from sources within the United States for such taxable year, divided by the total amount of our earnings and profits for such taxable year. We do not expect to be 50% or more owned, by vote or value, by United States persons, and therefore do not expect that any portion of our dividends will be treated as derived from sources within the United States.

Capital Gains

If you are a U.S. holder and you sell or otherwise dispose of your ADSs, you will recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that you realize and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in your ADSs. Capital gain of a noncorporate U.S. holder is generally taxed at preferential rates where the property is held for more than one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

PFIC Rules

We believe that the ADSs should not currently be treated as stock of a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes and we do not expect to become a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, this conclusion is a factual determination that is made annually and thus may be subject to change. It is therefore possible that we could become a PFIC in a future taxable year. In addition, our current position that we are not a PFIC is based in part upon the value of our goodwill which is based on the market value for our shares. Accordingly, we could become a PFIC in the future if there is a substantial decline in the value of our shares.

In general, if you are a U.S. holder, we will be a PFIC with respect to you if for any taxable year in which you held our ADSs:

 

   

at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or

 

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at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income.

“Passive income” generally includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property, rents and royalties (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business) and certain other specified categories of income. If a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.

If we are treated as a PFIC, and you are a U.S. holder that did not make a mark-to-market election, as described below, you will generally be subject to special rules with respect to:

 

   

any gain you realize on the sale or other disposition of your ADSs and

 

   

any excess distribution that we make to you (generally, any distributions to you during a single taxable year, other than the taxable year in which your holding period in the ADSs begins, that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by you in respect of the ADSs during the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, your holding period for the ADSs that preceded the taxable year in which you receive the distribution).

Under these rules:

 

   

the gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs,

 

   

the amount allocated to the taxable year in which you realized the gain or excess distribution or to prior years before the first year in which we were a PFIC with respect to you will be taxed as ordinary income,

 

   

the amount allocated to each other prior year will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year, and

 

   

the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such year.

Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.

If we are a PFIC in a taxable year and our ADSs are treated as “marketable stock” in such year, you may make a mark-to-market election with respect to your ADSs. If you make this election, you will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above. Instead, in general, you will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of your ADSs at the end of the taxable year over your adjusted basis in your ADSs. You will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of your ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). Your basis in the ADSs will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. Any gain that you recognize on the sale or other disposition of your ADSs would be ordinary income and any loss would be an ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election and, thereafter, a capital loss.

Your ADSs will generally be treated as stock in a PFIC if we were a PFIC at any time during your holding period in your ADSs, even if we are not currently a PFIC.

In addition, notwithstanding any election you make with regard to the ADSs, dividends that you receive from us will not constitute qualified dividend income to you if we are a PFIC (or are treated as a PFIC with respect to you) either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year. Dividends that you

 

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receive that do not constitute qualified dividend income are not eligible for taxation at the preferential rates applicable to qualified dividend income. Instead, you must include the gross amount of any such dividend paid by us out of our accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) in your gross income, and it will be subject to tax at rates applicable to ordinary income.

If you own ADSs during any year that we are a PFIC with respect to you, you may be required to file U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 8621.

Shareholder Reporting

A U.S. holder that owns “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of $50,000 (and in some circumstances, a higher threshold) may be required to file an information report with respect to such assets with its tax return. “Specified foreign financial assets” may include financial accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions, as well as the following, but only if they are held for investment and not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions: (i) stocks and securities issued by non-United States persons, (ii) financial instruments and contracts that have non-United States issuers or counterparties, and (iii) interests in foreign entities.

A U.S. Holder that acquires ADSs generally will be required to file IRS Form 926 if the amount of cash transferred to the Company in exchange for ADSs during the 12-month period ending on the date of the acquisition exceeds $100,000.

Significant penalties may apply for failing to satisfy these filing requirements. U.S. Holders are urged to contact their tax advisors regarding these filing requirements.

Non-U.S. Holders

Dividends

If you are a non-U.S. holder, dividends paid to you in respect of ADSs will not be subject to United States federal income tax unless the dividends are “effectively connected” with your conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and the dividends are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting you to United States taxation on a net income basis. In such cases you generally will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. holder. If you are a corporate non-U.S. holder, “effectively connected” dividends may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or at a lower rate if you are eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate.

Capital Gains

If you are a non-U.S. holder, you will not be subject to United States federal income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of your ADSs unless:

 

   

the gain is “effectively connected” with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting you to United States taxation on a net income basis, or

 

   

you are an individual, you are present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions exist.

If you are a corporate non-U.S. holder, “effectively connected” gains that you recognize may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or at a lower rate if you are eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate.

 

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Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

If you are a noncorporate U.S. holder, information reporting requirements, on IRS Form 1099, generally will apply to dividend payments or other taxable distributions made to you within the United States, and the payment of proceeds to you from the sale of ADSs effected at a United States office of a broker.

Additionally, backup withholding may apply to such payments if you fail to comply with applicable certification requirements or (in the case of dividend payments) are notified by the IRS that you have failed to report all interest and dividends required to be shown on your federal income tax returns.

If you are a non-U.S. holder, you are generally exempt from backup withholding and information reporting requirements with respect to dividend payments made to you outside the United States by us or another non-United States payor. You are also generally exempt from backup withholding and information reporting requirements in respect of dividend payments made within the United States and the payment of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs effected at a United States office of a broker, as long as either (i) the payor or broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a United States person and you have furnished a valid IRS Form W-8 or other documentation upon which the payor or broker may rely to treat the payments as made to a non-United States person, or (ii) you otherwise establish an exemption.

Payment of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs effected at a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, a sale effected at a foreign office of a broker could be subject to information reporting in the same manner as a sale within the United States (and in certain cases may be subject to backup withholding as well) if (i) the broker has certain connections to the United States, (ii) the proceeds or confirmation are sent to the United States or (iii) the sale has certain other specified connections with the United States.

You generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed your income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the IRS.

THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL TAX MATTERS THAT MAY BE IMPORTANT TO YOU. EACH PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN ADSs UNDER THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

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UNDERWRITERS

Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of ADSs indicated below:

 

Underwriters

  

Number of

ADSs

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

                   

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

  

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

  

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

  

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

  

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

  

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

  
  

 

 

 

Total

     13,500,000  
  

 

 

 

The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the “underwriters” and the “representatives,” respectively. The underwriters are offering the ADSs subject to their acceptance of the ADSs from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the ADSs offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the ADSs offered by this prospectus if any such ADSs are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the ADSs covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the ADSs directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $             per ADS under the public offering price. After the initial offering of the ADSs, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 2,025,000 additional ADSs at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the ADSs offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional ADSs as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of ADSs listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.

For reasons of German law, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC will initially subscribe for all of the new ordinary shares represented by the ADSs on behalf of the underwriters, at an issue price of €1.00 per share. This issue price will be credited against the amount due from the underwriters at closing.

The following table shows the per ADS and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional 2,025,000 ADSs.

 

            Total  
     Per ADS      Non Exercise      Full Exercise  

Public offering price

   $                    $                    $                

Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us

        

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

   $        $        $    

 

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The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $5.7 million. We may, at our sole discretion, pay the underwriters a discretionary fee of 0.5% of the aggregate public offering price of the ADSs.

The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of ADSs offered by them. We have been approved to list our ADSs on the NYSE under the trading symbol “JMIA.”

The chairperson of our supervisory board, Jonathan D. Klein, has indicated an interest in purchasing an aggregate of up to $1.0 million in ADSs in this offering at the initial public offering price. Because this indication of interest is not a binding agreement or commitment to purchase, Mr. Klein could determine to purchase more, less or no ADSs in this offering, or the underwriters could determine to sell less or no ADSs to Mr. Klein. The underwriters will receive the same discount on any of our ADSs purchased by Mr. Klein as they will from any other ADSs sold to the public in this offering.

We have agreed with each underwriter that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC (together, the representatives) on behalf of the underwriters, we will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Restricted Period”), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the shares, whether any such transaction in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of shares, in cash or otherwise or (iii) file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares. The restrictions do not apply to (a) the ADSs to be sold hereunder or (b) the issuance of shares upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof of which the underwriters have been advised in writing.

Members of our management board, the holders of all of our outstanding ordinary shares and Mastercard Europe SA have agreed that, without the prior written consent of the representatives on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the the Restricted Period,

 

   

offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any ADSs or shares beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for ADSs or shares, or

 

   

enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of ADSs or shares,

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of ADSs, shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. Mr. Jonathan D. Klein, to the extent that he actually purchases ADSs in this offering, will agree to substantially similar 180-day lock-up provisions, subject to certain exceptions.

The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (i) transactions relating to ADSs, shares or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of this offering (ii) transfers as a bona fide gift, (iii) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, distributions to limited partners, stockholders or similar related parties or transfers to any entity that is an affiliate of the undersigned, provided that each donee, distributee or transferee signs and delivers a lock up letter substantially in the form of this lock-up and that no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with such transfer, (iv) transfers pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer made to all holders of our share capital, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction involving a change of control that has been recommended by our management board, provided that in the event that such transaction is not completed, the undersigned remains subject to the provisions of the lock-up,

 

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(v) transfers made to remedy or prevent a breach of laws and regulations in the United States that prohibit suppliers from holding an interest in an alcohol beverage retailer licensed in any state of the United States, or (vi) the establishment of a trading plan that complies with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer, provided that no transfer occurs during the Restricted Period.

In the event that a release is granted to a shareholder, all other shareholders bound by the lock-up will also be released on a pro-rata basis, except in the case of an underwritten primary or secondary registered public offering, in which case the release will only be granted to those shareholders who participate in the underwritten registered public offering, provided that all shareholders were given the opportunity to so participate.

In order to facilitate the offering of the ADSs, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the ADSs. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more ADSs than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of ADSs available for purchase by the underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing ADSs in the open market. In determining the source of ADSs to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of ADSs compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell ADSs in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing ADSs in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the ADSs in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, ADSs in the open market to stabilize the price of the ADSs. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the ADSs above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the ADSs. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.

We and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of ADSs to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and investment banking services for us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.

In addition, in the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investment and securities activities may involve our securities and instruments. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long or short positions in such securities and instruments.

 

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The address of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. The address of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. is 388 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10013. The address of Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC, 1251 Avenue of the Americas-53rd floor, New York, NY 10020.

Pricing of the Offering

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ADSs. The initial public offering price was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our sales, earnings and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities, and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.

Selling Restrictions

European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any of our ADSs may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any of our ADSs may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

 

  (a)   to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;

 

  (b)   to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or

 

  (c)   in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of our ADSs shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any of our ADSs in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any of our ADSs to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any of our ADSs, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State, and the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.

United Kingdom

Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:

 

  (a)   it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of our ADSs in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and

 

  (b)   it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to our ADSs in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

 

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Australia

No placement document, prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document has been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”), in relation to the offering. This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act 2001 (the “Corporations Act”), and does not purport to include the information required for a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act. Any offer in Australia of the shares may only be made to persons (the “Exempt Investors”) who are “sophisticated investors” (within the meaning of section 708(8) of the Corporations Act), “professional investors” (within the meaning of section 708(11) of the Corporations Act) or otherwise pursuant to one or more exemptions contained in section 708 of the Corporations Act so that it is lawful to offer the shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. The shares applied for by Exempt Investors in Australia must not be offered for sale in Australia in the period of 12 months after the date of allotment under the offering, except in circumstances where disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act would not be required pursuant to an exemption under section 708 of the Corporations Act or otherwise or where the offer is pursuant to a disclosure document which complies with Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. Any person acquiring shares must observe such Australian on-sale restrictions. This prospectus contains general information only and does not take account of the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person. It does not contain any securities recommendations or financial product advice. Before making an investment decision, investors need to consider whether the information in this prospectus is appropriate to their needs, objectives and circumstances, and, if necessary, seek expert advice on those matters.

Canada

The ADSs may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the ADSs must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

 

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CONCURRENT PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Mastercard Europe SA

Subject to the completion of this offering, Mastercard Europe SA will purchase from us in the Concurrent Private Placement €50.0 million of our ordinary shares at a price per share equal to the euro equivalent of the initial public offering price per ordinary share. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.50 per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and an assumed exchange rate of $1.1325 per €1.00, this would be 7,810,364 ordinary shares (corresponding to 3,905,182 ADSs). We will receive the net proceeds from this Concurrent Private Placement. Mastercard Europe SA has agreed to enter into a lock-up agreement with the underwriters for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus.

In connection with the Concurrent Private Placement, we entered into a commercial agreement with Mastercard Asia/Pacific, an affiliate of Mastercard Europe SA. This commercial agreement has a term of ten years and provides Mastercard Asia/Pacific with priority in delivering, and a right to partner with us on initiatives aimed at promoting, facilitating and driving, payment network based solutions, technologies and services related to our business.

Under the agreement, we will use the Mastercard Payment Services Gateway (“MPGS”), which we currently already use in a number of countries, to process card payments in all countries where this gateway is available, and we also agreed to work with local payment service providers to convert to MPGS within six months of the launch in any new market. Only where MPGS is not available due to regulations, we will continue to process cards not supported by MPGS through other payment service providers. Where possible, we will enable the settlement of services sold via our platform via the Mastercard virtual card network. We will promote the use of the Mastercard technology as a preferred option to settle payments due to sellers via JumiaPay (e.g., via plastic or virtual cards). Further, we will work with Mastercard Asia/Pacific to launch and issue consumer and commercial co-branded products (i.e., cards, virtual card networks and quick response code). Mastercard Asia/Pacific will work with us to enable JumiaPay wallet holders to make face-to-face payments where Mastercard’s quick response code is accepted.

For the duration of the commercial agreement, Mastercard Asia/Pacific will provide us with dedicated support in Africa across advisory, marketing, product development and innovation, resources and training. Mastercard Asia/Pacific will offer this support on conditions it offers to similarly situated customers. After two to five years from the start of the contract, these conditions will depend on us meeting certain performance targets. In return for the support services provided by Mastercard Asia/Pacific, we will cooperate with Mastercard Asia/Pacific concerning the marketing of all payment network related offers on our platform for a period of five years. We will also provide Mastercard Asia/Pacific with equal brand prominence as our other partners and promote its products throughout our ecosystem.

At least annually, executives of Jumia and Mastercard Asia/Pacific will meet to review the performance of the parties under the commercial agreement against targets, including a review of the annual strategy of Jumia insofar as Mastercard Asia/Pacific is concerned.

Either party may terminate the commercial agreement in the event of a breach by the other party that is not cured within 45 days. In the event of a change of control, either party may terminate the commercial agreement by giving written notice. The termination will become effective after a three-year lock-in period. If the termination occurs within the first four years of the commercial agreement, we will be required to repay the value of the support provided under the agreement plus a penalty of $4 million for each remaining year of the initial ten-year period. Jumia may terminate the commercial agreement in case Mastercard’s stake in Jumia falls within the first five years below 70% of the shares purchased in the Concurrent Private Placement or below 50% at any time thereafter.

 

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EXPENSES OF THE OFFERING

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, that we expect to incur in connection with the offer and sale of our ADSs. With the exception of the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the stock exchange listing fee and the FINRA filing fee, all of these amounts are estimates.

 

Expenses

  

Amount

 

Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee

   $ 30,106  

FINRA filing fee

     37,760  

Stock exchange listing fee

     104,000  

Legal fees and expenses

     2,000,000  

Accounting fees and expenses

     1,540,190  

Printing fee

     250,000  

Depositary expenses

      

Other fees and expenses

     1,784,756  
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 5,746,812  

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the shares and the ADSs with respect to German and U.S. federal law and New York state law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, our German and U.S. counsel. Certain legal matters with respect to German and U.S. federal law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Latham & Watkins (London) LLP, German and U.S. counsel for the underwriters.

 

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EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG (formerly Africa Internet Holding GmbH) as of December 31, 2017 and as of December 31, 2018 and for the years then ended appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Ernst & Young, Société Anonyme, Luxembourg, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The current address of Ernst & Young, Société Anonyme, is 35E Avenue John F. Kennedy, L1855 Luxembourg.

 

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ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) organized under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. Our registered offices and most of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, all of the members of our management board, three out of eight supervisory board members, our senior management and the experts named herein are residents of Germany or jurisdictions other than the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals or upon us or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws against us in the United States. Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Germany. In addition, actions brought in a German court against us or the members of our management board and supervisory board, our senior management and the experts named herein to enforce liabilities based on U.S. securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions; in particular, German courts generally do not award punitive damages. Litigation in Germany is also subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. Proceedings in Germany would have to be conducted in the German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into German. For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a German court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, the members of our management board, supervisory board, or senior management and the experts named in this prospectus. In addition, even if a judgment against our company, members of our management board, supervisory board, our senior management or the experts named in this prospectus based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in U.S. or German courts.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1 under the Securities Act, including amendments and relevant exhibits and schedules, covering the underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs to be sold in this offering. The ADS depositary has also filed with the SEC a related registration statement on Form F-6 to register the ADSs. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement on Form F-1, summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents included in the registration statement. Since this prospectus does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement on Form F-1, you should read the registration statement on Form F-1 and its exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and our ADSs.

Immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form F-1, we will become subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Our annual reports on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for all subsequent years will be due within four months after fiscal year-end in accordance with applicable SEC rules. We are not required to disclose certain other information that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. Also, as a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing of proxy statements to shareholders and members of our management and supervisory boards, and our principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

We intend to furnish the depositary with a copy of all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports, communications, and information that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting received by the depositary from us.

Our SEC filings, including the registration statement on Form F-1, are also available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov .

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page  

Consolidated Financial Statements for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2  

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2018 and 2017

     F-3  

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

     F-4  

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

     F-5  

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

     F-6  

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

     F-7  

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Management and the Supervisory Board of Jumia Technologies AG (formerly Africa Internet Holding GmbH)

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Africa Internet Holding GmbH and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young

Ernst & Young

Société Anonyme

Cabinet de Révision Agréé

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

Luxembourg

February 6, 2019

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

          As of  

In thousands of EUR

   Note    December 31
2018
    December 31
2017
 

Assets

       

Non-current assets

       

Property and equipment

   7      5,020       3,375  

Intangible assets

   8      180       471  

Deferred tax assets

        175       182  

Other non-current assets

        1,263       946  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Non-current assets

        6,638       4,974  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current assets

       

Inventories

   9      9,431       9,429  

Trade and other receivables

   10      13,034       19,575  

Other taxes receivable

   15      4,898       4,345  

Prepaid expense and other current assets

   11      7,384       3,426  

Cash and cash equivalents

        100,635       29,728  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Current assets

        135,382       66,503  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets

        142,020       71,477  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity and Liabilities

       

Equity

       

Share capital

   12      133       133  

Share premium

   12      845,787       629,802  

Other reserves

        66,093       50,917  

Accumulated losses

        (862,048     (677,695
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company

        49,965       3,157  

Non-controlling interests

   5      (117     (15,768
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Equity

        49,848       (12,611
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

       

Current liabilities

       

Borrowings

   25            2,244  

Trade and other payables

   14      47,681       44,600  

Income tax payables

        147       117  

Other taxes payable

   15      7,425       7,628  

Provisions for liabilities and other charges

   16      30,427       25,660  

Deferred income

   17      6,492       3,839  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Current liabilities

        92,172       84,088  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

        92,172       84,088  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Equity and Liablities

        142,020       71,477  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

          For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   Note    December 31
2018
    December 31
2017
 

Revenue

   18      130,569       94,036  

Cost of revenue

        84,849       65,825  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

        45,720       28,211  

Fulfillment expense

   19      50,466       34,436  

Sales and advertising expense

   20      47,527       37,926  

Technology and content expense

   21      22,432       20,586  

General and administrative expense

   22      94,925       89,050  

Other operating income

        172       1,313  

Other operating expense

        277       2,193  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

        (169,735     (154,667

Finance income

   23      1,590       2,282  

Finance costs

   23      1,349       1,517  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before Income tax

        (169,494     (153,902

Income tax expense

   24      887       11,456  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the year

        (170,381     (165,358
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

       

Equity holders of the Company

        (170,071     (161,579

Non-controlling interests

        (310     (3,779
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the year

        (170,381     (165,358
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income/(loss) to be classified to profit or loss in subsequent periods

       

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations - net of tax

        (9,312     47,834  

Other comprehensive income / (loss) on net investment in foreign operations - net of tax

        9,072       (48,367
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss

        (240     (533
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

        (170,621     (165,891
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

       

Equity holders of the Company

        (170,247     (163,180

Non-controlling interests

        (374     (2,711
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

        (170,621     (165,891
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

            Attributable to equity holders of the Company              

In thousands of EUR

   Share
Capital
     Share
premium
     Accumulated
losses
    Capital
reserves
    Exchange
difference on net
investment  in
foreign
operations
    Currency
translation
adjustment
    Total
other
reserves
    Equity
attributable
to the Equity
holders of the
Company
    Non-
controlling
interests
    Total
Equity
 

As of January 1, 2017

     133        509,802        (499,474     34,040       (49,973     43,619       27,686       38,147       (31,728     6,419  

Loss for the year

                   (161,579                             (161,579     (3,779     (165,358

Other comprehensive loss

                               (46,834     45,234       (1,600     (1,600     1,068       (532
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

                   (161,579           (46,834     45,234       (1,600     (163,179     (2,711     (165,890
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Capital contribution (Note 12)

            120,000                                      120,000             120,000  

Share-based payments (Note 13)

                         26,258                   26,258       26,258             26,258  

Derecognition of loan from Rocket

                   580                               580       31       611  

Change in Non-controlling interests

                   (17,222     (1,427                 (1,427     (18,649     18,640       (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017

     133        629,802        (677,695     58,871       (96,807     88,853       50,917       3,157       (15,768     (12,611

Loss for the year

                   (170,071                             (170,071     (310     (170,381

Other comprehensive loss

                               9,053       (9,229     (176     (176     (64     (240
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

                   (170,071           9,053       (9,229     (176     (170,247     (374     (170,621
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Capital contribution (Note 12)

            215,985                                      215,985       36       216,021  

Share-based payments (Note 13)

                         17,256                   17,256       17,256       153       17,409  

Buy back of shares from non-controlling interests (Note 5)

                   (350                             (350           (350

Change in Non-controlling interests (Note 5)

                   (13,932           (1,888     (16     (1,904     (15,836     15,836        
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2018

     133        845,787        (862,048     76,127       (89,642     79,608       66,093       49,965       (117     49,848  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

            For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   Note      December 31
2018
    December 31
2017
 

Loss before Income tax

        (169,494     (153,902

Depreciation and amortization

     7,8,22        2,166       1,637  

Impairment losses on loans, receivables and other assets

     10,22        4,436       3,270  

Impairment losses on obsolete inventories

     9        288       1,084  

Share-based payment expense

     13        17,409       26,258  

Loss/(Gain) on disposal of property, equipments and intangible assets

     7,8        52       (238

Cost related to write-off during mergers

              26  

Net accrued interest and similar (income)/expense

     23        (17     (193

Net unrealized foreign exchange (gain)/loss

        (620     (571

(Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables, prepayments and VAT receivables

        (717     (20,820

(Increase)/Decrease in inventories

        (636     (6,554

Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables, prepayments and VAT payables

        4,995       26,695  

Change in provision for other liabilities and charges

     16        4,935       6,905  

Income taxes paid

        (1,809     (573
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in operating activities

        (139,012     (116,976
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

       

Purchase of property and equipment

     7        (3,508     (2,150

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

     7        20       17  

Purchase of intangible assets

     8        (27     (103

Proceeds from sale of intangible assets

     10        219       231  

Movement in other non-current assets

        (337     (576
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

        (3,633     (2,581
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

       

Proceeds from borrowings

              1,556  

Repayment of borrowings

     25        (2,244      

Financial interest paid

     25        (142      

Capital contributions

     12        215,985       120,000  

Buy back of shares from non-controlling interests

     5        (350      
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows from financing activities

        213,249       121,556  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

        70,604       1,999  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

        303       (2,060
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

        29,728       29,789  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

        100,635       29,728  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

1      Corporate information

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes present the operations of Africa Internet Holding GmbH (the “Company” or “AIH”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group” or “Jumia”).

The Company was incorporated on June 26, 2012, is domiciled in Germany and has its registered office located at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin. The Group operates in e-commerce across the African continent.

As of December 31, 2018, Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings (Pty) Ltd (“MTN”), Rocket Internet SE (“Rocket”) and Millicom International Cellular SA (“Millicom”) own respectively 31.28%, 21.74% and 10.15% of the Company. Other shareholders are AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH (8.86%), AXA Africa Holding SAS (6.06%), Atlas Countries Support S.A. (6.06%), Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l. (5.51%), CDC Group (4.04%), Rocket Investment Funds (3.48%) and Goldman Sachs (2.83%).

Jumia is the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Jumia’s platform consists of a marketplace, which connects sellers with consumers, a logistics service, which enables the shipping and delivery of packages from sellers to consumers, and a payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active on Jumia’s platform.

The Group has incurred significant losses since its incorporation. According to its business plan, the Group expects to continue generating losses in the coming years as it makes the necessary investments to grow its business and extend its geographical footprint. The Group will therefore continue to require significant funding either from existing or new shareholders.

The consolidated financial statements disclose all matters of which the Group is aware, and which are relevant to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, including all significant events and mitigating factors. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Group will continue as a going concern, and which contemplates the recoverability of assets and the satisfaction of the liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The going concern is based on the fact that the Group had cash position of EUR 100,635 thousand as of December 31, 2018 and the Group also executed an investment agreement with a commitment of EUR 75 million with a new shareholder (“Pernod Ricard”) during the year ended December 31, 2018 which has been fully paid in January 2019, as set out in the Note 28. Therefore, the Group has sufficient resources to operate as a going concern for the next 12 months.

On February 4, 2019, the Supervisory Board authorized these consolidated financial statements for issuance.

2      Summary of significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

a) Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group (“consolidated financial statements”) have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB (“IFRS”).

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for any financial assets or liabilities and share based compensation plan, which have been measured at fair value. The consolidated financial statements are presented in euros and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (€000), except when otherwise indicated.

 

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b) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as the Company, using consistent accounting policies.

Subsidiaries are those investees that the Group controls because the Group (i) has power to direct relevant activities of the investees that significantly affect their returns, (ii) has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investees, and (iii) has the ability to use its power over the investees to affect the amount of investor’s returns. The existence and effect of substantive rights, including substantive potential voting rights, are considered when assessing whether the Group has power over another entity. For a right to be substantive, the holder must have practical ability to exercise that right when decisions about the direction of the relevant activities of the investee need to be made. The Group may have power over an investee even when it holds less than majority of voting power in an investee. In such a case, the Group assesses the size of its voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of the other vote holders to determine if it has de-facto power over the investee. Protective rights of other investors, such as those that relate to fundamental changes of investee’s activities or apply only in exceptional circumstances, do not prevent the Group from controlling an investee. The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control.

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, revenue and expense of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognizes the related assets, liabilities, non-controlling interest and other components of equity, while any resultant gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Group consolidated 78 and 99 subsidiaries, respectively.

c) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses.

Costs of minor repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. The cost of replacing major parts or components of property and equipment items are capitalized and the replaced part is written off.

Whenever events or changes in market conditions indicate a risk of impairment of property and equipment, management estimates the recoverable amount, which is determined as the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and the impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss for the year.

Depreciation on items of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

 

    

Useful life in years

Buildings

   Up to 40

Transportation equipment

   5 to 8

Technical equipment and machinery

   3 to 10

Furniture and office equipment

   5 to 15

Leasehold improvements

   Shorter of useful life and the term of the underlying lease

 

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The assets’ useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. A recognized item of property and equipment and any significant part derecognized upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of operations when the asset is derecognized.

d) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset (or assets) and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset (or assets), even if that asset is (or those assets are) not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Leases are classified as either finance or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of assets are accounted for as a finance lease, resulting in the recognition of an asset and incurrence of a lease liability at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are recognized in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Group had no finance leases as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

e) Intangible assets

The Group’s intangible assets have definite useful lives and primarily include capitalized software licenses. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Acquired software licenses and patents are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring them to use.

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives:

 

     Useful life in years
Acquired software licenses    1 to 3

The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the statement of operations in the expense category that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets. If impaired, the carrying amount of intangible assets is written down to the higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell.

f) Financial instruments – initial recognition and subsequent measurement

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Due to the short-term nature of our financial instruments the carrying value approximates fair value.

In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” that replaces IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” and all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three aspects of the accounting for financial instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 became effective as of January 1, 2018.

As permitted under IFRS, the Group adopted the standard without restating comparatives for classification, measurement and impairment. The cumulative effect of initially applying IFRS 9 on the balance of accumulated losses at January 1, 2018 was immaterial for the Group.

 

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Financial assets

The Group has financial assets in the form of bank deposits (forming a part of cash and cash equivalents), trade notes and accounts receivable and other receivables.

Accounting policy applied in the year ended December 31, 2017:

The financial assets are initially recognized at fair value which primarily represents original invoiced amount. Notes receivable are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Impairment or allowances are recognized when there is objective evidence that the Group may not be able to collect the trade, note and other receivables. Balances are written off within “general and administrative expense” when recoverability is assessed as being remote. Amounts are derecognized when paid by the counter party.

Accounting policy applied since January 1, 2018:

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost, cash flows need to arise as ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.

Trade notes and accounts receivable are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) applying the simplified method permitted by IFRS 9 for trade receivables. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. Using the practical expedient that is allowed by the standard, the Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience for the past 2 years, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment, which will be adjusted every reporting date based on economic conditions.

To calculate ECL, the group has calculated historical loss rates for the last 2 years for which data was available, adjusted by a forward-looking factor of 10%, which incorporated several macroeconomic elements such as the countries’ GDP, inflation and unemployment rates. The ECL charge is recognized within General and administrative expense.

Financial liabilities

The Group has financial liabilities in the form of trade and other payables that are initially recognized at fair value which primarily represents the original invoiced amount. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Trade and other payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as

 

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current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expired. This policy remains unchanged in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

g) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating-unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

h) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined on first-in-first out basis (FIFO) method. The cost of inventory includes purchase costs and costs incurred to bring the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Impairment losses, if any, due to obsolete materials and slow inventory movement have been deducted from the carrying amount of the inventories.

i) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, for which the risk of changes in value is insignificant.

j) Value added tax

Output value added tax (“VAT”) related to sales is payable to tax authorities on the earlier of (a) collection of receivables from consumers or (b) delivery of goods or services to consumers. Input VAT is generally recoverable against output VAT upon receipt of the VAT invoice. VAT related to sales and purchases is recognized in the statement of financial position on a gross basis and disclosed separately as an asset and liability. Where a provision has been made for impairment of receivables, the gross amount of the debtor, including VAT, is provided for.

k) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) because of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the

 

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obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects some or all provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain.

The expense relating to a provision is presented in profit or loss net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

l) Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currencies

Amounts included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Euros (EUR), which is the Group’s presentation currency.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group’s entities at their respective functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of operations within finance costs and finance income.

The Group considers that monetary long-term receivables or loans for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is, in substance, a part of the entity’s net investment in that foreign operation. The related foreign exchange differences and income tax effect of the foreign exchange differences are included in the exchange difference on net investment in foreign operations within equity. In case of repayment, the Group has elected to maintain exchange differences in equity until disposal of the foreign operation. On disposal of a foreign operation, the deferred cumulative amount recognized in equity relating to that particular foreign operation is reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

The following table presents currency translation rates against the Euro for the Group’s most significant operations.

 

          2018  

Country

  

Currency

   Average Rate      Year-end Rate  

Algeria

   Algerian Dinar (DZD)      137.24        135.02  

Cameroon

   CFA Franc BEAC (XAF)      655.96        655.96  

Ivory Coast

   CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)      655.96        655.96  

Egypt

   Egyptian Pound (EGP)      21.00        20.46  

Ghana

   Cedi (Ghana) (GHS)      5.51        5.55  

Kenya

   Kenyan Shilling (KES)      118.63        115.77  

Morocco

   Moroccan Dirham (MAD)      11.04        10.89  

Nigeria

   Naira (NGN)      424.60        415.46  

Rwanda

   Rwanda Franc (RWF)      1,006.49        995.64  

Senegal

   CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)      655.96        655.96  

South Africa

   Rand (ZAR)      15.60        16.46  

Tunisia

   Tunisian Dinar (TND)      3.09        3.35  

United Republic Of Tanzania

   Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)      2,678.57        2,625.28  

Uganda

   Uganda Shilling (UGX)      4,373.73        4,226.75  

United Arab Emirates

   UAE Dirham (AED)      4.34        4.20  

 

          2017  

Country

  

Currency

   Average Rate      Year-end Rate  

Algeria

   Algerian Dinar (DZD)      124.87        137.13  

Cameroon

   CFA Franc BEAC (XAF)      655.96        655.96  

Ivory Coast

   CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)      655.96        655.96  

Egypt

   Egyptian Pound (EGP)      20.12        21.26  

Ghana

   Cedi (Ghana) (GHS)      4.95        5.42  

Kenya

   Kenyan Shilling (KES)      114.99        122.47  

Morocco

   Moroccan Dirham (MAD)      10.81        11.18  

Nigeria

   Naira (NGN)      375.90        426.92  

Rwanda

   Rwanda Franc (RWF)      930.62        1,001.13  

Senegal

   CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)      655.96        655.96  

South Africa

   Rand (ZAR)      15.02        14.80  

Tunisia

   Tunisian Dinar (TND)      2.71        2.94  

United Republic Of Tanzania

   Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)      2,491.24        2,676.82  

Uganda

   Uganda Shilling (UGX)      4,036.54        4,329.02  

United Arab Emirates

   UAE Dirham (AED)      4.15        4.40  

Translation into presentation currency

On consolidation, the results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

i. Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;

ii. Income and expense for each item of the statement of comprehensive income (loss) are translated at average exchange rates;

 

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iii. All resulting exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation are recognized in other comprehensive income.

m) Revenue from contracts with customers

The Group generates revenue primarily from commissions, sale of goods, fulfillment, marketing and provision of other services.

Accounting policy applied in the year ended December 31, 2017:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of promotional discounts, rebates, return allowances and value added taxes. The Group recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured; when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity; and when the risks and rewards of the inventory have passed to the consumer, which is generally when the goods have been delivered to the consumer.

The Group evaluates if it is a principal or an agent in a transaction to determine whether revenue should be recorded on a gross or a net basis. When the Group is primarily obliged in a transaction, subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or has several but not all of the indicators, revenue is recorded on a gross basis. When the Group is not the primary obligor, does not bear the inventory risk and does not have the ability to establish price, revenue is recorded on a net basis.

The Group bases its estimate of sales returns on historical results, taking into consideration the type of consumer, the type of transaction, the specifics of each arrangement and the contractual terms (applicable return period). The Group has estimated the level of sales returns to be immaterial as of December 31, 2017.

The Group grants vouchers and free gift cards to consumers. Store credit vouchers issued for returns are offset against the sales return allowance and reduce the consumer receivable balance for sale of goods and the refund liability balance for commission-based transactions. Discount vouchers are accounted for as a reduction of the sales price for the sale of goods and as sales and advertising expense for commission-based transactions. Free gift cards are accounted for as sales and advertising expense in the profit or loss and are recorded as voucher accruals until the point in time in which they are used or until the likelihood of use of such gift cards is remote or expired.

Accounting policy applied since January 1, 2018:

The Group adopted IFRS 15 using the modified retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial application of January 1, 2018. Under this method, the standard can be applied either to all contracts at the date of initial application or only to contracts that are not completed at this date. The Group elected to apply the standard to all contracts as of January 1, 2018.

The cumulative effect of initially applying IFRS 15 should be recognized at the date of initial application as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. The effect of adopting IFRS 15 as of January 1, 2018 was immaterial for the Group and therefore, the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 was not adjusted.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

 

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The Group evaluates if it is a principal or an agent in a transaction to determine whether revenue should be recorded on a gross or a net basis, which requires Management judgment. In performing their analysis, the Group considers first whether it controls the goods before they are transferred to the customers and if it has the ability to direct the use of the goods or obtain benefits from them. The Group also considers the following indicators:

 

  -   The latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers

 

  -   The inventory risk borne by the Group before and after the goods have been transferred to the customer

When the Group is primarily obliged in a transaction, subject to inventory risk, has, or has several but not all of the indicators, the Group acts as principal and revenue is recorded on a gross basis. When the Group is not the primary obligor, does not bear the inventory risk and does not have the ability to establish price, the Group acts as agent and revenue is recorded on a net basis.

Revenue recognition policies for each type of revenue stream are as follows:

(1) Commissions

This revenue is related to the online selling platform which provides sellers the ability to sell goods directly to consumers. In this case, Jumia generates a commission fee (normally a percentage of the selling price) which is based on agreements with the sellers. Jumia’s performance obligation with respect to these transactions is to arrange the transaction through the online platform, however the Group does not have any discretion in setting the price of the goods to be sold, nor does it bear any inventory risk for the goods to be shipped to the customer. As such, the Group is considered to be an agent in these transactions and recognizes revenue on a net basis for the agreed upon commission at the point in time when the goods or services are delivered to the end customer.

(2) Sales of goods

Revenue from sales of goods relates to transactions where Jumia acts directly as the seller, where it enters into an agreement with a consumer to sell goods. These goods are sold for a fixed price as determined by the Group and the Group bears the obligation to deliver those goods to the consumer. As such, the Group is considered to be the principal in these transactions and recognizes sales on a gross basis for the selling price at the point in time when the goods are delivered to the consumer. The delivery of the goods is not a separate performance obligation, as the consumer cannot benefit from the goods without the delivery, which must be performed by Jumia. Therefore, revenue for goods and delivery are recognized at a point in time.

(3) Fulfillment

The Group provides certain fulfillment services to the sellers, and generally charges a “delivery fee” to consumers. Fulfillment services provided to sellers are agreed contractually with each seller and recognized according to the actual consumption of such services. The price for such fulfillment services are defined at the time of purchase through the Jumia platform, and the Group has unilateral power in establishing these fulfillment services. The Group is therefore the principal in these transactions and fulfillment fees are recognized on a gross basis in revenue. The revenue from fulfillment services is recognized at a point in time.

(4) Marketing

The Group provides advertising services to non-vendors, such as performance marketing campaigns, placing banners on the Jumia platform or sending newsletters. The advertising services are contractually

 

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agreed with the advertisers. As Jumia establishes pricing and is primarily obliged to deliver these advertising services, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. The campaigns and banners are usually run for a short period of time only. Accordingly, the revenue is recognized at a point in time rather than over a period.

(5) Other services

The Group provides other services to its sellers for which it charges fees such as logistics services, marketing services for marketplace sellers and packaging of products ahead of shipment. As Jumia establishes pricing, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Revenue for logistics is recognized over time as the performance obligation is being performed while revenue for marketing services and packaging of products is recognized when the respective service is completed.

Accounting for refunds, vouchers, and free gift cards under IFRS 15 has not significantly changed for the Group. The estimated the level of sales returns is immaterial as of December 31, 2018.

n) Fulfillment

Fulfillment expense represents those expenses incurred in operating and staffing the Group’s fulfillment and consumer service centers, including expense attributable to procuring, receiving, inspecting, and warehousing inventories and picking, packaging, and preparing consumer orders for shipment, including packaging materials. Fulfillment expense also include expense relating to consumer service operations and amounts paid to third parties who assist us in fulfillment and consumer service operations.

o) Sales and advertising

Sales and advertising expenses represent expenses associated with the promotion of our marketplace and include online and offline marketing expenses, promotion of the brand through traditional media outlets, certain expense related to our consumer acquisition and engagement activities and other expense associated with our market presence.

p) Technology and content

Technology and content expenses consist principally of research and development activities, including wages and benefits, for employees involved in application, production, maintenance, operation for new and existing goods and services, as well as other technology infrastructure expense.

q) Employee benefits

Wages, salaries, paid annual leave and sick leave, bonuses, and other benefits (such as health services) are accrued in the year in which the associated services are rendered by the employees of the Group.

r) Share-based compensation

The Group operates equity-settled share-based payment plans, under which directors and employees receive a compensation in form of equity instrument or equity derivative of the Company or one of its subsidiaries for the services provided. Awards are granted with service and/or performance vesting conditions.

 

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The total amount to be expensed for services received is determined by reference to the grant date fair value of the share-based payment award made. For share-based payment awards, we analyze whether the exercise price paid (or payable) by a participant, if any, exceeds the estimated market price of the underlying equity instruments at the grant date. Any excess of (i) the estimated market value of the equity instruments and (ii) the exercise price results in share-based payment expense.

The excess of the fair value and the exercise price, as determined at the grant date is expensed as employee benefits expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on management’s estimate of the number of awards that will eventually vest, with a corresponding credit to equity. For awards with graded-vesting features, each instalment of the award is treated as a separate grant (i.e., each instalment is separately expensed over the related vesting period). Option awards issued by the Group are initially measured using Black-Scholes valuation model on the grant date and are not subsequently re-measured.

No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest such as in the case of an award forfeited by an employee due to failure to satisfy the vesting conditions. When an award is cancelled (other than by forfeiture for failure to satisfy the vesting conditions) during the vesting period, it is treated as an acceleration of vesting, and the entity recognizes immediately the amount that would otherwise have been recognized for services received over the remainder of the vesting period. When an award is surrendered by an employee (other than by forfeiture for failure to satisfy the vesting conditions), it is accounted for as a cancellation.

When new equity instruments are granted during the vesting period of the currently vesting awards, and on the date that they are granted, they are identified as replacement of the currently vesting awards, they are treated as a modification. The incremental fair value of replacement awards is recognized over its vesting period, and the replaced awards continue to be expensed as scheduled.

s) Income taxes

The income tax charge comprises of current tax and deferred tax and is recognized in profit or loss for the year, unless it relates to transactions that are recognized directly in equity.

Current taxes are measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities on the taxable profits or losses based on the prevailing tax rates on the reporting date and any adjustments to taxes payable in previous years. Taxable profits or losses are based on estimates if financial statements are authorized prior to filing relevant tax returns.

The calculation of deferred taxes is based on the balance sheet liability method that refers to the temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. The method of calculating deferred taxes depends on how the asset’s carrying amount is expected to be realized and how the liabilities will be paid. However, in accordance with the initial recognition exemption, deferred taxes are not recorded for temporary differences on initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction other than a business combination if the transaction, when initially recorded, affects neither accounting nor taxable profit. Deferred taxes are measured at tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets are offset against deferred tax liabilities if the taxes are levied by the same taxation authority and the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax. Deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry forwards are recorded only to the extent that they are believed to be recoverable.

 

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t) Segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker, which are the same figures as those presented in the statement of operations. The chief operating decision maker is comprised of two Co-CEOs and the CFO. In the period presented, the Group had one operating and reportable segment, an e-Commerce platform. Although the e-Commerce platform consists of different business platforms of the Group, the chief operating decision-maker makes decisions as to how to allocate resources based on the long-term growth potential of the Company as determined by market research, growth potential in regions, and various internal key performance indicators. The following overview shows the Group’s geographical distribution of revenue and property, plant and equipment.

 

Revenue

   For the year ended  

in thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

West Africa (*)

     66,069        45,234  

North Africa (**)

     37,855        29,013  

South Africa (***)

     15,418        12,330  

East Africa (****)

     10,718        4,581  

Portugal

     509        2,067  

France

            623  

Germany

            188  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     130,569        94,036  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment

   As of  

in thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

West Africa (*)

     2,552        1,883  

North Africa (**)

     1,620        1,021  

South Africa (***)

     336        197  

East Africa (****)

     344        260  

Portugal

     109        13  

United Arab Emirates

     58         

Germany

     1        1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     5,020        3,375  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

West Africa covers Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon and Ghana.

(**)

North Africa covers Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria.

(***)

South Africa covers South Africa.

(****)

East Africa covers Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda.

3      Significant accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions in applying accounting policies

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires its management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, including disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

 

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Judgments

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

Consolidation of entities:

In course of its operations, Jumia uses services from entities in which it does not hold the majority of the voting rights. These entities are either:

 

  -   operating services companies for the Group providing payroll and support services,

 

  -   operating e-commerce services in countries where a local partner is required to hold majority of the voting rights

 

  -   owned by group executive acting as de-facto agent for the Group.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Group has determined that it controls these entities as it has power over the investees, rights to variable returns and the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of these returns.

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Group applied the following judgements that significantly affect the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers:

Principal versus agent considerations

The Group enters into contracts where it acts as a seller and determines the price and bears the obligation to deliver those goods to the consumer. Under these contracts, the Group determines that it controls the goods before they are transferred to customers and hence is a principal. Additionally, in cases where the group enters into transactions wherein it provides fulfillment and marketing services, it is obliged to deliver the services as well as has the discretion to set the price, and hence is considered as a principal in such transactions.

In cases where the Group enters into a contract that provides the selling platform to vendors to sell goods directly to consumers, the Group has no discretion in setting the price and has no inventory risk and hence is considered as the agent in such transactions.

Estimates and assumptions

Uncertain tax positions

The application of tax rules to complex transactions is sometimes open to interpretation, both by the Group and taxation authorities. Those interpretations of tax law that are unclear are generally referred to as uncertain tax positions.

Uncertain tax positions are assessed and reviewed by management at the end of each reporting period. Liabilities are recorded for tax positions that are determined by management as more likely than not to result in additional taxes being levied if the positions were to be challenged by the tax authorities. The assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. These judgments are

 

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based on the interpretation of tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, and any known court or other rulings on such issues. Liabilities for penalties, interest and taxes are recognized based on management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligations at the end of the reporting period. Management’s best estimate of the amount to be provided is determined by their judgment and, in some cases, reports from independent experts. Further details can be found in note 16.

Share-based compensation

For grants prior to July 1, 2017, the Group measured the fair value of its ordinary shares and the equity value of each of its subsidiaries.

The fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares as of each award grant date was determined using the market approach based on external rounds of financing.

The Group employed the prior sale of company stock method to estimate its aggregate equity value, which considers any prior arm’s length sales of the company’s equity securities. Considerations factored into the analysis include: the type and amount of equity sold, the relationship of the parties involved, risk-free rate, the timing compared to the ordinary shares valuation date and the financial condition and structure of the company at the time of the sale. Throughout 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Group held a number of financing rounds which resulted in the issuance of shares. The shares were transacted with existing and new investors, and therefore the Group considered the pricing a strong indication of fair value.

The equity value of each subsidiary was estimated using the income approach, based on expected future cash flows. The future cash flows are discounted using a weighted average cost of capital that takes into consideration the stage of development of the business and the industry and geographies in which the Group operates.

For grants subsequent to July 1, 2017, the Group measured the fair value of its ordinary shares and of its call options as indicated below.

The fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares was based on the income approach to estimate the equity value of the Group. The future cash flows are discounted using a weighted average cost of capital that takes into consideration the stage of development of the business in each of the countries in which the Group operates.

The fair value of the Group’s call options is derived from the fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares measured based on the Black-Scholes-Merton formula with the underlying assumptions that:

 

  -   The options can be exercised only on the expiry date

 

  -   There are no taxes or transaction costs and no margin requirements

 

  -   The volatility of the underlying asset is constant and is defined as the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period

 

  -   The risk-free interest rate is relatively constant over time

This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield. These inputs, and the volatility assumption in particular, are considered to be highly complex and subjective. Because the Group’s shares have not been historically publicly traded, it lacks sufficient company-specific historical and implied volatility information for

 

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its shares. Therefore, it estimates expected share price volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded share price. Further details can be found in note 13.

Inventories

The valuation of inventory at net realizable value requires judgments, based on currently-available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual consumers, returns to product vendors, or liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. These assumptions about future disposition of inventory are inherently uncertain and changes in estimates and assumptions may cause material write-downs in the future. Further details can be found in note 9.

Impairment of trade and other receivables

The Group estimates losses on trade and other receivables based on known troubled accounts and historical experience of losses incurred. Receivables are considered impaired and written off when it is probable that all contractual payments due will not be collected in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained based on an assessment of the collectability of specific consumer accounts, the aging of receivable and other economic information on both a historical and prospective basis. Further details can be found in the Note 10.

4      New accounting pronouncements

a) New standards, interpretations and amendments adopted by the Group

The Group applied IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 as of January 1, 2018.

Based on the analysis performed, the impact arising from IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 is immaterial. See Note 2 “Summary of significant accounting policies”.

The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.

b) Standards issued but not yet effective

The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are disclosed below. The Group intends to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they become effective.

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and it replaces IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees – leases of ’low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognize

 

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a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset.. The change in presentation of operating lease expenses will result in a corresponding increase in cash flows from operating activities and a decrease in cash flows from financing activities.

According to the new standard, Jumia shall determine the lease term including any lessee’s extension or termination option that is deemed reasonably certain. The assessment of such options shall be performed at the commencement of a lease and requires judgment by the management. Measuring the lease liability at the present value of the remaining lease payments requires using an appropriate discount rate in accordance with IFRS 16. The discount rate is the interest rate implicit in the lease or if that cannot be determined, the incremental borrowing rate at the date of the lease commencement. The incremental borrowing rate can have a significant impact on the net present value of the right-of use asset and lease liability recognized and requires judgement.

Lessees will remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in IAS 17 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases.

IFRS 16, is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 and requires lessees and lessors to make more extensive disclosures than under IAS 17.

Transition to IFRS 16

The Group has decided to adopt IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective method in IFRS 16, and, therefore, will only recognize leases identified under IFRIC 4 and IAS 17 on balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. These liabilities will be measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. The right-of-use asset will be measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments relating to that lease recognized in the statement of financial position immediately before the date of initial application.

Jumia will apply the following practical expedients as allowed by the Standard:

 

   

apply a single discount rate to the assets with similar characteristics – since Jumia only have leases of buildings, namely offices, warehouse and Hubs, therefore each group entity will use the same discount rate of all leases assets with similar lease terms.

 

   

elect to use the exemption proposed by standard on lease contracts for which the lease terms end within 12 months as of the date of initial application.

 

   

not recognize leases whose term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application.

 

   

Jumia will exclude initial direct costs from the measurement of right-of-use assets at the date of initial application.

During 2018, the Group has performed a detailed impact assessment of IFRS 16. While the Group is finalizing the implementation of the new standard, as a preliminary result, it expects to recognize right-of-use

 

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assets and lease liabilities between EUR 9,000 thousand and EUR 9,500 thousand. The impact on accumulated deficit is expected to be immaterial.

There are no other standards that are issued and not yet effective, that are expected to have a material impact on the Group’s financial statements.

5      Material partly-owned subsidiaries

Financial information of subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests is provided below.

The proportion of equity interest held by non-controlling interests is as follows:

 

     Country of incorporation
and operation
     As of  

Name

   December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     NIGERIA        0.29     5.11

Jumia Egypt LLC

     EGYPT        0.18     2.25

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     MOROCCO        0.18     3.28

ECART services Kenya Limited

     KENYA        0.18     1.45

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     IVORY COAST        0.18     1.25

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     SOUTH AFRICA        0.18     1.96

Net equity attributed to non-controlling interests of these subsidiaries is as follows:

 

     As of  

Name

   December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     (608     (8,947

Jumia Egypt LLC

     (163     (1,318

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     (110     (1,533

ECART services Kenya Limited

     (92     (506

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     (96     (485

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     (63     (559

Other subsidiaries

     1,015       (2,420
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (117     (15,768
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity interest held by non-controlling interests declined in 2018 primarily as a result of the roll-up of participations in subsidiaries from the previous share-based compensation plan to participations in holding entity (Jumia UG & Co.) which was legally executed during 2018. Additionally, the Group purchased shares held by non-controlling interest in the amount of EUR 350 thousand.

 

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The statutory financial position and comprehensive income of these subsidiaries attributed to non-controlling interests are shown below:

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2018  

In thousands of EUR

   Revenue      Loss for the year     Total Comprehensive
loss of the year
 

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     80        (103     (104

Jumia Egypt LLC

     41        (47     (47

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     23        (25     (25

ECART services Kenya Limited

     16        (30     (29

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     52        (26     (26

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     28        (12     (11
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     240        (243     (242
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2017  

In thousands of EUR

   Revenue      Loss for the year     Total Comprehensive
loss of the year
 

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     1,395        (2,609     (3,355

Jumia Egypt LLC

     351        (490     (550

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     402        (508     (549

ECART services Kenya Limited

     51        (238     (307

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     188        (164     (164

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     242        (82     (81
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     2,629        (4,091     (5,006
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2018  

In thousands of EUR

   Total
Non-current assets
     Total
Current assets
     Total
Current liabilities
 

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     4        19        424  

Jumia Egypt LLC

     2        11        164  

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     2        9        120  

ECART services Kenya Limited

     1        11        88  

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     1        12        109  

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     1        15        41  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     11        77        946  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2017  

In thousands of EUR

   Total
Non-current assets
     Total
Current assets
     Total
Current liabilities
 

ECART Internet Services Nigeria

     73        510        5,564  

Jumia Egypt LLC

     15        233        1,556  

ECART services Morocco Sarl

     19        164        1,712  

ECART services Kenya Limited

     5        244        636  

ECART services Ivory Coast SRL

     5        69        559  

Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd

     5        103        267  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     122        1,323        10,294  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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At the level of the subsidiary that generates the non-controlling interest, operating loss is a fair representation of the operating cash flow of the period.

6      Key management compensation

Key management includes the senior executives. The compensation paid or payable to key management for employee services is shown below:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Short-term benefits

     

Salaries

     2,345        2,696  

Benefits in-kind

     10        100  

Share-based compensation

     

Equity-settled share-based compensation

     10,756        21,477  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     13,111        24,273  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

See Note 13 for additional information regarding the share-based compensation plans.

 

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7      Property and Equipment

Movements in the carrying amount of property and equipment for the year were as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

   Buildings     Technical
equipment and
machinery
    Transportation
equipment,

office
equipment

and other
equipment
    Total  

Cost

        

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     778       688       6,267       7,733  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     344       323       1,482       2,149  

Disposals

           (24     (270     (294

Effect of translation

     (125     (126     (1,150     (1,401

Write-off

           (5     (88     (93

Reclassification

                 98       98  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     997       856       6,339       8,192  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     377       618       2,513       3,508  

Disposals

     (6     (1     (217     (224

Effect of translation

     17       10       125       152  

Reclassification

     109             (94     15  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     1,494       1,483       8,666       11,643  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation

        

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     (459     (338     (3,536     (4,333
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Depreciation charge

     (167     (160     (1,022     (1,349

Accumulated depreciation on disposals

           1       65       66  

Effects of translation

     84       60       591       735  

Write-off

           5       88       93  

Reclassification

           15       (44     (29
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     (542     (417     (3,858     (4,817
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Depreciation charge

     (268     (273     (1,319     (1,860

Accumulated depreciation on disposals

     1             151       152  

Effects of translation

     (16     (6     (66     (88

Reclassification

     (39           29       (10
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     (864     (696     (5,063     (6,623
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amount as of December 31, 2017

     455       439       2,481       3,375  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying amount as of December 31, 2018

     630       787       3,603       5,020  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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8      Intangible assets

Movements in the carrying amount of intangibles were as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

      

Cost

  

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     1,356  
  

 

 

 

Additions

     103  

Effect of translation

     (5

Reclassification

     (98
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     1,356  
  

 

 

 

Additions

     27  

Disposals

     (1

Effect of translation

     (16

Reclassification

     (15
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     1,351  
  

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization

  

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     (628
  

 

 

 

Amortization charge

     (288

Effects of translation

     1  

Reclassification

     30  
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     (885
  

 

 

 

Amortization charge

     (306

Accumulated amortization on disposals

     1  

Effects of translation

     9  

Reclassification

     10  
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     (1,171
  

 

 

 

Carrying amount as of December 31, 2017

     471  
  

 

 

 

Carrying amount as of December 31, 2018

     180  
  

 

 

 

Intangible assets relate mainly to acquired software.

9      Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

 

     As of  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

Merchandise available for sale

     10,593       10,864  

Less: Provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories

     (1,162     (1,435
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Inventories

     9,431       9,429  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories

The movement in the provision for inventories is as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

  

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     900  
  

 

 

 

Additions

     1,273  

Reversal

     (189

Use of provision

     (411

Effect of translation

     (138
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     1,435  
  

 

 

 

Additions

     945  

Reversal

     (657

Use of provision

     (576

Effect of translation

     15  
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     1,162  
  

 

 

 

10    Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables comprise of the following:

 

            As of  

In thousands of EUR

   Note      December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

Advances to suppliers

        236       1,659  

Thereof to related parties

     25              28  

Trade notes and accounts receivable

        12,319       14,349  

Thereof to related parties

     25        402       3,825  

Less: Allowance for impairment of trade notes and accounts receivable

        (4,254     (3,221

Thereof to related parties

     25              (143 )  

Unbilled revenues

        1,518       2,255  

Receivables from disposal of assets

              219  

Accrued marketplace revenue

        24       812  

Other receivables

        3,675       3,887  

Thereof to related parties

     25        6       772  

Less: Allowance for impairment of other receivables

        (484     (385

Thereof to related parties

     25              (142 )  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Trade and other receivables

        13,034       19,575  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

Allowance for expected credit losses

The movement of allowance for expected credit losses (“ECL”) of trade notes and accounts receivables and other receivables is as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

   ECL of trade notes
and accounts
receivable
    ECL of other
receivables
 

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     2,545       187  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     3,513       294  

Reversal

     (537      

Use of provision

     (1,929     (54

Effect of translation

     (371     (42
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     3,221       385  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     4,847       119  

Reversal

     (499     (31

Use of provision

     (3,405      

Effect of translation

     90       11  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     4,254       484  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The ageing analysis of trade notes and accounts receivables is as follows:

 

                                Past due but not impaired  

In thousands of EUR

   Total net      Total
gross
     Total
expected
credit losses
    Neither past
due nor
impaired
     < 30
days
     30 - 90
days
     >90
days
 

As of December 31, 2018

     8,065        12,319        (4,254     5,389        946        1,655        75  

As of December 31, 2017

     11,128        14,349        (3,221     1,893        8,531        704         

See Note 26 for disclosure of how the Group manages and measures credit quality of trade and other receivables that are neither past due nor impaired.

11    Prepaid expense and other current assets

As of December 31, 2018, prepaid expense and other current assets comprise of advance payments to the Group’s partners for flight and other online payment services amounting to EUR 1,474 thousand (2017: nil) and prepaid fees related to a planned capital transaction amounting to EUR 1,257 thousand (2017: nil). The remaining amount of EUR 4,653 thousand is related to prepaid rent, insurance and other goods and services (2017: EUR 3,426 thousand).

12    Share capital and share premium

The total authorized number of ordinary shares is 132,631 shares as at December 31, 2018 (2017: 132,623 shares) with a par value of EUR 1.00 per share. All issued ordinary shares are fully paid. Each ordinary share carries one vote. During the financial year 2018, a total of eight ordinary shares were issued (2017: four) out of the authorized capital for ELQ Investors VIII Ltd.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

The share capital structure is as of follows:

 

     As of  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

MTN

     36        36  

Millicom

     25        25  

Rocket

     28        28  

AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH

     12        12  

Chelsea Wharf Holding Sarl

     7        7  

AXA Africa Holding

     8        8  

Orange

     8        8  

CDC Group

     5        5  

Goldman Sachs

     4        4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total share capital

     133        133  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In 2018, the Group called and received capital contributions amounting to EUR 215,985 thousand (2017: EUR 120,000 thousand). The composition of the capital contributions during 2018 and 2017 and the cumulative share premium as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2017      As of December 31, 2018  

In thousands of EUR

   Share
premium
     To be
paid
     Capital
received
     Share
premium
     To be
paid
 

MTN

     243,017        59,978        59,978        302,995         

Millicom

     69,975                      69,975         

Rocket

     45,008        14,993        14,993        60,001         

AEH New Africa eCommerce I GmbH

     109,595                      109,595         

Chelsea Wharf Holding Sarl

     68,231                      68,231         

AXA Africa Holding

     30,010        44,985        44,985        74,995         

Orange

     30,010        44,985        44,985        74,995         

CDC Group

     20,002        30,001        30,001        50,003         

Goldman Sachs

     13,954        21,043        21,043        34,997         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total share premium

     629,802        215,985        215,985        845,787         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

13    Share-based compensation

2012 Call-Option Plan – the previous agreements

As from 2012, eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries were provided with the opportunity to invest indirectly in the equity instruments of a subsidiary of the Company, via a trustee company holding the equity instruments (“Original Trust Interest”).

Share-based payment awards were directly tied to the value of the local subsidiaries. The fair value of share-based payment awards made relate to equity instruments of the Company and its subsidiaries. In relation to employees’ share investments, the employee and the Company entered into an angel agreement containing certain obligations regarding vesting rights which relate to the indirect share interest holding of the employee in the partnership. Accordingly, the grant date was established no later than the date of the last signature of these agreements since both parties had explicitly agreed to the arrangement as of this date.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

For most participants, the start of the vesting period was on an earlier date than the grant date. In this case, expense was recognized based on an estimated grant date fair value until the grant date fair value was determined. The expense was recognized over the period that services were received. The awards included graded-vesting features. The awards had a vesting period of 36 or 48 months. The first tranche vested after 6-months, while the remaining awards vested in equal instalments on a quarterly basis over the vesting period.

The plan remained active until June 30, 2017.

Option Program 2016 – the new agreements

In 2017, a new equity-settled share-based payment plan was adopted, which replaced the eligible awards in the plan rolled out in 2012 and gives out new awards to current employees. The new plan took effect from July 1, 2017.

Under the new share-based payment plan, there are two types of awards: option and participation.

Participation awards represent a new partnership interest and capital participation in the Jumia UG & Co. which effectively holds the entire business of the Group. These awards (“Jumia Trust Interest”) are only given to selected participants to replace their previous indirect share interest holding (“Original Trust Interest”). The previous agreement was modified so that the original Trustee (“Bambino 53. V V UG”) ceased to exist and all converted Trust Interests are transferred to the new Trustee (“Juwel. 179 V V UG”). All participation awards vest in full at the grant date.

Option awards are a call-option contract on equity instruments of Jumia UG & Co. which can be exercised in the future to obtain participation in Jumia UG & Co. The call-option agreement includes 2 groups of call-options:

Privileged group: awards which vest in full at the grant date.

Ordinary group: awards with 4 alternative vesting conditions:

 

  Alternative   1: vest in full after a cliff period, generally from 9 to 18 months.

 

  Alternative   2: vest in full once either the Holding or Supported Enterprises reach Profitability.

 

  Alternative   3: vest in full one year after an Exit.

 

  Alternative   4: vest in full when the value of the Holding reaches a target at the Exit date.

A group of participation awards and privileged option awards were accounted for as replacement to the discontinued 2012 Call-Option plan. In case of replacement, the number of awards granted was determined based on the estimated fair value of the Original Trust Interest in each individual subholding and the estimated fair value of Jumia UG & Co. The Group did not incur any material expense in connection with the replacements.

Any Original Trust Interest which was not replaced by one of these awards in the new Option Program 2016 was cancelled and all previously unrecognized expense has been recognized in 2017.

In 2018, a total of 97,456 awards have been granted with the maximum term of 1.92 years (2017: 833,419 awards, with the maximum term of 2.5 years). The total share-based payment expense recognized as personnel expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 amounted to EUR 17,409 thousand (2017: EUR 26,258 thousand).

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

The fair values of the call options derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton model using the fair value of the Group’s equity instruments estimated using the income approach under which the fair value is estimated based on cash flows expected to be generated in the future based on revenue and gross merchandise value (GMV).

The following inputs to the option valuation models were used:

 

     Granted May 1, 2018  

Fair value of share

     EUR 91.56  

Exercise price

     EUR 1, EUR 15 or EUR 37  

Risk-free interest rate (i)

     0

Expected dividend yield (ii)

     0

Expected life (years) (iii)

     0.92 years or 1.92 years  

Expected volatility (iv)

     40

 

     Granted December 1, 2018  

Fair value of share

     EUR 96.38  

Exercise price

     EUR 1, EUR 15 or EUR 37  

Risk-free interest rate (i)

     0

Expected dividend yield (ii)

     0

Expected life (years) (iii)

     0.33 years or 1.33 years  

Expected volatility (iv)

     40

 

     Granted July 1, 2017  

Fair value of share

     EUR 98.71  

Exercise price

     EUR 1, EUR 15 or EUR 37  

Risk-free interest rate (i)

     1

Expected dividend yield (ii)

     0

Expected life (years) (iii)

     1.5 years or 2.5 years  

Expected volatility (iv)

     44

 

(i)

Risk-free interest rate is based on German government bond yields consistent to the expected life of options. A risk-free rate of 0% is considered as a floor.

(ii)

Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% based on the fact that the Group has no history or expectation of paying a dividend

(iii)

Expected life of share options is based on the average between the vesting period and the contractual term for each grant.

(iv)

Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of the Group’s comparable companies in the period equal to the expected life of each grant

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

Summary of awards as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and their variation during the years is as follows:

 

     Number of
awards
    Weighted
average
remaining
life
(years)
     Weighted
average
exercise
price
(euro)
     Weighted
average fair
value

(euro)
 

Unvested awards outstanding at January 1, 2018

     601,591       2.1        1.9        83.3  

Granted during the period

     84,128       1.0        2.8        89.0  

Granted as a replacement during the period

     13,328       0.9        1.0        93.8  

Exercised during the period

              

Replaced during the period

     (313        1.0        2,308.4  

Forfeited during the period

     (34,379        1.0        83.3  

Cancelled during the period

     (85        1.0        6,676.0  

Vested during the period

     (75,062     0.4        1.8        85.1  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2018

     589,208       1.0        1.8        83.8  

Vested awards outstanding at January 1, 2018

     233,479       1.4        2.2        82.6  

Cancelled during the period

     (594        0.6        1,007.4  

Forfeited during the period

     (146     1.4        2.2        82.9  

Replaced during the period

     (647        1.0        1,559.8  

Vested during the period

     75,062       0.4        1.8        85.1  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2018

     307,154       0.3        1.8        83.4  

 

     Number of
awards
    Weighted
average
remaining
life
(years)
     Weighted
average
exercise
price
(euro)
     Weighted
average fair
value

(euro)
 

Unvested awards outstanding at January 1, 2017

     5,436       5.8        1.0        1,719.7  

Granted during the period

     784,556       2.0        2.1        85.7  

Granted as a replacement during the period

     48,863       1.1        3.2        68.1  

Replaced during the period

     (4,763        1.0        1,307.9  

Cancelled during the period

     (263        1.0        185.9  

Vested during the period

     (232,238     1.4        2.2        82.6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2017

     601,591       2.1        1.9        83.3  

Vested awards outstanding at January 1, 2017

     9,071       5.8        1.0        2,162.7  

Replaced during the period

     (7,830        1.0        2,097.5  

Vested during the period

     232,238       1.4        2.2        82.6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2017

     233,479       1.4        2.2        82.6  

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

14    Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables comprise the following:

 

            As of  

In thousands of EUR

   Note      December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Trade payables and outstanding invoices

        9,653        15,370  

Thereof to related parties

     25        82        557  

Invoices not yet received

        18,155        14,974  

Thereof to related parties

     25        34         

Accrued employee benefit costs

        6,877        6,753  

Thereof to related parties

     25               (143 )  

Sundry accruals

        12,996        7,503  

Thereof to related parties

     25        302         
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade and Other Payables

        47,681        44,600  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sundry accruals relate principally to consultancy, legal, marketing, IT and logistics services.

Terms and conditions of the above financial liabilities:

 

   

Trade payables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled on 0-90 day terms

 

   

Other payables are non-interest bearing and have an average term of 1-2 months

 

   

For terms and conditions with related parties, refer to Note 25.

For explanations on the Group’s credit risk management processes, refer to Note 26.

15    Other taxes payable & Other taxes receivable

Other taxes payable relates to Value added taxes amounting to EUR 739 thousand (2017: EUR 2,151 thousand) and Withholding Tax amounting to EUR 6,686 thousand (2017: EUR 5,477 thousand).

Other taxes receivable relates to Value added taxes amounting to EUR 4,172 thousand (2017: EUR 4,345 thousand) and Income tax benefits amounting to EUR 726 thousand (2017: nil).

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

16    Provisions for liabilities and other charges

Movements in provisions for liabilities and other charges are as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

   Tax risks     Provision for
other expenses
    Total  

Balance as of January 1, 2017

     265       795       1,060  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     17,704       552       18,256  

Reversal

     (518     (117     (635

Use of provision

           (344     (344

Reclassification

     7,550       (10     7,540  

Effect of translation

     (142     (75     (217
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

     24,859       801       25,660  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     5,725       60       5,785  

Reversal

     (454     (396     (850

Use of provision

           (324     (324

Effect of translation

     143       13       156  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2018

     30,273       154       30,427  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax risk provision includes provisions related to income tax for EUR 10,596 thousand (2017: EUR 10,749 thousand), provisions related to VAT for EUR 8,221 thousand (2017: EUR 5,831 thousand) and provisions related to other taxes for EUR 11,456 thousand (2017: EUR 8,279 thousand). During the year 2017, the Group revised its obligation of tax liabilities and subsequently tax liability classification. Since the settlement of these tax obligations is now considered to be uncertain, the Group reclassified the related obligation from tax payables to provision for tax risk.

Provision for other expense mainly includes restructuring provision of EUR nil (2017: EUR 315 thousand), the provision for lost/damaged marketplace and consignment goods of EUR 69 thousand (2017: EUR 241 thousand), and various litigation and penalty provisions of EUR 85 thousand (2017: EUR 245 thousand).

17    Deferred income

Deferred income consists of EUR 1,166 thousand related to a prepayment from MTN in Nigeria disclosed in the Note 25. Other amounts include individual payments received from end customers in advance for goods that have been ordered but are not yet delivered.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

18    Revenue

Revenue comprise the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Sales of goods

     81,642        68,205  

Commissions

     15,603        11,512  

Fulfillment

     14,980        6,297  

Marketing

     2,262        1,716  

Other revenue

     16,082        6,306  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Revenue

     130,569        94,036  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The disaggregation of the Group’s revenue from contracts with customers by region is disclosed in the Note 2 t) Segments.

19    Fulfillment expense

Fulfillment expense comprise the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Freight and shipping expense

     29,923        15,140  

Employee benefits expense

     16,970        15,970  

Warehouse handling expense

     2,348        2,003  

Warehouse other expense

     1,174        923  

Other fulfillment expense

     51        400  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Fulfillment expense

     50,466        34,436  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

20    Sales and advertising expense

Sales and advertising expense comprise the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Advertising & Marketing expense

     36,189        29,739  

Employee benefits expense

     5,830        5,125  

Fees and commissions to sales consultants

     5,508        3,062  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sales and advertising expense

     47,527        37,926  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

21    Technology and content expense

Technology and content expense comprise the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Employee benefits expense

     11,691        10,930  

IT maintenance and infrastructure expense

     10,741        9,656  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Technology and content expense

     22,432        20,586  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

22    General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense comprise the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Employee benefits expense

     47,644        51,273  

Professional fees

     9,830        5,257  

Withholding tax and other taxes

     4,778        4,615  

Provision on tax risk

     5,271        6,470  

Office and infrastructure

     5,354        4,274  

Travel and entertainment

     3,596        3,171  

Rental expense

     5,091        3,989  

Depreciation and amortization

     2,166        1,637  

Bad debt expense, net

     4,436        3,270  

General sub-contracts

     2,835        2,214  

Bank fees & payment cost

     2,980        1,699  

Other general and administrative expense

     944        1,181  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

General and administrative expense

     94,925        89,050  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Employee benefits expense includes share options granted to eligible employees of EUR 17,409 thousand (2017: EUR 26,258 thousand).

23    Finance income and finance costs

Finance income and finance costs comprise of the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018      December 31, 2017  

Foreign exchange gain

     1,369        1,978  

Interest and similar income

     221        304  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance income

     1,590        2,282  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign exchange loss

     1,145        1,406  

Interest and similar expense

     204        62  

Other

            49  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance costs

     1,349        1,517  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

24    Income tax

Below is the reconciliation of tax expense and the accounting profit for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

Loss before income tax

     (169,494     (153,902

Statutory tax rate

     29.04     28.34
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expected income tax benefit

     49,226       43,615  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non deductible expense

     (18,826     (29,513

Non taxable income

     890       344  

Deferred tax asset not recognized

     (32,170     (25,909

Deferred tax asset (used) / recognized

     (7     7  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

     (887     (11,456
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate

     0.52     7.44

Income tax expense comprises the following:

 

     For the year ended  

In thousands of EUR

   December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  

Current tax

     (880     (11,463

Deferred tax

     (7     7  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Income tax expense

     (887     (11,456
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax losses available for offsetting against future taxable profits, and for which no deferred tax assets were recognized, were as follows:

 

                  As of  

In thousands of EUR

                December 31, 2018     December 31, 2017  
Country    Duration      Rate     Accumulated tax
loss [gross]
    Accumulated tax
loss [gross]
 

Germany

     Indefinite        30.2            

Morocco

     4 years        31.0     (25,848     (20,569

Egypt

     5 years        22.5     (61,942     (17,693

Nigeria

     Indefinite        30.0     (145,143     (82,049

South Africa

     Indefinite        28.0     (28,267     (23,050

Kenya

     9 Years        30.0     (39,135     (28,594

Ivory Coast

     5 years        25.0     (19,962     (18,298

Ghana

     3 years        25.0     (5,228     (4,791

Other

     N/A        N/A       (32,974     (51,697
       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

          (358,499     (246,741
       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of these losses as they may not be used to offset taxable profits elsewhere in the Group. They have arisen in subsidiaries that have been loss- making for some time, and there is no other tax planning opportunities or other evidence of recoverability in the near future.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

25    Transactions and balances with related parties

Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties

The following is a description of related party transactions the Group has entered into since January 1, 2017, with members of our supervisory or management board, executive officers or holders of more than 10% of any class of our voting securities.

Transactions with Rocket Internet

In 2012, our subsidiary AIH General Merchandise Nigeria UG & Co. KG (“AIH GM Nigeria”) and an affiliate of Rocket Internet SE, Emerging Markets Asia eCommerce Holding GmbH (“EMA eCommerce”), entered into a loan agreement for EUR 606 thousand. On December 21, 2012, EMA eCommerce as-signed the loan to Rocket Internet SE. The loan was payable on demand and had an interest rate of 0.5% per annum. The balance as of December 31, 2016 was EUR 611 thousand. In 2017, the loan was derecognized.

During 2016 and 2017, Rocket Internet has financed the Group’s operation in Tanzania by loans to AIH General Merchandise Tanzania UG & Co. KG (“AIH GM Tanzania”) and Juwel 193. VV UG & Co. 132 KG (“Juwel 132”). The total balance of borrowings from Rocket Internet as of December 31, 2017 was EUR 2,244 thousand. As of December 31, 2018, the Group has repaid in full the original borrowings and interest in amount of EUR 2,386 thousand. Therefore, the borrowings balance as of December 31, 2018 is nil.

The Group provided certain IT, marketing and other services to several affiliated with Rocket Internet SE. The Group invoiced total amounts of EUR 184 thousand (2017: EUR 2,345 thousand) for such services.

The Group received certain IT, marketing and other services from several companies affiliated with Rocket Internet SE. The Group was charged a total EUR 359 thousand (2017: EUR 992 thousand) for such services.

Transactions with MTN

The Group engages in several initiatives with affiliates of our shareholder Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings (Pty) Ltd. For example, consumers may pay for transactions on Jumia’s platform with MTN’s mobile money. The Group has also set up dedicated MTN branded online stores on our platform. In 2018, the Group also entered into an agreement in which MTN prepaid for their employees’ purchases in Jumia’s platform.

Transactions with Orange

Orange offers their consumers the ability to buy their mobile phones through our platform. Orange also operates mobile money platforms on which Orange consumers can pay for goods purchased on our marketplace, and Orange collects the cash to be remitted to us. Some common initiatives to promote our services have also been set up with Orange affiliates, with the aim of reducing our acquisition costs on the related markets.

In connection with the business relationships described above, the Group has partnership agreement regarding marketplace services with Orange. The purpose of this agreement is to define the terms and conditions pursuant to which Orange and its affiliates have access to the partnership services offered by us by showcasing Orange products for sale on our marketplace. The Group also has a mobile money partnership agreement with Orange. The purpose of this agreement is to create a non-exclusive partnership allowing our consumers to pay the goods and the services provided by our affiliates, notably on their websites, by way of the Orange Money services.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

Transactions with AXA

The Group has distribution arrangements with AXA S.A., an affiliate of our shareholder AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. According to this agreement, AXA S.A. and its affiliates have exclusivity and matching rights concerning insurance products and services we offer. We entered into insurance agreements with AXA Africa Holding S.A.S. In 2018, we paid insurance premiums of EUR 1,490 thousand (2017: EUR 251 thousand) to AXA Africa Holding S.A.S.

Transactions with Jeremy Hodara

In October 2018, Jeremy Hodara, co-CEO and a member of the management board, sold his entire participation in Jumia Facilities Management Services LLC (“Jumia Facilities”) to the Group. Jumia Facilities is a company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and was incorporated by an individual local shareholder holding 51% on our behalf and Jeremy Hodara, who held the remaining 49%. The purpose of Jumia Facilities is limited to the provision of operational services to the Group, such as marketing and support services. According to Jumia Facilities’ Memorandum of Association, Jeremy Hodara was appointed managing director of the Jumia Facilities. Jumia Facilities’ operations are financed through loans granted by the Group. Profits and losses of the company are to be borne by the Group as well. The sale of participation did not result in a change in consolidation or control.

The outstanding balances with related parties (current trade and loan receivables and payables) are as follows:

 

            As of December 31, 2018  

In thousands of EUR

   Note      Rocket
Internet
     MTN      Orange      AXA      Others      Total  

Trade and other receivables

     10        6        262        140                      408  

in which: Allowance for impairment loss

     10                                            

Prepaid expense and other current assets

                      23                      23  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

        6        262        163                      431  

Borrowings

                                            

Trade and other payables

     14        104        191        94               29        418  

Deferred income

     17               1,166                             1,166  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

        104        1,357        94               29        1,584  

 

            As of December 31, 2017  

In thousands of EUR

   Note      Rocket
Internet
    MTN      Orange      AXA      Others      Total  

Trade and other receivables

     10        783       217        3,585        5        35        4,625  

in which: Allowance for impairment loss

     10        (285                                 (285
     

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

        498       217        3,585        5        35        4,340  

Borrowings

        2,244                                   2,244  

Trade and other payables

     14        272       81        154        50               557  
     

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

        2,516       81        154        50               2,801  

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

The income and expense amounts with related parties were as follows:

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2018  

In thousands of EUR

   Rocket
Internet
    MTN     Orange     AXA     Others     Total  

Revenue

     184       661       4,476       5             5,326  

Expenses

     (359     (487     (4,771     (1,490     (102     (7,209
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net profit and loss

     (175     174       (296     (1,485     (102     (1,884

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2017  

In thousands of EUR

   Rocket
Internet
    MTN     Orange     AXA     Others     Total  

Revenue

     2,345       134       2,862                   5,341  

Expenses

     (992     (708     (3,219     (251     (139     (5,309
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net profit and loss

     1,353       (574     (357     (251     (139     32  

26    Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Group is exposed to credit and market risks. The risks are monitored by appropriate management at each level. The Group’s financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures, and financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Group’s policies. The Supervisory Board reviews and approves the policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarized below.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions and foreign exchange transactions.

Trade receivables

The Group’s exposure to credit risk of trade receivables is primarily on transactions with corporate consumers. The Group evaluates this risk through detailed ageing analysis and also detailed analysis of the credit worthiness of the consumers at each reporting date. The Group follows risk control procedures to assess the credit quality of the customers taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. The compliance with credit limits by corporate customers is regularly monitored by management.

Sales to retail consumers are required to be settled in cash or using major credit cards, mitigating credit risk. There are no significant concentrations of credit risk, whether through exposure to Individual consumers, specific industry sectors and/or regions.

The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) applying the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

On December 30, 2018, certain Group entities (Jumia Facilities, Ecart Internet Services Nigeria Limited, Ecart Services Ivory Coast SARL, Ecart Services Kenya Limited, Ecart Services Morocco and Jumia Egypt LLC) entered into the account consolidation and settlement agreements with certain international marketplace vendors. Therefore, the Group has offset associated trade receivables and payables for an amount of EUR 324 thousand as of December 31, 2018.

The Group does not hold collateral as security. The Group evaluates the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables and contract assets as low, as its customers are located in several jurisdictions and industries and operate in largely independent markets.

As of December 31, 2018, the Group has as an allowance for uncollectible receivables of EUR 4,254 thousand (2017: EUR 3,221 thousand) as set out in the Note 10. Additionally, the Group has as an allowance for uncollectible other receivables of EUR 484 thousand (2017: EUR 385 thousand). The total ECL provision represents 36% (2018: 18%) of the total trade and other receivables.

Cash deposits

Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Group’s treasury department in accordance with the Group’s policy. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is the carrying amount as illustrated in cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet.

The expected credit losses (“ECL”) from cash and cash equivalents, are estimated by the Group as immaterial as of January 1, 2018. Therefore cash and cash equivalents and opening accumulated losses have not been adjusted accordingly. On December 31, 2018, the impact of measuring ECL for cash and cash equivalents remains immaterial and therefore not recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Majority of the cash deposit balances are maintained in Germany. German bank accounts are secured via the deposit protection fund, which secures all bank deposits up to 20% of the liable equity of the bank.

Liquidity and capital management

The primary objective of the Group’s liquidity and capital management is to monitor the availability of cash and capital in order to support its business expansion and growth. The Group manages its liquidity and capital structure with reference to economic conditions, performance of its local operations and local regulations. Funding is managed by a central treasury department that monitors the amounts of funds to be granted according to Management and Shareholder approval. All funding follows strict operational and legal monitoring executed by the treasury and legal departments.

To manage its capital structure, the Group has historically issued capital calls towards its shareholders as described in the Note 12. The proceeds received from these capital calls are regularly used to fund the development of the operations of the Group. The capital calls are generally triggered when the Group cash balance drops below EUR 20,000 thousand. As of December 31, 2018, the Group has entered into an investment agreement securing EUR 75 million of additional equity to be paid in 2019 (see subsequent events, Note 28). Most of funding is transferred to operating entities in the form of loans which are eliminated in consolidation.

As all funds come exclusively from the shareholders and there are no external borrowings, the Group mitigates the risk of interest.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

Based on the cash flow forecast for 2019, the Group has sufficient liquidity as of December 31, 2018 for the next twelve months.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The Group’s market risk relates to foreign currency risks. Financial instruments affected by foreign currency risk include cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and trade and other payables. The Group does not hedge its foreign currency risk.

Foreign currency risk

As the Group operates in multiple countries, the exposure to foreign currency is inherent and is part of the day to day business. The principle characteristics are summarized below:

 

  -   Cash is held in Euros at the Group level

 

  -   Each foreign entity is funded by Group loans, in Euros, on average every six weeks based on a detailed cash flow forecast

 

  -   Foreign exchange risk management occurs only at the Group-level.

Foreign currency sensitivity:

The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in Euros and major currencies by the Group (EGP, ZAR, NGN, MAD, GHS, KES, AED), with all other variables held constant. The Group’s exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material.

The Group assessed a possible change of +/-5% to the all mentioned currencies, and a potential change of +/-10% to South Africa Rand (ZAR) due to valuation fluctuations in 2018 of 2.4% to 5.5% of all mentioned currencies except for South Africa (ZAR) with 11.2% fluctuation. Intercompany loans bear the majority of the Group’s foreign currency risk as they are issued and are repayable in Euro. Fluctuation of various ex-change rates in Africa and the resulting related foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

The impacts in the major local currencies are as follows:

 

In thousands of EUR

        Effect on pre-tax equity     Effect on profit before tax  

Change in EGP/EUR rate

                 
    5     (4,374     77  
    -5     4,374       (77

Change in ZAR/EUR

                 
    10     (2,963     (26
    -10     2,963       26  

Change in NGN/EUR

                 
    5     (8,410     22  
    -5     8,410       (22

Change in MAD/EUR

                 
    5     (3,172     43  
    -5     3,172       (43

Change in GHS/EUR

                 
    5     (939     31  
    -5     939       (31

Change in KES/EUR

                 
    5     (2,692     20  
    -5     2,692       (20

27    Commitments and contingencies

Operating lease commitments — Group as lessee

The Group has entered into commercial leases of warehouses, office premises and transportation.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases amount to EUR 9,230 thousand (2017: EUR 5,309 thousand), breakdown as follow:

 

In thousands of EUR

   <1 year      1 to 5 years      > 5 years  

Future minimum lease payments as of

        

December 31, 2018

     4,360        4,870         

December 31, 2017

     2,887        2,335        87  

Tax contingencies

The Group has contingent liabilities related to potential tax claims arising in the ordinary course of business.

As of December 31, 2018, there are ongoing tax audits in various countries. Some of these tax enquiries have resulted in re-assessments, whilst others are still at an early stage and no re-assessment has yet been raised. Management is required to make estimates and judgments about the ultimate outcome of these investigations or litigations in determining legal provisions. Final claims or court rulings may differ from management estimates.

 

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AFRICA INTERNET HOLDING GMBH AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

 

As of December 31, 2018, the Group has accrued for net tax provisions in the amount of EUR 30,273 thousand (2017: EUR 24,859 thousand) as a result of the assessment of potential exposures due to uncertain tax positions as well as pending and resolved matters with the relevant tax authorities (note 16).

In addition to the above tax risks, in common with other international groups, the conflict between the Group’s international operating model, the jurisdictional approach of tax authorities and some domestic tax requirements in relation to withholding tax and VAT compliance and recoverability rules, could lead to a further EUR 6 million in additional uncertainty on tax positions. The likelihood of future economic outflows with regard to these potential tax claims is however considered as only possible, but not probable. Accordingly, no provision for a liability has been made in these consolidated financial statements.

The Group may also be subject to other tax claims for which the risk of future economic outflows is currently evaluated to be remote.

28    Subsequent events

Investment by Pernod Ricard

A new financing round was signed in December 2018 with a new investor, who committed to make a cash investment in the amount of EUR 75 million.

The share capital of EUR 7,105 was registered on January 3, 2019 and equals to 5.08 % of the shares of the Company. The EUR 75 million cash contribution was fully paid on January 8, 2019.

Reorganization

On January 31, 2019, the shareholders of Africa Internet Holding GmbH changed its name and converted legal form to Jumia Technologies AG which was registered at Berlin District Court, Germany, under the number HRB 203542 B. The domiciliation of the company and registered address did not change.

No adjustments have been made to the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

 

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13,500,000 American Depositary Shares

Representing 27,000,000 Ordinary Shares

 

 

 

 

 

LOGO

 

 

 

 

MORGAN STANLEY   CITIGROUP     BERENBERG   RBC CAPITAL MARKETS

 

RAYMOND JAMES   STIFEL   WILLIAM BLAIR

 

 

 

Through and including             , 2019 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that buy, sell or trade our ADSs, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.


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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 6.

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Under German law, we may not, as a general matter, indemnify members of our management board and supervisory board. Certain limited exceptions may apply if the indemnification is in the legitimate interest of our Company. We will indemnify our management board and supervisory board members, to the extent permissible under German law, from and against any liabilities arising out of or in connection with their services to us.

We provide directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for the members of our management and supervisory boards against civil liabilities, which they may incur in connection with their activities on behalf of our company. We intend to expand our insurance coverage against such liabilities, including by providing for coverage against liabilities under the Securities Act.

In the underwriting agreement, the form of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement, the underwriters will agree to indemnify, under certain conditions, us, the members of our supervisory board, management board and persons who control our company within the meaning of the Securities Act, against certain liabilities, but only to the extent that such liabilities are caused by information relating to the underwriters furnished to us in writing expressly for use in this registration statement and certain other disclosure documents.

 

Item 7.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the past three years, we have issued and sold the following securities without registering the securities under the Securities Act. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, regarding transactions not involving a public offering, or in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions. None of the transactions involved an underwriter.

 

Purchaser(s)

   Date of Sale or
Issuance
     Title and Total Number of
Securities Issued (1)
     Total Consideration
(in € millions)
 

Rocket Internet SE

Rocket Internet Capital Partners SCS

Rocket Internet Capital Partners (Euro) SCS

Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited

     March 20, 2016        13,394 ordinary shares      125.0  

AXA Africa Holding S.A.S.

     March 21, 2016        8,036 ordinary shares      75.0  

ELQ Investors II Limited (2)

     May 13, 2016        3,738 ordinary shares      35.0  

Atlas Countries Support S.A.

     May 18, 2016        8,036 ordinary shares      75.0  

CDC Group PLC

     June 21, 2016        5,358 ordinary shares      50.0  

AEH New Africa eCommerce GmbH

Chelsea Wharf Holdings S.à r.l.

     July 17, 2016        19,057 ordinary shares      177.9  

Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH

     January 3, 2019        7,105 ordinary shares      75.0  

 

(1)

The number of shares listed here do not reflect the capital increase from own resources resolved upon on February 15, 2019.

(2)

In addition to the shares issued as listed above, we agreed to provide an option to ELQ Investors II Limited to increase the registered share capital, at once or in several transactions, up to a total of twelve shares. Between 2016 and the date of this prospectus, all twelve additional shares have been issued.

 

Item 8.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule

The exhibits listed in the exhibit index, appearing elsewhere in this registration statement, have been filed as a part of this registration statement.

 

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Table of Contents

All schedules have been omitted since they are not required or are not applicable or the required information is shown in the audited consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

Item 9.

Undertakings

(1) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

(2) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 6 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the registrant by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(3) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

(a) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description of Exhibit

1.1†    Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1**    Articles of Association of the Registrant
3.2**    Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board of the Registrant
3.3**    Rules of Procedure of the Management Board of the Registrant
4.1†    Form of Deposit Agreement between the Registrant, the depositary and holders of American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary receipts issued thereunder
4.2†    Form of American Depositary Receipt evidencing American Depositary Shares (included in Exhibit 4.1)
4.3**    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2018, by and among the Registrant and the parties listed therein
5.1†    Opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP regarding the validity of ordinary shares
8.1†    Opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP as to U.S. tax matters
8.2†    Opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP as to German tax matters (included in Exhibit 5.1)
10.1**    Investment Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2018, among Jumia Technologies AG, its shareholders and Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH
10.2**    Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2018
10.3†    Form of Information Sharing Agreement by and among Jumia Technologies AG and Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings (Pty) Ltd
10.4†    Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG, Option Program 2016
10.5†    Jumia Technologies AG, Stock Option Program 2019
10.6†    Jumia, Virtual Restricted Stock Unit Program 2019
10.7†    Private Placement Agreement, dated March 27, 2019, between Jumia Technologies AG and Mastercard Europe SA
21.1†    List of Significant Subsidiaries
23.1†    Consent of Ernst & Young, Société Anonyme
23.2†    Consent of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1, 8.1 and 8.2)
24.1**    Powers of Attorney (included on signature page to the registration statement)

 

Filed herewith.

**

Previously filed.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Berlin, the Federal Republic of Germany on March 28, 2019.

 

Jumia Technologies AG
By  

/s/ Jeremy Hodara

  Name:   Jeremy Hodara
  Title:  

Co-Chief Executive Officer and

Member of the Management Board

 

By  

/s/ Sacha Poignonnec

  Name:   Sacha Poignonnec
  Title:  

Co-Chief Executive Officer and

Member of the Management Board

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below does hereby constitute and appoint Jeremy Hodara and Sacha Poignonnec, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution and re-substitution, for and in such person’s name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by the registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

  

Date

 

/s/ Jeremy Hodara

Jeremy Hodara

   Co-Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Management Board   

March 28, 2019

/s/ Sacha Poignonnec

Sacha Poignonnec

   Co-Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Management Board   

March 28, 2019

 

/s/ Antoine Maillet-Mezeray

Antoine Maillet-Mezeray

   Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer   

March 28, 2019

 

 

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES

Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly appointed representative in the United States of Jumia Technologies AG has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto in the city of Newark, State of Delaware on March 28, 2019.

 

Puglisi & Associates
By:  

/s/ Donald J. Puglisi

  Name: Donald J. Puglisi
  Title: Managing Director

 

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Exhibit 1.1

                                                              American Depositary Shares

Representing an Aggregate of                                          Ordinary Shares

JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES, EACH REPRESENTING [ ] ORDINARY SHARES, NO PAR VALUE

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

                     , 2019

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

As Representatives of the several Underwriters listed on Schedule I hereto

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

      1585 Broadway

      New York, NY 10036

c/o Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

      388 Greenwich Street

      New York, NY 10013

c/o Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

      1251 Avenue of the Americas-53rd floor

      New York, NY 10020

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Jumia Technologies AG, a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and registered with the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, under number HRB 203542 (the “ Company ”), proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “ Underwriters ”) for whom you are acting as representatives (the “ Representatives ”) an aggregate of [●] ordinary bearer shares with no par value ( auf den Inhaber lautende Stammaktien ohne Nennwert ( St ü ckaktien )) and a notional attributable value ( rechnerischer Nennwert ) of €1.00 (the “ Firm Shares ”), in the form of [●] American Depositary Shares (the “ Firm ADSs ”). The Company also proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters not more than an additional [●] newly issued ordinary bearer shares with no par value (the “ Additional Shares ”), in the form of [●] American Depositary Shares (the “ Additional ADSs ”), if and to the extent that you, as Representatives of the offering, shall have determined to exercise, on behalf of the Underwriters, the right to purchase such shares granted to the Underwriters in Section 3 hereof. The Firm Shares and the Additional Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Shares ,” and the Firm ADSs and the Additional ADSs, if any, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ ADSs .” The ordinary bearer shares with no par value of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby are hereinafter referred to as the “ Stock .”

The ADSs are to be issued pursuant to a deposit agreement (the “ Deposit Agreement ”), dated [●], 2019, among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon, as the depositary (the “ Depositary ”) and owners and

 

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beneficial owners, from time to time, of the ADSs. Each ADS will initially represent [●] ordinary shares deposited with the Depositary pursuant to the Deposit Agreement.

The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) a registration statement, including a prospectus, relating to the ADSs. The registration statement as amended at the time it became effective, including the information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), is hereinafter referred to as the “ Registration Statement ”; the prospectus in the form first used to confirm sales of ADSs (or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) is hereinafter referred to as the “ Prospectus .” If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement to register additional shares of Stock pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “ Rule  462 Registration Statement ”), then any reference herein to the term “ Registration Statement ” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. A registration statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-[●]) relating to the ADSs has been filed with the Commission (such registration statement on Form F-6, including all exhibits thereto, as amended through the time such registration statement became effective, being hereinafter referred to as the “ ADS Registration Statement ”). The Company has also filed, in accordance with Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), a registration statement (the “ Exchange Act Registration Statement ”) on Form 8-A (File No. 333-[●]) under the Exchange Act to register, under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, the ADSs.

For purposes of this Agreement, “ free writing prospectus ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, “ Time of Sale Prospectus ” means the preliminary prospectus together with the documents and pricing information set forth in Schedule II hereto, and “ broadly available road show ” means a “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act that has been made available without restriction to any person. As used herein, the terms “Registration Statement,” “preliminary prospectus,” “Time of Sale Prospectus” and “Prospectus” shall include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein as of the date hereof.

1. Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company represents and warrants to and agrees with each of the Underwriters that:

(a) Each of the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement is in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose are pending before or threatened by the Commission. The ADSs have been duly registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the Registration Statement and the ADS Registration Statement.

(b) (i) The Registration Statement and the ADS Registration Statement, when each became effective, did not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the ADS Registration Statement comply and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (iii) the Time of Sale Prospectus does not, and at the time of each sale of the ADSs in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 5), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iv) each broadly available road show, if any, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (v) the Prospectus does not

 

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contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that the representations and warranties set forth in this paragraph do not apply to statements or omissions in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus based upon information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information is that described as such in Sections 9(a) and 9(c) hereof.

(c) The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule  II hereto, and electronic road shows, if any, each furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without your prior consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

(d) The Company is a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and registered with the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) (the “ Commercial Register ”) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, under number 203542 B. The Company has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business as a foreign corporation in good standing (to the extent that good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business in such other jurisdictions requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. The Company is not in violation of its articles of association or other governing documents. The Company is not in default in the performance or observance of any obligation contained in any agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its assets may be bound or in violation of any law, ordinance, governmental rule, regulation or decree of any court, government or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or its properties, except in each case where any such default or violation would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. The constitutive documents of the Company comply with the requirements of German law and are in full force and effect.

(e) Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business as a foreign corporation in good standing (to the extent that good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business in such other jurisdictions requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the issued shares and all share capital of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims and, except for certain non-controlling interests or as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, are owned directly or indirectly by the Company. None of the subsidiaries is in violation of its articles of association or other governing documents, except any such

 

3


violation as would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. None of the subsidiaries is in default in the performance or observance of any obligation contained in any agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its assets may be bound or in violation of any law, ordinance, governmental rule, regulation or decree of any court, government or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over such subsidiary or its respective properties, except in each case where any such default or violation would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(f) The management board and the supervisory board of the Company have taken or will take, as the case may be, all necessary corporate or other action to authorize the public offering of ADSs, the capital increase, and all other actions contemplated by this Agreement. In particular, this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(g) The Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement and the filing of the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement with the Commission have been duly authorized by and on behalf of the Company, and the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement have been duly executed pursuant to such authorization by and on behalf of the Company.

(h) The Deposit Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Depositary, constitutes a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability. Upon (i) issuance by the Depositary of the ADSs against the deposit of Shares in respect thereof and/or (ii) due execution and delivery by the Depositary of American Depositary Receipts (“ ADRs ”) evidencing ADSs against the deposit of Shares in respect thereof, in accordance with the provisions of the Deposit Agreement, such ADSs and/or ADRs will be duly and validly issued and the persons in whose names the ADSs and/or the ADRs are registered will be entitled to the rights specified therein and in the Deposit Agreement; and the ADRs will conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(i) The Company has various authorized capitals, conditional capital and issued share capital as set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. All of the existing shares of the Company are, and the Firm Shares and the Additional Shares, when duly subscribed, duly paid and effectively issued as provided herein, will be validly issued and fully paid, freely transferable under the Company’s articles of association and under applicable German law and free of any pre-emptive or third party rights created by the Company. The Company’s existing shares conform, and the Firm Shares and the Additional Shares will conform, to the descriptions thereof contained in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, and the global share certificate(s) relating to the Firm Shares and the Additional Shares, as the case may be, when submitted to Clearstream Banking AG, Frankfurt am Main, (the “ Custodian ”) as provided herein, conform or will conform to such descriptions. The Firm Shares and the Additional Shares shall have equal rights and shall be fully fungible with the Company’s existing shares.

(j) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, the Company has no outstanding securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or warrants, rights or options to purchase from the Company, or obligations of the Company to issue, shares of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries, and the Company has not entered into any other agreement or arrangement of any kind that evidences rights of any holder against the Company to subscribe or to require the issue of shares of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or any other securities similar to shares of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or which could give rise to a liability of the Company to issue any shares.

 

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(k) The Shares may be freely deposited with the Custodian (as defined in Section 2(d) hereof) against issuance by the Depositary of ADRs evidencing ADSs. The ADSs, when issued and delivered against payment thereof, will be freely transferable to or for the account of the several Underwriters; and there are no restrictions on subsequent transfers of such ADSs under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany or the United States.

(l) The Firm Shares, upon subscription and issuance upon registration, and the Additional Shares, upon subscription and issuance upon registration, are not subject to any liens, charges, encumbrances, equities, claims or to any rights of any person and are freely transferable under the Company’s articles of association and under applicable German law, including to the relevant clearing systems. Under applicable laws and regulations, no authorizations, approvals, consents or licenses of any governmental authority or regulatory body or agency are required to be obtained by the Company to effect dividend payments declared and payable on, or in respect of, the Shares.

(m) The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the performance by the Company of its obligations under, this Agreement and the Deposit Agreement will not contravene any provision of (i) applicable law or (ii) the articles of association or any by-laws of the Company or (iii) any agreement or other instrument binding upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iv) any judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, except in the case of (i). (iii) or (iv) where any such contravention would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement, except such as may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states in connection with the offer and sale of the ADSs.

(n) There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, stockholders’ equity, operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(o) There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (i) other than proceedings that would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Time of Sale Prospectus or (ii) that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and are not so described.

(p) Each preliminary prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, complied when so filed in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(q) The Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the ADSs and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus will not be, required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(r) There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other like payment in connection with this offering.

(s) The Company and its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable laws, rules, regulations, requirements, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety,

 

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the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“ Environmental Laws ”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(t) To the best knowledge of the Company, there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) that would have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(u) The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with any law, regulation or governmental decree relating to media law, copyright law, data protection law, advertising law, consumer protection law, labor law and criminal law or online payment service regulations of the jurisdictions in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged in their business, except where such noncompliance would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(v) The Company and its subsidiaries comply with all applicable data protection laws, guidelines and industry standards and have established the procedures necessary to ensure continued compliance, except where any failure to comply and/or to maintain procedures would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s best knowledge, any of its subsidiaries has received any notice or allegation from any competent authority (including any information or enforcement notice, or any transfer prohibition notice) alleging that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has not complied with applicable data protection laws, guidelines and industry standards, except where any failure to comply would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. No individual has claimed and, so far as the Company is aware, no grounds exist for an individual to claim, compensation from the Company or any of its subsidiaries for breaches of applicable data protection laws or for loss or unauthorized disclosure of Personal Data, except where any such claim would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. “ Personal Data ” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number, and (ii) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person.

(w) The information technology systems, equipment and software used by the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective businesses, including those used to process online order and payment services, (the “ IT Assets ”) (i) operate and perform in accordance with relevant specifications and otherwise as required by the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted and (ii) have not malfunctioned or failed at any time during the period covered by the financial statements included in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except, in each case of (i) and (ii) above, as non-compliance with this representation would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. To the Company’s best knowledge, there has been no security breach, attack or other compromise as a result of which any person has gained unauthorized access to any IT Asset in a manner that would have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

 

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(x) The Company and its subsidiaries have taken precautions that they reasonably believe to be appropriate, including contingency plans, back-up facilities and disaster recovery technology processes consistent with industry standard practices, and necessary to protect the computer systems (hardware and software) and information technologies and related systems (such as networks) implemented or used by the Company and its subsidiaries against (i) overload, failure, limitation of system capacities, manual misuses and other interruptions of regular business operations, (ii) fire, explosion, flood, any calamity or other interruptions of regular business operations and (iii) unauthorized access or manipulation by third parties, in order to ensure that the events under (i) through (iii) above would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(y) All IT Assets used or required for use by the Company and its subsidiaries are either owned by, or properly licensed or leased to, the Company or its subsidiaries and are not dependent on any facilities or systems which are not under the ownership or control of the Company or its subsidiaries; the Company and its subsidiaries are not in default under any such licenses or leases, and there are no grounds on which they might be terminated; and the IT Assets have (and each part of them has) sufficient capacity and performance to meet the material processing and other business requirements of the Company and its subsidiaries and the anticipated requirements for at least the next twelve months; except, in each case of the above, as non-compliance with this representation would have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(z) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company or to require the Company to include such securities with the ADSs registered pursuant to the Registration Statement.

(aa) (i) None of the Company or its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, or any director, officer, or employee thereof, or, to the Company’s best knowledge, any agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, has taken or will take any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office) in order to influence official action, or to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries and controlled affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; and (iii) neither the Company nor its subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.

(bb) The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), Public Law 107-56, the U.S. Currency and Foreign Transaction Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the U.S. Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, as amended, and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “ Anti-

 

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Money Laundering Laws ”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(cc) (i) None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any director or officer thereof, or, to the best knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, controlled affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (“ Person ”) that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that are:

(A) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union (“ EU ”), Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “ Sanctions ”), or

(B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).

(ii) The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

(A) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

(B) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

(iii) For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was in violation of applicable Sanctions.

The foregoing shall apply only to the extent it does not result in a violation of or conflict with Section 7 of the German Foreign Trade Ordinance ( Außenwirtschaftsverordnung ), Regulation (EC) No. 2271/96 or any similar applicable anti-boycott law or regulation.

(dd) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, or any director, officer, or, to the best knowledge of the Company, any employee thereof during the prior five years has (i) conducted or initiated any internal investigation or made a voluntary, directed, or involuntary disclosure to any government entity or similar agency or (ii) been the subject of current, pending, or threatened investigation, inquiry, or enforcement proceedings for violations of applicable anti-corruption laws, Anti-Money Laundering Laws, Environmental Laws, or laws and regulations related to the enforcement of Sanctions.

(ee) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction; (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding share capital, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its share capital other than ordinary and customary dividends; and (iii) there has not been any material change in the share capital, short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, except in each case as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, respectively.

 

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(ff) No subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any applicable laws or regulations, from paying any dividends to its shareholders, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s share capital, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s property or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary, except, in each case, for any prohibition that would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. No affiliate of the Company or shareholder of such affiliate, as the case may be, is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any applicable laws or regulations, from making any payments or other distributions to the Company and/or its subsidiaries, or from repaying to the Company and/or its subsidiaries any loans or advances made to such affiliate or shareholder of such affiliate, as the case may be, from the Company and/or its subsidiaries.

(gg) The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries.

(hh) The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on reasonable terms, all material patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks and trade names currently employed by them in connection with the business now operated by them, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any of the foregoing which, individually or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(ii) No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists, or, to the best knowledge of the Company, is imminent; and the Company is not aware of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors that would have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(jj) Each benefit and compensation plan, agreement, policy and arrangement that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective controlled affiliates (as defined in Rule 501(b) of Regulation D under the Securities Act) for current or former employees or directors of, or independent contractors with respect to, the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective affiliates, or with respect to which any of such entities could reasonably be expected to have any current, future or contingent liability or responsibility, has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations and the Company and each of its subsidiaries and each of their respective affiliates have complied with all applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations in regard to such plans, agreements, policies and arrangements, except in each case for any failure to comply with the respective terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations as would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; the fair market value of the assets of each such plan, agreement, policy and arrangement which is required or intended to be funded (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued or earned or payments due under such plan, agreement, policy or arrangement determined using

 

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reasonable actuarial assumptions, except where any failure to exceed such present value would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and the liabilities reflected in the relevant entity’s financial statements with respect to each such plan, agreement, policy and arrangement that is not required or intended to be funded accurately reflect the present value of all benefits earned or accrued or payments due under such plan, agreement, policy or arrangement determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, except where any failure to reflect such present value would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(kk) The Company and each of its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(ll) The Company and its subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate regulatory authorities in each jurisdiction of operation necessary to conduct their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit which, individually or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(mm) The Company and its management board and supervisory board are in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) that are applicable to them as of the date of this Agreement. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (v) the Company and its subsidiaries have made and kept books, records and accounts which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets. Since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(nn) The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(oo) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, the Company has not sold, issued or distributed any shares of Stock during the six-month period preceding the date hereof, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulation D or

 

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S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants.

(pp) Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates has, prior to the date hereof, made any offer or sale of any securities that are required to be “integrated” pursuant to the Securities Act with the offer and sale of the ADSs pursuant to the Registration Statement.

(qq) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, the Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all tax returns required to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases in which the failure to file or pay would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by IFRS have been created in the financial statements of the Company), and no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have any notice or knowledge of any tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries and which would have or be reasonably expected to have) a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole(except for cases in which a tax authority in the course of an ongoing tax audit has notified tax reassessments to the Company or its subsidiaries for potential tax liabilities, which are contested in good faith and for which reserves required by IFRS have been created in the financial statements of the Company).

(rr) The consolidated financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods specified and have been prepared in conformity with IFRS applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The summary and selected financial information and other financial and operational data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included therein (with respect to such financial data only). Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(ss) The consolidated financial statements (and the notes thereto) of the Company included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act; the summary and selected consolidated financial data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act. The Company does not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), that are not described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(tt) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s best knowledge, its subsidiaries or affiliates, nor any of their respective directors, officers or affiliates, acting on its behalf, has taken, directly or indirectly, any action that is designed to or that has constituted or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the ADSs.

 

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(uu) The statements in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus (i) under the heading “Concurrent Private Placement”, insofar as such statements purport to disclose the material terms of the agreements and arrangements discussed therein, are accurate in all material respects and present the information required to be shown, and (ii) under the heading “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association”, insofar as such statements purport to be a summary of the terms of the Shares, are accurate and fair summaries of such terms in all material respects.

(vv) The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and such data is consistent with the sources from which they are derived.

(ww) The Company possesses, is in compliance with the terms of, and is not in breach of or in default under, all certificates, authorizations, franchises, consents, approvals, orders, licenses and permits and has made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate domestic or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities (collectively, “ Licenses ”) material to the conduct of the businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and to own, lease, license and use its properties and assets, except to the extent that any such noncompliance, breach, default or failure would not have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and has not received any notice of proceedings relating to, and, to the best knowledge of the Company, is not aware that any regulatory body is considering, the suspension, revocation or modification of any such Licenses that, if determined adversely to the Company, would have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(xx) The ADSs have been approved in principle for listing on the NYSE, subject only to the issuance of an official notice by such stock exchange.

(yy) There are no contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement (those so filed, collectively, the “ Filed Documents ”) that are not described or filed as required. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sent or received any communication regarding termination of, or, where applicable, intent not to renew, any of the Filed Documents, and no such termination or nonrenewal has been threatened by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the best knowledge of the Company, by any other party to any such contract or agreement.

(zz) Ernst & Young, Société anonyme , which has certified certain consolidated financial statements of the Company, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and as required by the Securities Act.

(aaa) It is not necessary that this Agreement, the Deposit Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any other document be filed or recorded with any court or other authority in the Federal Republic of Germany.

(bbb) From the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an “ Emerging Growth Company ”). “ Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act.

(ccc) The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication, other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Representatives with entities that are

 

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qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Schedule III hereto. “ Written Testing-the-Waters Communication ” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

(ddd) Any Testing-The-Waters Communication the Company has engaged in was not subject to the provisions and requirements of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 16, 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation).

(eee) As of the time of each sale of the ADSs in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, none of (i) the Time of Sale Prospectus, (ii) any free writing prospectus, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, and (iii) any individual Testing-the-Waters Communication, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(fff) Under the current laws and regulations of the Federal Republic of Germany, all dividends and other distributions declared and payable on the Shares in cash may be freely remitted out of the Federal Republic of Germany and may be paid in, or freely converted into, United States dollars, in each case without there being required any consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any court or governmental agency or body in the Federal Republic of Germany.

(ggg) Except as described in the Prospectus, dividends and other distributions on the Shares will not be subject to withholding or other taxes under the laws applicable in Germany and are otherwise free of any other tax, withholding or deduction in Germany and without the necessity of obtaining any consent, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or governmental, regulatory or stock exchange authority having jurisdiction over the Company.

(hhh) No stamp, documentary, issuance, registration, transfer, withholding, capital gains, income or other taxes or duties are payable by or on behalf of the Underwriters, the Company or any of its subsidiaries in the Federal Republic of Germany or to any taxing authority thereof or therein in connection with (i) the execution, delivery or consummation of this Agreement, (ii) the creation, allotment and issuance of the Shares, (iii) the sale and delivery of the ADSs to the Underwriters or purchasers procured by the Underwriters, or (iv) the resale and delivery of the ADSs by the Underwriters in the manner contemplated herein.

(iii) The Company believes that it was not a “passive foreign investment company” (“ PFIC ”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes for its most recent taxable year, and does not expect to be a PFIC for its current taxable year or in the foreseeable future.

(jjj) The Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

(kkk) The choice of law of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement is or will be a valid choice of law under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and will be given effect by the courts of the Federal Republic of Germany.

(lll) The Company has no immunity from jurisdiction of any court of (i) any jurisdiction in which it owns or leases property or assets, (ii) the United States or the State of New York or (iii) Germany or any political subdivision thereof or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property and assets, or this Agreement and the Deposit Agreement or actions to enforce judgments in respect thereof.

 

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(mmm) There are no affiliations or associations between (i) any member of FINRA and (ii) the Company or any of the Company’s officers, supervisory board members or management board members or, to the Company’s best knowledge, 5% or greater security holders or any beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities that were acquired at any time on or after the 180th day immediately preceding the date the Registration Statement was first filed with the Commission.

2. Agreements to Sell and Purchase.

(a) The Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly: (i) to purchase from the Company the respective numbers of Firm Shares set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name in Schedule I hereto, (ii) through Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (the “ Settlement Agent ”), acting in its own name and for the account of the several Underwriters, as provided for in Section 2(b) below, to subscribe, on the date hereof, for the Firm Shares at a price of €1.00 per Firm Share (the “ Issue Price ”), and (iii) through the Settlement Agent, acting for the account of the several Underwriters, to pay to the Company the Issue Price for each of the subscribed Firm Shares by crediting as of [●], 2019 the Issue Price multiplied by the number of Firm Shares (the “ Aggregate Issue Price ”) into a special account opened at an affiliate of the Settlement Agent in Germany (account number: [●]) and entitled “ Jumia Sonderkonto Kapitalerh ö hung 2019 ” (the “ Capital Increase Account ”), such account to be non-interest bearing and free of charges (including negative interest).

(b) For purposes of registering the capital increase representing the Firm Shares (the “ Capital Increase ”) in the Commercial Register, the Settlement Agent will, subject to the conditions set forth herein, (i) deliver to the notary public Hans-Hermann Rösch, Gleiss Lutz, Friedrichstraße 7, 10117 Berlin, Germany (the “ Notary ”), an executed subscription certificate ( Zeichnungsschein ) in the form attached as Exhibit A hereto (the “ Subscription Certificate ”) dated [●], 2019 (the “ Subscription Date ”), duly signed in duplicate form pursuant to Section 185 of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz or “ AktG ”) for the Firm Shares, such subscription certificate, in accordance with its terms, to expire at [12:00 p.m. (noon)] CET on [●], 2019, and (ii) effect payment of the Aggregate Issue Price as described and defined in Section 2(a)(iii) above, as payment pursuant to Section 36a (1) AktG, to the Capital Increase Account. Upon crediting the Aggregate Issue Price, the Settlement Agent will, subject to the fulfillment of the conditions set-out herein, cause delivery to the Company of a bank certificate ( Einzahlungsbest ä tigung ) in the form attached as Exhibit B hereto (the “ Bank Certificate ”), confirming such credit (Sections 188 (2), 36 (2), 36a (1) and 37 (1) AktG).

(c) Promptly upon receipt of the Subscription Certificate and of the Bank Certificate pursuant to Section 2(b) above, the Company shall take all reasonable measures to effect the registration of the capital increase in the Commercial Register by [●], 2019. Copies of all documents filed with the Commercial Register shall be delivered to the Settlement Agent in pdf form. Promptly upon the registration of the capital increase in the Commercial Register, but at the latest by [11:00 a.m.] CET on [●], 2019, the Company shall, by telefax or pdf-document attached to an email, with the original copy to follow promptly by courier, furnish the Settlement Agent and/or an affiliate designated by the Settlement Agent, with a certified copy of the registration notice of the Commercial Register and a certified excerpt from the Commercial Register in chronological order, each evidencing such capital increase. If the registration with the Commercial Register of the increase of the Company’s registered share capital in an amount of €[●] has not been effected by [12:00 p.m. (noon)] CET on [●], 2019, the Subscription Certificate for the Firm Shares shall expire, and the Settlement Agent, on behalf and for the account of the several Underwriters, shall (at its option) obtain repayment of the Issue Price for the Firm Shares by way of cancelling the credit of the Aggregate Issue Price for the Firm Shares to the Capital Increase Account. In such event, the Representatives, on behalf of the several Underwriters, and the Company may agree, that the Underwriters, through the Settlement Agent, submit a new Subscription Certificate for the Firm Shares (to expire in accordance with its terms on a date to be

 

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determined by the Representatives on behalf of the several Underwriters). If the Representatives, on behalf of the several Underwriters, and the Company have not agreed on the submission of a new Subscription Certificate for the Firm Shares on or prior to [●], 2019, all obligations of the Underwriters to subscribe for the Firm Shares and the obligation of the Underwriters to pay the Purchase Price pursuant to Section 5 shall terminate. In this event, the reimbursement obligations of the Company pursuant to Section 7(i) and the provisions set out in Sections 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

(d) Promptly on the day on which the capital increase in relation to the Firm Shares is registered in the Commercial Register, but at the latest by [11:00 a.m.] CET on [●], 2019, the Company shall deliver to a designated affiliate of the Settlement Agent one or more global share certificate(s), in the form set forth as Exhibit C , representing the Firm Shares. The Settlement Agent undertakes that it will, for the account of the several Underwriters, cause the delivery of the global share certificate(s) to the Custodian and transfer title to the Firm Shares to the Depositary on or prior to the Closing Date (as defined below), to enable the delivery by the Depositary of the Firm ADSs in respect of the Firm Shares to the Settlement Agent in its own name and for the account of the several Underwriters, for subsequent delivery to the other several Underwriters or to investors, as the case may be, by way of book-entry.

(e) The Underwriters are neither joint obligors ( Gesamtschuldner ) nor joint creditors ( Gesamtgläubiger ) and, independently from any legal co-ownership under German law with respect to the global share certificate(s) relating to the Firm Shares, there shall be neither joint nor fractional co-ownership ( weder Gesamthandseigentum noch Miteigentum nach Bruchteilen ) among the Underwriters with regard to the Firm Shares.

(f) For purposes of transfer by way of book-entry of the Company’s existing share capital, the Company shall deliver at the latest by [●], 2019, 11:00 a.m. CET to an affiliate designated by the Settlement Agent one global share certificate representing the Company’s existing shares. The Settlement Agent shall procure that such global share certificate is deposited with the Custodian to enable the transfer of the Company’s existing shares by way of book-entry to the existing shareholders of the Company.

(g) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Settlement Agent and Morgan Stanley Bank AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) to which the Settlement Agent and/or Morgan Stanley Bank AG may become subject in connection with information received from the Company in writing relating to the custody and settlement process and obligations arising therefrom. The parties hereto hereby designate Morgan Stanley Bank AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, as third-party beneficiary of the indemnity set out in this Section 2(g) having the right to enforce such indemnity, provided, however, that no consent from Morgan Stanley Bank AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, shall be needed for any amendment of this Agreement.

3. Option to buy Additional Shares and ADSs; Greenshoe Option.

(a) On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, and subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters the Additional Shares in the form of Additional ADSs, and the Underwriters shall have the right to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to [●] newly issued Additional Shares at the Aggregate Option Issue Price (as defined below) (the “ Greenshoe Option ”), provided, however, that the amount paid by the Underwriters for any Shares in the form of Additional ADSs shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on such Additional Shares. You may exercise this right on behalf of the Underwriters in whole or from time to time in part by giving written notice (the “ Option Exercise Notice ”) not later than 30 days after the

 

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date of this Agreement. The Option Exercise notice shall specify the number of Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the date on which such shares are to be subscribed for (the “ Additional Shares Subscription Date ”). Such date must be at least one business day after the Option Exercise Notice is given and may not be earlier than the Closing Date for the Firm ADSs nor later than ten business days after the date of such Option Exercise Notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with Section 11 hereof). For the purposes of this Agreement, a “business day” shall be a day on which banks are open for business and exchanges are open for trading in New York.

(b) If any Additional Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Additional ADSs (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as you may determine) as set out below that bears the same proportion to the total number of Additional ADSs to be purchased as the number of Firm ADSs set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm ADSs (or such number increased as set forth in Section 11 hereof).

(c) Upon notice of the Settlement Agent to the Company on the final number of new Additional Shares in the form of Additional ADSs (the “ Final Number of New Additional Shares ”) to be issued by the Company by way of a capital increase from authorized capital, each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, through the Settlement Agent, acting in its own name and for the account of the several Underwriters, to pay to the Company $[●] for each of the Final Number of New Additional Shares by crediting, with a value date that falls on the Additional Shares Subscription Date, multiplied by the number of Additional Shares for which the option to purchase has been exercised (the “ Aggregate Option Issue Price ”), to the Capital Increase Account.

(d) For purposes of registering the capital increase representing the Final Number of New Additional Shares for which the option to purchase has been exercised (the “ Additional Capital Increase ”) with the Commercial Register, the Settlement Agent will, subject to the conditions set forth herein: (i) deliver to the Notary a subscription certificate (the “ Additional Shares Subscription Certificate ”) dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date, duly signed in duplicate form pursuant to Section 185 AktG for the relevant Additional Shares, such subscription certificate, in accordance with its terms, to expire at 12:00 p.m. CET on the date that falls two business days after the Additional Shares Subscription Date, and (ii) effect payment of the Aggregate Option Issue Price as described in Section 4(c) above, as payment pursuant to Section 36a (1) AktG, to the Capital Increase Account. Upon crediting the Aggregate Option Issue Price, the Settlement Agent will, subject to the fulfillment of the conditions set out herein, cause delivery to the Company of a bank certificate ( Einzahlungsbestätigung ) confirming such credit (the “ Additional Shares Bank Certificate ”).

(e) Promptly upon receipt of the Additional Shares Subscription Certificate and of the Additional Shares Bank Certificate, the Company shall take all reasonable measures to effect the registration of the Additional Capital Increase in the Commercial Register by [●]. Copies of all documents filed with the Commercial Register shall be delivered to the Settlement Agent and/or an affiliate designated by the Settlement Agent. Promptly upon the registration of the Additional Capital Increase in the Commercial Register, but at the latest by 12:00 p.m. CET on the second business day after the Additional Shares Subscription Date (as defined below), the Company shall, by telefax or pdf-document attached to an email, with the original copy to follow promptly by courier, furnish the Settlement Agent and/or an affiliate designated by the Settlement Agent a certified copy of the registration notice of the Commercial Register and a certified excerpt from the Commercial Register in chronological order, each evidencing the Additional Capital Increase.

(f) Promptly upon the Additional Capital Increase, the Company shall deliver to an affiliate designated by the Settlement Agent one or more global share certificate(s) representing the Additional Shares for which the Greenshoe Option has been exercised. The Settlement Agent shall procure that such global share certificate(s) are deposited with the Custodian.

 

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(g) If the registration of the Additional Capital Increase with the Commercial Register has not been effected by 12:00 p.m. CET on the second business day after subscription for the Additional Shares has occurred (the “ Additional Closing Date ”) or such later date as may be agreed between the Company and the Representatives, on behalf of the Underwriters, the Additional Shares Subscription Certificate shall expire and the Settlement Agent, in its own name but for the account of the Underwriters, may cancel the credit of the Aggregate Option Issue Price to the Capital Increase Account. In such event, all obligations of the Settlement Agent, acting in its own name but for the account of the Underwriters, to subscribe for the Additional Shares shall terminate. In this event, the reimbursement obligations of the Company pursuant to Section 7(i) and the provisions set out in Sections 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of this Agreement shall remain in full force.

(h) The Underwriters are neither joint obligors ( Gesamtschuldner ) nor joint creditors ( Gesamtgläubiger ) and, independently from any legal co-ownership under German law with respect to the global share certificate(s) relating to the Additional Shares, there shall be neither joint nor fractional co-ownership ( weder Gesamthandseigentum noch Miteigentum nach Bruchteilen ) among the Underwriters with regard to the Additional Shares.

4. Terms of Public Offering . The Company is advised by you that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of their respective portions of the ADSs as soon after the Registration Statement and this Agreement have become effective as in your judgment is advisable. The Company is further advised by you that the ADSs are to be offered to the public initially at $[●] per ADS (the “ Public Offering Price ”) and to certain dealers selected by you at a price that represents a concession not in excess of a $[●] per ADS under the Public Offering Price, and that any Underwriter may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession, not in excess of $[●] per ADS, to any Underwriter or to certain other dealers.

5. Payment and Delivery.

(a) Payment for the ADSs shall, subject to the conditions set-out herein, be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the Company at the account specified by the Company to the Representatives in the case of the Firm ADSs at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on [●], 2019, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Additional ADSs, on the date and at the time and place specified by the Option Exercise Notice. The time and date of such payment for the Firm ADSs is referred to herein as the “ Closing Date .”

(b) Payment for the ADSs to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall, subject to the conditions set-out herein, be made against delivery to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the ADSs to be purchased on such date with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such ADSs duly paid by the Company. Delivery of the relevant ADSs shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (“ DTC ”) unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct.

(c) The aggregate amount to be paid by the several Underwriters to the Company on the Closing Date shall be $[●] per ADS (the “ Purchase Price ”) multiplied by the number of Firm ADSs delivered on such date, less the Aggregate Issue Price and less fees and expenses as set forth in Section 7(i) hereof (the “ Excess Firm Shares Proceeds Amount ”). The Underwriters through the Settlement Agent and in satisfaction of their respective obligations shall, subject to the conditions set-out herein, promptly after the Excess Firm Shares Proceeds Amount has been paid to the Capital Increase Account, transfer the complete balance on the Capital Increase Account for value at the Closing Date to the bank account of the Company at [●] (the “ Company’s Account ”).

(d) On the Additional Closing Date, the Underwriters through the Settlement Agent and in satisfaction of their respective obligations shall, subject to the conditions set-out herein, transfer the complete balance on the Capital Increase Account less (i) fees and expenses as set forth in Section 7(i)

 

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hereof, to the extent not deducted under 5(c) above, and (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the Public Offering Price and the Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Additional ADSs (the “ Excess Option Proceeds Amount ”) to the Company’s Account.

(e) Solely for the purpose of calculating the Excess Firm Shares Proceeds Amount and the Excess Option Proceeds Amount in U.S. dollars, the Aggregate Issue Price is converted from euro into U.S. dollars by applying the exchange rate, which the Settlement Agent can reasonably obtain at the time it converts U.S. dollars into a euro amount equal to the Aggregate Issue Price. Solely for the purpose of calculating the Aggregate Option Issue Price to be credited to the Capital Increase Account in euro, the Aggregate Option Issue Price is converted from U.S. dollars into euro by applying the exchange rate, which the Settlement Agent can reasonably obtain at the time it converts euro into a U.S. Dollar amount equal to the Aggregate Option Issue Price.

(f) The Firm ADSs and the Additional ADSs shall be registered in such names and in such denominations as you shall request in writing not later than one full business day prior to the Closing Date, or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. The Firm ADSs and the Additional ADSs shall be delivered to you on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the transfer of the ADSs to the Underwriters duly paid, against payment of the Purchase Price therefor.

6. Conditions to the Underwriters Obligations . The obligations of the Company to sell the Firm ADSs to the Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase, subscribe and pay for the Firm ADSs on the Closing Date, respectively, are subject to the condition that each of the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and the Exchange Act Registration Statement shall have become effective not later than 4:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date hereof.

The several obligations of the Underwriters are subject to the following further conditions:

(a) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the release of the Subscription Certificate:

(i) There shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

(ii) There shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, stockholders’ equity or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus that, in your joint reasonable judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your joint reasonable judgment, after consultation with the Company, impracticable to market the ADSs on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(iii) The Representatives shall have received on the date hereof a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

(iv) The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto, between you and all shareholders of the Company, the members of the Company’s management board ( Vorstand ) of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the date of this Agreement and shall not be terminated, rescinded or revoked.

 

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(v) The Representatives shall have received copies of the resolution of the management board ( Vorstand ) and the supervisory board ( Aufsichtsrat ) of the Company, regarding the setting of the offer price and the execution of this Agreement.

(vi) The Representatives shall have received on the Subscription Date, at the request of the Company, an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP German counsel for the Company, dated the Subscription Date and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

(vii) The Representatives shall have received on the Subscription Date an opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, German counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(viii) The Representatives shall have received copies of the resolution of the management board ( Vorstand ) and the supervisory board ( Aufsichtsrat ) of the Company, authorizing the issuance and the sale of the Firm Shares.

(ix) The Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder required to have been performed prior to or on the date of this Agreement.

(b) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date:

(i) There shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

(ii) There shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, stockholders’ equity or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your judgment, impracticable to market the ADSs on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(iii) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the Closing Date and signed by the co-chief executive officers of the Company (A) to the effect set forth in Sections 6(b)(i) and 6(b)(ii) above and (B) confirming that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before the Closing Date. The officers signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon the best of his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.

(iv) The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in accordance with the rules and regulations and Section 8(b) hereof. Prior to such Closing Date. A prospectus containing the Rule 430A Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule 424(b) without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed and declared effective in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A.

(v) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date, at the request of the Company, an opinion and 10b-5 statement of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, United States counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

 

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(vi) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date, at the request of the Company, an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP German counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

(vii) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion and 10b-5 statement of Latham & Watkins LLP, United States counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(viii) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, German counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(ix) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion of Emmet, Marvin & Martin, LLP, counsel for the Depositary, at the request of the Depositary, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

(x) The Representatives shall have received, on each of the date hereof and the Closing Date, a letter dated the date hereof or a bring-down letter dated the Closing Date, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, from Ernst & Young, Soci é t é anonyme , independent public accountants, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than three business days prior to the Closing Date.

(xi) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

(xii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement has been issued, and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the Company’s best knowledge, are contemplated by the Commission.

(xiii) The Company and the Depositary shall have executed and delivered the Deposit Agreement, and the Deposit Agreement shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date and shall not be terminated, rescinded or revoked. The Company and the Depositary shall have taken all actions necessary to permit the deposit of the Shares and the issuance of the ADS representing such Shares in accordance with the Deposit Agreement.

(xiv) The Depositary shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the Representatives at such Closing Date, confirmation satisfactory to the Representatives evidencing the deposit with it of the Shares being so deposited against issuance of the ADSs to be delivered by the Company at such Closing Date, and the execution, countersignature (if applicable), issuance and delivery of the corresponding ADRs pursuant to the Deposit Agreement and such other matters related thereto as the Representatives may reasonably request.

(xv) The Company shall have delivered to a designated affiliate of the Settlement Agent, in accordance with, and at the time provided for, in Section 2(d) hereof, in case of the Firm Shares to be issued on the Closing Date, and Section 3(f) hereof, in case of any Additional

 

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Shares to be issued on the Additional Closing Date, (A) a duly executed global share certificate evidencing the Firm Shares or the Additional Shares, as the case may be and (B) a certified excerpt from the Commercial Register pertaining to the Company evidencing the Capital Increase represented by the Firm Shares or the Additional Shares, as the case may be.

(xvi) FINRA shall not have raised any objection with respect to the fairness or reasonableness of the underwriting or other arrangements of the transactions contemplated hereunder.

(xvii) The ADSs shall have been approved to be listed on the NYSE.

(xviii) On or prior to the Closing Date, the ADSs shall be eligible for clearance and settlement through the facilities of DTC.

(xix) The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto, between you and all shareholders of the Company, the members of the Company’s management board ( Vorstand ) of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the date of this Agreement and shall not be terminated, rescinded or revoked.

(xx) The Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder required to have been performed prior to or on the Closing Date.

(c) Subsequent to the Closing Date and prior to the release of the Additional Shares Subscription Certificate:

(i) There shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, stockholders’ equity or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your judgment, impracticable to market the ADSs on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(ii) The Representatives shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date and signed by the co-chief executive officers of the Company (A) to the effect set forth in Sections 6(b)(i) above and (B) confirming that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Additional Shares Subscription Date and that the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before the Additional Shares Subscription Date. The officers signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon the best of his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.

(iii) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date, at the request of the Company, an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, United States counsel for the Company, dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(b)(v) hereof.

(iv) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date, at the request of the Company, an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, German counsel for the Company, dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date, relating to Additional Shares to be allocated on such the Additional Shares Subscription Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(b)(vi) hereof.

(v) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date an opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, United States counsel for the Underwriters, dated the

 

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Additional Shares Subscription Date, to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(b)(vii) hereof.

(vi) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date an opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, German counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date, to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 6(b)(viii) hereof.

(vii) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date an opinion of Emmet, Marvin & Martin, LLP, counsel for the Depositary, at the request of the Depositary, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.

(viii) The Representatives shall have received on the Additional Shares Subscription Date, a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date, to the same effect as the certificate required by Section 6(b)(xi) hereof.

(ix) The Representatives shall have received, on the Additional Shares Subscription Date, a letter dated the Additional Shares Subscription Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, from Ernst & Young, Société anonyme , independent public accountants, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Additional Shares Subscription Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than two business days prior to the Additional Shares Subscription Date.

(x) The Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder required to have been performed prior to or on the Additional Shares Subscription Date.

(d) On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Shares Subscription Date, as the case may be, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

7. Covenants of the Company . The Company covenants with each Underwriter as follows:

(a) To furnish to you, without charge, four conformed copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto) and for delivery to each other Underwriter a conformed copy of the Registration Statement (without exhibits thereto) and to furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period mentioned in Section 7(e) or 7(f) below, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.

(b) Before amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, to furnish to you a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement and not to file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which you reasonably object, and to file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.

(c) To furnish to you a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and not to use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus to which you reasonably object.

(d) Not to take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that the Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.

 

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(e) If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the ADSs at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement then on file, or if it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Time of Sale Prospectus is delivered to a prospective purchaser, be misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(f) If, during such period after the first date of the public offering of the ADSs as the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or dealer, any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to the dealers (whose names and addresses you will furnish to the Company) to which ADSs may have been sold by you on behalf of the Underwriters and to any other dealers upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(g) To endeavor to qualify the ADSs for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as you shall reasonably request.

(h) To make generally available to the Company’s security holders and to you as soon as practicable an earning statement covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the date of this Agreement which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(i) Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and the Company’s accountants in connection with the registration and delivery of the ADSs under the Securities Act and all other fees or expenses in connection with the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, including all printing costs associated therewith, and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers, in the quantities hereinabove specified, (ii) all costs and expenses related to the transfer and delivery of the ADSs to the Underwriters, including any transfer or other taxes payable thereon, (iii) the cost of printing or producing any Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum in connection with the offer and sale of the ADSs under state securities laws and all expenses in connection with the qualification of the ADSs for offer and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 7(g) hereof, including filing fees in connection with such qualification, (iv) all filing fees incurred in connection with the review and qualification of the offering of the ADSs by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, (v) all

 

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fees and expenses in connection with the preparation and filing of the Exchange Act Registration Statement, the ADS Registration Statement and all costs and expenses incident to listing the ADSs on the NYSE, (vi) the cost of printing certificates representing the Shares, (vii) the costs and charges of any transfer agent, registrar or depositary, (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the offering of the ADSs, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the representatives and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show, provided , however , that the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show shall be paid 50% by the Company and 50% by the Underwriters (ix) the document production charges and expenses associated with printing this Agreement, (x) all costs arising in relation to the Capital Increase and the Additional Capital Increase and (xi) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company hereunder for which provision is not otherwise made in this Section. It is understood, however, that except as provided in this section, Section 9 entitled “Indemnity and Contribution” and in the last paragraph of Section 11 below, the Underwriters will pay all of their costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of their counsel, stock transfer taxes payable on resale of any of the ADSs by them and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.

(j) The Company will promptly notify the Representatives if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) completion of the distribution of the Shares within the meaning of the Securities Act and (ii) completion of the Restricted Period (as defined in this Section 7).

(k) The Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to list the ADSs on the NYSE.

(l) The Shares will, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, be deposited with the Custodian in accordance with the provisions of the Deposit Agreement and otherwise comply with the Deposit Agreement so that ADSs will be issued by the Depositary against receipt of such Shares and ADSs and/or ADRs evidencing ADSs delivered to the Underwriters at the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(m) If at any time following the issuance of any free writing prospectus or distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such free writing prospectus or Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such free writing prospectus or Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.

(n) The Company will deliver to each Underwriter (or its agent), on the date of execution of this Agreement, a properly completed and executed Certification Regarding Beneficial Owners of Legal Entity Customers, together with copies of identifying documentation, and the Company undertakes to provide such additional supporting documentation as each Underwriter may reasonably request in connection with the verification of the foregoing Certification.

(o) The Company shall pay, and shall indemnify and hold the Underwriters harmless against, any stamp, issue, registration, documentary, sales, transfer, income, capital gains or other similar taxes or duties imposed that is payable in connection with (i) the execution, delivery, consummation or enforcement of this Agreement, (ii) the creation, allotment and issuance of the Shares, (iii) the sale and delivery of the ADSs to the Underwriters or purchasers procured by the Underwriters, or (iv) the resale and delivery of the ADSs by the Underwriters in the manner contemplated herein.

 

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(p) All sums payable by the Company under this Agreement shall be paid free and clear of and without deductions or withholdings of any present or future taxes or duties, unless the deduction or withholding is required by law, in which case the Company shall pay such additional amount as will result in the receipt by each Underwriter of the full amount that would have been received had no deduction or withholding been made.

(q) All sums payable to an Underwriter shall be considered exclusive of any value added or similar taxes. Where the Company is obliged to pay value added or similar tax on any amount payable hereunder to an Underwriter, the Company shall in addition to the sum payable hereunder pay an amount equal to any applicable value added or similar tax.

(r) The Company agrees to apply the net proceeds from the sale of the ADSs in substantially the manner set forth under the heading “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(s) The Company agrees not to, and agrees to cause its subsidiaries and affiliates not to, take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the ADSs.

(t) The Company agrees, for a period of six months after the date of the final prospectus, to suspend the exercise of any options by option holders under the option program 2016 and, once in effect, the option program 2019.

(u) The Company also covenants with each Underwriter that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “ Restricted Period ”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or (3) file any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock.

The restrictions contained in the preceding paragraph shall not apply to (A) the ADSs to be sold hereunder, (B) the issuance of new shares to AXA Africa Holding S.A.S., ELQ Investors III Limited, Atlas Countries Support S.A., CDC Group Plc. and/or Pernod Ricard Deutschland GmbH to compensate them for any dilution as described in the Prospectus or (C) the issuance of new shares in the concurrent private placements as described in the Prospectus.

If the Representatives, in their sole discretion, agree to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a lock-up letter described in Section 7(a)(v) hereof for an officer or director of the Company and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Exhibit F hereto through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

8. Covenants of the Underwriters . Each Underwriter severally covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission under Rule 433(d) a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not be required to be filed by the Company thereunder, but for the action of the Underwriter.

9. Indemnity and Contribution. (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act

 

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or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, each affiliate of any Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act and each personally liable partner of an Underwriter from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) to which the respective indemnified party may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise that, directly or indirectly, arise out of, or are based on any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, any issuer free writing prospectus as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act, any Company information that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any road show as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act, including any electronic road show (a “road show”), or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are caused by any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein. The Company and the Underwriters acknowledge and agree that the only information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto consists of (i) the third, eighth, thirteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth paragraphs, in the section entitled “Underwriters”, in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and (ii) the list of Underwriters and their respective participation in the sale of the ADS.

(b) Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter, but only with reference to information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed between the Company and the Underwriters that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of (i) the third, eighth, thirteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth paragraphs, in the section entitled “Underwriters”, in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and (ii) the list of Underwriters and their respective participation in the sale of the ADS.

(c) In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 9(a) or 9(b), such person (the “ indemnified party ”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ indemnifying party ”) in writing, but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under subsection (a) or (b) above, except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided further that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under subsection (a) or (b) above; and the indemnifying party, upon request of the indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any others the indemnifying party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonably incurred, documented fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have mutually agreed in writing or via e-mail to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the named parties

 

26


to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such firm shall be designated in writing by the Representatives, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 9(a), and by the Company, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 9(b). The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second and third sentences of this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault or culpability by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d) To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 9(a) or 9(b) is unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each indemnifying party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from the offering of the ADSs or (ii) if the allocation provided by Section 9(d)(i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in Section 9(d)(i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the ADSs shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds from the offering of the ADSs (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate Public Offering Price of the ADSs. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters for express use and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 9 are several in proportion to the respective number of ADSs they have purchased hereunder, and not joint.

(e) The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 9 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 9(d). The amount paid or payable by an

 

27


indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in Section 9(d) shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 9, in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The remedies provided for in this Section 9 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law or in equity.

(f) The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 9 and the representations, warranties and other statements of the Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter or any affiliate of any Underwriter or by or on behalf of the Company, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii) acceptance of and payment for any of the ADSs.

10. Termination . The Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters may terminate this Agreement by notice given by you to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on, or by, as the case may be, any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market or the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, (ii) trading of any securities of the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market, (iii) a material disruption in securities settlement, payment or clearance services in the United States or the Federal Republic of Germany shall have occurred, (iv) any moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by Federal or New York State or German authorities or authorities in the United Kingdom, (v) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, or any change in financial markets, currency exchange rates or controls or any calamity or crisis that, in your reasonable judgment, is material and adverse and which, singly or together with any other event specified in this clause (v), makes it, in your reasonable judgment, after consultation with the Company, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offer, sale or delivery of the ADSs on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or (vi) upon non-occurrence of a condition precedent referred to in Section 6(a) and/or 6(b) above (each of the events set forth in clauses (i) to (vi) of this Section, a “ Termination Event ”).

(a) If a Termination Event occurs before the Subscription Certificate for the Firm Shares has been filed with the Commercial Register, the obligations of the Underwriters acting through the Settlement Agent to subscribe for the Firm Shares for the account of the several Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Firm Shares and the Firm ADSs may be canceled and this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives at their option and in their sole discretion on behalf of the several Underwriters and, in such circumstances, the Company shall return the Subscription Certificate and the Bank Certificate to the Settlement Agent and release any funds already credited to the Capital Increase Account for the benefit of the Settlement Agent acting for the account of the several Underwriters.

(b) If a Termination Event occurs after the application for the registration of the Capital Increase have been filed with the Commercial Register, the Representatives may at their option and in their sole discretion, on behalf of the several Underwriters, terminate this Agreement and request from the Company by written notification to the Company to employ its best efforts to procure a withdrawal of the application for registration of the Capital Increase from the Commercial Register. If the application is withdrawn successfully, the obligation of the Settlement Agent to subscribe for the Firm Shares for the account of the several Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the

 

28


Firm Shares and the Firm ADSs shall terminate, and the Company shall return the Subscription Certificate and the Bank Certificate to the Settlement Agent and release any funds already credited to the Capital Increase Account for the benefit of the Settlement Agent acting for the account of the several Underwriters.

(c) If a Termination Event occurs after the registration of the Capital Increase with the Commercial Register or on a date on which the application for the registration of the Capital Increase can no longer be withdrawn, or if despite a request a withdrawal does not occur for other reasons, the following shall apply:

(i) The Underwriters shall offer the Firm Shares to the Company’s shareholders (excluding the Underwriters) who hold Shares at the time at which such offer is made, in each case in proportion to their respective holdings (not taking into account the Firm Shares). The Underwriters shall be obligated to offer for sale the Firm Shares for a period of ten business days to each of the Company’s then existing shareholders (excluding the Underwriters), and, at the election of any of such existing shareholders, sell Firm Shares to such shareholder or any person designated by it in the proportions that the number of Firm ADSs set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule  I hereto bears to the aggregate number of Firm ADSs set forth opposite the names of all Underwriters. The purchase price determined by the Underwriters shall be at least equal to the Issue Price plus any costs and expenses per Firm Share incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the financing of the Issue Price from the Subscription Date to the date of such sale, any other costs and expenses per Firm Share arising from the foregoing procedures as well as any other costs and expenses pursuant to Section 7(i). From the proceeds of any such sale pursuant to this paragraph, the Underwriters shall retain an amount equal to the amount paid by them in connection with the subscription for the Firm Shares and the costs and expenses referred to in the preceding sentence, and the Company shall receive the remainder thereof.

(ii) If and to the extent that the Company’s shareholders elect not to purchase Firm Shares offered to them, or if such transfer of the Firm Shares against payment of the Issue Price plus any costs per Firm Share incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the financing of the Issue Price from the Subscription Date to the date of such sale, any other costs and expenses per Firm Share arising from the foregoing procedures as well as any other costs and expenses pursuant to Section 7(i) does not take place within the period specified in such sub-clause, the Company may, to the extent legally possible, designate one or more third parties to whom all or the remaining Firm Shares shall be sold in whole within a period not exceeding ten business days, and the Company shall cause such third party or parties to pay to the Underwriters a purchase price per Firm Share determined by the Company, which shall be at least equal to the Issue Price plus any costs and expenses per Firm Share incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the financing of the Issue Price from the Subscription Date to the date of such sale, any other costs and expenses per Firm Share arising from the foregoing procedures as well as any other costs and expenses pursuant to Section 7(i). From the proceeds of such sale, the Underwriters shall retain an amount equal to the amount paid by them in connection with the subscription for the Firm Shares and the costs and expenses referred to in the preceding sentence, and the Company shall receive the remainder thereof.

(iii) If and to the extent the Company fails to designate such third party or parties as set forth in Section 10(c)(ii) above within the period specified therein, or if following such designation the sale of and/or payment for the Firm Shares does not take place within the period specified therein, the Underwriters shall be entitled to sell the Firm Shares as they deem best. From the proceeds of such sale, the Underwriters shall retain an amount equal to (a) the Issue Price multiplied by the number of Firm Shares sold in accordance with this Section Section 10(c)(iii) plus (b) an amount equal to the difference between the Public Offering Price and the Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Firm Shares sold in

 

29


accordance with this Section Section 10(c)(iii) plus (c) any costs and expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with the financing of the Issue Price multiplied by the number of Firm Shares sold in accordance with this Section Section 10(c)(iii) from the Subscription Date to the date of such sale plus (d) any other costs and expenses pursuant to Section 7(i), and the Company shall receive the remainder thereof.

(iv) If the shares from the Capital Increase have already been transferred from the Settlement Agent to the Depositary and been registered in the Depositary’s name, the Company shall assist the Settlement Agent in taking all reasonable measures necessary to effect the re-transfer of such shares to the Settlement Agent or any other entity designated by the Settlement Agent, on behalf of the several Underwriters.

(d) Termination Event with regard to Additional Shares

(i) If a Termination Event occurs before the Subscription Certificate for the Additional Shares has been filed with the Commercial Register, the obligations of the Underwriters acting through the Settlement Agent to subscribe for the Additional Shares for the account of the several Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Additional Shares and the Additional ADSs may be canceled by the Representatives at their option and in their sole discretion on behalf of the several Underwriters and, in such circumstances, the Company shall return the Additional Shares Subscription Certificate and the Additional Shares Bank Certificate to the Settlement Agent and release any funds already credited to the Capital Increase Account for the benefit of the Settlement Agent.

(ii) If a Termination Event occurs after all documents required for the registration of the Additional Capital Increase representing the Additional Shares have been filed with the Commercial Register, the Representatives may at their option and in their sole discretion, on behalf of the several Underwriters, request from the Company by written notification to the Company to employ its best efforts to procure a withdrawal of the application for registration of the Additional Capital Increase from the Commercial Register. If the application is withdrawn successfully, the obligation of the Settlement Agent to subscribe for the Additional Shares for the account of the several Underwriters and the several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase the Additional Shares shall terminate and the Company shall return the Additional Shares Subscription Certificate and the Additional Shares Bank Certificate to the Settlement Agent and release any funds already credited to the Capital Increase Account for the benefit of the Settlement Agent.

(iii) If a Termination Event occurs after the registration of the Additional Capital Increase with the Commercial Register, there shall be no termination right with respect to the Underwriters’ obligations resulting from the exercise of the Greenshoe Option after registration of the Additional Capital Increase with the Commercial Register.

11. Effectiveness; Defaulting Underwriters . This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

If, on the Closing Date any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase ADSs that it has or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of ADSs which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase is not more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of the ADSs to be purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated severally in the proportions that the number of Firm ADSs set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule  I hereto bears to the aggregate number of Firm ADSs set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as you may specify, to purchase the ADSs which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date; provided that in no event shall the number of ADSs that any Underwriter has agreed to purchase pursuant to this Agreement be increased

 

30


pursuant to this Section 11 by an amount in excess of one-ninth of such number of ADSs without the written consent of such Underwriter. If, on the Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Firm ADSs and the aggregate number of Firm ADSs with respect to which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Firm ADSs to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to you and the Company for the purchase of such Firm ADSs are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company and Section 10(c)(iii) shall apply mutatis mutandis . In any such case, either you or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for longer than seven days, in order that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Prospectus, in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. Any action taken under this paragraph shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.

If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriters, or any of them, because of any failure or refusal on the part of the Company to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters or such Underwriters as have so terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves, severally, for all out-of-pocket expenses (including the fees and disbursements of their counsel) reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with this Agreement or the offering contemplated hereunder.

12. Entire Agreement . (a) This Agreement, together with any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) that relate to the offering of the ADSs, represents the entire agreement between the Company and the Underwriters with respect to the preparation of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, the conduct of the offering, and the purchase and sale of the ADSs.

(b) The Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the ADSs: (i) the Underwriters have acted at arm’s length, are not agents of, and owe no fiduciary duties to, the Company or any other person, (ii) the Underwriters owe the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement and prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement), if any, and (iii) the Underwriters may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Underwriters arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the ADSs.

13. Counterparts . This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

14. Applicable Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

15. Headings . The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed a part of this Agreement.

16. Notices . All communications hereunder shall be in writing and effective only upon receipt and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered, mailed or sent to the Representatives in care of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013, Attention: General Counsel; and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC, 1251 Avenue of the Americas-53rd floor, New York, New York 10020, Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; and if to the Company shall be delivered, mailed or sent to Sacha Poignonnec, Jumia Technologies AG, Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany.

 

31


17. Submission to Jurisdiction; Appointment of Agents for Service . (a) The Company irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or United States Federal court sitting in The City of New York (the “ Specified Courts ”) over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the offering of the ADSs (each, a “ Related Proceeding ”). Each of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any Related Proceeding brought in such a court and any claim that any such Related Proceeding brought in such a court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. To the extent that any of the Company, its subsidiaries or its affiliates has or hereafter may acquire any immunity (on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise) from the jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process with respect to itself or its property, the Company, such subsidiary or affiliate irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, such immunity in respect of any such suit, action or proceeding.

(b) The Company hereby irrevocably appoints Puglisi & Associates, with offices at 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, Delaware 19711, as its agent for service of process in any Related Proceeding and agrees that service of process in any such Related Proceeding may be made upon it at the office of such agent. The Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any other requirements of or objections to personal jurisdiction with respect thereto. The Company represents and warrants that such agent has agreed to act as the Company’s agent for service of process, and the Company agrees to take any and all action, including the filing of any and all documents and instruments, that may be necessary to continue such appointment in full force and effect.

18. Judgment Currency . If for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder into any currency other than United States dollars, the parties hereto agree, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Underwriters could purchase United States dollars with such other currency in The City of New York on the business day preceding that on which final judgment is given. The obligation of the Company with respect to any sum due from it to any Underwriter or any person controlling any Underwriter shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency other than United States dollars, not be discharged until the first business day following receipt by such Underwriter or controlling person of any sum in such other currency, and only to the extent that such Underwriter or controlling person may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase United States dollars with such other currency. If the United States dollars so purchased are less than the sum originally due to such Underwriter or controlling person hereunder, the Company agrees as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify such Underwriter or controlling person against such loss. If the United States dollars so purchased are greater than the sum originally due to such Underwriter or controlling person hereunder, such Underwriter or controlling person agrees to pay to the Company an amount equal to the excess of the dollars so purchased over the sum originally due to such Underwriter or controlling person hereunder.

19. Taxes. If any sum payable by the Company under this Agreement is subject to tax in the hands of an Underwriter or taken into account as a receipt in computing the taxable income of that Underwriter (excluding net income taxes on underwriting commissions payable hereunder), the sum payable to the Underwriter under this Agreement shall be increased to such sum as will ensure that the Underwriter shall be left with the sum it would have had in the absence of such tax.

20. Survival . The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the ADSs and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters.

21. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes . (a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such

 

32


Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

For purposes of this Section a “ BHC Act Affiliate ” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k). “ Covered Entity ” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “ Default Right ” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “ U.S. Special Resolution Regime ” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

22. Contractual Recognition of Bail-in.

(a) Notwithstanding and to the exclusion of any other term of this Agreement or any other agreements, arrangements, or understanding among the Underwriters, the Underwriters acknowledge and accept that a BRRD Liability arising under this Agreement may be subject to the exercise of Bail-in Powers by the Relevant Resolution Authority, and acknowledge, accept, and agree to be bound by:

the effect of the exercise of Bail-in Powers by the Relevant Resolution Authority in relation to any BRRD Liability of any Underwriters to any other Underwriter under this Agreement, that (without limitation) may include and result in any of the following, or some combination thereof:

(A) the reduction of all, or a portion, of the BRRD Liability or outstanding amounts due thereon;

(B) the conversion of all, or a portion, of the BRRD Liability into shares, other securities or other obligations of the relevant Underwriters or another person, and the issue to or conferral of such shares, securities or obligations on the creditor or counterparty of such Underwriter;

(C) the cancellation of the BRRD Liability;

(D) the amendment or alteration of any interest, if applicable, thereon, the maturity or the dates on which any payments are due, including by suspending payment for a temporary period;

the variation of the terms of this Agreement, as deemed necessary by the Relevant Resolution Authority, to give effect to the exercise of Bail-in Powers by the Relevant Resolution Authority.

(b) Bail in Definitions. For the purposes of this Section 23:

Bail-in Legislation ” means in relation to a member state of the European Economic Area which has implemented, or which at any time implements, the BRRD, the relevant implementing law, regulation, rule or requirement as described in the EU Bail-in Legislation Schedule from time to time

 

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Bail-in Powers ” means any Write-down and Conversion Powers as defined in the EU Bail-in Legislation Schedule, in relation to the relevant Bail-in Legislation.

BRRD ” means Directive 2014/59/EU establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms.

EU Bail-in Legislation Schedule ” means the document described as such, then in effect, and published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person) from time to time.

BRRD Liability ” means a liability in respect of which the relevant Write Down and Conversion Powers in the applicable Bail-in Legislation may be exercised.

Relevant Resolution Authority ” means the resolution authority with the ability to exercise any Bail-in Powers in relation to the Underwriters.

[Signature page follows.]

 

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Very truly yours,
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

[ Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement ]


Accepted as of the date hereof

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

Acting severally on behalf of themselves and

       the several Underwriters named in

        Schedule I hereto.

 

By:

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

By:

 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

By:

 

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

 

[ Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement ]


SCHEDULE I

 

Underwriter

  

Number of Firm ADSs To
Be Purchased

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

                           

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

  

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

  

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

  

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

  

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

  

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

  
  

 

 

 

Total:

  
  

 

 

 


SCHEDULE II

Time of Sale Prospectus

 

1.

Preliminary prospectus issued [date]

 

2.

[identify all free writing prospectuses filed by the Company under Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act]

 

3.

[free writing prospectus containing a description of terms that does not reflect final terms, if the Time of Sale Prospectus does not include a final term sheet]

 

4.

[orally communicated pricing information such as price per share and size of offering if a Rule 134 pricing term sheet is used at the time of sale instead of a pricing term sheet filed by the Company under Rule 433(d) as a free writing prospectus]

 

II-1


SCHEDULE III

Written Testing-the-Waters Communications

 

III-1


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION CERTIFICATE

[TO COME]


EXHIBIT B

FORM OF BANK CERTIFICATE

[TO COME]


EXHIBIT C

FORM OF GLOBAL SHARE CERTIFICATE

[TO COME]


EXHIBIT D

FORM OF LOCK-UP LETTER


EXHIBIT E

FORM OF WAIVER OF LOCK-UP

                     , 20         

[Name and Address of

Officer or Director

Requesting Waiver]

Dear Mr./Ms. [Name]:

This letter is being delivered to you in connection with the offering by Jumia Technologies AG, a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and registered with the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) in Berlin, Germany, under number [●] (the “ Company ”) of [●] American Depositary Shares, representing an aggregate of [●] ordinary bearer shares with no par value (the “ Stock ”), of the Company and the lock-up letter dated                      , 20          (the “ Lock-up Letter ”), executed by you in connection with such offering, and your request for a [waiver] [release] dated                      , 20          , with respect to                      shares of Stock (the “ Shares ”).

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC hereby agree to [waive] [release] the transfer restrictions set forth in the Lock-up Letter, but only with respect to the Shares, effective                      , 20          ; provided, however, that such [waiver] [release] is conditioned on the Company announcing the impending [waiver] [release] by press release through a major news service at least two business days before effectiveness of such [waiver] [release]. This letter will serve as notice to the Company of the impending [waiver] [release].

Except as expressly [waived] [released] hereby, the Lock-up Letter shall remain in full force and effect.


Very truly yours,

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

Acting severally on behalf of themselves and the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto.

By:

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

By:

 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

 

By:

 

Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC

By:

   
 

Name:

 

Title:

cc: Company


EXHIBIT F

FORM OF PRESS RELEASE

Jumia Technologies AG

[Date]

Jumia Technologies AG (the “ Company ”) announced today that Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Berenberg Capital Markets, LLC, the lead book-running managers in the Company’s recent public sale of [●] American Depositary Shares, representing an aggregate of [●] ordinary bearer shares with no par value, is [waiving][releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to [●] of the Company’s American Depositary Shares held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer or director] of the Company. The [waiver][release] will take effect on                      , 2019, and the American Depositary Shares may be sold on or after such date.

This press release is not an offer for sale of the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Exhibit 4.1

 

 

 

 

 

JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG

AND

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

As Depositary

AND

OWNERS AND HOLDERS OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

Deposit Agreement

                     , 2019

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE 1.

  DEFINITIONS      1  

            

  SECTION 1.1.   American Depositary Shares.      1  
  SECTION 1.2.   Commission.      1  
  SECTION 1.3.   Company.      2  
  SECTION 1.4.   Custodian.      2  
  SECTION 1.5.   Delisting Event.      2  
  SECTION 1.6.   Deliver; Surrender.      2  
  SECTION 1.7.   Deposit Agreement.      2  
  SECTION 1.8.   Depositary; Depositary’s Office.      2  
  SECTION 1.9.   Deposited Securities.      3  
  SECTION 1.10.   Disseminate.      3  
  SECTION 1.11.   Dollars.      3  
  SECTION 1.12.   DTC.      3  
  SECTION 1.13.   Foreign Registrar.      3  
  SECTION 1.14.   Holder.      3  
  SECTION 1.15.   Insolvency Event.      3  
  SECTION 1.16.   Owner.      3  
  SECTION 1.17.   Receipts.      4  
  SECTION 1.18.   Registrar.      4  
  SECTION 1.19.   Replacement.      4  
  SECTION 1.20.   Restricted Securities.      4  
  SECTION 1.21.   Securities Act of 1933.      4  
  SECTION 1.22.   Shares.      4  
  SECTION 1.23.   SWIFT.      4  
  SECTION 1.24.   Termination Option Event.      4  

ARTICLE 2.

 

FORM OF RECEIPTS, DEPOSIT OF SHARES, DELIVERY, TRANSFER AND SURRENDER OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

     5  
 

SECTION 2.1.

 

Form of Receipts; Registration and Transferability of American Depositary Shares.

     5  
 

SECTION 2.2.

 

Deposit of Shares.

     5  
 

SECTION 2.3.

 

Delivery of American Depositary Shares.

     6  
 

SECTION 2.4.

 

Registration of Transfer of American Depositary Shares; Combination and Split-up of Receipts; Interchange of Certificated and Uncertificated American Depositary Shares.

     6  
 

SECTION 2.5.

 

Surrender of American Depositary Shares and Withdrawal of Deposited Securities.

     7  
 

SECTION 2.6.

 

Limitations on Delivery, Transfer and Surrender of American Depositary Shares.

     8  
               SECTION 2.7.   Lost Receipts, etc.      8  
  SECTION 2.8.   Cancellation and Destruction of Surrendered Receipts.      8  
  SECTION 2.9.   DTC Direct Registration System and Profile Modification System.      8  

ARTICLE 3.

 

CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS OF OWNERS AND HOLDERS OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

     9  
  SECTION 3.1.   Filing Proofs, Certificates and Other Information.      9  
  SECTION 3.2.   Liability of Owner for Taxes.      9  
  SECTION 3.3.   Warranties on Deposit of Shares.      10  
  SECTION 3.4.   Disclosure of Interests.      10  

 

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ARTICLE 4.   THE DEPOSITED SECURITIES      10  
  SECTION 4.1.   Cash Distributions.      10  
  SECTION 4.2.   Distributions Other Than Cash, Shares or Rights.      10  
  SECTION 4.3.   Distributions in Shares.      11  
  SECTION 4.4.   Rights.      12  
  SECTION 4.5.   Conversion of Foreign Currency.      12  
  SECTION 4.6.   Fixing of Record Date.      13  
  SECTION 4.7.   Voting of Deposited Shares.      14  
 

SECTION 4.8.

 

Tender and Exchange Offers; Redemption, Replacement or Cancellation of Deposited Securities.

     15  
  SECTION 4.9.   Reports.      16  
  SECTION 4.10.   Lists of Owners.      16  
  SECTION 4.11.   Withholding.      16  
ARTICLE 5.   THE DEPOSITARY, THE CUSTODIANS AND THE COMPANY      16  
  SECTION 5.1.   Maintenance of Office and Transfer Books by the Depositary.      16  
  SECTION 5.2.  

Prevention or Delay of Performance by the Company or the Depositary.

     17  
  SECTION 5.3.   Obligations of the Depositary and the Company.      17  
  SECTION 5.4.   Resignation and Removal of the Depositary.      18  
  SECTION 5.5.   The Custodians.      19  
  SECTION 5.6.   Notices and Reports.      19  
  SECTION 5.7.   Distribution of Additional Shares, Rights, etc.      20  
  SECTION 5.8.   Indemnification.      20  
  SECTION 5.9.   Charges of Depositary.      20  
  SECTION 5.10.   Retention of Depositary Documents.      21  
  SECTION 5.11.   Exclusivity.      21  
               SECTION 5.12.   Information for Regulatory Compliance.      21  
ARTICLE 6.   AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION      21  
  SECTION 6.1.   Amendment.      21  
  SECTION 6.2.   Termination.      22  
ARTICLE 7.   MISCELLANEOUS      23  
  SECTION 7.1.   Counterparts; Signatures.      23  
  SECTION 7.2.   No Third Party Beneficiaries.      23  
  SECTION 7.3.   Severability.      23  
  SECTION 7.4.   Owners and Holders as Parties; Binding Effect.      23  
  SECTION 7.5.   Notices.      23  
 

SECTION 7.6.

 

Appointment of Agent for Service of Process; Submission to Jurisdiction; Jury Trial Waiver.

     24  
  SECTION 7.7.   Waiver of Immunities.      24  
  SECTION 7.8.   Governing Law.      25  

 

-ii-


DEPOSIT AGREEMENT

DEPOSIT AGREEMENT dated as of                      , 2019 among JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG, a stock corporation incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany (herein called the Company), THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, a New York banking corporation (herein called the Depositary), and all Owners and Holders (each as hereinafter defined) from time to time of American Depositary Shares issued hereunder.

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide, as set forth in this Deposit Agreement, for the deposit of Shares (as hereinafter defined) of the Company from time to time with the Depositary or with the Custodian (as hereinafter defined) under this Deposit Agreement, for the creation of American Depositary Shares representing the Shares so deposited and for the execution and delivery of American Depositary Receipts evidencing the American Depositary Shares; and

WHEREAS, the American Depositary Receipts are to be substantially in the form of Exhibit A annexed to this Deposit Agreement, with appropriate insertions, modifications and omissions, as set forth in this Deposit Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, it is agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated, apply to the respective terms used in this Deposit Agreement:

SECTION 1.1.     American Depositary Shares.

The term “ American Depositary Shares ” shall mean the securities created under this Deposit Agreement representing rights with respect to the Deposited Securities. American Depositary Shares may be certificated securities evidenced by Receipts or uncertificated securities. The form of Receipt annexed as Exhibit A to this Deposit Agreement shall be the prospectus required under the Securities Act of 1933 for sales of both certificated and uncertificated American Depositary Shares. Except for those provisions of this Deposit Agreement that refer specifically to Receipts, all the provisions of this Deposit Agreement shall apply to both certificated and uncertificated American Depositary Shares.

Each American Depositary Share shall represent the number of Shares specified in Exhibit A to this Deposit Agreement, except that , if there is a distribution upon Deposited Securities covered by Section 4.3, a change in Deposited Securities covered by Section 4.8 with respect to which additional American Depositary Shares are not delivered or a sale of Deposited Securities under Section 3.2 or 4.8, each American Depositary Share shall thereafter represent the amount of Shares or other Deposited Securities that are then on deposit per American Depositary Share after giving effect to that distribution, change or sale.

SECTION 1.2.     Commission.

The term “ Commission ” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States or any successor governmental agency in the United States.

 

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SECTION 1.3.     Company.

The term “ Company ” shall mean Jumia Technologies AG, a stock corporation incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, and its successors.

SECTION 1.4.     Custodian.

The term “ Custodian ” shall mean The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV as custodian for the Depositary in Germany for the purposes of this Deposit Agreement, and any other firm or corporation the Depositary appoints under Section 5.5 as a substitute or additional custodian under this Deposit Agreement, and shall also mean all of them collectively.

SECTION 1.5.     Delisting Event.

A “ Delisting Event ” occurs if the American Depositary Shares are delisted from a securities exchange on which the American Depositary Shares were listed and the Company has not listed or applied to list the American Depositary Shares on any other securities exchange.

SECTION 1.6.     Deliver; Surrender.

(a) The term “ deliver ”, or its noun form, when used with respect to Shares or other Deposited Securities, shall mean (i) book-entry transfer of those Shares or other Deposited Securities to an account maintained by an institution authorized under applicable law to effect transfers of such securities designated by the person entitled to that delivery or (ii) physical transfer of certificates evidencing those Shares or other Deposited Securities registered in the name of, or duly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer to, the person entitled to that delivery.

(b) The term “ deliver ”, or its noun form, when used with respect to American Depositary Shares, shall mean (i) registration of those American Depositary Shares in the name of DTC or its nominee and book-entry transfer of those American Depositary Shares to an account at DTC designated by the person entitled to that delivery, (ii) registration of those American Depositary Shares not evidenced by a Receipt on the books of the Depositary in the name requested by the person entitled to that delivery and mailing to that person of a statement confirming that registration or (iii) if requested by the person entitled to that delivery, execution and delivery at the Depositary’s Office to the person entitled to that delivery of one or more Receipts evidencing those American Depositary Shares registered in the name requested by that person.

(c) The term “ surrender ”, when used with respect to American Depositary Shares, shall mean (i) one or more book-entry transfers of American Depositary Shares to the DTC account of the Depositary, (ii) delivery to the Depositary at its Office of an instruction to surrender American Depositary Shares not evidenced by a Receipt or (iii) surrender to the Depositary at its Office of one or more Receipts evidencing American Depositary Shares.

SECTION 1.7.     Deposit Agreement.

The term “ Deposit Agreement ” shall mean this Deposit Agreement, as it may be amended from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 1.8.     Depositary; Depositary s Office.

The term “ Depositary ” shall mean The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation, and any successor as depositary under this Deposit Agreement. The term “ Office ”, when used with respect to the Depositary, shall mean the office at which its depositary receipts business is administered, which, at the date of this Deposit Agreement, is located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286.

 

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SECTION 1.9.     Deposited Securities.

The term “ Deposited Securities ” as of any time shall mean Shares at such time deposited or deemed to be deposited under this Deposit Agreement, including without limitation, Shares that have not been successfully delivered upon surrender of American Depositary Shares, and any and all other securities, property and cash received by the Depositary or the Custodian in respect of Deposited Securities and at that time held under this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 1.10.     Disseminate.

The term “ Disseminate ,” when referring to a notice or other information to be sent by the Depositary to Owners, shall mean (i) sending that information to Owners in paper form by mail or another means or (ii) with the consent of Owners, another procedure that has the effect of making the information available to Owners, which may include (A) sending the information by electronic mail or electronic messaging or (B) sending in paper form or by electronic mail or messaging a statement that the information is available and may be accessed by the Owner on an Internet website and that it will be sent in paper form upon request by the Owner, when that information is so available and is sent in paper form as promptly as practicable upon request.

SECTION 1.11.     Dollars.

The term “ Dollars ” shall mean United States dollars.

SECTION 1.12.     DTC.

The term “ DTC ” shall mean The Depository Trust Company or its successor.

SECTION 1.13.     Foreign Registrar.

The term “ Foreign Registrar ” shall mean the entity that carries out the duties of registrar for the Shares and any other agent of the Company for the transfer and registration of Shares, including, without limitation, any securities depository for the Shares.

SECTION 1.14.     Holder.

The term “ Holder ” shall mean any person holding a Receipt or a security entitlement or other interest in American Depositary Shares, whether for its own account or for the account of another person, but that is not the Owner of that Receipt or those American Depositary Shares.

SECTION 1.15.     Insolvency Event.

An “ Insolvency Event ” occurs if the Company institutes proceedings to be adjudicated as bankrupt or insolvent, consents to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, files a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable law in respect of bankruptcy or insolvency, consents to the filing of any petition of that kind or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian or sequestrator (or other similar official) of it or any substantial part of its property or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or if information becomes publicly available indicating that unsecured claims against the Company are not expected to be paid.

SECTION 1.16.     Owner.

The term “ Owner ” shall mean the person in whose name American Depositary Shares are registered on the books of the Depositary maintained for that purpose.

 

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SECTION 1.17.     Receipts.

The term “ Receipts ” shall mean the American Depositary Receipts issued under this Deposit Agreement evidencing certificated American Depositary Shares, as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 1.18.     Registrar.

The term “ Registrar ” shall mean any corporation or other entity that is appointed by the Depositary to register American Depositary Shares and transfers of American Depositary Shares as provided in this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 1.19.     Replacement.

The term “ Replacement ” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 4.8(c).

SECTION 1.20.     Restricted Securities.

The term “ Restricted Securities ” shall mean Shares that (i) are “restricted securities,” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, except for Shares that could be resold in reliance on Rule 144 without any conditions, (ii) are beneficially owned by an officer, director (or person performing similar functions) or other affiliate of the Company, (iii) otherwise would require registration under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the public offer and sale thereof in the United States or (iv) are subject to other restrictions on sale or deposit under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, a shareholder agreement or the articles of association or similar document of the Company.

SECTION 1.21.     Securities Act of 1933.

The term “ Securities Act of 1933 ” shall mean the United States Securities Act of 1933, as from time to time amended.

SECTION 1.22.     Shares.

The term “ Shares ” shall mean ordinary shares of the Company that are validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable and that were not issued in violation of any pre-emptive or similar rights of the holders of outstanding securities of the Company; provided , however , that, if there shall occur any change in nominal or par value, a split-up or consolidation or any other reclassification or, upon the occurrence of an event described in Section 4.8, an exchange or conversion in respect of the Shares of the Company, the term “Shares” shall thereafter also mean the successor securities resulting from such change in nominal value, split-up or consolidation or such other reclassification or such exchange or conversion.

SECTION 1.23.     SWIFT.

The term “ SWIFT ” shall mean the financial messaging network operated by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or its successor.

SECTION 1.24.     Termination Option Event.

The term “ Termination Option Event ” shall mean an event of a kind defined as such in Section 4.1, 4.2 or 4.8.

 

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ARTICLE 2.

FORM OF RECEIPTS, DEPOSIT OF SHARES, DELIVERY, TRANSFER AND SURRENDER OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

SECTION 2.1.     Form of Receipts; Registration and Transferability of American Depositary Shares.

Definitive Receipts shall be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A to this Deposit Agreement, with appropriate insertions, modifications and omissions, as permitted under this Deposit Agreement. No Receipt shall be entitled to any benefits under this Deposit Agreement or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless that Receipt has been (i) executed by the Depositary by the manual signature of a duly authorized officer of the Depositary or (ii) executed by the facsimile signature of a duly authorized officer of the Depositary and countersigned by the manual signature of a duly authorized signatory of the Depositary or the Registrar or a co-registrar. The Depositary shall maintain books on which (x) each Receipt so executed and delivered as provided in this Deposit Agreement and each transfer of that Receipt and (y) all American Depositary Shares delivered as provided in this Deposit Agreement and all registrations of transfer of American Depositary Shares, shall be registered. A Receipt bearing the facsimile signature of a person that was at any time a proper officer of the Depositary shall, subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, bind the Depositary, even if that person was not a proper officer of the Depositary on the date of issuance of that Receipt.

The Receipts and statements confirming registration of American Depositary Shares may have incorporated in or attached to them such legends or recitals or modifications not inconsistent with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement as may be required by the Depositary or required to comply with any applicable law or regulations thereunder or with the rules and regulations of any securities exchange upon which American Depositary Shares may be listed or to conform with any usage with respect thereto, or to indicate any special limitations or restrictions to which any particular Receipts and American Depositary Shares are subject by reason of the date of issuance of the underlying Deposited Securities or otherwise.

American Depositary Shares evidenced by a Receipt, when the Receipt is properly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer, shall be transferable as certificated registered securities under the laws of the State of New York. American Depositary Shares not evidenced by Receipts shall be transferable as uncertificated registered securities under the laws of the State of New York. The Depositary, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary, may treat the Owner of American Depositary Shares as the absolute owner thereof for the purpose of determining the person entitled to distribution of dividends or other distributions or to any notice provided for in this Deposit Agreement and for all other purposes, and neither the Depositary nor the Company shall have any obligation or be subject to any liability under this Deposit Agreement to any Holder of American Depositary Shares (but only to the Owner of those American Depositary Shares).

SECTION 2.2.     Deposit of Shares.

Subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, Shares or evidence of rights to receive Shares may be deposited under this Deposit Agreement by delivery thereof to any Custodian, accompanied by any appropriate instruments or instructions for transfer, or endorsement, in form satisfactory to the Custodian.

As conditions of accepting Shares for deposit, the Depositary may require (i) any certification required by the Depositary or the Custodian in accordance with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement, (ii) a written order directing the Depositary to deliver to, or upon the written order of, the person or persons stated in that order American Depositary Shares representing those deposited Shares, (iii) evidence satisfactory to the Depositary that those Shares have been re-registered in the books of the Company or the Foreign Registrar in the name of the Depositary, a Custodian or a nominee of the Depositary or a Custodian, (iv) evidence satisfactory to the Depositary that any necessary approval for the transfer or deposit has been granted by any governmental body in each applicable jurisdiction and (v) an agreement or assignment, or other instrument satisfactory to the Depositary, that provides for the prompt transfer to the Custodian of any dividend, or right to subscribe for additional Shares or to receive other property, that any person in whose name those Shares are or have been

 

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recorded may thereafter receive upon or in respect of those Shares, or, in lieu thereof, such agreement of indemnity or other agreement as shall be satisfactory to the Depositary.

At the request and risk and expense of a person proposing to deposit Shares, and for the account of that person, the Depositary may receive certificates for Shares to be deposited, together with the other instruments specified in this Section, for the purpose of forwarding those Share certificates to the Custodian for deposit under this Deposit Agreement.

The Depositary shall instruct each Custodian that, upon each delivery to a Custodian of a certificate or certificates for Shares to be deposited under this Deposit Agreement, together with the other documents specified in this Section, that Custodian shall, as soon as transfer and recordation can be accomplished, present that certificate or those certificates to the Company or the Foreign Registrar, if applicable, for transfer and recordation of the Shares being deposited in the name of the Depositary or its nominee or that Custodian or its nominee.

Deposited Securities shall be held by the Depositary or by a Custodian for the account and to the order of the Depositary or at such other place or places as the Depositary shall determine.

SECTION 2.3.     Delivery of American Depositary Shares.

The Depositary shall instruct each Custodian that, upon receipt by that Custodian of any deposit pursuant to Section 2.2, together with the other documents or evidence required under that Section, that Custodian shall notify the Depositary of that deposit and the person or persons to whom or upon whose written order American Depositary Shares are deliverable in respect thereof. Upon receiving a notice of a deposit from a Custodian, or upon the receipt of Shares or evidence of the right to receive Shares by the Depositary, the Depositary, subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, shall deliver, to or upon the order of the person or persons entitled thereto, the number of American Depositary Shares issuable in respect of that deposit, but only upon payment to the Depositary of the fees and expenses of the Depositary for the delivery of those American Depositary Shares as provided in Section 5.9, and of all taxes and governmental charges and fees payable in connection with that deposit and the transfer of the deposited Shares. However , the Depositary shall deliver only whole numbers of American Depositary Shares.

SECTION 2.4.     Registration of Transfer of American Depositary Shares; Combination and Split-up of Receipts; Interchange of Certificated and Uncertificated American Depositary Shares.

The Depositary, subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, shall register a transfer of American Depositary Shares on its transfer books upon (i) in the case of certificated American Depositary Shares, surrender of the Receipt evidencing those American Depositary Shares, by the Owner or by a duly authorized attorney, properly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer or (ii) in the case of uncertificated American Depositary Shares, receipt from the Owner of a proper instruction (including, for the avoidance of doubt, instructions through DRS and Profile as provided in Section 2.9), and, in either case, duly stamped as may be required by the laws of the State of New York and of the United States of America. Upon registration of a transfer, the Depositary shall deliver the transferred American Depositary Shares to or upon the order of the person entitled thereto.

The Depositary, subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, shall upon surrender of a Receipt or Receipts for the purpose of effecting a split-up or combination of such Receipt or Receipts, execute and deliver a new Receipt or Receipts for any authorized number of American Depositary Shares requested, evidencing the same aggregate number of American Depositary Shares as the Receipt or Receipts surrendered.

The Depositary, upon surrender of certificated American Depositary Shares for the purpose of exchanging for uncertificated American Depositary Shares, shall cancel the Receipt evidencing those certificated American Depositary Shares and send the Owner a statement confirming that the Owner is the owner of the same

 

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number of uncertificated American Depositary Shares. The Depositary, upon receipt of a proper instruction (including, for the avoidance of doubt, instructions through DRS and Profile as provided in Section 2.9) from the Owner of uncertificated American Depositary Shares for the purpose of exchanging for certificated American Depositary Shares, shall cancel those uncertificated American Depositary Shares and register and deliver to the Owner a Receipt evidencing the same number of certificated American Depositary Shares.

The Depositary may appoint one or more co-transfer agents for the purpose of effecting registration of transfers of American Depositary Shares and combinations and split-ups of Receipts at designated transfer offices on behalf of the Depositary. In carrying out its functions, a co-transfer agent may require evidence of authority and compliance with applicable laws and other requirements by Owners or persons entitled to American Depositary Shares and will be entitled to protection and indemnity to the same extent as the Depositary.

SECTION 2.5.     Surrender of American Depositary Shares and Withdrawal of Deposited Securities.

Upon surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal of the Deposited Securities represented thereby and payment of the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares as provided in Section 5.9 and payment of all taxes and governmental charges payable in connection with that surrender and withdrawal of the Deposited Securities, and subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, the Owner of those American Depositary Shares shall be entitled to delivery (to the extent delivery can then be lawfully and practicably made), to or as instructed by that Owner, of the amount of Deposited Securities at the time represented by those American Depositary Shares, but not any money or other property as to which a record date for distribution to Owners has passed (since money or other property of that kind will be delivered or paid on the scheduled payment date to the Owner as of that record date), and except that the Depositary shall not be required to accept surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal to the extent it would require delivery of a fraction of a Deposited Security. That delivery shall be made, as provided in this Section, without unreasonable delay.

As a condition of accepting a surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal of Deposited Securities, the Depositary may require (i) that each surrendered Receipt be properly endorsed in blank or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer in blank and (ii) that the surrendering Owner execute and deliver to the Depositary a written order directing the Depositary to cause the Deposited Securities being withdrawn to be delivered to or upon the written order of a person or persons designated in that order.

Thereupon, the Depositary shall direct the Custodian to deliver, subject to Sections 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2, the other terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement and local market rules and practices, to the surrendering Owner or to or upon the written order of the person or persons designated in the order delivered to the Depositary as above provided, the amount of Deposited Securities represented by the surrendered American Depositary Shares, and the Depositary may charge the surrendering Owner a fee and its expenses for giving that direction by cable (including SWIFT) or facsimile transmission.

If Deposited Securities are delivered physically upon surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal, that delivery will be made at the Custodian’s office, except that , at the request, risk and expense of an Owner surrendering American Depositary Shares for withdrawal of Deposited Securities, and for the account of that Owner, the Depositary shall direct the Custodian to forward any cash or other property comprising, and forward a certificate or certificates, if applicable, and other proper documents of title, if any, for, the Deposited Securities represented by the surrendered American Depositary Shares to the Depositary for delivery at the Depositary’s Office or to another address specified in the order received from the surrendering Owner.

 

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SECTION 2.6.     Limitations on Delivery, Transfer and Surrender of American Depositary Shares.

As a condition precedent to the delivery, registration of transfer or surrender of any American Depositary Shares or split-up or combination of any Receipt or withdrawal of any Deposited Securities, the Depositary, Custodian or Registrar may require payment from the depositor of Shares or the presenter of the Receipt or instruction for registration of transfer or surrender of American Depositary Shares not evidenced by a Receipt of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any tax or other governmental charge and any stock transfer or registration fee with respect thereto (including any such tax or charge and fee with respect to Shares being deposited or withdrawn) and payment of any applicable fees as provided in this Deposit Agreement, may require the production of proof satisfactory to it as to the identity and genuineness of any signature and may also require compliance with any regulations the Depositary may establish consistent with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement, including, without limitation, this Section 2.6.

The delivery of American Depositary Shares against deposit of Shares generally or against deposit of particular Shares may be suspended, or the registration of transfer of American Depositary Shares in particular instances may be refused, or the registration of transfer of outstanding American Depositary Shares generally may be suspended, during any period when the transfer books of the Depositary are closed, or if any such action is deemed necessary or advisable by the Depositary or the Company at any time or from time to time because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body or commission, or under any provision of this Deposit Agreement, or for any other reason. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Deposit Agreement, the surrender of outstanding American Depositary Shares and withdrawal of Deposited Securities may not be suspended, subject only to (i) temporary delays caused by closing of the transfer books of the Depositary or the Company or the Foreign Registrar, if applicable, or the deposit of Shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends, (ii) the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges, and (iii) compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the American Depositary Shares or to the withdrawal of the Deposited Securities.

The Depositary shall not knowingly accept for deposit under this Deposit Agreement any Shares that, at the time of deposit, are Restricted Securities.

SECTION 2.7.     Lost Receipts, etc.

If a Receipt is mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen, the Depositary shall deliver to the Owner the American Depositary Shares evidenced by that Receipt in uncertificated form or, if requested by the Owner, execute and deliver a new Receipt of like tenor in exchange and substitution for such mutilated Receipt, upon surrender and cancellation of that mutilated Receipt, or in lieu of and in substitution for that destroyed, lost or stolen Receipt. However , before the Depositary will deliver American Depositary Shares in uncertificated form or execute and deliver a new Receipt, in substitution for a destroyed, lost or stolen Receipt, the Owner must (a) file with the Depositary (i) a request for that replacement before the Depositary has notice that the Receipt has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser and (ii) a sufficient indemnity bond and (b) satisfy any other reasonable requirements imposed by the Depositary.

SECTION 2.8.     Cancellation and Destruction of Surrendered Receipts.

The Depositary shall cancel all Receipts surrendered to it and is authorized to destroy Receipts so cancelled.

SECTION 2.9.     DTC Direct Registration System and Profile Modification System .

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.4, the parties acknowledge that DTC’s Direct Registration System (“ DRS ”) and Profile Modification System (“ Profile ”) apply to the American Depositary Shares upon acceptance thereof to DRS by DTC. DRS is the system administered by DTC that facilitates interchange between registered holding of uncertificated securities and holding of security entitlements in those

 

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securities through DTC and a DTC participant. Profile is a required feature of DRS that allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of an Owner of American Depositary Shares, to direct the Depositary to register a transfer of those American Depositary Shares to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those American Depositary Shares to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the Depositary of prior authorization from the Owner to register that transfer.

(b) In connection with DRS/Profile, the parties acknowledge that the Depositary will not determine whether the DTC participant that is claiming to be acting on behalf of an Owner in requesting a registration of transfer and delivery as described in paragraph (a) above has the actual authority to act on behalf of that Owner (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). For the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Sections 5.3 and 5.8 apply to the matters arising from the use of the DRS/Profile. The parties agree that the Depositary’s reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the Depositary through the DRS/Profile system and otherwise in accordance with this Deposit Agreement shall not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the Depositary.

 

ARTICLE 3.

CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS OF OWNERS AND HOLDERS OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

SECTION 3.1.     Filing Proofs, Certificates and Other Information.

Any person presenting Shares for deposit or any Owner or Holder may be required from time to time to file with the Depositary or the Custodian such proof of citizenship or residence, exchange control approval, or such information relating to the registration on the books of the Company or the Foreign Registrar, if applicable, to execute such certificates and to make such representations and warranties, as the Depositary may deem necessary or proper. The Depositary may withhold the delivery or registration of transfer of any American Depositary Shares, the distribution of any dividend or other distribution or of the proceeds thereof or the delivery of any Deposited Securities until that proof or other information is filed or those certificates are executed or those representations and warranties are made. If requested in writing by the Company, the Depositary will provide the Company in a timely manner with copies of any such proofs, certificates or other information that it receives pursuant to this Section 3.1, to the extent that disclosure is permitted under applicable law.

SECTION 3.2.     Liability of Owner for Taxes.

If any tax or other governmental charge shall become payable by the Custodian or the Depositary with respect to or in connection with any American Depositary Shares or any Deposited Securities represented by any American Depositary Shares or in connection with a transaction to which Section 4.8 applies, that tax or other governmental charge shall be payable by the Owner of those American Depositary Shares to the Depositary. The Depositary may refuse to register any transfer of those American Depositary Shares or any withdrawal of Deposited Securities represented by those American Depositary Shares until that payment is made, and may withhold any dividends or other distributions or the proceeds thereof, or may sell for the account of the Owner any part or all of the Deposited Securities represented by those American Depositary Shares and apply those dividends or other distributions or the net proceeds of any sale of that kind in payment of that tax or other governmental charge but , even after a sale of that kind, the Owner of those American Depositary Shares shall remain liable for any deficiency. The Depositary shall distribute any net proceeds of a sale made under this Section that are not used to pay taxes or governmental charges to the Owners entitled to them in accordance with Section 4.1. If the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share decreases as a result of a sale of Deposited Securities under this Section, the Depositary may call for surrender of the American Depositary Shares to be exchanged on a mandatory basis for a lesser number of American Depositary Shares and may sell American Depositary Shares to the extent necessary to avoid distributing fractions of American Depositary Shares in that exchange and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to the Owners entitled to them.

 

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SECTION 3.3.     Warranties on Deposit of Shares.

Every person depositing Shares under this Deposit Agreement shall be deemed thereby to represent and warrant that those Shares and each certificate therefor, if applicable, are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and were not issued in violation of any preemptive or similar rights of the holders of outstanding securities of the Company and that the person making that deposit is duly authorized so to do. Every depositing person shall also be deemed to represent that the Shares, at the time of deposit, are not Restricted Securities. All representations and warranties deemed made under this Section shall survive the deposit of Shares and delivery of American Depositary Shares.

SECTION 3.4.     Disclosure of Interests.

When required in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or the articles of association or similar document of the Company, the Company may from time to time request each Owner and Holder to provide to the Depositary information relating to: (a) the capacity in which it holds American Depositary Shares, (b) the identity of any Holders or other persons or entities then or previously interested in those American Depositary Shares and the nature of those interests and (c) any other matter where disclosure of such matter is required for that compliance. Each Owner and Holder agrees to provide all information known to it in response to a request made pursuant to this Section. Each Holder consents to the disclosure by the Depositary and the Owner or any other Holder through which it holds American Depositary Shares, directly or indirectly, of all information responsive to a request made pursuant to this Section relating to that Holder that is known to that Owner or other Holder. The Depositary agrees to use reasonable efforts to comply with written instructions requesting that the Depositary forward any request authorized under this Section to the Owners and to forward to the Company any responses it receives in response to that request. The Depositary may charge the Company a fee and its expenses for complying with requests under this Section 3.4.

 

ARTICLE 4.

THE DEPOSITED SECURITIES

SECTION 4.1.     Cash Distributions.

Whenever the Depositary receives any cash dividend or other cash distribution on Deposited Securities, the Depositary shall, subject to the provisions of Section 4.5, convert that dividend or other distribution into Dollars and distribute the amount thus received (net of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9) to the Owners entitled thereto, in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares representing those Deposited Securities held by them respectively; provided , however , that if the Custodian or the Depositary shall be required to withhold and does withhold from that cash dividend or other cash distribution an amount on account of taxes or other governmental charges, the amount distributed to the Owners of the American Depositary Shares representing those Deposited Securities shall be reduced accordingly. However , the Depositary will not pay any Owner a fraction of one cent, but will round each Owner’s entitlement to the nearest whole cent.

The Company or its agent will remit to the appropriate governmental agency in each applicable jurisdiction all amounts withheld and owing to such agency.

If a cash distribution would represent a return of all or substantially all the value of the Deposited Securities underlying American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may require surrender of those American Depositary Shares and may require payment of or deduct the fee for surrender of American Depositary Shares (whether or not it is also requiring surrender of American Depositary Shares) as a condition of making that cash distribution. A distribution of that kind shall be a Termination Option Event .

SECTION 4.2.     Distributions Other Than Cash, Shares or Rights.

Subject to the provisions of Sections 4.11 and 5.9, whenever the Depositary receives any distribution other than a distribution described in Section 4.1, 4.3 or 4.4 on Deposited Securities (but not in exchange for or in

 

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conversion or in lieu of Deposited Securities), the Depositary shall cause the securities or property received by it to be distributed to the Owners entitled thereto, after deduction or upon payment of any fees and expenses of the Depositary and any taxes or other governmental charges, in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares representing such Deposited Securities held by them respectively, in any manner that the Depositary deems equitable and practicable for accomplishing that distribution (which may be a distribution of depositary shares representing the securities received); provided , however , that if in the opinion of the Depositary such distribution cannot be made proportionately among the Owners entitled thereto, or if for any other reason (including, but not limited to, any requirement that the Company or the Depositary withhold an amount on account of taxes or other governmental charges or that securities received must be registered under the Securities Act of 1933 in order to be distributed to Owners or Holders) the Depositary deems such distribution not to be lawful and feasible, the Depositary may adopt such other method as it may deem equitable and practicable for the purpose of effecting such distribution, including, but not limited to, the public or private sale of the securities or property thus received, or any part thereof, and distribution of the net proceeds of any such sale (net of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9) to the Owners entitled thereto, all in the manner and subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.1. The Depositary may withhold any distribution of securities under this Section 4.2 if it has not received reasonably satisfactory assurances from the Company that the distribution does not require registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, an amount of securities or other property it would otherwise distribute under this Section 4.2 that is sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in respect of that distribution.

If a distribution under this Section 4.2 would represent a return of all or substantially all the value of the Deposited Securities underlying American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may require surrender of those American Depositary Shares and may require payment of or deduct the fee for surrender of American Depositary Shares (whether or not it is also requiring surrender of American Depositary Shares) as a condition of making that distribution. A distribution of that kind shall be a Termination Option Event .

SECTION 4.3.     Distributions in Shares.

Whenever the Depositary receives any distribution on Deposited Securities consisting of a dividend in, or free distribution of, Shares, the Depositary may, and shall if the Company shall so request in writing, deliver to the Owners entitled thereto, in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares representing those Deposited Securities held by them respectively, an aggregate number of American Depositary Shares representing the amount of Shares received as that dividend or free distribution, subject to the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement with respect to the deposit of Shares and issuance of American Depositary Shares, including the withholding of any tax or other governmental charge as provided in Section 4.11 and the payment of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9 (and the Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, an amount of the Shares received (or American Depositary Shares representing those Shares) sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in respect of that distribution). In lieu of delivering fractional American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may sell the amount of Shares represented by the aggregate of those fractions (or American Depositary Shares representing those Shares) and distribute the net proceeds, all in the manner and subject to the conditions described in Section 4.1. If and to the extent that additional American Depositary Shares are not delivered and Shares or American Depositary Shares are not sold, each American Depositary Share shall thenceforth also represent the additional Shares distributed on the Deposited Securities represented thereby.

If the Company declares a distribution in which holders of Deposited Securities have a right to elect whether to receive cash, Shares or other securities or a combination of those things, or a right to elect to have a distribution sold on their behalf, the Depositary may, after consultation with the Company, make that right of election available for exercise by Owners in any manner the Depositary considers to be lawful and practical. As a condition of making a distribution election right available to Owners, the Depositary may require reasonably satisfactory assurances from the Company that doing so does not require registration of any securities under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

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SECTION 4.4.     Rights.

(a) If rights are granted to the Depositary in respect of deposited Shares to purchase additional Shares or other securities, the Company and the Depositary shall endeavor to consult as to the actions, if any, the Depositary should take in connection with that grant of rights. The Depositary may, to the extent deemed by it to be lawful and practical (i) if requested in writing by the Company, grant to all or certain Owners rights to instruct the Depositary to purchase the securities to which the rights relate and deliver those securities or American Depositary Shares representing those securities to Owners, (ii) if requested in writing by the Company, deliver the rights to or to the order of certain Owners, or (iii) sell the rights to the extent practicable and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to Owners entitled to those proceeds. To the extent rights are not exercised, delivered or disposed of under (i), (ii) or (iii) above, the Depositary shall permit the rights to lapse unexercised.

(b) If the Depositary will act under (a)(i) above, the Company and the Depositary will enter into a separate agreement setting forth the conditions and procedures applicable to the particular offering. Upon instruction from an applicable Owner in the form the Depositary specified and upon payment by that Owner to the Depositary of an amount equal to the purchase price of the securities to be received upon the exercise of the rights, the Depositary shall, on behalf of that Owner, exercise the rights and purchase the securities. The purchased securities shall be delivered to, or as instructed by, the Depositary. The Depositary shall (i) deposit the purchased Shares under this Deposit Agreement and deliver American Depositary Shares representing those Shares to that Owner or (ii) deliver or cause the purchased Shares or other securities to be delivered to or to the order of that Owner. The Depositary will not act under (a)(i) above unless the offer and sale of the securities to which the rights relate are registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Depositary has received an opinion of United States counsel that is reasonably satisfactory to it to the effect that those securities may be sold and delivered to the applicable Owners without registration under the Securities Act of 1933.

(c) If the Depositary will act under (a)(ii) above, the Company and the Depositary will enter into a separate agreement setting forth the conditions and procedures applicable to the particular offering. Upon (i) the request of an applicable Owner to deliver the rights allocable to the American Depositary Shares of that Owner to an account specified by that Owner to which the rights can be delivered and (ii) receipt of such documents as the Company and the Depositary agreed to require to comply with applicable law, the Depositary will deliver those rights as requested by that Owner.

(d) If the Depositary will act under (a)(iii) above, the Depositary will use reasonable efforts to sell the rights in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by the applicable Owners and pay the net proceeds to the Owners otherwise entitled to the rights that were sold, upon an averaged or other practical basis without regard to any distinctions among such Owners because of exchange restrictions or the date of delivery of any American Depositary Shares or otherwise.

(e) Payment or deduction of the fees of the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9 and payment or deduction of the expenses of the Depositary and any applicable taxes or other governmental charges shall be conditions of any delivery of securities or payment of cash proceeds under this Section 4.4.

(f) The Depositary shall not be responsible for any failure to determine that it may be lawful or feasible to make rights available to or exercise rights on behalf of Owners in general or any Owner in particular, or to sell rights.

SECTION 4.5.     Conversion of Foreign Currency.

Whenever the Depositary or the Custodian receives foreign currency, by way of dividends or other distributions or the net proceeds from the sale of securities, property or rights, and if at the time of the receipt thereof the foreign currency so received can in the judgment of the Depositary be converted on a reasonable basis into Dollars and the resulting Dollars transferred to the United States, the Depositary shall convert or cause to be

 

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converted by sale or in any other manner that it may determine that foreign currency into Dollars, and those Dollars shall be distributed, as promptly as practicable, to the Owners entitled thereto. A cash distribution may be made upon an averaged or other practicable basis without regard to any distinctions among Owners based on exchange restrictions, the date of delivery of any American Depositary Shares or otherwise and shall be net of any expenses of conversion into Dollars incurred by the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9.

If a conversion of foreign currency or the repatriation or distribution of Dollars can be effected only with the approval or license of any government or agency thereof, the Depositary may, but will not be required to, file an application for that approval or license.

If the Depositary determines that in its judgment any foreign currency received by the Depositary or the Custodian is not convertible on a reasonable basis into Dollars transferable to the United States, or if any approval or license of any government or agency thereof that is required for such conversion is not filed or sought by the Depositary or is not obtained within a reasonable period as determined by the Depositary, the Depositary may distribute the foreign currency received by the Depositary to, or in its discretion may hold such foreign currency uninvested and without liability for interest thereon for the respective accounts of, the Owners entitled to receive the same.

If any conversion of foreign currency, in whole or in part, cannot be effected for distribution to some of the Owners entitled thereto, the Depositary may in its discretion make that conversion and distribution in Dollars to the extent practicable and permissible to the Owners entitled thereto and may distribute the balance of the foreign currency received by the Depositary to, or hold that balance uninvested and without liability for interest thereon for the account of, the Owners entitled thereto.

The Depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under this Deposit Agreement and the rate that the Depositary or its affiliate receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The Depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under this Deposit Agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to Owners, subject to the Depositary’s obligations under Section 5.3. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

SECTION 4.6.     Fixing of Record Date .

Whenever a cash dividend, cash distribution or any other distribution is made on Deposited Securities or rights to purchase Shares or other securities are issued with respect to Deposited Securities (which rights will be delivered to or exercised or sold on behalf of Owners in accordance with Section 4.4) or the Depositary receives notice that a distribution or issuance of that kind will be made, or whenever the Depositary receives notice that a meeting of holders of Shares will be held in respect of which the Company has requested the Depositary to send a notice under Section 4.7, or whenever the Depositary will assess a fee or charge against the Owners, or whenever the Depositary causes a change in the number of Shares that are represented by each American Depositary Share, or whenever the Depositary otherwise finds it necessary or convenient, the Depositary shall fix a record date, which shall be the same as, or as near as practicable to, any corresponding record date set by the Company with respect to Shares, (a) for the determination of the Owners (i) who shall be entitled to receive the benefit of that dividend or other distribution or those rights, (ii) who shall be entitled to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at that meeting, (iii) who shall be responsible for that fee or charge or (iv) for any other purpose for which the record date was set, or (b) on or after which each American Depositary Share will represent the changed number of Shares. Subject to the provisions of Sections 4.1 through 4.5 and to the other terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement, the Owners on a record date fixed by the

 

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Depositary shall be entitled to receive the amount distributable by the Depositary with respect to that dividend or other distribution or those rights or the net proceeds of sale thereof in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by them respectively, to give voting instructions or to act in respect of the other matter for which that record date was fixed, or be responsible for that fee or charge, as the case may be.

SECTION 4.7.     Voting of Deposited Shares.

(a) Upon receipt of notice of any meeting of holders of Shares at which holders of Shares will be entitled to vote, if requested in writing by the Company, the Depositary shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, Disseminate to the Owners a notice, the form of which shall be in the sole discretion of the Depositary, that shall contain (i) the information contained in the notice of meeting received by the Depositary, (ii) a statement that the Owners as of the close of business on a specified record date will be entitled, subject to any applicable provision of German law and of the articles of association or similar documents of the Company, to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of Shares represented by their respective American Depositary Shares, (iii) a statement as to the manner in which those instructions may be given, including an express indication that instructions may be deemed given in accordance with the last sentence of paragraph (b) below, if no instruction is received, to the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company and (iv) the last date on which the Depositary will accept instructions (the “ Instruction Cutoff Date ”).

(b) Upon the written request of an Owner of American Depositary Shares, as of the date of the request or, if a record date was specified by the Depositary, as of that record date, received on or before any Instruction Cutoff Date established by the Depositary, the Depositary may, and if the Depositary sent a notice under the preceding paragraph shall, endeavor, in so far as practicable, to vote or cause to be voted the amount of deposited Shares represented by those American Depositary Shares in accordance with the instructions set forth in that request. The Depositary shall not vote or attempt to exercise the right to vote that attaches to the deposited Shares other than in accordance with instructions given by Owners and received by the Depositary or as provided in the following sentence. If

(i) the Company instructed the Depositary to Disseminate a notice under paragraph (a) above and complied with paragraph (d) below,

(ii) no instructions are received by the Depositary from an Owner with respect to a matter and an amount of American Depositary Shares of that Owner on or before the Instruction Cutoff Date and

(iii) the Depositary has received from the Company, by the business day following the Instruction Cutoff Date, a written confirmation that, as of the Instruction Cutoff Date, (x) the Company wishes a proxy to be given under this sentence, (y) the Company reasonably does not know of any substantial opposition to the matter and (z) the matter is not materially adverse to the interests of shareholders,

then, the Depositary shall deem that Owner to have instructed the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company with respect to that matter and the amount of deposited Shares represented by that amount of American Depositary Shares and the Depositary shall give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company to vote that amount of deposited Shares as to that matter.

(c) There can be no assurance that Owners generally or any Owner in particular will receive the notice described in paragraph (a) above in time to enable Owners to give instructions to the Depositary prior to the Instruction Cutoff Date.

(d) In order to give Owners a reasonable opportunity to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to Shares, if the Company will request the Depositary to Disseminate a notice under paragraph (a) above, the Company shall give the Depositary notice of the meeting, details concerning the matters to be voted upon and copies of materials to be made available to holders of Shares in connection with the meeting not less than 40 days prior to the meeting date.

 

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SECTION 4.8.     Tender and Exchange Offers; Redemption, Replacement or Cancellation of Deposited Securities.

(a) The Depositary shall not tender any Deposited Securities in response to any voluntary cash tender offer, exchange offer or similar offer made to holders of Deposited Securities (a “ Voluntary Offer ”), except when instructed in writing to do so by an Owner surrendering American Depositary Shares and subject to any conditions or procedures the Depositary may require.

(b) If the Depositary receives a written notice that Deposited Securities have been redeemed for cash or otherwise purchased for cash in a transaction that is mandatory and binding on the Depositary as a holder of those Deposited Securities (a “ Redemption ”), the Depositary, at the expense of the Company, shall (i) if required, surrender Deposited Securities that have been redeemed to the issuer of those securities or its agent on the redemption date, (ii) Disseminate a notice to Owners (A) notifying them of that Redemption, (B) calling for surrender of a corresponding number of American Depositary Shares and (C) notifying them that the called American Depositary Shares have been converted into a right only to receive the money received by the Depositary upon that Redemption and those net proceeds shall be the Deposited Securities to which Owners of those converted American Depositary Shares shall be entitled upon surrenders of those American Depositary Shares in accordance with Section 2.5 or 6.2 and (iii) distribute the money received upon that Redemption to the Owners entitled to it upon surrender by them of called American Depositary Shares in accordance with Section 2.5 (and, for the avoidance of doubt, Owners shall not be entitled to receive that money under Section 4.1). If the Redemption affects less than all the Deposited Securities, the Depositary shall call for surrender a corresponding portion of the outstanding American Depositary Shares and only those American Depositary Shares will automatically be converted into a right to receive the net proceeds of the Redemption. The Depositary shall allocate the American Depositary Shares converted under the preceding sentence among the Owners pro-rata to their respective holdings of American Depositary Shares immediately prior to the Redemption, except that the allocations may be adjusted so that no fraction of a converted American Depositary Share is allocated to any Owner. A Redemption of all or substantially all of the Deposited Securities shall be a Termination Option Event .

(c) If the Depositary is notified of or there occurs any change in nominal value or any subdivision, combination or any other reclassification of the Deposited Securities or any recapitalization, reorganization, sale of assets substantially as an entirety, merger or consolidation affecting the issuer of the Deposited Securities or to which it is a party that is mandatory and binding on the Depositary as a holder of Deposited Securities and, as a result, securities or other property have been or will be delivered in exchange, conversion, replacement or in lieu of, Deposited Securities (a “ Replacement ”), the Depositary shall, if required, surrender the old Deposited Securities affected by that Replacement of Shares and hold, as new Deposited Securities under this Deposit Agreement, the new securities or other property delivered to it in that Replacement. However , the Depositary may elect to sell those new Deposited Securities if in the opinion of the Depositary it is not lawful or not practical for it to hold those new Deposited Securities under this Deposit Agreement because those new Deposited Securities may not be distributed to Owners without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 or for any other reason, at public or private sale, at such places and on such terms as it deems proper and proceed as if those new Deposited Securities had been Redeemed under paragraph (b) above. A Replacement shall be a Termination Option Event .

(d) In the case of a Replacement where the new Deposited Securities will continue to be held under this Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may call for the surrender of outstanding Receipts to be exchanged for new Receipts specifically describing the new Deposited Securities and the number of those new Deposited Securities represented by each American Depositary Share. If the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share decreases as a result of a Replacement, the Depositary may call for surrender of the American Depositary Shares to be exchanged on a mandatory basis for a lesser number of American Depositary Shares and may sell American Depositary Shares to the extent necessary to avoid distributing fractions of American Depositary Shares in that exchange and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to the Owners entitled to them.

 

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(e) If there are no Deposited Securities with respect to American Depositary Shares, including if the Deposited Securities are cancelled, or the Deposited Securities with respect to American Depositary Shares have become apparently worthless, the Depositary may call for surrender of those American Depositary Shares or may cancel those American Depositary Shares, upon notice to Owners, and that condition shall be a Termination Option Event .

SECTION 4.9.     Reports.

The Depositary shall make available for inspection by Owners at its Office any reports and communications, including any proxy solicitation material, received from the Company which are both (a) received by the Depositary as the holder of the Deposited Securities and (b) made generally available to the holders of those Deposited Securities by the Company. The Company shall furnish reports and communications, including any proxy soliciting material to which this Section applies, to the Depositary in English, to the extent those materials are required to be translated into English pursuant to any regulations of the Commission.

SECTION 4.10.     Lists of Owners.

As promptly as practicable upon written request by the Company, the Depositary shall, at the expense of the Company, furnish to it a list, as of a recent date, of the names, addresses and American Depositary Share holdings of all Owners.

SECTION 4.11.     Withholding.

If the Depositary determines that any distribution received or to be made by the Depositary (including Shares and rights to subscribe therefor) is subject to any tax or other governmental charge that the Depositary is obligated to withhold, the Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, all or a portion of the distributed property (including Shares and rights to subscribe therefor) in the amounts and manner the Depositary deems necessary and practicable to pay those taxes or charges, and the Depositary shall distribute the net proceeds of that sale, after deduction of those taxes or charges, to the Owners entitled thereto in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by them respectively.

Services for Owners and Holders that may permit them to obtain reduced rates of tax withholding at source or reclaim excess tax withheld, and the fees and costs associated with using services of that kind, are not provided under, and are outside the scope of, this Deposit Agreement.

Each Owner and Holder agrees to indemnify the Company, the Depositary, the Custodian and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates for, and hold each of them harmless against, any claim by any governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced withholding at source or other tax benefit received by it.

 

ARTICLE 5.

THE DEPOSITARY, THE CUSTODIANS AND THE COMPANY

SECTION 5.1.     Maintenance of Office and Transfer Books by the Depositary.

Until termination of this Deposit Agreement in accordance with its terms, the Depositary shall maintain facilities for the execution and delivery, registration, registration of transfers and surrender of American Depositary Shares in accordance with the provisions of this Deposit Agreement.

The Depositary shall keep books for the registration of American Depositary Shares, which shall be open for inspection by the Owners and the Company at the Depositary’s Office during regular business hours, provided that such inspection is not for the purpose of communicating with Owners in the interest of a business or object other than the business of the Company or a matter related to this Deposit Agreement or the American Depositary Shares.

 

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The Depositary may close the transfer books, at any time or from time to time, when deemed expedient by it in connection with the performance of its duties under this Deposit Agreement.

If any American Depositary Shares are listed on one or more stock exchanges, the Depositary shall act as Registrar or appoint a Registrar or one or more co-registrars for registry of those American Depositary Shares in accordance with any requirements of that exchange or those exchanges.

SECTION 5.2.     Prevention or Delay of Performance by the Company or the Depositary.

Neither the Depositary nor the Company nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates shall incur any liability to any Owner or Holder:

(i) if by reason of (A) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or other act of the government of the United States or the Federal Republic of Germany, any State of the United States or any other state or jurisdiction, or of any governmental or regulatory authority or stock exchange; (B) (in the case of the Depositary only) any provision, present or future, of the articles of association or similar document of the Company, or any provision of any securities issued or distributed by the Company, or any offering or distribution thereof; or (C) any event or circumstance, whether natural or caused by a person or persons, that is beyond the ability of the Depositary or the Company, as the case may be, to prevent or counteract by reasonable care or effort (including, but not limited to, earthquakes, floods, severe storms, fires, explosions, war, terrorism, civil unrest, labor disputes or criminal acts; interruptions or malfunctions of utility services, Internet or other communications lines or systems; unauthorized access to or attacks on computer systems or websites; or other failures or malfunctions of computer hardware or software or other systems or equipment), the Depositary or the Company is, directly or indirectly, prevented from, forbidden to or delayed in, or could be subject to any civil or criminal penalty on account of doing or performing and therefore does not do or perform, any act or thing that, by the terms of this Deposit Agreement or the Deposited Securities, it is provided shall be done or performed;

(ii) for any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided for in this Deposit Agreement (including any determination by the Depositary to take, or not take, any action that this Deposit Agreement provides the Depositary may take);

(iii) for the inability of any Owner or Holder to benefit from any distribution, offering, right or other benefit that is made available to holders of Deposited Securities but is not, under the terms of this Deposit Agreement, made available to Owners or Holders; or

(iv) for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of this Deposit Agreement.

Where, by the terms of a distribution to which Section 4.1, 4.2 or 4.3 applies, or an offering to which Section 4.4 applies, or for any other reason, that distribution or offering may not be made available to Owners, and the Depositary may not dispose of that distribution or offering on behalf of Owners and make the net proceeds available to Owners, then the Depositary shall not make that distribution or offering available to Owners, and shall allow any rights, if applicable, to lapse.

SECTION 5.3.     Obligations of the Depositary and the Company.

Neither the Company nor any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates assumes any obligation nor shall any of them be subject to any liability under this Deposit Agreement to any Owner or Holder, except that the Company agrees to perform its obligations specifically set forth in this Deposit Agreement without negligence or bad faith.

Neither the Depositary nor any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates assumes any obligation nor shall any of them be subject to any liability under this Deposit Agreement to any Owner or Holder

 

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(including, without limitation, liability with respect to the validity or worth of the Deposited Securities), except that the Depositary agrees to perform its obligations specifically set forth in this Deposit Agreement without negligence or bad faith, and the Depositary shall not be a fiduciary or have any fiduciary duty to Owners or Holders.

Neither the Depositary nor the Company nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates shall be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any Deposited Securities or in respect of the American Depositary Shares on behalf of any Owner or Holder or any other person.

Each of the Depositary and the Company and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates may rely, and shall be protected in relying upon, any written notice, request, direction or other document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

Neither the Depositary nor the Company nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates shall be liable for any action or non-action by it in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting Shares for deposit, any Owner or any other person believed by it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information.

The Depositary shall not be liable for any acts or omissions made by a successor depositary whether in connection with a previous act or omission of the Depositary or in connection with any matter arising wholly after the removal or resignation of the Depositary, provided that in connection with the issue out of which such potential liability arises the Depositary performed its obligations without negligence or bad faith while it acted as Depositary.

The Depositary shall not be liable for the acts or omissions of any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system in connection with or arising out of book-entry settlement of American Depositary Shares or Deposited Securities or otherwise.

In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Depositary shall not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote any of the Deposited Securities, or for the manner in which any such vote is cast or the effect of any such vote.

The Depositary shall have no duty to make any determination or provide any information as to the tax status of the Company or any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by Owners or Holders as a result of owning or holding American Depositary Shares. The Depositary shall not be liable for the inability or failure of an Owner or Holder to obtain the benefit of a foreign tax credit, reduced rate of withholding or refund of amounts withheld in respect of tax or any other tax benefit.

No disclaimer of liability under the United States federal securities laws is intended by any provision of this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 5.4.     Resignation and Removal of the Depositary.

The Depositary may at any time resign as Depositary hereunder by written notice of its election so to do delivered to the Company, to become effective upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of that appointment as provided in this Section. The effect of resignation if a successor depositary is not appointed is provided for in Section 6.2.

The Depositary may at any time be removed by the Company by 90 days’ prior written notice of that removal, to become effective upon the later of (i) the 90th day after delivery of the notice to the Depositary and (ii) the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of its appointment as provided in this Section.

 

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If the Depositary resigns or is removed, the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to appoint a successor depositary, which shall be a bank or trust company having an office in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York. Every successor depositary shall execute and deliver to the Company an instrument in writing accepting its appointment under this Deposit Agreement. If the Depositary receives notice from the Company that a successor depositary has been appointed following its resignation or removal, the Depositary, upon payment of all sums due it from the Company, shall deliver to its successor a register listing all the Owners and their respective holdings of outstanding American Depositary Shares and shall deliver the Deposited Securities to or to the order of its successor. When the Depositary has taken the actions specified in the preceding sentence (i) the successor shall become the Depositary and shall have all the rights and shall assume all the duties of the Depositary under this Deposit Agreement and (ii) the predecessor depositary shall cease to be the Depositary and shall be discharged and released from all obligations under this Deposit Agreement, except for its duties under Section 5.8 with respect to the time before that discharge. A successor depositary shall notify the Owners of its appointment as soon as practical after assuming the duties of Depositary.

Any corporation or other entity into or with which the Depositary may be merged or consolidated shall be the successor of the Depositary without the execution or filing of any document or any further act.

SECTION 5.5.     The Custodians.

The Custodian shall be subject at all times and in all respects to the directions of the Depositary and shall be responsible solely to it. The Depositary in its discretion may at any time appoint a substitute or additional custodian or custodians, each of which shall thereafter be one of the Custodians under this Deposit Agreement. If the Depositary receives notice that a Custodian is resigning and, upon the effectiveness of that resignation there would be no Custodian acting under this Deposit Agreement, the Depositary shall, as promptly as practicable after receiving that notice, appoint a substitute custodian or custodians, each of which shall thereafter be a Custodian under this Deposit Agreement. The Depositary shall require any Custodian that resigns or is removed to deliver all Deposited Securities held by it to another Custodian.

SECTION 5.6.     Notices and Reports.

If the Company takes or decides to take any corporate action of a kind that is addressed in Sections 4.1 to 4.4, or 4.6 to 4.8, or that effects or will effect a change of the name or legal structure of the Company, or that effects or will effect a change to the Shares, the Company shall notify the Depositary and the Custodian of that action or decision as soon as it is lawful and practical to give that notice. The notice shall be in English but otherwise in the form given or to be given to holders of Shares.

The Company will arrange for the translation into English, if not already in English, to the extent required pursuant to any regulations of the Commission, and the prompt transmittal by the Company to the Depositary and the Custodian of all notices and any other reports and communications which are made generally available by the Company to holders of its Shares. If requested in writing by the Company, the Depositary will Disseminate, at the Company’s expense, those notices, reports and communications to all Owners or otherwise make them available to Owners in a manner that the Company specifies as substantially equivalent to the manner in which those communications are made available to holders of Shares and compliant with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the American Depositary Shares are listed. The Company will timely provide the Depositary with the quantity of such notices, reports, and communications, as requested by the Depositary from time to time, in order for the Depositary to effect that Dissemination.

The Company represents that as of the date of this Deposit Agreement, the statements in Article 11 of the Receipt with respect to the Company’s obligation to file periodic reports under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are true and correct. The Company agrees to promptly notify the Depositary upon becoming aware of any change in the truth of any of those statements.

 

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SECTION 5.7.     Distribution of Additional Shares, Rights, etc.

If the Company or any affiliate of the Company determines to make any issuance or distribution of (1) additional Shares, (2) rights to subscribe for Shares, (3) securities convertible into Shares, or (4) rights to subscribe for such securities (each a “ Distribution ”), the Company shall notify the Depositary in writing in English as promptly as practicable and in any event before the Distribution starts and, if requested in writing by the Depositary, the Company shall promptly furnish to the Depositary either (i) evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Depositary that the Distribution is registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or (ii) a written opinion from U.S. counsel for the Company that is reasonably satisfactory to the Depositary, stating that the Distribution does not require, or, if made in the United States, would not require, registration under the Securities Act of 1933.

The Company agrees with the Depositary that neither the Company nor any company controlled by, controlling or under common control with the Company will at any time deposit any Shares that, at the time of deposit, are Restricted Securities.

SECTION 5.8.     Indemnification.

The Company agrees to indemnify the Depositary, its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates and each Custodian against, and hold each of them harmless from, any liability or expense (including, but not limited to any fees and expenses incurred in seeking, enforcing or collecting such indemnity and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) that may arise out of or in connection with (a) any registration with the Commission of American Depositary Shares or Deposited Securities or the offer or sale thereof or (b) acts performed or omitted, pursuant to the provisions of or in connection with this Deposit Agreement and the American Depositary Shares, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, (i) by either the Depositary or a Custodian or their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates, except for any liability or expense arising out of the negligence or bad faith of either of them, or (ii) by the Company or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates.

The Depositary agrees to indemnify the Company, its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates and hold each of them harmless from any liability or expense (including, but not limited to any fees and expenses incurred in seeking, enforcing or collecting such indemnity and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) that may arise out of acts performed or omitted by the Depositary or any Custodian or their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates due to their negligence or bad faith.

SECTION 5.9.     Charges of Depositary.

The following charges shall be incurred by any party depositing or withdrawing Shares or by any party surrendering American Depositary Shares or to whom American Depositary Shares are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by the Company or an exchange of stock regarding the American Depositary Shares or Deposited Securities or a delivery of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 4.3), or by Owners, as applicable: (1) taxes and other governmental charges, (2) such registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of transfers of Shares generally on the Share register of the Company or Foreign Registrar and applicable to transfers of Shares to or from the name of the Depositary or its nominee or the Custodian or its nominee on the making of deposits or withdrawals hereunder, (3) such cable (including SWIFT) and facsimile transmission fees and expenses as are expressly provided in this Deposit Agreement, (4) such expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency pursuant to Section 4.5, (5) a fee of $5.00 or less per 100 American Depositary Shares (or portion thereof) for the delivery of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 2.3, 4.3 or 4.4 and the surrender of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 2.5 or 6.2, (6) a fee of $.05 or less per American Depositary Share (or portion thereof) for any cash distribution made pursuant to this Deposit Agreement, including, but not limited to Sections 4.1 through 4.4 and Section 4.8, (7) a fee for the distribution of securities pursuant to Section 4.2 or of rights pursuant to Section 4.4 (where the Depositary will not exercise or sell those

 

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rights on behalf of Owners), such fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of American Depositary Shares referred to above which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities under this Deposit Agreement (for purposes of this item 7 treating all such securities as if they were Shares) but which securities are instead distributed by the Depositary to Owners, (8) in addition to any fee charged under item 6 above, a fee of $.05 or less per American Depositary Share (or portion thereof) per annum for depositary services, which will be payable as provided in item 9 below, and (9) any other charges payable by the Depositary or the Custodian, any of the Depositary’s or Custodian’s agents or the agents of the Depositary’s or Custodian’s agents, in connection with the servicing of Shares or other Deposited Securities (which charges shall be assessed against Owners as of the date or dates set by the Depositary in accordance with Section 4.6 and shall be payable at the sole discretion of the Depositary by billing those Owners for those charges or by deducting those charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions).

The Depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable, or by selling a portion of any securities to be distributed, to Owners that are obligated to pay those fees.

In performing its duties under this Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency dealers or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the Depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

The Depositary may own and deal in any class of securities of the Company and its affiliates and in American Depositary Shares.

SECTION 5.10.     Retention of Depositary Documents.

The Depositary is authorized to destroy those documents, records, bills and other data compiled during the term of this Deposit Agreement at the times permitted by the laws or regulations governing the Depositary.

SECTION 5.11.     Exclusivity.

Without prejudice to the Company’s rights under Section 5.4, the Company agrees not to appoint any other depositary for issuance of depositary shares, depositary receipts or any similar securities or instruments so long as The Bank of New York Mellon is acting as Depositary under this Deposit Agreement.

SECTION 5.12.     Information for Regulatory Compliance.

Each of the Company and the Depositary shall provide to the other, as promptly as practicable, information from its records or otherwise available to it that is reasonably requested by the other to permit the other to comply with applicable law or requirements of governmental or regulatory authorities.

 

ARTICLE 6.

AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

SECTION 6.1.     Amendment.

The form of the Receipts and any provisions of this Deposit Agreement may at any time and from time to time be amended by agreement between the Company and the Depositary without the consent of Owners or Holders in any respect that they may deem necessary or desirable. Any amendment that would impose or increase any fees or charges (other than taxes and other governmental charges, registration fees, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or that would otherwise prejudice any substantial existing right of Owners, shall, however, not become effective as to outstanding American Depositary Shares until the expiration of 30 days after notice of that amendment has been Disseminated to the Owners of outstanding American Depositary Shares. Every Owner and Holder, at the time any amendment so becomes effective, shall be deemed, by continuing to hold American Depositary Shares or any interest therein, to consent

 

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and agree to that amendment and to be bound by this Deposit Agreement as amended thereby. Upon the effectiveness of an amendment to the form of Receipt, including a change in the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share, the Depositary may call for surrender of Receipts to be replaced with new Receipts in the amended form or call for surrender of American Depositary Shares to effect that change of ratio. In no event shall any amendment impair the right of the Owner to surrender American Depositary Shares and receive delivery of the Deposited Securities represented thereby, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law.

SECTION 6.2.     Termination.

(a) The Company may initiate termination of this Deposit Agreement by notice to the Depositary. The Depositary may initiate termination of this Deposit Agreement if (i) at any time 60 days shall have expired after the Depositary delivered to the Company a written resignation notice and a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment as provided in Section 5.4, (ii) an Insolvency Event or Delisting Event occurs with respect to the Company or (iii) a Termination Option Event has occurred or will occur. If termination of this Deposit Agreement is initiated, the Depositary shall Disseminate a notice of termination to the Owners of all American Depositary Shares then outstanding setting a date for termination (the “ Termination Date ”), which shall be at least 90 days after the date of that notice, and this Deposit Agreement shall terminate on that Termination Date.

(b) After the Termination Date, the Company shall be discharged from all obligations under this Deposit Agreement except for its obligations to the Depositary under Sections 5.8 and 5.9.

(c) At any time after the Termination Date, the Depositary may sell the Deposited Securities then held under this Deposit Agreement and may thereafter hold uninvested the net proceeds of any such sale, together with any other cash then held by it hereunder, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the Owners of American Depositary Shares that remain outstanding, and those Owners will be general creditors of the Depositary with respect to those net proceeds and that other cash. After making that sale, the Depositary shall be discharged from all obligations under this Deposit Agreement, except (i) to account for the net proceeds and other cash (after deducting, in each case, the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares, any expenses for the account of the Owner of such American Depositary Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement and any applicable taxes or governmental charges) and (ii) for its obligations under Section 5.8 and (iii) to act as provided in paragraph (d) below.

(d) After the Termination Date, the Depositary shall continue to receive dividends and other distributions pertaining to Deposited Securities (that have not been sold), may sell rights and other property as provided in this Deposit Agreement and shall deliver Deposited Securities (or sale proceeds) upon surrender of American Depositary Shares (after payment or upon deduction, in each case, of the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares, any expenses for the account of the Owner of those American Depositary Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement and any applicable taxes or governmental charges). After the Termination Date, the Depositary shall not accept deposits of Shares or deliver American Depositary Shares. After the Termination Date, (i) the Depositary may refuse to accept surrenders of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal of Deposited Securities (that have not been sold) or reverse previously accepted surrenders of that kind that have not settled if in its judgment the requested withdrawal would interfere with its efforts to sell the Deposited Securities, (ii) the Depositary will not be required to deliver cash proceeds of the sale of Deposited Securities until all Deposited Securities have been sold and (iii) the Depositary may discontinue the registration of transfers of American Depositary Shares and suspend the distribution of dividends and other distributions on Deposited Securities to the Owners and need not give any further notices or perform any further acts under this Deposit Agreement except as provided in this Section.

 

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ARTICLE 7.

MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 7.1.     Counterparts; Signatures.

This Deposit Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of those counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument. Copies of this Deposit Agreement shall be filed with the Depositary and the Custodians and shall be open to inspection by any Owner or Holder during regular business hours.

Any manual signature on this Deposit Agreement that is faxed, scanned or photocopied, and any electronic signature valid under the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. § 7001, et. seq ., shall for all purposes have the same validity, legal effect and admissibility in evidence as an original manual signature, and the parties hereby waive any objection to the contrary.

SECTION 7.2.     No Third-Party Beneficiaries.

This Deposit Agreement is for the exclusive benefit of the Company, the Depositary, the Owners and the Holders and their respective successors and shall not be deemed to give any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim whatsoever to any other person.

SECTION 7.3.     Severability.

In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Deposit Agreement or in a Receipt should be or become invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained in this Deposit Agreement or that Receipt shall in no way be affected, prejudiced or disturbed thereby.

SECTION 7.4.     Owners and Holders as Parties; Binding Effect.

The Owners and Holders from time to time shall be parties to this Deposit Agreement and shall be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Deposit Agreement and of the Receipts by acceptance of American Depositary Shares or any interest therein.

SECTION 7.5.     Notices.

Any and all notices to be given to the Company shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if personally delivered or sent by domestic first class or international air mail or air courier or sent by facsimile transmission or email attaching a pdf or similar bit-mapped image of a signed writing, provided that receipt of the facsimile transmission or email has been confirmed by the recipient, addressed to Jumia Technologies AG, Charlottenstraße 4, Berlin 10969, Germany, Attention: Jens Winhold, or any other place to which the Company may have transferred its principal office with notice to the Depositary.

Any and all notices to be given to the Depositary shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if in English and personally delivered or sent by first class domestic or international air mail or air courier or sent by facsimile transmission or email attaching a pdf or similar bit-mapped image of a signed writing, addressed to The Bank of New York Mellon, 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, Attention: Depositary Receipt Administration, or any other place to which the Depositary may have transferred its Office with notice to the Company.

Delivery of a notice to the Company or Depositary by mail or air courier shall be deemed effected when deposited, postage prepaid, in a post-office letter box or received by an air courier service. Delivery of a notice to the Company or Depositary sent by facsimile transmission or email shall be deemed effected when the recipient acknowledges receipt of that notice.

A notice to be given to an Owner shall be deemed to have been duly given when Disseminated to that Owner. Dissemination in paper form will be effective when personally delivered or sent by first class domestic or

 

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international air mail or air courier, addressed to that Owner at the address of that Owner as it appears on the transfer books for American Depositary Shares of the Depositary, or, if that Owner has filed with the Depositary a written request that notices intended for that Owner be mailed to some other address, at the address designated in that request. Dissemination in electronic form will be effective when sent in the manner consented to by the Owner to the electronic address most recently provided by the Owner for that purpose.

SECTION 7.6.     Appointment of Agent for Service of Process; Submission to Jurisdiction; Jury Trial Waiver.

The Company hereby (i) designates and appoints the person named in Exhibit A to this Deposit Agreement, located in the State of New York, as the Company’s authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Shares or Deposited Securities, the American Depositary Shares, the Receipts or this Deposit Agreement (a “Proceeding”), (ii) consents and submits to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court in the State of New York in which any Proceeding may be instituted and (iii) agrees that service of process upon said authorized agent shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any Proceeding. The Company agrees to deliver to the Depositary, upon the execution and delivery of this Deposit Agreement, a written acceptance by the agent named in Exhibit A to this Deposit Agreement of its appointment as process agent. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue that designation and appointment in full force and effect, or to appoint and maintain the appointment of another process agent located in the United States as required above, and to deliver to the Depositary a written acceptance by that agent of that appointment, for so long as any American Depositary Shares or Receipts remain outstanding or this Deposit Agreement remains in force. In the event the Company fails to maintain the designation and appointment of a process agent in the United States in full force and effect, the Company hereby waives personal service of process upon it and consents that a service of process in connection with a Proceeding may be made by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, directed to the Company at its address last specified for notices under this Deposit Agreement, and service so made shall be deemed completed five (5) days after the same shall have been so mailed.

EACH PARTY TO THIS DEPOSIT AGREEMENT (INCLUDING, FOR AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, EACH OWNER AND HOLDER) HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING AGAINST THE COMPANY AND/OR THE DEPOSITARY DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE SHARES OR OTHER DEPOSITED SECURITIES, THE AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES OR THE RECEIPTS, THIS DEPOSIT AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREIN OR THEREIN, OR THE BREACH HEREOF OR THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY QUESTION REGARDING EXISTENCE, VALIDITY OR TERMINATION (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).

SECTION 7.7.     Waiver of Immunities.

To the extent that the Company or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to, or have attributed to it, any right of immunity, on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any respect thereof, from setoff or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any court, from service of process, from attachment upon or prior to judgment, from attachment in aid of execution or judgment, or from execution of judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of any judgment, in any jurisdiction in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with the Shares or Deposited Securities, the American Depositary Shares, the Receipts or this Deposit Agreement, the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by law, hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, and agrees not to plead or claim, any immunity of that kind and consents to relief and enforcement as provided above.

 

-24-


SECTION 7.8.     Governing Law.

This Deposit Agreement and the Receipts shall be interpreted in accordance with and all rights hereunder and thereunder and provisions hereof and thereof shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

 

-25-


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG and THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON have duly executed this Deposit Agreement as of the day and year first set forth above and all Owners and Holders shall become parties hereto upon acceptance by them of American Depositary Shares or any interest therein.

 

JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
By:  

 

  Name:  
  Title:  

 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON,
as Depositary

By:  

 

  Name:  
  Title:  

 

-26-


EXHIBIT A

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

(Each American Depositary Share represents two deposited Shares)

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPT

FOR ORDINARY SHARES OF

JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG

(INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY)

The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary (hereinafter called the “Depositary”), hereby certifies that                                                                           , or registered assigns IS THE OWNER OF                                 

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

representing deposited ordinary shares (herein called “Shares”) of JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG, incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany (herein called the “ Company ”). At the date hereof, each American Depositary Share represents two Shares deposited or subject to deposit under the Deposit Agreement (as such term is hereinafter defined) with a custodian for the Depositary (herein called the “ Custodian ”) that, as of the date of the Deposit Agreement, was The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV as custodian for the Depositary in Germany. The Depositary’s Office and its principal executive office are located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, N.Y. 10286.

THE DEPOSITARY’S OFFICE ADDRESS IS

240 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10286

 

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1.

THE DEPOSIT AGREEMENT.

This American Depositary Receipt is one of an issue (herein called “ Receipts ”), all issued and to be issued upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Deposit Agreement dated as of                      , 2019 (herein called the “ Deposit Agreement ”) among the Company, the Depositary, and all Owners and Holders from time to time of American Depositary Shares issued thereunder, each of whom by accepting American Depositary Shares agrees to become a party thereto and become bound by all the terms and conditions thereof. The Deposit Agreement sets forth the rights of Owners and Holders and the rights and duties of the Depositary in respect of the Shares deposited thereunder and any and all other securities, property and cash from time to time received in respect of those Shares and held thereunder (those Shares, securities, property, and cash are herein called “ Deposited Securities ”). Copies of the Deposit Agreement are on file at the Depositary’s Office in New York City and at the office of the Custodian.

The statements made on the face and reverse of this Receipt are summaries of certain provisions of the Deposit Agreement and are qualified by and subject to the detailed provisions of the Deposit Agreement, to which reference is hereby made. Capitalized terms defined in the Deposit Agreement and not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Deposit Agreement.

 

2.

SURRENDER OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES AND WITHDRAWAL OF SHARES.

Upon surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal of the Deposited Securities represented thereby and payment of the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares as provided in Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement and payment of all taxes and governmental charges payable in connection with that surrender and withdrawal of the Deposited Securities, and subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement, the Owner of those American Depositary Shares shall be entitled to delivery (to the extent delivery can then be lawfully and practicably made), to or as instructed by that Owner, of the amount of Deposited Securities at the time represented by those American Depositary Shares, but not any money or other property as to which a record date for distribution to Owners has passed (since money or other property of that kind will be delivered or paid on the scheduled payment date to the Owner as of that record date), and except that the Depositary shall not be required to accept surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal to the extent it would require delivery of a fraction of a Deposited Security. The Depositary shall direct the Custodian with respect to delivery of Deposited Securities and may charge the surrendering Owner a fee and its expenses for giving that direction by cable (including SWIFT) or facsimile transmission. If Deposited Securities are delivered physically upon surrender of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal, that delivery will be made at the Custodian’s office, except that , at the request, risk and expense of the surrendering Owner, and for the account of that Owner, the Depositary shall direct the Custodian to forward any cash or other property comprising, and forward a certificate or certificates, if applicable, and other proper documents of title, if any, for, the Deposited Securities represented by the surrendered American Depositary Shares to the Depositary for delivery at the Depositary’s Office or to another address specified in the order received from the surrendering Owner.

 

3.

REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES; COMBINATION AND SPLIT-UP OF RECEIPTS; INTERCHANGE OF CERTIFICATED AND UNCERTIFICATED AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.

The Depositary, subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement, shall register a transfer of American Depositary Shares on its transfer books upon (i) in the case of certificated American Depositary Shares, surrender of the Receipt evidencing those American Depositary Shares, by the Owner or by a duly authorized attorney, properly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer or (ii) in the case of uncertificated American Depositary Shares, receipt from the Owner of a proper instruction (including, for the avoidance of doubt, instructions through DRS and Profile as provided in Section 2.9 of that Agreement), and, in either case, duly stamped as may be required by the laws of the State of New York and of the United States of

 

A-2


America. Upon registration of a transfer, the Depositary shall deliver the transferred American Depositary Shares to or upon the order of the person entitled thereto.

The Depositary, subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement, shall upon surrender of a Receipt or Receipts for the purpose of effecting a split-up or combination of such Receipt or Receipts, execute and deliver a new Receipt or Receipts for any authorized number of American Depositary Shares requested, evidencing the same aggregate number of American Depositary Shares as the Receipt or Receipts surrendered.

The Depositary, upon surrender of certificated American Depositary Shares for the purpose of exchanging for uncertificated American Depositary Shares, shall cancel the Receipt evidencing those certificated American Depositary Shares and send the Owner a statement confirming that the Owner is the owner of the same number of uncertificated American Depositary Shares. The Depositary, upon receipt of a proper instruction (including, for the avoidance of doubt, instructions through DRS and Profile as provided in Section 2.9 of the Deposit Agreement) from the Owner of uncertificated American Depositary Shares for the purpose of exchanging for certificated American Depositary Shares, shall cancel those uncertificated American Depositary Shares and register and deliver to the Owner a Receipt evidencing the same number of certificated American Depositary Shares.

As a condition precedent to the delivery, registration of transfer, or surrender of any American Depositary Shares or split-up or combination of any Receipt or withdrawal of any Deposited Securities, the Depositary, the Custodian, or Registrar may require payment from the depositor of the Shares or the presenter of the Receipt or instruction for registration of transfer or surrender of American Depositary Shares not evidenced by a Receipt of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any tax or other governmental charge and any stock transfer or registration fee with respect thereto (including any such tax or charge and fee with respect to Shares being deposited or withdrawn) and payment of any applicable fees as provided in the Deposit Agreement, may require the production of proof satisfactory to it as to the identity and genuineness of any signature and may also require compliance with any regulations the Depositary may establish consistent with the provisions of the Deposit Agreement.

The delivery of American Depositary Shares against deposit of Shares generally or against deposit of particular Shares may be suspended, or the registration of transfer of American Depositary Shares in particular instances may be refused, or the registration of transfer of outstanding American Depositary Shares generally may be suspended, during any period when the transfer books of the Depositary are closed, or if any such action is deemed necessary or advisable by the Depositary or the Company at any time or from time to time because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body or commission, or under any provision of the Deposit Agreement, or for any other reason. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Deposit Agreement or this Receipt, the surrender of outstanding American Depositary Shares and withdrawal of Deposited Securities may not be suspended subject only to (i) temporary delays caused by closing the transfer books of the Depositary or the Company or the Foreign Registrar, if applicable, or the deposit of Shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends, (ii) the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges, and (iii) compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the American Depositary Shares or to the withdrawal of the Deposited Securities. The Depositary shall not knowingly accept for deposit under the Deposit Agreement any Shares that, at the time of deposit, are Restricted Securities.

 

4.

LIABILITY OF OWNER FOR TAXES.

If any tax or other governmental charge shall become payable by the Custodian or the Depositary with respect to or in connection with any American Depositary Shares or any Deposited Securities represented by any American Depositary Shares or in connection with a transaction to which Section 4.8 of the Deposit Agreement applies, that tax or other governmental charge shall be payable by the Owner of those American Depositary

 

A-3


Shares to the Depositary. The Depositary may refuse to register any transfer of those American Depositary Shares or any withdrawal of Deposited Securities represented by those American Depositary Shares until that payment is made, and may withhold any dividends or other distributions or the proceeds thereof, or may sell for the account of the Owner any part or all of the Deposited Securities represented by those American Depositary Shares, and may apply those dividends or other distributions or the net proceeds of any sale of that kind in payment of that tax or other governmental charge but, even after a sale of that kind, the Owner shall remain liable for any deficiency. The Depositary shall distribute any net proceeds of a sale made under Section 3.2 of the Deposit Agreement that are not used to pay taxes or governmental charges to the Owners entitled to them in accordance with Section 4.1 of the Deposit Agreement. If the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share decreases as a result of a sale of Deposited Securities under Section 3.2 of the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may call for surrender of the American Depositary Shares to be exchanged on a mandatory basis for a lesser number of American Depositary Shares and may sell American Depositary Shares to the extent necessary to avoid distributing fractions of American Depositary Shares in that exchange and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to the Owners entitled to them.

 

5.

WARRANTIES ON DEPOSIT OF SHARES.

Every person depositing Shares under the Deposit Agreement shall be deemed thereby to represent and warrant that those Shares and each certificate therefor, if applicable, are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and were not issued in violation of any preemptive or similar rights of the holders of outstanding securities of the Company and that the person making that deposit is duly authorized so to do. Every depositing person shall also be deemed to represent that the Shares, at the time of deposit, are not Restricted Securities. All representations and warranties deemed made under Section 3.3 of the Deposit Agreement shall survive the deposit of Shares and delivery of American Depositary Shares.

 

6.

FILING PROOFS, CERTIFICATES, AND OTHER INFORMATION.

Any person presenting Shares for deposit or any Owner or Holder may be required from time to time to file with the Depositary or the Custodian such proof of citizenship or residence, exchange control approval, or such information relating to the registration on the books of the Company or the Foreign Registrar, if applicable, to execute such certificates and to make such representations and warranties, as the Depositary may deem necessary or proper. The Depositary may withhold the delivery or registration of transfer of any American Depositary Shares, the distribution of any dividend or other distribution or of the proceeds thereof or the delivery of any Deposited Securities until that proof or other information is filed or those certificates are executed or those representations and warranties are made. As conditions of accepting Shares for deposit, the Depositary may require (i) any certification required by the Depositary or the Custodian in accordance with the provisions of the Deposit Agreement, (ii) a written order directing the Depositary to deliver to, or upon the written order of, the person or persons stated in that order, the number of American Depositary Shares representing those Deposited Shares, (iii) evidence satisfactory to the Depositary that those Shares have been re-registered in the books of the Company or the Foreign Registrar in the name of the Depositary, a Custodian or a nominee of the Depositary or a Custodian, (iv) evidence satisfactory to the Depositary that any necessary approval for the transfer or deposit has been granted by any governmental body in each applicable jurisdiction and (v) an agreement or assignment, or other instrument satisfactory to the Depositary, that provides for the prompt transfer to the Custodian of any dividend, or right to subscribe for additional Shares or to receive other property, that any person in whose name those Shares are or have been recorded may thereafter receive upon or in respect of those Shares, or, in lieu thereof, such agreement of indemnity or other agreement as shall be satisfactory to the Depositary.

 

7.

CHARGES OF DEPOSITARY.

The following charges shall be incurred by any party depositing or withdrawing Shares or by any party surrendering American Depositary Shares or to whom American Depositary Shares are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by the Company or an exchange

 

A-4


of stock regarding the American Depositary Shares or Deposited Securities or a delivery of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 4.3 of the Deposit Agreement), or by Owners, as applicable: (1) taxes and other governmental charges, (2) such registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of transfers of Shares generally on the Share register of the Company or Foreign Registrar and applicable to transfers of Shares to or from the name of the Depositary or its nominee or the Custodian or its nominee on the making of deposits or withdrawals hereunder, (3) such cable (including SWIFT) and facsimile transmission fees and expenses as are expressly provided in the Deposit Agreement, (4) such expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency pursuant to Section 4.5 of the Deposit Agreement, (5) a fee of $5.00 or less per 100 American Depositary Shares (or portion thereof) for the delivery of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 2.3, 4.3 or 4.4 of the Deposit Agreement and the surrender of American Depositary Shares pursuant to Section 2.5 or 6.2 of the Deposit Agreement, (6) a fee of $.05 or less per American Depositary Share (or portion thereof) for any cash distribution made pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, including, but not limited to Sections 4.1 through 4.4 and 4.8 of the Deposit Agreement, (7) a fee for the distribution of securities pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Deposit Agreement or of rights pursuant to Section 4.4 of that Agreement (where the Depositary will not exercise or sell those rights on behalf of Owners), such fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of American Depositary Shares referred to above which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities under the Deposit Agreement (for purposes of this item 7 treating all such securities as if they were Shares) but which securities are instead distributed by the Depositary to Owners, (8) in addition to any fee charged under item 6 above, a fee of $.05 or less per American Depositary Share (or portion thereof) per annum for depositary services, which will be payable as provided in item 9 below, and (9) any other charges payable by the Depositary or the Custodian, any of the Depositary’s or Custodian’s agents or the agents of the Depositary’s or Custodian’s agents, in connection with the servicing of Shares or other Deposited Securities (which charges shall be assessed against Owners as of the date or dates set by the Depositary in accordance with Section 4.6 of the Deposit Agreement and shall be payable at the sole discretion of the Depositary by billing those Owners for those charges or by deducting those charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions).

The Depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable, or by selling a portion of any securities to be distributed, to Owners that are obligated to pay those fees.

The Depositary may own and deal in any class of securities of the Company and its affiliates and in American Depositary Shares.

From time to time, the Depositary may make payments to the Company to reimburse the Company for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the American Depositary Shares program, waive fees and expenses for services provided by the Depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from Owners or Holders. In performing its duties under the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency dealers or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the Depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

 

8.

DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS.

When required in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or the articles of association or similar document of the Company, the Company may from time to time request each Owner and Holder to provide to the Depositary information relating to: (a) the capacity in which it holds American Depositary Shares, (b) the identity of any Holders or other persons or entities then or previously interested in those American Depositary Shares and the nature of those interests and (c) any other matter where disclosure of such matter is required for that compliance. Each Owner and Holder agrees to provide all information known to it in response to a request made pursuant to Section 3.4 of the Deposit Agreement. Each Holder consents to the disclosure by the Depositary and the Owner or other Holder through which it holds American Depositary Shares, directly or indirectly, of all information responsive to a request made pursuant to that Section relating to that Holder that is known to that Owner or other Holder.

 

A-5


9.

TITLE TO AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES.

It is a condition of the American Depositary Shares, and every successive Owner and Holder of American Depositary Shares, by accepting or holding the same, consents and agrees that American Depositary Shares evidenced by a Receipt, when the Receipt is properly endorsed or accompanied by proper instruments of transfer, shall be transferable as certificated registered securities under the laws of the State of New York, and that American Depositary Shares not evidenced by Receipts shall be transferable as uncertificated registered securities under the laws of the State of New York. The Depositary, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary, may treat the Owner of American Depositary Shares as the absolute owner thereof for the purpose of determining the person entitled to distribution of dividends or other distributions or to any notice provided for in the Deposit Agreement and for all other purposes, and neither the Depositary nor the Company shall have any obligation or be subject to any liability under the Deposit Agreement to any Holder of American Depositary Shares, but only to the Owner.

 

10.

VALIDITY OF RECEIPT.

This Receipt shall not be entitled to any benefits under the Deposit Agreement or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless this Receipt shall have been (i) executed by the Depositary by the manual signature of a duly authorized officer of the Depositary or (ii) executed by the facsimile signature of a duly authorized officer of the Depositary and countersigned by the manual signature of a duly authorized signatory of the Depositary or the Registrar or a co-registrar.

 

11.

REPORTS; INSPECTION OF TRANSFER BOOKS.

The Company is subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, accordingly, files certain reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Those reports will be available for inspection and copying through the Commission’s EDGAR system or at public reference facilities maintained by the Commission in Washington, D.C.

The Depositary will make available for inspection by Owners at its Office any reports, notices and other communications, including any proxy soliciting material, received from the Company which are both (a) received by the Depositary as the holder of the Deposited Securities and (b) made generally available to the holders of those Deposited Securities by the Company. The Company shall furnish reports and communications, including any proxy soliciting material to which Section 4.9 of the Deposit Agreement applies, to the Depositary in English, to the extent such materials are required to be translated into English pursuant to any regulations of the Commission.

The Depositary will keep books for the registration of American Depositary Shares and transfers of American Depositary Shares, which shall be open for inspection by the Owners at the Depositary’s Office during regular business hours, provided that such inspection shall not be for the purpose of communicating with Owners in the interest of a business or object other than the business of the Company or a matter related to the Deposit Agreement or the American Depositary Shares.

 

12.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.

Whenever the Depositary receives any cash dividend or other cash distribution on Deposited Securities, the Depositary will, if at the time of receipt thereof any amounts received in a foreign currency can in the judgment of the Depositary be converted on a reasonable basis into Dollars transferable to the United States, and subject to the Deposit Agreement, convert that dividend or other cash distribution into Dollars and distribute the amount thus received (net of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Article 7 hereof and Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement) to the Owners entitled thereto; provided , however , that if the Custodian or the Depositary is required to withhold and does withhold from that cash dividend or other cash distribution an

 

A-6


amount on account of taxes or other governmental charges, the amount distributed to the Owners of the American Depositary Shares representing those Deposited Securities shall be reduced accordingly. If a cash distribution would represent a return of all or substantially all the value of the Deposited Securities underlying American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may require surrender of those American Depositary Shares and may require payment of or deduct the fee for surrender of American Depositary Shares (whether or not it is also requiring surrender of American Depositary Shares) as a condition of making that cash distribution. A distribution of that kind shall be a Termination Option Event .

Subject to the provisions of Section 4.11 and 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement, whenever the Depositary receives any distribution other than a distribution described in Section 4.1, 4.3 or 4.4 of the Deposit Agreement on Deposited Securities (but not in exchange for or in conversion or in lieu of Deposited Securities), the Depositary will cause the securities or property received by it to be distributed to the Owners entitled thereto, after deduction or upon payment of any fees and expenses of the Depositary and any taxes or other governmental charges, in any manner that the Depositary deems equitable and practicable for accomplishing that distribution (which may be a distribution of depositary shares representing the securities received); provided , however , that if in the opinion of the Depositary such distribution cannot be made proportionately among the Owners entitled thereto, or if for any other reason the Depositary deems such distribution not to be lawful and feasible, the Depositary may adopt such other method as it may deem equitable and practicable for the purpose of effecting such distribution, including, but not limited to, the public or private sale of the securities or property thus received, or any part thereof, and distribution of the net proceeds of any such sale (net of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Article 7 hereof and Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement) to the Owners entitled thereto all in the manner and subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.1 of the Deposit Agreement. The Depositary may withhold any distribution of securities under Section 4.2 of the Deposit Agreement if it has not received reasonably satisfactory assurances from the Company that the distribution does not require registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, an amount of securities or other property it would otherwise distribute under this Article that is sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in respect of that distribution. If a distribution under Section 4.2 of the Deposit Agreement would represent a return of all of substantially all the value of the Deposited Securities underlying American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may require surrender of those American Depositary Shares and may require payment of or deduct the fee for surrender of American Depositary Shares (whether or not it is also requiring surrender of American Depositary Shares) as a condition of making that distribution. A distribution of that kind shall be a Termination Option Event .

Whenever the Depositary receives any distribution consisting of a dividend in, or free distribution of, Shares, the Depositary may, and shall if the Company shall so request in writing, deliver to the Owners entitled thereto, an aggregate number of American Depositary Shares representing the amount of Shares received as that dividend or free distribution, subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement with respect to the deposit of Shares and issuance of American Depositary Shares, including the withholding of any tax or other governmental charge as provided in Section 4.11 of the Deposit Agreement and the payment of the fees and expenses of the Depositary as provided in Article 7 hereof and Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement (and the Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, an amount of Shares received (or American Depositary Shares representing those Shares) sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in respect of that distribution). In lieu of delivering fractional American Depositary Shares, the Depositary may sell the amount of Shares represented by the aggregate of those fractions (or American Depositary Shares representing those Shares) and distribute the net proceeds, all in the manner and subject to the conditions described in Section 4.1 of the Deposit Agreement. If and to the extent that additional American Depositary Shares are not delivered and Shares or American Depositary Shares are not sold, each American Depositary Share shall thenceforth also represent the additional Shares distributed on the Deposited Securities represented thereby.

If the Company declares a distribution in which holders of Deposited Securities have a right to elect whether to receive cash, Shares or other securities or a combination of those things, or a right to elect to have a distribution sold on their behalf, the Depositary may, after consultation with the Company, make that right of

 

A-7


election available for exercise by Owners in any manner the Depositary considers to be lawful and practical. As a condition of making a distribution election right available to Owners, the Depositary may require reasonably satisfactory assurances from the Company that doing so does not require registration of any securities under the Securities Act of 1933.

If the Depositary determines that any distribution received or to be made by the Depositary (including Shares and rights to subscribe therefor) is subject to any tax or other governmental charge that the Depositary is obligated to withhold, the Depositary may sell, by public or private sale, all or a portion of the distributed property (including Shares and rights to subscribe therefor) in the amounts and manner the Depositary deems necessary and practicable to pay those taxes or charges, and the Depositary shall distribute the net proceeds of that sale, after deduction of those taxes or charges, to the Owners entitled thereto in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by them respectively.

Each Owner and Holder agrees to indemnify the Company, the Depositary, the Custodian and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates for, and hold each of them harmless against, any claim by any governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced withholding at source or other tax benefit received by it. Services for Owners and Holders that may permit them to obtain reduced rates of tax withholding at source or reclaim excess tax withheld, and the fees and costs associated with using services of that kind, are not provided under, and are outside the scope of, the Deposit Agreement.

 

13.

RIGHTS.

(a) If rights are granted to the Depositary in respect of deposited Shares to purchase additional Shares or other securities, the Company and the Depositary shall endeavor to consult as to the actions, if any, the Depositary should take in connection with that grant of rights. The Depositary may, to the extent deemed by it to be lawful and practical (i) if requested in writing by the Company, grant to all or certain Owners rights to instruct the Depositary to purchase the securities to which the rights relate and deliver those securities or American Depositary Shares representing those securities to Owners, (ii) if requested in writing by the Company, deliver the rights to or to the order of certain Owners, or (iii) sell the rights to the extent practicable and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to Owners entitled to those proceeds. To the extent rights are not exercised, delivered or disposed of under (i), (ii) or (iii) above, the Depositary shall permit the rights to lapse unexercised.

(b) If the Depositary will act under (a)(i) above, the Company and the Depositary will enter into a separate agreement setting forth the conditions and procedures applicable to the particular offering. Upon instruction from an applicable Owner in the form the Depositary specified and upon payment by that Owner to the Depositary of an amount equal to the purchase price of the securities to be received upon the exercise of the rights, the Depositary shall, on behalf of that Owner, exercise the rights and purchase the securities. The purchased securities shall be delivered to, or as instructed by, the Depositary. The Depositary shall (i) deposit the purchased Shares under the Deposit Agreement and deliver American Depositary Shares representing those Shares to that Owner or (ii) deliver or cause the purchased Shares or other securities to be delivered to or to the order of that Owner. The Depositary will not act under (a)(i) above unless the offer and sale of the securities to which the rights relate are registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Depositary has received an opinion of United States counsel that is reasonably satisfactory to it to the effect that those securities may be sold and delivered to the applicable Owners without registration under the Securities Act of 1933.

(c) If the Depositary will act under (a)(ii) above, the Company and the Depositary will enter into a separate agreement setting forth the conditions and procedures applicable to the particular offering. Upon (i) the request of an applicable Owner to deliver the rights allocable to the American Depositary Shares of that Owner to an account specified by that Owner to which the rights can be delivered and (ii) receipt of such documents as the Company and the Depositary agreed to require to comply with applicable law, the Depositary will deliver those rights as requested by that Owner.

 

A-8


(d) If the Depositary will act under (a)(iii) above, the Depositary will use reasonable efforts to sell the rights in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by the applicable Owners and pay the net proceeds to the Owners otherwise entitled to the rights that were sold, upon an averaged or other practical basis without regard to any distinctions among such Owners because of exchange restrictions or the date of delivery of any American Depositary Shares or otherwise.

(e) Payment or deduction of the fees of the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement and payment or deduction of the expenses of the Depositary and any applicable taxes or other governmental charges shall be conditions of any delivery of securities or payment of cash proceeds under Section 4.4 of that Agreement.

(f) The Depositary shall not be responsible for any failure to determine that it may be lawful or feasible to make rights available to or exercise rights on behalf of Owners in general or any Owner in particular, or to sell rights.

 

14.

CONVERSION OF FOREIGN CURRENCY.

Whenever the Depositary or the Custodian receives foreign currency, by way of dividends or other distributions or the net proceeds from the sale of securities, property or rights, and if at the time of the receipt thereof the foreign currency so received can in the judgment of the Depositary be converted on a reasonable basis into Dollars and the resulting Dollars transferred to the United States, the Depositary shall convert or cause to be converted by sale or in any other manner that it may determine that foreign currency into Dollars, and those Dollars shall be distributed, as promptly as practicable, to the Owners entitled thereto. A cash distribution may be made upon an averaged or other practicable basis without regard to any distinctions among Owners based on exchange restrictions, the date of delivery of any American Depositary Shares or otherwise and shall be net of any expenses of conversion into Dollars incurred by the Depositary as provided in Section 5.9 of the Deposit Agreement.

If a conversion of foreign currency or the repatriation or distribution of Dollars can be effected only with the approval or license of any government or agency thereof, the Depositary may, but will not be required to, file an application for that approval or license.

If the Depositary determines that in its judgment any foreign currency received by the Depositary or the Custodian is not convertible on a reasonable basis into Dollars transferable to the United States, or if any approval or license of any government or agency thereof that is required for such conversion is not filed or sought by the Depositary or is not obtained within a reasonable period as determined by the Depositary, the Depositary may distribute the foreign currency received by the Depositary to, or in its discretion may hold such foreign currency uninvested and without liability for interest thereon for the respective accounts of, the Owners entitled to receive the same.

If any conversion of foreign currency, in whole or in part, cannot be effected for distribution to some of the Owners entitled thereto, the Depositary may in its discretion make that conversion and distribution in Dollars to the extent practicable and permissible to the Owners entitled thereto and may distribute the balance of the foreign currency received by the Depositary to, or hold that balance uninvested and without liability for interest thereon for the account of, the Owners entitled thereto.

The Depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the Deposit Agreement and the rate that the Depositary or its affiliate receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The Depositary makes no representation that the exchange

 

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rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the Deposit Agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to Owners, subject to the Depositary’s obligations under Section 5.3 of that Agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

 

15.

RECORD DATES.

Whenever a cash dividend, cash distribution or any other distribution is made on Deposited Securities or rights to purchase Shares or other securities are issued with respect to Deposited Securities (which rights will be delivered to or exercised or sold on behalf of Owners in accordance with Section 4.4 of the Deposit Agreement) or the Depositary receives notice that a distribution or issuance of that kind will be made, or whenever the Depositary receives notice that a meeting of holders of Shares will be held in respect of which the Company has requested the Depositary to send a notice under Section 4.7 of the Deposit Agreement, or whenever the Depositary will assess a fee or charge against the Owners, or whenever the Depositary causes a change in the number of Shares that are represented by each American Depositary Share, or whenever the Depositary otherwise finds it necessary or convenient, the Depositary shall fix a record date, which shall be the same as, or as near as practicable to, any corresponding record date set by the Company with respect to Shares, (a) for the determination of the Owners (i) who shall be entitled to receive the benefit of that dividend or other distribution or those rights, (ii) who shall be entitled to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at that meeting, (iii) who shall be responsible for that fee or charge or (iv) for any other purpose for which the record date was set, or (b) on or after which each American Depositary Share will represent the changed number of Shares. Subject to the provisions of Sections 4.1 through 4.5 of the Deposit Agreement and to the other terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement, the Owners on a record date fixed by the Depositary shall be entitled to receive the amount distributable by the Depositary with respect to that dividend or other distribution or those rights or the net proceeds of sale thereof in proportion to the number of American Depositary Shares held by them respectively, to give voting instructions or to act in respect of the other matter for which that record date was fixed, or be responsible for that fee or charge, as the case may be.

 

16.

VOTING OF DEPOSITED SHARES.

(a) Upon receipt of notice of any meeting of holders of Shares at which holders of Shares will be entitled to vote, if requested in writing by the Company, the Depositary shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, Disseminate to the Owners a notice, the form of which shall be in the sole discretion of the Depositary, that shall contain (i) the information contained in the notice of meeting received by the Depositary, (ii) a statement that the Owners as of the close of business on a specified record date will be entitled, subject to any applicable provision of German law and of the articles of association or similar documents of the Company, to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of Shares represented by their respective American Depositary Shares, (iii) a statement as to the manner in which those instructions may be given, including an express indication that instructions may be deemed given in accordance with the last sentence of paragraph (b) below, if no instruction is received, to the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company and (iv) the last date on which the Depositary will accept instructions (the “ Instruction Cutoff Date ”).

(b) Upon the written request of an Owner of American Depositary Shares, as of the date of the request or, if a record date was specified by the Depositary, as of that record date, received on or before any Instruction Cutoff Date established by the Depositary, the Depositary may, and if the Depositary sent a notice under the preceding paragraph shall, endeavor, in so far as practicable, to vote or cause to be voted the amount of deposited Shares represented by those American Depositary Shares in accordance with the instructions set forth in that request. The Depositary shall not vote or attempt to exercise the right to vote that attaches to the deposited Shares other than in accordance with instructions given by Owners and received by the Depositary or as provided in the following sentence. If

 

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(i) the Company instructed the Depositary to Disseminate a notice under paragraph (a) above and complied with paragraph (d) below,

(ii) no instructions are received by the Depositary from an Owner with respect to a matter and an amount of American Depositary Shares of that Owner on or before the Instruction Cutoff Date and

(iii) the Depositary has received from the Company, by the business day following the Instruction Cutoff Date, a written confirmation that, as of the Instruction Cutoff Date, (x) the Company wishes a proxy to be given under this sentence, (y) the Company reasonably does not know of any substantial opposition to the matter and (z) the matter is not materially adverse to the interests of shareholders,

then, the Depositary shall deem that Owner to have instructed the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company with respect to that matter and the amount of deposited Shares represented by that amount of American Depositary Shares and the Depositary shall give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company to vote that amount of deposited Shares as to that matter.

(c) There can be no assurance that Owners generally or any Owner in particular will receive the notice described in paragraph (a) above in time to enable Owners to give instructions to the Depositary prior to the Instruction Cutoff Date.

(d) In order to give Owners a reasonable opportunity to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to Shares, if the Company will request the Depositary to Disseminate a notice under paragraph (a) above, the Company shall give the Depositary notice of the meeting, details concerning the matters to be voted upon and copies of materials to be made available to holders of Shares in connection with the meeting not less than 40 days prior to the meeting date.

 

17.

TENDER AND EXCHANGE OFFERS; REDEMPTION, REPLACEMENT OR CANCELLATION OF DEPOSITED SECURITIES.

(a) The Depositary shall not tender any Deposited Securities in response to any voluntary cash tender offer, exchange offer or similar offer made to holders of Deposited Securities (a “ Voluntary Offer ”), except when instructed in writing to do so by an Owner surrendering American Depositary Shares and subject to any conditions or procedures the Depositary may require.

(b) If the Depositary receives a written notice that Deposited Securities have been redeemed for cash or otherwise purchased for cash in a transaction that is mandatory and binding on the Depositary as a holder of those Deposited Securities (a “ Redemption ”), the Depositary, at the expense of the Company, shall (i) if required, surrender Deposited Securities that have been redeemed to the issuer of those securities or its agent on the redemption date, (ii) Disseminate a notice to Owners (A) notifying them of that Redemption, (B) calling for surrender of a corresponding number of American Depositary Shares and (C) notifying them that the called American Depositary Shares have been converted into a right only to receive the money received by the Depositary upon that Redemption and those net proceeds shall be the Deposited Securities to which Owners of those converted American Depositary Shares shall be entitled upon surrenders of those American Depositary Shares in accordance with Section 2.5 or 6.2 of the Deposit Agreement and (iii) distribute the money received upon that Redemption to the Owners entitled to it upon surrender by them of called American Depositary Shares in accordance with Section 2.5 of that Agreement (and, for the avoidance of doubt, Owners shall not be entitled to receive that money under Section 4.1 of that Agreement). If the Redemption affects less than all the Deposited Securities, the Depositary shall call for surrender a corresponding portion of the outstanding American Depositary Shares and only those American Depositary Shares will automatically be converted into a right to receive the net proceeds of the Redemption. The Depositary shall allocate the American Depositary Shares converted under the preceding sentence among the Owners pro-rata to their respective holdings of American Depositary Shares immediately prior to the Redemption, except that the allocations may be adjusted so that no

 

A-11


fraction of a converted American Depositary Share is allocated to any Owner. A Redemption of all or substantially all of the Deposited Securities shall be a Termination Option Event .

(c) If the Depositary is notified of or there occurs any change in nominal value or any subdivision, combination or any other reclassification of the Deposited Securities or any recapitalization, reorganization, sale of assets substantially as an entirety, merger or consolidation affecting the issuer of the Deposited Securities or to which it is a party that is mandatory and binding on the Depositary as a holder of Deposited Securities and, as a result, securities or other property have been or will be delivered in exchange, conversion, replacement or in lieu of, Deposited Securities (a “ Replacement ”), the Depositary shall, if required, surrender the old Deposited Securities affected by that Replacement of Shares and hold, as new Deposited Securities under the Deposit Agreement, the new securities or other property delivered to it in that Replacement. However , the Depositary may elect to sell those new Deposited Securities if in the opinion of the Depositary it is not lawful or not practical for it to hold those new Deposited Securities under the Deposit Agreement because those new Deposited Securities may not be distributed to Owners without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 or for any other reason, at public or private sale, at such places and on such terms as it deems proper and proceed as if those new Deposited Securities had been Redeemed under paragraph (b) above. A Replacement shall be a Termination Option Event .

(d) In the case of a Replacement where the new Deposited Securities will continue to be held under the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may call for the surrender of outstanding Receipts to be exchanged for new Receipts specifically describing the new Deposited Securities and the number of those new Deposited Securities represented by each American Depositary Share. If the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share decreases as a result of a Replacement, the Depositary may call for surrender of the American Depositary Shares to be exchanged on a mandatory basis for a lesser number of American Depositary Shares and may sell American Depositary Shares to the extent necessary to avoid distributing fractions of American Depositary Shares in that exchange and distribute the net proceeds of that sale to the Owners entitled to them.

(e) If there are no Deposited Securities with respect to American Depositary Shares, including if the Deposited Securities are cancelled, or the Deposited Securities with respect to American Depositary Shares have become apparently worthless, the Depositary may call for surrender of those American Depositary Shares or may cancel those American Depositary Shares, upon notice to Owners, and that condition shall be a Termination Option Event .

 

18.

LIABILITY OF THE COMPANY AND DEPOSITARY.

Neither the Depositary nor the Company nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents or affiliates shall incur any liability to any Owner or Holder:

(i) if by reason of (A) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or other act of the government of the United States or the Federal Republic of Germany, any State of the United States or any other state or jurisdiction, or of any governmental or regulatory authority or stock exchange; (B) (in the case of the Depositary only) any provision, present or future, of the articles of association or similar document of the Company, or by reason of any provision of any securities issued or distributed by the Company, or any offering or distribution thereof; or (C) any event or circumstance, whether natural or caused by a person or persons, that is beyond the ability of the Depositary or the Company, as the case may be, to prevent or counteract by reasonable care or effort (including, but not limited to earthquakes, floods, severe storms, fires, explosions, war, terrorism, civil unrest, labor disputes or criminal acts; interruptions or malfunctions of utility services, Internet or other communications lines or systems; unauthorized access to or attacks on computer systems or websites; or other failures or malfunctions of computer hardware or software or other systems or equipment), the Depositary or the Company is, directly or indirectly, prevented from, forbidden to or delayed in, or could be subject to any civil or criminal penalty on account of doing or performing and therefore does not do or perform, any act or thing that, by the terms of the Deposit Agreement or the Deposited Securities, it is provided shall be done or performed;

 

A-12


(ii) for any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided for in the Deposit Agreement (including any determination by the Depositary to take, or not take, any action that the Deposit Agreement provides the Depositary may take);

(iii) for the inability of any Owner or Holder to benefit from any distribution, offering, right or other benefit that is made available to holders of Deposited Securities but is not, under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, made available to Owners or Holders; or

(iv) for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

Where, by the terms of a distribution to which Section 4.1, 4.2 or 4.3 of the Deposit Agreement applies, or an offering to which Section 4.4 of that Agreement applies, or for any other reason, that distribution or offering may not be made available to Owners, and the Depositary may not dispose of that distribution or offering on behalf of Owners and make the net proceeds available to Owners, then the Depositary shall not make that distribution or offering available to Owners, and shall allow any rights, if applicable, to lapse.

Neither the Company nor the Depositary assumes any obligation or shall be subject to any liability under the Deposit Agreement to Owners or Holders, except that they agree to perform their obligations specifically set forth in the Deposit Agreement without negligence or bad faith. The Depositary shall not be a fiduciary or have any fiduciary duty to Owners or Holders. The Depositary shall not be subject to any liability with respect to the validity or worth of the Deposited Securities. Neither the Depositary nor the Company shall be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit, or other proceeding in respect of any Deposited Securities or in respect of the American Depositary Shares, on behalf of any Owner or Holder or other person. Neither the Depositary nor the Company shall be liable for any action or non-action by it in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting Shares for deposit, any Owner or Holder, or any other person believed by it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information. Each of the Depositary and the Company may rely, and shall be protected in relying upon, any written notice, request, direction or other document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties. The Depositary shall not be liable for any acts or omissions made by a successor depositary whether in connection with a previous act or omission of the Depositary or in connection with a matter arising wholly after the removal or resignation of the Depositary, provided that in connection with the issue out of which such potential liability arises, the Depositary performed its obligations without negligence or bad faith while it acted as Depositary. The Depositary shall not be liable for the acts or omissions of any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system in connection with or arising out of book-entry settlement of American Depositary Shares or Deposited Securities or otherwise. In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Depositary shall not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote any of the Deposited Securities or for the manner in which any such vote is cast or the effect of any such vote. The Depositary shall have no duty to make any determination or provide any information as to the tax status of the Company or any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by Owners or Holders as a result of owning or holding American Depositary Shares. The Depositary shall not be liable for the inability or failure of an Owner or Holder to obtain the benefit of a foreign tax credit, reduced rate of withholding or refund of amounts withheld in respect of tax or any other tax benefit. No disclaimer of liability under the United States federal securities laws is intended by any provision of the Deposit Agreement.

 

19.

RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITARY; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN.

The Depositary may at any time resign as Depositary under the Deposit Agreement by written notice of its election so to do delivered to the Company, to become effective upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment as provided in the Deposit Agreement. The Depositary may at any time be removed by the Company by 90 days’ prior written notice of that removal, to become effective upon the later

 

A-13


of (i) the 90th day after delivery of the notice to the Depositary and (ii) the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of its appointment as provided in the Deposit Agreement. The Depositary in its discretion may at any time appoint a substitute or additional custodian or custodians.

 

20.

AMENDMENT.

The form of the Receipts and any provisions of the Deposit Agreement may at any time and from time to time be amended by agreement between the Company and the Depositary without the consent of Owners or Holders in any respect that they may deem necessary or desirable. Any amendment that would impose or increase any fees or charges (other than taxes and other governmental charges, registration fees, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or that would otherwise prejudice any substantial existing right of Owners, shall, however, not become effective as to outstanding American Depositary Shares until the expiration of 30 days after notice of that amendment has been Disseminated to the Owners of outstanding American Depositary Shares. Every Owner and Holder, at the time any amendment so becomes effective, shall be deemed, by continuing to hold American Depositary Shares or any interest therein, to consent and agree to that amendment and to be bound by the Deposit Agreement as amended thereby. Upon the effectiveness of an amendment to the form of Receipt, including a change in the number of Shares represented by each American Depositary Share, the Depositary may call for surrender of Receipts to be replaced with new Receipts in the amended form or call for surrender of American Depositary Shares to effect that change of ratio. In no event shall any amendment impair the right of the Owner to surrender American Depositary Shares and receive delivery of the Deposited Securities represented thereby, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law.

 

21.

TERMINATION OF DEPOSIT AGREEMENT.

(a) The Company may initiate termination of the Deposit Agreement by notice to the Depositary. The Depositary may initiate termination of the Deposit Agreement if (i) at any time 60 days shall have expired after the Depositary delivered to the Company a written resignation notice and a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment as provided in Section 5.4 of that Agreement, (ii) an Insolvency Event or Delisting Event occurs with respect to the Company or (iii) a Termination Option Event has occurred or will occur. If termination of the Deposit Agreement is initiated, the Depositary shall Disseminate a notice of termination to the Owners of all American Depositary Shares then outstanding setting a date for termination (the “ Termination Date ”), which shall be at least 90 days after the date of that notice, and the Deposit Agreement shall terminate on that Termination Date.

(b) After the Termination Date, the Company shall be discharged from all obligations under the Deposit Agreement except for its obligations to the Depositary under Sections 5.8 and 5.9 of that Agreement.

(c) At any time after the Termination Date, the Depositary may sell the Deposited Securities then held under the Deposit Agreement and may thereafter hold uninvested the net proceeds of any such sale, together with any other cash then held by it hereunder, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the Owners of American Depositary Shares that remain outstanding, and those Owners will be general creditors of the Depositary with respect to those net proceeds and that other cash. After making that sale, the Depositary shall be discharged from all obligations under the Deposit Agreement, except (i) to account for the net proceeds and other cash (after deducting, in each case, the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares, any expenses for the account of the Owner of such American Depositary Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement and any applicable taxes or governmental charges) and (ii) for its obligations under Section 5.8 of that Agreement and (iii) to act as provided in paragraph (d) below.

(d) After the Termination Date, the Depositary shall continue to receive dividends and other distributions pertaining to Deposited Securities (that have not been sold), may sell rights and other property as provided in the Deposit Agreement and shall deliver Deposited Securities (or sale proceeds) upon surrender of American

 

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Depositary Shares (after payment or upon deduction, in each case, of the fee of the Depositary for the surrender of American Depositary Shares, any expenses for the account of the Owner of those American Depositary Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement and any applicable taxes or governmental charges). After the Termination Date, the Depositary shall not accept deposits of Shares or deliver American Depositary Shares. After the Termination Date, (i) the Depositary may refuse to accept surrenders of American Depositary Shares for the purpose of withdrawal of Deposited Securities (that have not been sold) or reverse previously accepted surrenders of that kind that have not settled if in its judgment the requested withdrawal would interfere with its efforts to sell the Deposited Securities, (ii) the Depositary will not be required to deliver cash proceeds of the sale of Deposited Securities until all Deposited Securities have been sold and (iii) the Depositary may discontinue the registration of transfers of American Depositary Shares and suspend the distribution of dividends and other distributions on Deposited Securities to the Owners and need not give any further notices or perform any further acts under the Deposit Agreement except as provided in Section 6.2 of that Agreement.

 

22.

DTC DIRECT REGISTRATION SYSTEM AND PROFILE MODIFICATION SYSTEM.

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.4 of the Deposit Agreement, the parties acknowledge that DTC’s Direct Registration System (“ DRS ”) and Profile Modification System (“ Profile ”) apply to the American Depositary Shares upon acceptance thereof to DRS by DTC. DRS is the system administered by DTC that facilitates interchange between registered holding of uncertificated securities and holding of security entitlements in those securities through DTC and a DTC participant. Profile is a required feature of DRS that allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of an Owner of American Depositary Shares, to direct the Depositary to register a transfer of those American Depositary Shares to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those American Depositary Shares to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the Depositary of prior authorization from the Owner to register that transfer.

(b) In connection with DRS/Profile, the parties acknowledge that the Depositary will not determine whether the DTC participant that is claiming to be acting on behalf of an Owner in requesting registration of transfer and delivery as described in paragraph (a) above has the actual authority to act on behalf of that Owner (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). For the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Sections 5.3 and 5.8 of the Deposit Agreement apply to the matters arising from the use of the DRS/Profile. The parties agree that the Depositary’s reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the Depositary through the DRS/Profile system and otherwise in accordance with the Deposit Agreement shall not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the Depositary.

 

23.

APPOINTMENT OF AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS; SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION; JURY TRIAL WAIVER; WAIVER OF IMMUNITIES.

The Company has (i) appointed                                                           , located in the State of New York, as the Company’s authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Shares or Deposited Securities, the American Depositary Shares, the Receipts or this Agreement, (ii) consented and submitted to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court in the State of New York in which any such suit or proceeding may be instituted, and (iii) agreed that service of process upon said authorized agent shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit or proceeding.

EACH PARTY TO THE DEPOSIT AGREEMENT (INCLUDING, FOR AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, EACH OWNER AND HOLDER) THEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING AGAINST THE COMPANY AND/OR THE DEPOSITARY DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE SHARES OR OTHER DEPOSITED SECURITIES, THE AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES OR THE RECEIPTS, THE DEPOSIT AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREIN OR THEREIN, OR THE BREACH

 

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HEREOF OR THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY QUESTION REGARDING EXISTENCE, VALIDITY OR TERMINATION (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).

To the extent that the Company or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to, or have attributed to it, any right of immunity, on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any respect thereof, from setoff or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any court, from service of process, from attachment upon or prior to judgment, from attachment in aid of execution or judgment, or from execution of judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of any judgment, in any jurisdiction in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with the Shares or Deposited Securities, the American Depositary Shares, the Receipts or the Deposit Agreement, the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by law, hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, and agrees not to plead or claim, any immunity of that kind and consents to relief and enforcement as provided above.

 

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Exhibit 5.1

 

LOGO

Jumia Technologies AG

Charlottenstraße 4

10969 Berlin

Germany

March 28, 2019

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as German counsel to Jumia Technologies AG, Berlin, (the Company ) a stock corporation organized under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Germany ), as to matters of German law in connection with the offering (the Offering ) of American Depositary Shares of the Company (the ADSs ), each representing an ownership interest in one ordinary bearer share of the Company with a notional amount attributable to each ordinary bearer share of € 1.00 per share from a capital increase (the Capital Increase ), to be resolved by the shareholders of the Company on or about April 1, 2019 (the New Shares ) and the listing of the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange (the Listing ).

This opinion is being furnished in connection with the registration statement (as amended through the date hereof, the Registration Statement) on Form F-1 filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2019 pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended through the date hereof (the Securities Act ), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

In this context, we examined, inter alia , the following documents:

 

  A)

a copy of the current articles of association ( Satzung ) of the Company dated March 7, 2019 (the Articles of Association );

 

  B)

a copy of an electronic excerpt from the commercial register ( Handelsregister ) of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) of Charlottenburg, Germany (the Commercial Register ), docket number HRB 203542 B, relating to the Company dated March 28, 2019;

 

  C)

a copy of the resolutions by the management board of the Company dated March 28, 2019, and a copy of the resolutions by the IPO committee of the supervisory board of the Company dated March 28, 2019, in both cases regarding the decision to pursue the Offering and the Listing;

 

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP is a registered limited liability partnership established under the laws of the State of New York.

The personal liability of our partners is limited to the extent provided in such laws. Additional information is available upon request or at www.sullcrom.com.

A list of partners’ names is available for inspection at the above address.


  D)

a copy of the draft minutes of the extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting to be held on April 1, 2019, which will resolve on the Capital Increase against cash contribution for the issuance of the New Shares;

 

  E)

a copy of the resolutions by the management board of the Company and a draft copy of the resolutions by the IPO committee of the supervisory board of the Company, each expected to be adopted on or about the date of pricing and in both cases regarding inter alia the further details of the Capital Increase (the resolutions under C) and E) together the Resolutions )

 

  F)

a draft copy of the subscription certificate ( Zeichnungsschein ) relating to the New Shares;

 

  G)

a draft copy of the bank certificate ( Einzahlungbestätigung ) regarding the payment of the issue price for the New Shares;

 

  H)

a draft copy of the global share certificate ( Globalurkunde ) evidencing the New Shares;

 

  I)

a draft of the commercial registration application ( Handelsregisteranmeldung ) relating to the New Shares; and

 

  J)

a copy of the Registration Statement;

In giving this opinion, we have assumed that all documents submitted to us as a copy correspond to the respective original and that all documents examined by us are within the power of, and have been or will be validly authorized and executed by all parties thereto other than the Company, which is acting on the basis of the Resolutions. We have further assumed that all authorizations, other than those authorizing the Company with respect to which we have received copies of the Resolutions, have been or will be validly issued and that none of these authorizations has been revoked and that all documents, including electronic excerpts from the Commercial Register, submitted to us and made as of a specific date, have not been amended, cancelled, or otherwise been altered since that date until the date hereof, and that all documents submitted to us in purported final draft form have been, or will be, executed in the form submitted. As to any facts relevant to the opinions stated herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others and of public officials.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the qualifications set out below, we are of the opinion that:

 

1.

The Company is a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) duly registered with the Commercial Register of the local court ( Amtsgericht ) of Charlottenburg, Germany, under HRB 203542 B and validly existing under the laws of Germany.

 

2.

Upon due authorization of the issuance of the New Shares by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under German corporate law, subscription of and payment for the New Shares and upon registration of the implementation of the Capital Increase in the Commercial Register and due issuance, execution and delivery of the share certificate representing the New Shares, each as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the New Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable ( nicht nachschusspflichtig ).

 

3.

The statements set forth under the heading “Taxation — German Taxation of Holders of ADSs” in the Registration Statement, insofar as such statements discuss the material German tax consequences for a U.S. holder of acquiring, owning and disposing of the ADSs, represent our opinion with respect to the matters referred to therein.

The foregoing opinions are subject to the following qualifications:

(i) Pursuant to Sections 57 et seq . and 71a of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz ) ( AktG ), except for dividends or unless explicitly permitted under the AktG, no payments, other distributions, financing arrangements, financial support, or other services of any kind may be made, directly or indirectly, by a stock corporation ( Aktiengesellschaft ) to current or future shareholders in their capacity as such.


(ii) We have not verified, do not opine upon, and do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or reasonableness of any statement contained in any offering material relating to the New Shares or the Company.

(iii) This opinion speaks as of its date and is confined to, and is given on the basis of, the laws of Germany as they exist at the date hereof; it is governed by the laws of Germany. We are expressing no opinion as to the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction. You may rely on the correctness of this opinion only in connection with the Offering and Listing.

(iv) With respect to the opinion statement no. 3., we note that such opinion statement may be affected by amendments to German tax law or to the regulations thereunder or by subsequent judicial or administrative interpretations thereof, which might be enacted or applied with retroactive effect for the current tax assessment period.

(v) We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to us under the heading “Legal Matters” in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

 

Very truly yours,

/s/ Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

Exhibit 8.1

 

LOGO

March 27, 2019

Jumia Technologies AG,

          Charlottenstraße 4,

                     10969 Berlin, Germany.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as your tax counsel in connection with the registration statement on Form F-1 (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof.

We hereby confirm to you that, insofar as it relates to matters of United States federal income tax law, the discussion under the caption “U.S. Taxation” in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, subject to the qualifications, exceptions, assumptions and limitations contained herein and therein, is our opinion.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the SEC as Exhibit 8 to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,

/s/ Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

Exhibit 10.3

FORM OF INFORMATION SHARING AGREEMENT

This INFORMATION SHARING AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”), is entered into with effect from the date that the Shareholders’ Agreement (as defined below) terminates (the “ Effective Date ”) (as contemplated in Clause 1 below) by and among:

Jumia Technologies AG , a stock corporation incorporated under the laws of Germany, having its registered office at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany (hereinafter referred to as “ Jumia ”);

and

Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited , a company incorporated under the laws of South Africa, having its registered office at No. 216, 14 th Avenue, Fairland, Roodepoort, 2195, Gauteng, South Africa (hereinafter referred to as “ MTN Holdings ” and, together with Jumia, the “ Parties ”).

PREAMBLE:

WHEREAS, MTN Holdings currently holds ordinary shares in Jumia and, subject to a successful initial public offering and listing of American Depositary Shares (“ ADS ”) representing ordinary shares in Jumia on the New York Stock Exchange (“ NYSE ”), MTN Holdings will thereafter hold shares in a listed company.

WHEREAS , MTN Holdings is currently a party to a shareholders’ agreement in relation to Jumia, which regulates (among other things) the provision of financial and other information by Jumia to its shareholders (the “ Shareholders’ Agreement ”).

WHEREAS , at the time of settlement of the initial public offering of the Jumia ADS, the Shareholders’ Agreement will terminate.

WHEREAS , in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“ IFRS ”), MTN Holdings as well as MTN Group Limited (“ MTN Group ”), the direct 100% shareholder of MTN Holdings, which is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (“ JSE ”), are required to account for the investment in Jumia as an associate in the MTN Group consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. MTN Group’s annual audited consolidated financial statements (“ AFS ”) are publicly available. In order for MTN Holdings and MTN Group to comply with their reporting obligations and to prepare the MTN Group consolidated financial statements, MTN Holdings will need to receive certain financial and other information from Jumia prior to the publication of such information by Jumia and within certain time frames.

ACCORDINGLY , the Parties have agreed to formally record the terms and conditions on which Jumia will provide the required financial and other information to MTN Holdings, in this Agreement.

IT IS AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

 

1.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Notwithstanding the date of signature hereof, the Parties record that this Agreement shall be effective as from the Effective Date.

 

2.

PROVISION OF INFORMATION

Jumia hereby undertakes that it will supply the following information to MTN Holdings:

 

  (a)   By no later than 20 January of each year (or the closest Friday, whichever occurs first), Jumia to submit to MTN Holdings an unaudited information package relating to the most recently completed financial year.


  (b)   By no later than 12 February of each year (or the closest Friday, whichever occurs first), Jumia to submit to MTN Holdings an audited information package relating to the most recently completed financial year (including the final audit opinion).

 

  (c)   By no later than 18 July of each year (or the closest Friday, whichever occurs first), Jumia to submit to MTN Holdings an unaudited information package relating to the most recently completed half-year financial period.

 

  (d)   By no later than 26 July of each year (or the closest Friday, whichever occurs first), Jumia to submit to MTN Holdings a reviewed information package relating to the most recently completed half-year financial period (including the final review opinion).

 

  (e)   All information packages must be prepared in accordance with IFRS for the purposes of incorporation into MTN Group’s IFRS financial statements.

 

  (f)   All information packages in terms of this provision provided by Jumia should include a statement of financial position, income statement, statement of comprehensive income, cash flow statement and changes in equity statement, as well as any other information required by MTN Holdings or MTN Group for the purposes of making mandatory disclosures in terms of IFRS. All such information should be prepared on a year-to-date basis aligned with MTN Holdings’ financial year (i.e., 1 January to 31 December).

 

  (g)   All information packages in terms of this provision must be dated and signed off by Jumia’s management and shall be presented in a format approved by MTN Holdings and contain all of the information reasonably requested by MTN Holdings and requisite for incorporation into the MTN Group financial statements.

 

  (h)   Jumia shall furthermore provide such information, confirmations, certificates and assurances to MTN Holdings as MTN Holdings reasonably requires for the purposes of enabling MTN Group to comply with its mandatory corporate governance, legal and regulatory obligations, within such time periods stipulated by MTN Group (acting reasonably and taking into account the interests of Jumia).

 

  (i)   Jumia shall also supply any other information reasonably requested by MTN Holdings and requisite for mandatory reporting purposes of MTN Holdings, within such time periods stipulated by MTN Holdings (acting reasonably and taking into account the interests of Jumia).

 

  (j)   Jumia will have regard to, and use all reasonable commercial endeavors to, comply with MTN Holdings’ requirements for the timing, format and contents of all information referred to in clauses (a) to (i) above. MTN Holdings will have regard to, and use all reasonable endeavors to limit its information requests under this Agreement to the scope requisite for MTN Holdings and MTN Group to comply with their reporting obligations and to prepare the MTN Group consolidated financial statements and to comply with their mandatory corporate governance, legal and regulatory obligations. MTN Holdings and MTN Group each are not entitled to use information provided under the provisions of this Agreement for any other purposes to the detriment of Jumia.

 

3.

COMPLIANCE WITH US AND OTHER APPLICABLE INSIDER TRADING LAWS

 

  (a)   MTN Holdings undertakes that it will comply (and that it will procure that MTN Group will comply) with all mandatory United States securities laws and any other applicable securities and insider trading laws that apply to MTN Holdings or MTN Group and/or Jumia (“ Securities Law ”) with respect to all material non-public information received from Jumia, and that neither MTN Holdings nor MTN Group will use or disclose such material non-public information in breach of Securities Law.

 

  (b)   Subject to compliance with Securities Law and Jumia’s insider trading policies (including in relation to closed or “black out” periods), nothing contained in this Agreement shall preclude MTN Holdings from exercising its right to trade any ADS held by it.

 

4.

COMPLIANCE WITH JSE REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAWS

 

  (a)  

Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude MTN Holdings or MTN Group from complying with applicable disclosure obligations pursuant to the Listing Requirements of the JSE or any other

 

2


  mandatory laws, regulations, court orders or arbitral awards applicable to MTN Holdings, MTN Group or any subsidiary of MTN Group, provided, however, that MTN Holdings or MTN Group shall, to the extent reasonably practicable and legally permissable, provide Jumia with advance notice of any such disclosure.

 

  (b)   Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude Jumia from complying with mandatory obligations and provisions under German law.

 

5.

DURATION

This Agreement shall come into effect on, and with effect from, the Effective Date (notwithstanding the signature date). It will continue in effect, unless otherwise mutually agreed between Jumia and MTN Holdings in writing, for so long as MTN Holdings and MTN Group are required to equity account their shareholding in Jumia in terms of IFRS.

 

6.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT; AMENDMENTS

This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior agreements between the Parties, whether written or oral, with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement. This Agreement may only be amended by agreement in writing signed on behalf of both Parties.

 

7.

NO WAIVER

The failure by any Party to enforce or to require the performance at any time of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be construed to be a waiver of such provision, and shall not affect either the validity of this Agreement or any part hereof or the right of such Party to enforce the provisions of this Agreement.

 

8.

SEVERABILITY

In the event of any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement being held for any reason to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement, and this Agreement shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision was not a part of this Agreement, and the Agreement shall be carried out as nearly as possible in accordance with its original terms and intent.

 

9.

GOVERNING LAW

This Agreement and the relationship of the parties in connection with the subject matter of this Agreement and each other shall be governed and determined in accordance with the laws of South Africa.

 

3


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each of the Parties has by its duly authorized representative executed this Agreement as of the date indicated below.

 

By  

 

Name:  
Date:  

For and on behalf of Jumia Technologies AG

(who warrants his/her authority)

 

By  

 

Name:  
Date:  

For and on behalf of Mobile Telephone Networks Holdings Limited

(who warrants his/her authority)

 

4

Exhibit 10.4

Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

Option Program 2016

– General Terms –


Section 1

Preamble

 

1.1

Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG with registered office in Berlin, registered with the commercial register of the local court of Charlottenburg under HRA 47009 B is a limited partnership ( Kommanditgesellschaft ) incorporated under the laws of Germany (“ Partnership ”). The reciprocal rights and duties of the partners of the Partnership are governed by a limited partnership agreement dated 30 December 2016 (“ Limited Partnership Agreement ”). The overall Partnership’s capital booked on the Capital Accounts I (as defined in the Limited Partnership Agreement) amounts to EUR 132,631.00.

 

1.2

The Capital Account I of each limited partner of the Partnership reflects the capital participation of such limited partner in the Partnership. Each limited partner’s interest ( Kommanditbeteiligung ) and the related capital participation in the Partnership shall herein be referred to as the “ Capital Participation ”.

 

1.3

Africa Internet Holding GmbH, registered with the commercial register of the local court of Charlottenburg under HRB 142937 B (“ Holding ”) is a limited partner of the Partnership. The line of business of Holding and the Partnership is the development, marketing and provision of internet services – through subsidiaries – in Africa and the provision of logistic services, digital services and all other services relating to the aforementioned business. According to the Limited Partnership Agreement, Holding acts in respect of all business activities described in the first sentence through the Partnership.

 

1.4

The following terms and conditions form basis of the option program 2016 (“ Option Program 2016 ”) to be implemented by the Partnership for the benefit of certain employees, managing directors and supporters (jointly the “ Eligible Recipients ”) of Holding, the Partnership or its direct or indirect subsidiaries (Holding, the Partnership and its direct and indirect subsidiaries the “ Relevant Enterprises ”, each a “ Relevant Enterprise ”) who shall be entitled upon satisfaction of the prerequisites set forth below to receive a Capital Participation relating to an amount of EUR 0.01 to be booked on the respective Capital Account I (as defined in the Limited Partnership Agreement) subject to certain conditions as detailed below (“ Call Option ”).

 

1.5

The purpose of the Option Program 2016 is to provide an incentive to deserved Eligible Recipients in order to reward their future contribution to the Relevant Enterprises, strengthen their commitment to the Partnership, and to attract and retain competent and dedicated individuals whose efforts will result in the long-term growth and profitability of the Relevant Enterprises and further to align their interests with the interests of Holding and its shareholders.

Section 2

Capital Participations subject to the Option Program 2016

 

2.1

The aggregate amount of the Capital Participations which may be issued pursuant to Call Options under the Option Program 2016 corresponds to the amount of Capital Participations which Holding has in writing committed to issue.

 

2.2

To the extent that a Call Option expires or lapses for any reason or is settled in cash and not by the issuance of a Capital Participation, then any Capital Participation underlying such expired, lapsed or otherwise settled Call Option shall again be available for the grant of a Call Option pursuant to the Option Program 2016.

Section 3

Beneficiaries

The Option Program 2016 shall be applicable in principle to all current and future Eligible Recipients. Each Eligible Recipient to whom a Call Option is granted shall hereinafter be referred to as “ Beneficiary ”. The Call Option shall not be considered as part of the regular contractual remuneration of the Beneficiary but instead as an independent and unsolicited additional benefit.


Section 4

Granting

 

4.1

The Call Option shall be allotted by the general partner of the Partnership by way of a written certificate (“ Certificate ”), in particular stating (i) the overall amount of the Capital Participation the Beneficiary is entitled to acquire under the Call Option (“ Call Option Capital Participation ”), split into the “ Privileged Call Option Tranche ” and the “ Ordinary Call Option Tranche ”, (ii) the Relevant Enterprise the Beneficiary is currently servicing, supporting or employed at (“ Supported Enterprise ”), (iii) the terms of the vesting (as set forth in Section 5), in particular the split between the Privileged Call Option Tranche and the Ordinary Call Option Tranche and the split between the Ordinary Call Option Tranches, (iv) the price to be paid by the Beneficiary for the Call Option Capital Participation (the “ Exercise Price ”), (v) the Effective Date (as defined below) and (vi) the Base Value (as defined below). The Exercise Price shall be adjusted in the same proportion as the valuation of the Partnership has increased or decreased at the time of the exercise of the Call Option Tranche compared to the valuation of the Partnership at the time of the grant of the Call Option Tranche (the “ Base Value ”). A sample Certificate is enclosed as Annex 4.1 hereto.

 

4.2

The Call Option shall accrue from the date stipulated in the Certificate (the “ Effective Date ”) in accordance with the vesting schemes pursuant to Section 5 and the Certificate.

 

4.3

The Call Option remains unaffected by an increase of the overall Capital Participation in the Partnership.

Section 5

Vesting

 

5.1

The Privileged Call Option Tranche and the Ordinary Call Option Tranche (jointly the “ Call Option Tranches ”) shall be granted pursuant to the vesting schemes as set forth in this Section 5 and the Certificate and provided that no Good Leaver Case and no Bad Leaver Case (each as defined below) has occurred until such point in time as follows:

 

 

5.1.1

The Privileged Call Option Tranche shall be granted in the full amount as of the Effective Date.

 

 

5.1.2

The Ordinary Call Option Tranche shall split in:

 

 

(i)

the “ Ordinary Call Option Tranche I ” which shall have a cliff period of 18 months, beginning from the Effective Date and after the expiry of the cliff shall be granted in the full amount;

 

 

(ii)

the “ Ordinary Call Option Tranche II ” which shall be granted:

 

 

(a)

in respect of a certain percentage of the Ordinary Call Option Tranche II, once the Supported Enterprise reaches Profitability (as defined below) and

 

 

(b)

in respect of the remaining Ordinary Call Option Tranche II once Holding reaches Profitability (as defined below).

For the avoidance of doubt, if Holding is named as Supported Enterprise in the Certificate (in particular due to the fact that the Beneficiary supports more than one Relevant Enterprise), 100% of the Ordinary Call Option Tranche II shall be granted once Holding reaches Profitability (as defined below).

Profitability ” shall mean two (2) consecutive quarters with EBITDA > 0 measured on the basis of the IFRS accounts reviewed by the Holding’s auditors. Profitability of Holding shall be determined on the basis of the IFRS consolidated accounts.

Regardless of whether the requirements for the granting of the Ordinary Call Option Tranche II pursuant to Section 5.1.2(ii) have been met, it shall be granted in any case concurrently with the Ordinary Call Option Tranche III (accelerated vesting).


 

(iii)

the “ Ordinary Call Option Tranche III ” which shall be granted upon the expiry of 12 months after the occurrence of an Exit (as defined below).

The split between Ordinary Call Option Tranche and Privileged Call Option Tranche as well as the percentages of the respective Ordinary Call Option Tranche shall be determined by the general partner of the Partnership, subject to the approval of Holding, in the respective Certificate.

 

5.2

Exit ” shall mean (i) the sale of more than 50% of shares in Holding in one single transaction or several closely related transactions carried out in close time proximity by one purchaser and/or a consortium of purchasers (with the exception of a respective sale or transfer to a shareholder of Holding or a company affiliated to a shareholder of Holding within the meaning of sec. 15 et seqq. German Stock Corporation Act ( AktG ), to other Beneficiaries, to a company affiliated to Holding or the Partnership within the meaning of sec. 15 et seqq. German Stock Corporation Act ( AktG ) or a pure internal group restructuring of Holding and its affiliates provided that more than 50% of the shareholders prior to the restructuring will remain partners/shareholders in any target structure), (ii) the sale of all or substantially all (at least 75% with respect to fair market value) of the assets of Holding except if the buyer is controlled by shareholders in Holding or (iii) an initial public offering of Holding (following a change of its legal form) (“ IPO ”).

 

5.3

For any period in which the Beneficiary does not actively work for a Relevant Enterprise and the Relevant Enterprise does not owe the full remuneration in accordance with the respective employment or service agreement (e.g. due to longer illness, unpaid release from work), the periods specified in Section 5.1 are extended accordingly.

 

5.4

Call Option Tranches which have not yet been granted pursuant to Section 5.1 shall expire without compensation in the event of a Good Leaver Case. “ Good Leaver Case ” in the meaning of this Option Program 2016 is any of the following events:

 

 

5.4.1

The employment or service agreement of the Beneficiary is validly terminated by the respective Relevant Enterprise without good cause as defined in Section 626 para. (1) German Civil Code ( BGB ) (the time at which termination is announced is decisive);

 

 

5.4.2

The employment or service agreement of the Beneficiary is validly terminated by the Beneficiary with or without good cause as defined in Section 626 para. (1) German Civil Code ( BGB ) (the time at which the termination is announced is decisive); or

 

 

5.4.3

The Beneficiary’s work for the respective Relevant Enterprise is terminated in any other way (including due to death and/or incapacity to work) without entering into a new employment or service contract with a Relevant Enterprise.

For the avoidance of doubt, Call Option Tranches which have already been granted pursuant to Section 5.1 shall remain unaffected and can be exercised pursuant to Section 6.1 below.

 

5.5

In addition, all Call Option Tranches expire without compensation, regardless of whether these have already been granted or not, in the event of a Bad Leaver Case. “ Bad Leaver Case ” in the meaning of this Option Program 2016 is any of the following events:

 

 

5.5.1

Termination of an employment or service agreement for good cause as defined in Section 626 para. (1) German Civil Code ( BGB ) for which the Beneficiary is responsible (in particular in case of fraud or unethical behavior of the Beneficiary);

 

 

5.5.2

In the case of the sale of the entire or essentially the entire assets of the Partnership, if the Beneficiary (i) refuses to conclude an employment or service agreement with the acquiring company (“ Acquiring Company ”) with at least the same conditions as previously agreed with the Partnership and for a period of at least one (1) year following such sale, (ii) terminates the employment or service agreement prior to the expiry of one (1) year or (iii) does not extend it for such period, without good cause ( wichtiger Grund ) for which the Acquiring Company is responsible;

 

 

5.5.3

The Beneficiary culpably breaches material obligations under this Option Program 2016 or the employment or service agreement despite having received a warning or having been given an additional deadline within which to remedy such breach.


 

5.5.4

Breach of the prohibition of competition (including the termination of an employment or service agreement in order to work for a competitor of the Relevant Enterprise within one year after the termination);

 

 

5.5.5

Commission or participation in the commission of a criminal offence;

 

 

5.5.6

Insolvency proceedings are opened over the assets of the Beneficiary or the opening of such proceedings is refused due to a lack of assets; and

 

 

5.5.7

Compulsory enforcement measures are initiated by creditors of the Beneficiary with respect to the legal interests of the Beneficiary under or in connection with this Option Program 2016 and are not set aside within one month.

Section 6

Call Option Exercise

 

6.1

Subject to Section 7.3 below, each Call Option Tranche can be exercised (fully or partially) upon the occurrence of an Exit (“ Exercisable Call Option Tranches ”) but not before the grant pursuant to Section 4 and Section 5 above.

 

6.2

The Exercisable Call Option Tranches shall be exercised by the Beneficiary by written declaration to the Partnership. The Exercisable Call Option Tranches are to be exercised within one (1) week after the Partnership has informed the Beneficiary in writing about any (imminent) Exit including the material conditions of such or the Beneficiary has otherwise obtained knowledge of such Exit (“ Exit Exercise Period ”). Should an Exit not take place, despite an imminent Exit being announced by the Partnership, Exercisable Call Option Tranches are deemed not to have been exercised; in such case, the Exercisable Call Option Tranches continue to exist and all benefits already received by the Beneficiary due to the exercise of the Exercisable Call Option Tranches shall be returned by the Beneficiary in a way to be determined mutually between the Beneficiary and the Partnership.

 

6.3

Regardless of whether the Call Option has become exercisable pursuant to Section 6.1 above, upon the request of the Partnership, which the Partnership may declare to the Beneficiary in case of an imminent Exit, or at any time during a period of six (6) months from the occurrence of a Good Leaver Case, the Beneficiary is obliged to exercise within two (2) weeks (“ Exercise Period ”) all Call Option Tranches which have not yet expired or lapsed. If the Beneficiary does not exercise the respective Call Option Tranches within the Exercise Period, all Call Option Tranches shall expire without replacement one (1) week after a written warning of the Partnership.

 

6.4

If and to the extent that the Beneficiary has exercised the Exercisable Call Option Tranches effectively and in due time, the Partnership shall procure that its partners (i) adopt a partners’ resolution in order to grant the Beneficiary the respective Call Option Capital Participation (“ Option Capital Increase ”) and (ii) carry out all actions and submit all declarations necessary for the implementation of the Option Capital Increase. In case of an Exit, the Partnership shall use its best effort to ensure that the Beneficiary has the opportunity to contribute its acquired Call Option Capital Participation to Holding against issuance of new shares in Holding (“ Call Option Shares ”).

 

6.5

The right to receive the Call Option Capital Participation can (upon election of the Partnership) also be satisfied by (i) the sale and assignment of an appropriate amount of the Capital Participation of a limited partner nominated by the Partnership to the Beneficiary against payment of the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1) (“ Option Purchase ”) or (ii) the payment of a cash settlement in the amount of the hypothetical net proceeds attributable to the Call Option Shares upon an Exit (“ Cash Settlement ”) (fulfillment in lieu of performance; Leistung an Erfüllungs statt ).

 

 

6.5.1

In case of an Option Purchase, the liability of the respective seller is restricted only to the ownership of the transferred Capital Participation.

 

 

6.5.2

The amount of the Cash Settlement shall be determined as follows: (i) prior to an IPO on the basis of the last documented valuation of Holding (e.g. in the course of a capital increase or a share transfer)


  or, in case the last documented valuation of Holding is older than six (6) months, on the basis of a valuation report from a neutral expert mandated by Holding and (ii) after an IPO on the basis of the average closing price, weighted by trade volume, of the shares of Holding at the respective German stock exchange at which the shares of Holding are listed for trade in a regulated market (in case of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange the respective closing price of the XETRA-Trade is decisive) determined for the 30 trading days prior to the occurrence of the request to redeem from Holding. In case that within 90 days after the request to redeem from Holding (i) an Exit or (ii) an IPO has taken place on the basis of a higher valuation of Holding than the one which was the basis for the determination of the market value of the Call Option or the claim for delivery of the shares for purposes of the Cash Settlement, Holding shall put the Beneficiary in such a position as if the Cash Settlement had been granted to the Beneficiary on the basis of such higher valuation of Holding.

 

6.6

If the Beneficiary has exercised the Exercisable Call Option Tranches in due time and effectively, he is obliged to submit without undue delay all declarations and to take all measures in order to implement the Option Capital Increase or the Option Purchase. This includes the conclusion of purchase and assignment agreements, partnership agreements and the payment of the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1) and the Advance Tax Payment (as defined below). The Partnership can also request that the Beneficiary provides evidence that he has the required funds at his disposal for the payment of the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1) and the Advance Tax Payment (as defined below). If the Beneficiary does not meet these obligations, despite being given an additional deadline to do so, the Exercisable Call Option Tranches shall expire without compensation. Should the Beneficiary evidently not be in a position to fund the Advance Tax Payment (as defined below) and/or the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1), the Beneficiary and the Partnership shall cooperate in good faith to find an appropriate solution (e.g. in the form of a pre-financing or purchase of option rights).

Section 7

Partnership Agreement, Cooperation in the Course of an Exit / Reorganisation

 

7.1

Prior to the Option Capital Increase or the Option Purchase the Beneficiary shall (i) grant an irrevocable general power of attorney ( unwiderrufliche Vollmacht ) for applications for entry to the commercial register of the Partnership to the general partner of the Partnership (surviving such Beneficiary’s death), certified ( beglaubigt ) by a German notary public substantially in the form as set forth in Annex 7.1 , and (ii) accede to the then applicable partnership agreement of the Partnership. The Beneficiary shall accede to such agreement as a limited partner and not as a party benefitting from special investor or founders rights and shall in particular assume all obligations incumbent on him as such a party under such an agreement. Prior to the subscription of Call Option Shares the Beneficiary shall accede to the then applicable shareholders’ agreement relating to Holding.

 

7.2

If the shareholders of Holding agree to effect an IPO, the Beneficiary undertakes to take all actions and measures necessary or useful for the conduct of an IPO, including, but without limitation, to agree to any transformation or restructuring of Holding.

 

7.3

The Beneficiary shall not be entitled, if requested by the Partnership, Holding and/or the underwriters of the IPO, to exercise the Exercisable Call Option Tranches or sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of the Call Option Shares actually acquired for such period, not to exceed three hundred sixty five (365) calendar days following the effective date of the relevant registration statement filed in connection with the IPO. The Beneficiary shall be obliged to sign any further lock-up agreements necessary or useful to consummate the IPO.

 

7.4

The Partnership may also make the Option Capital Increase or the execution of an Option Purchase dependent on the Beneficiary’s binding declaration with respect to the Call Option Shares, that he (i) sells all of his acquired Call Option Shares subject to the (proportionally) same conditions as the other shareholders in the context of an Exit if and insofar as the majority of shareholders requests this, (ii) will cooperate in a sale of substantially all of the assets of Holding, (iii) subjects himself or herself to appropriate lock-up periods in the context of an IPO and (iv) will cooperate with regard to all measures


  which at the reasonable discretion of Holding are necessary or expedient for the implementation of an Exit (i.e. continuance of services or employment, granting customary management representations and warranties etc.).

 

7.5

In case of a restructuring of Holding and/or the Partnership, the Beneficiary undertakes to take all actions and measures necessary or useful for the restructuring, including to vote in favor of a conversion of their Call Option into a comparable option it the new company, provided such new option does not have adverse effects on the Beneficiary.

Section 8

Virtual Dividends

 

8.1

If the Partnership intends to distribute any dividends to the partners of the Partnership, the Beneficiary shall be entitled to receive from the Partnership a cash payment in the amount as calculated below (“ Virtual Dividends ”):

 

LOGO

VD = Virtual Dividends

VC = Amount of Call Option Capital Participation of the respective individual Beneficiary relating to the Call Option Tranches which have been actually granted pursuant to Section 4 and Section 5 above, but not yet exercised (“ Granted Call Option Tranches ”).

AC = Total amount of Call Option Capital Participation of all Beneficiaries relating to all Granted Call Option Tranches.

D = Aggregate amount of dividends to be distributed by the Partnership.

SC = Overall Capital Participations of the Partnership at such point in time at which the dividends shall be distributed by the Partnership.

EP = Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1) relating to the Granted Call Option Tranches

 

8.2

The Virtual Dividends shall be paid to the Beneficiary at the same time at which the dividends are distributed to the partners of the Partnership.

 

8.3

In case of an Option Capital Increase after a distribution of Virtual Dividends, the Beneficiary shall not be obliged to pay the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1) for such amount of the Call Option Capital Participation relating to Call Option Tranches granted at such point in time the Virtual Dividends have been paid.

Section 9

Bad Leaver Call Option

 

9.1

Subject to the condition precedent that a Bad Leaver Case (“ Condition Precedent ”) occurs, the Partnership shall be entitled vis-à-vis the Beneficiary to exercise a call option (“ Bad Leaver Call Option ”) pursuant to the conditions set out below.

 

9.2

Subject to the Condition Precedent the Beneficiary (i) hereby irrevocably offers to resell and transfer the overall Call Option Capital Participation actually acquired by the Beneficiary by exercising the Exercisable Call Option Tranches (such Capital Participation hereinafter referred to as the “ Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation ”), provided the Beneficiary still holds these at the time the Bad Leaver Case occurs (such offer “ Bad Leaver Call Option Offer ”) and (ii) undertakes to pay back any Virtual Dividends the Beneficiary has received from the Partnership.

 

9.3

The Partnership may exercise the Bad Leaver Call Option within eight (8) weeks of obtaining knowledge of the occurrence of a Bad Leaver Case (“ Bad Leaver Call Option Period ”) (i) with respect to the Bad


  Leaver Call Option Capital Participation by accepting the Bad Leaver Call Option Offer from the Beneficiary by means of a written declaration (“ Acceptance ”) and (ii) with respect to the Virtual Dividends by written notice to the Beneficiary stating the respective amount of Virtual Dividends the Beneficiary is obliged to pay back to the Partnership. The Acceptance does not have to be received by the Beneficiary. The Beneficiary is, however, to be sent a copy of the Acceptance without undue delay.

 

9.4

For the purpose of the Bad Leaver Call Option with respect to the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation, the Beneficiary hereby already irrevocably authorizes each of the current partners of the Partnership at that point in time under release from the restrictions of Section 181 German Civil Code ( BGB ) to submit and accept all further necessary or desirable declarations in connection with the purchase/sale and transfer of the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation (including, if necessary, a resolution regarding the splitting of the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation). The Partnership shall procure that the partners (i) consent to the sale and transfer, and (ii) adopt appropriate resolutions (including, if necessary, a resolution regarding the splitting of the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation).

 

9.5

The purchase price for the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation corresponds to the Exercise Price (as adjusted pursuant to Section 4.1).

 

9.6

In case of a Bad Leaver Case the Beneficiary shall not dispose of the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation before the expiry of the Bad Leaver Call Option Period, in particular not sell or pledge the Bad Leaver Call Option Capital Participation. This also applies accordingly to the granting of trusteeships, sub-participations and/or silent participations. In the event of any breach of the obligations under this Section 9.6 the Beneficiary hereby already offers the Partnership the purchase and acquisition of the Call Option Capital Participation in accordance with this Section 9.

 

9.7

Section 9 does not apply after an IPO.

Section 10

Term, Adjustment

 

10.1

The Option Program 2016 shall be implemented by the Partnership upon the consent of Holding.

 

10.2

The Option Program 2016 shall commence on 1 January 2016 (the “ Start Date ”) and shall remain in effect for an indefinite period of time. The Partnership may terminate the Option Program 2016 at any time for Call Options not yet granted in accordance herewith, with effect for the future.

 

10.3

Any amendments and additions to this Option Program 2016 require the approval of Holding. Any such approved amendments and additions must be made in writing to be effective. This shall also apply to a waiver of the written form requirement.

 

10.4

In the event of any distribution, combination or exchange of the Capital Participation, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation, reorganization of the Partnership, or any other change affecting the Capital Participation, the Partnership shall make such proportionate and equitable adjustments, if any, to reflect such change with respect to (a) the aggregate number and type of the Capital Participation that may be issued under the Option Program 2016 (b) the terms and conditions of any outstanding Call Options (including, without limitation, any applicable performance targets or criteria with respect thereto); and (c) the grant or exercise price per Call Option Capital Participation for any outstanding Call Option under the Option Program 2016. The form and manner of any such adjustments shall be approved by the board of directors of the Partnership.

 

10.5

At its sole discretion the Partnership may, at any time, substitute the Option Program 2016 with another employee participation program or incentive compensation plan, which may be established by the Partnership, a holding company or an affiliate, providing equivalent benefits to the Beneficiaries as granted under this present Option Program 2016.


Section 11

Miscellaneous Provisions

 

11.1

The Call Options are granted on a voluntary basis. Even a recurrent grant of Call Options to individual Beneficiaries does not constitute any claim for a future allowance of Call Options ( keine betriebliche Übung ).

 

11.2

This Option Program 2016 in connection with the Certificate contains all of the terms and conditions with respect to the grant of a Call Option in the relationship between the Partnership and the Beneficiary and supersedes and replaces in its entirety any and all prior written or oral agreements between them in this regard. No ancillary agreements exist between the Partnership and the Beneficiary with regard to the subject matter of this Option Program 2016.

 

11.3

Any disposal of the rights granted to the Beneficiary by the Certificate in connection with this Option Program 2016, insofar as these have not expired or lapsed, in particular any transfer, is only valid with the prior written approval of the Partnership. The same applies to economically comparable measures such as the granting of sub-participations or the establishment of trust relationships.

 

11.4

The Partnership shall be entitled to gather, process and/or use personal data to the extent required to implement the Option Program 2016 and the Beneficiary agrees thereto by signing the Certificate. To the extent legally permissible, the Beneficiary shall be obliged to give additional approvals in relation to data protection in the required form.

 

11.5

Direct or indirect taxes (including wage tax or VAT) and social insurance contributions, if such arise in connection with an Option Capital Increase or an Option Purchase or a Cash Payment or a Virtual Dividend are to be borne by the Beneficiary in accordance with the applicable statutory provisions. The Beneficiary is aware that he may be obliged to provide the Partnership with a tax and contribution amount which is incurred due to the Option Capital Increase or an Option Purchase and is not covered by his monthly salary at the Relevant Enterprise (“ Advance Tax Payment ”). The last sentence of Section 6.6 remains unaffected.

 

11.6

The Beneficiary shall not, during or after his employment, disclose the content of this Option Program 2016 or any details of the Option Program 2016 to any other person or entity, unless the Partnership has expressly authorized him to do so. This includes all information or types of information that relate to the Call Option.

 

11.7

Should any provisions of the Option Program 2016 be or become completely or partially invalid or unenforceable, this shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Option Program 2016. The same applies in the event of any omissions in this Option Program 2016. In lieu of the invalid or unenforceable provision or to remedy the omission such appropriate and permissible provision should apply which comes as close as possible to the economic intent.

This Option Program 2016 is governed by the laws of Germany with exclusive jurisdiction – to the extent legally permissible – of the courts of Berlin. Place of performance shall be the registered seat of the Partnership.

Table of Contents

Exhibit 10.5

Jumia Technologies AG

Stock Option Program 2019

- Terms and Conditions -

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Table of Contents

     2  

Recitals

     3  

§ 1

 

Eligibility

     3  

§ 2

 

Plan Volume and Grant of Stock Options

     4  

§ 3

 

Exercise Price

     5  

§ 4

 

Exercise Conditions

     5  

§ 5

 

Performance Target

     5  

§ 6

 

Vesting

     6  

§ 7

 

Waiting Period and Exercise Period

     7  

§ 8

 

Exercise Notice; Accession to Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement

     8  

§ 9

 

Extraordinary Developments

     8  

§ 10

 

Dividend Entitlement

     9  

§ 11

 

Expiry Date of the Stock Options

     9  

§ 12

 

Consequences of a Termination or Transition of Employment Relationship or of an Irrevocable Release

     10  

§ 13

 

Transferability

     11  

§ 14

 

Adjustment in Case of Specific Capital and Other Structural Measures

     11  

§ 15

 

Change of Control

     12  

§ 16

 

Limitation of Liability

     13  

§ 17

 

Taxes, Social Security and Costs

     13  

§ 18

 

Insider Trading and Black-Out Periods

     14  

§ 19

 

Form Requirements, Notices

     15  

§ 20

 

Data Protection

     15  

§ 21

 

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

     16  

§ 22

 

Final Provisions

     16  

 

 

 

 

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Recitals

 

(A)

The participation of the management and key employees in the long-term economic risks and opportunities of the relevant business operation is an important component of an internationally competitive remuneration system.

 

(B)

For this purpose, Jumia Technologies AG (the “ Company ”) intends to implement a stock option program (the “ SOP 2019 ”) to grant stock options to members of the management board of the Company (the “ Management Board ”) and key employees of the Company as well as to members of the management and key employees of companies affiliated with the Company within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz , the “ AktG ”) (each an “ Affiliated Company ” and together the “ Affiliated Companies ”). The SOP 2019 shall entitle each of the beneficiaries to acquire a specified number of ordinary bearer shares with no-par value ( auf den Inhaber lautende Stammstückaktien ) of the Company with a pro rata amount in the share capital of the Company of EUR 1.00 per share (each a “ Share ” and together the “ Shares ”).

 

(C)

With resolution dated 15 February 2019 (the “ SOP Resolution ”) the Company’s general meeting ( Hauptversammlung ) authorized the Management Board and – with respect to the members of the Management Board – the supervisory board of the Company (the “ Supervisory Board ”) to grant in total 2,692,876 stock options (each a “ Stock Option ” and together the “ Stock Options ”) to the beneficiaries. The same general meeting also created a conditional capital ( bedingtes Kapital ) of up to EUR 2,692,876.00 (the “ Conditional Capital  2019/I ”) in order to fund the Stock Options. The general meeting has authorized the Management Board, and with respect to members of the Management Board the Supervisory Board, to determine the further details of the SOP 2019, in particular concerning the grant of Stock Options and the relevant terms and conditions in accordance with the parameters set forth in the SOP Resolution.

 

(D)

These terms and conditions (the “ Rules ”) establish the rules pursuant to which the Stock Options under the SOP 2019 can be granted and exercised.

§ 1

Eligibility

 

(1)

Under the SOP 2019, Stock Options may be granted only to the following groups of beneficiaries:

 

 

(a)

members of the Management Board (“ Group 1 ”);

 

 

(b)

selected employees of the Company (“ Group 2 ”);

 

 

(c)

members of the management of Affiliated Companies (“ Group 3 ”); and

 

 

(d)

selected employees of Affiliated Companies (“ Group 4 ”).

Each beneficiary, who is not a member of the Management Board (each member of the Management Board an “ MB ” and collectively the “ MBs ”) or the management of an Affiliated Company, must be considered by the Management Board – in its sole discretion – a key expert (independent of a grade).

 

(2)

The Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, will – in its sole discretion – designate the individuals to whom Stock Options under the SOP 2019 will be granted (the “ Participants ” and each a “ Participant ”) as well as the amount of Stock Options to be granted to the respective Participant.

 

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§ 2

Plan Volume and Grant of Stock Options

 

(1)

The aggregate number of Stock Options which may be granted under the SOP 2019 is 2,692,876. The aggregate number of Stock Options may be allocated to the groups of beneficiaries as follows:

 

 

(a)

Group 1 shall receive up to 269,288 Stock Options;

 

 

(b)

Group 2 shall receive no Stock Options;

 

 

(c)

Group 3 shall receive up to 807,863 Stock Options; and

 

 

(d)

Group 4 shall receive up to 1,615,725 Stock Options.

Participants that belong to several groups of beneficiaries as set out in § 1  (1) shall be granted Stock Options only with respect to their belonging to one of the groups of beneficiaries and only from the number of Stock Options allocated to the respective group of beneficiaries as set forth in the foregoing sentence. The Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, will – in its sole discretion – decide the attribution of such Participant to the respective group of beneficiaries.

 

(2)

The Stock Options will be granted to each Participant by a separate grant agreement ( Zuteilungsvereinbarung ). Any grant of Stock Options is subject to a continuing and unterminated ( ungekündigt ) service or employment relationship between the relevant Participant and the Company or an Affiliated Company at the relevant Grant Date (as defined under § 2  (3) below).

 

(3)

Stock Options may be granted to the Participants in one or more tranches:

 

 

(a)

after the registration of the Conditional Capital 2019 in the German commercial register ( Handelsregister ) until 31 December 2019 (“ Initial Grant Period ”); and

 

 

(b)

subsequently:

 

 

(i)

prior to an initial admission of the Shares of the Company or the American Depository Shares of the Company representing an equivalent ownership interest in such Shares of the Company (the “ ADS ”) to trading on a stock exchange (the “ Listing ”): within three (3) weeks after the publication of the annual accounts of the Company;

 

 

(ii)

after a Listing: within three (3) weeks after the publication of a quarterly financial report, a half year report or the annual accounts of the Company

(each a “ Subsequent Grant Period ”).

Participants who for the first time enter into a service or employment agreement with the Company or an Affiliated Company can, at the time of signing of the service or employment agreement, be promised a grant of Stock Options during one of the aforementioned grant periods at a later point in time.

The date on which a grant becomes effective, which shall be the date of the signing of the relevant grant agreement or a later effective date specified therein, is referred to as the “ Grant Date ”.

 

(4)

Subject to (i) a forfeiture or a reduction of the number of Stock Options pursuant to § 6 and/or § 12 below and (ii) to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions set forth in these Rules, each Stock Option granted under the SOP 2019 entitles the Participant holding such Stock Option to acquire one (1) Share in the Company against payment of the Exercise Price ( § 3 ).

 

(5)

In fulfilment of the Stock Options the Company, represented by the Management Board (with respect to MBs by the Supervisory Board), may, at its sole discretion:

 

 

(a)

deliver the number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Options are being exercised (the “ Exercise Shares ”) out of the Conditional Capital 2019 or from treasury shares or from a combination of both, in case and upon a Listing of ADS of the Company on a stock exchange to the depositary of the Company (from time to time) (the “ Depositary ”) and the Depositary shall be

 

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  instructed to deliver to the Participant ADS representing an ownership interest in such Exercise Shares and cause the ADS (to the extent not already on deposit) to be included in the book entry transfer system managed by The Depository Trust Company and to be credited to the securities account of the Participant with The Depositary Trust Company or directly or indirectly a participant thereof. Upon such ADSs being so credited, the Exercise Shares shall be considered to have been issued by the Company to the Participant without any further action being required (such procedure the “ Issuance ”); and/or

 

 

(b)

instead of the delivery of all or some of the Exercise Shares make a cash payment to the Participant in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the product of the closing price ( Schlusskurs ) of the ADS on the New York Stock Exchange (or a comparable successor system) multiplied by the number of ADS representing an ownership interest in one Exercise Share (if applicable) (the “ Relevant Closing Price ”) on the day of receipt of the Exercise Notice (as defined under § 8(1) below) by the Company multiplied by the aggregate number of Exercised Shares to be settled in cash over (ii) the Exercise Price ( § 3 ) multiplied by the aggregate number of Exercise Shares to be settled in cash or, in case the Participant has already paid to the Company the Exercise Price for all Exercise Shares to be settled in cash, EUR 0.

§ 3

Exercise Price

The price at which one (1) Share may be issued upon exercise of one (1) Stock Option (the “ Exercise Price ”) is EUR 1.00 as adjusted pursuant to § 14 below.

§ 4

Exercise Conditions

Any exercise of the Stock Options requires satisfaction of all of the following conditions (the “ Exercise Conditions ”):

 

 

(a)

the Performance Target ( § 5 ) has been reached;

 

 

(b)

the relevant Stock Options have vested ( § 6 (2) );

 

 

(c)

the applicable Waiting Period ( § 7(1) ) has expired;

 

 

(d)

an Exercise Period ( § 7 (2) ) has started and not yet ended;

 

 

(e)

the exercise has not been temporarily suspended in accordance with § 18 (2) ;

 

 

(f)

the Expiry Date ( § 11 (2) ) for the Stock Options to be exercised has not passed; and

 

 

(g)

the Participant accedes to the shareholders’ agreement regarding the Company concluded between all shareholders of the Company on 18 December 2018 (Deed Roll No. R 1076/2018 of the notary Hans-Hermann Rösch, Berlin) as amended or restated from time to time, (the “ Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement ”), if a Listing has not occurred until the date of exercise of the Stock Options ( § 8   (3) ).

§ 5

Performance Target

 

(1)

For purposes of this § 5 :

 

 

(a)

GMV ” means Gross Merchandise Volume; and

 

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(b)

Jumia Group ” means the Company and any company included in the consolidated financial statements ( Konzernabschluss ) of the Company at the relevant point in time.

 

(2)

Stock Options may only be exercised if at least the following criteria is met:

The average annual growth rate (previous business year compared to current business year) of the GMV of Jumia Group, expressed in local currency (adjusted for inflation and local currency exchange rates), amounts to at least 10 % during the four years of the Waiting Period ( § 7  (1) ), i.e. individual years may show a higher or lower growth rate as long as the four-year-average growth rate is at least 10%

(the “ Minimum Performance Target ”).

 

(3)

The Management Board is entitled, with the prior approval of the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, and in the absence of a Compensation Committee, the Supervisory Board, to determine – in addition to the Minimum Performance Target – one or more additional performance targets (e.g. certain relevant benchmarks such as growth, profitability and/or KPI targets) for each grant of Stock Options to Participants (the “ Additional Performance Targets ”; Minimum Performance Target and Additional Performance Targets each also a “ Performance Target ”). With respect to MBs the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, and in the absence of a Compensation Committee, the Supervisory Board is entitled – in its sole discretion – to determine Additional Performance Targets for each grant of Stock Options to Participants.

 

(4)

If the Performance Target is not achieved by the end of the Waiting Period( § 7 (1) ), all Stock Options granted shall forfeit completely without any further consideration.

§ 6

Vesting

 

(1)

For the purpose of this § 6 :

 

 

(a)

Scheduled Vesting Date ” means the date on which the Stock Options will vest pursuant to § 6 (2) ;

 

 

(b)

Partial Vesting Period ” means the twelve months period ending on a Scheduled Vesting Date that include (parts of) a Suspension Period; and

 

 

(c)

Suspension Period ” means an uninterrupted period for which the employment relationship of the respective Participant has been suspended ( ruhendes Arbeitsverhältnis ) without entitlement to continued remuneration ( ohne Entgeltfortzahlung ) (the “ Suspension ”) due to e.g. sickness, parental leave, nursing care ( Pflegezeit ), military service, sabbatical or comparable grounds.

 

(2)

Subject to § 6 (4) to § 6  (6) and § 12 of these Rules, the Stock Options granted to a Participant will vest and – subject to the fulfilment of the further Exercise Conditions – become exercisable in one or several tranches in accordance with a vesting schedule in accordance with § 6  (3) and subject to the following minimum conditions:

 

 

(a)

the vesting schedule shall provide for a cliff of at least six (6) months after the Grant Date before the first tranche of the Stock Options shall vest; and

 

 

(b)

the vesting schedule shall provide for the Stock Options to vest over a time period of at least four (4) years with respect to grants which value exceeds EUR 200,000.00 on the Grant Date (the amount of which shall be calculated based upon the Relevant Closing Price on the Grant Date, if applicable, multiplied with the number of granted Stock Options).

 

(3)

Subject to the minimum conditions pursuant to § 6 (2) and with the prior approval of the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, and in the absence of a Compensation Committee, the Supervisory Board, the Management Board will determine relevant criteria for the vesting schedule and may, inter alia, determine certain operational or other performance criteria (e.g. certain relevant benchmarks such as

 

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  growth, profitability and/or KPI targets) or time criteria for such vesting schedule and will also take into account the overall pool of Stock Options remaining available. The Management Board shall decide – in its sole discretion – on each specific grant of Stock Options to Participants within the limits set by the prior approval of the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board or the Supervisory Board (as applicable) – always subject to the minimum conditions pursuant to § 6  (2) . With respect to MBs, the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, and in the absence of a Compensation Committee, the Supervisory Board shall – in its sole discretion – determine such vesting schedule for each grant of Stock Options to Participants subject to the minimum conditions pursuant to § 6  (2) .

 

(4)

In case of a Suspension: (i) the vesting pursuant to § 6 (2) will remain unaffected for a period up to (and including) the first (1 st ) month of the Suspension Period; and (ii) for any part of the Suspension Period exceeding one (1) month no Stock Options will vest and the number of Stock Options that vest on a Scheduled Vesting Date (the “ N v ”) shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

 

N v

  

=

  

N i – [(D SP / 360) x N i ]

N i

  

=

  

number of Stock Options that would vest pursuant to § 6 (2) on the relevant Scheduled Vesting Date (the “ Relevant Vesting Date ”) in the absence of a Suspension

D SP

  

=

  

number of days of Suspension exceeding the first (1st) month of the Suspension Period (to the extent such first (1st) month falls within the Partial Vesting Period as opposed to prior Partial Vesting Periods) during the Partial Vesting Period ending on the Relevant Vesting Date; each full month of the Suspension Period shall be calculated with 30 days

Any fractions shall be rounded down to the next full number; such fractions shall be carried forward and be taken into account when calculating the number of Stock Options vested on the next Scheduled Vesting Date. Any fractions of a Stock Option remaining on the Final Vesting Date shall be compensated by the Company by way of a cash payment, the amount of which shall be calculated pursuant to § 2  (5)(b) based upon the Relevant Closing Price on the Final Vesting Date. All of the Stock Options that are not vested in accordance with this § 6  (4) on the Relevant Vesting Date (excluding fractions carried forward or compensated, as the case may be, pursuant to the previous two sentences) will be forfeited without entitlement to compensation.

For the avoidance of doubt, after the end of a Suspension and subject to § 6  (4) and § 6  (5) and § 12 of these Rules any unvested and not forfeited Stock Options will continue to vest in accordance with the vesting schedule determined by the Management Board or with respect to MBs by the Supervisory Board.

 

(5)

If after a grant a Participant reduces on his or her own initiative his or her contractual working time ( vertragliche Arbeitszeit ) (compared to the working time as per the relevant Grant Date), the number of Stock Options vesting on each of the Scheduled Vesting Dates following this reduction shall be reduced in proportion to the reduction of the contractual working time. For the avoidance of doubt, the number of vesting Stock Options shall be reduced pursuant to sentence 1 only for the time period during which the contractual working time is reduced. Any Stock Options that will not vest in accordance with the previous sentence will be forfeited without entitlement to compensation.

 

(6)

The Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, in its sole discretion may grant all or a portion of the Stock Options forfeited pursuant to § 6 (4) to the relevant Participant again (as a subsequent grant within the meaning of § 2  (3)  (b)) if in the case of § 6   (4) the suspension of the employment relationship has ended.

§ 7

Waiting Period and Exercise Period

 

(1)

The waiting period until the date on which the Stock Options may initially be exercised is four (4) years commencing on the Grant Date (the “ Waiting Period ”).

 

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(2)

Subject to § 5 and after the expiry of the Waiting Period, all vested Stock Options may be exercised only

 

 

(a)

prior to a Listing: within three (3) weeks after the publication of a half year report or the annual accounts of the Company; and

 

 

(b)

following a Listing: within three (3) weeks after the publication of a quarterly financial report, a half year report or the annual accounts of the Company

(each an “ Exercise Period ”). Any exercise of Stock Options must be conducted in compliance with all applicable Insider Trading Rules (as defined in § 18  (1) below).

§ 8

Exercise Notice; Accession to Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement

 

(1)

Subject to the fulfilment of the Exercise Conditions, the Participant may exercise all or part of his or her Stock Options in writing or by email (the “ Exercise Notice ”). The Exercise Notice has to be addressed to:

 

 

(a)

in case of an MB: the chairperson ( Vorsitzender ) of the Supervisory Board; and

 

 

(b)

in any other case: the Management Board ( Vorstand )

It has to state the number of Stock Options that are exercised and the number of Shares to be delivered by Issuance (see § 2  (5)  (a) above) following the exercise. With receipt of the Exercise Notice the Company initiates the Issuance for the number of Shares for which Stock Options are exercised.

 

(2)

The Exercise Notice shall be accompanied by sufficient funds for the Exercise Price and further expenses payable in respect of the number of exercised Stock Options and by sufficient funds for the estimated payroll taxes and employee social security contributions (if any) due and to be withheld on exercise by the Company, or any similar taxes and duties. The Shares will not be transferred to the Participant or the Depositary (as applicable) until full payment of the Exercise Price including taxes and social security contributions if and to the extent applicable.

 

(3)

The Exercise Notice must contain the declaration of the Participant that he/she accedes to the Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement regarding the Company, if a Listing has not occurred until the date of the Exercise Notice. The Shares will only be transferred to the Participant or the Depositary (as applicable) after the Participant has acceded to the Post-Conversion Shareholders’ Agreement regarding the Company.

§ 9

Extraordinary Developments

 

(1)

For purposes of this § 9 , “ Extraordinary Events or Developments ” means – always subject to mandatory law – situations where the potential gain realized by the Participant upon the exercise of Stock Options (i) is caused by unusual external events and developments and (ii) cannot be reasonably justified under any circumstances by the development or business perspective of the Company, also taking into account international remuneration and incentive standards. For the avoidance of doubt, the exercise of Stock Options by the Participant, as such, that results in an economic benefit for the Participant, does not constitute an Extraordinary Event or Development.

 

(2)

In case of Extraordinary Events or Developments, the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, is entitled to adjust upon receipt of an Exercise Notice by the Company in its discretion ( pflichtgem ä ß es Ermessen ) the payout, in order to adequately limit ( begrenzen ) or eliminate, as the case may be, the effects of such Extraordinary Events or Developments. For the avoidance of doubt, such adjustment shall not result in a reduction or withdrawal of the Participant’s economic benefit achieved under the SOP 2019 prior to the occurrence of such Extraordinary Events or Developments. In any such case, § 87 (1) AktG must be observed.

 

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§ 10

Dividend Entitlement

 

(1)

For the purpose of this § 10 :

 

 

(a)

Current Market Value per Share ” means the Relevant Closing Price on the Dividend Distribution Date;

 

 

(b)

Dividend Distribution Date ” means a day on which the Company’s general meeting resolves on the distribution of dividends to the shareholders of the Company; and

 

 

(c)

Specified Number of Stock Options ” means the total number of vested unexercised Stock Options held by the Participant (taking into account any reduction of such number according to § 12 ) on the Dividend Distribution Date.

 

(2)

The Stock Options held, vested and not yet exercised by the Participant shall entitle the Participant to an annual cash bonus (in each case a “ Dividend Bonus ”) to be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

[(CMV-Exercise Price per Share) x N SO / (CMV- EUR 1)] x DpS

CMV = Current Market Value per Share

N SO = Specified Number of Stock Options

DpS = dividend per Share paid by the Company to the Company’s shareholders

In the event that more than one dividend distribution is made in the course of a calendar year, the Dividend Bonus shall be the sum of the Dividend Bonuses earned on account of each dividend distribution by applying the formula set forth in the previous sentence individually for each such dividend distribution within a calendar year.

 

(3)

The Dividend Bonus shall be determined by the Management Board, and with respect to MBs by the Supervisory Board, within the first three calendar months following the end of the calendar year to which the Dividend Bonus relates (the “ Determination Period ”).

 

(4)

The Dividend Bonus will be paid out to the relevant Participant only:

 

 

(a)

to the extent the Participant has duly exercised his or her Stock Options for which a Dividend Bonus has been earned; and

 

 

(b)

after one month of the end of the next Determination Period following the exercise of the Stock Options;

subject to any taxes and/or employee social security contributions (if any) due and to be withheld by the Company, or any similar taxes and duties. For the avoidance of doubt, the Participant shall not be entitled to a Dividend Bonus payment for any Stock Options that have not been exercised.

 

(5)

The entitlement to the Dividend Bonus shall survive the termination of the Participant’s office and service agreement as member of the Management Board or, in any other case, of the Participant’s service or employment agreement (as the case may be) to the extent that the Participant still holds Stock Options not yet exercised and not forfeited pursuant to these Rules.

§ 11

Expiry Date of the Stock Options

 

(1)

The Stock Options will not expire until the Listing occurs.

 

(2)

After the Listing has occurred, all unexercised Stock Options will expire without compensation seven (7) consecutive years following the expiration of the Waiting Period (the “ Expiry Date ”).

 

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(3)

Notwithstanding anything contained in these Rules, in no case will a Stock Option be exercisable later than the Expiry Date provided, however, that if the term of a Stock Option expires during a Black-Out Period ( § 18 (2) ) or within ten (10) Trading Days after the date on which the Black-Out Period ends, then the term of such Stock Option will be extended to the date on which the next Exercise Period after the expiry of Black-Out Period ends. “ Trading Day ” means a day other than a Saturday or Sunday or public holiday on which the stock exchange where the Shares/ADS are listed is open for trading.

 

(4)

For the avoidance of doubt, after the Expiry Date the entitlement to the Dividend Bonus pursuant to § 10 shall lapse without compensation.

§ 12

Consequences of a Termination or Transition of Employment Relationship or of an Irrevocable Release

 

(1)

The Stock Options granted to a Participant will irrevocably cease to vest, and all of the unvested Stock Options will be forfeited without entitlement to compensation, at the date (the “ Cancelation Date ”) upon which one or more of the events specified under § 12 (1) (a) to § 12  (1)  (d) (each a “ Cancelation Event ”) occur:

 

 

(a)

whatever event is the earliest: (i) a notice of termination of the service or employment relationship by the Company or an Affiliated Company (as the case may be) or by the respective Participant is received by the other party, (ii) a termination agreement between the Company or an Affiliated Company (as the case may be) on the one side and the respective Participant on the other side is signed by both parties (unless a different date is agreed upon in such agreement, in which case such date shall be the Cancelation Date) or (iii) the service employment relationship has ended. This § 12 (1) (a) shall not apply if the employment relationship is, without any interruption, continued between the respective Participant and an Affiliated Company or the Company, as the case may be;

 

 

(b)

transition of the employment relationship to a new employing entity which is not an Affiliated Company or the Company, as the case may be, such transition resulting from a transfer of business ( Betriebs- oder Betriebsteilübergang ), or the company at which the relevant Participant is employed ceases to be an Affiliated Company;

 

 

(c)

the respective Participant is irrevocably released ( unwiderruflich freigestellt ) from his or her obligation to work; and/or

 

 

(d)

notwithstanding § 12 (1) (a) , the respective Participant has ceased holding his or her office as member of the Management Board of the Company.

 

(2)

If a Cancelation Event occurs and:

 

 

(a)

the relevant Participant’s service or employment relationship with the Company or an Affiliated Company (as the case may be) ends due to:

 

 

(i)

in case of an MB: the Participant’s voluntary resignation from office ( Amtsniederlegung ) prior to the regular end of his or her term of office and the Participant taking up employment with or assume an active management position or a remunerated consultant role with a direct competitor undertaking within six (6) months after the resignation; or

 

 

(ii)

in case of an MB: a revocation from office ( Widerruf der Bestellung ) by the Company in circumstances where there are grounds justifying a termination of the service relationship for good cause within the meaning of § 626 of the German Civil Code ( Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch – “ BGB ”) irrespective of the preclusion period pursuant to § 626 (2) BGB; or

 

 

(iii)

in case of Participants not being an MB: a termination for good cause of the employment contract ( außerordentliche Kündigung ) by the Company or an Affiliated Company (as the case may be) within the meaning of § 626 BGB (or the equivalent provision of applicable foreign law);

 

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(iv)

notwithstanding any of the above, any termination of the service agreement or employment contract within four (4) years following the Listing, regardless of whether it is terminated by a Participant, by the Company, by an Affiliated Company or by mutual agreement; with regard to members of the Management Board, a service agreement is deemed to be terminated for purposes of this § 12 (2) (a)  (iv) also if the Supervisory Board, or the relevant member of the Management Board, decides after due negotiations within the four-year-period following the Listing not to prolong the service agreement between the Company and such member of the Management Board;

(such Participant a “ Bad Leaver ”) all unexercised Stock Options granted to the Bad Leaver (whether held by him/her or any third party) will be forfeited without entitlement to compensation;

 

 

(b)

the relevant Participant does not qualify as a Bad Leaver (such Participant a “ Good Leaver ”), such Good Leaver will retain all of the unexercised Stock Options which have vested in accordance with § 6 and § 12 (1) until the Cancelation Date. The terms and conditions set forth in these Rules (Waiting Period, Performance Target, Exercise Conditions etc.) will continue to apply unchanged to the Stock Options retained by the Good Leaver pursuant to this § 12  (2)  (b) .

 

(3)

Subject to § 12 (4) ,

 

 

(a)

any Exercise Shares and ADS delivered by an Issuance ( § 2 (5)  (a) ) and any cash settlement payments made by the Company pursuant to § 2  (5)  (b) upon exercise of Stock Options; and

 

 

(b)

any Dividend Bonus earned on a Dividend Distribution Date

prior to the Termination Date shall remain unaffected by the forfeiture of Stock Options pursuant to § 12  (1) or § 12  (2)  (a) (no “claw-back”).

 

(4)

The Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, may agree with the relevant Participant in the respective grant agreement that a violation of a contractual and/or post-contractual non-compete obligation which has been, or will be agreed, with the relevant Participant, result in a forfeiture of the Stock Options granted to the relevant Participant and claw-back of Exercise Shares, ADS and Dividend Bonus.

§ 13

Transferability

Except for the transfer (i) by will or applicable laws of decent upon the death of the relevant Participant or (ii) with the prior written consent by the Management Board and with respect to MBs by the Supervisory Board, neither the Stock Options nor the rights of any Participant under any Stock Option or under the SOP 2019 are assignable or otherwise transferable.

§ 14

Adjustment in Case of Specific Capital and Other Structural Measures

 

(1)

For the purposes of this § 14 Adjustment Event ” means any capital measures ( Kapitalmaßnahmen ) and/or other structural measures ( Strukturmaßnahmen ) carried out by the Company, including capital increase, capital reduction, share split, reverse share split, merger, split-up, split-off, spin-off, issuance of convertible bonds or option bonds.

 

(2)

In the event of:

 

 

(a)

a capital increase from Company funds by the issuance of new shares ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln );

 

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(b)

a reduction in the number of Shares by merging Shares without capital reduction (reverse share split) or an increase in the number of Shares without capital increase (share split);

 

 

(c)

a capital reduction ( Kapitalherabsetzung ) with a change in the total number of Shares issued by the Company; or

 

 

(d)

any other Adjustment Event having an effect similar to any of the foregoing;

the Management Board, with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, shall establish financial equality for the Participant in order to prevent that such Adjustment Event results in a dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the outstanding Stock Options. In such an Adjustment Event the financial equality shall preferably be established by adjusting the number of Stock Options (subject to available funding with Shares).

 

(3)

For the avoidance of doubt, no adjustment pursuant to § 14 (2) shall occur in the event of:

 

 

(a)

a capital increase from Company funds without the issue of new shares ( Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ohne Ausgabe neuer Aktien ); and

 

 

(b)

a capital reduction without a change in the total number of Shares issued by the Company.

 

(4)

If an adjustment occurs in accordance with this § 14, fractions of shares will not be granted on the exercise of Stock Options nor will they be compensated by a payment in cash.

 

(5)

For the avoidance of doubt, § 9 (1) AktG applies mutatis mutandis to Stock Options which have been adjusted pursuant to this § 14 .

§ 15

Change of Control

 

(1)

For the purposes of this § 15:

 

 

(a)

Cancelation Request Date ” means the day on which the Cancelation Request (as defined in § 15 (2) below) was sent ( abgesendet ) or received ( zugegangen ) (as the case may be) by the Management Board, and with respect to MBs by the Supervisory Board;

 

 

(b)

Change of Control ” means (i) a transaction or series of related transactions in which a person or entity (other than a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company) alone or acting in concert with other persons or entities acquires (y) a majority of the shares of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction or series of related transactions (except such transactions occur in connection with the Listing) or (z) all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (ii) a merger or another similar business combination transaction of the Company with or into another entity which is not a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company having an effect similar to the events described under (i) (y) or (z) above;

 

 

(c)

Change of Control Date ” means the day on which a Change of Control occurs; and

 

 

(d)

Relevant Share Price ” means (i) if the Change of Control takes place as a result of a voluntary takeover offer, or a mandatory takeover offer is triggered by a Change of Control, the per Share price, respectively the price for one or more ADS representing in total an ownership interest in one Share, offered to the shareholders of the Company in such takeover offer and (ii) in any other case, the volume weighted average Relevant Closing Price on the 30 consecutive Trading Days prior to the Change of Control Date.

 

(2)

In the event of a Change of Control,

 

 

(a)

the Management Board, with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, (as constituted immediately prior to the Change of Control Date) in relation to the Participant; and

 

 

(b)

each Participant in relation to his or her Stock Options

 

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may request (the “ Cancelation Request ”) that a portion of the then-outstanding vested Stock Options which is equal to the portion of the Shares or assets (as the case may be) of the Company acquired in the relevant Change of Control event by the persons or entities acquiring control and all rights attached thereto shall be cancelled in exchange for a payment by the Company of an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the product of the Relevant Share Price multiplied by the number of Stock Options cancelled over (ii) the aggregate Exercise Price for all such cancelled Stock Options, but less any applicable taxes, social contributions or other required withholdings (the “ Cancelation Consideration ”). No Cancellation Request may be made to the extent the Participant is granted a tag along right by the shareholders of the Company permitting the Participant to sell a pro rata share of his or her vested Stock Options or – following an exercise thereof Exercise Shares respectively ADS, to the persons or entities acquiring control. The remaining vested Stock Options not subject to a Cancelation Request or sold based on a tag along right remain unaffected. With respect to some or all of the Stock Options which are not vested in accordance with § 6  (2) on the Change of Control Date the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, may in its sole discretion chose to grant the Participant another performance based compensation (including stock appreciation rights, phantom stocks or other stock options), which is economically equivalent to the relevant unvested Stock Options, which will then be cancelled in exchange.

 

(3)

A Cancelation Request may be made at any time in the period beginning one (1) month prior to, and ending three (3) months after the Change of Control Date. For the avoidance of doubt, a Participant may not request the cancelation of Stock Options which are not vested in accordance with § 6 (2) on the Change of Control Date.

 

(4)

The Cancelation Consideration shall be paid by the Company as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) Trading Days following the Cancelation Request Date.

§ 16

Limitation of Liability

 

(1)

The Company (or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or advisors) does not:

 

 

(a)

assume any responsibility or liability for the development of the value or market price of the Shares and/or the ADS;

 

 

(b)

warrant, assure or guarantee any increase in value of the Shares and/or the ADS, in particular it is neither warranted, assured or guaranteed that a Participant will be able to sell his or her participation in the Company with a profit in the future nor that no loss will be incurred; or

 

 

(c)

warrant, assure or guarantee a profit of the Participant from the SOP 2019 or any Stock Option granted thereunder.

 

(2)

Each Participant declares with his or her participation in the SOP 2019 that the participation is voluntary. Each Participant is aware of the fact that he or she alone bears the risk of a decrease in or total loss of value of his or her investments. Each Participant accepts the offer to participate in the SOP 2019 at his or her own risk and assumes any liability relating thereto.

 

(3)

Each Participant is responsible for obtaining legal, tax and any other necessary advice before participating in the SOP 2019 and for evaluating the tax effects connected with the SOP 2019. Each Participant accepts and declares that he or she has not been advised by or on behalf of the Company or its Representatives with respect to his or her participation in the SOP  2019 (in particular, regarding legal and tax issues of such participation).

§ 17

Taxes, Social Security and Costs

 

(1)

All taxes (including payroll taxes), social security contributions, further duties and costs accrued by the Participant in connection with his or her participation in the SOP 2019 shall be borne by each Participant.

 

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  Each Participant is obliged to pay taxes relating to the respective options granted/exercised under the SOP 2019, or relating to a transfer of such options by the Participant to a third party, to the competent tax authorities. Each Participant shall fully indemnify the Company in respect of all such liabilities and obligations against tax authorities.

 

(2)

The employer of the Participant is entitled, if required by statutory law, to withhold payroll tax or any other taxes or duties or social security contributions to be paid by (or on behalf and account of) the Participant. This applies even after termination of the employment of the Participant with the Company. The Company is entitled to demand the full co-operation of the Participant even after his or her leave with respect to the withholding of taxes, social security contributions, other duties and costs in connection with the SOP 2019. The Participant undertakes to fully co-operate with the Company.

 

(3)

Withholdings mentioned above do not release the Participant from his or her responsibility and obligation to pay all taxes, social contributions, further duties and costs being due and accruing in connection with his or her participation in the SOP 2019 or the grant, exercise or transfer of any Stock Options.

§ 18

Insider Trading, Black-Out Periods, Securities Law Requirements

 

(1)

Any exercise of, or any other transaction in, the Stock Options (each a “ Transaction ”) must be conducted in compliance with (i) all applicable insider trading laws and regulations, and (ii) all provisions of any insider trading rules established by the Company ((i) and (ii) together the “ Insider Trading Rules ”). The Participant should note that Insider Trading Rules may apply even to Transactions conducted prior to the admission of the shares of the Company or the ADS of the Company to trading on a stock exchange. Each Participant is personally responsible for informing himself about, and acting in full compliance with, all applicable Insider Trading Rules. Any individual non-compliance with applicable Insider Trading Rules may lead to the imposition of civil and criminal penalties (as the case may be).

 

(2)

In order to minimize the potential for prohibited insider trading, the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, may establish in its sole discretion periods from time to time during which the Participant may not engage in transactions involving the Stock Options and/or the Shares and/or the ADS (the “ Black-Out Periods ”). Notwithstanding any other provisions in these Rules, the Participant may not exercise any Stock Options during an applicable Black-Out Period.

 

(3)

The obligation of the Company to issue any securities and to settle any awards under the SOP 2019 shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by governmental agencies as may be required. Notwithstanding any terms or conditions of any grant to the contrary, the Company shall be under no obligation to offer to sell or to sell, and shall be prohibited from offering to sell or selling, any securities unless such securities have been properly registered pursuant to the U.S. Securities Act or unless the Company is satisfied that such securities may be offered or sold without such registration pursuant to an available exemption therefrom and the terms and conditions of such exemption have been fully complied with. The Company shall be under no obligation to register for sale under the U.S. Securities Act any of the securities to be offered or sold under the SOP 2019. The Company may restrict the transfer of securities issued pursuant to the SOP 2019 in such a manner as it deems advisable to ensure the availability, or facilitate compliance with, of any exemption from the registration requirements the U.S. Securities Act or any other applicable laws.

 

(4)

The Company or the Third Party Service Provider (as defined below in § 20 (1) ), as the case may be, may cancel a grant under the SOP 2019 or any portion thereof if it determines, in its sole discretion, that legal or contractual restrictions and/or blockage and/or other market considerations would make the Company’s acquisition of securities from the public markets, the Company’s issuance of securities to the Participant, the Participant’s acquisition of securities from the Company and/or the Participant’s sale of securities to the public markets, illegal, impracticable or inadvisable. If the Company or the Third Party Service Provider, as the case may be, determines to cancel all or any portion of a grant in accordance with the

 

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  foregoing, the Company shall pay to the Participant an amount equal to the excess of (A) the aggregate fair market value of the securities subject to such grant or portion thereof cancelled (determined as of the applicable exercise date, or the date that the securities would have been vested or delivered, as applicable), over (B) the aggregate Exercise Price or base amount or any amount payable as a condition of delivery of securities. Such amount shall be delivered to the Participant as soon as practicable following the cancellation of such grant or portion thereof.

 

(5)

Notwithstanding any provision of the SOP 2019 to the contrary, in no event shall a Participant be permitted to exercise a Stock Option in a manner that the Company or the Third Party Service Provider, as the case may be, determines would violate the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or any other applicable law or the applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission or the applicable rules and regulations of any securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system on which the securities of the Company are listed or traded.

§ 19

Form Requirements, Notices

 

(1)

Any legal statements and other notices in connection with the SOP 2019 (collectively the “ Notices ”) shall be made in text form ( Textform ) pursuant to § 126b BGB unless any other specific form is required by mandatory law or these Rules.

 

(2)

Any Notice to be delivered to the Company shall be addressed as follows:

 

 

(a)

in case of MBs: by mail to Jumia Technologies AG, Attn. Chairperson of the Supervisory Board (currently Jonathan D. Klein), Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin; and by email (attached as pdf-copy) ###; and

 

 

(b)

in any other case: by mail to Jumia Technologies AG, Attn. Co-CEO Sacha Poignonnec, Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin; and by email (attached as pdf-copy) to ###.

The Company shall communicate changes in the address set forth in the previous sentence as soon as possible to the Participants. In the absence of such communication, the address stated above shall remain in place.

 

(3)

Any Notice to be given to the Participant may be served by being handed to him personally or by being sent to him or her at his or her home address shown in the records of the Company. The Participant shall communicate changes in his or her home address as soon as possible to the Company.

§ 20

Data Protection

 

(1)

By participating in the SOP 2019 each Participant expressly consents to the collection, storage, usage, transfer and processing of personal information provided by the Participant to the Company or a third party employed or contracted by the Company to administer or assist with the administration or implementation of the SOP 2019 (the “ Third Party Service Provider ”), solely for all purposes relating to the implementation, operation and administration of the SOP 2019. These include, but are not limited to:

 

 

(a)

administering and maintaining Participants’ records;

 

 

(b)

providing information about the Participant to a Third Party Service Provider; and

 

 

(c)

transferring information about the Participant to a Company’s or a Third Party Service Provider’s premises in a country or territory that may not provide the same statutory protection for the information as the Participant’s home country to the extent such transfer is required to implement, operate or administer the SOP 2019.

 

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(2)

The Participant is entitled to a copy of the personal information held about him or her and information about the purpose of the collection, storage, usage, transfer and processing of the personal information. The Participant has the right to have the personal information corrected in case of any inaccurateness. Any rights of the Participant pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation EU 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016) remain unaffected.

§ 21

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

 

(1)

The SOP 2019, any Stock Options granted thereunder and these Rules shall be exclusively governed by, and be construed in accordance with, the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws.

 

(2)

Any dispute, controversy or claim arising from or in connection with the SOP 2019, any Stock Options granted thereunder or these Rules or their validity shall be decided upon to the extent legally permissible by the competent courts in Berlin.

§ 22

Final Provisions

 

(1)

These Rules will become effective upon registration of the Conditional Capital 2019 with the commercial register of the Company. All provisions in these Rules shall be subject to the terms and conditions established by the SOP Resolution.

 

(2)

Unless otherwise explicitly provided for in these Rules, the Participant shall not be entitled to assign any rights or claims under the SOP 2019 and these Rules without the written consent of the Company.

 

(3)

In these Rules, the headings are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation of these Rules; where a German term has been inserted in quotation marks and/or italics it alone (and not the English term to which it relates) shall be authoritative for the purpose of the interpretation of the relevant English term in these Rules. The terms “including” and “in particular” shall always mean “including, without limitation” and “in particular, without limitation”, respectively. Any reference made in these Rules to any clauses without further indication of a law, an agreement or another document shall mean clauses of these Rules.

 

(4)

In the event that one or more provisions of these Rules shall, or shall be deemed to, be invalid or unenforceable, the validity and enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. In such case, the Company and the Participant agree to recognize and give effect to such valid and enforceable provision or provisions, which correspond as closely as possible with the commercial intent of the Parties. The same shall apply in the event that these Rules contain any unintended gaps ( unbeabsichtigte Lücken ).

 

Berlin, [●]

  

Jumia Technologies AG

  

The Supervisory Board

  

The Management Board

 

 

 

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Exhibit 10.6

Jumia

Virtual Restricted Stock Unit Program 2019

11 March 2019

– Terms and Conditions / Rules –


CONTENT

 

§ 1

 

Eligibility

     3  

§2

 

Plan Volume and Grant of Restricted Stock Units

     4  

§3

 

Vesting

     6  

§4

 

Payment by Company

     6  

§5

 

Extraordinary Events or Developments

     6  

§6

 

Consequences of a Termination of Office or Employment Relationship

     6  

§7

 

Transferability and Hedging

     7  

§8

 

Adjustment in Case of Specific Capital and Other Structural Measures

     7  

§9

 

Limitation of Liability

     8  

§10

 

Taxes, Social Security and Costs

     9  

§11

 

Insider Trading, Black-out Periods and Securities Law Requirements

     9  

§12

 

Form Requirements, Notices

     10  

§13

 

Data Protection

     10  

§14

 

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

     11  

§15

 

Final Provisions

     11  

 

-2-


Recitals

 

(A)

The participation of the management and key employees in the economic risks and opportunities of the relevant business operation is an important component of an internationally competitive remuneration system in order to strengthen the commitment to Jumia, to attract and retain competent and dedicated individuals whose efforts will result in the growth and profitability of Jumia and to align their interests with the interests of the shareholders in order to increase the value of Jumia.

 

(B)

For this purpose, Jumia Technologies AG (the “ Company ”) intends to implement a virtual restricted stock unit program 2019 (the “ VRSUP 2019 ”). Under the VRSUP 2019 virtual restricted shares in the Company (each a “ Restricted Stock Unit ” and together the “ Restricted Stock Units ”) shall be granted to members of the management board of the Company (the “ Management Board ”) and key employees of the Company as well as to members of the management and key employees of companies affiliated with the Company within the meaning of §§ 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz , the “ AktG ”) (each an “ Affiliated Company ” and together the “ Affiliated Companies ”). Upon vesting (as described in § 3 below), and subject to § 4 below, each Restricted Stock Unit shall grant the right to receive cash payments in the amount of the relevant share price of the shares in the Company as described in § 2.6 below. Thus, irrespective of § 2.7 and as opposed to a so-called restricted share award program, the beneficiaries do not obtain a right to receive shares in the Company, but rather a right to receive a cash payment the total amount of which depends on the development of the share price of the shares of the Company.

 

(C)

In addition to the VRSUP 2019, Jumia intends to introduce a Stock Option Program 2019 (“ SOP 2019 ”) under which stock options may be granted to the management and key employees. The share of the long-term variable remuneration of any member of the Management Board (an “ MB ” and collectively the “ MBs ”), including but not limited to any grant under the SOP 2019, shall exceed the share of any short-term variable remuneration of such MB, including but not limited to any grant under this VRSUP 2019.

 

(D)

It is intended that with resolution, presumably at the end of March 2019 or the beginning of April 2019 (the “ VRSUP Resolution ”), the Company’s general meeting ( Hauptversammlung ) will authorize the Management Board, with the consent of the supervisory board of the Company (the “ Supervisory Board ”), to issue up to 1,243,367 new shares, each with a notional value of EUR 1.00 in the share capital of the Company either by way of an amendment of the already existing Authorized Capital 2019/I or through the creation of an additional authorized capital, in order to provide the Company with an alternative option to settle employee claims under this VRSUP 2019 with shares in the Company instead of a cash payment, taking into account the Conditional Capital 2019/I for the SOP 2019. In March 2019, the Management Board and the Supervisory Board resolved to grant in total 1,243,367 Restricted Stock Units to the beneficiaries in one or more tranches over the next five years. The Management Board with respect to selected employees of the Company and, with respect to members of the management and selected employees of the Affiliated Companies on behalf of the respective Affiliated Company, and, with respect to members of the Management Board the Supervisory Board, will determine the further details of the VRSUP 2019, in particular the number of Restricted Stock Units granted to a Participant (as defined in § 1.2 below) and the relevant other terms and conditions in accordance with the Rules (as defined in Recital (E) below) set forth in this VRSUP 2019.

 

(E)

These terms and conditions establish the rules (the “ Rules ”) pursuant to which the Restricted Stock Units under the VRSUP 2019 may be granted and paid.

§ 1

Eligibility

 

1.1

Under the VRSUP 2019, Restricted Stock Units may be granted only to the following groups of beneficiaries:

 

 

1.1.1

members of the Management Board (“ Group 1 ”);

 

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1.1.2

selected employees of the Company (“ Group 2 ”);

 

 

1.1.3

members of the management of Affiliated Companies (“ Group 3 ”); and

 

 

1.1.4

selected employees of Affiliated Companies (“ Group 4 ”, and together with Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, the “ Groups ”).

Each beneficiary, who is not an MB or a member of the management of an Affiliated Company, must be considered by the Management Board – in its sole discretion – a key expert.

 

1.2

The Management Board with the consent of the Supervisory Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, will – in its sole discretion – designate the individuals to whom Restricted Stock Units under the VRSUP 2019 will be granted (the “ Participants ” and each a “ Participant ”) as well as the amount of Restricted Stock Units to be granted to the respective Participant.

 

1.3

When granting Restricted Stock Units to the MBs, the Supervisory Board will take into account the relation between the value of existing and foreseeable grants under stock option programs of the Company compared to the value of the Restricted Stock Units to be granted to the MBs.

§ 2

Plan Volume and Grant of Restricted Stock Units

 

2.1

The aggregate number of Restricted Stock Units which may be granted under the VRSUP 2019 amounts to 1,243,367, subject to adjustment and substitution as set forth in § 8. Any Restricted Stock Unit that forfeits or is cancelled under this VRSUP 2019 may be reallocated or re-granted to any Participant.

Any respective grant may be made to a Participant only on the basis of his/her membership in one of the Groups set forth under § 1.1.1 to § 1.1.4. Participants, who belong to more than one Top Management Level at the time of the relevant grant, can only be granted Restricted Stock Units for one Top Management Level at such time. The final number of Restricted Stock Units to be acquired by a Participant depends on the Vesting of such Restricted Stock Units (as defined in, and subject to, § 3 below).

 

2.2

The Restricted Stock Units will be granted to each Participant by separate grant agreements ( Zuteilungsvereinbarungen ), in particular stating the number of offered Restricted Stock Units. The Restricted Stock Units shall be granted to the Participant with economic effect as from the date of the grant of the Restricted Stock Units. Any grant is subject to a continuing and unterminated ( ungek ü ndigt ) service or employment relationship between the relevant Participant and the Company or an Affiliated Company at the relevant Grant Date (as defined under § 2.5 below).

 

2.3

The number of offered Restricted Stock Units shall be determined by the share of the Grant Value allocated to the VRSUP 2019 on the basis of the Participant’s election being divided by the Average Share Price. “ Grant Value ” means a Euro denominated amount granted to the Participant to be used for purposes of participating in the VRSUP 2019 and the SOP 2019. “ Average Share Price ” means (i) for grants being made before an initial admission of the shares of the Company (the “ Shares ”) or American Depositary Shares representing such Shares (“ ADS ”) to trading on a stock exchange (the “ Listing ”): the per Share price for Shares (including additional payments into the reserves of the Company) as reflected in the valuation which formed the basis of the most recent third-party acquisition or third-party equity participation ( letzte Beteiligungsrunde ); and (ii) for grants being made after a Listing: an amount equal to the average of the closing price ( Schlusskurs ) of the Shares (as represented by ADSs) of the Company on the New York Stock Exchange (“ NYSE ”) (or a comparable successor system) (the “ Relevant Closing Price ”) on the ten consecutive Trading Days prior to the Grant Date (as defined under § 2.5 below). “ Trading Day ” means a day other than a Saturday or Sunday or public holiday on which NYSE is open for trading. For the avoidance of doubt, there shall be no fractional Restricted Stock Units. In case the division of the Grant Value (as allocated to the VRSUP 2019 on the basis of the Participant’s election) by the

 

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  Average Share Price results in fractional Restricted Stock Units, the number of offered Restricted Stock Units shall, in any case, be rounded down to the next full number of Restricted Stock Units without compensation.

 

2.4

Restricted Stock Units may be granted to the Participants in one or more tranches

 

 

(a)

until 31 December 2019; and

 

 

(b)

subsequently:

 

 

(i)

prior to a Listing: within three weeks after the publication of the annual accounts of the Company;

 

 

(ii)

after a Listing: within three weeks after the publication of a quarterly financial report, the half year accounts or annual accounts of the Company

(each a “ Grant Period ”).

 

2.5

Participants who for the first time enter into a service or employment agreement with the Company or an Affiliated Company can, at the time of signing of the service or employment agreement, be promised a grant of Restricted Stock Units during one of the aforementioned Grant Periods at a later point in time. The date on which a grant becomes effective shall be the date of the signing of the relevant grant agreement or a later effective date specified therein (the “ Grant Date ”).

 

2.6

Subject to (i) a forfeiture or a reduction of the number of Restricted Stock Units pursuant to § 6 below and (ii) the satisfaction of the terms and conditions set forth in these Rules, Restricted Stock Units granted under the VRSUP 2019 entitle the Participant holding such Restricted Stock Units to the receipt of the RSU Value per Share multiplied by the number of Restricted Stock Units which vested in accordance with § 3 below (the “ RSU Value ”). “ RSU Value per Share ” means a cash payment per vested Restricted Stock Unit by the Company and, for Participants belonging to Group 3 or Group 4, by the Affiliated Company, in an amount equal to the average of the Relevant Closing Price on the first ten Trading Days after the publication by the Company of the later of its last half year report or its last annual financial statements or, if no such report has yet been published following the Listing, the Relevant Closing Price on the last ten Trading Days prior to vesting.

Any RSU Value may be capped at a maximum amount ( Höchstbetrag ) agreed with the Participant in the grant agreement, the employment agreement or the service agreement.

 

2.7

The Company shall be entitled, at its sole discretion, with respect to Group 2, and with respect to Group 4 on behalf of the Affiliated Company, and subject to any Insider Trading Rules (as defined in § 11 below), to deliver (in full or in part) Shares or ADS instead of any RSU Value to the Participant, provided that the general shareholders‘ meeting of the Company has lawfully resolved on the acquisition and divesture of treasury shares ( eigene Aktien ) or an authorized capital for such purposes or the Company may lawfully acquire ADS, and with respect to Group 4, also provided that the Affiliated Company reimburses the Company for the RSU Value. In such case and to the extent necessary, the provisions of this VRSUP 2019 may be adjusted to achieve a result which is economically equivalent to the relevant Restricted Stock Units or RSU Value and which is in compliance with applicable laws. For the determination of the number of Shares or ADS to be delivered to the Participant, the Relevant Closing Price on the day of the decision by the Company to deliver Shares or ADS shall apply. The Participant is obliged to cooperate with the Company and take any actions necessary to effect the delivery of such Shares or ADS, e.g. in case new Shares are issued; the Participant may be required to contribute his payment claim under this VRSUP 2019 to allow for a “net share settlement”. Further, resales of the Shares or ADS by a Participant may be limited to sales effected on a stock exchange designated by the Company.

 

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§ 3

Vesting

 

3.1

Subject to § 3.2 and § 6 of these Rules and subject to a Listing, Restricted Stock Units granted to a Participant will vest at the expiration of one year following the Grant Date or such longer annual period as specified in the grant agreement.

 

3.2

Any time period in which the Participant does not work for Jumia and Jumia does not owe the whole compensation agreed under the employment or service agreement to the Participant ( e.g. , in case of extended periods of illness, uncompensated release from duty to work) shall suspend the vesting of Restricted Stock Units as described in § 3.1 above.

 

3.3

In case a Listing has not occurred until 31 March 2020 at the latest, all granted Restricted Stock Units expire without compensation.

§ 4

Payment by Company

 

4.1

Subject to § 11 below, the RSU Value for Restricted Stock Units which vested in accordance with § 3 above, shall be paid in cash (subject to § 2.7 above) to the Participant by the Company, and with respect to Group 3 and Group 4 on behalf of the Affiliated Company, as soon as reasonably practicable following the expiration of a period of twelve Trading Days after the publication by the Company of its half year report or its annual financial statements.

 

4.2

Any statutory charges, such as payroll taxes, employee social security contributions or similar or other taxes and duties (if any), shall be borne by the Participant. To the extent due, the Company will withhold such charges from the RSU Value and pay them to the competent authorities. In case the Company is authorized to and chooses to deliver Shares or ADS instead of any RSU Value, the Company will also withhold and pay any statutory charges and determine the number of Shares or ADS to be delivered after deducting those charges.

§ 5

Extraordinary Events or Developments

 

5.1

Extraordinary Events or Developments ” means – subject to mandatory law – situations where the potential gain realized by the Participant upon the payment of the Restricted Stock Units (i) is caused by unusual external events and developments and (ii) cannot be reasonably justified under any circumstances by the development or business perspective of the Company, also taking into account international remuneration and incentive standards. For the avoidance of doubt, the payment of Restricted Stock Units, as such, that results in an economic benefit for the Participant, does not constitute an Extraordinary Event or Development.

 

5.2

In case of Extraordinary Events or Developments, the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, is entitled to adjust in its discretion ( pflichtgem ä ß es Ermessen ) the payout, in order to adequately limit ( begrenzen ) or eliminate, as the case may be, the effects of such Extraordinary Events or Developments. For the avoidance of doubt, such adjustment shall not result in a reduction or withdrawal of the Participant’s economic benefit achieved under the VRSUP 2019 prior to the occurrence of such Extraordinary Events or Developments. In any such case, § 87 para. 1 AktG must be observed.

§ 6

Consequences of a Termination of Office or Employment Relationship

In the event the Participant’s office as member of the Management Board or the Participant’s service or employment relationship with the Company or an Affiliated Company (as the case may be) ends

 

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6.1

due to:

 

 

6.1.1

(i) the Participant’s voluntary resignation from office ( Amtsniederlegung ) prior to the regular end of his/her term of office or the termination of the Participant’s service or employment relationship with the Company or an Affiliated Company and (ii) the Participant taking up employment with or assuming an active management position or a remunerated consultant role with a direct competitor undertaking within twelve months after the effective date of the resignation or termination; or

 

 

6.1.2

in case of an MB, a revocation from office ( Widerruf der Bestellung ) by the Company in circumstances where there are grounds justifying a termination of the service relationship for good cause within the meaning of § 626 of the German Civil Code ( B ü rgerliches Gesetzbuch ) (“ BGB ”) irrespective of the preclusion period pursuant to § 626 para. 2 BGB; or

 

 

6.1.3

in case of any Participant not being an MB, the termination of the service or employment relationship with the Company or an Affiliated Company, as the case may be, where there are grounds justifying a termination of the service or employment relationship for good cause within the meaning of § 626 BGB (or the equivalent provision of applicable foreign law) irrespective of the preclusion period pursuant to § 626 para. 2 BGB (or the equivalent provision of applicable foreign law);

(such Participant a “ Bad Leaver ”) all vested and unvested Restricted Stock Units granted to the Bad Leaver (whether held by him/her or any third party) will be forfeited without entitlement to compensation; or

 

6.2

due to any reason not qualifying the relevant Participant as a Bad Leaver (such Participant a “ Good Leaver ”), such Good Leaver will retain all Restricted Stock Units already vested pursuant to § 3 and not yet paid on the earlier of (i) the date of his/her effective date of termination of office (in relation to MBs or members of the management of Affiliated Companies), if applicable, or (ii) the date of his/her declaration of termination of employment (in relation to selected employees) (in either case the “ Termination Date ”). The terms and conditions set forth in these Rules will continue to apply unchanged to the Restricted Stock Units retained pursuant to this § 6.2. All Restricted Stock Units which are not retained pursuant to this § 6.2 are forfeited without entitlement to compensation. This § 6.2 shall not apply, and the other terms and conditions set forth in these Rules will continue to apply unchanged, in case the Participant, within three months of the Termination Date, enters into a new service or employment relationship with the Company or an Affiliated Company or is appointed as member of the Management Board.

 

6.3

For the avoidance of doubt: any cash settlement payments made or Share or ADS transfers executed relating to the fulfillment of Restricted Stock Units prior to the Termination Date shall remain unaffected by the forfeiture of Restricted Stock Units pursuant to § 6.1 or § 6.2 last sentence (no “claw-back”).

§ 7

Transferability and Hedging

Except for the transfer (i) by will or applicable laws of decent upon the death of the relevant Participant or (ii) with the prior written consent by the Company, neither the Restricted Stock Units nor the rights of any Participant under any Restricted Stock Unit or under the VRSUP 2019 are assignable or otherwise transferable. A Participant shall not hedge any interest, risk or position in any Restricted Share Unit.

§ 8

Adjustment in Case of Specific Capital and Other Structural Measures

 

8.1

Adjustment Event ” means any capital measures ( Kapitalma ß nahmen ) and/or other structural measures ( Strukturma ß nahmen ) carried out by the Company, including capital increase, capital reduction, share split, reverse share split, merger, split-up, split-off, spin-off, issuance of convertible bonds or option bonds.

 

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8.2

In the event of:

 

 

8.2.1

a capital increase from Company funds by the issuance of new shares ( Kapitalerh ö hung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln );

 

 

8.2.2

a reduction in the number of shares by merging Shares without capital reduction (reverse share split) or an increase in the number of Shares without capital increase (share split);

 

 

8.2.3

a capital reduction ( Kapitalherabsetzung ) with a change in the total number of Shares issued by the Company; or

 

 

8.2.4

any other Adjustment Event having an effect similar to any of the foregoing;

the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, shall establish financial equality for the Participant in order to prevent that such Adjustment Event results in a dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the outstanding Restricted Stock Units. In such an Adjustment Event the financial equality shall preferably be established by adjusting the number of Restricted Stock Units.

 

8.3

For the avoidance of doubt, no adjustment pursuant to § 8.2 shall occur in the event of:

 

 

8.3.1

a capital increase from Company funds without the issue of new shares ( Kapitalerh ö hung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln ohne Ausgabe neuer Aktien ); or

 

 

8.3.2

a capital reduction without a change in the total number of Shares issued by the Company.

 

8.4

If an adjustment occurs in accordance with this § 8, fractions of Restricted Stock Units will not be granted nor will they be compensated by a payment in cash.

 

8.5

For the avoidance of doubt, § 9 para. 1 AktG applies mutatis mutandis to Restricted Stock Units which have been adjusted pursuant to this § 8.

§ 9

Limitation of Liability

 

9.1

Neither the Company nor any Affiliated Company (or any of its respective directors, officers, employees, agents or advisors):

 

 

9.1.1

assumes any responsibility or liability for the development of the value or market price of the Shares;

 

 

9.1.2

warrants, assures or guarantees any increase in value of the Shares; or

 

 

9.1.3

warrants, assures or guarantees a profit of the Participant from the VRSUP 2019 or any Restricted Stock Units granted thereunder.

 

9.2

Each Participant declares with his/her participation in the VRSUP 2019 that the participation is voluntary. Each Participant is aware of the fact that he/she alone bears the risk of a decrease in or total loss of value of his/her investments. Each Participant accepts the offer to participate in the VRSUP 2019 at his/her own risk and assumes any liability relating thereto.

 

9.3

Each Participant is responsible for obtaining legal, tax and any other necessary advice before participating in the VRSUP 2019 and for evaluating the tax effects connected with the VRSUP 2019. Each Participant accepts and declares that he or she has not been advised by or on behalf of the Company or its Representatives with respect to his or her participation in the VRSUP 2019 (in particular, regarding legal and tax issues of such participation).

 

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§ 10

Taxes, Social Security and Costs

 

10.1

All taxes (including payroll taxes), social security contributions, further duties and costs accrued by the Participant in connection with his or her participation in the VRSUP 2019 shall be borne by the Participant. Each Participant is obliged to pay taxes relating to the Restricted Stock Units paid under the VRSUP 2019, or relating to a transfer of such options by the Participant to a third party, to the competent tax authorities. Each Participant shall fully indemnify the Company or Affiliated Company in respect of all such liabilities and obligations against tax authorities.

 

10.2

The employer of the Participant is entitled, if required by statutory law, to withhold payroll tax or any other taxes or duties or social security contributions to be paid by (or on behalf and account of) the Participant. This applies even after termination of the employment of the Participant with the Company or Affiliated Company. The Company or Affiliated Company is entitled to demand the full cooperation of the Participant even after his/her leave with respect to the withholding of taxes, social security contributions, other duties and costs in connection with the VRSUP 2019. The Participant undertakes to fully co-operate with the Company or Affiliated Company.

 

10.3

Withholdings mentioned above do not release the Participant from his/her responsibility and obligation to pay all taxes, social contributions, further duties and costs being due and accruing in connection with his/her participation in the VRSUP 2019 or the grant or transfer of any Restricted Stock Units.

§ 11

Insider Trading, Black-out Periods and Securities Law Requirements

Any transaction in the Restricted Stock Units (each a “ Transaction ”) must be conducted in compliance with (i) all applicable insider trading laws and regulations, and (ii) all provisions of any insider trading rules established by the Company ((i) and (ii) together the “ Insider Trading Rules ”). The Participant should note that Insider Trading Rules may apply even to Transactions conducted prior to the admission of the Shares or ADS to trading on a stock exchange. Each Participant is personally responsible for informing himself about, and acting in full compliance with, all applicable Insider Trading Rules. Any individual non-compliance with applicable Insider Trading Rules may lead to the imposition of civil and criminal penalties (as the case may be).

In order to minimize the potential for prohibited insider trading, the Management Board, and with respect to MBs the Supervisory Board, may establish in its sole discretion periods from time to time during which the Participant may not engage in transactions involving the Restricted Stock Units and/or the Shares and/or the ADS.

The obligation of the Company to issue any securities and to settle any awards under the VRSUP 2019 shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by governmental agencies as may be required. Notwithstanding any terms or conditions of any grant to the contrary, the Company shall be under no obligation to offer to sell or to sell, and shall be prohibited from offering to sell or selling, any securities unless such securities have been properly registered pursuant to the U.S. Securities Act or unless the Company is satisfied that such securities may be offered or sold without such registration pursuant to an available exemption therefrom and the terms and conditions of such exemption have been fully complied with. The Company shall be under no obligation to register for sale under the U.S. Securities Act any of the securities to be offered or sold under the VRSUP 2019. The Company may restrict the transfer of securities issued pursuant to the VRSUP 2019 in such a manner as it deems advisable to ensure the availability, or facilitate compliance with, of any exemption from the registration requirements the U.S. Securities Act or any other applicable laws.

The Company or the Third Party Service Provider, as the case may be, may cancel a grant under the VRSUP 2019 or any portion thereof if it determines, in its sole discretion, that legal or contractual restrictions and/or blockage and/or other market considerations would make the Company’s acquisition of securities from the public

 

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markets, the Company’s issuance of securities to the Participant, the Participant’s acquisition of securities from the Company and/or the Participant’s sale of securities to the public markets, illegal, impracticable or inadvisable. If the Company or the Third Party Service Provider, as the case may be, determines to cancel all or any portion of a grant in accordance with the foregoing, the Company shall pay to the Participant an amount equal to the excess of (A) the aggregate fair market value of the securities subject to such grant or portion thereof canceled (determined as of the applicable exercise date, or the date that the securities would have been vested or delivered, as applicable), over (B) the aggregate exercise price or base amount or any amount payable as a condition of delivery of securities. Such amount shall be delivered to the Participant as soon as practicable following the cancellation of such grant or portion thereof.

Notwithstanding any provision of the VRSUP 2019 to the contrary, in no event shall a Participant be permitted to exercise a Stock Option in a manner that the Company or the Third Party Service Provider, as the case may be, determines would violate the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or any other applicable law or the applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission or the applicable rules and regulations of any securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system on which the securities of the Company are listed or traded.

§ 12

Form Requirements, Notices

 

12.1

Any legal statements and other notices in connection with the VRSUP 2019 (collectively the “ Notices ”) shall be made in text form ( Textform ) pursuant to § 126b BGB unless any other specific form is required by mandatory law or these Rules.

 

12.2

Any Notice to be delivered to the Company shall be addressed as follows:

 

 

12.2.1

in case of MBs: by mail to Jumia Technologies AG, Attn. Chairperson of the Supervisory Board (currently Jonathan David Klein), Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin; and by email (attached as pdf-copy) to ###; and

 

 

12.2.2

in any other case: by mail to Jumia Technologies AG, Attn. Co-CEO Sacha Poignonnec, Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin; and by email (attached as pdf-copy) to ###.

The Company shall communicate changes in the address set forth in the previous sentence as soon as possible to the Participants. In the absence of such communication, the address stated above shall remain in place.

 

12.3

Any Notice to be given to the Participant may be served by being handed to him/her personally or by being sent to him or her at his or her home address shown in the records of the Company. The Participant shall communicate changes in his or her home address as soon as possible to the Company.

§ 13

Data Protection

 

13.1

By participating in the VRSUP 2019 each Participant expressly consents to the collection, storage, usage, transfer and processing of personal information provided by the Participant to the Company or a third party employed or contracted by the Company to administer or assist with the administration or implementation of the VRSUP 2019 (the “ Third Party Service Provider ”), solely for all purposes relating to the implementation, operation and administration of the VRSUP 2019. These include, but are not limited to:

 

 

13.1.1

administering and maintaining Participants’ records;

 

 

13.1.2

providing information about the Participant to a Third Party Service Provider; and

 

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13.1.3

transferring information about the Participant to a Company’s or a Third Party Service Provider’s premises in a country or territory that may not provide the same statutory protection for the information as the Participant’s home country to the extent such transfer is required to implement, operate or administer the VRSUP 2019.

 

13.2

The Participant is entitled to a copy of the personal information held about him/her and information about the purpose of the collection, storage, usage, transfer and processing of the personal information. The Participant has the right to have the personal information corrected in case of any inaccurateness. Any rights of the Participant pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016) remain unaffected.

§ 14

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

 

14.1

Subject to § 15.1, the VRSUP 2019, any Restricted Stock Units granted thereunder and these Rules shall be exclusively governed by, and be construed in accordance with, the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws.

 

14.2

Any dispute, controversy or claim arising from or in connection with the VRSUP 2019, any Restricted Stock Units granted thereunder or these Rules or their validity shall be decided upon to the extent legally permissible by the competent courts in Berlin, Germany.

§ 15

Final Provisions

 

15.1

The grant of any Restricted Stock Units and any payment to a Participant are subject to local law review, especially labor law and tax review, in the jurisdiction applicable to such Participant, following which, if necessary, the provisions of this VRSUP 2019 may be adjusted, with the consent of the Supervisory Board, for such Participant to achieve a result which is economically equivalent to the relevant Restricted Stock Units or payment. The provisions of this VRSUP 2019 may also be adjusted, with the consent of the Supervisory Board, if necessary or if advantageous for the Company, provided that the result for the Participants is economically equivalent to the relevant Restricted Stock Units or payment and in compliance with applicable laws.

 

15.2

For the avoidance of doubt, the Restricted Stock Units do not constitute a participation in the Company or any Affiliated Company and in particular do not grant any information, participation, voting, profit sharing or other shareholders’ rights.

 

15.3

The Restricted Stock Units are granted on a voluntary basis. Even a recurrent grant of Restricted Stock Units to individual Participants does not constitute any claim for a further allowance of Restricted Stock Units ( keine betriebliche Ü bung ).

 

15.4

Unless otherwise explicitly provided for in these Rules, the Participant shall not be entitled to assign any rights or claims under the VRSUP 2019 and these Rules without the written consent of the Company.

 

15.5

In these Rules, the headings are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation of these Rules; where a German term has been inserted in quotation marks and/or italics it alone (and not the English term to which it relates) shall be authoritative for the purpose of the interpretation of the relevant English term in these Rules. The terms “including” and “in particular” shall always mean “including, without limitation” and “in particular, without limitation”, respectively. Any reference made in these Rules to any clauses without further indication of a law, an agreement or another document shall mean clauses of these Rules.

 

15.6

In the event that one or more provisions of these Rules shall, or shall be deemed to, be invalid or unenforceable, the validity and enforceability of the other provisions of these Rules shall not be affected

 

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  thereby. In such case, the Company, the Affiliated Company and the Participant agree to recognize and give effect to such valid and enforceable provision or provisions, which correspond as closely as possible with the commercial intent of the parties. The same shall apply in the event that these Rules contain any unintended gaps ( unbeabsichtigte L ü cken ).

Berlin, 11 March 2019

Jumia Technologies AG on behalf of Jumia

 

The Supervisory Board

  

The Management Board

 

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Exhibit 10.7

 

 

PRIVATE PLACEMENT AGREEMENT

 

 

between

 

1.

Jumia Technologies AG [former name: Africa Internet Holding GmbH]

with its seat in Berlin, Germany, registered with the commercial register at the local court of Charlottenburg ( Amtsgericht Charlottenburg ), Germany, under no. HRB 203542, having its business address at Charlottenstrasse 4, 10969 Berlin,

- “ Company ” -

 

2.

Mastercard Europe SA

with its seat in Waterloo, Belgium, registered with the Belgian trade register under no. 0448.038.446, having its business address at Chaussee de Tervuren 198A, Waterloo, B-1410 Belgium,

- “ New Investor ” -

- the Company and the New Investor together the “ Parties ” and each a “ Party ” -


Table of Contents

 

I.

  

General

     3  

§ 1

  

Preamble

     3  

§ 2

  

Interpretation and Definitions

     4  

§ 3

  

Effectiveness, Conditions

     4  

II.

  

Private Placement

     4  

§ 4

  

Sale and Purchase of Sale Shares

     4  

§ 5

  

Company Warranties

     5  

§ 6

  

New Investor Warranties

     7  

§ 7

  

Merger Control

     9  

§ 8

  

Company’s Undertakings

     9  

§ 9

  

Conditions to the New Investor’s Obligations

     9  

III.

  

Miscellaneous

     10  

§ 10

  

Termination, Private Investment

     10  

§ 11

  

Confidentiality

     10  

§ 12

  

Notices

     11  

§ 13

  

Assignment

     12  

§ 14

  

Costs

     12  

§ 15

  

Written Form

     12  

§ 16

  

Choice of Law and Legal Venue

     12  

§ 17

  

Severability

     13  

 

Private Placement Agreement

Page 2


Index of Defined Terms

 

Agreement

     4  

Closing

     5  

Commercial Agreement

     4  

Company

     1  

Defined Terms

     4  

FCPA

     7  

Investment

     4  

IPO

     4  

IPO Price

     4  

IT Assets

     8  

Jumia

     3  

Lock-Up Agreement

     10  

MAPPL

     3  

Mastercard Group

     4  

Maximum Price

     4  

Money Laundering Laws

     7  

New Investor

     1  

OECD Convention

     7  

OFAC

     7  

Parties

     1  

Party

     1  

Personal Data

     8  

Qualified IPO

     5  

Registration Statement

     5  

Sale Shares

     5  

Sanctions

     7  

SEC

     6  

Securities Act

     4  

UK Bribery Act

     7  

Underwriters

     5  

Underwriting Agreement

     5  
 

 

I.General

§ 1

Preamble

 

1.1

The Company (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “ Jumia ”) is a stock corporation under German law with its registered office in Berlin, registered with the commercial register of the local court of Charlottenburg under HRB 203542 B. The Company focuses on operating a pan-African e-commerce platform.

 

1.2

The registered share capital of the Company currently amounts to EUR 100,050,976.00 and is divided into 100,050,976 no-par value bearer shares ( auf den Inhaber lautende St ü ckaktien ).

 

1.3

On the date hereof, the Company and MastercardAsia/Pacific Pte Ltd., an affiliated company of the New Investor (“ MAPPL ”, and together with its affiliates (for the avoidance of doubt, including the New Investor) as this term is defined in Rule 501(b) of the Regulation D under the United States Securities Act of 1922, as amended (“ Securities Act ”) (“ Mastercard Group ””)) entered into a commercial agreement (the “ Commercial Agreement ”).

 

1.4

The Company is preparing for a public offering of shares, ADS or other instruments of the Company (“ IPO ”).

 

1.5

New Investor intends to provide the Company with further capital against shares in the Company (“ Investment ”). To determine the terms and conditions of the Investment, the Parties wish to enter into this present agreement including the annexes hereto (“ Agreement ”).

 

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§ 2

Interpretation and Definitions

 

2.1

In this Agreement defined terms (“ Defined Terms ”) shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the relevant definition.

 

2.2

Unless the context or the express provisions of this Agreement require otherwise, headings and subheadings of the paragraphs and/or provisions contained herein are for convenience and reference purposes only and shall not have any effect on the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

§ 3

Effectiveness, Conditions

This Agreement shall become effective on the date hereof, subject to the conditions precedent set forth in II.§ 9.

II.

Private Placement

§ 4

Sale and Purchase of Sale Shares

 

4.1

Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, New Investor agrees to purchase from the Company, and the Company agrees to sell and issue to New Investor, the Sale Shares at the IPO Price. “ IPO Price ” shall mean a price per share in the Company with the nominal amount of EUR 1.00, equal to the per share initial public offering price (before underwriting discounts and expenses) in the Qualified IPO as translated from U.S. dollars into euros using the latest exchange rate determined by the European Central Bank before approval of the IPO Price by the IPO Committee of the Company’s Supervisory Board, provided that the IPO Price shall in no event exceed the Maximum Price. “ Maximum Price ” shall mean a price per share in the Company with the nominal amount of EUR 1.00, equal to EUR 14.74. “ Sale Shares ” shall mean the number of shares in the Company with the nominal amount of EUR 1.00, equal to EUR 50,000,000 divided by the IPO Price, rounded up the nearest whole share. “ Qualified IPO ” shall mean the issuance and sale of shares, ADS or other instruments of the Company, pursuant to an underwriting agreement to be entered into by and among the Company and certain underwriters (“ Underwriters ”), in connection with the Company’s initial public offering pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on form F-1 (file no. 333-230207) (“ Registration Statement ”) and/or any related registration statements (“ Underwriting Agreement ”).

 

4.2

The purchase and sale of the Sale Shares (“ Closing ”) shall take place at the location of, and at the time immediately following, the closing of the Qualified IPO as set forth in detail in Annex 4.2 . At the Closing, New Investor shall make payment of the purchase price of the Sale Shares by wire transfer in immediately available funds against delivery to the New Investor of the Sale Shares onto the following account of the Company (statement of use: “Sale Shares”) or any other account of the Company that the Company has notified to New Investor before the day of the Closing:

Account holder: Jumia Technologies AG

Bank: Deutsche Bank AG

IBAN: DE55 10070024 0726 789100

BIC: DEUTDEDBBER

 

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§ 5

Company Warranties

The Company hereby warrants towards New Investor in the form of independent warranties (section 311 para. 1 of the German Civil Code ( BGB )) that at the date hereof and, unless expressly provided for otherwise, as of the date of the Closing:

 

5.1

the Company is duly authorized to execute this Agreement and has full power and authority to execute and perform its obligations under this Agreement without the necessity of any act or consent of any other person whatsoever;

 

5.2

this Agreement when executed by the Parties constitutes valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms;

 

5.3

the Company warrants that (i) it has been duly incorporated in accordance with applicable laws and is lawfully in existence; (ii) the statements in § 1.2 in relation to the Company are complete and correct as of the date of this Agreement; and (iii) all shares in the Company have been validly issued and are fully paid up;

 

5.4

the Sale Shares being purchased by New Investor hereunder, when issued, sold and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement for the consideration expressed herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will be free of restrictions on transfer other than restrictions on transfer under applicable United States federal and state securities laws;

 

5.5

the Company is not in violation or default of any provision of its articles of association;

 

5.6

Jumia is not in violation or default in any material respect of any instrument, judgment, order, writ, decree or contract to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or, to its knowledge, of any provision of any United States federal or state statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any such violation or default or be in conflict with or constitute, with or without the passage of time and giving of notice, either a default under any such provision, instrument, judgment, order, writ, decree or contract or an event that results in the creation of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any assets of Jumia or the suspension, revocation, impairment, forfeiture, or nonrenewal of any material permit, license, authorization, or approval applicable to Jumia, its business or operations or any of its assets or properties;

 

5.7

the Registration Statement, and any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be included therein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“ SEC ”) promulgated under the Securities Act, complied (or, in the case of amendments filed after the date of this Agreement, will comply) as of its filing date in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, and did not (or, in the case of amendments filed after the date hereof, will not) contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As of the date it is declared effective by the SEC, the Registration Statement, as so amended, and any related registration statements, will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto, any free writing prospectus related to the Registration Statement and any final prospectus related to the Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, in each case as of its date, will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and

 

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Page 5


  regulations promulgated thereunder, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

5.8

the Company has not incurred, and will not incur, directly or indirectly, as a result of any action taken by the Company, any liability for brokerage or finders’ fees or agents’ commissions or any similar charges in connection with the sale of the Sale Shares contemplated by this Agreement, save for any fees payable to Goldman Sachs and Lazard;

 

5.9

No directed selling efforts (as defined in Rule 902 of Regulation S under the Securities Act) have been made by any of the Company, any of its affiliates or any person acting on its or their behalf with respect to any Sale Shares that are not registered under the Securities Act; and none of such persons has taken any actions that would result in the sale of the Sale Shares to New Investor under this Agreement requiring registration under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws; and the Company is a “foreign issuer” (as defined in Regulation S);

 

5.10

assuming the accuracy of the representations, warranties and covenants of New Investor set forth in § 6 of this Agreement, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Sale Shares by the Company to the New Investor under this Agreement;

 

5.11

neither Jumia nor any of its directors or officers, or any controlled affiliate, or employee or, to the best knowledge of the Company, any agent has (a) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or unlawful expense relating to political activity, (b) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds, (c) attempted to pay or paid any bribe, pay-off, influence payment or other unlawful payment or (d) made any payment of funds of Jumia or any subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of any anti-corruption law, rule, statute or regulation in all relevant jurisdictions (including, without limitation, the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (“ FCPA ”), the UK Bribery Act 2010 (“ UK Bribery Act ”) and the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (“ OECD Convention ”)), in each case as applicable to them;

 

5.12

the operations of Jumia have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the money laundering and proceeds of crime statutes of all jurisdictions, any rules and regulations under any such statutes and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental authority, including the United States Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”), in each case as applicable according to the relevant location of the operations of Jumia;

 

5.13

neither Jumia nor any of its directors or officers, or, to the best knowledge of the Company, any controlled affiliate, agent or employee is (a) currently subject to any sanctions administered by the United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“ OFAC ”) or any similar sanctions or measures imposed by Her Majesty’s Treasury, the European Union or the United Nations (collectively, the “ Sanctions ”) or has taken any action resulting in a violation by such person of any Sanctions, in all cases as far as they do not result or have not resulted in a violation of or conflict with Section 7 of the German Foreign Trade Ordinance (§ 7 Au ß enwirtschaftsverordnung ), or a similar applicable anti-boycott statute or (b) located within, or doing business or operating from, a country or territory subject to a general embargo administered by OFAC or any Sanctions or measures imposed by Her Majesty’s Treasury, the European Union or the United Nations;

 

5.14

Jumia complies with all applicable data protection laws, guidelines and industry standards and has established the procedures necessary to ensure continued compliance, except where any failure to comply and/or to maintain procedures would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Jumia, taken as a whole. Neither the Jumia nor, to Jumia’s best

 

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Page 6


  knowledge, any of its subsidiaries has received any notice or allegation from any competent authority (including any information or enforcement notice, or any transfer prohibition notice) alleging that Jumia or any of its subsidiaries has not complied with applicable data protection laws, guidelines and industry standards, except where any failure to comply would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Jumia. No individual has claimed and, so far as Jumia is aware, no grounds exist for an individual to claim, compensation from Jumia for breaches of applicable data protection laws or for loss or unauthorized disclosure of Personal Data, except where any such claim would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Jumia, taken as a whole. “ Personal Data ” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number, and (ii) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person;

 

5.15

the information technology systems, equipment and software used by Jumia in their respective businesses, including those used to process online order and payment services, (“ IT Assets ”) (i) operate and perform in accordance with relevant specifications and otherwise as required by Jumia’s businesses as currently conducted and (ii) have not malfunctioned or failed at any time during the period covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, except, in each case of (i) and (ii) above, as non-compliance with this representation would not have or be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Jumia. To Jumia’s best knowledge, there has been no security breach, attack or other compromise as a result of which any person has gained unauthorized access to any IT Asset in a manner that would have or be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect Jumia and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole;

 

5.16

Jumia and its subsidiaries have made and kept books, records and accounts which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets. Since the end of Jumia’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (i) no material weakness in Jumia’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (ii) no change in Jumia’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Jumia’s internal control over financial reporting;

 

5.17

no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving Jumia with respect to the representations and warranties listed in Clauses §§ 5.10 - 5.15 is pending or, to the best knowledge of Jumia, threatened.

§ 6

New Investor Warranties

New Investor hereby warrants towards the Company in the form of independent warranties (section 311 para. 1 of the German Civil Code ( BGB )) that at the date hereof and, unless expressly provided for otherwise, as of the date of the Closing:

 

6.1

New Investor is duly authorized to execute this Agreement and has full power and authority to execute and perform its obligations under this Agreement without the necessity of any act or consent of any other person whatsoever;

 

6.2

this Agreement when executed by it, constitutes valid and binding obligations of New Investor, enforceable in accordance with its terms;

 

6.3

neither the execution of this Agreement nor the performance of any of the obligations hereunder violate or conflict with (i) any of the terms of the articles of association or other organizational provisions (like shareholders’ or investment agreements or rules for the management board) of New Investor or (ii) any agreement, undertaking, obligation, order, judgment, law or decree by which New Investor is bound;

 

Private Placement Agreement

Page 7


6.4

the Sale Shares to be received by the New Investor will be acquired for investment for the New Investor’s own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the distribution of any part thereof, and that the New Investor has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the same, except as permitted by applicable federal or state securities laws. New Investor does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement with any person to sell, transfer or grant participations to such person or to any third person, with respect to any of the Sale Shares;

 

6.5

New Investor has received all the information it considers necessary or appropriate for deciding whether to purchase the Sale Shares. New Investor has had an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from the Company regarding the terms and conditions of the offering of the Sale Shares and the business, properties, prospects and financial condition of the Company;

 

6.6

New Investor is able to fend for itself, can bear the economic risk of its investment, and has such knowledge and experience in financial or business matters that it is capable evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in the Sale Shares. New Investor has not been organized for the purpose of acquiring the Sale Shares;

 

6.7

New Investor was not identified or contacted through the marketing of the IPO. New Investor did not contact the Company as a result of any general solicitation or directed selling efforts. The purchase of the Sale Shares by the New Investor was not solicited by or through anyone other than the Company;

 

6.8

New Investor has been advised and acknowledges that in issuing Sale Shares to the New Investor pursuant hereto, the Company is relying upon the exemption from registration provided by Regulation S. New Investor is acquiring the Sale Shares in an offshore transaction in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Regulation S;

 

6.9

New Investor has not engaged any brokers, finders or agents, and neither the Company nor the New Investor has, nor will, incur, directly or indirectly, as a result of any action taken by the New Investor, any liability for brokerage or finders’ fees or agents’ commissions or any similar charges in connection with this Agreement;

 

6.10

New Investor understands that the Sale Shares may be characterized as “restricted securities” under the federal securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that under such laws and applicable regulations such securities may be resold without registration under the Securities Act, only in certain limited circumstances. New Investor is familiar with Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations imposed thereby and by the Securities Act;

 

6.11

New Investor will not sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of the Sale Shares, other than to donees, partners or affiliates of the New Investor who agree to be similarly bound, for up to 180 days following the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering. The provisions of this § 6.10 shall not apply to any sale of the Sale Shares permitted under the Lock-Up Agreement (as defined below) pursuant to an underwriting agreement or to Sale Shares acquired in market purchases (subject to § 6.11 following the Company’s initial public offering, unless otherwise required by the Underwriters. New Investor has executed and delivered or will execute and deliver to the Underwriters the lock-up agreement substantially in the same form as provided by the Company’s existing shareholders (“ Lock-Up Agreement ”). The Lock-Up Agreement is or will be in full force and effect, and following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, including with respect to the Sale Shares;

 

6.12

Until 6 months following the closing of the IPO, unless approved in advance in writing by the Company, neither the New Investor nor any of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the New Investor, nor any officer of the New Investor acting on behalf of or in concert with the New Investor, will acquire (or propose or agree to acquire), of record or beneficially, by purchase or otherwise, any loans, debt securities, equity securities, or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or rights or options to

 

Private Placement Agreement

Page 8


  acquire interests in any of the Company’s loans, debt securities, equity securities, or assets, other than (i) equity securities acquired from the Company in exchange for equity securities of the Company currently held by the New Investor, any of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the New Investor or any of such officers and (ii) the acquisition of the Sale Shares as contemplated by this Agreement.

§ 7

Merger Control

The Parties concur that the consummation of this Agreement is not subject to any filing requirements by any relevant and competent competition authority.

§ 8

Company’s Undertakings

The Company undertakes and agrees with the New Investor as follows:

 

8.1

the Company shall not, (i) contribute or otherwise make available all or any part of the proceeds of the sale of the Sale Shares or the proceeds raised with the IPO, directly or indirectly, to, or for the benefit of, any individual or entity (whether or not related to any member of Jumia) for the purpose of financing the activities or business of, other transactions with, or investments in, any individual or entity that is the target of Sanctions or located, organised or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions; (ii) engage in any transaction, activity or conduct that would violate applicable Sanctions or rules and regulations of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act and the OECD Convention, all other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and Money Laundering Laws; or (iii) engage in any transaction, activity or conduct that would cause the New Investor or any of their affiliates to be in breach of any Sanctions.

 

8.2

Prior to publication of any disclosure about the Mastercard Group, the Agreement and the Commercial Agreement or any other mentioning of Mastercard Group in the Registration Statement in any form, any free writing prospectus related to the Registration Statement, any final prospectus, any supplement or amendment to the prospectus and any other marketing material prepared in connection with the IPO, the Company shall solicit, and shall use best efforts to ensure that all other parties acting on its behalf in connection with the Qualified IPO (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Underwriters) solicit, to the extent reasonably practicable, the New Investor’s consent with regard to such publication.

§ 9

Conditions to the New Investor’s Obligations

 

9.1

The obligations of the Company and New Investor under § 4.1 of this Agreement are subject to the fulfillment on or before the Closing of each of the following conditions:

 

9.1.1

prior to the purchase of the Sale Shares by New Investor hereunder, the Underwriters shall have purchased the Firm Shares (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement) pursuant to the Registration Statement and the Underwriting Agreement;

 

9.1.2

the Company’s existing shareholders shall have resolved upon a capital increase and/or an authorized capital that permits the Company to issue the Sale Shares to New Investor;

 

9.1.3

during the period from the date of this Agreement to immediately prior to the Closing, no governmental authority of competent jurisdiction shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any decision, injunction, decree, ruling, law or order permanently enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the transactions contemplated at the Closing; and

 

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Page 9


9.1.4

the Commercial Agreement has been duly and validly executed by the Company and the MAPPL and has not been revoked, unless MAPPL has revoked the Commercial Agreement.

 

9.2

The New Investor may waive any of the foregoing conditions in its sole discretion.

III.

Miscellaneous

§ 10

Termination, Private Investment

This Agreement shall terminate (i) at any time upon the written consent of both the Company and the New Investor, (ii) upon the withdrawal by the Company of the Registration Statement, or (iii) on 31  May 2019 if the Closing has not occurred.

§ 11

Confidentiality

 

11.1

The Parties shall treat all information regarding this Agreement and the Company, including, without limitation, the existence of this Agreement and any related agreements, the parties to this Agreement and any related agreements and any information relating to or of any Party which any other Party may have received or obtained, or will receive or obtain, in connection with or as a result of the entering into and consummation of this Agreement, confidential. However, the Parties are entitled to disclose information:

 

11.1.1

to limited partners, employees, advisory bodies or advisors of each Party and the commercial banks or other financial institutions who themselves are subject to a comparable confidentiality obligation;

 

11.1.2

to future investors who wish to acquire a direct or indirect participation in the Company, if they sign a corresponding declaration of confidentiality;

 

11.1.3

to any third party, including investment banks, in connection with a (planned) IPO or financing measures of the Company, provided that such advisors have signed respective customary confidentiality undertakings;

 

11.1.4

in connection with a planned IPO, including by way of disclosure in any registration statement (including by filing this Agreement as an exhibit), prospectus or IPO-related document ( e.g. early investor, analyst and road-show presentations);

 

11.1.5

to tax and other public authorities, to the extent stipulated by statute by a court or administrative authority; and

 

11.1.6

to the extent to which necessary by statutory law, regulations or stock exchange rules binding a Party or anyone controlling a Party.

 

11.2

The Parties are entitled to disclose information to their affiliates.

 

11.3

The Parties shall not make any public announcement or issue a press release or respond to any enquiry from the press or other media concerning or relating to this Agreement or its subject matter or the parties to it or the documents referred to in or entered into pursuant to this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Parties, except as required by law, under generally accepted accounting principles or the rules of any stock exchange or governmental authority.

 

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11.4

To the extent that the disclosure of information or the making of an announcement, as the case may be, is permitted under §§ 11.1.4 through 11.1.6, respectively, such disclosure or announcement shall, to the extent lawful, only be made after consultation with the other Parties and after taking into account the reasonable requirements of the other Parties as to the content of such disclosure or announcement.

§ 12

Notices

 

12.1

All notices, requests and other communications in connection with this Agreement shall be made in writing in English and shall be delivered personally or sent by registered letter (in each case with a copy by email to the extent that an email address has been specified below for the respective addressee(s)) to the addresses below or to such other addresses as maybe specified by any Party to the other Parties in the same manner.

 

12.1.1

Notices to the Company:

Jumia Technologies AG

Charlottenstraße 4

10969 Berlin, Germany

Attn: Sacha Poignonnec

Email: sacha.poignonnec@jumia.com

with copies to

Noerr LLP

Charlottenstrasse 57

10117 Berlin, Germany

Attn: Dr. Sascha Leske

Email: sascha.leske@noerr.com

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

Neue Mainzer Strasse 52

60311 Frankfurt, Germany

Attn: Krystian Czerniecki

Email: czernieckik@sullcrom.com

 

12.1.2

Notices to New Investor:

Mastercard Europe SA

Chaussee de Tervuren 198A

Waterloo, B-1410 Belgium

Attn: Michael Luchinsky

Email: Michael.Luchinsky@mastercard.com

with a copy to

McDermott Will & Emery LLP

Feldbergstraße 35

60323 Frankfurt, Germany

Attn: Simon Weiss

Email: sweiss@mwe.com

 

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Page 11


§ 13

Assignment

Any single rights and/or single obligations defined under this Agreement or this Agreement as a whole cannot be transferred or assigned in whole or in part without the prior written consent of the other Parties.

§ 14

Costs

Each Party shall bear its own costs for the draft and advice in connection with the conclusion of this Agreement and the measures provided for in it.

§ 15

Written Form

Alterations and additions to this Agreement must be in written form and be signed by each Party in order to be valid, any such alteration or addition shall furthermore be notarized if notarial recording is prescribed. This also applies for any alterations or amendments or any waiver of this requirement of the written form.

§ 16

Choice of Law and Legal Venue

 

16.1

This Agreement is subject to the substantive laws of the Federal Republic of Germany.

 

16.2

Any disputes of the Parties resulting out of or in connection with this Agreement shall exclusively be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of German Institution of Arbitration (DIS-SchO) and the supplementary rules for corporate litigation (DIS-ERGes). The arbitration tribunal shall be composed of three arbitrators. The claimant and the respondent shall each nominate one member of the tribunal. The third member of the tribunal shall be mutually appointed by the members nominated by the claimant and the respondent and shall be the chairman. The place of arbitration shall be Berlin. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in English.

The effects of the arbitral decision shall extend also to Parties that have been timely nominated as concerned parties ( Betroffene ) regardless of whether they have chosen to make use of the option to act as intervenor ( Nebenintervenient ) in the arbitration proceedings (section 11 DIS-ERGes). Parties that were timely nominated as concerned shareholders shall recognise the decision made in accordance with the provisions of the supplementary rules for corporate litigation (DIS-ERGes).

Each Party remains bound by this § 16.2 even after having left the Company for whatever legal reason.

In case of any litigation which would be subject to arbitration proceedings in accordance with this § 16.2 but has been put in front of ordinary courts, the Company always has to raise the objection that arbitration proceedings have been agreed between the Parties pursuant to this Agreement.

 

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§ 17

Severability

 

17.1

In case individual provisions of this Agreement are invalid or if this Agreement contains gaps, this does not affect the validity of the remaining provisions. Such invalid provision shall be replaced and the gap shall be filled by a valid provision which corresponds to the meaning and purpose of the invalid provision and which corresponds to what would reasonably have been agreed in accordance with the sense and purpose of this Agreement if the matter had been considered from the outset.

 

 

Date, Place

 

 

Jumia Technologies AG

represented by

Name:

Position:

 

 

Date, Place

 

 

Mastercard Europe SA

represented by

Name:

Position:

 

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Page 13


Annex 4.2

ISSUANCE OF SHARES AND SUBSCRIPTION

§ 1

Definitions

Any Defined Terms (as defined in § 2 of the Private Placement Agreement) used in this Annex 4.2 shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the relevant definition as set forth in the Private Placement Agreement. Any terms defined in this Annex 4.2 shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the relevant definition.

§ 2

Capital Increase

 

2.1.

The share capital of the Company shall be increased from up to EUR [●].00 (in words: Euro [●]) against contributions in cash by up to EUR [●].00 (in words: Euro [●]) through issuance of up to [●] new no-par value bearer shares with a pro rata amount in the share capital of the Company of EUR 1.00 (in words: Euro one) per share (“ New Shares ”) to up to EUR [●].00 (in words: Euro [●]) (“ Capital Increase ”) by resolution of an extraordinary general meeting of the Company, to be held on or about 1 April 2019 (“ Capital Increase Resolution ”).

 

2.2.

The Capital Increase Resolution shall be resolved upon subject to the condition precedent ( aufschiebende Bedingung ) that the implementation of the capital increase for the issuance of the IPO primary tranche and the implementation of the capital increase for the issuance of shares to existing shareholders for anti-dilution purposes (“ Anti-Dilution Capital Increase ”), if and to the extent the Anti-Dilution Capital Increase is implemented as determined by the management board with the consent of the supervisory board or a committee formed by the supervisory board, have become effective.

 

2.3.

The New Shares shall bear the right to participate in the profits of the Company beginning with the first day of the business year in which the Capital Increase has been registered with the commercial register. New Investor shall exclusively be admitted to subscribe for all New Shares. The statutory subscription rights of the shareholders of the Company shall be excluded regarding the Capital Increase. The management board of the Company shall be authorized, with the consent of the supervisory board or a committee formed by the supervisory board, to determine the final number of the New Shares to be issued in the course of the Capital Increase in accordance with the detailed provisions set forth in the Private Placement Agreement.

 

2.4.

The New Shares shall be issued at the minimum issuance price ( Ausgabebetrag ) of EUR 1.00 per New Share. The issuance price has to be entirely paid in cash as set forth in § 4.

§ 3

Subscription

 

3.1.

Following the determination of the IPO Price, the management board of the Company shall determine, with the approval of the IPO committee of the supervisory board of the Company, the scope of implementation of the Capital Increase and the number of New Shares that is equal to the Sale Shares (“ Subscription Shares ”). The IPO committee of the supervisory board of the Company shall resolve on the corresponding amendment of the articles of association of the Company (“ Amendment of Articles ”).

 

3.2.

New Investor undertakes to subscribe without undue delay after the Qualified IPO for the Subscription Shares in the proper and valid form by executing the respective subscription certificate substantially in the form as attached hereto as Exhibit and delivering the original to the Company.

 

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Annex 4.2

 

§ 4

Payment

 

4.1.

New Investor undertakes to pay to the Company a cash contribution in the amount of the minimum issuance price of EUR 1.00 per Subscription Share (“ Contribution Amount ”).

 

4.2.

New Investor further undertakes to pay to the Company per Subscription Share an additional amount of the IPO Price less the Contribution Amount into the Company’s free capital reserves within the meaning of § 272 para. 2 no. 4 of the German Commercial Code ( HGB ) (“ Additional Payment ”).

 

4.3.

The Contribution Amount and the Additional Payment fall due for payment upon subscription to the Subscription Shares in accordance with § 3 and the total amount, i.e. the sum of the Contribution Amount and the Additional Payment, has to be paid onto the following special account of the Company free of interest and commission:

 

Account holder:

  

Jumia Technologies AG

Bank:

  

Deutsche Bank AG

IBAN:

  

DE55 10070024 0726 789100

BIC:

  

DEUTDEDBBER

The Company warrants that account stated above is not an overdraft account.

§ 5

Registration Process

 

5.1.

The Company shall procure that the Capital Increase and the Amendment of Articles will be filed for registration without undue delay after

 

 

a)

the Company has received from the New Investor the originals of two duly executed subscription certificates for the Subscription Shares pursuant to § 3 and

 

 

b)

the New Investor has duly paid the Contribution Amount and the Additional Payment pursuant to § 4 and

 

 

c)

the Company has received the confirmation by the bank that the payment of the Contribution Amount has been made to the special account of the Company ultimately at the unrestricted disposal of the Management Board and

 

 

d)

the Company has received the confirmation by the bank that the payment of the Additional Amount has been made to the special account of the Company ultimately at the unrestricted disposal of the Management Board.

 

5.2.

The Company shall – also in case any interim orders will be issued – perform all acts and make all declarations necessary for the registration of the Capital Increase and the Amendment of Articles with the commercial register of the Company.

 

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Exhibit

 

     C ONVENIENCE TRANSLATION
[1./2.] Ausfertigung / [1st/2nd] Version

An die

Jumia Technologies AG
mit Sitz in Berlin und Geschäftsanschrift
Charlottenstraße 4
10969 Berlin,

AG Charlottenburg
HRB 203542 B

  

To

Jumia Technologies AG
with seat in Berlin and business address
Charlottenstraße 4
10969 Berlin,

Local court of Charlottenburg
HRB 203542 B

Zeichnungsschein
(doppelt ausgestellt)
   Subscription Certificate
(issued twice)

Die außerordentliche Hauptversammlung der Jumia Technologies AG, Berlin, eingetragen im Handelsregister des Amtsgerichts Charlottenburg unter HRB 203542 B (die „ Gesellschaft “), hat mit Beschluss vom [1]. April 2019 die Erhöhung des Grundkapitals der Gesellschaft von bis zu EUR [●].00 um bis zu EUR [●],00 durch Ausgabe von bis zu [●] neuen, auf den Inhaber lautenden Stückaktien mit einem auf die einzelne Aktie entfallenden anteiligen Betrag des Grundkapitals in Höhe von EUR 1,00 gegen Bareinlagen unter Ausschluss des Bezugsrechts der Aktionäre der Gesellschaft auf bis zu EUR [●],00 beschlossen (der „ Kapitalerhöhungsbeschluss “).

  

The extraordinary General Meeting of Jumia Technologies AG, Berlin, registered with the commercial register of the local court of Charlottenburg under HRB 203542 B (the “ Company ”), resolved by resolution dated [1] April 2019 to increase the share capital of the Company from up to EUR [●].00 by up to EUR [●].00 through the issuance of up to [●] new no-par value bearer shares, each of which representing a portion of the share capital of EUR 1.00, against contributions in cash under exclusion of the subscription rights of the shareholders of the Company to up to EUR [●].00 (the “ Capital Increase Resolution ”).

Die neuen Aktien sind ab dem 01. Januar 2019 (einschließlich) voll gewinnanteilsberechtigt und werden zum geringsten Ausgabebetrag in Höhe von EUR 1,00 je Aktie ausgegeben.

  

The new shares are fully entitled to profits as of (and including) 1 January 2019 and are issued at the minimum issuance price of EUR 1.00 per share.

Zur Zeichnung der neuen Aktien ist ausschließlich die Mastercard Europe SA mit Sitz in Waterloo, Belgien, eingetragen im Belgischen Handelsregister unter Nr. 0448.038.446 („ Mastercard “) zugelassen.

  

For subscription of the new shares, exclusively Mastercard Europe SA with seat in Waterloo, Belgium, registered with the Belgian trade register under no. 0448.038.446 (“ Mastercard ”) is admitted.

Entsprechend der näheren Vorgaben des Beschlusses der außerordentlichen Hauptversammlung der Gesellschaft vom [1]. April 2019 hat der Vorstand der Gesellschaft durch Beschluss vom [●] mit Zustimmung des IPO-Ausschusses des Aufsichtsrats durch Beschluss vom [●]die Gesamtzahl der auszugebenden neuen Aktien auf [●] festgesetzt. Damit wird das Grundkapital der Gesellschaft von EUR [●],00 um EUR [●],00 durch Ausgabe von [●] neuen, auf den Inhaber lautenden Stückaktien gegen Bareinlagen auf EUR [●],00 erhöht.

  

In accordance with the more detailed provisions of the resolution of the extraordinary General Meeting of the Company held on [1] April 2019, the Management Board of the Company determined by resolution on [●], with the consent of the IPO Committee of the Supervisory Board by resolution on [●], the total number of new shares to be issued to be [●]. The share capital of the Company will thus be increased from EUR [●].00 by EUR [●].00 through the issuance of [●] new no-par value bearer shares against contributions in cash to EUR [●].00.

 

23865725_1,

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Exhibit

 

     C ONVENIENCE TRANSLATION

Mastercard zeichnet und übernimmt hiermit

  

Mastercard hereby subscribes for and takes over

[●]
(in Worten: [●])
   [●]
(in words: [●])

neue, auf den Inhaber lautende Stückaktien der Gesellschaft mit einem auf die einzelne Aktie entfallenden anteiligen Betrag des Grundkapitals in Höhe von EUR 1,00 und Gewinnberechtigung ab 01. Januar 2019 zum geringsten Ausgabebetrag von EUR 1,00 je Stückaktie nach Maßgabe der vorstehenden Bedingungen und zahlt auf diese Aktien den Ausgabebetrag in Höhe von EUR 1,00 je Aktie und damit den gesamten Ausgabebetrag in Höhe von insgesamt

  

new no-par value bearer shares of the Company, each of which representing a portion of the share capital of EUR 1.00 and with profit rights starting from 1 January 2019 at the minimum issuance price of EUR 1.00 per no-par value share in accordance with the above terms and conditions and pays on these shares the issuance price of EUR 1.00 per share and thus the total issuance price of

EUR [●],00
(in Worten: Euro [●])
   EUR [●].00
(in words: Euro [●])

auf das bei der [●] zins- und provisionsfrei geführte Sonderkonto der Gesellschaft mit der Bezeichnung „[ Sonderkonto Kapitalerhöhung Jumia ]“ ein.

  

to the special account of the Company at [●], free of interest and commission with the name “[ Sonderkonto Kapitalerhöhung Jumia ]”.

Der Ausgabebetrag in Höhe von EUR 1,00 je Aktie und damit der gesamte Ausgabebetrag der gezeichneten Aktien in Höhe von insgesamt EUR [●],00 sind mit Wertstellung zum [●]endgültig zur freien Verfügung des Vorstands an die Gesellschaft zu zahlen (Betrag der festgesetzten Einzahlungen im Sinne von § 185 Abs. 1 Satz 3 Nr. 2 AktG).

  

The issuance price of EUR 1.00 per share and thus the total issuance price of the subscribed shares in the amount of EUR [●].00 are to be paid on the value date of [●]to the Company ultimately at the unrestricted disposal of the Management Board (amount of the fixed contributions within the meaning of § 185 para. 1 sentence 3 no. 2 German Stock Corporation Act ( Aktiengesetz , “ AktG ”).

Die Zeichnung wird unverbindlich, wenn die Durchführung der Kapitalerhöhung nicht bis zum Ablauf des [●]. April 2019, 24:00 Uhr mitteleuropäischer Sommerzeit (MESZ), in das Handelsregister des für die Gesellschaft zuständigen Amtsgerichts Charlottenburg eingetragen ist.

  

The subscription shall not be binding if the implementation of the capital increase has not been registered with the commercial register of the local court Charlottenburg, which is responsible for the Company, by the end of [●] April 2019, 24:00 hours Central European Summer Time (CEST).

Es wird klargestellt, dass außer der vorstehenden Bestimmung des Datums gemäß § 185 Abs. 1 Satz 3 Nr. 4 AktG alle sonstigen Angaben dieses Zeichnungsscheins keine Beschränkungen der Verpflichtung von Mastercard darstellen (§ 185 Abs. 2 AktG).

  

It is clarified that, apart from the aforementioned determination of the date pursuant to § 185 para. 1 sentence 3 no. 4 AktG, all other indications made in this subscription certificate do not constitute restrictions on Mastercard obligation (§ 185 para. 2 AktG).

Die deutsche Fassung dieses Zeichnungsscheins ist maßgeblich.

  

The German wording of this subscription certificate is decisive.

 

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Exhibit

 

     C ONVENIENCE TRANSLATION

 

Ort/place, Datum/date

  

Mastercard Europe SA

 

Name/name: [●]

Funktion/function: [●]

  

 

Name/name: [●]

Funktion/function: [●]

 

23865725_1,

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Exhibit 21.1

List of Subsidiaries

 

Entity

  

Country

Bambino 162. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt)

  

Germany

Juwel 179. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt)

  

Germany

Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Juwel 194. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt)

  

Germany

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt)

  

Germany

Jumia Services GmbH (formerly: Juwel 162. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt))

  

Germany

Digital Services XLV (GP) S.à r.l.

  

Luxembourg

Africa Internet Services SAS

  

Paris

Silveroak Internet Services Portugal, Unipessoal Lda

  

Porto

EasyTaxi Egypt

  

Egypt

  

Juwel 194. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Erste Verwaltungs KG/ ZANDO

  

Germany

Jade E-Services South Africa Proprietary Ltd.

  

South Africa

  

AIH Subholding Nr. 8 UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA MARKET

  

Germany

Atol Services Gabon SARL

  

Gabon

Atol Services Congo Ltd.

  

Congo

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Fünfte Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Atol Internet Services Rwanda

  

Rwanda

AIH General Merchandise Tanzania UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Services Tanzania Ltd.

  

Tanzania

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 132. Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Juwel E-Services Tanzania Ltd.

  

Tanzania

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Zehnte Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 23. Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 24. Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Atol Internet Services S.a.r.l. Tunisia

  

Tunisia

Jumia Eservices SARL

  

Tunisia

  

AIH Subholding Nr. 9 UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA CAR

  

Germany

Hellopay Africa Integrated Services Ltd. (formerly: Lipco Internet Services Nigeria)

  

Nigeria

  

AIH Subholding Nr. 10 UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA HOUSE

  

Germany

Juwel 193 V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Zwölfte Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Jade E-Services Tunisia Suarl

  

Tunisia

  

AIH Subholding Nr. 11 UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA FOOD

  

Germany

Juwel 193 V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Siebte Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Jade E-Services Uganda Ltd.

  

Uganda

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Vierte Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Jade E-Services Senegal SARL (formerly: Hellofood Senegal SUARL)

  

Senegal

Juwel 193. V V UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 128. Verwaltungs KG

  

Germany

Jade E-Services Ghana Ltd.

  

Ghana

  

AIH Subholding Nr. 12 UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA TRAVEL

  

Germany

  

 

1


Entity

  

Country

AIH General Merchandise UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG/ JUMIA MALL

  

Germany

AIH General Merchandise Cameroon UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Services Cameroon Ltd.

  

Cameroon

AIH General Merchandise Egypt UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Jumia Egypt LLC

  

Egypt

AIH General Merchandise Ivory Coast UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Services Ivory Coast SRL

  

Ivory Coast

Atol Ivory Coast SARL

  

Ivory Coast

AIH General Merchandise Kenya UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Services Kenya Ltd.

  

Kenya

AIH General Merchandise Morocco UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Services Morocco Sarl

  

Morocco

AIH General Merchandise Nigeria UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG

  

Germany

Ecart Internet Services Nigeria Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Jolali Global Resources Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Vamido Global Resources Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Jumia Logistics Services Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Jade Internet E-Services Nigeria Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Atol Internet Services Nigeria Ltd.

  

Nigeria

Gabi Internet Services Nigeria Ltd.

  

Nigeria

 

2

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated February 6, 2019, in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Form F-1) and related Prospectus of Jumia Technologies AG (formerly Africa Internet Holding GmbH) dated March 28, 2019.

/s/ Ernst & Young

Ernst & Young

Société Anonyme

Cabinet de Révision Agréé

Luxembourg

March 28, 2019

 

1